[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163677},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method":3,"nav-reference":1859},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":1852,"extension":1853,"meta":1854,"navigation":112,"path":1855,"seo":1856,"stem":1857,"__hash__":1858},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1820},"minimark",[9,19,26,38,43,172,181,188,193,209,212,299,302,366,369,373,376,397,400,414,417,463,465,474,477,483,491,494,572,574,620,623,628,711,713,754,762,766,773,776,784,787,890,892,951,954,971,977,988,995,999,1004,1010,1013,1016,1079,1082,1136,1142,1148,1153,1170,1172,1262,1264,1306,1317,1321,1326,1333,1336,1403,1409,1480,1484,1519,1522,1525,1564,1568,1645,1651,1658,1663,1688,1691,1714,1722,1726,1733,1736,1745,1753,1760,1763,1767,1774,1782,1785,1789,1816],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-list-copy-method","Python List ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"copy()"," Method",[20,21,22,25],"p",{},[15,23,24],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,27,28,29,32,33,37],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,30,31],{},"="," does ",[34,35,36],"strong",{},"not"," make a real copy.",[39,40,42],"h2",{"id":41},"quick-example","Quick example",[44,45,50],"pre",{"className":46,"code":47,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n","python","",[15,51,52,86,107,114,134,139,158],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54,57,61,64,68,72,75,78,80,83],"span",{"class":55,"line":56},"line",1,[53,58,60],{"class":59},"su5hD","numbers ",[53,62,31],{"class":63},"smGrS",[53,65,67],{"class":66},"sP7_E"," [",[53,69,71],{"class":70},"srdBf","1",[53,73,74],{"class":66},",",[53,76,77],{"class":70}," 2",[53,79,74],{"class":66},[53,81,82],{"class":70}," 3",[53,84,85],{"class":66},"]\n",[53,87,89,92,94,97,100,104],{"class":55,"line":88},2,[53,90,91],{"class":59},"new_numbers ",[53,93,31],{"class":63},[53,95,96],{"class":59}," numbers",[53,98,99],{"class":66},".",[53,101,103],{"class":102},"slqww","copy",[53,105,106],{"class":66},"()\n",[53,108,110],{"class":55,"line":109},3,[53,111,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},true,"\n",[53,115,117,120,122,125,128,131],{"class":55,"line":116},4,[53,118,119],{"class":59},"new_numbers",[53,121,99],{"class":66},[53,123,124],{"class":102},"append",[53,126,127],{"class":66},"(",[53,129,130],{"class":70},"4",[53,132,133],{"class":66},")\n",[53,135,137],{"class":55,"line":136},5,[53,138,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,140,142,146,148,151,154],{"class":55,"line":141},6,[53,143,145],{"class":144},"sptTA","print",[53,147,127],{"class":66},[53,149,150],{"class":102},"numbers",[53,152,153],{"class":66},")",[53,155,157],{"class":156},"sutJx","      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[53,159,161,163,165,167,169],{"class":55,"line":160},7,[53,162,145],{"class":144},[53,164,127],{"class":66},[53,166,119],{"class":102},[53,168,153],{"class":66},[53,170,171],{"class":156},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,173,174,175,177,178,99],{},"Use ",[15,176,24],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[34,179,180],{},"shallow copy",[39,182,184,185,187],{"id":183},"what-listcopy-does","What ",[15,186,24],{}," does",[20,189,190,192],{},[15,191,24],{},":",[194,195,196,200,203,206],"ul",{},[197,198,199],"li",{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[197,201,202],{},"Returns that new list",[197,204,205],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[197,207,208],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,210,211],{},"Example:",[44,213,215],{"className":46,"code":214,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,216,217,257,273,277,288],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,218,219,222,224,226,230,234,236,238,241,244,246,248,250,253,255],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,220,221],{"class":59},"fruits ",[53,223,31],{"class":63},[53,225,67],{"class":66},[53,227,229],{"class":228},"sjJ54","\"",[53,231,233],{"class":232},"s_sjI","apple",[53,235,229],{"class":228},[53,237,74],{"class":66},[53,239,240],{"class":228}," \"",[53,242,243],{"class":232},"banana",[53,245,229],{"class":228},[53,247,74],{"class":66},[53,249,240],{"class":228},[53,251,252],{"class":232},"orange",[53,254,229],{"class":228},[53,256,85],{"class":66},[53,258,259,262,264,267,269,271],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,260,261],{"class":59},"copied_fruits ",[53,263,31],{"class":63},[53,265,266],{"class":59}," fruits",[53,268,99],{"class":66},[53,270,103],{"class":102},[53,272,106],{"class":66},[53,274,275],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,276,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,278,279,281,283,286],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,280,145],{"class":144},[53,282,127],{"class":66},[53,284,285],{"class":102},"fruits",[53,287,133],{"class":66},[53,289,290,292,294,297],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,291,145],{"class":144},[53,293,127],{"class":66},[53,295,296],{"class":102},"copied_fruits",[53,298,133],{"class":66},[20,300,301],{},"Output:",[44,303,305],{"className":46,"code":304,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,306,307,338],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,308,309,312,315,317,319,321,324,326,328,330,332,334,336],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,310,311],{"class":66},"[",[53,313,314],{"class":228},"'",[53,316,233],{"class":232},[53,318,314],{"class":228},[53,320,74],{"class":66},[53,322,323],{"class":228}," '",[53,325,243],{"class":232},[53,327,314],{"class":228},[53,329,74],{"class":66},[53,331,323],{"class":228},[53,333,252],{"class":232},[53,335,314],{"class":228},[53,337,85],{"class":66},[53,339,340,342,344,346,348,350,352,354,356,358,360,362,364],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,341,311],{"class":66},[53,343,314],{"class":228},[53,345,233],{"class":232},[53,347,314],{"class":228},[53,349,74],{"class":66},[53,351,323],{"class":228},[53,353,243],{"class":232},[53,355,314],{"class":228},[53,357,74],{"class":66},[53,359,323],{"class":228},[53,361,252],{"class":232},[53,363,314],{"class":228},[53,365,85],{"class":66},[20,367,368],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[39,370,372],{"id":371},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[20,374,375],{},"The syntax is:",[44,377,379],{"className":46,"code":378,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,380,381],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,382,383,386,388,391,393,395],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,384,385],{"class":59},"new_list ",[53,387,31],{"class":63},[53,389,390],{"class":59}," old_list",[53,392,99],{"class":66},[53,394,103],{"class":102},[53,396,106],{"class":66},[20,398,399],{},"How it works:",[194,401,402,408,411],{},[197,403,404,405,407],{},"Call ",[15,406,17],{}," on an existing list",[197,409,410],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[197,412,413],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,415,416],{},"Example with an empty list:",[44,418,420],{"className":46,"code":419,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,421,422,432,448,452],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,423,424,427,429],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,425,426],{"class":59},"empty_list ",[53,428,31],{"class":63},[53,430,431],{"class":66}," []\n",[53,433,434,437,439,442,444,446],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,435,436],{"class":59},"new_empty_list ",[53,438,31],{"class":63},[53,440,441],{"class":59}," empty_list",[53,443,99],{"class":66},[53,445,103],{"class":102},[53,447,106],{"class":66},[53,449,450],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,451,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,453,454,456,458,461],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,455,145],{"class":144},[53,457,127],{"class":66},[53,459,460],{"class":102},"new_empty_list",[53,462,133],{"class":66},[20,464,301],{},[44,466,468],{"className":46,"code":467,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[]\n",[15,469,470],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,471,472],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,473,467],{"class":66},[20,475,476],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[39,478,480,481],{"id":479},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,482,31],{},[20,484,485,486,32,488,490],{},"Using ",[15,487,31],{},[34,489,36],{}," create a new list.",[20,492,493],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[44,495,497],{"className":46,"code":496,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,498,499,519,529,533,548,552,562],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,500,501,503,505,507,509,511,513,515,517],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,502,60],{"class":59},[53,504,31],{"class":63},[53,506,67],{"class":66},[53,508,71],{"class":70},[53,510,74],{"class":66},[53,512,77],{"class":70},[53,514,74],{"class":66},[53,516,82],{"class":70},[53,518,85],{"class":66},[53,520,521,524,526],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,522,523],{"class":59},"same_list ",[53,525,31],{"class":63},[53,527,528],{"class":59}," numbers\n",[53,530,531],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,532,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,534,535,538,540,542,544,546],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,536,537],{"class":59},"same_list",[53,539,99],{"class":66},[53,541,124],{"class":102},[53,543,127],{"class":66},[53,545,130],{"class":70},[53,547,133],{"class":66},[53,549,550],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,551,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,553,554,556,558,560],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,555,145],{"class":144},[53,557,127],{"class":66},[53,559,150],{"class":102},[53,561,133],{"class":66},[53,563,564,566,568,570],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,565,145],{"class":144},[53,567,127],{"class":66},[53,569,537],{"class":102},[53,571,133],{"class":66},[20,573,301],{},[44,575,577],{"className":46,"code":576,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,578,579,600],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,580,581,583,585,587,589,591,593,595,598],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,582,311],{"class":66},[53,584,71],{"class":70},[53,586,74],{"class":66},[53,588,77],{"class":70},[53,590,74],{"class":66},[53,592,82],{"class":70},[53,594,74],{"class":66},[53,596,597],{"class":70}," 4",[53,599,85],{"class":66},[53,601,602,604,606,608,610,612,614,616,618],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,603,311],{"class":66},[53,605,71],{"class":70},[53,607,74],{"class":66},[53,609,77],{"class":70},[53,611,74],{"class":66},[53,613,82],{"class":70},[53,615,74],{"class":66},[53,617,597],{"class":70},[53,619,85],{"class":66},[20,621,622],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,624,625,626,192],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,627,17],{},[44,629,631],{"className":46,"code":630,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,632,633,653,668,672,687,691,701],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,634,635,637,639,641,643,645,647,649,651],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,636,60],{"class":59},[53,638,31],{"class":63},[53,640,67],{"class":66},[53,642,71],{"class":70},[53,644,74],{"class":66},[53,646,77],{"class":70},[53,648,74],{"class":66},[53,650,82],{"class":70},[53,652,85],{"class":66},[53,654,655,658,660,662,664,666],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,656,657],{"class":59},"copied_numbers ",[53,659,31],{"class":63},[53,661,96],{"class":59},[53,663,99],{"class":66},[53,665,103],{"class":102},[53,667,106],{"class":66},[53,669,670],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,671,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,673,674,677,679,681,683,685],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,675,676],{"class":59},"copied_numbers",[53,678,99],{"class":66},[53,680,124],{"class":102},[53,682,127],{"class":66},[53,684,130],{"class":70},[53,686,133],{"class":66},[53,688,689],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,690,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,692,693,695,697,699],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,694,145],{"class":144},[53,696,127],{"class":66},[53,698,150],{"class":102},[53,700,133],{"class":66},[53,702,703,705,707,709],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,704,145],{"class":144},[53,706,127],{"class":66},[53,708,676],{"class":102},[53,710,133],{"class":66},[20,712,301],{},[44,714,716],{"className":46,"code":715,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,717,718,734],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,719,720,722,724,726,728,730,732],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,721,311],{"class":66},[53,723,71],{"class":70},[53,725,74],{"class":66},[53,727,77],{"class":70},[53,729,74],{"class":66},[53,731,82],{"class":70},[53,733,85],{"class":66},[53,735,736,738,740,742,744,746,748,750,752],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,737,311],{"class":66},[53,739,71],{"class":70},[53,741,74],{"class":66},[53,743,77],{"class":70},[53,745,74],{"class":66},[53,747,82],{"class":70},[53,749,74],{"class":66},[53,751,597],{"class":70},[53,753,85],{"class":66},[20,755,756,757,99],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[758,759,761],"a",{"href":760},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained for beginners",[39,763,765],{"id":764},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,767,768,770,771,99],{},[15,769,24],{}," makes a ",[34,772,180],{},[20,774,775],{},"That means:",[194,777,778,781],{},[197,779,780],{},"The outer list is new",[197,782,783],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,785,786],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[44,788,790],{"className":46,"code":789,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,791,792,823,839,843,865,869,880],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,793,794,797,799,802,804,806,808,811,813,816,818,820],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,795,796],{"class":59},"original ",[53,798,31],{"class":63},[53,800,801],{"class":66}," [[",[53,803,71],{"class":70},[53,805,74],{"class":66},[53,807,77],{"class":70},[53,809,810],{"class":66},"],",[53,812,67],{"class":66},[53,814,815],{"class":70},"3",[53,817,74],{"class":66},[53,819,597],{"class":70},[53,821,822],{"class":66},"]]\n",[53,824,825,828,830,833,835,837],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,826,827],{"class":59},"copied ",[53,829,31],{"class":63},[53,831,832],{"class":59}," original",[53,834,99],{"class":66},[53,836,103],{"class":102},[53,838,106],{"class":66},[53,840,841],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,842,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,844,845,848,850,853,856,858,860,863],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,846,847],{"class":59},"copied",[53,849,311],{"class":66},[53,851,852],{"class":70},"0",[53,854,855],{"class":66},"].",[53,857,124],{"class":102},[53,859,127],{"class":66},[53,861,862],{"class":70},"99",[53,864,133],{"class":66},[53,866,867],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,868,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,870,871,873,875,878],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,872,145],{"class":144},[53,874,127],{"class":66},[53,876,877],{"class":102},"original",[53,879,133],{"class":66},[53,881,882,884,886,888],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,883,145],{"class":144},[53,885,127],{"class":66},[53,887,847],{"class":102},[53,889,133],{"class":66},[20,891,301],{},[44,893,895],{"className":46,"code":894,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,896,897,925],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,898,899,902,904,906,908,910,913,915,917,919,921,923],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,900,901],{"class":66},"[[",[53,903,71],{"class":70},[53,905,74],{"class":66},[53,907,77],{"class":70},[53,909,74],{"class":66},[53,911,912],{"class":70}," 99",[53,914,810],{"class":66},[53,916,67],{"class":66},[53,918,815],{"class":70},[53,920,74],{"class":66},[53,922,597],{"class":70},[53,924,822],{"class":66},[53,926,927,929,931,933,935,937,939,941,943,945,947,949],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,928,901],{"class":66},[53,930,71],{"class":70},[53,932,74],{"class":66},[53,934,77],{"class":70},[53,936,74],{"class":66},[53,938,912],{"class":70},[53,940,810],{"class":66},[53,942,67],{"class":66},[53,944,815],{"class":70},[53,946,74],{"class":66},[53,948,597],{"class":70},[53,950,822],{"class":66},[20,952,953],{},"Why did both change?",[194,955,956,964],{},[197,957,958,960,961,963],{},[15,959,877],{}," and ",[15,962,847],{}," are different outer lists",[197,965,966,967,970],{},"But the inner list ",[15,968,969],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,972,973,974,976],{},"So ",[15,975,17],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[194,978,979,982,985],{},[197,980,981],{},"Numbers",[197,983,984],{},"Strings",[197,986,987],{},"Booleans",[20,989,990,991,99],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[758,992,994],{"href":993},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[39,996,998],{"id":997},"return-value","Return value",[20,1000,1001,1003],{},[15,1002,24],{}," returns a new list.",[20,1005,1006,1007,1009],{},"It does ",[34,1008,36],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,1011,1012],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,1014,1015],{},"Correct:",[44,1017,1019],{"className":46,"code":1018,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,1020,1021,1048,1064,1068],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1022,1023,1026,1028,1030,1032,1035,1037,1039,1041,1044,1046],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,1024,1025],{"class":59},"colors ",[53,1027,31],{"class":63},[53,1029,67],{"class":66},[53,1031,229],{"class":228},[53,1033,1034],{"class":232},"red",[53,1036,229],{"class":228},[53,1038,74],{"class":66},[53,1040,240],{"class":228},[53,1042,1043],{"class":232},"blue",[53,1045,229],{"class":228},[53,1047,85],{"class":66},[53,1049,1050,1053,1055,1058,1060,1062],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,1051,1052],{"class":59},"new_colors ",[53,1054,31],{"class":63},[53,1056,1057],{"class":59}," colors",[53,1059,99],{"class":66},[53,1061,103],{"class":102},[53,1063,106],{"class":66},[53,1065,1066],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,1067,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,1069,1070,1072,1074,1077],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,1071,145],{"class":144},[53,1073,127],{"class":66},[53,1075,1076],{"class":102},"new_colors",[53,1078,133],{"class":66},[20,1080,1081],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[44,1083,1085],{"className":46,"code":1084,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,1086,1087,1111,1122,1126],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1088,1089,1091,1093,1095,1097,1099,1101,1103,1105,1107,1109],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,1090,1025],{"class":59},[53,1092,31],{"class":63},[53,1094,67],{"class":66},[53,1096,229],{"class":228},[53,1098,1034],{"class":232},[53,1100,229],{"class":228},[53,1102,74],{"class":66},[53,1104,240],{"class":228},[53,1106,1043],{"class":232},[53,1108,229],{"class":228},[53,1110,85],{"class":66},[53,1112,1113,1116,1118,1120],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,1114,1115],{"class":59},"colors",[53,1117,99],{"class":66},[53,1119,103],{"class":102},[53,1121,106],{"class":66},[53,1123,1124],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,1125,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,1127,1128,1130,1132,1134],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,1129,145],{"class":144},[53,1131,127],{"class":66},[53,1133,1115],{"class":102},[53,1135,133],{"class":66},[20,1137,1138,1139,1141],{},"In the second example, ",[15,1140,17],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[39,1143,1145,1146],{"id":1144},"when-to-use-listcopy","When to use ",[15,1147,24],{},[20,1149,174,1150,1152],{},[15,1151,24],{}," when:",[194,1154,1155,1158,1161,1164],{},[197,1156,1157],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[197,1159,1160],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[197,1162,1163],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[197,1165,1166,1167],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,1168,1169],{},"[:]",[20,1171,211],{},[44,1173,1175],{"className":46,"code":1174,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,1176,1177,1201,1217,1221,1237,1241,1251],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1178,1179,1182,1184,1186,1189,1191,1194,1196,1199],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,1180,1181],{"class":59},"scores ",[53,1183,31],{"class":63},[53,1185,67],{"class":66},[53,1187,1188],{"class":70},"10",[53,1190,74],{"class":66},[53,1192,1193],{"class":70}," 20",[53,1195,74],{"class":66},[53,1197,1198],{"class":70}," 30",[53,1200,85],{"class":66},[53,1202,1203,1206,1208,1211,1213,1215],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,1204,1205],{"class":59},"backup_scores ",[53,1207,31],{"class":63},[53,1209,1210],{"class":59}," scores",[53,1212,99],{"class":66},[53,1214,103],{"class":102},[53,1216,106],{"class":66},[53,1218,1219],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,1220,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,1222,1223,1226,1228,1230,1232,1235],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,1224,1225],{"class":59},"scores",[53,1227,99],{"class":66},[53,1229,124],{"class":102},[53,1231,127],{"class":66},[53,1233,1234],{"class":70},"40",[53,1236,133],{"class":66},[53,1238,1239],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,1240,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,1242,1243,1245,1247,1249],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,1244,145],{"class":144},[53,1246,127],{"class":66},[53,1248,1225],{"class":102},[53,1250,133],{"class":66},[53,1252,1253,1255,1257,1260],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,1254,145],{"class":144},[53,1256,127],{"class":66},[53,1258,1259],{"class":102},"backup_scores",[53,1261,133],{"class":66},[20,1263,301],{},[44,1265,1267],{"className":46,"code":1266,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,1268,1269,1290],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1270,1271,1273,1275,1277,1279,1281,1283,1285,1288],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,1272,311],{"class":66},[53,1274,1188],{"class":70},[53,1276,74],{"class":66},[53,1278,1193],{"class":70},[53,1280,74],{"class":66},[53,1282,1198],{"class":70},[53,1284,74],{"class":66},[53,1286,1287],{"class":70}," 40",[53,1289,85],{"class":66},[53,1291,1292,1294,1296,1298,1300,1302,1304],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,1293,311],{"class":66},[53,1295,1188],{"class":70},[53,1297,74],{"class":66},[53,1299,1193],{"class":70},[53,1301,74],{"class":66},[53,1303,1198],{"class":70},[53,1305,85],{"class":66},[20,1307,1308,1309,99],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[758,1310,1312,1313,1316],{"href":1311},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F","Python list ",[15,1314,1315],{},"append()"," method",[39,1318,1320],{"id":1319},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[20,1322,1323,1324,99],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,1325,24],{},[1327,1328,485,1330,1332],"h3",{"id":1329},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,1331,31],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,1334,1335],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[44,1337,1339],{"className":46,"code":1338,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,1340,1341,1362,1372,1387,1391],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1342,1343,1346,1348,1350,1352,1354,1356,1358,1360],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,1344,1345],{"class":59},"a ",[53,1347,31],{"class":63},[53,1349,67],{"class":66},[53,1351,71],{"class":70},[53,1353,74],{"class":66},[53,1355,77],{"class":70},[53,1357,74],{"class":66},[53,1359,82],{"class":70},[53,1361,85],{"class":66},[53,1363,1364,1367,1369],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,1365,1366],{"class":59},"b ",[53,1368,31],{"class":63},[53,1370,1371],{"class":59}," a\n",[53,1373,1374,1377,1379,1381,1383,1385],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,1375,1376],{"class":59},"b",[53,1378,99],{"class":66},[53,1380,124],{"class":102},[53,1382,127],{"class":66},[53,1384,130],{"class":70},[53,1386,133],{"class":66},[53,1388,1389],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,1390,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,1392,1393,1395,1397,1399,1401],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,1394,145],{"class":144},[53,1396,127],{"class":66},[53,1398,758],{"class":102},[53,1400,153],{"class":66},[53,1402,171],{"class":156},[20,1404,1405,1406,1408],{},"Fix: use ",[15,1407,17],{}," instead.",[44,1410,1412],{"className":46,"code":1411,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,1413,1414,1434,1449,1463,1467],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1415,1416,1418,1420,1422,1424,1426,1428,1430,1432],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,1417,1345],{"class":59},[53,1419,31],{"class":63},[53,1421,67],{"class":66},[53,1423,71],{"class":70},[53,1425,74],{"class":66},[53,1427,77],{"class":70},[53,1429,74],{"class":66},[53,1431,82],{"class":70},[53,1433,85],{"class":66},[53,1435,1436,1438,1440,1443,1445,1447],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,1437,1366],{"class":59},[53,1439,31],{"class":63},[53,1441,1442],{"class":59}," a",[53,1444,99],{"class":66},[53,1446,103],{"class":102},[53,1448,106],{"class":66},[53,1450,1451,1453,1455,1457,1459,1461],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,1452,1376],{"class":59},[53,1454,99],{"class":66},[53,1456,124],{"class":102},[53,1458,127],{"class":66},[53,1460,130],{"class":70},[53,1462,133],{"class":66},[53,1464,1465],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,1466,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,1468,1469,1471,1473,1475,1477],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,1470,145],{"class":144},[53,1472,127],{"class":66},[53,1474,758],{"class":102},[53,1476,153],{"class":66},[53,1478,1479],{"class":156},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[1327,1481,1483],{"id":1482},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[44,1485,1487],{"className":46,"code":1486,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,1488,1489,1509],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1490,1491,1493,1495,1497,1499,1501,1503,1505,1507],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,1492,60],{"class":59},[53,1494,31],{"class":63},[53,1496,67],{"class":66},[53,1498,71],{"class":70},[53,1500,74],{"class":66},[53,1502,77],{"class":70},[53,1504,74],{"class":66},[53,1506,82],{"class":70},[53,1508,85],{"class":66},[53,1510,1511,1513,1515,1517],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,1512,150],{"class":59},[53,1514,99],{"class":66},[53,1516,103],{"class":102},[53,1518,106],{"class":66},[20,1520,1521],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,1523,1524],{},"Fix:",[44,1526,1528],{"className":46,"code":1527,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,1529,1530,1550],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1531,1532,1534,1536,1538,1540,1542,1544,1546,1548],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,1533,60],{"class":59},[53,1535,31],{"class":63},[53,1537,67],{"class":66},[53,1539,71],{"class":70},[53,1541,74],{"class":66},[53,1543,77],{"class":70},[53,1545,74],{"class":66},[53,1547,82],{"class":70},[53,1549,85],{"class":66},[53,1551,1552,1554,1556,1558,1560,1562],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,1553,657],{"class":59},[53,1555,31],{"class":63},[53,1557,96],{"class":59},[53,1559,99],{"class":66},[53,1561,103],{"class":102},[53,1563,106],{"class":66},[1327,1565,1567],{"id":1566},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[44,1569,1571],{"className":46,"code":1570,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,1572,1573,1592,1606,1610,1628,1632],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1574,1575,1577,1579,1581,1583,1585,1587,1590],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,1576,1345],{"class":59},[53,1578,31],{"class":63},[53,1580,801],{"class":66},[53,1582,71],{"class":70},[53,1584,810],{"class":66},[53,1586,67],{"class":66},[53,1588,1589],{"class":70},"2",[53,1591,822],{"class":66},[53,1593,1594,1596,1598,1600,1602,1604],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,1595,1366],{"class":59},[53,1597,31],{"class":63},[53,1599,1442],{"class":59},[53,1601,99],{"class":66},[53,1603,103],{"class":102},[53,1605,106],{"class":66},[53,1607,1608],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,1609,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,1611,1612,1614,1616,1618,1620,1622,1624,1626],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,1613,1376],{"class":59},[53,1615,311],{"class":66},[53,1617,852],{"class":70},[53,1619,855],{"class":66},[53,1621,124],{"class":102},[53,1623,127],{"class":66},[53,1625,862],{"class":70},[53,1627,133],{"class":66},[53,1629,1630],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,1631,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,1633,1634,1636,1638,1640,1642],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,1635,145],{"class":144},[53,1637,127],{"class":66},[53,1639,758],{"class":102},[53,1641,153],{"class":66},[53,1643,1644],{"class":156},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,1646,1647,1648,1650],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,1649,24],{}," is shallow.",[1327,1652,1654,1655,1657],{"id":1653},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type","Trying to use ",[15,1656,17],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,1659,1660,1662],{},[15,1661,17],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[44,1664,1666],{"className":46,"code":1665,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,1667,1668,1683],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1669,1670,1673,1675,1677,1680],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,1671,1672],{"class":59},"name ",[53,1674,31],{"class":63},[53,1676,240],{"class":228},[53,1678,1679],{"class":232},"Alice",[53,1681,1682],{"class":228},"\"\n",[53,1684,1685],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,1686,1687],{"class":156},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,1689,1690],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[44,1692,1694],{"className":46,"code":1693,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(name))\n",[15,1695,1696],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1697,1698,1700,1702,1706,1708,1711],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,1699,145],{"class":144},[53,1701,127],{"class":66},[53,1703,1705],{"class":1704},"sZMiF","type",[53,1707,127],{"class":66},[53,1709,1710],{"class":102},"name",[53,1712,1713],{"class":66},"))\n",[20,1715,1716,1717,1721],{},"You can also review ",[758,1718,1720],{"href":1719},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[39,1723,1725],{"id":1724},"faq","FAQ",[1327,1727,1729,1730,1732],{"id":1728},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list","Does ",[15,1731,24],{}," change the original list?",[20,1734,1735],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[1327,1737,1739,1740,960,1742,1744],{"id":1738},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and","What is the difference between ",[15,1741,24],{},[15,1743,31],{},"?",[20,1746,1747,1749,1750,1752],{},[15,1748,17],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,1751,31],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[1327,1754,1756,1757,1759],{"id":1755},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[15,1758,24],{}," a deep copy?",[20,1761,1762],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[1327,1764,1766],{"id":1765},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,1768,1769,1770,1773],{},"Yes. ",[15,1771,1772],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[1327,1775,1756,1777,1779,1780,1744],{"id":1776},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,1778,24],{}," the same as ",[15,1781,1169],{},[20,1783,1784],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[39,1786,1788],{"id":1787},"see-also","See also",[194,1790,1791,1797,1801,1806,1812],{},[197,1792,1793],{},[758,1794,1796],{"href":1795},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to copy a list in Python",[197,1798,1799],{},[758,1800,761],{"href":760},[197,1802,1803],{},[758,1804,1805],{"href":1719},"Creating a list in Python",[197,1807,1808],{},[758,1809,1312,1810,1316],{"href":1311},[15,1811,1315],{},[197,1813,1814],{},[758,1815,994],{"href":993},[1817,1818,1819],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":1821},[1822,1823,1825,1826,1828,1829,1830,1832,1840,1851],{"id":41,"depth":88,"text":42},{"id":183,"depth":88,"text":1824},"What list.copy() does",{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372},{"id":479,"depth":88,"text":1827},"Why not use =",{"id":764,"depth":88,"text":765},{"id":997,"depth":88,"text":998},{"id":1144,"depth":88,"text":1831},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":1319,"depth":88,"text":1320,"children":1833},[1834,1836,1837,1838],{"id":1329,"depth":109,"text":1835},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":1482,"depth":109,"text":1483},{"id":1566,"depth":109,"text":1567},{"id":1653,"depth":109,"text":1839},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":1841},[1842,1844,1846,1848,1849],{"id":1728,"depth":109,"text":1843},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":1738,"depth":109,"text":1845},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":1755,"depth":109,"text":1847},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":1765,"depth":109,"text":1766},{"id":1776,"depth":109,"text":1850},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":5,"description":1852},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",[1860,3455,5160,6859,8997,11199,12714,14873,17078,19534,21373,23939,26037,28319,30267,32178,34174,35614,37440,39962,42121,43350,44720,46368,48689,50533,52513,54201,55451,56993,58744,60716,62466,64566,65926,67877,69440,71431,73226,75126,77568,79646,82286,84315,86278,88466,90470,92783,94465,95910,97104,98282,100122,102562,104266,106281,107805,109050,110213,111595,113666,115563,117337,119203,121322,123062,124524,126118,128041,129718,131653,133142,135926,137503,139062,141090,143042,144505,145694,147580,148991,150687,152241,153663,155066,156964,159358,161189],{"id":1861,"title":1862,"body":1863,"description":3449,"extension":1853,"meta":3450,"navigation":112,"path":3451,"seo":3452,"stem":3453,"__hash__":3454},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":1864,"toc":3421},[1865,1868,1875,1878,1889,1892,1894,1958,1960,1980,1985,1989,1994,1996,2011,2014,2040,2043,2045,2047,2063,2066,2093,2095,2155,2157,2172,2182,2193,2197,2200,2253,2255,2275,2278,2302,2309,2313,2318,2324,2326,2363,2365,2374,2380,2397,2400,2412,2416,2421,2425,2428,2448,2450,2507,2509,2517,2520,2524,2556,2558,2566,2569,2573,2578,2626,2628,2636,2640,2700,2702,2710,2713,2717,2721,2724,2747,2756,2772,2823,2825,2840,2851,2855,2858,2887,2894,2898,2903,2944,2946,2957,2960,3003,3005,3013,3017,3022,3044,3046,3055,3064,3068,3073,3095,3097,3167,3169,3219,3222,3225,3228,3307,3309,3340,3342,3346,3349,3353,3356,3360,3363,3367,3379,3383,3386,3388,3418],[10,1866,1862],{"id":1867},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,1869,1870,1871,1874],{},"The ",[15,1872,1873],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,1876,1877],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[194,1879,1880,1883,1886],{},[197,1881,1882],{},"a number without its negative sign",[197,1884,1885],{},"the distance between two numbers",[197,1887,1888],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,1890,1891],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[39,1893,42],{"id":41},[44,1895,1897],{"className":46,"code":1896,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,1898,1899,1918,1933],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1900,1901,1903,1905,1908,1910,1913,1916],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,1902,145],{"class":144},[53,1904,127],{"class":66},[53,1906,1907],{"class":144},"abs",[53,1909,127],{"class":66},[53,1911,1912],{"class":63},"-",[53,1914,1915],{"class":70},"7",[53,1917,1713],{"class":66},[53,1919,1920,1922,1924,1926,1928,1931],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,1921,145],{"class":144},[53,1923,127],{"class":66},[53,1925,1907],{"class":144},[53,1927,127],{"class":66},[53,1929,1930],{"class":70},"3.5",[53,1932,1713],{"class":66},[53,1934,1935,1937,1939,1941,1943,1945,1947,1950,1952,1956],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,1936,145],{"class":144},[53,1938,127],{"class":66},[53,1940,1907],{"class":144},[53,1942,127],{"class":66},[53,1944,1912],{"class":63},[53,1946,1589],{"class":70},[53,1948,1949],{"class":63},"+",[53,1951,815],{"class":70},[53,1953,1955],{"class":1954},"sbsja","j",[53,1957,1713],{"class":66},[20,1959,301],{},[44,1961,1963],{"className":46,"code":1962,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,1964,1965,1970,1975],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1966,1967],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,1968,1969],{"class":70},"7\n",[53,1971,1972],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,1973,1974],{"class":70},"3.5\n",[53,1976,1977],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,1978,1979],{"class":70},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,1981,174,1982,1984],{},[15,1983,1873],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[39,1986,1988],{"id":1987},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,1990,1991,1993],{},[15,1992,1873],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,1995,775],{},[194,1997,1998,2001,2004],{},[197,1999,2000],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[197,2002,2003],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[197,2005,2006,2008,2009],{},[15,2007,852],{}," stays ",[15,2010,852],{},[20,2012,2013],{},"Examples:",[194,2015,2016,2025,2033],{},[197,2017,2018,2021,2022],{},[15,2019,2020],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,2023,2024],{},"5",[197,2026,2027,2021,2030],{},[15,2028,2029],{},"abs(9)",[15,2031,2032],{},"9",[197,2034,2035,2021,2038],{},[15,2036,2037],{},"abs(0)",[15,2039,852],{},[20,2041,2042],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[39,2044,372],{"id":371},[20,2046,375],{},[44,2048,2050],{"className":46,"code":2049,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"abs(x)\n",[15,2051,2052],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2053,2054,2056,2058,2061],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2055,1907],{"class":144},[53,2057,127],{"class":66},[53,2059,2060],{"class":102},"x",[53,2062,133],{"class":66},[20,2064,2065],{},"Here:",[194,2067,2068,2085,2090],{},[197,2069,2070,2072,2073,2076,2077,2080,2081,2084],{},[15,2071,2060],{}," is usually an ",[15,2074,2075],{},"int",", ",[15,2078,2079],{},"float",", or ",[15,2082,2083],{},"complex"," number",[197,2086,2087,2089],{},[15,2088,1873],{}," returns a new value",[197,2091,2092],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,2094,211],{},[44,2096,2098],{"className":46,"code":2097,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,2099,2100,2113,2130,2134,2144],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2101,2102,2105,2107,2110],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2103,2104],{"class":59},"number ",[53,2106,31],{"class":63},[53,2108,2109],{"class":63}," -",[53,2111,2112],{"class":70},"12\n",[53,2114,2115,2118,2120,2123,2125,2128],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,2116,2117],{"class":59},"result ",[53,2119,31],{"class":63},[53,2121,2122],{"class":144}," abs",[53,2124,127],{"class":66},[53,2126,2127],{"class":102},"number",[53,2129,133],{"class":66},[53,2131,2132],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,2133,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,2135,2136,2138,2140,2142],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,2137,145],{"class":144},[53,2139,127],{"class":66},[53,2141,2127],{"class":102},[53,2143,133],{"class":66},[53,2145,2146,2148,2150,2153],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,2147,145],{"class":144},[53,2149,127],{"class":66},[53,2151,2152],{"class":102},"result",[53,2154,133],{"class":66},[20,2156,301],{},[44,2158,2160],{"className":46,"code":2159,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"-12\n12\n",[15,2161,2162,2168],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2163,2164,2166],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2165,1912],{"class":63},[53,2167,2112],{"class":70},[53,2169,2170],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,2171,2112],{"class":70},[20,2173,2174,2175,2177,2178,2181],{},"Notice that ",[15,2176,2127],{}," is still ",[15,2179,2180],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,2183,2184,2185,2192],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[758,2186,2188,2191],{"href":2187},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,2189,2190],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[39,2194,2196],{"id":2195},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,2198,2199],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[44,2201,2203],{"className":46,"code":2202,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,2204,2205,2221,2236],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2206,2207,2209,2211,2213,2215,2217,2219],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2208,145],{"class":144},[53,2210,127],{"class":66},[53,2212,1907],{"class":144},[53,2214,127],{"class":66},[53,2216,1912],{"class":63},[53,2218,1188],{"class":70},[53,2220,1713],{"class":66},[53,2222,2223,2225,2227,2229,2231,2234],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,2224,145],{"class":144},[53,2226,127],{"class":66},[53,2228,1907],{"class":144},[53,2230,127],{"class":66},[53,2232,2233],{"class":70},"8",[53,2235,1713],{"class":66},[53,2237,2238,2240,2242,2244,2246,2248,2251],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,2239,145],{"class":144},[53,2241,127],{"class":66},[53,2243,1907],{"class":144},[53,2245,127],{"class":66},[53,2247,1912],{"class":63},[53,2249,2250],{"class":70},"4.2",[53,2252,1713],{"class":66},[20,2254,301],{},[44,2256,2258],{"className":46,"code":2257,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,2259,2260,2265,2270],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2261,2262],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2263,2264],{"class":70},"10\n",[53,2266,2267],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,2268,2269],{"class":70},"8\n",[53,2271,2272],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,2273,2274],{"class":70},"4.2\n",[20,2276,2277],{},"What each line does:",[194,2279,2280,2288,2295],{},[197,2281,2282,2285,2286],{},[15,2283,2284],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[15,2287,1188],{},[197,2289,2290,2285,2293],{},[15,2291,2292],{},"abs(8)",[15,2294,2233],{},[197,2296,2297,2285,2300],{},[15,2298,2299],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,2301,2250],{},[20,2303,2304,2305,99],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[758,2306,2308],{"href":2307},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[39,2310,2312],{"id":2311},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,2314,2315,2317],{},[15,2316,1873],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,2319,2320,2321,2323],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,2322,852],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,2325,211],{},[44,2327,2329],{"className":46,"code":2328,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,2330,2331,2348],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2332,2333,2336,2338,2340,2343,2345],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2334,2335],{"class":59},"value ",[53,2337,31],{"class":63},[53,2339,82],{"class":70},[53,2341,2342],{"class":63}," +",[53,2344,597],{"class":70},[53,2346,2347],{"class":1954},"j\n",[53,2349,2350,2352,2354,2356,2358,2361],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,2351,145],{"class":144},[53,2353,127],{"class":66},[53,2355,1907],{"class":144},[53,2357,127],{"class":66},[53,2359,2360],{"class":102},"value",[53,2362,1713],{"class":66},[20,2364,301],{},[44,2366,2368],{"className":46,"code":2367,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"5.0\n",[15,2369,2370],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2371,2372],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2373,2367],{"class":70},[20,2375,2376,2377,1744],{},"Why ",[15,2378,2379],{},"5.0",[194,2381,2382,2387,2392],{},[197,2383,2384,2385],{},"the real part is ",[15,2386,815],{},[197,2388,2389,2390],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,2391,130],{},[197,2393,2394,2395],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,2396,2379],{},[20,2398,2399],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[194,2401,2402,2409],{},[197,2403,2404,2406,2407],{},[15,2405,1873],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,2408,2079],{},[197,2410,2411],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[39,2413,2415],{"id":2414},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,2417,2418,2419,99],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,2420,1873],{},[1327,2422,2424],{"id":2423},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,2426,2427],{},"A very common pattern is:",[44,2429,2431],{"className":46,"code":2430,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,2432,2433],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2434,2435,2437,2439,2441,2443,2446],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2436,1907],{"class":144},[53,2438,127],{"class":66},[53,2440,1345],{"class":102},[53,2442,1912],{"class":63},[53,2444,2445],{"class":102}," b",[53,2447,133],{"class":66},[20,2449,211],{},[44,2451,2453],{"className":46,"code":2452,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,2454,2455,2464,2473,2477,2496],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2456,2457,2459,2461],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2458,1345],{"class":59},[53,2460,31],{"class":63},[53,2462,2463],{"class":70}," 3\n",[53,2465,2466,2468,2470],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,2467,1366],{"class":59},[53,2469,31],{"class":63},[53,2471,2472],{"class":70}," 10\n",[53,2474,2475],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,2476,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,2478,2479,2482,2484,2486,2488,2490,2492,2494],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,2480,2481],{"class":59},"distance ",[53,2483,31],{"class":63},[53,2485,2122],{"class":144},[53,2487,127],{"class":66},[53,2489,1345],{"class":102},[53,2491,1912],{"class":63},[53,2493,2445],{"class":102},[53,2495,133],{"class":66},[53,2497,2498,2500,2502,2505],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,2499,145],{"class":144},[53,2501,127],{"class":66},[53,2503,2504],{"class":102},"distance",[53,2506,133],{"class":66},[20,2508,301],{},[44,2510,2511],{"className":46,"code":1969,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,2512,2513],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2514,2515],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2516,1969],{"class":70},[20,2518,2519],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[1327,2521,2523],{"id":2522},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[44,2525,2527],{"className":46,"code":2526,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,2528,2529,2541],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2530,2531,2534,2536,2538],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2532,2533],{"class":59},"temperature_change ",[53,2535,31],{"class":63},[53,2537,2109],{"class":63},[53,2539,2540],{"class":70},"6\n",[53,2542,2543,2545,2547,2549,2551,2554],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,2544,145],{"class":144},[53,2546,127],{"class":66},[53,2548,1907],{"class":144},[53,2550,127],{"class":66},[53,2552,2553],{"class":102},"temperature_change",[53,2555,1713],{"class":66},[20,2557,301],{},[44,2559,2560],{"className":46,"code":2540,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,2561,2562],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2563,2564],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2565,2540],{"class":70},[20,2567,2568],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[1327,2570,2572],{"id":2571},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,2574,2575,2576,2192],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,2577,1873],{},[44,2579,2581],{"className":46,"code":2580,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,2582,2583,2595,2611,2615],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2584,2585,2588,2590,2592],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2586,2587],{"class":59},"balance_change ",[53,2589,31],{"class":63},[53,2591,2109],{"class":63},[53,2593,2594],{"class":70},"25\n",[53,2596,2597,2600,2602,2604,2606,2609],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,2598,2599],{"class":59},"safe_value ",[53,2601,31],{"class":63},[53,2603,2122],{"class":144},[53,2605,127],{"class":66},[53,2607,2608],{"class":102},"balance_change",[53,2610,133],{"class":66},[53,2612,2613],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,2614,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,2616,2617,2619,2621,2624],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,2618,145],{"class":144},[53,2620,127],{"class":66},[53,2622,2623],{"class":102},"safe_value",[53,2625,133],{"class":66},[20,2627,301],{},[44,2629,2630],{"className":46,"code":2594,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,2631,2632],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2633,2634],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2635,2594],{"class":70},[1327,2637,2639],{"id":2638},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[44,2641,2643],{"className":46,"code":2642,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,2644,2645,2655,2665,2669,2689],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2646,2647,2650,2652],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2648,2649],{"class":59},"guess ",[53,2651,31],{"class":63},[53,2653,2654],{"class":70}," 42\n",[53,2656,2657,2660,2662],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,2658,2659],{"class":59},"target ",[53,2661,31],{"class":63},[53,2663,2664],{"class":70}," 50\n",[53,2666,2667],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,2668,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,2670,2671,2674,2676,2678,2680,2682,2684,2687],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,2672,2673],{"class":59},"difference ",[53,2675,31],{"class":63},[53,2677,2122],{"class":144},[53,2679,127],{"class":66},[53,2681,2649],{"class":102},[53,2683,1912],{"class":63},[53,2685,2686],{"class":102}," target",[53,2688,133],{"class":66},[53,2690,2691,2693,2695,2698],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,2692,145],{"class":144},[53,2694,127],{"class":66},[53,2696,2697],{"class":102},"difference",[53,2699,133],{"class":66},[20,2701,301],{},[44,2703,2704],{"className":46,"code":2269,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,2705,2706],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2707,2708],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2709,2269],{"class":70},[20,2711,2712],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[39,2714,2716],{"id":2715},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[1327,2718,2720],{"id":2719},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,2722,2723],{},"This causes an error:",[44,2725,2727],{"className":46,"code":2726,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,2728,2729],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2730,2731,2733,2735,2737,2739,2741,2743,2745],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2732,145],{"class":144},[53,2734,127],{"class":66},[53,2736,1907],{"class":144},[53,2738,127],{"class":66},[53,2740,229],{"class":228},[53,2742,2024],{"class":232},[53,2744,229],{"class":228},[53,2746,1713],{"class":66},[20,2748,2749,2752,2753,2755],{},[15,2750,2751],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,2754,1873],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,2757,2758,2759,2765,2766,192],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[758,2760,2762],{"href":2761},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,2763,2764],{},"int()"," or ",[758,2767,2769],{"href":2768},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,2770,2771],{},"float()",[44,2773,2775],{"className":46,"code":2774,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,2776,2777,2800],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2778,2779,2781,2783,2785,2787,2789,2791,2793,2795,2797],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2780,145],{"class":144},[53,2782,127],{"class":66},[53,2784,1907],{"class":144},[53,2786,127],{"class":66},[53,2788,2075],{"class":1704},[53,2790,127],{"class":66},[53,2792,229],{"class":228},[53,2794,2024],{"class":232},[53,2796,229],{"class":228},[53,2798,2799],{"class":66},")))\n",[53,2801,2802,2804,2806,2808,2810,2812,2814,2816,2819,2821],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,2803,145],{"class":144},[53,2805,127],{"class":66},[53,2807,1907],{"class":144},[53,2809,127],{"class":66},[53,2811,2079],{"class":1704},[53,2813,127],{"class":66},[53,2815,229],{"class":228},[53,2817,2818],{"class":232},"-3.2",[53,2820,229],{"class":228},[53,2822,2799],{"class":66},[20,2824,301],{},[44,2826,2828],{"className":46,"code":2827,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"5\n3.2\n",[15,2829,2830,2835],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2831,2832],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2833,2834],{"class":70},"5\n",[53,2836,2837],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,2838,2839],{"class":70},"3.2\n",[20,2841,2842,2843,2846,2847,99],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,2844,2845],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[758,2848,2850],{"href":2849},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[1327,2852,2854],{"id":2853},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,2856,2857],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[44,2859,2861],{"className":46,"code":2860,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,2862,2863],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2864,2865,2867,2869,2871,2874,2876,2878,2880,2882,2884],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2866,145],{"class":144},[53,2868,127],{"class":66},[53,2870,1907],{"class":144},[53,2872,2873],{"class":66},"([",[53,2875,71],{"class":70},[53,2877,74],{"class":66},[53,2879,77],{"class":70},[53,2881,74],{"class":66},[53,2883,82],{"class":70},[53,2885,2886],{"class":66},"]))\n",[20,2888,2889,2890,2893],{},"This raises a ",[15,2891,2892],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[1327,2895,2897],{"id":2896},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,2899,2900,2902],{},[15,2901,1873],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[44,2904,2906],{"className":46,"code":2905,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2907,2908,2920,2930,2934],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2909,2910,2913,2915,2917],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2911,2912],{"class":59},"x ",[53,2914,31],{"class":63},[53,2916,2109],{"class":63},[53,2918,2919],{"class":70},"9\n",[53,2921,2922,2924,2926,2928],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,2923,1907],{"class":144},[53,2925,127],{"class":66},[53,2927,2060],{"class":102},[53,2929,133],{"class":66},[53,2931,2932],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,2933,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,2935,2936,2938,2940,2942],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,2937,145],{"class":144},[53,2939,127],{"class":66},[53,2941,2060],{"class":102},[53,2943,133],{"class":66},[20,2945,301],{},[44,2947,2949],{"className":46,"code":2948,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"-9\n",[15,2950,2951],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2952,2953,2955],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2954,1912],{"class":63},[53,2956,2919],{"class":70},[20,2958,2959],{},"If you want to store the result:",[44,2961,2963],{"className":46,"code":2962,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2964,2965,2975,2989,2993],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2966,2967,2969,2971,2973],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2968,2912],{"class":59},[53,2970,31],{"class":63},[53,2972,2109],{"class":63},[53,2974,2919],{"class":70},[53,2976,2977,2979,2981,2983,2985,2987],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,2978,2912],{"class":59},[53,2980,31],{"class":63},[53,2982,2122],{"class":144},[53,2984,127],{"class":66},[53,2986,2060],{"class":102},[53,2988,133],{"class":66},[53,2990,2991],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,2992,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,2994,2995,2997,2999,3001],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,2996,145],{"class":144},[53,2998,127],{"class":66},[53,3000,2060],{"class":102},[53,3002,133],{"class":66},[20,3004,301],{},[44,3006,3007],{"className":46,"code":2919,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,3008,3009],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3010,3011],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3012,2919],{"class":70},[1327,3014,3016],{"id":3015},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,3018,3019,3021],{},[15,3020,1873],{}," does not round numbers.",[44,3023,3025],{"className":46,"code":3024,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,3026,3027],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3028,3029,3031,3033,3035,3037,3039,3042],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3030,145],{"class":144},[53,3032,127],{"class":66},[53,3034,1907],{"class":144},[53,3036,127],{"class":66},[53,3038,1912],{"class":63},[53,3040,3041],{"class":70},"4.7",[53,3043,1713],{"class":66},[20,3045,301],{},[44,3047,3049],{"className":46,"code":3048,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"4.7\n",[15,3050,3051],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3052,3053],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3054,3048],{"class":70},[20,3056,3057,3058,3060,3061,3063],{},"If you expected ",[15,3059,2024],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,3062,1873],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[39,3065,3067],{"id":3066},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,3069,3070,3072],{},[15,3071,1873],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[194,3074,3075,3082,3089],{},[197,3076,3077,3079,3080],{},[15,3078,2075],{}," input → returns an ",[15,3081,2075],{},[197,3083,3084,3086,3087],{},[15,3085,2079],{}," input → returns a ",[15,3088,2079],{},[197,3090,3091,3086,3093],{},[15,3092,2083],{},[15,3094,2079],{},[20,3096,211],{},[44,3098,3100],{"className":46,"code":3099,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,3101,3102,3122,3143],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3103,3104,3106,3108,3110,3112,3114,3116,3118,3120],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3105,145],{"class":144},[53,3107,127],{"class":66},[53,3109,1705],{"class":1704},[53,3111,127],{"class":66},[53,3113,1907],{"class":144},[53,3115,127],{"class":66},[53,3117,1912],{"class":63},[53,3119,2024],{"class":70},[53,3121,2799],{"class":66},[53,3123,3124,3126,3128,3130,3132,3134,3136,3138,3141],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,3125,145],{"class":144},[53,3127,127],{"class":66},[53,3129,1705],{"class":1704},[53,3131,127],{"class":66},[53,3133,1907],{"class":144},[53,3135,127],{"class":66},[53,3137,1912],{"class":63},[53,3139,3140],{"class":70},"3.2",[53,3142,2799],{"class":66},[53,3144,3145,3147,3149,3151,3153,3155,3157,3159,3161,3163,3165],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,3146,145],{"class":144},[53,3148,127],{"class":66},[53,3150,1705],{"class":1704},[53,3152,127],{"class":66},[53,3154,1907],{"class":144},[53,3156,127],{"class":66},[53,3158,815],{"class":70},[53,3160,2342],{"class":63},[53,3162,597],{"class":70},[53,3164,1955],{"class":1954},[53,3166,2799],{"class":66},[20,3168,301],{},[44,3170,3172],{"className":46,"code":3171,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,3173,3174,3191,3205],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3175,3176,3179,3182,3184,3186,3188],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3177,3178],{"class":63},"\u003C",[53,3180,3181],{"class":1954},"class",[53,3183,323],{"class":228},[53,3185,2075],{"class":232},[53,3187,314],{"class":228},[53,3189,3190],{"class":63},">\n",[53,3192,3193,3195,3197,3199,3201,3203],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,3194,3178],{"class":63},[53,3196,3181],{"class":1954},[53,3198,323],{"class":228},[53,3200,2079],{"class":232},[53,3202,314],{"class":228},[53,3204,3190],{"class":63},[53,3206,3207,3209,3211,3213,3215,3217],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,3208,3178],{"class":63},[53,3210,3181],{"class":1954},[53,3212,323],{"class":228},[53,3214,2079],{"class":232},[53,3216,314],{"class":228},[53,3218,3190],{"class":63},[20,3220,3221],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,3223,3224],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,3226,3227],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[44,3229,3231],{"className":46,"code":3230,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,3232,3233,3246,3256,3270,3274,3288],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3234,3235,3237,3239,3241,3244],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3236,2335],{"class":59},[53,3238,31],{"class":63},[53,3240,240],{"class":228},[53,3242,3243],{"class":232},"-5",[53,3245,1682],{"class":228},[53,3247,3248,3250,3252,3254],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,3249,145],{"class":144},[53,3251,127],{"class":66},[53,3253,2360],{"class":102},[53,3255,133],{"class":66},[53,3257,3258,3260,3262,3264,3266,3268],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,3259,145],{"class":144},[53,3261,127],{"class":66},[53,3263,1705],{"class":1704},[53,3265,127],{"class":66},[53,3267,2360],{"class":102},[53,3269,1713],{"class":66},[53,3271,3272],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,3273,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,3275,3276,3279,3281,3283,3286],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,3277,3278],{"class":59},"user_input ",[53,3280,31],{"class":63},[53,3282,240],{"class":228},[53,3284,3285],{"class":232},"-3.7",[53,3287,1682],{"class":228},[53,3289,3290,3292,3294,3296,3298,3300,3302,3305],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,3291,145],{"class":144},[53,3293,127],{"class":66},[53,3295,1907],{"class":144},[53,3297,127],{"class":66},[53,3299,2079],{"class":1704},[53,3301,127],{"class":66},[53,3303,3304],{"class":102},"user_input",[53,3306,2799],{"class":66},[20,3308,301],{},[44,3310,3312],{"className":46,"code":3311,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,3313,3314,3320,3335],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3315,3316,3318],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3317,1912],{"class":63},[53,3319,2834],{"class":70},[53,3321,3322,3324,3326,3328,3331,3333],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,3323,3178],{"class":63},[53,3325,3181],{"class":1954},[53,3327,323],{"class":228},[53,3329,3330],{"class":232},"str",[53,3332,314],{"class":228},[53,3334,3190],{"class":63},[53,3336,3337],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,3338,3339],{"class":70},"3.7\n",[39,3341,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,3343,3345],{"id":3344},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,3347,3348],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[1327,3350,3352],{"id":3351},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,3354,3355],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[1327,3357,3359],{"id":3358},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,3361,3362],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[1327,3364,3366],{"id":3365},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,3368,3369,3371,3372,2765,3374,3376,3377,99],{},[15,3370,2845],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,3373,2764],{},[15,3375,2771],{}," before using ",[15,3378,1873],{},[1327,3380,3382],{"id":3381},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,3384,3385],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[39,3387,1788],{"id":1787},[194,3389,3390,3397,3403,3409,3414],{},[197,3391,3392],{},[758,3393,3394,3396],{"href":2761},[15,3395,2764],{}," function explained",[197,3398,3399],{},[758,3400,3401,3396],{"href":2768},[15,3402,2771],{},[197,3404,3405],{},[758,3406,3407,3396],{"href":2187},[15,3408,2190],{},[197,3410,3411],{},[758,3412,3413],{"href":2849},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[197,3415,3416],{},[758,3417,2308],{"href":2307},[1817,3419,3420],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":3422},[3423,3424,3425,3426,3427,3428,3434,3440,3441,3448],{"id":41,"depth":88,"text":42},{"id":1987,"depth":88,"text":1988},{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372},{"id":2195,"depth":88,"text":2196},{"id":2311,"depth":88,"text":2312},{"id":2414,"depth":88,"text":2415,"children":3429},[3430,3431,3432,3433],{"id":2423,"depth":109,"text":2424},{"id":2522,"depth":109,"text":2523},{"id":2571,"depth":109,"text":2572},{"id":2638,"depth":109,"text":2639},{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716,"children":3435},[3436,3437,3438,3439],{"id":2719,"depth":109,"text":2720},{"id":2853,"depth":109,"text":2854},{"id":2896,"depth":109,"text":2897},{"id":3015,"depth":109,"text":3016},{"id":3066,"depth":88,"text":3067},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":3442},[3443,3444,3445,3446,3447],{"id":3344,"depth":109,"text":3345},{"id":3351,"depth":109,"text":3352},{"id":3358,"depth":109,"text":3359},{"id":3365,"depth":109,"text":3366},{"id":3381,"depth":109,"text":3382},{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":1862,"description":3449},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3456,"title":3457,"body":3458,"description":5154,"extension":1853,"meta":5155,"navigation":112,"path":5156,"seo":5157,"stem":5158,"__hash__":5159},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3459,"toc":5118},[3460,3468,3474,3477,3494,3498,3551,3561,3566,3570,3589,3592,3609,3612,3616,3624,3641,3644,3684,3687,3694,3700,3778,3780,3811,3817,3821,3825,3864,3866,3875,3882,3886,3925,3927,3936,3946,3950,4004,4006,4014,4017,4020,4067,4069,4077,4083,4090,4095,4098,4101,4167,4169,4177,4180,4247,4249,4257,4271,4274,4285,4289,4295,4298,4300,4316,4318,4326,4329,4332,4335,4352,4355,4358,4388,4390,4403,4405,4409,4412,4427,4432,4435,4462,4469,4472,4512,4518,4524,4532,4535,4587,4594,4658,4663,4672,4675,4693,4699,4702,4844,4849,4854,4857,4868,4871,4926,4928,4936,4939,4996,4998,5006,5009,5020,5022,5029,5038,5047,5050,5057,5060,5068,5081,5083,5115],[10,3461,3463,3464,3467],{"id":3462},"python-all-function-explained","Python ",[15,3465,3466],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[20,3469,3470,3471,3473],{},"Python’s ",[15,3472,3466],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,3475,3476],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[194,3478,3479,3482,3485],{},[197,3480,3481],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[197,3483,3484],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[197,3486,3487,2285,3490,3493],{},[15,3488,3489],{},"all([])",[15,3491,3492],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[39,3495,3497],{"id":3496},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[44,3499,3501],{"className":46,"code":3500,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,3502,3503,3523,3538],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3504,3505,3507,3509,3511,3513,3515,3517,3519,3521],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3506,60],{"class":59},[53,3508,31],{"class":63},[53,3510,67],{"class":66},[53,3512,71],{"class":70},[53,3514,74],{"class":66},[53,3516,77],{"class":70},[53,3518,74],{"class":66},[53,3520,82],{"class":70},[53,3522,85],{"class":66},[53,3524,3525,3527,3529,3532,3534,3536],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,3526,2117],{"class":59},[53,3528,31],{"class":63},[53,3530,3531],{"class":144}," all",[53,3533,127],{"class":66},[53,3535,150],{"class":102},[53,3537,133],{"class":66},[53,3539,3540,3542,3544,3546,3548],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,3541,145],{"class":144},[53,3543,127],{"class":66},[53,3545,2152],{"class":102},[53,3547,153],{"class":66},[53,3549,3550],{"class":156},"  # True\n",[20,3552,3553,2285,3555,3557,3558,99],{},[15,3554,3466],{},[15,3556,3492],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,3559,3560],{},"False",[39,3562,184,3564,187],{"id":3563},"what-all-does",[15,3565,3466],{},[20,3567,3568,192],{},[15,3569,3466],{},[194,3571,3572,3575,3581,3586],{},[197,3573,3574],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[197,3576,3577,3578,3580],{},"returns ",[15,3579,3492],{}," if all items are truthy",[197,3582,3577,3583,3585],{},[15,3584,3560],{}," if any item is falsy",[197,3587,3588],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,3590,3591],{},"Basic syntax:",[44,3593,3595],{"className":46,"code":3594,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"all(iterable)\n",[15,3596,3597],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3598,3599,3602,3604,3607],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3600,3601],{"class":144},"all",[53,3603,127],{"class":66},[53,3605,3606],{"class":102},"iterable",[53,3608,133],{"class":66},[20,3610,3611],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[39,3613,3615],{"id":3614},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,3617,3618,3619,2765,3621,3623],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,3620,3492],{},[15,3622,3560],{}," in conditions.",[194,3625,3626,3634],{},[197,3627,3628,3631,3632],{},[34,3629,3630],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,3633,3492],{},[197,3635,3636,3631,3639],{},[34,3637,3638],{},"Falsy",[15,3640,3560],{},[20,3642,3643],{},"Common falsy values include:",[194,3645,3646,3650,3655,3660,3665,3669,3674,3679],{},[197,3647,3648],{},[15,3649,852],{},[197,3651,3652],{},[15,3653,3654],{},"0.0",[197,3656,3657],{},[15,3658,3659],{},"''",[197,3661,3662],{},[15,3663,3664],{},"None",[197,3666,3667],{},[15,3668,3560],{},[197,3670,3671],{},[15,3672,3673],{},"[]",[197,3675,3676],{},[15,3677,3678],{},"{}",[197,3680,3681],{},[15,3682,3683],{},"set()",[20,3685,3686],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,3688,3689,3690,99],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[758,3691,3693],{"href":3692},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,3695,3696,3697,192],{},"You can test this with ",[15,3698,3699],{},"bool()",[44,3701,3703],{"className":46,"code":3702,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,3704,3705,3743,3747],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3706,3707,3710,3712,3714,3716,3718,3721,3723,3726,3728,3730,3733,3735,3737,3741],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3708,3709],{"class":59},"values ",[53,3711,31],{"class":63},[53,3713,67],{"class":66},[53,3715,71],{"class":70},[53,3717,74],{"class":66},[53,3719,3720],{"class":70}," 0",[53,3722,74],{"class":66},[53,3724,3725],{"class":228}," ''",[53,3727,74],{"class":66},[53,3729,323],{"class":228},[53,3731,3732],{"class":232},"hello",[53,3734,314],{"class":228},[53,3736,74],{"class":66},[53,3738,3740],{"class":3739},"s39Yj"," None",[53,3742,85],{"class":66},[53,3744,3745],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,3746,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,3748,3749,3751,3753,3756,3758,3760,3762,3766,3769,3772,3775],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,3750,145],{"class":144},[53,3752,2873],{"class":66},[53,3754,3755],{"class":1704},"bool",[53,3757,127],{"class":66},[53,3759,2060],{"class":102},[53,3761,153],{"class":66},[53,3763,3765],{"class":3764},"sVHd0"," for",[53,3767,3768],{"class":102}," x ",[53,3770,3771],{"class":3764},"in",[53,3773,3774],{"class":102}," values",[53,3776,3777],{"class":66},"])\n",[20,3779,301],{},[44,3781,3783],{"className":46,"code":3782,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,3784,3785],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3786,3787,3789,3791,3793,3796,3798,3800,3802,3805,3807,3809],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3788,311],{"class":66},[53,3790,3492],{"class":3739},[53,3792,74],{"class":66},[53,3794,3795],{"class":3739}," False",[53,3797,74],{"class":66},[53,3799,3795],{"class":3739},[53,3801,74],{"class":66},[53,3803,3804],{"class":3739}," True",[53,3806,74],{"class":66},[53,3808,3795],{"class":3739},[53,3810,85],{"class":66},[20,3812,3813,3814,3816],{},"This matters because ",[15,3815,3466],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[39,3818,3820],{"id":3819},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[1327,3822,3824],{"id":3823},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[44,3826,3828],{"className":46,"code":3827,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3829,3830,3850],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3831,3832,3834,3836,3838,3840,3842,3844,3846,3848],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3833,60],{"class":59},[53,3835,31],{"class":63},[53,3837,67],{"class":66},[53,3839,71],{"class":70},[53,3841,74],{"class":66},[53,3843,77],{"class":70},[53,3845,74],{"class":66},[53,3847,82],{"class":70},[53,3849,85],{"class":66},[53,3851,3852,3854,3856,3858,3860,3862],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,3853,145],{"class":144},[53,3855,127],{"class":66},[53,3857,3601],{"class":144},[53,3859,127],{"class":66},[53,3861,150],{"class":102},[53,3863,1713],{"class":66},[20,3865,301],{},[44,3867,3869],{"className":46,"code":3868,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"True\n",[15,3870,3871],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3872,3873],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3874,3868],{"class":3739},[20,3876,3877,3878,2285,3880,99],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,3879,3466],{},[15,3881,3492],{},[1327,3883,3885],{"id":3884},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[44,3887,3889],{"className":46,"code":3888,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3890,3891,3911],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3892,3893,3895,3897,3899,3901,3903,3905,3907,3909],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3894,60],{"class":59},[53,3896,31],{"class":63},[53,3898,67],{"class":66},[53,3900,71],{"class":70},[53,3902,74],{"class":66},[53,3904,3720],{"class":70},[53,3906,74],{"class":66},[53,3908,82],{"class":70},[53,3910,85],{"class":66},[53,3912,3913,3915,3917,3919,3921,3923],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,3914,145],{"class":144},[53,3916,127],{"class":66},[53,3918,3601],{"class":144},[53,3920,127],{"class":66},[53,3922,150],{"class":102},[53,3924,1713],{"class":66},[20,3926,301],{},[44,3928,3930],{"className":46,"code":3929,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"False\n",[15,3931,3932],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3933,3934],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3935,3929],{"class":3739},[20,3937,3938,3939,3941,3942,2285,3944,99],{},"The value ",[15,3940,852],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,3943,3466],{},[15,3945,3560],{},[1327,3947,3949],{"id":3948},"example-strings","Example: strings",[44,3951,3953],{"className":46,"code":3952,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,3954,3955,3989],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3956,3957,3960,3962,3964,3966,3968,3970,3972,3974,3976,3978,3980,3982,3985,3987],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3958,3959],{"class":59},"words ",[53,3961,31],{"class":63},[53,3963,67],{"class":66},[53,3965,314],{"class":228},[53,3967,233],{"class":232},[53,3969,314],{"class":228},[53,3971,74],{"class":66},[53,3973,323],{"class":228},[53,3975,243],{"class":232},[53,3977,314],{"class":228},[53,3979,74],{"class":66},[53,3981,323],{"class":228},[53,3983,3984],{"class":232},"cherry",[53,3986,314],{"class":228},[53,3988,85],{"class":66},[53,3990,3991,3993,3995,3997,3999,4002],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,3992,145],{"class":144},[53,3994,127],{"class":66},[53,3996,3601],{"class":144},[53,3998,127],{"class":66},[53,4000,4001],{"class":102},"words",[53,4003,1713],{"class":66},[20,4005,301],{},[44,4007,4008],{"className":46,"code":3868,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,4009,4010],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4011,4012],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4013,3868],{"class":3739},[20,4015,4016],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,4018,4019],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[44,4021,4023],{"className":46,"code":4022,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4024,4025,4053],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4026,4027,4029,4031,4033,4035,4037,4039,4041,4043,4045,4047,4049,4051],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4028,3959],{"class":59},[53,4030,31],{"class":63},[53,4032,67],{"class":66},[53,4034,314],{"class":228},[53,4036,233],{"class":232},[53,4038,314],{"class":228},[53,4040,74],{"class":66},[53,4042,3725],{"class":228},[53,4044,74],{"class":66},[53,4046,323],{"class":228},[53,4048,3984],{"class":232},[53,4050,314],{"class":228},[53,4052,85],{"class":66},[53,4054,4055,4057,4059,4061,4063,4065],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,4056,145],{"class":144},[53,4058,127],{"class":66},[53,4060,3601],{"class":144},[53,4062,127],{"class":66},[53,4064,4001],{"class":102},[53,4066,1713],{"class":66},[20,4068,301],{},[44,4070,4071],{"className":46,"code":3929,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,4072,4073],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4074,4075],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4076,3929],{"class":3739},[20,4078,4079,4080,4082],{},"The empty string ",[15,4081,3659],{}," is falsy.",[39,4084,4086,4087,4089],{"id":4085},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,4088,3466],{}," works with conditions",[20,4091,4092,4094],{},[15,4093,3466],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,4096,4097],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,4099,4100],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[44,4102,4104],{"className":46,"code":4103,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4105,4106,4126,4153,4157],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4107,4108,4110,4112,4114,4116,4118,4120,4122,4124],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4109,60],{"class":59},[53,4111,31],{"class":63},[53,4113,67],{"class":66},[53,4115,71],{"class":70},[53,4117,74],{"class":66},[53,4119,77],{"class":70},[53,4121,74],{"class":66},[53,4123,82],{"class":70},[53,4125,85],{"class":66},[53,4127,4128,4130,4132,4134,4136,4138,4141,4143,4145,4147,4149,4151],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,4129,2117],{"class":59},[53,4131,31],{"class":63},[53,4133,3531],{"class":144},[53,4135,127],{"class":66},[53,4137,2912],{"class":102},[53,4139,4140],{"class":63},">",[53,4142,3720],{"class":70},[53,4144,3765],{"class":3764},[53,4146,3768],{"class":102},[53,4148,3771],{"class":3764},[53,4150,96],{"class":102},[53,4152,133],{"class":66},[53,4154,4155],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,4156,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,4158,4159,4161,4163,4165],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,4160,145],{"class":144},[53,4162,127],{"class":66},[53,4164,2152],{"class":102},[53,4166,133],{"class":66},[20,4168,301],{},[44,4170,4171],{"className":46,"code":3868,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,4172,4173],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4174,4175],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4176,3868],{"class":3739},[20,4178,4179],{},"Here is one that fails:",[44,4181,4183],{"className":46,"code":4182,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4184,4185,4207,4233,4237],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4186,4187,4189,4191,4193,4195,4197,4199,4201,4203,4205],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4188,60],{"class":59},[53,4190,31],{"class":63},[53,4192,67],{"class":66},[53,4194,71],{"class":70},[53,4196,74],{"class":66},[53,4198,2109],{"class":63},[53,4200,1589],{"class":70},[53,4202,74],{"class":66},[53,4204,82],{"class":70},[53,4206,85],{"class":66},[53,4208,4209,4211,4213,4215,4217,4219,4221,4223,4225,4227,4229,4231],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,4210,2117],{"class":59},[53,4212,31],{"class":63},[53,4214,3531],{"class":144},[53,4216,127],{"class":66},[53,4218,2912],{"class":102},[53,4220,4140],{"class":63},[53,4222,3720],{"class":70},[53,4224,3765],{"class":3764},[53,4226,3768],{"class":102},[53,4228,3771],{"class":3764},[53,4230,96],{"class":102},[53,4232,133],{"class":66},[53,4234,4235],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,4236,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,4238,4239,4241,4243,4245],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,4240,145],{"class":144},[53,4242,127],{"class":66},[53,4244,2152],{"class":102},[53,4246,133],{"class":66},[20,4248,301],{},[44,4250,4251],{"className":46,"code":3929,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,4252,4253],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4254,4255],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4256,3929],{"class":3739},[20,4258,4259,4260,4263,4264,4266,4267,2285,4269,99],{},"The expression ",[15,4261,4262],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,4265,3492],{},", then ",[15,4268,3466],{},[15,4270,3492],{},[20,4272,4273],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,4275,4276,4277,960,4281,99],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[758,4278,4280],{"href":4279},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[758,4282,4284],{"href":4283},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[39,4286,4288],{"id":4287},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,4290,4291,2285,4293,99],{},[15,4292,3489],{},[15,4294,3492],{},[20,4296,4297],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,4299,211],{},[44,4301,4303],{"className":46,"code":4302,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(all([]))\n",[15,4304,4305],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4306,4307,4309,4311,4313],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4308,145],{"class":144},[53,4310,127],{"class":66},[53,4312,3601],{"class":144},[53,4314,4315],{"class":66},"([]))\n",[20,4317,301],{},[44,4319,4320],{"className":46,"code":3868,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,4321,4322],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4323,4324],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4325,3868],{"class":3739},[20,4327,4328],{},"Why?",[20,4330,4331],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,4333,4334],{},"Think of it this way:",[194,4336,4337,4344,4347],{},[197,4338,4339,2285,4341,4343],{},[15,4340,3466],{},[15,4342,3560],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[197,4345,4346],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[197,4348,4349,4350],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,4351,3560],{},[20,4353,4354],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,4356,4357],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[44,4359,4361],{"className":46,"code":4360,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,4362,4363,4374],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4364,4365,4367,4369,4371],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4366,145],{"class":144},[53,4368,127],{"class":66},[53,4370,3601],{"class":144},[53,4372,4373],{"class":66},"(()))\n",[53,4375,4376,4378,4380,4382,4384,4386],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,4377,145],{"class":144},[53,4379,127],{"class":66},[53,4381,3601],{"class":144},[53,4383,127],{"class":66},[53,4385,3659],{"class":228},[53,4387,1713],{"class":66},[20,4389,301],{},[44,4391,4393],{"className":46,"code":4392,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"True\nTrue\n",[15,4394,4395,4399],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4396,4397],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4398,3868],{"class":3739},[53,4400,4401],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,4402,3868],{"class":3739},[39,4404,1320],{"id":1319},[1327,4406,4408],{"id":4407},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,4410,4411],{},"This is wrong:",[44,4413,4415],{"className":46,"code":4414,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,4416,4417,4422],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4418,4419],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4420,4421],{"class":156},"# Wrong\n",[53,4423,4424],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,4425,4426],{"class":156},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,4428,4429,4431],{},[15,4430,3466],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,4433,4434],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[44,4436,4438],{"className":46,"code":4437,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,4439,4440],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4441,4442,4444,4446,4448,4450,4452,4454,4456,4458,4460],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4443,145],{"class":144},[53,4445,127],{"class":66},[53,4447,3601],{"class":144},[53,4449,2873],{"class":66},[53,4451,71],{"class":70},[53,4453,74],{"class":66},[53,4455,77],{"class":70},[53,4457,74],{"class":66},[53,4459,82],{"class":70},[53,4461,2886],{"class":66},[1327,4463,4465,4466,4468],{"id":4464},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,4467,3466],{}," compares values automatically",[20,4470,4471],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[44,4473,4475],{"className":46,"code":4474,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4476,4477,4498],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4478,4479,4481,4483,4485,4487,4489,4492,4494,4496],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4480,60],{"class":59},[53,4482,31],{"class":63},[53,4484,67],{"class":66},[53,4486,2024],{"class":70},[53,4488,74],{"class":66},[53,4490,4491],{"class":70}," 5",[53,4493,74],{"class":66},[53,4495,4491],{"class":70},[53,4497,85],{"class":66},[53,4499,4500,4502,4504,4506,4508,4510],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,4501,145],{"class":144},[53,4503,127],{"class":66},[53,4505,3601],{"class":144},[53,4507,127],{"class":66},[53,4509,150],{"class":102},[53,4511,1713],{"class":66},[20,4513,4514,4515,4517],{},"This does ",[34,4516,36],{}," check whether all values are equal.",[20,4519,4520,4521,4523],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,4522,2024],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[44,4525,4526],{"className":46,"code":3868,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,4527,4528],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4529,4530],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4531,3868],{"class":3739},[20,4533,4534],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[44,4536,4538],{"className":46,"code":4537,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,4539,4540,4560],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4541,4542,4544,4546,4548,4550,4552,4554,4556,4558],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4543,60],{"class":59},[53,4545,31],{"class":63},[53,4547,67],{"class":66},[53,4549,2024],{"class":70},[53,4551,74],{"class":66},[53,4553,4491],{"class":70},[53,4555,74],{"class":66},[53,4557,4491],{"class":70},[53,4559,85],{"class":66},[53,4561,4562,4564,4566,4568,4570,4572,4575,4577,4579,4581,4583,4585],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,4563,145],{"class":144},[53,4565,127],{"class":66},[53,4567,3601],{"class":144},[53,4569,127],{"class":66},[53,4571,2912],{"class":102},[53,4573,4574],{"class":63},"==",[53,4576,4491],{"class":70},[53,4578,3765],{"class":3764},[53,4580,3768],{"class":102},[53,4582,3771],{"class":3764},[53,4584,96],{"class":102},[53,4586,1713],{"class":66},[1327,4588,4590,4591,4593],{"id":4589},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[15,4592,852],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[44,4595,4597],{"className":46,"code":4596,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,4598,4599,4625],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4600,4601,4603,4605,4607,4609,4611,4613,4615,4617,4619,4622],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4602,145],{"class":144},[53,4604,127],{"class":66},[53,4606,3601],{"class":144},[53,4608,2873],{"class":66},[53,4610,71],{"class":70},[53,4612,74],{"class":66},[53,4614,77],{"class":70},[53,4616,74],{"class":66},[53,4618,3720],{"class":70},[53,4620,4621],{"class":66},"]))",[53,4623,4624],{"class":156},"       # False\n",[53,4626,4627,4629,4631,4633,4635,4637,4639,4641,4643,4645,4647,4649,4651,4653,4655],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,4628,145],{"class":144},[53,4630,127],{"class":66},[53,4632,3601],{"class":144},[53,4634,2873],{"class":66},[53,4636,314],{"class":228},[53,4638,758],{"class":232},[53,4640,314],{"class":228},[53,4642,74],{"class":66},[53,4644,323],{"class":228},[53,4646,1376],{"class":232},[53,4648,314],{"class":228},[53,4650,74],{"class":66},[53,4652,3725],{"class":228},[53,4654,4621],{"class":66},[53,4656,4657],{"class":156},"  # False\n",[20,4659,4660,4661,99],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,4662,3560],{},[1327,4664,4666,4667,4669,4670],{"id":4665},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,4668,3489],{}," is ",[15,4671,3492],{},[20,4673,4674],{},"This is expected behavior:",[44,4676,4678],{"className":46,"code":4677,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,4679,4680],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4681,4682,4684,4686,4688,4691],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4683,145],{"class":144},[53,4685,127],{"class":66},[53,4687,3601],{"class":144},[53,4689,4690],{"class":66},"([]))",[53,4692,3550],{"class":156},[20,4694,4695,4696,4698],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,4697,3492],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,4700,4701],{},"Useful quick tests:",[44,4703,4705],{"className":46,"code":4704,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,4706,4707,4729,4751,4798,4834],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4708,4709,4711,4713,4715,4717,4719,4721,4723,4725,4727],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4710,145],{"class":144},[53,4712,127],{"class":66},[53,4714,3601],{"class":144},[53,4716,2873],{"class":66},[53,4718,71],{"class":70},[53,4720,74],{"class":66},[53,4722,77],{"class":70},[53,4724,74],{"class":66},[53,4726,82],{"class":70},[53,4728,2886],{"class":66},[53,4730,4731,4733,4735,4737,4739,4741,4743,4745,4747,4749],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,4732,145],{"class":144},[53,4734,127],{"class":66},[53,4736,3601],{"class":144},[53,4738,2873],{"class":66},[53,4740,71],{"class":70},[53,4742,74],{"class":66},[53,4744,3720],{"class":70},[53,4746,74],{"class":66},[53,4748,82],{"class":70},[53,4750,2886],{"class":66},[53,4752,4753,4755,4757,4759,4761,4763,4765,4767,4769,4771,4773,4775,4777,4779,4781,4783,4785,4787,4789,4791,4793,4795],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,4754,145],{"class":144},[53,4756,2873],{"class":66},[53,4758,3755],{"class":1704},[53,4760,127],{"class":66},[53,4762,2060],{"class":102},[53,4764,153],{"class":66},[53,4766,3765],{"class":3764},[53,4768,3768],{"class":102},[53,4770,3771],{"class":3764},[53,4772,67],{"class":66},[53,4774,71],{"class":70},[53,4776,74],{"class":66},[53,4778,3720],{"class":70},[53,4780,74],{"class":66},[53,4782,3725],{"class":228},[53,4784,74],{"class":66},[53,4786,323],{"class":228},[53,4788,3732],{"class":232},[53,4790,314],{"class":228},[53,4792,74],{"class":66},[53,4794,3740],{"class":3739},[53,4796,4797],{"class":66},"]])\n",[53,4799,4800,4802,4804,4806,4808,4810,4812,4814,4816,4818,4820,4822,4824,4826,4828,4830,4832],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,4801,145],{"class":144},[53,4803,127],{"class":66},[53,4805,3601],{"class":144},[53,4807,127],{"class":66},[53,4809,2912],{"class":102},[53,4811,4140],{"class":63},[53,4813,3720],{"class":70},[53,4815,3765],{"class":3764},[53,4817,3768],{"class":102},[53,4819,3771],{"class":3764},[53,4821,67],{"class":66},[53,4823,71],{"class":70},[53,4825,74],{"class":66},[53,4827,77],{"class":70},[53,4829,74],{"class":66},[53,4831,82],{"class":70},[53,4833,2886],{"class":66},[53,4835,4836,4838,4840,4842],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,4837,145],{"class":144},[53,4839,127],{"class":66},[53,4841,3601],{"class":144},[53,4843,4315],{"class":66},[39,4845,1145,4847],{"id":4846},"when-to-use-all",[15,4848,3466],{},[20,4850,4851,4853],{},[15,4852,3466],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,4855,4856],{},"Common use cases:",[194,4858,4859,4862,4865],{},[197,4860,4861],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[197,4863,4864],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[197,4866,4867],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,4869,4870],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[44,4872,4874],{"className":46,"code":4873,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,4875,4876,4911],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4877,4878,4881,4883,4885,4887,4889,4891,4893,4895,4898,4900,4902,4904,4907,4909],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4879,4880],{"class":59},"names ",[53,4882,31],{"class":63},[53,4884,67],{"class":66},[53,4886,314],{"class":228},[53,4888,1679],{"class":232},[53,4890,314],{"class":228},[53,4892,74],{"class":66},[53,4894,323],{"class":228},[53,4896,4897],{"class":232},"Bob",[53,4899,314],{"class":228},[53,4901,74],{"class":66},[53,4903,323],{"class":228},[53,4905,4906],{"class":232},"Charlie",[53,4908,314],{"class":228},[53,4910,85],{"class":66},[53,4912,4913,4915,4917,4919,4921,4924],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,4914,145],{"class":144},[53,4916,127],{"class":66},[53,4918,3601],{"class":144},[53,4920,127],{"class":66},[53,4922,4923],{"class":102},"names",[53,4925,1713],{"class":66},[20,4927,301],{},[44,4929,4930],{"className":46,"code":3868,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,4931,4932],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4933,4934],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4935,3868],{"class":3739},[20,4937,4938],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[44,4940,4942],{"className":46,"code":4941,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,4943,4944,4967],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4945,4946,4948,4950,4952,4955,4957,4960,4962,4965],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4947,1181],{"class":59},[53,4949,31],{"class":63},[53,4951,67],{"class":66},[53,4953,4954],{"class":70},"75",[53,4956,74],{"class":66},[53,4958,4959],{"class":70}," 80",[53,4961,74],{"class":66},[53,4963,4964],{"class":70}," 50",[53,4966,85],{"class":66},[53,4968,4969,4971,4973,4975,4977,4980,4983,4985,4987,4990,4992,4994],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,4970,145],{"class":144},[53,4972,127],{"class":66},[53,4974,3601],{"class":144},[53,4976,127],{"class":66},[53,4978,4979],{"class":102},"score ",[53,4981,4982],{"class":63},">=",[53,4984,4964],{"class":70},[53,4986,3765],{"class":3764},[53,4988,4989],{"class":102}," score ",[53,4991,3771],{"class":3764},[53,4993,1210],{"class":102},[53,4995,1713],{"class":66},[20,4997,301],{},[44,4999,5000],{"className":46,"code":3868,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,5001,5002],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5003,5004],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5005,3868],{"class":3739},[20,5007,5008],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,5010,5011,5012,960,5016,99],{},"For related tasks, see ",[758,5013,5015],{"href":5014},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[758,5017,5019],{"href":5018},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[39,5021,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,5023,5025,5026,5028],{"id":5024},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[15,5027,3466],{}," return in Python?",[20,5030,5031,5032,5034,5035,5037],{},"It returns ",[15,5033,3492],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,5036,3560],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[1327,5039,5041,5042,5044,5045,1744],{"id":5040},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[15,5043,3489],{}," return ",[15,5046,3492],{},[20,5048,5049],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[1327,5051,5053,5054,5056],{"id":5052},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[15,5055,3466],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,5058,5059],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[1327,5061,1739,5063,960,5065,1744],{"id":5062},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any",[15,5064,3466],{},[15,5066,5067],{},"any()",[20,5069,5070,5072,5073,5075,5076,99],{},[15,5071,3466],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,5074,5067],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[758,5077,3463,5079,3396],{"href":5078},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,5080,5067],{},[39,5082,1788],{"id":1787},[194,5084,5085,5091,5095,5100,5105,5110],{},[197,5086,5087],{},[758,5088,3463,5089,3396],{"href":5078},[15,5090,5067],{},[197,5092,5093],{},[758,5094,3693],{"href":3692},[197,5096,5097],{},[758,5098,5099],{"href":5018},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[197,5101,5102],{},[758,5103,5104],{"href":5014},"How to filter a list in Python",[197,5106,5107],{},[758,5108,5109],{"href":4279},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[197,5111,5112],{},[758,5113,5114],{"href":4283},"What is an iterable in Python",[1817,5116,5117],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":5119},[5120,5121,5123,5124,5129,5131,5132,5141,5143,5153],{"id":3496,"depth":88,"text":3497},{"id":3563,"depth":88,"text":5122},"What all() does",{"id":3614,"depth":88,"text":3615},{"id":3819,"depth":88,"text":3820,"children":5125},[5126,5127,5128],{"id":3823,"depth":109,"text":3824},{"id":3884,"depth":109,"text":3885},{"id":3948,"depth":109,"text":3949},{"id":4085,"depth":88,"text":5130},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4287,"depth":88,"text":4288},{"id":1319,"depth":88,"text":1320,"children":5133},[5134,5135,5137,5139],{"id":4407,"depth":109,"text":4408},{"id":4464,"depth":109,"text":5136},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4589,"depth":109,"text":5138},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4665,"depth":109,"text":5140},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":4846,"depth":88,"text":5142},"When to use all()",{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":5144},[5145,5147,5149,5151],{"id":5024,"depth":109,"text":5146},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5040,"depth":109,"text":5148},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5052,"depth":109,"text":5150},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5062,"depth":109,"text":5152},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3457,"description":5154},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5161,"title":5162,"body":5163,"description":6854,"extension":1853,"meta":6855,"navigation":112,"path":5078,"seo":6856,"stem":6857,"__hash__":6858},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5164,"toc":6832},[5165,5168,5176,5179,5196,5204,5248,5257,5261,5266,5269,5286,5289,5300,5312,5316,5319,5334,5339,5342,5354,5357,5442,5445,5466,5472,5474,5482,5496,5498,5532,5534,5537,5598,5600,5617,5620,5647,5649,5657,5669,5673,5676,5715,5717,5725,5727,5743,5751,5754,5797,5799,5807,5812,5816,5824,5827,5854,5857,5860,5934,5936,5944,5951,5975,5986,5989,6068,6070,6078,6085,6089,6094,6109,6111,6119,6122,6128,6131,6177,6179,6196,6200,6205,6216,6219,6333,6336,6395,6401,6403,6408,6412,6414,6433,6439,6442,6461,6465,6474,6501,6503,6511,6518,6522,6528,6551,6553,6561,6568,6572,6575,6626,6629,6680,6683,6685,6689,6696,6700,6707,6711,6719,6723,6726,6748,6750,6800,6802,6829],[10,5166,5162],{"id":5167},"python-any-function-explained",[20,5169,5170,5172,5173,99],{},[15,5171,5067],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[34,5174,5175],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,5177,5178],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[194,5180,5181,5184,5187,5190,5193],{},[197,5182,5183],{},"lists",[197,5185,5186],{},"tuples",[197,5188,5189],{},"sets",[197,5191,5192],{},"strings",[197,5194,5195],{},"generator expressions",[20,5197,5198,5199,2765,5201,5203],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,5200,3492],{},[15,5202,3560],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[44,5205,5207],{"className":46,"code":5206,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,5208,5209,5229],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5210,5211,5213,5215,5217,5219,5221,5223,5225,5227],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5212,3709],{"class":59},[53,5214,31],{"class":63},[53,5216,67],{"class":66},[53,5218,852],{"class":70},[53,5220,74],{"class":66},[53,5222,3725],{"class":228},[53,5224,74],{"class":66},[53,5226,4491],{"class":70},[53,5228,85],{"class":66},[53,5230,5231,5233,5235,5238,5240,5243,5246],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,5232,145],{"class":144},[53,5234,127],{"class":66},[53,5236,5237],{"class":144},"any",[53,5239,127],{"class":66},[53,5241,5242],{"class":102},"values",[53,5244,5245],{"class":66},"))",[53,5247,3550],{"class":156},[20,5249,174,5250,5253,5254,5256],{},[15,5251,5252],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,5255,3492],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[39,5258,5260],{"id":5259},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,5262,5263,5265],{},[15,5264,5067],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,5267,5268],{},"It returns:",[194,5270,5271,5276,5281],{},[197,5272,5273,5275],{},[15,5274,3492],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[197,5277,5278,5280],{},[15,5279,3560],{}," if all items are falsy",[197,5282,5283,5285],{},[15,5284,3560],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,5287,5288],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[194,5290,5291,5294,5297],{},[197,5292,5293],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[197,5295,5296],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[197,5298,5299],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,5301,5302,5303,5306,5307,99],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[34,5304,5305],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[758,5308,5310],{"href":5309},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,5311,3466],{},[39,5313,5315],{"id":5314},"syntax","Syntax",[20,5317,5318],{},"The syntax is simple:",[44,5320,5322],{"className":46,"code":5321,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"any(iterable)\n",[15,5323,5324],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5325,5326,5328,5330,5332],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5327,5237],{"class":144},[53,5329,127],{"class":66},[53,5331,3606],{"class":102},[53,5333,133],{"class":66},[20,5335,5336,5337,99],{},"The argument must be an ",[34,5338,3606],{},[20,5340,5341],{},"Common inputs include:",[194,5343,5344,5346,5348,5350,5352],{},[197,5345,5183],{},[197,5347,5186],{},[197,5349,5189],{},[197,5351,5192],{},[197,5353,5195],{},[20,5355,5356],{},"For example:",[44,5358,5360],{"className":46,"code":5359,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,5361,5362,5385,5404,5424],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5363,5364,5366,5368,5370,5372,5374,5376,5378,5380,5383],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5365,145],{"class":144},[53,5367,127],{"class":66},[53,5369,5237],{"class":144},[53,5371,2873],{"class":66},[53,5373,852],{"class":70},[53,5375,74],{"class":66},[53,5377,3720],{"class":70},[53,5379,74],{"class":66},[53,5381,5382],{"class":70}," 1",[53,5384,2886],{"class":66},[53,5386,5387,5389,5391,5393,5396,5398,5400,5402],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,5388,145],{"class":144},[53,5390,127],{"class":66},[53,5392,5237],{"class":144},[53,5394,5395],{"class":66},"((",[53,5397,3560],{"class":3739},[53,5399,74],{"class":66},[53,5401,3795],{"class":3739},[53,5403,2799],{"class":66},[53,5405,5406,5408,5410,5412,5415,5417,5419,5421],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,5407,145],{"class":144},[53,5409,127],{"class":66},[53,5411,5237],{"class":144},[53,5413,5414],{"class":66},"({",[53,5416,852],{"class":70},[53,5418,74],{"class":66},[53,5420,77],{"class":70},[53,5422,5423],{"class":66},"}))\n",[53,5425,5426,5428,5430,5432,5434,5436,5438,5440],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,5427,145],{"class":144},[53,5429,127],{"class":66},[53,5431,5237],{"class":144},[53,5433,127],{"class":66},[53,5435,229],{"class":228},[53,5437,3732],{"class":232},[53,5439,229],{"class":228},[53,5441,1713],{"class":66},[20,5443,5444],{},"Expected output:",[44,5446,5448],{"className":46,"code":5447,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5449,5450,5454,5458,5462],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5451,5452],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5453,3868],{"class":3739},[53,5455,5456],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,5457,3929],{"class":3739},[53,5459,5460],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,5461,3868],{"class":3739},[53,5463,5464],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,5465,3868],{"class":3739},[20,5467,5468,5469,99],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[758,5470,5019],{"href":5471},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[39,5473,3615],{"id":3614},[20,5475,3618,5476,2765,5479,3623],{},[34,5477,5478],{},"truthy",[34,5480,5481],{},"falsy",[194,5483,5484,5490],{},[197,5485,5486,3631,5488],{},[34,5487,3630],{},[15,5489,3492],{},[197,5491,5492,3631,5494],{},[34,5493,3638],{},[15,5495,3560],{},[20,5497,3643],{},[194,5499,5500,5504,5508,5512,5516,5520,5524,5528],{},[197,5501,5502],{},[15,5503,3560],{},[197,5505,5506],{},[15,5507,852],{},[197,5509,5510],{},[15,5511,3654],{},[197,5513,5514],{},[15,5515,3659],{},[197,5517,5518],{},[15,5519,3673],{},[197,5521,5522],{},[15,5523,3678],{},[197,5525,5526],{},[15,5527,3683],{},[197,5529,5530],{},[15,5531,3664],{},[20,5533,3686],{},[20,5535,5536],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[44,5538,5540],{"className":46,"code":5539,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,5541,5542,5556,5574],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5543,5544,5546,5548,5550,5552,5554],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5545,145],{"class":144},[53,5547,127],{"class":66},[53,5549,5237],{"class":144},[53,5551,2873],{"class":66},[53,5553,71],{"class":70},[53,5555,2886],{"class":66},[53,5557,5558,5560,5562,5564,5566,5568,5570,5572],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,5559,145],{"class":144},[53,5561,127],{"class":66},[53,5563,5237],{"class":144},[53,5565,2873],{"class":66},[53,5567,314],{"class":228},[53,5569,3732],{"class":232},[53,5571,314],{"class":228},[53,5573,2886],{"class":66},[53,5575,5576,5578,5580,5582,5585,5587,5589,5591,5593,5595],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,5577,145],{"class":144},[53,5579,127],{"class":66},[53,5581,5237],{"class":144},[53,5583,5584],{"class":66},"([[",[53,5586,71],{"class":70},[53,5588,74],{"class":66},[53,5590,77],{"class":70},[53,5592,74],{"class":66},[53,5594,82],{"class":70},[53,5596,5597],{"class":66},"]]))\n",[20,5599,5444],{},[44,5601,5603],{"className":46,"code":5602,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5604,5605,5609,5613],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5606,5607],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5608,3868],{"class":3739},[53,5610,5611],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,5612,3868],{"class":3739},[53,5614,5615],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,5616,3868],{"class":3739},[20,5618,5619],{},"And these are all falsy:",[44,5621,5623],{"className":46,"code":5622,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,5624,5625],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5626,5627,5629,5631,5633,5635,5637,5639,5641,5643,5645],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5628,145],{"class":144},[53,5630,127],{"class":66},[53,5632,5237],{"class":144},[53,5634,2873],{"class":66},[53,5636,852],{"class":70},[53,5638,74],{"class":66},[53,5640,3725],{"class":228},[53,5642,74],{"class":66},[53,5644,3740],{"class":3739},[53,5646,2886],{"class":66},[20,5648,5444],{},[44,5650,5651],{"className":46,"code":3929,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,5652,5653],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5654,5655],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5656,3929],{"class":3739},[20,5658,5659,5660,960,5663,99],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[758,5661,3693],{"href":5662},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[758,5664,5666,5668],{"href":5665},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,5667,3699],{}," explained",[39,5670,5672],{"id":5671},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,5674,5675],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[44,5677,5679],{"className":46,"code":5678,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5680,5681,5701],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5682,5683,5685,5687,5689,5691,5693,5695,5697,5699],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5684,3709],{"class":59},[53,5686,31],{"class":63},[53,5688,67],{"class":66},[53,5690,852],{"class":70},[53,5692,74],{"class":66},[53,5694,3725],{"class":228},[53,5696,74],{"class":66},[53,5698,4491],{"class":70},[53,5700,85],{"class":66},[53,5702,5703,5705,5707,5709,5711,5713],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,5704,145],{"class":144},[53,5706,127],{"class":66},[53,5708,5237],{"class":144},[53,5710,127],{"class":66},[53,5712,5242],{"class":102},[53,5714,1713],{"class":66},[20,5716,301],{},[44,5718,5719],{"className":46,"code":3868,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,5720,5721],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5722,5723],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5724,3868],{"class":3739},[20,5726,4328],{},[194,5728,5729,5734,5738],{},[197,5730,5731,5733],{},[15,5732,852],{}," is falsy",[197,5735,5736,5733],{},[15,5737,3659],{},[197,5739,5740,5742],{},[15,5741,2024],{}," is truthy",[20,5744,5745,5746,2285,5749,99],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,5747,5748],{},"any(values)",[15,5750,3492],{},[20,5752,5753],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[44,5755,5757],{"className":46,"code":5756,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5758,5759,5783],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5760,5761,5763,5765,5767,5769,5771,5773,5775,5777,5779,5781],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5762,3709],{"class":59},[53,5764,31],{"class":63},[53,5766,67],{"class":66},[53,5768,852],{"class":70},[53,5770,74],{"class":66},[53,5772,3725],{"class":228},[53,5774,74],{"class":66},[53,5776,3740],{"class":3739},[53,5778,74],{"class":66},[53,5780,3795],{"class":3739},[53,5782,85],{"class":66},[53,5784,5785,5787,5789,5791,5793,5795],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,5786,145],{"class":144},[53,5788,127],{"class":66},[53,5790,5237],{"class":144},[53,5792,127],{"class":66},[53,5794,5242],{"class":102},[53,5796,1713],{"class":66},[20,5798,301],{},[44,5800,5801],{"className":46,"code":3929,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,5802,5803],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5804,5805],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5806,3929],{"class":3739},[20,5808,5809,5810,99],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,5811,3560],{},[39,5813,5815],{"id":5814},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,5817,5818,5820,5821,99],{},[15,5819,5067],{}," is often used with a ",[34,5822,5823],{},"generator expression",[20,5825,5826],{},"This is a common pattern:",[44,5828,5830],{"className":46,"code":5829,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,5831,5832],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5833,5834,5836,5838,5841,5844,5847,5849,5852],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5835,5237],{"class":144},[53,5837,127],{"class":66},[53,5839,5840],{"class":102},"condition ",[53,5842,5843],{"class":3764},"for",[53,5845,5846],{"class":102}," item ",[53,5848,3771],{"class":3764},[53,5850,5851],{"class":102}," items",[53,5853,133],{"class":66},[20,5855,5856],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,5858,5859],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[44,5861,5863],{"className":46,"code":5862,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,5864,5865,5893,5897,5924],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5866,5867,5869,5871,5873,5875,5877,5880,5882,5884,5886,5888,5891],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5868,60],{"class":59},[53,5870,31],{"class":63},[53,5872,67],{"class":66},[53,5874,130],{"class":70},[53,5876,74],{"class":66},[53,5878,5879],{"class":70}," 7",[53,5881,74],{"class":66},[53,5883,2109],{"class":63},[53,5885,1589],{"class":70},[53,5887,74],{"class":66},[53,5889,5890],{"class":70}," 10",[53,5892,85],{"class":66},[53,5894,5895],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,5896,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,5898,5899,5901,5903,5906,5908,5910,5912,5914,5916,5918,5920,5922],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,5900,2117],{"class":59},[53,5902,31],{"class":63},[53,5904,5905],{"class":144}," any",[53,5907,127],{"class":66},[53,5909,2912],{"class":102},[53,5911,3178],{"class":63},[53,5913,3720],{"class":70},[53,5915,3765],{"class":3764},[53,5917,3768],{"class":102},[53,5919,3771],{"class":3764},[53,5921,96],{"class":102},[53,5923,133],{"class":66},[53,5925,5926,5928,5930,5932],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,5927,145],{"class":144},[53,5929,127],{"class":66},[53,5931,2152],{"class":102},[53,5933,133],{"class":66},[20,5935,301],{},[44,5937,5938],{"className":46,"code":3868,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,5939,5940],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5941,5942],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5943,3868],{"class":3739},[20,5945,5946,5947,5950],{},"This works because ",[15,5948,5949],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[194,5952,5953,5961,5968],{},[197,5954,5955,5958,5959],{},[15,5956,5957],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,5960,3560],{},[197,5962,5963,5958,5966],{},[15,5964,5965],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,5967,3560],{},[197,5969,5970,5958,5973],{},[15,5971,5972],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,5974,3492],{},[20,5976,5977,5978,5980,5981,5983,5984,99],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,5979,3492],{}," result, ",[15,5982,5067],{}," can return ",[15,5985,3492],{},[20,5987,5988],{},"Here is another example:",[44,5990,5992],{"className":46,"code":5991,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,5993,5994,6023,6027,6057],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5995,5996,5998,6000,6002,6004,6006,6008,6010,6013,6015,6017,6019,6021],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5997,3959],{"class":59},[53,5999,31],{"class":63},[53,6001,67],{"class":66},[53,6003,229],{"class":228},[53,6005,233],{"class":232},[53,6007,229],{"class":228},[53,6009,74],{"class":66},[53,6011,6012],{"class":228}," \"\"",[53,6014,74],{"class":66},[53,6016,240],{"class":228},[53,6018,243],{"class":232},[53,6020,229],{"class":228},[53,6022,85],{"class":66},[53,6024,6025],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,6026,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,6028,6029,6032,6034,6036,6038,6041,6043,6045,6047,6050,6052,6055],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,6030,6031],{"class":59},"has_empty_string ",[53,6033,31],{"class":63},[53,6035,5905],{"class":144},[53,6037,127],{"class":66},[53,6039,6040],{"class":102},"word ",[53,6042,4574],{"class":63},[53,6044,6012],{"class":228},[53,6046,3765],{"class":3764},[53,6048,6049],{"class":102}," word ",[53,6051,3771],{"class":3764},[53,6053,6054],{"class":102}," words",[53,6056,133],{"class":66},[53,6058,6059,6061,6063,6066],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,6060,145],{"class":144},[53,6062,127],{"class":66},[53,6064,6065],{"class":102},"has_empty_string",[53,6067,133],{"class":66},[20,6069,301],{},[44,6071,6072],{"className":46,"code":3868,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,6073,6074],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6075,6076],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6077,3868],{"class":3739},[20,6079,6080,6081,99],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[758,6082,6084],{"href":6083},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[39,6086,6088],{"id":6087},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,6090,6091,6092,192],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,6093,3560],{},[44,6095,6097],{"className":46,"code":6096,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(any([]))\n",[15,6098,6099],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6100,6101,6103,6105,6107],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6102,145],{"class":144},[53,6104,127],{"class":66},[53,6106,5237],{"class":144},[53,6108,4315],{"class":66},[20,6110,301],{},[44,6112,6113],{"className":46,"code":3929,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,6114,6115],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6116,6117],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6118,3929],{"class":3739},[20,6120,6121],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,6123,6124,6125,6127],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,6126,5067],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,6129,6130],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[44,6132,6134],{"className":46,"code":6133,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,6135,6136,6146,6161],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6137,6138,6140,6142,6144],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6139,145],{"class":144},[53,6141,127],{"class":66},[53,6143,5237],{"class":144},[53,6145,4373],{"class":66},[53,6147,6148,6150,6152,6154,6156,6159],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,6149,145],{"class":144},[53,6151,127],{"class":66},[53,6153,5237],{"class":144},[53,6155,127],{"class":66},[53,6157,6158],{"class":228},"\"\"",[53,6160,1713],{"class":66},[53,6162,6163,6165,6167,6169,6171,6174],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,6164,145],{"class":144},[53,6166,127],{"class":66},[53,6168,5237],{"class":144},[53,6170,127],{"class":66},[53,6172,6173],{"class":1704},"set",[53,6175,6176],{"class":66},"()))\n",[20,6178,301],{},[44,6180,6182],{"className":46,"code":6181,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,6183,6184,6188,6192],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6185,6186],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6187,3929],{"class":3739},[53,6189,6190],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,6191,3929],{"class":3739},[53,6193,6194],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,6195,3929],{"class":3739},[39,6197,6199],{"id":6198},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,6201,174,6202,6204],{},[15,6203,5067],{}," when you want to:",[194,6206,6207,6210,6213],{},[197,6208,6209],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[197,6211,6212],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[197,6214,6215],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,6217,6218],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[44,6220,6222],{"className":46,"code":6221,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,6223,6224,6249,6253,6263,6267,6281,6300,6310,6316,6321],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6225,6226,6228,6230,6232,6234,6236,6238,6240,6242,6244,6247],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6227,60],{"class":59},[53,6229,31],{"class":63},[53,6231,67],{"class":66},[53,6233,71],{"class":70},[53,6235,74],{"class":66},[53,6237,82],{"class":70},[53,6239,74],{"class":66},[53,6241,4491],{"class":70},[53,6243,74],{"class":66},[53,6245,6246],{"class":70}," 8",[53,6248,85],{"class":66},[53,6250,6251],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,6252,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,6254,6255,6258,6260],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,6256,6257],{"class":59},"found_even ",[53,6259,31],{"class":63},[53,6261,6262],{"class":3739}," False\n",[53,6264,6265],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,6266,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,6268,6269,6271,6274,6276,6278],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,6270,5843],{"class":3764},[53,6272,6273],{"class":59}," number ",[53,6275,3771],{"class":3764},[53,6277,96],{"class":59},[53,6279,6280],{"class":66},":\n",[53,6282,6283,6286,6288,6291,6293,6296,6298],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,6284,6285],{"class":3764},"    if",[53,6287,6273],{"class":59},[53,6289,6290],{"class":63},"%",[53,6292,77],{"class":70},[53,6294,6295],{"class":63}," ==",[53,6297,3720],{"class":70},[53,6299,6280],{"class":66},[53,6301,6302,6305,6307],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,6303,6304],{"class":59},"        found_even ",[53,6306,31],{"class":63},[53,6308,6309],{"class":3739}," True\n",[53,6311,6313],{"class":55,"line":6312},8,[53,6314,6315],{"class":3764},"        break\n",[53,6317,6319],{"class":55,"line":6318},9,[53,6320,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,6322,6324,6326,6328,6331],{"class":55,"line":6323},10,[53,6325,145],{"class":144},[53,6327,127],{"class":66},[53,6329,6330],{"class":102},"found_even",[53,6332,133],{"class":66},[20,6334,6335],{},"You can write:",[44,6337,6339],{"className":46,"code":6338,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,6340,6341,6365],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6342,6343,6345,6347,6349,6351,6353,6355,6357,6359,6361,6363],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6344,60],{"class":59},[53,6346,31],{"class":63},[53,6348,67],{"class":66},[53,6350,71],{"class":70},[53,6352,74],{"class":66},[53,6354,82],{"class":70},[53,6356,74],{"class":66},[53,6358,4491],{"class":70},[53,6360,74],{"class":66},[53,6362,6246],{"class":70},[53,6364,85],{"class":66},[53,6366,6367,6369,6371,6373,6375,6377,6379,6381,6383,6385,6387,6389,6391,6393],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,6368,145],{"class":144},[53,6370,127],{"class":66},[53,6372,5237],{"class":144},[53,6374,127],{"class":66},[53,6376,2104],{"class":102},[53,6378,6290],{"class":63},[53,6380,77],{"class":70},[53,6382,6295],{"class":63},[53,6384,3720],{"class":70},[53,6386,3765],{"class":3764},[53,6388,6273],{"class":102},[53,6390,3771],{"class":3764},[53,6392,96],{"class":102},[53,6394,1713],{"class":66},[20,6396,6397,6398,6400],{},"Both work, but ",[15,6399,5067],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[39,6402,1320],{"id":1319},[20,6404,6405,6406,99],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,6407,5067],{},[1327,6409,6411],{"id":6410},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,6413,4411],{},[44,6415,6417],{"className":46,"code":6416,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(any(5))\n",[15,6418,6419],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6420,6421,6423,6425,6427,6429,6431],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6422,145],{"class":144},[53,6424,127],{"class":66},[53,6426,5237],{"class":144},[53,6428,127],{"class":66},[53,6430,2024],{"class":70},[53,6432,1713],{"class":66},[20,6434,6435,6436,6438],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,6437,2024],{}," is not iterable.",[20,6440,6441],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[44,6443,6445],{"className":46,"code":6444,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,6446,6447],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6448,6449,6451,6453,6455,6457,6459],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6450,145],{"class":144},[53,6452,127],{"class":66},[53,6454,5237],{"class":144},[53,6456,2873],{"class":66},[53,6458,2024],{"class":70},[53,6460,2886],{"class":66},[1327,6462,6464],{"id":6463},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,6466,6467,6469,6470,6473],{},[15,6468,5067],{}," needs only ",[34,6471,6472],{},"one"," truthy item.",[44,6475,6477],{"className":46,"code":6476,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,6478,6479],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6480,6481,6483,6485,6487,6489,6491,6493,6495,6497,6499],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6482,145],{"class":144},[53,6484,127],{"class":66},[53,6486,5237],{"class":144},[53,6488,2873],{"class":66},[53,6490,3560],{"class":3739},[53,6492,74],{"class":66},[53,6494,3795],{"class":3739},[53,6496,74],{"class":66},[53,6498,3804],{"class":3739},[53,6500,2886],{"class":66},[20,6502,301],{},[44,6504,6505],{"className":46,"code":3868,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,6506,6507],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6508,6509],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6510,3868],{"class":3739},[20,6512,6513,6514,1408],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[758,6515,6516],{"href":5309},[15,6517,3466],{},[1327,6519,6521],{"id":6520},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,6523,6524,6525,99],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6526,6527],{},"\"True\"",[44,6529,6531],{"className":46,"code":6530,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6532,6533],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6534,6535,6537,6539,6541,6543,6545,6547,6549],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6536,145],{"class":144},[53,6538,127],{"class":66},[53,6540,5237],{"class":144},[53,6542,2873],{"class":66},[53,6544,229],{"class":228},[53,6546,3560],{"class":232},[53,6548,229],{"class":228},[53,6550,2886],{"class":66},[20,6552,301],{},[44,6554,6555],{"className":46,"code":3868,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,6556,6557],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6558,6559],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6560,3868],{"class":3739},[20,6562,6563,6564,6567],{},"That is because ",[15,6565,6566],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[1327,6569,6571],{"id":6570},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,6573,6574],{},"This works:",[44,6576,6578],{"className":46,"code":6577,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,6579,6580,6600],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6581,6582,6584,6586,6588,6590,6592,6594,6596,6598],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6583,60],{"class":59},[53,6585,31],{"class":63},[53,6587,67],{"class":66},[53,6589,71],{"class":70},[53,6591,74],{"class":66},[53,6593,77],{"class":70},[53,6595,74],{"class":66},[53,6597,82],{"class":70},[53,6599,85],{"class":66},[53,6601,6602,6604,6606,6608,6610,6612,6614,6616,6618,6620,6622,6624],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,6603,145],{"class":144},[53,6605,127],{"class":66},[53,6607,5237],{"class":144},[53,6609,2873],{"class":66},[53,6611,2912],{"class":102},[53,6613,4140],{"class":63},[53,6615,77],{"class":70},[53,6617,3765],{"class":3764},[53,6619,3768],{"class":102},[53,6621,3771],{"class":3764},[53,6623,96],{"class":102},[53,6625,2886],{"class":66},[20,6627,6628],{},"But this is usually better:",[44,6630,6632],{"className":46,"code":6631,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,6633,6634,6654],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6635,6636,6638,6640,6642,6644,6646,6648,6650,6652],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6637,60],{"class":59},[53,6639,31],{"class":63},[53,6641,67],{"class":66},[53,6643,71],{"class":70},[53,6645,74],{"class":66},[53,6647,77],{"class":70},[53,6649,74],{"class":66},[53,6651,82],{"class":70},[53,6653,85],{"class":66},[53,6655,6656,6658,6660,6662,6664,6666,6668,6670,6672,6674,6676,6678],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,6657,145],{"class":144},[53,6659,127],{"class":66},[53,6661,5237],{"class":144},[53,6663,127],{"class":66},[53,6665,2912],{"class":102},[53,6667,4140],{"class":63},[53,6669,77],{"class":70},[53,6671,3765],{"class":3764},[53,6673,3768],{"class":102},[53,6675,3771],{"class":3764},[53,6677,96],{"class":102},[53,6679,1713],{"class":66},[20,6681,6682],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[39,6684,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,6686,6688],{"id":6687},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,6690,5031,6691,6693,6694,99],{},[15,6692,3492],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,6695,3560],{},[1327,6697,6699],{"id":6698},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,6701,6702,2285,6704,6706],{},[15,6703,5067],{},[15,6705,3560],{}," for an empty iterable.",[1327,6708,6710],{"id":6709},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,6712,6713,6715,6716,6718],{},[15,6714,5067],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,6717,3466],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[1327,6720,6722],{"id":6721},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,6724,6725],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[44,6727,6728],{"className":46,"code":5829,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,6729,6730],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6731,6732,6734,6736,6738,6740,6742,6744,6746],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6733,5237],{"class":144},[53,6735,127],{"class":66},[53,6737,5840],{"class":102},[53,6739,5843],{"class":3764},[53,6741,5846],{"class":102},[53,6743,3771],{"class":3764},[53,6745,5851],{"class":102},[53,6747,133],{"class":66},[20,6749,5356],{},[44,6751,6752],{"className":46,"code":6631,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,6753,6754,6774],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6755,6756,6758,6760,6762,6764,6766,6768,6770,6772],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6757,60],{"class":59},[53,6759,31],{"class":63},[53,6761,67],{"class":66},[53,6763,71],{"class":70},[53,6765,74],{"class":66},[53,6767,77],{"class":70},[53,6769,74],{"class":66},[53,6771,82],{"class":70},[53,6773,85],{"class":66},[53,6775,6776,6778,6780,6782,6784,6786,6788,6790,6792,6794,6796,6798],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,6777,145],{"class":144},[53,6779,127],{"class":66},[53,6781,5237],{"class":144},[53,6783,127],{"class":66},[53,6785,2912],{"class":102},[53,6787,4140],{"class":63},[53,6789,77],{"class":70},[53,6791,3765],{"class":3764},[53,6793,3768],{"class":102},[53,6795,3771],{"class":3764},[53,6797,96],{"class":102},[53,6799,1713],{"class":66},[39,6801,1788],{"id":1787},[194,6803,6804,6810,6814,6818,6823],{},[197,6805,6806],{},[758,6807,6808,3396],{"href":5309},[15,6809,3466],{},[197,6811,6812],{},[758,6813,3693],{"href":5662},[197,6815,6816],{},[758,6817,5099],{"href":5471},[197,6819,6820],{},[758,6821,6822],{"href":6083},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[197,6824,6825],{},[758,6826,6827,3396],{"href":5665},[15,6828,3699],{},[1817,6830,6831],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":6833},[6834,6835,6836,6837,6838,6839,6840,6841,6847,6853],{"id":5259,"depth":88,"text":5260},{"id":5314,"depth":88,"text":5315},{"id":3614,"depth":88,"text":3615},{"id":5671,"depth":88,"text":5672},{"id":5814,"depth":88,"text":5815},{"id":6087,"depth":88,"text":6088},{"id":6198,"depth":88,"text":6199},{"id":1319,"depth":88,"text":1320,"children":6842},[6843,6844,6845,6846],{"id":6410,"depth":109,"text":6411},{"id":6463,"depth":109,"text":6464},{"id":6520,"depth":109,"text":6521},{"id":6570,"depth":109,"text":6571},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":6848},[6849,6850,6851,6852],{"id":6687,"depth":109,"text":6688},{"id":6698,"depth":109,"text":6699},{"id":6709,"depth":109,"text":6710},{"id":6721,"depth":109,"text":6722},{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5162,"description":6854},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":6860,"title":6861,"body":6862,"description":8991,"extension":1853,"meta":8992,"navigation":112,"path":8993,"seo":8994,"stem":8995,"__hash__":8996},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":6863,"toc":8954},[6864,6867,6876,6886,6888,6985,6987,7016,7032,7036,7041,7044,7054,7060,7066,7082,7084,7092,7099,7103,7106,7121,7126,7144,7149,7151,7199,7201,7218,7222,7228,7231,7266,7268,7374,7376,7413,7417,7425,7427,7447,7449,7569,7571,7600,7603,7626,7628,7636,7644,7648,7654,7658,7699,7701,7709,7712,7739,7741,7749,7753,7781,7783,7791,7823,7825,7833,7837,7888,7890,7898,7906,7910,7913,7966,7968,7989,7996,8000,8006,8009,8017,8039,8041,8049,8057,8080,8082,8090,8095,8100,8112,8114,8155,8166,8170,8179,8182,8185,8244,8247,8299,8302,8307,8323,8329,8331,8336,8345,8348,8370,8372,8380,8385,8388,8423,8425,8433,8437,8442,8480,8492,8495,8549,8557,8561,8564,8586,8595,8598,8639,8641,8664,8670,8676,8691,8693,8713,8716,8735,8737,8756,8760,8766,8845,8848,8862,8869,8871,8875,8882,8886,8890,8894,8899,8903,8908,8912,8919,8921,8951],[10,6865,6861],{"id":6866},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,6868,1870,6869,6871,6872,2765,6874,99],{},[15,6870,3699],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,6873,3492],{},[15,6875,3560],{},[20,6877,6878,6879,6881,6882,6885],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,6880,3699],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,6883,6884],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[39,6887,3497],{"id":3496},[44,6889,6891],{"className":46,"code":6890,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,6892,6893,6907,6921,6935,6953,6963],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6894,6895,6897,6899,6901,6903,6905],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6896,145],{"class":144},[53,6898,127],{"class":66},[53,6900,3755],{"class":1704},[53,6902,127],{"class":66},[53,6904,852],{"class":70},[53,6906,1713],{"class":66},[53,6908,6909,6911,6913,6915,6917,6919],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,6910,145],{"class":144},[53,6912,127],{"class":66},[53,6914,3755],{"class":1704},[53,6916,127],{"class":66},[53,6918,71],{"class":70},[53,6920,1713],{"class":66},[53,6922,6923,6925,6927,6929,6931,6933],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,6924,145],{"class":144},[53,6926,127],{"class":66},[53,6928,3755],{"class":1704},[53,6930,127],{"class":66},[53,6932,6158],{"class":228},[53,6934,1713],{"class":66},[53,6936,6937,6939,6941,6943,6945,6947,6949,6951],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,6938,145],{"class":144},[53,6940,127],{"class":66},[53,6942,3755],{"class":1704},[53,6944,127],{"class":66},[53,6946,229],{"class":228},[53,6948,3732],{"class":232},[53,6950,229],{"class":228},[53,6952,1713],{"class":66},[53,6954,6955,6957,6959,6961],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,6956,145],{"class":144},[53,6958,127],{"class":66},[53,6960,3755],{"class":1704},[53,6962,4315],{"class":66},[53,6964,6965,6967,6969,6971,6973,6975,6977,6979,6981,6983],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,6966,145],{"class":144},[53,6968,127],{"class":66},[53,6970,3755],{"class":1704},[53,6972,2873],{"class":66},[53,6974,71],{"class":70},[53,6976,74],{"class":66},[53,6978,77],{"class":70},[53,6980,74],{"class":66},[53,6982,82],{"class":70},[53,6984,2886],{"class":66},[20,6986,5444],{},[44,6988,6990],{"className":46,"code":6989,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,6991,6992,6996,7000,7004,7008,7012],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6993,6994],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6995,3929],{"class":3739},[53,6997,6998],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,6999,3868],{"class":3739},[53,7001,7002],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,7003,3929],{"class":3739},[53,7005,7006],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,7007,3868],{"class":3739},[53,7009,7010],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,7011,3929],{"class":3739},[53,7013,7014],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,7015,3868],{"class":3739},[20,7017,174,7018,7021,7022,2765,7024,7026,7027,7029,7030,99],{},[15,7019,7020],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,7023,3492],{},[15,7025,3560],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,7028,3560],{},". Most other values become ",[15,7031,3492],{},[39,7033,7035],{"id":7034},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,7037,7038,7040],{},[15,7039,3699],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,7042,7043],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[194,7045,7046,7050],{},[197,7047,7048],{},[15,7049,3492],{},[197,7051,7052],{},[15,7053,3560],{},[20,7055,7056,7057,7059],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,7058,6884],{}," statements.",[20,7061,7062,7063,7065],{},"You can also call ",[15,7064,3699],{}," with no argument:",[44,7067,7069],{"className":46,"code":7068,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(bool())\n",[15,7070,7071],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7072,7073,7075,7077,7079],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7074,145],{"class":144},[53,7076,127],{"class":66},[53,7078,3755],{"class":1704},[53,7080,7081],{"class":66},"())\n",[20,7083,301],{},[44,7085,7086],{"className":46,"code":3929,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,7087,7088],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7089,7090],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7091,3929],{"class":3739},[20,7093,7094,7095,99],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[758,7096,7098],{"href":7097},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[39,7100,7102],{"id":7101},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,7104,7105],{},"The basic syntax is:",[44,7107,7109],{"className":46,"code":7108,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"bool(value)\n",[15,7110,7111],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7112,7113,7115,7117,7119],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7114,3755],{"class":1704},[53,7116,127],{"class":66},[53,7118,2360],{"class":102},[53,7120,133],{"class":66},[20,7122,1870,7123,7125],{},[15,7124,2360],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[194,7127,7128,7130,7132,7134,7136,7139,7141],{},[197,7129,150],{},[197,7131,5192],{},[197,7133,5183],{},[197,7135,5186],{},[197,7137,7138],{},"dictionaries",[197,7140,5189],{},[197,7142,7143],{},"other objects",[20,7145,7146,7147,99],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,7148,3560],{},[20,7150,211],{},[44,7152,7154],{"className":46,"code":7153,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,7155,7156,7170,7189],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7157,7158,7160,7162,7164,7166,7168],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7159,145],{"class":144},[53,7161,127],{"class":66},[53,7163,3755],{"class":1704},[53,7165,127],{"class":66},[53,7167,1188],{"class":70},[53,7169,1713],{"class":66},[53,7171,7172,7174,7176,7178,7180,7182,7185,7187],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,7173,145],{"class":144},[53,7175,127],{"class":66},[53,7177,3755],{"class":1704},[53,7179,127],{"class":66},[53,7181,229],{"class":228},[53,7183,7184],{"class":232},"Python",[53,7186,229],{"class":228},[53,7188,1713],{"class":66},[53,7190,7191,7193,7195,7197],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,7192,145],{"class":144},[53,7194,127],{"class":66},[53,7196,3755],{"class":1704},[53,7198,7081],{"class":66},[20,7200,301],{},[44,7202,7204],{"className":46,"code":7203,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,7205,7206,7210,7214],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7207,7208],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7209,3868],{"class":3739},[53,7211,7212],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,7213,3868],{"class":3739},[53,7215,7216],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,7217,3929],{"class":3739},[39,7219,7221],{"id":7220},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,7223,7224,7225,7227],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[34,7226,5481],{}," values.",[20,7229,7230],{},"Common examples:",[194,7232,7233,7237,7241,7245,7249,7254,7258,7262],{},[197,7234,7235],{},[15,7236,852],{},[197,7238,7239],{},[15,7240,3654],{},[197,7242,7243],{},[15,7244,6158],{},[197,7246,7247],{},[15,7248,3673],{},[197,7250,7251],{},[15,7252,7253],{},"()",[197,7255,7256],{},[15,7257,3678],{},[197,7259,7260],{},[15,7261,3683],{},[197,7263,7264],{},[15,7265,3664],{},[20,7267,211],{},[44,7269,7271],{"className":46,"code":7270,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,7272,7273,7287,7301,7315,7325,7335,7346,7360],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7274,7275,7277,7279,7281,7283,7285],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7276,145],{"class":144},[53,7278,127],{"class":66},[53,7280,3755],{"class":1704},[53,7282,127],{"class":66},[53,7284,852],{"class":70},[53,7286,1713],{"class":66},[53,7288,7289,7291,7293,7295,7297,7299],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,7290,145],{"class":144},[53,7292,127],{"class":66},[53,7294,3755],{"class":1704},[53,7296,127],{"class":66},[53,7298,3654],{"class":70},[53,7300,1713],{"class":66},[53,7302,7303,7305,7307,7309,7311,7313],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,7304,145],{"class":144},[53,7306,127],{"class":66},[53,7308,3755],{"class":1704},[53,7310,127],{"class":66},[53,7312,6158],{"class":228},[53,7314,1713],{"class":66},[53,7316,7317,7319,7321,7323],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,7318,145],{"class":144},[53,7320,127],{"class":66},[53,7322,3755],{"class":1704},[53,7324,4315],{"class":66},[53,7326,7327,7329,7331,7333],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,7328,145],{"class":144},[53,7330,127],{"class":66},[53,7332,3755],{"class":1704},[53,7334,4373],{"class":66},[53,7336,7337,7339,7341,7343],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,7338,145],{"class":144},[53,7340,127],{"class":66},[53,7342,3755],{"class":1704},[53,7344,7345],{"class":66},"({}))\n",[53,7347,7348,7350,7352,7354,7356,7358],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,7349,145],{"class":144},[53,7351,127],{"class":66},[53,7353,3755],{"class":1704},[53,7355,127],{"class":66},[53,7357,6173],{"class":1704},[53,7359,6176],{"class":66},[53,7361,7362,7364,7366,7368,7370,7372],{"class":55,"line":6312},[53,7363,145],{"class":144},[53,7365,127],{"class":66},[53,7367,3755],{"class":1704},[53,7369,127],{"class":66},[53,7371,3664],{"class":3739},[53,7373,1713],{"class":66},[20,7375,301],{},[44,7377,7379],{"className":46,"code":7378,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,7380,7381,7385,7389,7393,7397,7401,7405,7409],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7382,7383],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7384,3929],{"class":3739},[53,7386,7387],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,7388,3929],{"class":3739},[53,7390,7391],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,7392,3929],{"class":3739},[53,7394,7395],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,7396,3929],{"class":3739},[53,7398,7399],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,7400,3929],{"class":3739},[53,7402,7403],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,7404,3929],{"class":3739},[53,7406,7407],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,7408,3929],{"class":3739},[53,7410,7411],{"class":55,"line":6312},[53,7412,3929],{"class":3739},[39,7414,7416],{"id":7415},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,7418,7419,7420,7422,7423,7227],{},"Many values become ",[15,7421,3492],{},". These are often called ",[34,7424,5478],{},[20,7426,7230],{},[194,7428,7429,7432,7435,7438,7441,7444],{},[197,7430,7431],{},"non-zero numbers",[197,7433,7434],{},"non-empty strings",[197,7436,7437],{},"non-empty lists",[197,7439,7440],{},"non-empty tuples",[197,7442,7443],{},"non-empty sets",[197,7445,7446],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,7448,211],{},[44,7450,7452],{"className":46,"code":7451,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,7453,7454,7468,7484,7502,7524,7542],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7455,7456,7458,7460,7462,7464,7466],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7457,145],{"class":144},[53,7459,127],{"class":66},[53,7461,3755],{"class":1704},[53,7463,127],{"class":66},[53,7465,2024],{"class":70},[53,7467,1713],{"class":66},[53,7469,7470,7472,7474,7476,7478,7480,7482],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,7471,145],{"class":144},[53,7473,127],{"class":66},[53,7475,3755],{"class":1704},[53,7477,127],{"class":66},[53,7479,1912],{"class":63},[53,7481,1589],{"class":70},[53,7483,1713],{"class":66},[53,7485,7486,7488,7490,7492,7494,7496,7498,7500],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,7487,145],{"class":144},[53,7489,127],{"class":66},[53,7491,3755],{"class":1704},[53,7493,127],{"class":66},[53,7495,229],{"class":228},[53,7497,3732],{"class":232},[53,7499,229],{"class":228},[53,7501,1713],{"class":66},[53,7503,7504,7506,7508,7510,7512,7514,7516,7518,7520,7522],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,7505,145],{"class":144},[53,7507,127],{"class":66},[53,7509,3755],{"class":1704},[53,7511,2873],{"class":66},[53,7513,71],{"class":70},[53,7515,74],{"class":66},[53,7517,77],{"class":70},[53,7519,74],{"class":66},[53,7521,82],{"class":70},[53,7523,2886],{"class":66},[53,7525,7526,7528,7530,7532,7534,7536,7538,7540],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,7527,145],{"class":144},[53,7529,127],{"class":66},[53,7531,3755],{"class":1704},[53,7533,5395],{"class":66},[53,7535,71],{"class":70},[53,7537,74],{"class":66},[53,7539,77],{"class":70},[53,7541,2799],{"class":66},[53,7543,7544,7546,7548,7550,7552,7554,7556,7558,7560,7562,7565,7567],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,7545,145],{"class":144},[53,7547,127],{"class":66},[53,7549,3755],{"class":1704},[53,7551,5414],{"class":66},[53,7553,229],{"class":228},[53,7555,1710],{"class":232},[53,7557,229],{"class":228},[53,7559,192],{"class":66},[53,7561,240],{"class":228},[53,7563,7564],{"class":232},"Sam",[53,7566,229],{"class":228},[53,7568,5423],{"class":66},[20,7570,301],{},[44,7572,7574],{"className":46,"code":7573,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,7575,7576,7580,7584,7588,7592,7596],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7577,7578],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7579,3868],{"class":3739},[53,7581,7582],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,7583,3868],{"class":3739},[53,7585,7586],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,7587,3868],{"class":3739},[53,7589,7590],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,7591,3868],{"class":3739},[53,7593,7594],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,7595,3868],{"class":3739},[53,7597,7598],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,7599,3868],{"class":3739},[20,7601,7602],{},"One important example is this:",[44,7604,7606],{"className":46,"code":7605,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,7607,7608],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7609,7610,7612,7614,7616,7618,7620,7622,7624],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7611,145],{"class":144},[53,7613,127],{"class":66},[53,7615,3755],{"class":1704},[53,7617,127],{"class":66},[53,7619,229],{"class":228},[53,7621,3560],{"class":232},[53,7623,229],{"class":228},[53,7625,1713],{"class":66},[20,7627,301],{},[44,7629,7630],{"className":46,"code":3868,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,7631,7632],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7633,7634],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7635,3868],{"class":3739},[20,7637,7638,7639,7641,7642,99],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,7640,6566],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,7643,3492],{},[39,7645,7647],{"id":7646},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,7649,7650,7651,7653],{},"You can use ",[15,7652,3699],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[1327,7655,7657],{"id":7656},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[44,7659,7661],{"className":46,"code":7660,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7662,7663,7684],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7664,7665,7668,7670,7672,7674,7676,7678,7680,7682],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7666,7667],{"class":59},"items ",[53,7669,31],{"class":63},[53,7671,67],{"class":66},[53,7673,1188],{"class":70},[53,7675,74],{"class":66},[53,7677,1193],{"class":70},[53,7679,74],{"class":66},[53,7681,1198],{"class":70},[53,7683,85],{"class":66},[53,7685,7686,7688,7690,7692,7694,7697],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,7687,145],{"class":144},[53,7689,127],{"class":66},[53,7691,3755],{"class":1704},[53,7693,127],{"class":66},[53,7695,7696],{"class":102},"items",[53,7698,1713],{"class":66},[20,7700,301],{},[44,7702,7703],{"className":46,"code":3868,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,7704,7705],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7706,7707],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7708,3868],{"class":3739},[20,7710,7711],{},"With an empty list:",[44,7713,7715],{"className":46,"code":7714,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7716,7717,7725],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7718,7719,7721,7723],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7720,7667],{"class":59},[53,7722,31],{"class":63},[53,7724,431],{"class":66},[53,7726,7727,7729,7731,7733,7735,7737],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,7728,145],{"class":144},[53,7730,127],{"class":66},[53,7732,3755],{"class":1704},[53,7734,127],{"class":66},[53,7736,7696],{"class":102},[53,7738,1713],{"class":66},[20,7740,301],{},[44,7742,7743],{"className":46,"code":3929,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,7744,7745],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7746,7747],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7748,3929],{"class":3739},[1327,7750,7752],{"id":7751},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[44,7754,7756],{"className":46,"code":7755,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7757,7758,7767],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7759,7760,7762,7764],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7761,1672],{"class":59},[53,7763,31],{"class":63},[53,7765,7766],{"class":228}," \"\"\n",[53,7768,7769,7771,7773,7775,7777,7779],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,7770,145],{"class":144},[53,7772,127],{"class":66},[53,7774,3755],{"class":1704},[53,7776,127],{"class":66},[53,7778,1710],{"class":102},[53,7780,1713],{"class":66},[20,7782,301],{},[44,7784,7785],{"className":46,"code":3929,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,7786,7787],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7788,7789],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7790,3929],{"class":3739},[44,7792,7794],{"className":46,"code":7793,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7795,7796,7809],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7797,7798,7800,7802,7804,7807],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7799,1672],{"class":59},[53,7801,31],{"class":63},[53,7803,240],{"class":228},[53,7805,7806],{"class":232},"Mia",[53,7808,1682],{"class":228},[53,7810,7811,7813,7815,7817,7819,7821],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,7812,145],{"class":144},[53,7814,127],{"class":66},[53,7816,3755],{"class":1704},[53,7818,127],{"class":66},[53,7820,1710],{"class":102},[53,7822,1713],{"class":66},[20,7824,301],{},[44,7826,7827],{"className":46,"code":3868,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,7828,7829],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7830,7831],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7832,3868],{"class":3739},[1327,7834,7836],{"id":7835},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[44,7838,7840],{"className":46,"code":7839,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,7841,7842,7856,7873,7877],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7843,7844,7847,7849,7851,7854],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7845,7846],{"class":59},"username ",[53,7848,31],{"class":63},[53,7850,240],{"class":228},[53,7852,7853],{"class":232},"alex",[53,7855,1682],{"class":228},[53,7857,7858,7861,7863,7866,7868,7871],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,7859,7860],{"class":59},"has_name ",[53,7862,31],{"class":63},[53,7864,7865],{"class":1704}," bool",[53,7867,127],{"class":66},[53,7869,7870],{"class":102},"username",[53,7872,133],{"class":66},[53,7874,7875],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,7876,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,7878,7879,7881,7883,7886],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,7880,145],{"class":144},[53,7882,127],{"class":66},[53,7884,7885],{"class":102},"has_name",[53,7887,133],{"class":66},[20,7889,301],{},[44,7891,7892],{"className":46,"code":3868,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,7893,7894],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7895,7896],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7897,3868],{"class":3739},[20,7899,7900,7901,2765,7903,7905],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,7902,3492],{},[15,7904,3560],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[1327,7907,7909],{"id":7908},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,7911,7912],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[44,7914,7916],{"className":46,"code":7915,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,7917,7918,7938,7942,7950],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7919,7920,7922,7924,7926,7928,7930,7932,7934,7936],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7921,60],{"class":59},[53,7923,31],{"class":63},[53,7925,67],{"class":66},[53,7927,71],{"class":70},[53,7929,74],{"class":66},[53,7931,77],{"class":70},[53,7933,74],{"class":66},[53,7935,82],{"class":70},[53,7937,85],{"class":66},[53,7939,7940],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,7941,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,7943,7944,7946,7948],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,7945,6884],{"class":3764},[53,7947,96],{"class":59},[53,7949,6280],{"class":66},[53,7951,7952,7955,7957,7959,7962,7964],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,7953,7954],{"class":144},"    print",[53,7956,127],{"class":66},[53,7958,229],{"class":228},[53,7960,7961],{"class":232},"The list is not empty",[53,7963,229],{"class":228},[53,7965,133],{"class":66},[20,7967,301],{},[44,7969,7971],{"className":46,"code":7970,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"The list is not empty\n",[15,7972,7973],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7974,7975,7977,7980,7983,7986],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7976,1870],{"class":59},[53,7978,7979],{"class":1704},"list",[53,7981,7982],{"class":63}," is",[53,7984,7985],{"class":63}," not",[53,7987,7988],{"class":59}," empty\n",[20,7990,7991,7992,99],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[758,7993,7995],{"href":7994},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[39,7997,7999],{"id":7998},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,8001,8002,8003,8005],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,8004,3699],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,8007,8008],{},"It does not do that.",[1327,8010,8012,2285,8015],{"id":8011},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,8013,8014],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,8016,3492],{},[44,8018,8019],{"className":46,"code":7605,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,8020,8021],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8022,8023,8025,8027,8029,8031,8033,8035,8037],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8024,145],{"class":144},[53,8026,127],{"class":66},[53,8028,3755],{"class":1704},[53,8030,127],{"class":66},[53,8032,229],{"class":228},[53,8034,3560],{"class":232},[53,8036,229],{"class":228},[53,8038,1713],{"class":66},[20,8040,301],{},[44,8042,8043],{"className":46,"code":3868,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,8044,8045],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8046,8047],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8048,3868],{"class":3739},[1327,8050,8052,2285,8055],{"id":8051},"bool0-returns-true",[15,8053,8054],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,8056,3492],{},[44,8058,8060],{"className":46,"code":8059,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,8061,8062],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8063,8064,8066,8068,8070,8072,8074,8076,8078],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8065,145],{"class":144},[53,8067,127],{"class":66},[53,8069,3755],{"class":1704},[53,8071,127],{"class":66},[53,8073,229],{"class":228},[53,8075,852],{"class":232},[53,8077,229],{"class":228},[53,8079,1713],{"class":66},[20,8081,301],{},[44,8083,8084],{"className":46,"code":3868,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,8085,8086],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8087,8088],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8089,3868],{"class":3739},[20,8091,8092,8093,99],{},"This happens because both values are ",[34,8094,7434],{},[20,8096,8097,8099],{},[15,8098,3699],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,8101,8102,8103,8108,8109,8111],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[758,8104,8106],{"href":8105},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,8107,2845],{},", because ",[15,8110,2845],{}," always returns a string.",[20,8113,211],{},[44,8115,8117],{"className":46,"code":8116,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,8118,8119,8140],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8120,8121,8124,8126,8129,8131,8133,8136,8138],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8122,8123],{"class":59},"user_value ",[53,8125,31],{"class":63},[53,8127,8128],{"class":144}," input",[53,8130,127],{"class":66},[53,8132,229],{"class":228},[53,8134,8135],{"class":232},"Enter True or False: ",[53,8137,229],{"class":228},[53,8139,133],{"class":66},[53,8141,8142,8144,8146,8148,8150,8153],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,8143,145],{"class":144},[53,8145,127],{"class":66},[53,8147,3755],{"class":1704},[53,8149,127],{"class":66},[53,8151,8152],{"class":102},"user_value",[53,8154,1713],{"class":66},[20,8156,8157,8158,8160,8161,8108,8163,8165],{},"If the user types ",[15,8159,3560],{},", the result will still be ",[15,8162,3492],{},[15,8164,6566],{}," is not empty.",[39,8167,8169],{"id":8168},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,8171,8172,8173,8175,8176,8178],{},"In many ",[15,8174,6884],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,8177,3699],{}," yourself.",[20,8180,8181],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,8183,8184],{},"Instead of this:",[44,8186,8188],{"className":46,"code":8187,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8189,8190,8211,8215,8229],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8191,8192,8195,8197,8199,8201,8203,8205,8207,8209],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8193,8194],{"class":59},"my_list ",[53,8196,31],{"class":63},[53,8198,67],{"class":66},[53,8200,71],{"class":70},[53,8202,74],{"class":66},[53,8204,77],{"class":70},[53,8206,74],{"class":66},[53,8208,82],{"class":70},[53,8210,85],{"class":66},[53,8212,8213],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,8214,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,8216,8217,8219,8221,8223,8226],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,8218,6884],{"class":3764},[53,8220,7865],{"class":1704},[53,8222,127],{"class":66},[53,8224,8225],{"class":102},"my_list",[53,8227,8228],{"class":66},"):\n",[53,8230,8231,8233,8235,8237,8240,8242],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,8232,7954],{"class":144},[53,8234,127],{"class":66},[53,8236,229],{"class":228},[53,8238,8239],{"class":232},"List has items",[53,8241,229],{"class":228},[53,8243,133],{"class":66},[20,8245,8246],{},"You can simply write:",[44,8248,8250],{"className":46,"code":8249,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8251,8252,8272,8276,8285],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8253,8254,8256,8258,8260,8262,8264,8266,8268,8270],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8255,8194],{"class":59},[53,8257,31],{"class":63},[53,8259,67],{"class":66},[53,8261,71],{"class":70},[53,8263,74],{"class":66},[53,8265,77],{"class":70},[53,8267,74],{"class":66},[53,8269,82],{"class":70},[53,8271,85],{"class":66},[53,8273,8274],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,8275,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,8277,8278,8280,8283],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,8279,6884],{"class":3764},[53,8281,8282],{"class":59}," my_list",[53,8284,6280],{"class":66},[53,8286,8287,8289,8291,8293,8295,8297],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,8288,7954],{"class":144},[53,8290,127],{"class":66},[53,8292,229],{"class":228},[53,8294,8239],{"class":232},[53,8296,229],{"class":228},[53,8298,133],{"class":66},[20,8300,8301],{},"Both examples work.",[20,8303,485,8304,8306],{},[15,8305,3699],{}," is still helpful when:",[194,8308,8309,8312,8320],{},[197,8310,8311],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[197,8313,8314,8315,2765,8317,8319],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,8316,3492],{},[15,8318,3560],{}," value",[197,8321,8322],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,8324,8325,8326,99],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[758,8327,8328],{"href":2187},"Python type() function explained",[39,8330,2716],{"id":2715},[20,8332,8333,8334,99],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,8335,3699],{},[1327,8337,8339,8340,8342,8343],{"id":8338},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false","Expecting ",[15,8341,8014],{}," to return ",[15,8344,3560],{},[20,8346,8347],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[44,8349,8350],{"className":46,"code":7605,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,8351,8352],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8353,8354,8356,8358,8360,8362,8364,8366,8368],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8355,145],{"class":144},[53,8357,127],{"class":66},[53,8359,3755],{"class":1704},[53,8361,127],{"class":66},[53,8363,229],{"class":228},[53,8365,3560],{"class":232},[53,8367,229],{"class":228},[53,8369,1713],{"class":66},[20,8371,301],{},[44,8373,8374],{"className":46,"code":3868,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,8375,8376],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8377,8378],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8379,3868],{"class":3739},[20,8381,8382,8383,6567],{},"Why? Because ",[15,8384,6566],{},[20,8386,8387],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[44,8389,8391],{"className":46,"code":8390,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,8392,8393,8405],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8394,8395,8397,8399,8401,8403],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8396,2335],{"class":59},[53,8398,31],{"class":63},[53,8400,240],{"class":228},[53,8402,3560],{"class":232},[53,8404,1682],{"class":228},[53,8406,8407,8409,8411,8413,8415,8417,8419,8421],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,8408,145],{"class":144},[53,8410,127],{"class":66},[53,8412,2335],{"class":102},[53,8414,4574],{"class":63},[53,8416,240],{"class":228},[53,8418,3492],{"class":232},[53,8420,229],{"class":228},[53,8422,133],{"class":66},[20,8424,301],{},[44,8426,8427],{"className":46,"code":3929,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,8428,8429],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8430,8431],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8432,3929],{"class":3739},[1327,8434,8436],{"id":8435},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,8438,8439,8441],{},[15,8440,2845],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[44,8443,8445],{"className":46,"code":8444,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8446,8447,8466],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8448,8449,8451,8453,8455,8457,8459,8462,8464],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8450,2335],{"class":59},[53,8452,31],{"class":63},[53,8454,8128],{"class":144},[53,8456,127],{"class":66},[53,8458,229],{"class":228},[53,8460,8461],{"class":232},"Enter yes or no: ",[53,8463,229],{"class":228},[53,8465,133],{"class":66},[53,8467,8468,8470,8472,8474,8476,8478],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,8469,145],{"class":144},[53,8471,127],{"class":66},[53,8473,3755],{"class":1704},[53,8475,127],{"class":66},[53,8477,2360],{"class":102},[53,8479,1713],{"class":66},[20,8481,8157,8482,8485,8486,8488,8489,8165],{},[15,8483,8484],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,8487,3492],{}," because ",[15,8490,8491],{},"\"no\"",[20,8493,8494],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[44,8496,8498],{"className":46,"code":8497,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,8499,8500,8530],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8501,8502,8504,8506,8508,8510,8512,8514,8516,8519,8522,8525,8528],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8503,2335],{"class":59},[53,8505,31],{"class":63},[53,8507,8128],{"class":144},[53,8509,127],{"class":66},[53,8511,229],{"class":228},[53,8513,8461],{"class":232},[53,8515,229],{"class":228},[53,8517,8518],{"class":66},").",[53,8520,8521],{"class":102},"strip",[53,8523,8524],{"class":66},"().",[53,8526,8527],{"class":102},"lower",[53,8529,106],{"class":66},[53,8531,8532,8534,8536,8538,8540,8542,8545,8547],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,8533,145],{"class":144},[53,8535,127],{"class":66},[53,8537,2335],{"class":102},[53,8539,4574],{"class":63},[53,8541,240],{"class":228},[53,8543,8544],{"class":232},"yes",[53,8546,229],{"class":228},[53,8548,133],{"class":66},[20,8550,8551,8552,8554,8555,99],{},"This gives ",[15,8553,3492],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,8556,8544],{},[1327,8558,8560],{"id":8559},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,8562,8563],{},"These are different:",[194,8565,8566,8570,8574,8578,8582],{},[197,8567,8568],{},[15,8569,3560],{},[197,8571,8572],{},[15,8573,852],{},[197,8575,8576],{},[15,8577,6158],{},[197,8579,8580],{},[15,8581,3673],{},[197,8583,8584],{},[15,8585,3664],{},[20,8587,8588,8589,8591,8592,8594],{},"They all become ",[15,8590,3560],{}," with ",[15,8593,3699],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,8596,8597],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[44,8599,8601],{"className":46,"code":8600,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8602,8603,8611,8625],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8604,8605,8607,8609],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8606,2335],{"class":59},[53,8608,31],{"class":63},[53,8610,431],{"class":66},[53,8612,8613,8615,8617,8619,8621,8623],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,8614,145],{"class":144},[53,8616,127],{"class":66},[53,8618,1705],{"class":1704},[53,8620,127],{"class":66},[53,8622,2360],{"class":102},[53,8624,1713],{"class":66},[53,8626,8627,8629,8631,8633,8635,8637],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,8628,145],{"class":144},[53,8630,127],{"class":66},[53,8632,3755],{"class":1704},[53,8634,127],{"class":66},[53,8636,2360],{"class":102},[53,8638,1713],{"class":66},[20,8640,301],{},[44,8642,8644],{"className":46,"code":8643,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,8645,8646,8660],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8647,8648,8650,8652,8654,8656,8658],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8649,3178],{"class":63},[53,8651,3181],{"class":1954},[53,8653,323],{"class":228},[53,8655,7979],{"class":232},[53,8657,314],{"class":228},[53,8659,3190],{"class":63},[53,8661,8662],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,8663,3929],{"class":3739},[1327,8665,485,8667,8669],{"id":8666},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,8668,3678],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,8671,8672,8673,8675],{},"In Python, ",[15,8674,3678],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[44,8677,8679],{"className":46,"code":8678,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type({}))\n",[15,8680,8681],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8682,8683,8685,8687,8689],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8684,145],{"class":144},[53,8686,127],{"class":66},[53,8688,1705],{"class":1704},[53,8690,7345],{"class":66},[20,8692,301],{},[44,8694,8696],{"className":46,"code":8695,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,8697,8698],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8699,8700,8702,8704,8706,8709,8711],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8701,3178],{"class":63},[53,8703,3181],{"class":1954},[53,8705,323],{"class":228},[53,8707,8708],{"class":232},"dict",[53,8710,314],{"class":228},[53,8712,3190],{"class":63},[20,8714,8715],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[44,8717,8719],{"className":46,"code":8718,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,8720,8721],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8722,8723,8725,8727,8729,8731,8733],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8724,145],{"class":144},[53,8726,127],{"class":66},[53,8728,1705],{"class":1704},[53,8730,127],{"class":66},[53,8732,6173],{"class":1704},[53,8734,6176],{"class":66},[20,8736,301],{},[44,8738,8740],{"className":46,"code":8739,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,8741,8742],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8743,8744,8746,8748,8750,8752,8754],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8745,3178],{"class":63},[53,8747,3181],{"class":1954},[53,8749,323],{"class":228},[53,8751,6173],{"class":232},[53,8753,314],{"class":228},[53,8755,3190],{"class":63},[39,8757,8759],{"id":8758},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,8761,8762,8763,8765],{},"If ",[15,8764,3699],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[44,8767,8769],{"className":46,"code":8768,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,8770,8771,8785,8799,8809,8827],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8772,8773,8775,8777,8779,8781,8783],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8774,145],{"class":144},[53,8776,127],{"class":66},[53,8778,3755],{"class":1704},[53,8780,127],{"class":66},[53,8782,2360],{"class":102},[53,8784,1713],{"class":66},[53,8786,8787,8789,8791,8793,8795,8797],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,8788,145],{"class":144},[53,8790,127],{"class":66},[53,8792,1705],{"class":1704},[53,8794,127],{"class":66},[53,8796,2360],{"class":102},[53,8798,1713],{"class":66},[53,8800,8801,8803,8805,8807],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,8802,145],{"class":144},[53,8804,127],{"class":66},[53,8806,2360],{"class":102},[53,8808,133],{"class":66},[53,8810,8811,8813,8815,8817,8819,8821,8823,8825],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,8812,145],{"class":144},[53,8814,127],{"class":66},[53,8816,2335],{"class":102},[53,8818,4574],{"class":63},[53,8820,240],{"class":228},[53,8822,3492],{"class":232},[53,8824,229],{"class":228},[53,8826,133],{"class":66},[53,8828,8829,8831,8833,8835,8837,8839,8841,8843],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,8830,145],{"class":144},[53,8832,127],{"class":66},[53,8834,2360],{"class":102},[53,8836,99],{"class":66},[53,8838,8521],{"class":102},[53,8840,8524],{"class":66},[53,8842,8527],{"class":102},[53,8844,7081],{"class":66},[20,8846,8847],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[194,8849,8850,8853,8856,8859],{},[197,8851,8852],{},"what the value really is",[197,8854,8855],{},"whether it is a string",[197,8857,8858],{},"whether it contains spaces",[197,8860,8861],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,8863,8864,8865,99],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[758,8866,8868],{"href":8867},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[39,8870,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,8872,8874],{"id":8873},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,8876,8877,8878,2765,8880,99],{},"It returns either ",[15,8879,3492],{},[15,8881,3560],{},[1327,8883,8885],{"id":8884},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,8887,5031,8888,99],{},[15,8889,3560],{},[1327,8891,8893],{"id":8892},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,8895,8896,8897,99],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,8898,3492],{},[1327,8900,8902],{"id":8901},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,8904,8905,8906,99],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,8907,3560],{},[1327,8909,8911],{"id":8910},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,8913,8914,8915,2765,8917,3623],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,8916,3492],{},[15,8918,3560],{},[39,8920,1788],{"id":1787},[194,8922,8923,8928,8932,8937,8941,8946],{},[197,8924,8925],{},[758,8926,8927],{"href":5662},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[197,8929,8930],{},[758,8931,7995],{"href":7994},[197,8933,8934],{},[758,8935,8936],{"href":8105},"Python input() function explained",[197,8938,8939],{},[758,8940,8328],{"href":2187},[197,8942,8943],{},[758,8944,8945],{"href":8867},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[197,8947,8948],{},[758,8949,8950],{"href":7097},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[1817,8952,8953],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":8955},[8956,8957,8958,8959,8960,8961,8967,8973,8974,8982,8983,8990],{"id":3496,"depth":88,"text":3497},{"id":7034,"depth":88,"text":7035},{"id":7101,"depth":88,"text":7102},{"id":7220,"depth":88,"text":7221},{"id":7415,"depth":88,"text":7416},{"id":7646,"depth":88,"text":7647,"children":8962},[8963,8964,8965,8966],{"id":7656,"depth":109,"text":7657},{"id":7751,"depth":109,"text":7752},{"id":7835,"depth":109,"text":7836},{"id":7908,"depth":109,"text":7909},{"id":7998,"depth":88,"text":7999,"children":8968},[8969,8971],{"id":8011,"depth":109,"text":8970},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8051,"depth":109,"text":8972},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8168,"depth":88,"text":8169},{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716,"children":8975},[8976,8978,8979,8980],{"id":8338,"depth":109,"text":8977},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8435,"depth":109,"text":8436},{"id":8559,"depth":109,"text":8560},{"id":8666,"depth":109,"text":8981},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":8758,"depth":88,"text":8759},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":8984},[8985,8986,8987,8988,8989],{"id":8873,"depth":109,"text":8874},{"id":8884,"depth":109,"text":8885},{"id":8892,"depth":109,"text":8893},{"id":8901,"depth":109,"text":8902},{"id":8910,"depth":109,"text":8911},{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":6861,"description":8991},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":8998,"title":8999,"body":9000,"description":11193,"extension":1853,"meta":11194,"navigation":112,"path":11195,"seo":11196,"stem":11197,"__hash__":11198},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":9001,"toc":11155},[9002,9008,9014,9021,9026,9037,9044,9153,9157,9226,9231,9236,9241,9244,9255,9260,9263,9274,9281,9283,9288,9292,9317,9321,9330,9334,9397,9401,9434,9438,9483,9487,9524,9528,9531,9587,9591,9637,9640,9645,9684,9688,9711,9714,9728,9741,9745,9750,9817,9821,9857,9860,9868,9871,9935,9939,9971,9977,9979,10039,10046,10049,10126,10130,10163,10167,10170,10214,10218,10254,10257,10274,10277,10280,10333,10336,10347,10354,10363,10366,10424,10428,10469,10477,10485,10490,10498,10510,10515,10526,10599,10602,10614,10629,10633,10638,10642,10644,10687,10693,10696,10759,10763,10766,10775,10780,10817,10821,10824,10832,10835,10874,10878,10881,10932,10936,10957,10964,10966,10972,10999,11002,11057,11060,11071,11073,11080,11088,11094,11099,11106,11109,11116,11123,11125,11152],[10,9003,3463,9005,3467],{"id":9004},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,9006,9007],{},"dict()",[20,9009,9010,9011,9013],{},"The built-in ",[15,9012,9007],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,9015,9016,9017,9020],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[34,9018,9019],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,9022,9023,9025],{},[15,9024,9007],{}," is commonly used to:",[194,9027,9028,9031,9034],{},[197,9029,9030],{},"create an empty dictionary",[197,9032,9033],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[197,9035,9036],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9038,9039,9040,99],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[758,9041,9043],{"href":9042},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[44,9045,9047],{"className":46,"code":9046,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,9048,9049,9084,9095,9099,9138],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9050,9051,9054,9056,9059,9061,9064,9066,9068,9070,9072,9074,9077,9079,9082],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9052,9053],{"class":59},"data ",[53,9055,31],{"class":63},[53,9057,9058],{"class":1704}," dict",[53,9060,127],{"class":66},[53,9062,1710],{"class":9063},"s99_P",[53,9065,31],{"class":63},[53,9067,314],{"class":228},[53,9069,1679],{"class":232},[53,9071,314],{"class":228},[53,9073,74],{"class":66},[53,9075,9076],{"class":9063}," age",[53,9078,31],{"class":63},[53,9080,9081],{"class":70},"25",[53,9083,133],{"class":66},[53,9085,9086,9088,9090,9093],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,9087,145],{"class":144},[53,9089,127],{"class":66},[53,9091,9092],{"class":102},"data",[53,9094,133],{"class":66},[53,9096,9097],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,9098,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,9100,9101,9104,9106,9109,9111,9113,9115,9117,9119,9122,9125,9127,9129,9131,9133,9135],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,9102,9103],{"class":59},"pairs ",[53,9105,31],{"class":63},[53,9107,9108],{"class":66}," [(",[53,9110,314],{"class":228},[53,9112,758],{"class":232},[53,9114,314],{"class":228},[53,9116,74],{"class":66},[53,9118,5382],{"class":70},[53,9120,9121],{"class":66},"),",[53,9123,9124],{"class":66}," (",[53,9126,314],{"class":228},[53,9128,1376],{"class":232},[53,9130,314],{"class":228},[53,9132,74],{"class":66},[53,9134,77],{"class":70},[53,9136,9137],{"class":66},")]\n",[53,9139,9140,9142,9144,9146,9148,9151],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,9141,145],{"class":144},[53,9143,127],{"class":66},[53,9145,8708],{"class":1704},[53,9147,127],{"class":66},[53,9149,9150],{"class":102},"pairs",[53,9152,1713],{"class":66},[20,9154,9155],{},[34,9156,301],{},[44,9158,9160],{"className":46,"code":9159,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9161,9162,9198],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9163,9164,9167,9169,9171,9173,9175,9177,9179,9181,9183,9185,9188,9190,9192,9195],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9165,9166],{"class":66},"{",[53,9168,314],{"class":228},[53,9170,1710],{"class":232},[53,9172,314],{"class":228},[53,9174,192],{"class":66},[53,9176,323],{"class":228},[53,9178,1679],{"class":232},[53,9180,314],{"class":228},[53,9182,74],{"class":66},[53,9184,323],{"class":228},[53,9186,9187],{"class":232},"age",[53,9189,314],{"class":228},[53,9191,192],{"class":66},[53,9193,9194],{"class":70}," 25",[53,9196,9197],{"class":66},"}\n",[53,9199,9200,9202,9204,9206,9208,9210,9212,9214,9216,9218,9220,9222,9224],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,9201,9166],{"class":66},[53,9203,314],{"class":228},[53,9205,758],{"class":232},[53,9207,314],{"class":228},[53,9209,192],{"class":66},[53,9211,5382],{"class":70},[53,9213,74],{"class":66},[53,9215,323],{"class":228},[53,9217,1376],{"class":232},[53,9219,314],{"class":228},[53,9221,192],{"class":66},[53,9223,77],{"class":70},[53,9225,9197],{"class":66},[20,9227,174,9228,9230],{},[15,9229,9007],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[39,9232,184,9234,187],{"id":9233},"what-dict-does",[15,9235,9007],{},[20,9237,9238,9240],{},[15,9239,9007],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,9242,9243],{},"A dictionary:",[194,9245,9246,9249,9252],{},[197,9247,9248],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[197,9250,9251],{},"lets you look up values by key",[197,9253,9254],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,9256,9257,9259],{},[15,9258,9007],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,9261,9262],{},"Common uses include:",[194,9264,9265,9268,9271],{},[197,9266,9267],{},"making an empty dictionary",[197,9269,9270],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[197,9272,9273],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9275,9276,9277,99],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[758,9278,9280],{"href":9279},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[39,9282,372],{"id":371},[20,9284,9285,9287],{},[15,9286,9007],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[1327,9289,9291],{"id":9290},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[44,9293,9295],{"className":46,"code":9294,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,9296,9297,9307],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9298,9299,9301,9303,9305],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9300,9053],{"class":59},[53,9302,31],{"class":63},[53,9304,9058],{"class":1704},[53,9306,106],{"class":66},[53,9308,9309,9311,9313,9315],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,9310,145],{"class":144},[53,9312,127],{"class":66},[53,9314,9092],{"class":102},[53,9316,133],{"class":66},[20,9318,9319],{},[34,9320,301],{},[44,9322,9324],{"className":46,"code":9323,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{}\n",[15,9325,9326],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9327,9328],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9329,9323],{"class":66},[1327,9331,9333],{"id":9332},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[44,9335,9337],{"className":46,"code":9336,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9338,9339,9373,9387],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9340,9341,9343,9345,9347,9349,9351,9353,9355,9357,9359,9361,9363,9365,9367,9369,9371],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9342,9103],{"class":59},[53,9344,31],{"class":63},[53,9346,9108],{"class":66},[53,9348,314],{"class":228},[53,9350,758],{"class":232},[53,9352,314],{"class":228},[53,9354,74],{"class":66},[53,9356,5382],{"class":70},[53,9358,9121],{"class":66},[53,9360,9124],{"class":66},[53,9362,314],{"class":228},[53,9364,1376],{"class":232},[53,9366,314],{"class":228},[53,9368,74],{"class":66},[53,9370,77],{"class":70},[53,9372,9137],{"class":66},[53,9374,9375,9377,9379,9381,9383,9385],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,9376,9053],{"class":59},[53,9378,31],{"class":63},[53,9380,9058],{"class":1704},[53,9382,127],{"class":66},[53,9384,9150],{"class":102},[53,9386,133],{"class":66},[53,9388,9389,9391,9393,9395],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,9390,145],{"class":144},[53,9392,127],{"class":66},[53,9394,9092],{"class":102},[53,9396,133],{"class":66},[20,9398,9399],{},[34,9400,301],{},[44,9402,9404],{"className":46,"code":9403,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9405,9406],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9407,9408,9410,9412,9414,9416,9418,9420,9422,9424,9426,9428,9430,9432],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9409,9166],{"class":66},[53,9411,314],{"class":228},[53,9413,758],{"class":232},[53,9415,314],{"class":228},[53,9417,192],{"class":66},[53,9419,5382],{"class":70},[53,9421,74],{"class":66},[53,9423,323],{"class":228},[53,9425,1376],{"class":232},[53,9427,314],{"class":228},[53,9429,192],{"class":66},[53,9431,77],{"class":70},[53,9433,9197],{"class":66},[1327,9435,9437],{"id":9436},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[44,9439,9441],{"className":46,"code":9440,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9442,9443,9473],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9444,9445,9447,9449,9451,9453,9455,9457,9459,9461,9463,9465,9467,9469,9471],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9446,9053],{"class":59},[53,9448,31],{"class":63},[53,9450,9058],{"class":1704},[53,9452,127],{"class":66},[53,9454,1710],{"class":9063},[53,9456,31],{"class":63},[53,9458,314],{"class":228},[53,9460,1679],{"class":232},[53,9462,314],{"class":228},[53,9464,74],{"class":66},[53,9466,9076],{"class":9063},[53,9468,31],{"class":63},[53,9470,9081],{"class":70},[53,9472,133],{"class":66},[53,9474,9475,9477,9479,9481],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,9476,145],{"class":144},[53,9478,127],{"class":66},[53,9480,9092],{"class":102},[53,9482,133],{"class":66},[20,9484,9485],{},[34,9486,301],{},[44,9488,9490],{"className":46,"code":9489,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,9491,9492],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9493,9494,9496,9498,9500,9502,9504,9506,9508,9510,9512,9514,9516,9518,9520,9522],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9495,9166],{"class":66},[53,9497,314],{"class":228},[53,9499,1710],{"class":232},[53,9501,314],{"class":228},[53,9503,192],{"class":66},[53,9505,323],{"class":228},[53,9507,1679],{"class":232},[53,9509,314],{"class":228},[53,9511,74],{"class":66},[53,9513,323],{"class":228},[53,9515,9187],{"class":232},[53,9517,314],{"class":228},[53,9519,192],{"class":66},[53,9521,9194],{"class":70},[53,9523,9197],{"class":66},[1327,9525,9527],{"id":9526},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,9529,9530],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[44,9532,9534],{"className":46,"code":9533,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9535,9536,9577],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9537,9538,9540,9542,9544,9547,9549,9551,9553,9555,9557,9560,9562,9564,9566,9568,9571,9573,9575],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9539,9053],{"class":59},[53,9541,31],{"class":63},[53,9543,9058],{"class":1704},[53,9545,9546],{"class":66},"([(",[53,9548,314],{"class":228},[53,9550,758],{"class":232},[53,9552,314],{"class":228},[53,9554,74],{"class":66},[53,9556,5382],{"class":70},[53,9558,9559],{"class":66},")],",[53,9561,2445],{"class":9063},[53,9563,31],{"class":63},[53,9565,1589],{"class":70},[53,9567,74],{"class":66},[53,9569,9570],{"class":9063}," c",[53,9572,31],{"class":63},[53,9574,815],{"class":70},[53,9576,133],{"class":66},[53,9578,9579,9581,9583,9585],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,9580,145],{"class":144},[53,9582,127],{"class":66},[53,9584,9092],{"class":102},[53,9586,133],{"class":66},[20,9588,9589],{},[34,9590,301],{},[44,9592,9594],{"className":46,"code":9593,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,9595,9596],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9597,9598,9600,9602,9604,9606,9608,9610,9612,9614,9616,9618,9620,9622,9624,9626,9629,9631,9633,9635],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9599,9166],{"class":66},[53,9601,314],{"class":228},[53,9603,758],{"class":232},[53,9605,314],{"class":228},[53,9607,192],{"class":66},[53,9609,5382],{"class":70},[53,9611,74],{"class":66},[53,9613,323],{"class":228},[53,9615,1376],{"class":232},[53,9617,314],{"class":228},[53,9619,192],{"class":66},[53,9621,77],{"class":70},[53,9623,74],{"class":66},[53,9625,323],{"class":228},[53,9627,9628],{"class":232},"c",[53,9630,314],{"class":228},[53,9632,192],{"class":66},[53,9634,82],{"class":70},[53,9636,9197],{"class":66},[39,9638,9291],{"id":9639},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,9641,174,9642,9644],{},[15,9643,9007],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[44,9646,9648],{"className":46,"code":9647,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,9649,9650,9660,9674],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9651,9652,9654,9656,9658],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9653,9053],{"class":59},[53,9655,31],{"class":63},[53,9657,9058],{"class":1704},[53,9659,106],{"class":66},[53,9661,9662,9664,9666,9668,9670,9672],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,9663,145],{"class":144},[53,9665,127],{"class":66},[53,9667,1705],{"class":1704},[53,9669,127],{"class":66},[53,9671,9092],{"class":102},[53,9673,1713],{"class":66},[53,9675,9676,9678,9680,9682],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,9677,145],{"class":144},[53,9679,127],{"class":66},[53,9681,9092],{"class":102},[53,9683,133],{"class":66},[20,9685,9686],{},[34,9687,301],{},[44,9689,9691],{"className":46,"code":9690,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,9692,9693,9707],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9694,9695,9697,9699,9701,9703,9705],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9696,3178],{"class":63},[53,9698,3181],{"class":1954},[53,9700,323],{"class":228},[53,9702,8708],{"class":232},[53,9704,314],{"class":228},[53,9706,3190],{"class":63},[53,9708,9709],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,9710,9323],{"class":66},[20,9712,9713],{},"This gives the same result as:",[44,9715,9717],{"className":46,"code":9716,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {}\n",[15,9718,9719],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9720,9721,9723,9725],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9722,9053],{"class":59},[53,9724,31],{"class":63},[53,9726,9727],{"class":66}," {}\n",[20,9729,9730,9731,9733,9734,9737,9738,9740],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,9732,3678],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[9735,9736],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,9739,9007],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[39,9742,9744],{"id":9743},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,9746,9747,9748,99],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,9749,9007],{},[44,9751,9753],{"className":46,"code":9752,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9754,9755,9793,9807],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9756,9757,9759,9761,9763,9765,9767,9769,9771,9773,9775,9777,9779,9781,9783,9785,9787,9789,9791],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9758,9103],{"class":59},[53,9760,31],{"class":63},[53,9762,9108],{"class":66},[53,9764,314],{"class":228},[53,9766,1710],{"class":232},[53,9768,314],{"class":228},[53,9770,74],{"class":66},[53,9772,323],{"class":228},[53,9774,1679],{"class":232},[53,9776,314],{"class":228},[53,9778,9121],{"class":66},[53,9780,9124],{"class":66},[53,9782,314],{"class":228},[53,9784,9187],{"class":232},[53,9786,314],{"class":228},[53,9788,74],{"class":66},[53,9790,9194],{"class":70},[53,9792,9137],{"class":66},[53,9794,9795,9797,9799,9801,9803,9805],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,9796,9053],{"class":59},[53,9798,31],{"class":63},[53,9800,9058],{"class":1704},[53,9802,127],{"class":66},[53,9804,9150],{"class":102},[53,9806,133],{"class":66},[53,9808,9809,9811,9813,9815],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,9810,145],{"class":144},[53,9812,127],{"class":66},[53,9814,9092],{"class":102},[53,9816,133],{"class":66},[20,9818,9819],{},[34,9820,301],{},[44,9822,9823],{"className":46,"code":9489,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,9824,9825],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9826,9827,9829,9831,9833,9835,9837,9839,9841,9843,9845,9847,9849,9851,9853,9855],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9828,9166],{"class":66},[53,9830,314],{"class":228},[53,9832,1710],{"class":232},[53,9834,314],{"class":228},[53,9836,192],{"class":66},[53,9838,323],{"class":228},[53,9840,1679],{"class":232},[53,9842,314],{"class":228},[53,9844,74],{"class":66},[53,9846,323],{"class":228},[53,9848,9187],{"class":232},[53,9850,314],{"class":228},[53,9852,192],{"class":66},[53,9854,9194],{"class":70},[53,9856,9197],{"class":66},[20,9858,9859],{},"Each pair becomes:",[194,9861,9862,9865],{},[197,9863,9864],{},"the first item as the key",[197,9866,9867],{},"the second item as the value",[20,9869,9870],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[44,9872,9874],{"className":46,"code":9873,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9875,9876,9911,9925],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9877,9878,9880,9882,9885,9887,9889,9891,9893,9895,9897,9899,9901,9903,9905,9907,9909],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9879,9103],{"class":59},[53,9881,31],{"class":63},[53,9883,9884],{"class":66}," ((",[53,9886,314],{"class":228},[53,9888,758],{"class":232},[53,9890,314],{"class":228},[53,9892,74],{"class":66},[53,9894,5382],{"class":70},[53,9896,9121],{"class":66},[53,9898,9124],{"class":66},[53,9900,314],{"class":228},[53,9902,1376],{"class":232},[53,9904,314],{"class":228},[53,9906,74],{"class":66},[53,9908,77],{"class":70},[53,9910,1713],{"class":66},[53,9912,9913,9915,9917,9919,9921,9923],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,9914,9053],{"class":59},[53,9916,31],{"class":63},[53,9918,9058],{"class":1704},[53,9920,127],{"class":66},[53,9922,9150],{"class":102},[53,9924,133],{"class":66},[53,9926,9927,9929,9931,9933],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,9928,145],{"class":144},[53,9930,127],{"class":66},[53,9932,9092],{"class":102},[53,9934,133],{"class":66},[20,9936,9937],{},[34,9938,301],{},[44,9940,9941],{"className":46,"code":9403,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,9942,9943],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9944,9945,9947,9949,9951,9953,9955,9957,9959,9961,9963,9965,9967,9969],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9946,9166],{"class":66},[53,9948,314],{"class":228},[53,9950,758],{"class":232},[53,9952,314],{"class":228},[53,9954,192],{"class":66},[53,9956,5382],{"class":70},[53,9958,74],{"class":66},[53,9960,323],{"class":228},[53,9962,1376],{"class":232},[53,9964,314],{"class":228},[53,9966,192],{"class":66},[53,9968,77],{"class":70},[53,9970,9197],{"class":66},[20,9972,9973,9974,99],{},"Each item must contain ",[34,9975,9976],{},"exactly two elements",[20,9978,2723],{},[44,9980,9982],{"className":46,"code":9981,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,9983,9984,10024],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9985,9986,9989,9991,9993,9995,9997,9999,10001,10003,10005,10008,10010,10012,10014,10016,10018,10020,10022],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9987,9988],{"class":59},"bad_data ",[53,9990,31],{"class":63},[53,9992,9108],{"class":66},[53,9994,314],{"class":228},[53,9996,758],{"class":232},[53,9998,314],{"class":228},[53,10000,74],{"class":66},[53,10002,5382],{"class":70},[53,10004,74],{"class":66},[53,10006,10007],{"class":70}," 100",[53,10009,9121],{"class":66},[53,10011,9124],{"class":66},[53,10013,314],{"class":228},[53,10015,1376],{"class":232},[53,10017,314],{"class":228},[53,10019,74],{"class":66},[53,10021,77],{"class":70},[53,10023,9137],{"class":66},[53,10025,10026,10028,10030,10032,10034,10037],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,10027,2117],{"class":59},[53,10029,31],{"class":63},[53,10031,9058],{"class":1704},[53,10033,127],{"class":66},[53,10035,10036],{"class":102},"bad_data",[53,10038,133],{"class":66},[20,10040,10041,10042,10045],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,10043,10044],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,10047,10048],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[44,10050,10052],{"className":46,"code":10051,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10053,10054,10102,10116],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10055,10056,10058,10060,10062,10064,10066,10068,10070,10072,10074,10076,10078,10080,10082,10084,10086,10088,10090,10092,10094,10096,10098,10100],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10057,9103],{"class":59},[53,10059,31],{"class":63},[53,10061,9108],{"class":66},[53,10063,314],{"class":228},[53,10065,758],{"class":232},[53,10067,314],{"class":228},[53,10069,74],{"class":66},[53,10071,5382],{"class":70},[53,10073,9121],{"class":66},[53,10075,9124],{"class":66},[53,10077,314],{"class":228},[53,10079,758],{"class":232},[53,10081,314],{"class":228},[53,10083,74],{"class":66},[53,10085,912],{"class":70},[53,10087,9121],{"class":66},[53,10089,9124],{"class":66},[53,10091,314],{"class":228},[53,10093,1376],{"class":232},[53,10095,314],{"class":228},[53,10097,74],{"class":66},[53,10099,77],{"class":70},[53,10101,9137],{"class":66},[53,10103,10104,10106,10108,10110,10112,10114],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,10105,9053],{"class":59},[53,10107,31],{"class":63},[53,10109,9058],{"class":1704},[53,10111,127],{"class":66},[53,10113,9150],{"class":102},[53,10115,133],{"class":66},[53,10117,10118,10120,10122,10124],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,10119,145],{"class":144},[53,10121,127],{"class":66},[53,10123,9092],{"class":102},[53,10125,133],{"class":66},[20,10127,10128],{},[34,10129,301],{},[44,10131,10133],{"className":46,"code":10132,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10134,10135],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10136,10137,10139,10141,10143,10145,10147,10149,10151,10153,10155,10157,10159,10161],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10138,9166],{"class":66},[53,10140,314],{"class":228},[53,10142,758],{"class":232},[53,10144,314],{"class":228},[53,10146,192],{"class":66},[53,10148,912],{"class":70},[53,10150,74],{"class":66},[53,10152,323],{"class":228},[53,10154,1376],{"class":232},[53,10156,314],{"class":228},[53,10158,192],{"class":66},[53,10160,77],{"class":70},[53,10162,9197],{"class":66},[39,10164,10166],{"id":10165},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,10168,10169],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[44,10171,10172],{"className":46,"code":9440,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,10173,10174,10204],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10175,10176,10178,10180,10182,10184,10186,10188,10190,10192,10194,10196,10198,10200,10202],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10177,9053],{"class":59},[53,10179,31],{"class":63},[53,10181,9058],{"class":1704},[53,10183,127],{"class":66},[53,10185,1710],{"class":9063},[53,10187,31],{"class":63},[53,10189,314],{"class":228},[53,10191,1679],{"class":232},[53,10193,314],{"class":228},[53,10195,74],{"class":66},[53,10197,9076],{"class":9063},[53,10199,31],{"class":63},[53,10201,9081],{"class":70},[53,10203,133],{"class":66},[53,10205,10206,10208,10210,10212],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,10207,145],{"class":144},[53,10209,127],{"class":66},[53,10211,9092],{"class":102},[53,10213,133],{"class":66},[20,10215,10216],{},[34,10217,301],{},[44,10219,10220],{"className":46,"code":9489,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,10221,10222],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10223,10224,10226,10228,10230,10232,10234,10236,10238,10240,10242,10244,10246,10248,10250,10252],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10225,9166],{"class":66},[53,10227,314],{"class":228},[53,10229,1710],{"class":232},[53,10231,314],{"class":228},[53,10233,192],{"class":66},[53,10235,323],{"class":228},[53,10237,1679],{"class":232},[53,10239,314],{"class":228},[53,10241,74],{"class":66},[53,10243,323],{"class":228},[53,10245,9187],{"class":232},[53,10247,314],{"class":228},[53,10249,192],{"class":66},[53,10251,9194],{"class":70},[53,10253,9197],{"class":66},[20,10255,10256],{},"In this form:",[194,10258,10259,10267],{},[197,10260,10261,10263,10264],{},[15,10262,1710],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,10265,10266],{},"'name'",[197,10268,10269,10263,10271],{},[15,10270,9187],{},[15,10272,10273],{},"'age'",[20,10275,10276],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,10278,10279],{},"Valid examples:",[44,10281,10283],{"className":46,"code":10282,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10284,10285,10323],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10286,10287,10289,10291,10293,10295,10298,10300,10302,10305,10307,10309,10312,10314,10316,10319,10321],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10288,9053],{"class":59},[53,10290,31],{"class":63},[53,10292,9058],{"class":1704},[53,10294,127],{"class":66},[53,10296,10297],{"class":9063},"city",[53,10299,31],{"class":63},[53,10301,314],{"class":228},[53,10303,10304],{"class":232},"Paris",[53,10306,314],{"class":228},[53,10308,74],{"class":66},[53,10310,10311],{"class":9063}," country",[53,10313,31],{"class":63},[53,10315,314],{"class":228},[53,10317,10318],{"class":232},"France",[53,10320,314],{"class":228},[53,10322,133],{"class":66},[53,10324,10325,10327,10329,10331],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,10326,145],{"class":144},[53,10328,127],{"class":66},[53,10330,9092],{"class":102},[53,10332,133],{"class":66},[20,10334,10335],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[194,10337,10338,10341,10344],{},[197,10339,10340],{},"spaces",[197,10342,10343],{},"hyphens",[197,10345,10346],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,10348,10349,10350,10353],{},"For example, this is ",[34,10351,10352],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[44,10355,10357],{"className":46,"code":10356,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,10358,10359],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10360,10361],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10362,10356],{"class":156},[20,10364,10365],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[44,10367,10369],{"className":46,"code":10368,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10370,10371,10414],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10372,10373,10375,10377,10380,10382,10385,10387,10389,10391,10393,10395,10397,10399,10402,10404,10406,10408,10410,10412],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10374,9053],{"class":59},[53,10376,31],{"class":63},[53,10378,10379],{"class":66}," {",[53,10381,314],{"class":228},[53,10383,10384],{"class":232},"first-name",[53,10386,314],{"class":228},[53,10388,192],{"class":66},[53,10390,323],{"class":228},[53,10392,7564],{"class":232},[53,10394,314],{"class":228},[53,10396,74],{"class":66},[53,10398,323],{"class":228},[53,10400,10401],{"class":232},"first name",[53,10403,314],{"class":228},[53,10405,192],{"class":66},[53,10407,323],{"class":228},[53,10409,7564],{"class":232},[53,10411,314],{"class":228},[53,10413,9197],{"class":66},[53,10415,10416,10418,10420,10422],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,10417,145],{"class":144},[53,10419,127],{"class":66},[53,10421,9092],{"class":102},[53,10423,133],{"class":66},[20,10425,10426],{},[34,10427,301],{},[44,10429,10431],{"className":46,"code":10430,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,10432,10433],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10434,10435,10437,10439,10441,10443,10445,10447,10449,10451,10453,10455,10457,10459,10461,10463,10465,10467],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10436,9166],{"class":66},[53,10438,314],{"class":228},[53,10440,10384],{"class":232},[53,10442,314],{"class":228},[53,10444,192],{"class":66},[53,10446,323],{"class":228},[53,10448,7564],{"class":232},[53,10450,314],{"class":228},[53,10452,74],{"class":66},[53,10454,323],{"class":228},[53,10456,10401],{"class":232},[53,10458,314],{"class":228},[53,10460,192],{"class":66},[53,10462,323],{"class":228},[53,10464,7564],{"class":232},[53,10466,314],{"class":228},[53,10468,9197],{"class":66},[39,10470,10472,10474,10475],{"id":10471},"dict-vs",[15,10473,9007],{}," vs ",[15,10476,3678],{},[20,10478,10479,10480,960,10482,10484],{},"Both ",[15,10481,9007],{},[15,10483,3678],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[1327,10486,174,10488,1152],{"id":10487},"use-when",[15,10489,3678],{},[194,10491,10492,10495],{},[197,10493,10494],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[197,10496,10497],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[44,10499,10500],{"className":46,"code":9716,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,10501,10502],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10503,10504,10506,10508],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10505,9053],{"class":59},[53,10507,31],{"class":63},[53,10509,9727],{"class":66},[1327,10511,174,10513,1152],{"id":10512},"use-dict-when",[15,10514,9007],{},[194,10516,10517,10520,10523],{},[197,10518,10519],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[197,10521,10522],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[197,10524,10525],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[44,10527,10529],{"className":46,"code":10528,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,10530,10531,10568],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10532,10533,10535,10537,10539,10541,10543,10545,10547,10549,10551,10553,10555,10557,10559,10561,10563,10565],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10534,9053],{"class":59},[53,10536,31],{"class":63},[53,10538,9058],{"class":1704},[53,10540,9546],{"class":66},[53,10542,314],{"class":228},[53,10544,758],{"class":232},[53,10546,314],{"class":228},[53,10548,74],{"class":66},[53,10550,5382],{"class":70},[53,10552,9121],{"class":66},[53,10554,9124],{"class":66},[53,10556,314],{"class":228},[53,10558,1376],{"class":232},[53,10560,314],{"class":228},[53,10562,74],{"class":66},[53,10564,77],{"class":70},[53,10566,10567],{"class":66},")])\n",[53,10569,10570,10573,10575,10577,10579,10581,10583,10585,10587,10589,10591,10593,10595,10597],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,10571,10572],{"class":59},"info ",[53,10574,31],{"class":63},[53,10576,9058],{"class":1704},[53,10578,127],{"class":66},[53,10580,1710],{"class":9063},[53,10582,31],{"class":63},[53,10584,314],{"class":228},[53,10586,1679],{"class":232},[53,10588,314],{"class":228},[53,10590,74],{"class":66},[53,10592,9076],{"class":9063},[53,10594,31],{"class":63},[53,10596,9081],{"class":70},[53,10598,133],{"class":66},[20,10600,10601],{},"So:",[194,10603,10604,10609],{},[197,10605,10606,10608],{},[15,10607,3678],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[197,10610,10611,10613],{},[15,10612,9007],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,10615,10616,10617,10621,10622,99],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[758,10618,10620],{"href":10619},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[758,10623,10625,10626,1316],{"href":10624},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,10627,10628],{},"get()",[39,10630,10632],{"id":10631},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,10634,10635,10636,99],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,10637,9007],{},[1327,10639,10641],{"id":10640},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,10643,4411],{},[44,10645,10647],{"className":46,"code":10646,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,10648,10649,10673],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10650,10651,10653,10655,10657,10659,10661,10663,10665,10667,10669,10671],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10652,7667],{"class":59},[53,10654,31],{"class":63},[53,10656,67],{"class":66},[53,10658,314],{"class":228},[53,10660,758],{"class":232},[53,10662,314],{"class":228},[53,10664,74],{"class":66},[53,10666,323],{"class":228},[53,10668,1376],{"class":232},[53,10670,314],{"class":228},[53,10672,85],{"class":66},[53,10674,10675,10677,10679,10681,10683,10685],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,10676,9053],{"class":59},[53,10678,31],{"class":63},[53,10680,9058],{"class":1704},[53,10682,127],{"class":66},[53,10684,7696],{"class":102},[53,10686,133],{"class":66},[20,10688,10689,10690,99],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,10691,10692],{},"('a', 1)",[20,10694,10695],{},"Correct version:",[44,10697,10699],{"className":46,"code":10698,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10700,10701,10735,10749],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10702,10703,10705,10707,10709,10711,10713,10715,10717,10719,10721,10723,10725,10727,10729,10731,10733],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10704,7667],{"class":59},[53,10706,31],{"class":63},[53,10708,9108],{"class":66},[53,10710,314],{"class":228},[53,10712,758],{"class":232},[53,10714,314],{"class":228},[53,10716,74],{"class":66},[53,10718,5382],{"class":70},[53,10720,9121],{"class":66},[53,10722,9124],{"class":66},[53,10724,314],{"class":228},[53,10726,1376],{"class":232},[53,10728,314],{"class":228},[53,10730,74],{"class":66},[53,10732,77],{"class":70},[53,10734,9137],{"class":66},[53,10736,10737,10739,10741,10743,10745,10747],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,10738,9053],{"class":59},[53,10740,31],{"class":63},[53,10742,9058],{"class":1704},[53,10744,127],{"class":66},[53,10746,7696],{"class":102},[53,10748,133],{"class":66},[53,10750,10751,10753,10755,10757],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,10752,145],{"class":144},[53,10754,127],{"class":66},[53,10756,9092],{"class":102},[53,10758,133],{"class":66},[1327,10760,10762],{"id":10761},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,10764,10765],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[44,10767,10769],{"className":46,"code":10768,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,10770,10771],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10772,10773],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10774,10768],{"class":156},[20,10776,10777,10778,192],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,10779,31],{},[44,10781,10783],{"className":46,"code":10782,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10784,10785,10807],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10786,10787,10789,10791,10793,10795,10797,10799,10801,10803,10805],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10788,9053],{"class":59},[53,10790,31],{"class":63},[53,10792,9058],{"class":1704},[53,10794,127],{"class":66},[53,10796,1710],{"class":9063},[53,10798,31],{"class":63},[53,10800,314],{"class":228},[53,10802,1679],{"class":232},[53,10804,314],{"class":228},[53,10806,133],{"class":66},[53,10808,10809,10811,10813,10815],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,10810,145],{"class":144},[53,10812,127],{"class":66},[53,10814,9092],{"class":102},[53,10816,133],{"class":66},[1327,10818,10820],{"id":10819},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,10822,10823],{},"This will not work:",[44,10825,10826],{"className":46,"code":10356,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,10827,10828],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10829,10830],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10831,10356],{"class":156},[20,10833,10834],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[44,10836,10838],{"className":46,"code":10837,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10839,10840,10864],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10841,10842,10844,10846,10848,10850,10852,10854,10856,10858,10860,10862],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10843,9053],{"class":59},[53,10845,31],{"class":63},[53,10847,10379],{"class":66},[53,10849,314],{"class":228},[53,10851,10384],{"class":232},[53,10853,314],{"class":228},[53,10855,192],{"class":66},[53,10857,323],{"class":228},[53,10859,7564],{"class":232},[53,10861,314],{"class":228},[53,10863,9197],{"class":66},[53,10865,10866,10868,10870,10872],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,10867,145],{"class":144},[53,10869,127],{"class":66},[53,10871,9092],{"class":102},[53,10873,133],{"class":66},[1327,10875,10877],{"id":10876},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,10879,10880],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[44,10882,10884],{"className":46,"code":10883,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,10885,10886,10922],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10887,10888,10890,10892,10894,10896,10898,10900,10902,10904,10906,10908,10910,10912,10914,10916,10918,10920],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10889,9053],{"class":59},[53,10891,31],{"class":63},[53,10893,9058],{"class":1704},[53,10895,9546],{"class":66},[53,10897,314],{"class":228},[53,10899,2060],{"class":232},[53,10901,314],{"class":228},[53,10903,74],{"class":66},[53,10905,5382],{"class":70},[53,10907,9121],{"class":66},[53,10909,9124],{"class":66},[53,10911,314],{"class":228},[53,10913,2060],{"class":232},[53,10915,314],{"class":228},[53,10917,74],{"class":66},[53,10919,77],{"class":70},[53,10921,10567],{"class":66},[53,10923,10924,10926,10928,10930],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,10925,145],{"class":144},[53,10927,127],{"class":66},[53,10929,9092],{"class":102},[53,10931,133],{"class":66},[20,10933,10934],{},[34,10935,301],{},[44,10937,10939],{"className":46,"code":10938,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,10940,10941],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10942,10943,10945,10947,10949,10951,10953,10955],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10944,9166],{"class":66},[53,10946,314],{"class":228},[53,10948,2060],{"class":232},[53,10950,314],{"class":228},[53,10952,192],{"class":66},[53,10954,77],{"class":70},[53,10956,9197],{"class":66},[20,10958,10959,10960,99],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[758,10961,10963],{"href":10962},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[39,10965,2716],{"id":2715},[20,10967,10968,10969,10971],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,10970,9007],{}," include:",[194,10973,10974,10984,10990,10993],{},[197,10975,10976,10977,10980,10981],{},"passing a list like ",[15,10978,10979],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[15,10982,10983],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[197,10985,10986,10987],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,10988,10989],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[197,10991,10992],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[197,10994,10995,10996,10998],{},"confusing ",[15,10997,9007],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,11000,11001],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[44,11003,11005],{"className":46,"code":11004,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,11006,11007,11021,11031,11042],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,11008,11009,11011,11013,11015,11017,11019],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,11010,145],{"class":144},[53,11012,127],{"class":66},[53,11014,1705],{"class":1704},[53,11016,127],{"class":66},[53,11018,9092],{"class":102},[53,11020,1713],{"class":66},[53,11022,11023,11025,11027,11029],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,11024,145],{"class":144},[53,11026,127],{"class":66},[53,11028,9092],{"class":102},[53,11030,133],{"class":66},[53,11032,11033,11035,11037,11040],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,11034,145],{"class":144},[53,11036,127],{"class":66},[53,11038,11039],{"class":102},"list_of_pairs",[53,11041,133],{"class":66},[53,11043,11044,11046,11048,11051,11053,11055],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,11045,145],{"class":144},[53,11047,127],{"class":66},[53,11049,11050],{"class":144},"len",[53,11052,127],{"class":66},[53,11054,11039],{"class":102},[53,11056,1713],{"class":66},[20,11058,11059],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[194,11061,11062,11065,11068],{},[197,11063,11064],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[197,11066,11067],{},"what data is being passed in",[197,11069,11070],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[39,11072,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,11074,1739,11076,960,11078,1744],{"id":11075},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,11077,9007],{},[15,11079,3678],{},[20,11081,11082,11084,11085,11087],{},[15,11083,3678],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,11086,9007],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[1327,11089,5053,11091,11093],{"id":11090},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,11092,9007],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,11095,11096,11097,99],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,11098,10983],{},[1327,11100,5041,11102,11105],{"id":11101},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,11103,11104],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,11107,11108],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[1327,11110,11112,11113,11115],{"id":11111},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,11114,9007],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,11117,11118,11119,11122],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,11120,11121],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[39,11124,1788],{"id":1787},[194,11126,11127,11132,11136,11141,11147],{},[197,11128,11129],{},[758,11130,11131],{"href":9279},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[197,11133,11134],{},[758,11135,9043],{"href":9042},[197,11137,11138],{},[758,11139,11140],{"href":10619},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[197,11142,11143],{},[758,11144,10625,11145,1316],{"href":10624},[15,11146,10628],{},[197,11148,11149],{},[758,11150,11151],{"href":10962},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[1817,11153,11154],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":11156},[11157,11159,11165,11166,11167,11168,11175,11181,11182,11192],{"id":9233,"depth":88,"text":11158},"What dict() does",{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372,"children":11160},[11161,11162,11163,11164],{"id":9290,"depth":109,"text":9291},{"id":9332,"depth":109,"text":9333},{"id":9436,"depth":109,"text":9437},{"id":9526,"depth":109,"text":9527},{"id":9639,"depth":88,"text":9291},{"id":9743,"depth":88,"text":9744},{"id":10165,"depth":88,"text":10166},{"id":10471,"depth":88,"text":11169,"children":11170},"dict() vs {}",[11171,11173],{"id":10487,"depth":109,"text":11172},"Use {} when:",{"id":10512,"depth":109,"text":11174},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10631,"depth":88,"text":10632,"children":11176},[11177,11178,11179,11180],{"id":10640,"depth":109,"text":10641},{"id":10761,"depth":109,"text":10762},{"id":10819,"depth":109,"text":10820},{"id":10876,"depth":109,"text":10877},{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":11183},[11184,11186,11188,11190],{"id":11075,"depth":109,"text":11185},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11090,"depth":109,"text":11187},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11101,"depth":109,"text":11189},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11111,"depth":109,"text":11191},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":8999,"description":11193},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11200,"title":11201,"body":11202,"description":12708,"extension":1853,"meta":12709,"navigation":112,"path":12710,"seo":12711,"stem":12712,"__hash__":12713},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11203,"toc":12677},[11204,11211,11217,11224,11226,11287,11292,11297,11302,11320,11323,11327,11329,11345,11348,11361,11365,11368,11502,11504,11571,11574,11590,11596,11602,11605,11687,11689,11703,11707,11713,11778,11780,11788,11791,11814,11820,11883,11889,11892,11906,11919,11923,11934,11939,11950,11957,11961,11967,12086,12088,12114,12117,12134,12137,12248,12250,12299,12301,12314,12323,12328,12333,12344,12346,12449,12472,12474,12478,12497,12500,12558,12561,12587,12589,12595,12598,12604,12608,12615,12623,12629,12632,12634,12674],[10,11205,11207,11208,18],{"id":11206},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,11209,11210],{},"clear()",[20,11212,11213,11216],{},[15,11214,11215],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,11218,11219,11220,11223],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[34,11221,11222],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[39,11225,42],{"id":41},[44,11227,11229],{"className":46,"code":11228,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,11230,11231,11263,11274],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,11232,11233,11235,11237,11239,11241,11243,11245,11247,11249,11251,11253,11255,11257,11259,11261],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,11234,9053],{"class":59},[53,11236,31],{"class":63},[53,11238,10379],{"class":66},[53,11240,229],{"class":228},[53,11242,758],{"class":232},[53,11244,229],{"class":228},[53,11246,192],{"class":66},[53,11248,5382],{"class":70},[53,11250,74],{"class":66},[53,11252,240],{"class":228},[53,11254,1376],{"class":232},[53,11256,229],{"class":228},[53,11258,192],{"class":66},[53,11260,77],{"class":70},[53,11262,9197],{"class":66},[53,11264,11265,11267,11269,11272],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,11266,9092],{"class":59},[53,11268,99],{"class":66},[53,11270,11271],{"class":102},"clear",[53,11273,106],{"class":66},[53,11275,11276,11278,11280,11282,11284],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,11277,145],{"class":144},[53,11279,127],{"class":66},[53,11281,9092],{"class":102},[53,11283,153],{"class":66},[53,11285,11286],{"class":156},"  # {}\n",[20,11288,11289,11291],{},[15,11290,11210],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[39,11293,184,11295,187],{"id":11294},"what-clear-does",[15,11296,11210],{},[20,11298,1870,11299,11301],{},[15,11300,11210],{}," method:",[194,11303,11304,11307,11310,11315],{},[197,11305,11306],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[197,11308,11309],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[197,11311,11312,11313],{},"Returns ",[15,11314,3664],{},[197,11316,11317,11318],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,11319,3678],{},[20,11321,11322],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,11324,9039,11325,99],{},[758,11326,9043],{"href":9042},[39,11328,372],{"id":371},[44,11330,11332],{"className":46,"code":11331,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,11333,11334],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,11335,11336,11339,11341,11343],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,11337,11338],{"class":59},"my_dict",[53,11340,99],{"class":66},[53,11342,11271],{"class":102},[53,11344,106],{"class":66},[20,11346,11347],{},"Important points:",[194,11349,11350,11355,11358],{},[197,11351,11352,11354],{},[15,11353,11210],{}," takes no arguments",[197,11356,11357],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[197,11359,11360],{},"It empties that dictionary",[39,11362,11364],{"id":11363},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,11366,11367],{},"Here is a basic example:",[44,11369,11371],{"className":46,"code":11370,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,11372,11373,11383,11404,11418,11435,11439,11443,11463,11467,11478,11482],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,11374,11375,11378,11380],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,11376,11377],{"class":59},"user ",[53,11379,31],{"class":63},[53,11381,11382],{"class":66}," {\n",[53,11384,11385,11388,11390,11392,11394,11396,11399,11401],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,11386,11387],{"class":228},"    \"",[53,11389,1710],{"class":232},[53,11391,229],{"class":228},[53,11393,192],{"class":66},[53,11395,240],{"class":228},[53,11397,11398],{"class":232},"Maya",[53,11400,229],{"class":228},[53,11402,11403],{"class":66},",\n",[53,11405,11406,11408,11410,11412,11414,11416],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,11407,11387],{"class":228},[53,11409,9187],{"class":232},[53,11411,229],{"class":228},[53,11413,192],{"class":66},[53,11415,9194],{"class":70},[53,11417,11403],{"class":66},[53,11419,11420,11422,11424,11426,11428,11430,11433],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,11421,11387],{"class":228},[53,11423,10297],{"class":232},[53,11425,229],{"class":228},[53,11427,192],{"class":66},[53,11429,240],{"class":228},[53,11431,11432],{"class":232},"Berlin",[53,11434,1682],{"class":228},[53,11436,11437],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,11438,9197],{"class":66},[53,11440,11441],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,11442,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,11444,11445,11447,11449,11451,11454,11456,11458,11461],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,11446,145],{"class":144},[53,11448,127],{"class":66},[53,11450,229],{"class":228},[53,11452,11453],{"class":232},"Before:",[53,11455,229],{"class":228},[53,11457,74],{"class":66},[53,11459,11460],{"class":102}," user",[53,11462,133],{"class":66},[53,11464,11465],{"class":55,"line":6312},[53,11466,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,11468,11469,11472,11474,11476],{"class":55,"line":6318},[53,11470,11471],{"class":59},"user",[53,11473,99],{"class":66},[53,11475,11271],{"class":102},[53,11477,106],{"class":66},[53,11479,11480],{"class":55,"line":6323},[53,11481,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,11483,11485,11487,11489,11491,11494,11496,11498,11500],{"class":55,"line":11484},11,[53,11486,145],{"class":144},[53,11488,127],{"class":66},[53,11490,229],{"class":228},[53,11492,11493],{"class":232},"After:",[53,11495,229],{"class":228},[53,11497,74],{"class":66},[53,11499,11460],{"class":102},[53,11501,133],{"class":66},[20,11503,5444],{},[44,11505,11507],{"className":46,"code":11506,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,11508,11509,11562],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,11510,11511,11514,11516,11518,11520,11522,11524,11526,11528,11530,11532,11534,11536,11538,11540,11542,11544,11546,11548,11550,11552,11554,11556,11558,11560],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,11512,11513],{"class":59},"Before",[53,11515,192],{"class":66},[53,11517,10379],{"class":66},[53,11519,314],{"class":228},[53,11521,1710],{"class":232},[53,11523,314],{"class":228},[53,11525,192],{"class":66},[53,11527,323],{"class":228},[53,11529,11398],{"class":232},[53,11531,314],{"class":228},[53,11533,74],{"class":66},[53,11535,323],{"class":228},[53,11537,9187],{"class":232},[53,11539,314],{"class":228},[53,11541,192],{"class":66},[53,11543,9194],{"class":70},[53,11545,74],{"class":66},[53,11547,323],{"class":228},[53,11549,10297],{"class":232},[53,11551,314],{"class":228},[53,11553,192],{"class":66},[53,11555,323],{"class":228},[53,11557,11432],{"class":232},[53,11559,314],{"class":228},[53,11561,9197],{"class":66},[53,11563,11564,11567,11569],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,11565,11566],{"class":59},"After",[53,11568,192],{"class":66},[53,11570,9727],{"class":66},[20,11572,11573],{},"What happens here:",[194,11575,11576,11581,11587],{},[197,11577,11578,11580],{},[15,11579,11471],{}," starts with three items",[197,11582,11583,11586],{},[15,11584,11585],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[197,11588,11589],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[39,11591,184,11593,11595],{"id":11592},"what-clear-returns",[15,11594,11210],{}," returns",[20,11597,11598,2285,11600,99],{},[15,11599,11210],{},[15,11601,3664],{},[20,11603,11604],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[44,11606,11608],{"className":46,"code":11607,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11609,11610,11644,11648,11663,11667,11677],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,11611,11612,11615,11617,11619,11621,11623,11625,11627,11629,11631,11633,11636,11638,11640,11642],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,11613,11614],{"class":59},"my_dict ",[53,11616,31],{"class":63},[53,11618,10379],{"class":66},[53,11620,229],{"class":228},[53,11622,2060],{"class":232},[53,11624,229],{"class":228},[53,11626,192],{"class":66},[53,11628,5382],{"class":70},[53,11630,74],{"class":66},[53,11632,240],{"class":228},[53,11634,11635],{"class":232},"y",[53,11637,229],{"class":228},[53,11639,192],{"class":66},[53,11641,77],{"class":70},[53,11643,9197],{"class":66},[53,11645,11646],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,11647,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,11649,11650,11652,11654,11657,11659,11661],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,11651,2117],{"class":59},[53,11653,31],{"class":63},[53,11655,11656],{"class":59}," my_dict",[53,11658,99],{"class":66},[53,11660,11271],{"class":102},[53,11662,106],{"class":66},[53,11664,11665],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,11666,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,11668,11669,11671,11673,11675],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,11670,145],{"class":144},[53,11672,127],{"class":66},[53,11674,2152],{"class":102},[53,11676,133],{"class":66},[53,11678,11679,11681,11683,11685],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,11680,145],{"class":144},[53,11682,127],{"class":66},[53,11684,11338],{"class":102},[53,11686,133],{"class":66},[20,11688,301],{},[44,11690,11692],{"className":46,"code":11691,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"None\n{}\n",[15,11693,11694,11699],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,11695,11696],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,11697,11698],{"class":3739},"None\n",[53,11700,11701],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,11702,9323],{"class":66},[1327,11704,11706],{"id":11705},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,11708,11709,11710,11712],{},"Do ",[34,11711,36],{}," do this:",[44,11714,11716],{"className":46,"code":11715,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11717,11718,11750,11764,11768],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,11719,11720,11722,11724,11726,11728,11730,11732,11734,11736,11738,11740,11742,11744,11746,11748],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,11721,11614],{"class":59},[53,11723,31],{"class":63},[53,11725,10379],{"class":66},[53,11727,229],{"class":228},[53,11729,2060],{"class":232},[53,11731,229],{"class":228},[53,11733,192],{"class":66},[53,11735,5382],{"class":70},[53,11737,74],{"class":66},[53,11739,240],{"class":228},[53,11741,11635],{"class":232},[53,11743,229],{"class":228},[53,11745,192],{"class":66},[53,11747,77],{"class":70},[53,11749,9197],{"class":66},[53,11751,11752,11754,11756,11758,11760,11762],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,11753,11614],{"class":59},[53,11755,31],{"class":63},[53,11757,11656],{"class":59},[53,11759,99],{"class":66},[53,11761,11271],{"class":102},[53,11763,106],{"class":66},[53,11765,11766],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,11767,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,11769,11770,11772,11774,11776],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,11771,145],{"class":144},[53,11773,127],{"class":66},[53,11775,11338],{"class":102},[53,11777,133],{"class":66},[20,11779,301],{},[44,11781,11782],{"className":46,"code":11698,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,11783,11784],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,11785,11786],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,11787,11698],{"class":3739},[20,11789,11790],{},"Why this happens:",[194,11792,11793,11799,11804],{},[197,11794,11795,11798],{},[15,11796,11797],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[197,11800,11801,11802],{},"The method returns ",[15,11803,3664],{},[197,11805,11806,11807,11810,11811,11813],{},"Then ",[15,11808,11809],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,11812,3664],{}," in the variable",[20,11815,11816,11817,11819],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,11818,11210],{}," by itself:",[44,11821,11823],{"className":46,"code":11822,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,11824,11825,11857,11867,11871],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,11826,11827,11829,11831,11833,11835,11837,11839,11841,11843,11845,11847,11849,11851,11853,11855],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,11828,11614],{"class":59},[53,11830,31],{"class":63},[53,11832,10379],{"class":66},[53,11834,229],{"class":228},[53,11836,2060],{"class":232},[53,11838,229],{"class":228},[53,11840,192],{"class":66},[53,11842,5382],{"class":70},[53,11844,74],{"class":66},[53,11846,240],{"class":228},[53,11848,11635],{"class":232},[53,11850,229],{"class":228},[53,11852,192],{"class":66},[53,11854,77],{"class":70},[53,11856,9197],{"class":66},[53,11858,11859,11861,11863,11865],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,11860,11338],{"class":59},[53,11862,99],{"class":66},[53,11864,11271],{"class":102},[53,11866,106],{"class":66},[53,11868,11869],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,11870,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,11872,11873,11875,11877,11879,11881],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,11874,145],{"class":144},[53,11876,127],{"class":66},[53,11878,11338],{"class":102},[53,11880,153],{"class":66},[53,11882,11286],{"class":156},[39,11884,11886,11888],{"id":11885},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,11887,11210],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,11890,11891],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[44,11893,11894],{"className":46,"code":11331,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,11895,11896],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,11897,11898,11900,11902,11904],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,11899,11338],{"class":59},[53,11901,99],{"class":66},[53,11903,11271],{"class":102},[53,11905,106],{"class":66},[44,11907,11909],{"className":46,"code":11908,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,11910,11911],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,11912,11913,11915,11917],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,11914,11614],{"class":59},[53,11916,31],{"class":63},[53,11918,9727],{"class":66},[1327,11920,11921],{"id":11271},[15,11922,11210],{},[194,11924,11925,11928,11931],{},[197,11926,11927],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[197,11929,11930],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[197,11932,11933],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[1327,11935,11936],{"id":11338},[15,11937,11938],{},"my_dict = {}",[194,11940,11941,11944,11947],{},[197,11942,11943],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[197,11945,11946],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[197,11948,11949],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,11951,11952,11953,99],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[758,11954,11956],{"href":11955},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[39,11958,11960],{"id":11959},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,11962,11963,11964,11966],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,11965,11210],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[44,11968,11970],{"className":46,"code":11969,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,11971,11972,12004,12014,12018,12028,12032,12051,12071],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,11973,11974,11976,11978,11980,11982,11984,11986,11988,11990,11992,11994,11996,11998,12000,12002],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,11975,796],{"class":59},[53,11977,31],{"class":63},[53,11979,10379],{"class":66},[53,11981,229],{"class":228},[53,11983,758],{"class":232},[53,11985,229],{"class":228},[53,11987,192],{"class":66},[53,11989,5382],{"class":70},[53,11991,74],{"class":66},[53,11993,240],{"class":228},[53,11995,1376],{"class":232},[53,11997,229],{"class":228},[53,11999,192],{"class":66},[53,12001,77],{"class":70},[53,12003,9197],{"class":66},[53,12005,12006,12009,12011],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,12007,12008],{"class":59},"other_ref ",[53,12010,31],{"class":63},[53,12012,12013],{"class":59}," original\n",[53,12015,12016],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,12017,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,12019,12020,12022,12024,12026],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,12021,877],{"class":59},[53,12023,99],{"class":66},[53,12025,11271],{"class":102},[53,12027,106],{"class":66},[53,12029,12030],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,12031,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,12033,12034,12036,12038,12040,12043,12045,12047,12049],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,12035,145],{"class":144},[53,12037,127],{"class":66},[53,12039,229],{"class":228},[53,12041,12042],{"class":232},"original:",[53,12044,229],{"class":228},[53,12046,74],{"class":66},[53,12048,832],{"class":102},[53,12050,133],{"class":66},[53,12052,12053,12055,12057,12059,12062,12064,12066,12069],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,12054,145],{"class":144},[53,12056,127],{"class":66},[53,12058,229],{"class":228},[53,12060,12061],{"class":232},"other_ref:",[53,12063,229],{"class":228},[53,12065,74],{"class":66},[53,12067,12068],{"class":102}," other_ref",[53,12070,133],{"class":66},[53,12072,12073,12075,12077,12079,12082,12084],{"class":55,"line":6312},[53,12074,145],{"class":144},[53,12076,127],{"class":66},[53,12078,796],{"class":102},[53,12080,12081],{"class":3764},"is",[53,12083,12068],{"class":102},[53,12085,133],{"class":66},[20,12087,301],{},[44,12089,12091],{"className":46,"code":12090,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,12092,12093,12101,12110],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,12094,12095,12097,12099],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,12096,877],{"class":59},[53,12098,192],{"class":66},[53,12100,9727],{"class":66},[53,12102,12103,12106,12108],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,12104,12105],{"class":59},"other_ref",[53,12107,192],{"class":66},[53,12109,9727],{"class":66},[53,12111,12112],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,12113,3868],{"class":3739},[20,12115,12116],{},"This shows:",[194,12118,12119,12126,12131],{},[197,12120,12121,960,12123,12125],{},[15,12122,877],{},[15,12124,12105],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[197,12127,12128,12130],{},[15,12129,11210],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[197,12132,12133],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,12135,12136],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[44,12138,12140],{"className":46,"code":12139,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12141,12142,12174,12182,12186,12194,12198,12216,12234],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,12143,12144,12146,12148,12150,12152,12154,12156,12158,12160,12162,12164,12166,12168,12170,12172],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,12145,796],{"class":59},[53,12147,31],{"class":63},[53,12149,10379],{"class":66},[53,12151,229],{"class":228},[53,12153,758],{"class":232},[53,12155,229],{"class":228},[53,12157,192],{"class":66},[53,12159,5382],{"class":70},[53,12161,74],{"class":66},[53,12163,240],{"class":228},[53,12165,1376],{"class":232},[53,12167,229],{"class":228},[53,12169,192],{"class":66},[53,12171,77],{"class":70},[53,12173,9197],{"class":66},[53,12175,12176,12178,12180],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,12177,12008],{"class":59},[53,12179,31],{"class":63},[53,12181,12013],{"class":59},[53,12183,12184],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,12185,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,12187,12188,12190,12192],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,12189,796],{"class":59},[53,12191,31],{"class":63},[53,12193,9727],{"class":66},[53,12195,12196],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,12197,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,12199,12200,12202,12204,12206,12208,12210,12212,12214],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,12201,145],{"class":144},[53,12203,127],{"class":66},[53,12205,229],{"class":228},[53,12207,12042],{"class":232},[53,12209,229],{"class":228},[53,12211,74],{"class":66},[53,12213,832],{"class":102},[53,12215,133],{"class":66},[53,12217,12218,12220,12222,12224,12226,12228,12230,12232],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,12219,145],{"class":144},[53,12221,127],{"class":66},[53,12223,229],{"class":228},[53,12225,12061],{"class":232},[53,12227,229],{"class":228},[53,12229,74],{"class":66},[53,12231,12068],{"class":102},[53,12233,133],{"class":66},[53,12235,12236,12238,12240,12242,12244,12246],{"class":55,"line":6312},[53,12237,145],{"class":144},[53,12239,127],{"class":66},[53,12241,796],{"class":102},[53,12243,12081],{"class":3764},[53,12245,12068],{"class":102},[53,12247,133],{"class":66},[20,12249,301],{},[44,12251,12253],{"className":46,"code":12252,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,12254,12255,12263,12295],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,12256,12257,12259,12261],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,12258,877],{"class":59},[53,12260,192],{"class":66},[53,12262,9727],{"class":66},[53,12264,12265,12267,12269,12271,12273,12275,12277,12279,12281,12283,12285,12287,12289,12291,12293],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,12266,12105],{"class":59},[53,12268,192],{"class":66},[53,12270,10379],{"class":66},[53,12272,314],{"class":228},[53,12274,758],{"class":232},[53,12276,314],{"class":228},[53,12278,192],{"class":66},[53,12280,5382],{"class":70},[53,12282,74],{"class":66},[53,12284,323],{"class":228},[53,12286,1376],{"class":232},[53,12288,314],{"class":228},[53,12290,192],{"class":66},[53,12292,77],{"class":70},[53,12294,9197],{"class":66},[53,12296,12297],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,12298,3929],{"class":3739},[20,12300,2065],{},[194,12302,12303,12309],{},[197,12304,12305,12308],{},[15,12306,12307],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[197,12310,12311,12313],{},[15,12312,12105],{}," still points to the old one",[20,12315,12316,12317,99],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[758,12318,12320],{"href":12319},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,12321,12322],{},"dict.copy()",[39,12324,1145,12326],{"id":12325},"when-to-use-clear",[15,12327,11210],{},[20,12329,12330,12332],{},[15,12331,11210],{}," is useful when you want to:",[194,12334,12335,12338,12341],{},[197,12336,12337],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[197,12339,12340],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[197,12342,12343],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,12345,211],{},[44,12347,12349],{"className":46,"code":12348,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,12350,12351,12360,12376,12396,12409,12413,12417,12422,12433,12437],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,12352,12353,12356,12358],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,12354,12355],{"class":59},"session_data ",[53,12357,31],{"class":63},[53,12359,11382],{"class":66},[53,12361,12362,12364,12367,12369,12371,12374],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,12363,11387],{"class":228},[53,12365,12366],{"class":232},"user_id",[53,12368,229],{"class":228},[53,12370,192],{"class":66},[53,12372,12373],{"class":70}," 101",[53,12375,11403],{"class":66},[53,12377,12378,12380,12383,12385,12387,12389,12392,12394],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,12379,11387],{"class":228},[53,12381,12382],{"class":232},"theme",[53,12384,229],{"class":228},[53,12386,192],{"class":66},[53,12388,240],{"class":228},[53,12390,12391],{"class":232},"dark",[53,12393,229],{"class":228},[53,12395,11403],{"class":66},[53,12397,12398,12400,12403,12405,12407],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,12399,11387],{"class":228},[53,12401,12402],{"class":232},"logged_in",[53,12404,229],{"class":228},[53,12406,192],{"class":66},[53,12408,6309],{"class":3739},[53,12410,12411],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,12412,9197],{"class":66},[53,12414,12415],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,12416,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,12418,12419],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,12420,12421],{"class":156},"# Reset for a new session\n",[53,12423,12424,12427,12429,12431],{"class":55,"line":6312},[53,12425,12426],{"class":59},"session_data",[53,12428,99],{"class":66},[53,12430,11271],{"class":102},[53,12432,106],{"class":66},[53,12434,12435],{"class":55,"line":6318},[53,12436,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,12438,12439,12441,12443,12445,12447],{"class":55,"line":6323},[53,12440,145],{"class":144},[53,12442,127],{"class":66},[53,12444,12426],{"class":102},[53,12446,153],{"class":66},[53,12448,11286],{"class":156},[20,12450,12451,12452,12458,12459,99,12463,12465,12466,99],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[758,12453,12455],{"href":12454},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,12456,12457],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[758,12460,12462],{"href":12461},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[9735,12464],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[758,12467,12469],{"href":12468},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,12470,12471],{},"dict.popitem()",[39,12473,2716],{"id":2715},[20,12475,10635,12476,192],{},[15,12477,11210],{},[194,12479,12480,12486,12491,12494],{},[197,12481,12482,12483,12485],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,12484,11210],{}," to a variable",[197,12487,8339,12488,12490],{},[15,12489,11210],{}," to return a new dictionary",[197,12492,12493],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[197,12495,12496],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,12498,12499],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[44,12501,12503],{"className":46,"code":12502,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,12504,12505,12515,12529,12544],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,12506,12507,12509,12511,12513],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,12508,145],{"class":144},[53,12510,127],{"class":66},[53,12512,11338],{"class":102},[53,12514,133],{"class":66},[53,12516,12517,12519,12521,12523,12525,12527],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,12518,145],{"class":144},[53,12520,127],{"class":66},[53,12522,1705],{"class":1704},[53,12524,127],{"class":66},[53,12526,11338],{"class":102},[53,12528,1713],{"class":66},[53,12530,12531,12533,12535,12538,12540,12542],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,12532,145],{"class":144},[53,12534,127],{"class":66},[53,12536,12537],{"class":144},"id",[53,12539,127],{"class":66},[53,12541,11338],{"class":102},[53,12543,1713],{"class":66},[53,12545,12546,12548,12550,12552,12554,12556],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,12547,145],{"class":144},[53,12549,127],{"class":66},[53,12551,12008],{"class":102},[53,12553,12081],{"class":3764},[53,12555,11656],{"class":102},[53,12557,133],{"class":66},[20,12559,12560],{},"What these show:",[194,12562,12563,12569,12575,12581],{},[197,12564,12565,12568],{},[15,12566,12567],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[197,12570,12571,12574],{},[15,12572,12573],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[197,12576,12577,12580],{},[15,12578,12579],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[197,12582,12583,12586],{},[15,12584,12585],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[39,12588,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,12590,1729,12592,12594],{"id":12591},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary",[15,12593,11210],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,12596,12597],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[1327,12599,5025,12601,12603],{"id":12600},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,12602,11215],{}," return?",[20,12605,5031,12606,99],{},[15,12607,3664],{},[1327,12609,1739,12611,960,12613,1744],{"id":12610},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,12612,11210],{},[15,12614,3678],{},[20,12616,12617,12619,12620,12622],{},[15,12618,11210],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,12621,3678],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[1327,12624,1729,12626,12628],{"id":12625},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,12627,11210],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,12630,12631],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[39,12633,1788],{"id":1787},[194,12635,12636,12640,12644,12651,12658,12664,12669],{},[197,12637,12638],{},[758,12639,9043],{"href":9042},[197,12641,12642],{},[758,12643,11131],{"href":9279},[197,12645,12646],{},[758,12647,10625,12648,1316],{"href":12454},[15,12649,12650],{},"pop()",[197,12652,12653],{},[758,12654,10625,12655,1316],{"href":12468},[15,12656,12657],{},"popitem()",[197,12659,12660],{},[758,12661,10625,12662,1316],{"href":12319},[15,12663,17],{},[197,12665,12666],{},[758,12667,12668],{"href":11955},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[197,12670,12671],{},[758,12672,12673],{"href":12461},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[1817,12675,12676],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":12678},[12679,12680,12682,12683,12684,12688,12693,12694,12696,12697,12707],{"id":41,"depth":88,"text":42},{"id":11294,"depth":88,"text":12681},"What clear() does",{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372},{"id":11363,"depth":88,"text":11364},{"id":11592,"depth":88,"text":12685,"children":12686},"What clear() returns",[12687],{"id":11705,"depth":109,"text":11706},{"id":11885,"depth":88,"text":12689,"children":12690},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12691,12692],{"id":11271,"depth":109,"text":11210},{"id":11338,"depth":109,"text":11938},{"id":11959,"depth":88,"text":11960},{"id":12325,"depth":88,"text":12695},"When to use clear()",{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":12698},[12699,12701,12703,12705],{"id":12591,"depth":109,"text":12700},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12600,"depth":109,"text":12702},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12610,"depth":109,"text":12704},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12625,"depth":109,"text":12706},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11201,"description":12708},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12715,"title":12716,"body":12717,"description":14867,"extension":1853,"meta":14868,"navigation":112,"path":14869,"seo":14870,"stem":14871,"__hash__":14872},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12718,"toc":14839},[12719,12724,12729,12737,12739,12827,12831,12872,12877,12884,12902,12911,12913,12934,12937,12949,12951,13024,13028,13069,13071,13074,13202,13206,13286,13289,13307,13310,13314,13320,13322,13333,13335,13528,13532,13638,13641,13659,13662,13667,13672,13676,13690,13692,13819,13823,13903,13916,13922,13925,13932,13936,14062,14066,14140,14145,14274,14278,14352,14355,14369,14373,14377,14391,14393,14529,14533,14602,14604,14609,14631,14634,14741,14744,14755,14762,14764,14770,14773,14778,14781,14788,14796,14800,14803,14805,14836],[10,12720,11207,12722,18],{"id":12721},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,12723,17],{},[20,12725,12726,12728],{},[15,12727,12322],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,12730,12731,12732,770,12734,12736],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,12733,17],{},[34,12735,180],{},", not a deep copy.",[39,12738,42],{"id":41},[44,12740,12742],{"className":46,"code":12741,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,12743,12744,12782,12798,12802,12813],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,12745,12746,12749,12751,12753,12755,12757,12759,12761,12763,12766,12768,12770,12772,12774,12776,12778,12780],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,12747,12748],{"class":59},"student ",[53,12750,31],{"class":63},[53,12752,10379],{"class":66},[53,12754,229],{"class":228},[53,12756,1710],{"class":232},[53,12758,229],{"class":228},[53,12760,192],{"class":66},[53,12762,240],{"class":228},[53,12764,12765],{"class":232},"Ana",[53,12767,229],{"class":228},[53,12769,74],{"class":66},[53,12771,240],{"class":228},[53,12773,9187],{"class":232},[53,12775,229],{"class":228},[53,12777,192],{"class":66},[53,12779,1193],{"class":70},[53,12781,9197],{"class":66},[53,12783,12784,12787,12789,12792,12794,12796],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,12785,12786],{"class":59},"student_copy ",[53,12788,31],{"class":63},[53,12790,12791],{"class":59}," student",[53,12793,99],{"class":66},[53,12795,103],{"class":102},[53,12797,106],{"class":66},[53,12799,12800],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,12801,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,12803,12804,12806,12808,12811],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,12805,145],{"class":144},[53,12807,127],{"class":66},[53,12809,12810],{"class":102},"student_copy",[53,12812,133],{"class":66},[53,12814,12815,12817,12819,12821,12823,12825],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,12816,145],{"class":144},[53,12818,127],{"class":66},[53,12820,12786],{"class":102},[53,12822,12081],{"class":3764},[53,12824,12791],{"class":102},[53,12826,133],{"class":66},[20,12828,12829],{},[34,12830,301],{},[44,12832,12834],{"className":46,"code":12833,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,12835,12836,12868],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,12837,12838,12840,12842,12844,12846,12848,12850,12852,12854,12856,12858,12860,12862,12864,12866],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,12839,9166],{"class":66},[53,12841,314],{"class":228},[53,12843,1710],{"class":232},[53,12845,314],{"class":228},[53,12847,192],{"class":66},[53,12849,323],{"class":228},[53,12851,12765],{"class":232},[53,12853,314],{"class":228},[53,12855,74],{"class":66},[53,12857,323],{"class":228},[53,12859,9187],{"class":232},[53,12861,314],{"class":228},[53,12863,192],{"class":66},[53,12865,1193],{"class":70},[53,12867,9197],{"class":66},[53,12869,12870],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,12871,3929],{"class":3739},[20,12873,174,12874,12876],{},[15,12875,17],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[39,12878,12880,12881,12883],{"id":12879},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,12882,17],{}," method does",[194,12885,12886,12891,12894,12899],{},[197,12887,12888,12890],{},[15,12889,12322],{}," returns a new dictionary",[197,12892,12893],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[197,12895,12896,12897],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,12898,17],{},[197,12900,12901],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,12903,12904,12905,2765,12908,99],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[758,12906,9043],{"href":12907},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[758,12909,9280],{"href":12910},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[39,12912,372],{"id":371},[44,12914,12916],{"className":46,"code":12915,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,12917,12918],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,12919,12920,12923,12925,12928,12930,12932],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,12921,12922],{"class":59},"new_dict ",[53,12924,31],{"class":63},[53,12926,12927],{"class":59}," old_dict",[53,12929,99],{"class":66},[53,12931,103],{"class":102},[53,12933,106],{"class":66},[20,12935,12936],{},"Key points:",[194,12938,12939,12943,12946],{},[197,12940,12941,11354],{},[15,12942,17],{},[197,12944,12945],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[197,12947,12948],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,12950,211],{},[44,12952,12954],{"className":46,"code":12953,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,12955,12956,12996,13010,13014],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,12957,12958,12960,12962,12964,12966,12968,12970,12972,12974,12976,12978,12980,12982,12984,12986,12988,12990,12992,12994],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,12959,1025],{"class":59},[53,12961,31],{"class":63},[53,12963,10379],{"class":66},[53,12965,229],{"class":228},[53,12967,758],{"class":232},[53,12969,229],{"class":228},[53,12971,192],{"class":66},[53,12973,240],{"class":228},[53,12975,1034],{"class":232},[53,12977,229],{"class":228},[53,12979,74],{"class":66},[53,12981,240],{"class":228},[53,12983,1376],{"class":232},[53,12985,229],{"class":228},[53,12987,192],{"class":66},[53,12989,240],{"class":228},[53,12991,1043],{"class":232},[53,12993,229],{"class":228},[53,12995,9197],{"class":66},[53,12997,12998,13000,13002,13004,13006,13008],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,12999,1052],{"class":59},[53,13001,31],{"class":63},[53,13003,1057],{"class":59},[53,13005,99],{"class":66},[53,13007,103],{"class":102},[53,13009,106],{"class":66},[53,13011,13012],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,13013,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,13015,13016,13018,13020,13022],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,13017,145],{"class":144},[53,13019,127],{"class":66},[53,13021,1076],{"class":102},[53,13023,133],{"class":66},[20,13025,13026],{},[34,13027,301],{},[44,13029,13031],{"className":46,"code":13030,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,13032,13033],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,13034,13035,13037,13039,13041,13043,13045,13047,13049,13051,13053,13055,13057,13059,13061,13063,13065,13067],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,13036,9166],{"class":66},[53,13038,314],{"class":228},[53,13040,758],{"class":232},[53,13042,314],{"class":228},[53,13044,192],{"class":66},[53,13046,323],{"class":228},[53,13048,1034],{"class":232},[53,13050,314],{"class":228},[53,13052,74],{"class":66},[53,13054,323],{"class":228},[53,13056,1376],{"class":232},[53,13058,314],{"class":228},[53,13060,192],{"class":66},[53,13062,323],{"class":228},[53,13064,1043],{"class":232},[53,13066,314],{"class":228},[53,13068,9197],{"class":66},[39,13070,11364],{"id":11363},[20,13072,13073],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[44,13075,13077],{"className":46,"code":13076,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,13078,13079,13117,13133,13137,13159,13163,13182],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,13080,13081,13084,13086,13088,13090,13092,13094,13096,13098,13101,13103,13105,13107,13109,13111,13113,13115],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,13082,13083],{"class":59},"person ",[53,13085,31],{"class":63},[53,13087,10379],{"class":66},[53,13089,229],{"class":228},[53,13091,1710],{"class":232},[53,13093,229],{"class":228},[53,13095,192],{"class":66},[53,13097,240],{"class":228},[53,13099,13100],{"class":232},"Liam",[53,13102,229],{"class":228},[53,13104,74],{"class":66},[53,13106,240],{"class":228},[53,13108,9187],{"class":232},[53,13110,229],{"class":228},[53,13112,192],{"class":66},[53,13114,9194],{"class":70},[53,13116,9197],{"class":66},[53,13118,13119,13122,13124,13127,13129,13131],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,13120,13121],{"class":59},"person_copy ",[53,13123,31],{"class":63},[53,13125,13126],{"class":59}," person",[53,13128,99],{"class":66},[53,13130,103],{"class":102},[53,13132,106],{"class":66},[53,13134,13135],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,13136,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,13138,13139,13142,13144,13146,13148,13150,13153,13156],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,13140,13141],{"class":59},"person_copy",[53,13143,311],{"class":66},[53,13145,229],{"class":228},[53,13147,9187],{"class":232},[53,13149,229],{"class":228},[53,13151,13152],{"class":66},"]",[53,13154,13155],{"class":63}," =",[53,13157,13158],{"class":70}," 26\n",[53,13160,13161],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,13162,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,13164,13165,13167,13169,13171,13174,13176,13178,13180],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,13166,145],{"class":144},[53,13168,127],{"class":66},[53,13170,229],{"class":228},[53,13172,13173],{"class":232},"Original:",[53,13175,229],{"class":228},[53,13177,74],{"class":66},[53,13179,13126],{"class":102},[53,13181,133],{"class":66},[53,13183,13184,13186,13188,13190,13193,13195,13197,13200],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,13185,145],{"class":144},[53,13187,127],{"class":66},[53,13189,229],{"class":228},[53,13191,13192],{"class":232},"Copy:",[53,13194,229],{"class":228},[53,13196,74],{"class":66},[53,13198,13199],{"class":102}," person_copy",[53,13201,133],{"class":66},[20,13203,13204],{},[34,13205,301],{},[44,13207,13209],{"className":46,"code":13208,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,13210,13211,13248],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,13212,13213,13216,13218,13220,13222,13224,13226,13228,13230,13232,13234,13236,13238,13240,13242,13244,13246],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,13214,13215],{"class":59},"Original",[53,13217,192],{"class":66},[53,13219,10379],{"class":66},[53,13221,314],{"class":228},[53,13223,1710],{"class":232},[53,13225,314],{"class":228},[53,13227,192],{"class":66},[53,13229,323],{"class":228},[53,13231,13100],{"class":232},[53,13233,314],{"class":228},[53,13235,74],{"class":66},[53,13237,323],{"class":228},[53,13239,9187],{"class":232},[53,13241,314],{"class":228},[53,13243,192],{"class":66},[53,13245,9194],{"class":70},[53,13247,9197],{"class":66},[53,13249,13250,13253,13255,13257,13259,13261,13263,13265,13267,13269,13271,13273,13275,13277,13279,13281,13284],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,13251,13252],{"class":59},"Copy",[53,13254,192],{"class":66},[53,13256,10379],{"class":66},[53,13258,314],{"class":228},[53,13260,1710],{"class":232},[53,13262,314],{"class":228},[53,13264,192],{"class":66},[53,13266,323],{"class":228},[53,13268,13100],{"class":232},[53,13270,314],{"class":228},[53,13272,74],{"class":66},[53,13274,323],{"class":228},[53,13276,9187],{"class":232},[53,13278,314],{"class":228},[53,13280,192],{"class":66},[53,13282,13283],{"class":70}," 26",[53,13285,9197],{"class":66},[20,13287,13288],{},"What happened here:",[194,13290,13291,13297,13304],{},[197,13292,13293,13296],{},[15,13294,13295],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[197,13298,13299,13300,13303],{},"Changing ",[15,13301,13302],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[197,13305,13306],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,13308,13309],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[39,13311,13313],{"id":13312},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,13315,13316,770,13318,99],{},[15,13317,17],{},[34,13319,180],{},[20,13321,775],{},[194,13323,13324,13327,13330],{},[197,13325,13326],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[197,13328,13329],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[197,13331,13332],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,13334,211],{},[44,13336,13338],{"className":46,"code":13337,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,13339,13340,13348,13366,13389,13393,13397,13411,13415,13438,13442,13460,13479,13494],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,13341,13342,13344,13346],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,13343,12748],{"class":59},[53,13345,31],{"class":63},[53,13347,11382],{"class":66},[53,13349,13350,13352,13354,13356,13358,13360,13362,13364],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,13351,11387],{"class":228},[53,13353,1710],{"class":232},[53,13355,229],{"class":228},[53,13357,192],{"class":66},[53,13359,240],{"class":228},[53,13361,12765],{"class":232},[53,13363,229],{"class":228},[53,13365,11403],{"class":66},[53,13367,13368,13370,13373,13375,13377,13379,13382,13384,13387],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,13369,11387],{"class":228},[53,13371,13372],{"class":232},"grades",[53,13374,229],{"class":228},[53,13376,192],{"class":66},[53,13378,67],{"class":66},[53,13380,13381],{"class":70},"90",[53,13383,74],{"class":66},[53,13385,13386],{"class":70}," 85",[53,13388,85],{"class":66},[53,13390,13391],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,13392,9197],{"class":66},[53,13394,13395],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,13396,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,13398,13399,13401,13403,13405,13407,13409],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,13400,12786],{"class":59},[53,13402,31],{"class":63},[53,13404,12791],{"class":59},[53,13406,99],{"class":66},[53,13408,103],{"class":102},[53,13410,106],{"class":66},[53,13412,13413],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,13414,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,13416,13417,13419,13421,13423,13425,13427,13429,13431,13433,13436],{"class":55,"line":6312},[53,13418,12810],{"class":59},[53,13420,311],{"class":66},[53,13422,229],{"class":228},[53,13424,13372],{"class":232},[53,13426,229],{"class":228},[53,13428,855],{"class":66},[53,13430,124],{"class":102},[53,13432,127],{"class":66},[53,13434,13435],{"class":70},"100",[53,13437,133],{"class":66},[53,13439,13440],{"class":55,"line":6318},[53,13441,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,13443,13444,13446,13448,13450,13452,13454,13456,13458],{"class":55,"line":6323},[53,13445,145],{"class":144},[53,13447,127],{"class":66},[53,13449,229],{"class":228},[53,13451,13173],{"class":232},[53,13453,229],{"class":228},[53,13455,74],{"class":66},[53,13457,12791],{"class":102},[53,13459,133],{"class":66},[53,13461,13462,13464,13466,13468,13470,13472,13474,13477],{"class":55,"line":11484},[53,13463,145],{"class":144},[53,13465,127],{"class":66},[53,13467,229],{"class":228},[53,13469,13192],{"class":232},[53,13471,229],{"class":228},[53,13473,74],{"class":66},[53,13475,13476],{"class":102}," student_copy",[53,13478,133],{"class":66},[53,13480,13482,13484,13486,13488,13490,13492],{"class":55,"line":13481},12,[53,13483,145],{"class":144},[53,13485,127],{"class":66},[53,13487,12748],{"class":102},[53,13489,12081],{"class":3764},[53,13491,13476],{"class":102},[53,13493,133],{"class":66},[53,13495,13497,13499,13501,13504,13506,13508,13510,13512,13514,13516,13518,13520,13522,13524,13526],{"class":55,"line":13496},13,[53,13498,145],{"class":144},[53,13500,127],{"class":66},[53,13502,13503],{"class":102},"student",[53,13505,311],{"class":66},[53,13507,229],{"class":228},[53,13509,13372],{"class":232},[53,13511,229],{"class":228},[53,13513,13152],{"class":66},[53,13515,7982],{"class":3764},[53,13517,13476],{"class":102},[53,13519,311],{"class":66},[53,13521,229],{"class":228},[53,13523,13372],{"class":232},[53,13525,229],{"class":228},[53,13527,3777],{"class":66},[20,13529,13530],{},[34,13531,301],{},[44,13533,13535],{"className":46,"code":13534,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,13536,13537,13584,13630,13634],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,13538,13539,13541,13543,13545,13547,13549,13551,13553,13555,13557,13559,13561,13563,13565,13567,13569,13571,13573,13575,13577,13579,13581],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,13540,13215],{"class":59},[53,13542,192],{"class":66},[53,13544,10379],{"class":66},[53,13546,314],{"class":228},[53,13548,1710],{"class":232},[53,13550,314],{"class":228},[53,13552,192],{"class":66},[53,13554,323],{"class":228},[53,13556,12765],{"class":232},[53,13558,314],{"class":228},[53,13560,74],{"class":66},[53,13562,323],{"class":228},[53,13564,13372],{"class":232},[53,13566,314],{"class":228},[53,13568,192],{"class":66},[53,13570,67],{"class":66},[53,13572,13381],{"class":70},[53,13574,74],{"class":66},[53,13576,13386],{"class":70},[53,13578,74],{"class":66},[53,13580,10007],{"class":70},[53,13582,13583],{"class":66},"]}\n",[53,13585,13586,13588,13590,13592,13594,13596,13598,13600,13602,13604,13606,13608,13610,13612,13614,13616,13618,13620,13622,13624,13626,13628],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,13587,13252],{"class":59},[53,13589,192],{"class":66},[53,13591,10379],{"class":66},[53,13593,314],{"class":228},[53,13595,1710],{"class":232},[53,13597,314],{"class":228},[53,13599,192],{"class":66},[53,13601,323],{"class":228},[53,13603,12765],{"class":232},[53,13605,314],{"class":228},[53,13607,74],{"class":66},[53,13609,323],{"class":228},[53,13611,13372],{"class":232},[53,13613,314],{"class":228},[53,13615,192],{"class":66},[53,13617,67],{"class":66},[53,13619,13381],{"class":70},[53,13621,74],{"class":66},[53,13623,13386],{"class":70},[53,13625,74],{"class":66},[53,13627,10007],{"class":70},[53,13629,13583],{"class":66},[53,13631,13632],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,13633,3929],{"class":3739},[53,13635,13636],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,13637,3868],{"class":3739},[20,13639,13640],{},"Notice the difference:",[194,13642,13643,13651],{},[197,13644,13645,4669,13648,13650],{},[15,13646,13647],{},"student is student_copy",[15,13649,3560],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[197,13652,13653,4669,13656,13658],{},[15,13654,13655],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,13657,3492],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,13660,13661],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,13663,13664,13665,99],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[758,13666,994],{"href":993},[39,13668,1145,13670],{"id":13669},"when-to-use-copy",[15,13671,17],{},[20,13673,174,13674,1152],{},[15,13675,17],{},[194,13677,13678,13681,13684,13687],{},[197,13679,13680],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[197,13682,13683],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[197,13685,13686],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[197,13688,13689],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,13691,211],{},[44,13693,13695],{"className":46,"code":13694,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,13696,13697,13736,13752,13756,13776,13780,13799],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,13698,13699,13702,13704,13706,13708,13710,13712,13714,13716,13718,13720,13722,13724,13727,13729,13731,13734],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,13700,13701],{"class":59},"settings ",[53,13703,31],{"class":63},[53,13705,10379],{"class":66},[53,13707,229],{"class":228},[53,13709,12382],{"class":232},[53,13711,229],{"class":228},[53,13713,192],{"class":66},[53,13715,240],{"class":228},[53,13717,12391],{"class":232},[53,13719,229],{"class":228},[53,13721,74],{"class":66},[53,13723,240],{"class":228},[53,13725,13726],{"class":232},"font_size",[53,13728,229],{"class":228},[53,13730,192],{"class":66},[53,13732,13733],{"class":70}," 14",[53,13735,9197],{"class":66},[53,13737,13738,13741,13743,13746,13748,13750],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,13739,13740],{"class":59},"settings_backup ",[53,13742,31],{"class":63},[53,13744,13745],{"class":59}," settings",[53,13747,99],{"class":66},[53,13749,103],{"class":102},[53,13751,106],{"class":66},[53,13753,13754],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,13755,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,13757,13758,13761,13763,13765,13767,13769,13771,13773],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,13759,13760],{"class":59},"settings",[53,13762,311],{"class":66},[53,13764,229],{"class":228},[53,13766,13726],{"class":232},[53,13768,229],{"class":228},[53,13770,13152],{"class":66},[53,13772,13155],{"class":63},[53,13774,13775],{"class":70}," 16\n",[53,13777,13778],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,13779,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,13781,13782,13784,13786,13788,13791,13793,13795,13797],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,13783,145],{"class":144},[53,13785,127],{"class":66},[53,13787,229],{"class":228},[53,13789,13790],{"class":232},"Current:",[53,13792,229],{"class":228},[53,13794,74],{"class":66},[53,13796,13745],{"class":102},[53,13798,133],{"class":66},[53,13800,13801,13803,13805,13807,13810,13812,13814,13817],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,13802,145],{"class":144},[53,13804,127],{"class":66},[53,13806,229],{"class":228},[53,13808,13809],{"class":232},"Backup:",[53,13811,229],{"class":228},[53,13813,74],{"class":66},[53,13815,13816],{"class":102}," settings_backup",[53,13818,133],{"class":66},[20,13820,13821],{},[34,13822,301],{},[44,13824,13826],{"className":46,"code":13825,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,13827,13828,13866],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,13829,13830,13833,13835,13837,13839,13841,13843,13845,13847,13849,13851,13853,13855,13857,13859,13861,13864],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,13831,13832],{"class":59},"Current",[53,13834,192],{"class":66},[53,13836,10379],{"class":66},[53,13838,314],{"class":228},[53,13840,12382],{"class":232},[53,13842,314],{"class":228},[53,13844,192],{"class":66},[53,13846,323],{"class":228},[53,13848,12391],{"class":232},[53,13850,314],{"class":228},[53,13852,74],{"class":66},[53,13854,323],{"class":228},[53,13856,13726],{"class":232},[53,13858,314],{"class":228},[53,13860,192],{"class":66},[53,13862,13863],{"class":70}," 16",[53,13865,9197],{"class":66},[53,13867,13868,13871,13873,13875,13877,13879,13881,13883,13885,13887,13889,13891,13893,13895,13897,13899,13901],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,13869,13870],{"class":59},"Backup",[53,13872,192],{"class":66},[53,13874,10379],{"class":66},[53,13876,314],{"class":228},[53,13878,12382],{"class":232},[53,13880,314],{"class":228},[53,13882,192],{"class":66},[53,13884,323],{"class":228},[53,13886,12391],{"class":232},[53,13888,314],{"class":228},[53,13890,74],{"class":66},[53,13892,323],{"class":228},[53,13894,13726],{"class":232},[53,13896,314],{"class":228},[53,13898,192],{"class":66},[53,13900,13733],{"class":70},[53,13902,9197],{"class":66},[20,13904,13905,13906,2765,13912,99],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[758,13907,13909],{"href":13908},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,13910,13911],{},"dict.update()",[758,13913,13914],{"href":12710},[15,13915,11215],{},[39,13917,13919,13921],{"id":13918},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,13920,17],{}," vs assignment",[20,13923,13924],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,13926,485,13927,32,13929,13931],{},[15,13928,31],{},[34,13930,36],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[1327,13933,13935],{"id":13934},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[44,13937,13939],{"className":46,"code":13938,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,13940,13941,13973,13982,13986,14006,14010,14028,14048],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,13942,13943,13945,13947,13949,13951,13953,13955,13957,13959,13961,13963,13965,13967,13969,13971],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,13944,796],{"class":59},[53,13946,31],{"class":63},[53,13948,10379],{"class":66},[53,13950,229],{"class":228},[53,13952,2060],{"class":232},[53,13954,229],{"class":228},[53,13956,192],{"class":66},[53,13958,5382],{"class":70},[53,13960,74],{"class":66},[53,13962,240],{"class":228},[53,13964,11635],{"class":232},[53,13966,229],{"class":228},[53,13968,192],{"class":66},[53,13970,77],{"class":70},[53,13972,9197],{"class":66},[53,13974,13975,13978,13980],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,13976,13977],{"class":59},"assigned ",[53,13979,31],{"class":63},[53,13981,12013],{"class":59},[53,13983,13984],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,13985,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,13987,13988,13991,13993,13995,13997,13999,14001,14003],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,13989,13990],{"class":59},"assigned",[53,13992,311],{"class":66},[53,13994,229],{"class":228},[53,13996,2060],{"class":232},[53,13998,229],{"class":228},[53,14000,13152],{"class":66},[53,14002,13155],{"class":63},[53,14004,14005],{"class":70}," 99\n",[53,14007,14008],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,14009,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,14011,14012,14014,14016,14018,14020,14022,14024,14026],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,14013,145],{"class":144},[53,14015,127],{"class":66},[53,14017,229],{"class":228},[53,14019,13173],{"class":232},[53,14021,229],{"class":228},[53,14023,74],{"class":66},[53,14025,832],{"class":102},[53,14027,133],{"class":66},[53,14029,14030,14032,14034,14036,14039,14041,14043,14046],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,14031,145],{"class":144},[53,14033,127],{"class":66},[53,14035,229],{"class":228},[53,14037,14038],{"class":232},"Assigned:",[53,14040,229],{"class":228},[53,14042,74],{"class":66},[53,14044,14045],{"class":102}," assigned",[53,14047,133],{"class":66},[53,14049,14050,14052,14054,14056,14058,14060],{"class":55,"line":6312},[53,14051,145],{"class":144},[53,14053,127],{"class":66},[53,14055,796],{"class":102},[53,14057,12081],{"class":3764},[53,14059,14045],{"class":102},[53,14061,133],{"class":66},[20,14063,14064],{},[34,14065,301],{},[44,14067,14069],{"className":46,"code":14068,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,14070,14071,14103,14136],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,14072,14073,14075,14077,14079,14081,14083,14085,14087,14089,14091,14093,14095,14097,14099,14101],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,14074,13215],{"class":59},[53,14076,192],{"class":66},[53,14078,10379],{"class":66},[53,14080,314],{"class":228},[53,14082,2060],{"class":232},[53,14084,314],{"class":228},[53,14086,192],{"class":66},[53,14088,912],{"class":70},[53,14090,74],{"class":66},[53,14092,323],{"class":228},[53,14094,11635],{"class":232},[53,14096,314],{"class":228},[53,14098,192],{"class":66},[53,14100,77],{"class":70},[53,14102,9197],{"class":66},[53,14104,14105,14108,14110,14112,14114,14116,14118,14120,14122,14124,14126,14128,14130,14132,14134],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,14106,14107],{"class":59},"Assigned",[53,14109,192],{"class":66},[53,14111,10379],{"class":66},[53,14113,314],{"class":228},[53,14115,2060],{"class":232},[53,14117,314],{"class":228},[53,14119,192],{"class":66},[53,14121,912],{"class":70},[53,14123,74],{"class":66},[53,14125,323],{"class":228},[53,14127,11635],{"class":232},[53,14129,314],{"class":228},[53,14131,192],{"class":66},[53,14133,77],{"class":70},[53,14135,9197],{"class":66},[53,14137,14138],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,14139,3868],{"class":3739},[1327,14141,485,14143],{"id":14142},"using-copy",[15,14144,17],{},[44,14146,14148],{"className":46,"code":14147,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,14149,14150,14182,14196,14200,14218,14222,14240,14260],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,14151,14152,14154,14156,14158,14160,14162,14164,14166,14168,14170,14172,14174,14176,14178,14180],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,14153,796],{"class":59},[53,14155,31],{"class":63},[53,14157,10379],{"class":66},[53,14159,229],{"class":228},[53,14161,2060],{"class":232},[53,14163,229],{"class":228},[53,14165,192],{"class":66},[53,14167,5382],{"class":70},[53,14169,74],{"class":66},[53,14171,240],{"class":228},[53,14173,11635],{"class":232},[53,14175,229],{"class":228},[53,14177,192],{"class":66},[53,14179,77],{"class":70},[53,14181,9197],{"class":66},[53,14183,14184,14186,14188,14190,14192,14194],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,14185,827],{"class":59},[53,14187,31],{"class":63},[53,14189,832],{"class":59},[53,14191,99],{"class":66},[53,14193,103],{"class":102},[53,14195,106],{"class":66},[53,14197,14198],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,14199,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,14201,14202,14204,14206,14208,14210,14212,14214,14216],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,14203,847],{"class":59},[53,14205,311],{"class":66},[53,14207,229],{"class":228},[53,14209,2060],{"class":232},[53,14211,229],{"class":228},[53,14213,13152],{"class":66},[53,14215,13155],{"class":63},[53,14217,14005],{"class":70},[53,14219,14220],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,14221,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,14223,14224,14226,14228,14230,14232,14234,14236,14238],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,14225,145],{"class":144},[53,14227,127],{"class":66},[53,14229,229],{"class":228},[53,14231,13173],{"class":232},[53,14233,229],{"class":228},[53,14235,74],{"class":66},[53,14237,832],{"class":102},[53,14239,133],{"class":66},[53,14241,14242,14244,14246,14248,14251,14253,14255,14258],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,14243,145],{"class":144},[53,14245,127],{"class":66},[53,14247,229],{"class":228},[53,14249,14250],{"class":232},"Copied:",[53,14252,229],{"class":228},[53,14254,74],{"class":66},[53,14256,14257],{"class":102}," copied",[53,14259,133],{"class":66},[53,14261,14262,14264,14266,14268,14270,14272],{"class":55,"line":6312},[53,14263,145],{"class":144},[53,14265,127],{"class":66},[53,14267,796],{"class":102},[53,14269,12081],{"class":3764},[53,14271,14257],{"class":102},[53,14273,133],{"class":66},[20,14275,14276],{},[34,14277,301],{},[44,14279,14281],{"className":46,"code":14280,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,14282,14283,14315,14348],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,14284,14285,14287,14289,14291,14293,14295,14297,14299,14301,14303,14305,14307,14309,14311,14313],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,14286,13215],{"class":59},[53,14288,192],{"class":66},[53,14290,10379],{"class":66},[53,14292,314],{"class":228},[53,14294,2060],{"class":232},[53,14296,314],{"class":228},[53,14298,192],{"class":66},[53,14300,5382],{"class":70},[53,14302,74],{"class":66},[53,14304,323],{"class":228},[53,14306,11635],{"class":232},[53,14308,314],{"class":228},[53,14310,192],{"class":66},[53,14312,77],{"class":70},[53,14314,9197],{"class":66},[53,14316,14317,14320,14322,14324,14326,14328,14330,14332,14334,14336,14338,14340,14342,14344,14346],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,14318,14319],{"class":59},"Copied",[53,14321,192],{"class":66},[53,14323,10379],{"class":66},[53,14325,314],{"class":228},[53,14327,2060],{"class":232},[53,14329,314],{"class":228},[53,14331,192],{"class":66},[53,14333,912],{"class":70},[53,14335,74],{"class":66},[53,14337,323],{"class":228},[53,14339,11635],{"class":232},[53,14341,314],{"class":228},[53,14343,192],{"class":66},[53,14345,77],{"class":70},[53,14347,9197],{"class":66},[53,14349,14350],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,14351,3929],{"class":3739},[20,14353,14354],{},"Summary:",[194,14356,14357,14363],{},[197,14358,14359,14362],{},[15,14360,14361],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[197,14364,14365,14368],{},[15,14366,14367],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[39,14370,14372],{"id":14371},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,14374,14375,192],{},[15,14376,17],{},[194,14378,14379,14382,14385,14388],{},[197,14380,14381],{},"Returns a dictionary",[197,14383,14384],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[197,14386,14387],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[197,14389,14390],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,14392,211],{},[44,14394,14396],{"className":46,"code":14395,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,14397,14398,14430,14446,14450,14468,14488,14492,14510],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,14399,14400,14402,14404,14406,14408,14410,14412,14414,14416,14418,14420,14422,14424,14426,14428],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,14401,9053],{"class":59},[53,14403,31],{"class":63},[53,14405,10379],{"class":66},[53,14407,229],{"class":228},[53,14409,758],{"class":232},[53,14411,229],{"class":228},[53,14413,192],{"class":66},[53,14415,5382],{"class":70},[53,14417,74],{"class":66},[53,14419,240],{"class":228},[53,14421,1376],{"class":232},[53,14423,229],{"class":228},[53,14425,192],{"class":66},[53,14427,77],{"class":70},[53,14429,9197],{"class":66},[53,14431,14432,14435,14437,14440,14442,14444],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,14433,14434],{"class":59},"data_copy ",[53,14436,31],{"class":63},[53,14438,14439],{"class":59}," data",[53,14441,99],{"class":66},[53,14443,103],{"class":102},[53,14445,106],{"class":66},[53,14447,14448],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,14449,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,14451,14452,14454,14456,14458,14460,14462,14464,14466],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,14453,9092],{"class":59},[53,14455,311],{"class":66},[53,14457,229],{"class":228},[53,14459,758],{"class":232},[53,14461,229],{"class":228},[53,14463,13152],{"class":66},[53,14465,13155],{"class":63},[53,14467,2472],{"class":70},[53,14469,14470,14473,14475,14477,14479,14481,14483,14485],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,14471,14472],{"class":59},"data_copy",[53,14474,311],{"class":66},[53,14476,229],{"class":228},[53,14478,1376],{"class":232},[53,14480,229],{"class":228},[53,14482,13152],{"class":66},[53,14484,13155],{"class":63},[53,14486,14487],{"class":70}," 20\n",[53,14489,14490],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,14491,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,14493,14494,14496,14498,14500,14502,14504,14506,14508],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,14495,145],{"class":144},[53,14497,127],{"class":66},[53,14499,229],{"class":228},[53,14501,13173],{"class":232},[53,14503,229],{"class":228},[53,14505,74],{"class":66},[53,14507,14439],{"class":102},[53,14509,133],{"class":66},[53,14511,14512,14514,14516,14518,14520,14522,14524,14527],{"class":55,"line":6312},[53,14513,145],{"class":144},[53,14515,127],{"class":66},[53,14517,229],{"class":228},[53,14519,13192],{"class":232},[53,14521,229],{"class":228},[53,14523,74],{"class":66},[53,14525,14526],{"class":102}," data_copy",[53,14528,133],{"class":66},[20,14530,14531],{},[34,14532,301],{},[44,14534,14536],{"className":46,"code":14535,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,14537,14538,14570],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,14539,14540,14542,14544,14546,14548,14550,14552,14554,14556,14558,14560,14562,14564,14566,14568],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,14541,13215],{"class":59},[53,14543,192],{"class":66},[53,14545,10379],{"class":66},[53,14547,314],{"class":228},[53,14549,758],{"class":232},[53,14551,314],{"class":228},[53,14553,192],{"class":66},[53,14555,5890],{"class":70},[53,14557,74],{"class":66},[53,14559,323],{"class":228},[53,14561,1376],{"class":232},[53,14563,314],{"class":228},[53,14565,192],{"class":66},[53,14567,77],{"class":70},[53,14569,9197],{"class":66},[53,14571,14572,14574,14576,14578,14580,14582,14584,14586,14588,14590,14592,14594,14596,14598,14600],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,14573,13252],{"class":59},[53,14575,192],{"class":66},[53,14577,10379],{"class":66},[53,14579,314],{"class":228},[53,14581,758],{"class":232},[53,14583,314],{"class":228},[53,14585,192],{"class":66},[53,14587,5382],{"class":70},[53,14589,74],{"class":66},[53,14591,323],{"class":228},[53,14593,1376],{"class":232},[53,14595,314],{"class":228},[53,14597,192],{"class":66},[53,14599,1193],{"class":70},[53,14601,9197],{"class":66},[39,14603,2716],{"id":2715},[20,14605,14606,14607,192],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,14608,12322],{},[194,14610,14611,14618,14623,14628],{},[197,14612,485,14613,10980,14615,14617],{},[15,14614,31],{},[15,14616,17],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[197,14619,4465,14620,14622],{},[15,14621,17],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[197,14624,14625,14626],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,14627,17],{},[197,14629,14630],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,14632,14633],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[44,14635,14637],{"className":46,"code":14636,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,14638,14639,14649,14659,14673,14696,14719],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,14640,14641,14643,14645,14647],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,14642,145],{"class":144},[53,14644,127],{"class":66},[53,14646,877],{"class":102},[53,14648,133],{"class":66},[53,14650,14651,14653,14655,14657],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,14652,145],{"class":144},[53,14654,127],{"class":66},[53,14656,847],{"class":102},[53,14658,133],{"class":66},[53,14660,14661,14663,14665,14667,14669,14671],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,14662,145],{"class":144},[53,14664,127],{"class":66},[53,14666,796],{"class":102},[53,14668,12081],{"class":3764},[53,14670,14257],{"class":102},[53,14672,133],{"class":66},[53,14674,14675,14677,14679,14681,14683,14685,14687,14690,14692,14694],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,14676,145],{"class":144},[53,14678,127],{"class":66},[53,14680,12537],{"class":144},[53,14682,127],{"class":66},[53,14684,877],{"class":102},[53,14686,9121],{"class":66},[53,14688,14689],{"class":144}," id",[53,14691,127],{"class":66},[53,14693,847],{"class":102},[53,14695,1713],{"class":66},[53,14697,14698,14700,14702,14704,14706,14708,14710,14712,14715,14717],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,14699,145],{"class":144},[53,14701,127],{"class":66},[53,14703,12537],{"class":144},[53,14705,127],{"class":66},[53,14707,877],{"class":102},[53,14709,311],{"class":66},[53,14711,229],{"class":228},[53,14713,14714],{"class":232},"key",[53,14716,229],{"class":228},[53,14718,2886],{"class":66},[53,14720,14721,14723,14725,14727,14729,14731,14733,14735,14737,14739],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,14722,145],{"class":144},[53,14724,127],{"class":66},[53,14726,12537],{"class":144},[53,14728,127],{"class":66},[53,14730,847],{"class":102},[53,14732,311],{"class":66},[53,14734,229],{"class":228},[53,14736,14714],{"class":232},[53,14738,229],{"class":228},[53,14740,2886],{"class":66},[20,14742,14743],{},"What these help you check:",[194,14745,14746,14749,14752],{},[197,14747,14748],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[197,14750,14751],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[197,14753,14754],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,14756,14757,14758,99],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[758,14759,14761],{"href":14760},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[39,14763,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,14765,1729,14767,14769],{"id":14766},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,14768,12322],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,14771,14772],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[1327,14774,1756,14776,1759],{"id":14775},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,14777,12322],{},[20,14779,14780],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[1327,14782,1739,14784,960,14786,1744],{"id":14783},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,14785,17],{},[15,14787,31],{},[20,14789,14790,14792,14793,14795],{},[15,14791,17],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,14794,31],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[1327,14797,14799],{"id":14798},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,14801,14802],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[39,14804,1788],{"id":1787},[194,14806,14807,14811,14815,14819,14826,14832],{},[197,14808,14809],{},[758,14810,11131],{"href":12910},[197,14812,14813],{},[758,14814,9043],{"href":12907},[197,14816,14817],{},[758,14818,994],{"href":993},[197,14820,14821],{},[758,14822,10625,14823,1316],{"href":13908},[15,14824,14825],{},"update()",[197,14827,14828],{},[758,14829,10625,14830,1316],{"href":12710},[15,14831,11210],{},[197,14833,14834],{},[758,14835,1796],{"href":14760},[1817,14837,14838],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":14840},[14841,14842,14844,14845,14846,14847,14849,14855,14856,14857,14866],{"id":41,"depth":88,"text":42},{"id":12879,"depth":88,"text":14843},"What the copy() method does",{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372},{"id":11363,"depth":88,"text":11364},{"id":13312,"depth":88,"text":13313},{"id":13669,"depth":88,"text":14848},"When to use copy()",{"id":13918,"depth":88,"text":14850,"children":14851},"copy() vs assignment",[14852,14853],{"id":13934,"depth":109,"text":13935},{"id":14142,"depth":109,"text":14854},"Using copy()",{"id":14371,"depth":88,"text":14372},{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":14858},[14859,14861,14863,14865],{"id":14766,"depth":109,"text":14860},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":14775,"depth":109,"text":14862},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":14783,"depth":109,"text":14864},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":14798,"depth":109,"text":14799},{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12716,"description":14867},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":14874,"title":14875,"body":14876,"description":17073,"extension":1853,"meta":17074,"navigation":112,"path":12910,"seo":17075,"stem":17076,"__hash__":17077},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":14877,"toc":17035},[14878,14881,14887,14896,14898,14974,14978,15027,15030,15034,15048,15051,15055,15068,15071,15104,15118,15121,15133,15137,15140,15148,15228,15232,15285,15289,15307,15309,15391,15394,15396,15399,15402,15425,15449,15453,15461,15464,15468,15477,15482,15540,15544,15577,15583,15589,15592,15647,15651,15701,15704,15710,15713,15721,15723,15768,15773,15782,15785,15788,15835,15837,15842,15845,15939,15943,15996,15999,16055,16058,16062,16065,16079,16083,16149,16153,16178,16181,16185,16262,16266,16269,16272,16292,16295,16348,16352,16355,16358,16371,16373,16462,16469,16472,16483,16485,16488,16508,16512,16515,16524,16526,16565,16569,16571,16580,16589,16591,16629,16633,16680,16684,16705,16709,16712,16824,16829,16927,16949,16951,16955,16962,16966,16972,16976,16979,16983,16986,16993,17001,17003,17029,17032],[10,14879,14875],{"id":14880},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,14882,14883,14884,14886],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[34,14885,9019],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,14888,14889,14890,2765,14892,99],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[758,14891,9043],{"href":9042},[758,14893,14895],{"href":14894},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[39,14897,42],{"id":41},[44,14899,14901],{"className":46,"code":14900,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,14902,14903,14911,14929,14943,14956,14960,14964],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,14904,14905,14907,14909],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,14906,12748],{"class":59},[53,14908,31],{"class":63},[53,14910,11382],{"class":66},[53,14912,14913,14915,14917,14919,14921,14923,14925,14927],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,14914,11387],{"class":228},[53,14916,1710],{"class":232},[53,14918,229],{"class":228},[53,14920,192],{"class":66},[53,14922,240],{"class":228},[53,14924,12765],{"class":232},[53,14926,229],{"class":228},[53,14928,11403],{"class":66},[53,14930,14931,14933,14935,14937,14939,14941],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,14932,11387],{"class":228},[53,14934,9187],{"class":232},[53,14936,229],{"class":228},[53,14938,192],{"class":66},[53,14940,1193],{"class":70},[53,14942,11403],{"class":66},[53,14944,14945,14947,14950,14952,14954],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,14946,11387],{"class":228},[53,14948,14949],{"class":232},"is_active",[53,14951,229],{"class":228},[53,14953,192],{"class":66},[53,14955,6309],{"class":3739},[53,14957,14958],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,14959,9197],{"class":66},[53,14961,14962],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,14963,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,14965,14966,14968,14970,14972],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,14967,145],{"class":144},[53,14969,127],{"class":66},[53,14971,13503],{"class":102},[53,14973,133],{"class":66},[20,14975,14976],{},[34,14977,301],{},[44,14979,14981],{"className":46,"code":14980,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,14982,14983],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,14984,14985,14987,14989,14991,14993,14995,14997,14999,15001,15003,15005,15007,15009,15011,15013,15015,15017,15019,15021,15023,15025],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,14986,9166],{"class":66},[53,14988,314],{"class":228},[53,14990,1710],{"class":232},[53,14992,314],{"class":228},[53,14994,192],{"class":66},[53,14996,323],{"class":228},[53,14998,12765],{"class":232},[53,15000,314],{"class":228},[53,15002,74],{"class":66},[53,15004,323],{"class":228},[53,15006,9187],{"class":232},[53,15008,314],{"class":228},[53,15010,192],{"class":66},[53,15012,1193],{"class":70},[53,15014,74],{"class":66},[53,15016,323],{"class":228},[53,15018,14949],{"class":232},[53,15020,314],{"class":228},[53,15022,192],{"class":66},[53,15024,3804],{"class":3739},[53,15026,9197],{"class":66},[20,15028,15029],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[39,15031,15033],{"id":15032},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[194,15035,15036,15039,15042,15045],{},[197,15037,15038],{},"What a dictionary is",[197,15040,15041],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[197,15043,15044],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[197,15046,15047],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[39,15049,15038],{"id":15050},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,15052,9016,15053,99],{},[34,15054,9019],{},[194,15056,15057,15063],{},[197,15058,15059,15060,15062],{},"A ",[34,15061,14714],{}," is the label",[197,15064,15059,15065,15067],{},[34,15066,2360],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,15069,15070],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[44,15072,15074],{"className":46,"code":15073,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,15075,15076,15084,15100],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15077,15078,15080,15082],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15079,12748],{"class":59},[53,15081,31],{"class":63},[53,15083,11382],{"class":66},[53,15085,15086,15088,15090,15092,15094,15096,15098],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,15087,11387],{"class":228},[53,15089,1710],{"class":232},[53,15091,229],{"class":228},[53,15093,192],{"class":66},[53,15095,240],{"class":228},[53,15097,12765],{"class":232},[53,15099,1682],{"class":228},[53,15101,15102],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,15103,9197],{"class":66},[194,15105,15106,15112],{},[197,15107,15108,15111],{},[15,15109,15110],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[197,15113,15114,15117],{},[15,15115,15116],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,15119,15120],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[194,15122,15123,15125,15127,15130],{},[197,15124,1710],{},[197,15126,9187],{},[197,15128,15129],{},"email",[197,15131,15132],{},"country",[39,15134,15136],{"id":15135},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,15138,15139],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,15141,174,15142,15144,15145,99],{},[15,15143,3678],{}," and write each item as ",[15,15146,15147],{},"key: value",[44,15149,15151],{"className":46,"code":15150,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15152,15153,15161,15179,15193,15210,15214,15218],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15154,15155,15157,15159],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15156,12748],{"class":59},[53,15158,31],{"class":63},[53,15160,11382],{"class":66},[53,15162,15163,15165,15167,15169,15171,15173,15175,15177],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,15164,11387],{"class":228},[53,15166,1710],{"class":232},[53,15168,229],{"class":228},[53,15170,192],{"class":66},[53,15172,240],{"class":228},[53,15174,12765],{"class":232},[53,15176,229],{"class":228},[53,15178,11403],{"class":66},[53,15180,15181,15183,15185,15187,15189,15191],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,15182,11387],{"class":228},[53,15184,9187],{"class":232},[53,15186,229],{"class":228},[53,15188,192],{"class":66},[53,15190,1193],{"class":70},[53,15192,11403],{"class":66},[53,15194,15195,15197,15200,15202,15204,15206,15208],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,15196,11387],{"class":228},[53,15198,15199],{"class":232},"course",[53,15201,229],{"class":228},[53,15203,192],{"class":66},[53,15205,240],{"class":228},[53,15207,7184],{"class":232},[53,15209,1682],{"class":228},[53,15211,15212],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,15213,9197],{"class":66},[53,15215,15216],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,15217,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,15219,15220,15222,15224,15226],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,15221,145],{"class":144},[53,15223,127],{"class":66},[53,15225,13503],{"class":102},[53,15227,133],{"class":66},[20,15229,15230],{},[34,15231,301],{},[44,15233,15235],{"className":46,"code":15234,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,15236,15237],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15238,15239,15241,15243,15245,15247,15249,15251,15253,15255,15257,15259,15261,15263,15265,15267,15269,15271,15273,15275,15277,15279,15281,15283],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15240,9166],{"class":66},[53,15242,314],{"class":228},[53,15244,1710],{"class":232},[53,15246,314],{"class":228},[53,15248,192],{"class":66},[53,15250,323],{"class":228},[53,15252,12765],{"class":232},[53,15254,314],{"class":228},[53,15256,74],{"class":66},[53,15258,323],{"class":228},[53,15260,9187],{"class":232},[53,15262,314],{"class":228},[53,15264,192],{"class":66},[53,15266,1193],{"class":70},[53,15268,74],{"class":66},[53,15270,323],{"class":228},[53,15272,15199],{"class":232},[53,15274,314],{"class":228},[53,15276,192],{"class":66},[53,15278,323],{"class":228},[53,15280,7184],{"class":232},[53,15282,314],{"class":228},[53,15284,9197],{"class":66},[1327,15286,15288],{"id":15287},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[194,15290,15291,15296,15301,15304],{},[197,15292,174,15293,15295],{},[15,15294,3678],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[197,15297,15298,15299],{},"Write each item as ",[15,15300,15147],{},[197,15302,15303],{},"Separate items with commas",[197,15305,15306],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,15308,211],{},[44,15310,15312],{"className":46,"code":15311,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,15313,15314,15323,15343,15359,15372,15376,15380],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15315,15316,15319,15321],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15317,15318],{"class":59},"book ",[53,15320,31],{"class":63},[53,15322,11382],{"class":66},[53,15324,15325,15327,15330,15332,15334,15336,15339,15341],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,15326,11387],{"class":228},[53,15328,15329],{"class":232},"title",[53,15331,229],{"class":228},[53,15333,192],{"class":66},[53,15335,240],{"class":228},[53,15337,15338],{"class":232},"Python Basics",[53,15340,229],{"class":228},[53,15342,11403],{"class":66},[53,15344,15345,15347,15350,15352,15354,15357],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,15346,11387],{"class":228},[53,15348,15349],{"class":232},"pages",[53,15351,229],{"class":228},[53,15353,192],{"class":66},[53,15355,15356],{"class":70}," 150",[53,15358,11403],{"class":66},[53,15360,15361,15363,15366,15368,15370],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,15362,11387],{"class":228},[53,15364,15365],{"class":232},"available",[53,15367,229],{"class":228},[53,15369,192],{"class":66},[53,15371,6309],{"class":3739},[53,15373,15374],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,15375,9197],{"class":66},[53,15377,15378],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,15379,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,15381,15382,15384,15386,15389],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,15383,145],{"class":144},[53,15385,127],{"class":66},[53,15387,15388],{"class":102},"book",[53,15390,133],{"class":66},[20,15392,15393],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[39,15395,9291],{"id":9290},[20,15397,15398],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,15400,15401],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[44,15403,15405],{"className":46,"code":15404,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,15406,15407,15415],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15408,15409,15411,15413],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15410,9053],{"class":59},[53,15412,31],{"class":63},[53,15414,9727],{"class":66},[53,15416,15417,15419,15421,15423],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,15418,145],{"class":144},[53,15420,127],{"class":66},[53,15422,9092],{"class":102},[53,15424,133],{"class":66},[44,15426,15427],{"className":46,"code":9294,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,15428,15429,15439],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15430,15431,15433,15435,15437],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15432,9053],{"class":59},[53,15434,31],{"class":63},[53,15436,9058],{"class":1704},[53,15438,106],{"class":66},[53,15440,15441,15443,15445,15447],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,15442,145],{"class":144},[53,15444,127],{"class":66},[53,15446,9092],{"class":102},[53,15448,133],{"class":66},[20,15450,15451],{},[34,15452,301],{},[44,15454,15455],{"className":46,"code":9323,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,15456,15457],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15458,15459],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15460,9323],{"class":66},[20,15462,15463],{},"Both are correct.",[1327,15465,15467],{"id":15466},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,15469,15470,15472,15473,15476],{},[15,15471,3678],{}," creates an empty ",[34,15474,15475],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,15478,15479,15480,99],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,15481,3683],{},[44,15483,15485],{"className":46,"code":15484,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,15486,15487,15495,15507,15511,15525],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15488,15489,15491,15493],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15490,11614],{"class":59},[53,15492,31],{"class":63},[53,15494,9727],{"class":66},[53,15496,15497,15500,15502,15505],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,15498,15499],{"class":59},"my_set ",[53,15501,31],{"class":63},[53,15503,15504],{"class":1704}," set",[53,15506,106],{"class":66},[53,15508,15509],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,15510,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,15512,15513,15515,15517,15519,15521,15523],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,15514,145],{"class":144},[53,15516,127],{"class":66},[53,15518,1705],{"class":1704},[53,15520,127],{"class":66},[53,15522,11338],{"class":102},[53,15524,1713],{"class":66},[53,15526,15527,15529,15531,15533,15535,15538],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,15528,145],{"class":144},[53,15530,127],{"class":66},[53,15532,1705],{"class":1704},[53,15534,127],{"class":66},[53,15536,15537],{"class":102},"my_set",[53,15539,1713],{"class":66},[20,15541,15542],{},[34,15543,301],{},[44,15545,15547],{"className":46,"code":15546,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,15548,15549,15563],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15550,15551,15553,15555,15557,15559,15561],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15552,3178],{"class":63},[53,15554,3181],{"class":1954},[53,15556,323],{"class":228},[53,15558,8708],{"class":232},[53,15560,314],{"class":228},[53,15562,3190],{"class":63},[53,15564,15565,15567,15569,15571,15573,15575],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,15566,3178],{"class":63},[53,15568,3181],{"class":1954},[53,15570,323],{"class":228},[53,15572,6173],{"class":232},[53,15574,314],{"class":228},[53,15576,3190],{"class":63},[39,15578,15580,15581],{"id":15579},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,15582,9007],{},[20,15584,15585,15586,15588],{},"You can also use ",[15,15587,9007],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,15590,15591],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[44,15593,15595],{"className":46,"code":15594,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,15596,15597,15637],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15598,15599,15601,15603,15605,15607,15609,15611,15613,15615,15617,15619,15621,15623,15626,15628,15631,15633,15635],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15600,12748],{"class":59},[53,15602,31],{"class":63},[53,15604,9058],{"class":1704},[53,15606,127],{"class":66},[53,15608,1710],{"class":9063},[53,15610,31],{"class":63},[53,15612,229],{"class":228},[53,15614,12765],{"class":232},[53,15616,229],{"class":228},[53,15618,74],{"class":66},[53,15620,9076],{"class":9063},[53,15622,31],{"class":63},[53,15624,15625],{"class":70},"20",[53,15627,74],{"class":66},[53,15629,15630],{"class":9063}," active",[53,15632,31],{"class":63},[53,15634,3492],{"class":3739},[53,15636,133],{"class":66},[53,15638,15639,15641,15643,15645],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,15640,145],{"class":144},[53,15642,127],{"class":66},[53,15644,13503],{"class":102},[53,15646,133],{"class":66},[20,15648,15649],{},[34,15650,301],{},[44,15652,15654],{"className":46,"code":15653,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,15655,15656],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15657,15658,15660,15662,15664,15666,15668,15670,15672,15674,15676,15678,15680,15682,15684,15686,15688,15690,15693,15695,15697,15699],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15659,9166],{"class":66},[53,15661,314],{"class":228},[53,15663,1710],{"class":232},[53,15665,314],{"class":228},[53,15667,192],{"class":66},[53,15669,323],{"class":228},[53,15671,12765],{"class":232},[53,15673,314],{"class":228},[53,15675,74],{"class":66},[53,15677,323],{"class":228},[53,15679,9187],{"class":232},[53,15681,314],{"class":228},[53,15683,192],{"class":66},[53,15685,1193],{"class":70},[53,15687,74],{"class":66},[53,15689,323],{"class":228},[53,15691,15692],{"class":232},"active",[53,15694,314],{"class":228},[53,15696,192],{"class":66},[53,15698,3804],{"class":3739},[53,15700,9197],{"class":66},[20,15702,15703],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[1327,15705,15707,15708],{"id":15706},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,15709,9007],{},[20,15711,15712],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[194,15714,15715,15718],{},[197,15716,15717],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[197,15719,15720],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,15722,6574],{},[44,15724,15726],{"className":46,"code":15725,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,15727,15728,15758],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15729,15730,15732,15734,15736,15738,15740,15742,15744,15746,15748,15750,15752,15754,15756],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15731,11377],{"class":59},[53,15733,31],{"class":63},[53,15735,9058],{"class":1704},[53,15737,127],{"class":66},[53,15739,1710],{"class":9063},[53,15741,31],{"class":63},[53,15743,229],{"class":228},[53,15745,7564],{"class":232},[53,15747,229],{"class":228},[53,15749,74],{"class":66},[53,15751,9076],{"class":9063},[53,15753,31],{"class":63},[53,15755,9081],{"class":70},[53,15757,133],{"class":66},[53,15759,15760,15762,15764,15766],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,15761,145],{"class":144},[53,15763,127],{"class":66},[53,15765,11471],{"class":102},[53,15767,133],{"class":66},[20,15769,4514,15770,15772],{},[34,15771,36],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[44,15774,15776],{"className":46,"code":15775,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,15777,15778],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15779,15780],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15781,15775],{"class":156},[20,15783,15784],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,15786,15787],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[44,15789,15791],{"className":46,"code":15790,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,15792,15793,15801,15817,15821,15825],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15794,15795,15797,15799],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15796,11377],{"class":59},[53,15798,31],{"class":63},[53,15800,11382],{"class":66},[53,15802,15803,15805,15807,15809,15811,15813,15815],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,15804,11387],{"class":228},[53,15806,10384],{"class":232},[53,15808,229],{"class":228},[53,15810,192],{"class":66},[53,15812,240],{"class":228},[53,15814,7564],{"class":232},[53,15816,1682],{"class":228},[53,15818,15819],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,15820,9197],{"class":66},[53,15822,15823],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,15824,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,15826,15827,15829,15831,15833],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,15828,145],{"class":144},[53,15830,127],{"class":66},[53,15832,11471],{"class":102},[53,15834,133],{"class":66},[39,15836,9333],{"id":9332},[20,15838,15839,15841],{},[15,15840,9007],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,15843,15844],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[44,15846,15848],{"className":46,"code":15847,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15849,15850,15907,15911,15925,15929],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15851,15852,15854,15856,15858,15860,15862,15864,15866,15868,15870,15872,15874,15876,15878,15880,15882,15884,15886,15888,15890,15892,15894,15896,15898,15900,15903,15905],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15853,9103],{"class":59},[53,15855,31],{"class":63},[53,15857,9108],{"class":66},[53,15859,229],{"class":228},[53,15861,1710],{"class":232},[53,15863,229],{"class":228},[53,15865,74],{"class":66},[53,15867,240],{"class":228},[53,15869,12765],{"class":232},[53,15871,229],{"class":228},[53,15873,9121],{"class":66},[53,15875,9124],{"class":66},[53,15877,229],{"class":228},[53,15879,9187],{"class":232},[53,15881,229],{"class":228},[53,15883,74],{"class":66},[53,15885,1193],{"class":70},[53,15887,9121],{"class":66},[53,15889,9124],{"class":66},[53,15891,229],{"class":228},[53,15893,10297],{"class":232},[53,15895,229],{"class":228},[53,15897,74],{"class":66},[53,15899,240],{"class":228},[53,15901,15902],{"class":232},"Lima",[53,15904,229],{"class":228},[53,15906,9137],{"class":66},[53,15908,15909],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,15910,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,15912,15913,15915,15917,15919,15921,15923],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,15914,12748],{"class":59},[53,15916,31],{"class":63},[53,15918,9058],{"class":1704},[53,15920,127],{"class":66},[53,15922,9150],{"class":102},[53,15924,133],{"class":66},[53,15926,15927],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,15928,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,15930,15931,15933,15935,15937],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,15932,145],{"class":144},[53,15934,127],{"class":66},[53,15936,13503],{"class":102},[53,15938,133],{"class":66},[20,15940,15941],{},[34,15942,301],{},[44,15944,15946],{"className":46,"code":15945,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,15947,15948],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15949,15950,15952,15954,15956,15958,15960,15962,15964,15966,15968,15970,15972,15974,15976,15978,15980,15982,15984,15986,15988,15990,15992,15994],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15951,9166],{"class":66},[53,15953,314],{"class":228},[53,15955,1710],{"class":232},[53,15957,314],{"class":228},[53,15959,192],{"class":66},[53,15961,323],{"class":228},[53,15963,12765],{"class":232},[53,15965,314],{"class":228},[53,15967,74],{"class":66},[53,15969,323],{"class":228},[53,15971,9187],{"class":232},[53,15973,314],{"class":228},[53,15975,192],{"class":66},[53,15977,1193],{"class":70},[53,15979,74],{"class":66},[53,15981,323],{"class":228},[53,15983,10297],{"class":232},[53,15985,314],{"class":228},[53,15987,192],{"class":66},[53,15989,323],{"class":228},[53,15991,15902],{"class":232},[53,15993,314],{"class":228},[53,15995,9197],{"class":66},[20,15997,15998],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[44,16000,16002],{"className":46,"code":16001,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,16003,16004,16045],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,16005,16006,16008,16010,16012,16015,16017,16019,16021,16023,16025,16027,16029,16031,16033,16035,16037,16039,16041,16043],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,16007,12748],{"class":59},[53,16009,31],{"class":63},[53,16011,9058],{"class":1704},[53,16013,16014],{"class":66},"(((",[53,16016,229],{"class":228},[53,16018,1710],{"class":232},[53,16020,229],{"class":228},[53,16022,74],{"class":66},[53,16024,240],{"class":228},[53,16026,12765],{"class":232},[53,16028,229],{"class":228},[53,16030,9121],{"class":66},[53,16032,9124],{"class":66},[53,16034,229],{"class":228},[53,16036,9187],{"class":232},[53,16038,229],{"class":228},[53,16040,74],{"class":66},[53,16042,1193],{"class":70},[53,16044,2799],{"class":66},[53,16046,16047,16049,16051,16053],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,16048,145],{"class":144},[53,16050,127],{"class":66},[53,16052,13503],{"class":102},[53,16054,133],{"class":66},[20,16056,16057],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[39,16059,16061],{"id":16060},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,16063,16064],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[194,16066,16067,16070,16073,16076],{},[197,16068,16069],{},"Keys must be unique",[197,16071,16072],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[197,16074,16075],{},"Values can repeat",[197,16077,16078],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[1327,16080,16082],{"id":16081},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[44,16084,16086],{"className":46,"code":16085,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,16087,16088,16096,16114,16131,16135,16139],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,16089,16090,16092,16094],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,16091,9053],{"class":59},[53,16093,31],{"class":63},[53,16095,11382],{"class":66},[53,16097,16098,16100,16102,16104,16106,16108,16110,16112],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,16099,11387],{"class":228},[53,16101,1710],{"class":232},[53,16103,229],{"class":228},[53,16105,192],{"class":66},[53,16107,240],{"class":228},[53,16109,12765],{"class":232},[53,16111,229],{"class":228},[53,16113,11403],{"class":66},[53,16115,16116,16118,16120,16122,16124,16126,16129],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,16117,11387],{"class":228},[53,16119,1710],{"class":232},[53,16121,229],{"class":228},[53,16123,192],{"class":66},[53,16125,240],{"class":228},[53,16127,16128],{"class":232},"Maria",[53,16130,1682],{"class":228},[53,16132,16133],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,16134,9197],{"class":66},[53,16136,16137],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,16138,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,16140,16141,16143,16145,16147],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,16142,145],{"class":144},[53,16144,127],{"class":66},[53,16146,9092],{"class":102},[53,16148,133],{"class":66},[20,16150,16151],{},[34,16152,301],{},[44,16154,16156],{"className":46,"code":16155,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,16157,16158],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,16159,16160,16162,16164,16166,16168,16170,16172,16174,16176],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,16161,9166],{"class":66},[53,16163,314],{"class":228},[53,16165,1710],{"class":232},[53,16167,314],{"class":228},[53,16169,192],{"class":66},[53,16171,323],{"class":228},[53,16173,16128],{"class":232},[53,16175,314],{"class":228},[53,16177,9197],{"class":66},[20,16179,16180],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[1327,16182,16184],{"id":16183},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[44,16186,16188],{"className":46,"code":16187,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,16189,16190,16198,16214,16230,16244,16248,16252],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,16191,16192,16194,16196],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,16193,1181],{"class":59},[53,16195,31],{"class":63},[53,16197,11382],{"class":66},[53,16199,16200,16203,16205,16207,16210,16212],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,16201,16202],{"class":70},"    1",[53,16204,192],{"class":66},[53,16206,240],{"class":228},[53,16208,16209],{"class":232},"low",[53,16211,229],{"class":228},[53,16213,11403],{"class":66},[53,16215,16216,16219,16221,16223,16226,16228],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,16217,16218],{"class":70},"    2",[53,16220,192],{"class":66},[53,16222,240],{"class":228},[53,16224,16225],{"class":232},"medium",[53,16227,229],{"class":228},[53,16229,11403],{"class":66},[53,16231,16232,16235,16237,16239,16242],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,16233,16234],{"class":70},"    3",[53,16236,192],{"class":66},[53,16238,240],{"class":228},[53,16240,16241],{"class":232},"high",[53,16243,1682],{"class":228},[53,16245,16246],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,16247,9197],{"class":66},[53,16249,16250],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,16251,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,16253,16254,16256,16258,16260],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,16255,145],{"class":144},[53,16257,127],{"class":66},[53,16259,1225],{"class":102},[53,16261,133],{"class":66},[1327,16263,16265],{"id":16264},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,16267,16268],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,16270,16271],{},"This will cause an error:",[44,16273,16275],{"className":46,"code":16274,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,16276,16277,16282,16287],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,16278,16279],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,16280,16281],{"class":156},"# bad = {\n",[53,16283,16284],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,16285,16286],{"class":156},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[53,16288,16289],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,16290,16291],{"class":156},"# }\n",[20,16293,16294],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[44,16296,16298],{"className":46,"code":16297,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,16299,16300,16309,16329,16333,16337],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,16301,16302,16305,16307],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,16303,16304],{"class":59},"good ",[53,16306,31],{"class":63},[53,16308,11382],{"class":66},[53,16310,16311,16314,16316,16318,16320,16323,16325,16327],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,16312,16313],{"class":66},"    (",[53,16315,71],{"class":70},[53,16317,74],{"class":66},[53,16319,77],{"class":70},[53,16321,16322],{"class":66},"):",[53,16324,240],{"class":228},[53,16326,150],{"class":232},[53,16328,1682],{"class":228},[53,16330,16331],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,16332,9197],{"class":66},[53,16334,16335],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,16336,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,16338,16339,16341,16343,16346],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,16340,145],{"class":144},[53,16342,127],{"class":66},[53,16344,16345],{"class":102},"good",[53,16347,133],{"class":66},[39,16349,16351],{"id":16350},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,16353,16354],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,16356,16357],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[194,16359,16360,16363,16365,16368],{},[197,16361,16362],{},"user data",[197,16364,13760],{},[197,16366,16367],{},"counters",[197,16369,16370],{},"lookups",[20,16372,211],{},[44,16374,16376],{"className":46,"code":16375,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,16377,16378,16386,16405,16424,16436,16440,16444],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,16379,16380,16382,16384],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,16381,11377],{"class":59},[53,16383,31],{"class":63},[53,16385,11382],{"class":66},[53,16387,16388,16390,16392,16394,16396,16398,16401,16403],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,16389,11387],{"class":228},[53,16391,7870],{"class":232},[53,16393,229],{"class":228},[53,16395,192],{"class":66},[53,16397,240],{"class":228},[53,16399,16400],{"class":232},"ana123",[53,16402,229],{"class":228},[53,16404,11403],{"class":66},[53,16406,16407,16409,16411,16413,16415,16417,16420,16422],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,16408,11387],{"class":228},[53,16410,15129],{"class":232},[53,16412,229],{"class":228},[53,16414,192],{"class":66},[53,16416,240],{"class":228},[53,16418,16419],{"class":232},"ana@example.com",[53,16421,229],{"class":228},[53,16423,11403],{"class":66},[53,16425,16426,16428,16430,16432,16434],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,16427,11387],{"class":228},[53,16429,12402],{"class":232},[53,16431,229],{"class":228},[53,16433,192],{"class":66},[53,16435,6309],{"class":3739},[53,16437,16438],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,16439,9197],{"class":66},[53,16441,16442],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,16443,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,16445,16446,16448,16450,16452,16454,16456,16458,16460],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,16447,145],{"class":144},[53,16449,127],{"class":66},[53,16451,11471],{"class":102},[53,16453,311],{"class":66},[53,16455,229],{"class":228},[53,16457,15129],{"class":232},[53,16459,229],{"class":228},[53,16461,3777],{"class":66},[20,16463,16464,16465,99],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[758,16466,16468],{"href":16467},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,16470,16471],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[194,16473,16474,16477,16480],{},[197,16475,16476],{},"labels are not needed",[197,16478,16479],{},"you mostly care about position",[197,16481,16482],{},"order matters more than named fields",[39,16484,2716],{"id":2715},[20,16486,16487],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[194,16489,16490,16493,16496,16499,16502],{},[197,16491,16492],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[197,16494,16495],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[197,16497,16498],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[197,16500,16501],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[197,16503,16504,16505,16507],{},"Mixing up ",[15,16506,3678],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[1327,16509,16511],{"id":16510},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,16513,16514],{},"Wrong:",[44,16516,16518],{"className":46,"code":16517,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16519,16520],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,16521,16522],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,16523,16517],{"class":156},[20,16525,1015],{},[44,16527,16529],{"className":46,"code":16528,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16530,16531,16555],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,16532,16533,16535,16537,16539,16541,16543,16545,16547,16549,16551,16553],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,16534,12748],{"class":59},[53,16536,31],{"class":63},[53,16538,10379],{"class":66},[53,16540,229],{"class":228},[53,16542,1710],{"class":232},[53,16544,229],{"class":228},[53,16546,192],{"class":66},[53,16548,240],{"class":228},[53,16550,12765],{"class":232},[53,16552,229],{"class":228},[53,16554,9197],{"class":66},[53,16556,16557,16559,16561,16563],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,16558,145],{"class":144},[53,16560,127],{"class":66},[53,16562,13503],{"class":102},[53,16564,133],{"class":66},[1327,16566,16568],{"id":16567},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,16570,16514],{},[44,16572,16574],{"className":46,"code":16573,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16575,16576],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,16577,16578],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,16579,16573],{"class":156},[20,16581,16582,16583,16585,16586,16588],{},"This only works if ",[15,16584,1710],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,16587,15110],{},", use quotes.",[20,16590,1015],{},[44,16592,16593],{"className":46,"code":16528,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,16594,16595,16619],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,16596,16597,16599,16601,16603,16605,16607,16609,16611,16613,16615,16617],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,16598,12748],{"class":59},[53,16600,31],{"class":63},[53,16602,10379],{"class":66},[53,16604,229],{"class":228},[53,16606,1710],{"class":232},[53,16608,229],{"class":228},[53,16610,192],{"class":66},[53,16612,240],{"class":228},[53,16614,12765],{"class":232},[53,16616,229],{"class":228},[53,16618,9197],{"class":66},[53,16620,16621,16623,16625,16627],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,16622,145],{"class":144},[53,16624,127],{"class":66},[53,16626,13503],{"class":102},[53,16628,133],{"class":66},[1327,16630,16632],{"id":16631},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[44,16634,16636],{"className":46,"code":16635,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16637,16638,16670],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,16639,16640,16642,16644,16646,16648,16650,16652,16654,16656,16658,16660,16662,16664,16666,16668],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,16641,9053],{"class":59},[53,16643,31],{"class":63},[53,16645,10379],{"class":66},[53,16647,229],{"class":228},[53,16649,9187],{"class":232},[53,16651,229],{"class":228},[53,16653,192],{"class":66},[53,16655,1193],{"class":70},[53,16657,74],{"class":66},[53,16659,240],{"class":228},[53,16661,9187],{"class":232},[53,16663,229],{"class":228},[53,16665,192],{"class":66},[53,16667,1198],{"class":70},[53,16669,9197],{"class":66},[53,16671,16672,16674,16676,16678],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,16673,145],{"class":144},[53,16675,127],{"class":66},[53,16677,9092],{"class":102},[53,16679,133],{"class":66},[20,16681,16682],{},[34,16683,301],{},[44,16685,16687],{"className":46,"code":16686,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,16688,16689],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,16690,16691,16693,16695,16697,16699,16701,16703],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,16692,9166],{"class":66},[53,16694,314],{"class":228},[53,16696,9187],{"class":232},[53,16698,314],{"class":228},[53,16700,192],{"class":66},[53,16702,1198],{"class":70},[53,16704,9197],{"class":66},[39,16706,16708],{"id":16707},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,16710,16711],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[44,16713,16715],{"className":46,"code":16714,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,16716,16717,16753,16757,16767,16781,16796,16810],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,16718,16719,16721,16723,16725,16727,16729,16731,16733,16735,16737,16739,16741,16743,16745,16747,16749,16751],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,16720,11614],{"class":59},[53,16722,31],{"class":63},[53,16724,10379],{"class":66},[53,16726,229],{"class":228},[53,16728,1710],{"class":232},[53,16730,229],{"class":228},[53,16732,192],{"class":66},[53,16734,240],{"class":228},[53,16736,12765],{"class":232},[53,16738,229],{"class":228},[53,16740,74],{"class":66},[53,16742,240],{"class":228},[53,16744,9187],{"class":232},[53,16746,229],{"class":228},[53,16748,192],{"class":66},[53,16750,1193],{"class":70},[53,16752,9197],{"class":66},[53,16754,16755],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,16756,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,16758,16759,16761,16763,16765],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,16760,145],{"class":144},[53,16762,127],{"class":66},[53,16764,11338],{"class":102},[53,16766,133],{"class":66},[53,16768,16769,16771,16773,16775,16777,16779],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,16770,145],{"class":144},[53,16772,127],{"class":66},[53,16774,1705],{"class":1704},[53,16776,127],{"class":66},[53,16778,11338],{"class":102},[53,16780,1713],{"class":66},[53,16782,16783,16785,16787,16789,16791,16794],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,16784,145],{"class":144},[53,16786,127],{"class":66},[53,16788,11338],{"class":102},[53,16790,99],{"class":66},[53,16792,16793],{"class":102},"keys",[53,16795,7081],{"class":66},[53,16797,16798,16800,16802,16804,16806,16808],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,16799,145],{"class":144},[53,16801,127],{"class":66},[53,16803,11338],{"class":102},[53,16805,99],{"class":66},[53,16807,5242],{"class":102},[53,16809,7081],{"class":66},[53,16811,16812,16814,16816,16818,16820,16822],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,16813,145],{"class":144},[53,16815,127],{"class":66},[53,16817,11050],{"class":144},[53,16819,127],{"class":66},[53,16821,11338],{"class":102},[53,16823,1713],{"class":66},[20,16825,16826],{},[34,16827,16828],{},"Example output:",[44,16830,16832],{"className":46,"code":16831,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,16833,16834,16866,16880,16903,16922],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,16835,16836,16838,16840,16842,16844,16846,16848,16850,16852,16854,16856,16858,16860,16862,16864],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,16837,9166],{"class":66},[53,16839,314],{"class":228},[53,16841,1710],{"class":232},[53,16843,314],{"class":228},[53,16845,192],{"class":66},[53,16847,323],{"class":228},[53,16849,12765],{"class":232},[53,16851,314],{"class":228},[53,16853,74],{"class":66},[53,16855,323],{"class":228},[53,16857,9187],{"class":232},[53,16859,314],{"class":228},[53,16861,192],{"class":66},[53,16863,1193],{"class":70},[53,16865,9197],{"class":66},[53,16867,16868,16870,16872,16874,16876,16878],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,16869,3178],{"class":63},[53,16871,3181],{"class":1954},[53,16873,323],{"class":228},[53,16875,8708],{"class":232},[53,16877,314],{"class":228},[53,16879,3190],{"class":63},[53,16881,16882,16885,16887,16889,16891,16893,16895,16897,16899,16901],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,16883,16884],{"class":102},"dict_keys",[53,16886,2873],{"class":66},[53,16888,314],{"class":228},[53,16890,1710],{"class":232},[53,16892,314],{"class":228},[53,16894,74],{"class":66},[53,16896,323],{"class":228},[53,16898,9187],{"class":232},[53,16900,314],{"class":228},[53,16902,3777],{"class":66},[53,16904,16905,16908,16910,16912,16914,16916,16918,16920],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,16906,16907],{"class":102},"dict_values",[53,16909,2873],{"class":66},[53,16911,314],{"class":228},[53,16913,12765],{"class":232},[53,16915,314],{"class":228},[53,16917,74],{"class":66},[53,16919,1193],{"class":70},[53,16921,3777],{"class":66},[53,16923,16924],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,16925,16926],{"class":70},"2\n",[20,16928,16929,16930,2076,16936,16942,16943,99],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[758,16931,10625,16933],{"href":16932},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,16934,16935],{},"keys()",[758,16937,10625,16939],{"href":16938},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,16940,16941],{},"values()",", and ",[758,16944,10625,16946],{"href":16945},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,16947,16948],{},"items()",[39,16950,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,16952,16954],{"id":16953},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,16956,174,16957,2765,16959,16961],{},[15,16958,3678],{},[15,16960,9007],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[1327,16963,16965],{"id":16964},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,16967,16968,16969,99],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,16970,16971],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[1327,16973,16975],{"id":16974},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,16977,16978],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[1327,16980,16982],{"id":16981},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,16984,16985],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[1327,16987,1739,16989,960,16991,1744],{"id":16988},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,16990,3678],{},[15,16992,9007],{},[20,16994,16995,16997,16998,17000],{},[15,16996,3678],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,16999,9007],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[39,17002,1788],{"id":1787},[194,17004,17005,17009,17015,17019,17025],{},[197,17006,17007],{},[758,17008,9043],{"href":9042},[197,17010,17011],{},[758,17012,10625,17013,1316],{"href":10624},[15,17014,10628],{},[197,17016,17017],{},[758,17018,11140],{"href":10619},[197,17020,17021],{},[758,17022,17024],{"href":17023},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[197,17026,17027],{},[758,17028,11151],{"href":10962},[20,17030,17031],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[1817,17033,17034],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":17036},[17037,17038,17039,17040,17043,17046,17051,17052,17057,17058,17063,17064,17072],{"id":41,"depth":88,"text":42},{"id":15032,"depth":88,"text":15033},{"id":15050,"depth":88,"text":15038},{"id":15135,"depth":88,"text":15136,"children":17041},[17042],{"id":15287,"depth":109,"text":15288},{"id":9290,"depth":88,"text":9291,"children":17044},[17045],{"id":15466,"depth":109,"text":15467},{"id":15579,"depth":88,"text":17047,"children":17048},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17049],{"id":15706,"depth":109,"text":17050},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9332,"depth":88,"text":9333},{"id":16060,"depth":88,"text":16061,"children":17053},[17054,17055,17056],{"id":16081,"depth":109,"text":16082},{"id":16183,"depth":109,"text":16184},{"id":16264,"depth":109,"text":16265},{"id":16350,"depth":88,"text":16351},{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716,"children":17059},[17060,17061,17062],{"id":16510,"depth":109,"text":16511},{"id":16567,"depth":109,"text":16568},{"id":16631,"depth":109,"text":16632},{"id":16707,"depth":88,"text":16708},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":17065},[17066,17067,17068,17069,17070],{"id":16953,"depth":109,"text":16954},{"id":16964,"depth":109,"text":16965},{"id":16974,"depth":109,"text":16975},{"id":16981,"depth":109,"text":16982},{"id":16988,"depth":109,"text":17071},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":14875,"description":17073},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17079,"title":17080,"body":17081,"description":19528,"extension":1853,"meta":19529,"navigation":112,"path":19530,"seo":19531,"stem":19532,"__hash__":19533},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17082,"toc":19484},[17083,17089,17095,17098,17101,17103,17185,17191,17196,17200,17218,17230,17235,17239,17262,17266,17278,17286,17288,17294,17296,17299,17373,17375,17420,17422,17439,17444,17450,17455,17529,17531,17576,17579,17590,17592,17711,17713,17766,17773,17777,17780,17797,17803,17807,17905,17907,17958,17965,17969,17975,17978,17981,18008,18013,18017,18020,18124,18126,18171,18174,18177,18182,18187,18198,18200,18261,18321,18327,18335,18341,18346,18351,18411,18415,18482,18485,18489,18560,18563,18576,18583,18585,18589,18593,18664,18666,18703,18706,18709,18772,18779,18782,18824,18834,18837,18906,18912,18917,19001,19003,19052,19059,19065,19110,19112,19145,19150,19154,19160,19199,19243,19311,19354,19356,19362,19365,19369,19374,19378,19381,19385,19387,19448,19450,19476,19481],[10,17084,11207,17086,18],{"id":17085},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,17087,17088],{},"fromkeys()",[20,17090,17091,17094],{},[15,17092,17093],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,17096,17097],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,17099,17100],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[39,17102,42],{"id":41},[44,17104,17106],{"className":46,"code":17105,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,17107,17108,17141,17169,17180],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,17109,17110,17113,17115,17117,17119,17121,17123,17125,17127,17129,17131,17133,17135,17137,17139],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,17111,17112],{"class":59},"keys ",[53,17114,31],{"class":63},[53,17116,67],{"class":66},[53,17118,229],{"class":228},[53,17120,1710],{"class":232},[53,17122,229],{"class":228},[53,17124,74],{"class":66},[53,17126,240],{"class":228},[53,17128,9187],{"class":232},[53,17130,229],{"class":228},[53,17132,74],{"class":66},[53,17134,240],{"class":228},[53,17136,10297],{"class":232},[53,17138,229],{"class":228},[53,17140,85],{"class":66},[53,17142,17143,17145,17147,17149,17151,17154,17156,17158,17160,17162,17165,17167],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,17144,13083],{"class":59},[53,17146,31],{"class":63},[53,17148,9058],{"class":1704},[53,17150,99],{"class":66},[53,17152,17153],{"class":102},"fromkeys",[53,17155,127],{"class":66},[53,17157,16793],{"class":102},[53,17159,74],{"class":66},[53,17161,240],{"class":228},[53,17163,17164],{"class":232},"unknown",[53,17166,229],{"class":228},[53,17168,133],{"class":66},[53,17170,17171,17173,17175,17178],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,17172,145],{"class":144},[53,17174,127],{"class":66},[53,17176,17177],{"class":102},"person",[53,17179,133],{"class":66},[53,17181,17182],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,17183,17184],{"class":156},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,17186,174,17187,17190],{},[15,17188,17189],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[39,17192,184,17194,187],{"id":17193},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,17195,17093],{},[20,17197,17198,192],{},[15,17199,17093],{},[194,17201,17202,17205,17208,17211],{},[197,17203,17204],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[197,17206,17207],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[197,17209,17210],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[197,17212,17213,17214,17217],{},"Is called as ",[15,17215,17216],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,17219,17220,17221,17223,17224,17226,17227,99],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,17222,8708],{},", so you write ",[15,17225,17216],{}," instead of something like ",[15,17228,17229],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,17231,17232,17233,99],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[758,17234,9043],{"href":12907},[39,17236,17238],{"id":17237},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[44,17240,17242],{"className":46,"code":17241,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,17243,17244],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,17245,17246,17248,17250,17252,17254,17256,17258,17260],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,17247,8708],{"class":1704},[53,17249,99],{"class":66},[53,17251,17153],{"class":102},[53,17253,127],{"class":66},[53,17255,3606],{"class":102},[53,17257,74],{"class":66},[53,17259,8319],{"class":102},[53,17261,133],{"class":66},[1327,17263,17265],{"id":17264},"parameters","Parameters",[194,17267,17268,17273],{},[197,17269,17270,17272],{},[15,17271,3606],{},": the keys to use",[197,17274,17275,17277],{},[15,17276,2360],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,17279,17280,17281,17283,17284,99],{},"If you leave out ",[15,17282,2360],{},", each key gets ",[15,17285,3664],{},[1327,17287,998],{"id":997},[20,17289,17290,17291,99],{},"It returns a ",[34,17292,17293],{},"new dictionary",[39,17295,5672],{"id":5671},[20,17297,17298],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[44,17300,17302],{"className":46,"code":17301,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,17303,17304,17337,17359,17363],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,17305,17306,17308,17310,17312,17314,17316,17318,17320,17322,17325,17327,17329,17331,17333,17335],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,17307,17112],{"class":59},[53,17309,31],{"class":63},[53,17311,67],{"class":66},[53,17313,229],{"class":228},[53,17315,1034],{"class":232},[53,17317,229],{"class":228},[53,17319,74],{"class":66},[53,17321,240],{"class":228},[53,17323,17324],{"class":232},"green",[53,17326,229],{"class":228},[53,17328,74],{"class":66},[53,17330,240],{"class":228},[53,17332,1043],{"class":232},[53,17334,229],{"class":228},[53,17336,85],{"class":66},[53,17338,17339,17341,17343,17345,17347,17349,17351,17353,17355,17357],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,17340,1025],{"class":59},[53,17342,31],{"class":63},[53,17344,9058],{"class":1704},[53,17346,99],{"class":66},[53,17348,17153],{"class":102},[53,17350,127],{"class":66},[53,17352,16793],{"class":102},[53,17354,74],{"class":66},[53,17356,3720],{"class":70},[53,17358,133],{"class":66},[53,17360,17361],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,17362,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,17364,17365,17367,17369,17371],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,17366,145],{"class":144},[53,17368,127],{"class":66},[53,17370,1115],{"class":102},[53,17372,133],{"class":66},[20,17374,301],{},[44,17376,17378],{"className":46,"code":17377,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,17379,17380],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,17381,17382,17384,17386,17388,17390,17392,17394,17396,17398,17400,17402,17404,17406,17408,17410,17412,17414,17416,17418],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,17383,9166],{"class":66},[53,17385,314],{"class":228},[53,17387,1034],{"class":232},[53,17389,314],{"class":228},[53,17391,192],{"class":66},[53,17393,3720],{"class":70},[53,17395,74],{"class":66},[53,17397,323],{"class":228},[53,17399,17324],{"class":232},[53,17401,314],{"class":228},[53,17403,192],{"class":66},[53,17405,3720],{"class":70},[53,17407,74],{"class":66},[53,17409,323],{"class":228},[53,17411,1043],{"class":232},[53,17413,314],{"class":228},[53,17415,192],{"class":66},[53,17417,3720],{"class":70},[53,17419,9197],{"class":66},[20,17421,11573],{},[194,17423,17424,17429,17434],{},[197,17425,17426,17428],{},[15,17427,16793],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[197,17430,17431,17433],{},[15,17432,852],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[197,17435,17436,17438],{},[15,17437,17093],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,17440,17441,17442,99],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[758,17443,9280],{"href":12910},[39,17445,485,17447,17449],{"id":17446},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,17448,17088],{}," without a value",[20,17451,17452,17453,99],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,17454,3664],{},[44,17456,17458],{"className":46,"code":17457,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17459,17460,17494,17514,17518],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,17461,17462,17465,17467,17469,17471,17473,17475,17477,17479,17481,17483,17485,17487,17490,17492],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,17463,17464],{"class":59},"fields ",[53,17466,31],{"class":63},[53,17468,67],{"class":66},[53,17470,229],{"class":228},[53,17472,7870],{"class":232},[53,17474,229],{"class":228},[53,17476,74],{"class":66},[53,17478,240],{"class":228},[53,17480,15129],{"class":232},[53,17482,229],{"class":228},[53,17484,74],{"class":66},[53,17486,240],{"class":228},[53,17488,17489],{"class":232},"password",[53,17491,229],{"class":228},[53,17493,85],{"class":66},[53,17495,17496,17499,17501,17503,17505,17507,17509,17512],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,17497,17498],{"class":59},"user_data ",[53,17500,31],{"class":63},[53,17502,9058],{"class":1704},[53,17504,99],{"class":66},[53,17506,17153],{"class":102},[53,17508,127],{"class":66},[53,17510,17511],{"class":102},"fields",[53,17513,133],{"class":66},[53,17515,17516],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,17517,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,17519,17520,17522,17524,17527],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,17521,145],{"class":144},[53,17523,127],{"class":66},[53,17525,17526],{"class":102},"user_data",[53,17528,133],{"class":66},[20,17530,301],{},[44,17532,17534],{"className":46,"code":17533,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17535,17536],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,17537,17538,17540,17542,17544,17546,17548,17550,17552,17554,17556,17558,17560,17562,17564,17566,17568,17570,17572,17574],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,17539,9166],{"class":66},[53,17541,314],{"class":228},[53,17543,7870],{"class":232},[53,17545,314],{"class":228},[53,17547,192],{"class":66},[53,17549,3740],{"class":3739},[53,17551,74],{"class":66},[53,17553,323],{"class":228},[53,17555,15129],{"class":232},[53,17557,314],{"class":228},[53,17559,192],{"class":66},[53,17561,3740],{"class":3739},[53,17563,74],{"class":66},[53,17565,323],{"class":228},[53,17567,17489],{"class":232},[53,17569,314],{"class":228},[53,17571,192],{"class":66},[53,17573,3740],{"class":3739},[53,17575,9197],{"class":66},[20,17577,17578],{},"This is useful when:",[194,17580,17581,17584,17587],{},[197,17582,17583],{},"You want to create the keys first",[197,17585,17586],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[197,17588,17589],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,17591,211],{},[44,17593,17595],{"className":46,"code":17594,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17596,17597,17629,17647,17651,17674,17697,17701],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,17598,17599,17601,17603,17605,17607,17609,17611,17613,17615,17617,17619,17621,17623,17625,17627],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,17600,17464],{"class":59},[53,17602,31],{"class":63},[53,17604,67],{"class":66},[53,17606,229],{"class":228},[53,17608,7870],{"class":232},[53,17610,229],{"class":228},[53,17612,74],{"class":66},[53,17614,240],{"class":228},[53,17616,15129],{"class":232},[53,17618,229],{"class":228},[53,17620,74],{"class":66},[53,17622,240],{"class":228},[53,17624,17489],{"class":232},[53,17626,229],{"class":228},[53,17628,85],{"class":66},[53,17630,17631,17633,17635,17637,17639,17641,17643,17645],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,17632,17498],{"class":59},[53,17634,31],{"class":63},[53,17636,9058],{"class":1704},[53,17638,99],{"class":66},[53,17640,17153],{"class":102},[53,17642,127],{"class":66},[53,17644,17511],{"class":102},[53,17646,133],{"class":66},[53,17648,17649],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,17650,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,17652,17653,17655,17657,17659,17661,17663,17665,17667,17669,17672],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,17654,17526],{"class":59},[53,17656,311],{"class":66},[53,17658,229],{"class":228},[53,17660,7870],{"class":232},[53,17662,229],{"class":228},[53,17664,13152],{"class":66},[53,17666,13155],{"class":63},[53,17668,240],{"class":228},[53,17670,17671],{"class":232},"alice",[53,17673,1682],{"class":228},[53,17675,17676,17678,17680,17682,17684,17686,17688,17690,17692,17695],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,17677,17526],{"class":59},[53,17679,311],{"class":66},[53,17681,229],{"class":228},[53,17683,15129],{"class":232},[53,17685,229],{"class":228},[53,17687,13152],{"class":66},[53,17689,13155],{"class":63},[53,17691,240],{"class":228},[53,17693,17694],{"class":232},"alice@example.com",[53,17696,1682],{"class":228},[53,17698,17699],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,17700,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,17702,17703,17705,17707,17709],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,17704,145],{"class":144},[53,17706,127],{"class":66},[53,17708,17526],{"class":102},[53,17710,133],{"class":66},[20,17712,301],{},[44,17714,17716],{"className":46,"code":17715,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,17717,17718],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,17719,17720,17722,17724,17726,17728,17730,17732,17734,17736,17738,17740,17742,17744,17746,17748,17750,17752,17754,17756,17758,17760,17762,17764],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,17721,9166],{"class":66},[53,17723,314],{"class":228},[53,17725,7870],{"class":232},[53,17727,314],{"class":228},[53,17729,192],{"class":66},[53,17731,323],{"class":228},[53,17733,17671],{"class":232},[53,17735,314],{"class":228},[53,17737,74],{"class":66},[53,17739,323],{"class":228},[53,17741,15129],{"class":232},[53,17743,314],{"class":228},[53,17745,192],{"class":66},[53,17747,323],{"class":228},[53,17749,17694],{"class":232},[53,17751,314],{"class":228},[53,17753,74],{"class":66},[53,17755,323],{"class":228},[53,17757,17489],{"class":232},[53,17759,314],{"class":228},[53,17761,192],{"class":66},[53,17763,3740],{"class":3739},[53,17765,9197],{"class":66},[20,17767,17768,17769,99],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[758,17770,17772],{"href":17771},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[39,17774,17776],{"id":17775},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,17778,17779],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[194,17781,17782,17787,17792],{},[197,17783,17784,17786],{},[15,17785,3673],{}," (list)",[197,17788,17789,17791],{},[15,17790,3678],{}," (dictionary)",[197,17793,17794,17796],{},[15,17795,3683],{}," (set)",[20,17798,17799,17800,99],{},"All keys will point to the ",[34,17801,17802],{},"same object",[1327,17804,17806],{"id":17805},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[44,17808,17810],{"className":46,"code":17809,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17811,17812,17844,17865,17869,17891,17895],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,17813,17814,17816,17818,17820,17822,17824,17826,17828,17830,17832,17834,17836,17838,17840,17842],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,17815,17112],{"class":59},[53,17817,31],{"class":63},[53,17819,67],{"class":66},[53,17821,229],{"class":228},[53,17823,758],{"class":232},[53,17825,229],{"class":228},[53,17827,74],{"class":66},[53,17829,240],{"class":228},[53,17831,1376],{"class":232},[53,17833,229],{"class":228},[53,17835,74],{"class":66},[53,17837,240],{"class":228},[53,17839,9628],{"class":232},[53,17841,229],{"class":228},[53,17843,85],{"class":66},[53,17845,17846,17848,17850,17852,17854,17856,17858,17860,17862],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,17847,9053],{"class":59},[53,17849,31],{"class":63},[53,17851,9058],{"class":1704},[53,17853,99],{"class":66},[53,17855,17153],{"class":102},[53,17857,127],{"class":66},[53,17859,16793],{"class":102},[53,17861,74],{"class":66},[53,17863,17864],{"class":66}," [])\n",[53,17866,17867],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,17868,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,17870,17871,17873,17875,17877,17879,17881,17883,17885,17887,17889],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,17872,9092],{"class":59},[53,17874,311],{"class":66},[53,17876,229],{"class":228},[53,17878,758],{"class":232},[53,17880,229],{"class":228},[53,17882,855],{"class":66},[53,17884,124],{"class":102},[53,17886,127],{"class":66},[53,17888,71],{"class":70},[53,17890,133],{"class":66},[53,17892,17893],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,17894,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,17896,17897,17899,17901,17903],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,17898,145],{"class":144},[53,17900,127],{"class":66},[53,17902,9092],{"class":102},[53,17904,133],{"class":66},[20,17906,301],{},[44,17908,17910],{"className":46,"code":17909,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,17911,17912],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,17913,17914,17916,17918,17920,17922,17924,17926,17928,17930,17932,17934,17936,17938,17940,17942,17944,17946,17948,17950,17952,17954,17956],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,17915,9166],{"class":66},[53,17917,314],{"class":228},[53,17919,758],{"class":232},[53,17921,314],{"class":228},[53,17923,192],{"class":66},[53,17925,67],{"class":66},[53,17927,71],{"class":70},[53,17929,810],{"class":66},[53,17931,323],{"class":228},[53,17933,1376],{"class":232},[53,17935,314],{"class":228},[53,17937,192],{"class":66},[53,17939,67],{"class":66},[53,17941,71],{"class":70},[53,17943,810],{"class":66},[53,17945,323],{"class":228},[53,17947,9628],{"class":232},[53,17949,314],{"class":228},[53,17951,192],{"class":66},[53,17953,67],{"class":66},[53,17955,71],{"class":70},[53,17957,13583],{"class":66},[20,17959,17960,17961,17964],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,17962,17963],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[1327,17966,17968],{"id":17967},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,17970,17971,17974],{},[15,17972,17973],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,17976,17977],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,17979,17980],{},"So this:",[44,17982,17984],{"className":46,"code":17983,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,17985,17986],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,17987,17988,17990,17992,17994,17996,17998,18000,18002,18004,18006],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,17989,9092],{"class":59},[53,17991,311],{"class":66},[53,17993,229],{"class":228},[53,17995,758],{"class":232},[53,17997,229],{"class":228},[53,17999,855],{"class":66},[53,18001,124],{"class":102},[53,18003,127],{"class":66},[53,18005,71],{"class":70},[53,18007,133],{"class":66},[20,18009,18010,18011,99],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,18012,17963],{},[1327,18014,18016],{"id":18015},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,18018,18019],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[44,18021,18023],{"className":46,"code":18022,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18024,18025,18057,18084,18088,18110,18114],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18026,18027,18029,18031,18033,18035,18037,18039,18041,18043,18045,18047,18049,18051,18053,18055],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18028,17112],{"class":59},[53,18030,31],{"class":63},[53,18032,67],{"class":66},[53,18034,229],{"class":228},[53,18036,758],{"class":232},[53,18038,229],{"class":228},[53,18040,74],{"class":66},[53,18042,240],{"class":228},[53,18044,1376],{"class":232},[53,18046,229],{"class":228},[53,18048,74],{"class":66},[53,18050,240],{"class":228},[53,18052,9628],{"class":232},[53,18054,229],{"class":228},[53,18056,85],{"class":66},[53,18058,18059,18061,18063,18065,18067,18069,18072,18074,18077,18079,18082],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,18060,9053],{"class":59},[53,18062,31],{"class":63},[53,18064,10379],{"class":66},[53,18066,14714],{"class":59},[53,18068,192],{"class":66},[53,18070,18071],{"class":66}," []",[53,18073,3765],{"class":3764},[53,18075,18076],{"class":59}," key ",[53,18078,3771],{"class":3764},[53,18080,18081],{"class":59}," keys",[53,18083,9197],{"class":66},[53,18085,18086],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,18087,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,18089,18090,18092,18094,18096,18098,18100,18102,18104,18106,18108],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,18091,9092],{"class":59},[53,18093,311],{"class":66},[53,18095,229],{"class":228},[53,18097,758],{"class":232},[53,18099,229],{"class":228},[53,18101,855],{"class":66},[53,18103,124],{"class":102},[53,18105,127],{"class":66},[53,18107,71],{"class":70},[53,18109,133],{"class":66},[53,18111,18112],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,18113,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,18115,18116,18118,18120,18122],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,18117,145],{"class":144},[53,18119,127],{"class":66},[53,18121,9092],{"class":102},[53,18123,133],{"class":66},[20,18125,301],{},[44,18127,18129],{"className":46,"code":18128,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,18130,18131],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18132,18133,18135,18137,18139,18141,18143,18145,18147,18149,18151,18153,18155,18157,18160,18162,18164,18166,18168],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18134,9166],{"class":66},[53,18136,314],{"class":228},[53,18138,758],{"class":232},[53,18140,314],{"class":228},[53,18142,192],{"class":66},[53,18144,67],{"class":66},[53,18146,71],{"class":70},[53,18148,810],{"class":66},[53,18150,323],{"class":228},[53,18152,1376],{"class":232},[53,18154,314],{"class":228},[53,18156,192],{"class":66},[53,18158,18159],{"class":66}," [],",[53,18161,323],{"class":228},[53,18163,9628],{"class":232},[53,18165,314],{"class":228},[53,18167,192],{"class":66},[53,18169,18170],{"class":66}," []}\n",[20,18172,18173],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,18175,18176],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[39,18178,1145,18180],{"id":18179},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,18181,17088],{},[20,18183,18184,18186],{},[15,18185,17093],{}," is a good choice when:",[194,18188,18189,18192,18195],{},[197,18190,18191],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[197,18193,18194],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[197,18196,18197],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,18199,2013],{},[44,18201,18203],{"className":46,"code":18202,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,18204,18205,18250],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18206,18207,18210,18212,18214,18216,18218,18220,18222,18225,18227,18229,18231,18233,18235,18237,18239,18242,18244,18246,18248],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18208,18209],{"class":59},"flags ",[53,18211,31],{"class":63},[53,18213,9058],{"class":1704},[53,18215,99],{"class":66},[53,18217,17153],{"class":102},[53,18219,2873],{"class":66},[53,18221,229],{"class":228},[53,18223,18224],{"class":232},"is_admin",[53,18226,229],{"class":228},[53,18228,74],{"class":66},[53,18230,240],{"class":228},[53,18232,14949],{"class":232},[53,18234,229],{"class":228},[53,18236,74],{"class":66},[53,18238,240],{"class":228},[53,18240,18241],{"class":232},"is_verified",[53,18243,229],{"class":228},[53,18245,810],{"class":66},[53,18247,3795],{"class":3739},[53,18249,133],{"class":66},[53,18251,18252,18254,18256,18259],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,18253,145],{"class":144},[53,18255,127],{"class":66},[53,18257,18258],{"class":102},"flags",[53,18260,133],{"class":66},[44,18262,18264],{"className":46,"code":18263,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,18265,18266,18311],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18267,18268,18270,18272,18274,18276,18278,18280,18282,18285,18287,18289,18291,18294,18296,18298,18300,18303,18305,18307,18309],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18269,1181],{"class":59},[53,18271,31],{"class":63},[53,18273,9058],{"class":1704},[53,18275,99],{"class":66},[53,18277,17153],{"class":102},[53,18279,2873],{"class":66},[53,18281,229],{"class":228},[53,18283,18284],{"class":232},"math",[53,18286,229],{"class":228},[53,18288,74],{"class":66},[53,18290,240],{"class":228},[53,18292,18293],{"class":232},"science",[53,18295,229],{"class":228},[53,18297,74],{"class":66},[53,18299,240],{"class":228},[53,18301,18302],{"class":232},"history",[53,18304,229],{"class":228},[53,18306,810],{"class":66},[53,18308,3720],{"class":70},[53,18310,133],{"class":66},[53,18312,18313,18315,18317,18319],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,18314,145],{"class":144},[53,18316,127],{"class":66},[53,18318,1225],{"class":102},[53,18320,133],{"class":66},[20,18322,18323,18324,18326],{},"It is ",[34,18325,36],{}," the best choice when:",[194,18328,18329,18332],{},[197,18330,18331],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[197,18333,18334],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[39,18336,18338,18340],{"id":18337},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,18339,17088],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,18342,18343,18345],{},[15,18344,17088],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[1327,18347,485,18349],{"id":18348},"using-fromkeys",[15,18350,17088],{},[44,18352,18354],{"className":46,"code":18353,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18355,18356,18401],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18357,18358,18360,18362,18364,18366,18368,18370,18372,18375,18377,18379,18381,18384,18386,18388,18390,18393,18395,18397,18399],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18359,13701],{"class":59},[53,18361,31],{"class":63},[53,18363,9058],{"class":1704},[53,18365,99],{"class":66},[53,18367,17153],{"class":102},[53,18369,2873],{"class":66},[53,18371,229],{"class":228},[53,18373,18374],{"class":232},"sound",[53,18376,229],{"class":228},[53,18378,74],{"class":66},[53,18380,240],{"class":228},[53,18382,18383],{"class":232},"music",[53,18385,229],{"class":228},[53,18387,74],{"class":66},[53,18389,240],{"class":228},[53,18391,18392],{"class":232},"notifications",[53,18394,229],{"class":228},[53,18396,810],{"class":66},[53,18398,3804],{"class":3739},[53,18400,133],{"class":66},[53,18402,18403,18405,18407,18409],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,18404,145],{"class":144},[53,18406,127],{"class":66},[53,18408,13760],{"class":102},[53,18410,133],{"class":66},[1327,18412,18414],{"id":18413},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[44,18416,18418],{"className":46,"code":18417,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18419,18420,18428,18442,18456,18468,18472],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18421,18422,18424,18426],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18423,13701],{"class":59},[53,18425,31],{"class":63},[53,18427,11382],{"class":66},[53,18429,18430,18432,18434,18436,18438,18440],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,18431,11387],{"class":228},[53,18433,18374],{"class":232},[53,18435,229],{"class":228},[53,18437,192],{"class":66},[53,18439,3804],{"class":3739},[53,18441,11403],{"class":66},[53,18443,18444,18446,18448,18450,18452,18454],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,18445,11387],{"class":228},[53,18447,18383],{"class":232},[53,18449,229],{"class":228},[53,18451,192],{"class":66},[53,18453,3795],{"class":3739},[53,18455,11403],{"class":66},[53,18457,18458,18460,18462,18464,18466],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,18459,11387],{"class":228},[53,18461,18392],{"class":232},[53,18463,229],{"class":228},[53,18465,192],{"class":66},[53,18467,6309],{"class":3739},[53,18469,18470],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,18471,9197],{"class":66},[53,18473,18474,18476,18478,18480],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,18475,145],{"class":144},[53,18477,127],{"class":66},[53,18479,13760],{"class":102},[53,18481,133],{"class":66},[20,18483,18484],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[1327,18486,18488],{"id":18487},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[44,18490,18492],{"className":46,"code":18491,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,18493,18494,18526,18550],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18495,18496,18498,18500,18502,18504,18506,18508,18510,18512,18514,18516,18518,18520,18522,18524],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18497,17112],{"class":59},[53,18499,31],{"class":63},[53,18501,67],{"class":66},[53,18503,229],{"class":228},[53,18505,758],{"class":232},[53,18507,229],{"class":228},[53,18509,74],{"class":66},[53,18511,240],{"class":228},[53,18513,1376],{"class":232},[53,18515,229],{"class":228},[53,18517,74],{"class":66},[53,18519,240],{"class":228},[53,18521,9628],{"class":232},[53,18523,229],{"class":228},[53,18525,85],{"class":66},[53,18527,18528,18530,18532,18534,18536,18538,18540,18542,18544,18546,18548],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,18529,9053],{"class":59},[53,18531,31],{"class":63},[53,18533,10379],{"class":66},[53,18535,14714],{"class":59},[53,18537,192],{"class":66},[53,18539,18071],{"class":66},[53,18541,3765],{"class":3764},[53,18543,18076],{"class":59},[53,18545,3771],{"class":3764},[53,18547,18081],{"class":59},[53,18549,9197],{"class":66},[53,18551,18552,18554,18556,18558],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,18553,145],{"class":144},[53,18555,127],{"class":66},[53,18557,9092],{"class":102},[53,18559,133],{"class":66},[20,18561,18562],{},"Use:",[194,18564,18565,18570,18573],{},[197,18566,18567,18569],{},[15,18568,17088],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[197,18571,18572],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[197,18574,18575],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,18577,18578,18579,99],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[758,18580,10625,18581,1316],{"href":13908},[15,18582,14825],{},[39,18584,2716],{"id":2715},[20,18586,14606,18587,99],{},[15,18588,17093],{},[1327,18590,18592],{"id":18591},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[44,18594,18596],{"className":46,"code":18595,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18597,18598,18631,18654],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18599,18600,18603,18605,18607,18609,18611,18613,18615,18617,18619,18621,18623,18625,18627,18629],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18601,18602],{"class":59},"d ",[53,18604,31],{"class":63},[53,18606,9058],{"class":1704},[53,18608,99],{"class":66},[53,18610,17153],{"class":102},[53,18612,2873],{"class":66},[53,18614,229],{"class":228},[53,18616,758],{"class":232},[53,18618,229],{"class":228},[53,18620,74],{"class":66},[53,18622,240],{"class":228},[53,18624,1376],{"class":232},[53,18626,229],{"class":228},[53,18628,810],{"class":66},[53,18630,17864],{"class":66},[53,18632,18633,18636,18638,18640,18642,18644,18646,18648,18650,18652],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,18634,18635],{"class":59},"d",[53,18637,311],{"class":66},[53,18639,229],{"class":228},[53,18641,758],{"class":232},[53,18643,229],{"class":228},[53,18645,855],{"class":66},[53,18647,124],{"class":102},[53,18649,127],{"class":66},[53,18651,71],{"class":70},[53,18653,133],{"class":66},[53,18655,18656,18658,18660,18662],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,18657,145],{"class":144},[53,18659,127],{"class":66},[53,18661,18635],{"class":102},[53,18663,133],{"class":66},[20,18665,301],{},[44,18667,18669],{"className":46,"code":18668,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,18670,18671],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18672,18673,18675,18677,18679,18681,18683,18685,18687,18689,18691,18693,18695,18697,18699,18701],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18674,9166],{"class":66},[53,18676,314],{"class":228},[53,18678,758],{"class":232},[53,18680,314],{"class":228},[53,18682,192],{"class":66},[53,18684,67],{"class":66},[53,18686,71],{"class":70},[53,18688,810],{"class":66},[53,18690,323],{"class":228},[53,18692,1376],{"class":232},[53,18694,314],{"class":228},[53,18696,192],{"class":66},[53,18698,67],{"class":66},[53,18700,71],{"class":70},[53,18702,13583],{"class":66},[20,18704,18705],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,18707,18708],{},"Use this instead:",[44,18710,18712],{"className":46,"code":18711,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,18713,18714,18738,18762],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18715,18716,18718,18720,18722,18724,18726,18728,18730,18732,18734,18736],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18717,17112],{"class":59},[53,18719,31],{"class":63},[53,18721,67],{"class":66},[53,18723,229],{"class":228},[53,18725,758],{"class":232},[53,18727,229],{"class":228},[53,18729,74],{"class":66},[53,18731,240],{"class":228},[53,18733,1376],{"class":232},[53,18735,229],{"class":228},[53,18737,85],{"class":66},[53,18739,18740,18742,18744,18746,18748,18750,18752,18754,18756,18758,18760],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,18741,18602],{"class":59},[53,18743,31],{"class":63},[53,18745,10379],{"class":66},[53,18747,14714],{"class":59},[53,18749,192],{"class":66},[53,18751,18071],{"class":66},[53,18753,3765],{"class":3764},[53,18755,18076],{"class":59},[53,18757,3771],{"class":3764},[53,18759,18081],{"class":59},[53,18761,9197],{"class":66},[53,18763,18764,18766,18768,18770],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,18765,145],{"class":144},[53,18767,127],{"class":66},[53,18769,18635],{"class":102},[53,18771,133],{"class":66},[1327,18773,18775,18776,18778],{"id":18774},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,18777,17088],{}," on a list",[20,18780,18781],{},"Wrong idea:",[44,18783,18785],{"className":46,"code":18784,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,18786,18787,18819],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18788,18789,18791,18793,18795,18797,18799,18801,18803,18805,18807,18809,18811,18813,18815,18817],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18790,17112],{"class":59},[53,18792,31],{"class":63},[53,18794,67],{"class":66},[53,18796,229],{"class":228},[53,18798,758],{"class":232},[53,18800,229],{"class":228},[53,18802,74],{"class":66},[53,18804,240],{"class":228},[53,18806,1376],{"class":232},[53,18808,229],{"class":228},[53,18810,74],{"class":66},[53,18812,240],{"class":228},[53,18814,9628],{"class":232},[53,18816,229],{"class":228},[53,18818,85],{"class":66},[53,18820,18821],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,18822,18823],{"class":156},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,18825,18826,18828,18829,18831,18832,99],{},[15,18827,17088],{}," belongs to ",[15,18830,8708],{},", not ",[15,18833,7979],{},[20,18835,18836],{},"Correct usage:",[44,18838,18840],{"className":46,"code":18839,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18841,18842,18874,18896],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18843,18844,18846,18848,18850,18852,18854,18856,18858,18860,18862,18864,18866,18868,18870,18872],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18845,17112],{"class":59},[53,18847,31],{"class":63},[53,18849,67],{"class":66},[53,18851,229],{"class":228},[53,18853,758],{"class":232},[53,18855,229],{"class":228},[53,18857,74],{"class":66},[53,18859,240],{"class":228},[53,18861,1376],{"class":232},[53,18863,229],{"class":228},[53,18865,74],{"class":66},[53,18867,240],{"class":228},[53,18869,9628],{"class":232},[53,18871,229],{"class":228},[53,18873,85],{"class":66},[53,18875,18876,18878,18880,18882,18884,18886,18888,18890,18892,18894],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,18877,18602],{"class":59},[53,18879,31],{"class":63},[53,18881,9058],{"class":1704},[53,18883,99],{"class":66},[53,18885,17153],{"class":102},[53,18887,127],{"class":66},[53,18889,16793],{"class":102},[53,18891,74],{"class":66},[53,18893,3720],{"class":70},[53,18895,133],{"class":66},[53,18897,18898,18900,18902,18904],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,18899,145],{"class":144},[53,18901,127],{"class":66},[53,18903,18635],{"class":102},[53,18905,133],{"class":66},[1327,18907,8339,18909,18911],{"id":18908},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,18910,17088],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,18913,18914,18916],{},[15,18915,17093],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[44,18918,18920],{"className":46,"code":18919,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,18921,18922,18942,18976,18980,18990],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18923,18924,18926,18928,18930,18932,18934,18936,18938,18940],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18925,796],{"class":59},[53,18927,31],{"class":63},[53,18929,10379],{"class":66},[53,18931,229],{"class":228},[53,18933,2060],{"class":232},[53,18935,229],{"class":228},[53,18937,192],{"class":66},[53,18939,5382],{"class":70},[53,18941,9197],{"class":66},[53,18943,18944,18946,18948,18950,18952,18954,18956,18958,18960,18962,18964,18966,18968,18970,18972,18974],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,18945,12922],{"class":59},[53,18947,31],{"class":63},[53,18949,9058],{"class":1704},[53,18951,99],{"class":66},[53,18953,17153],{"class":102},[53,18955,2873],{"class":66},[53,18957,229],{"class":228},[53,18959,758],{"class":232},[53,18961,229],{"class":228},[53,18963,74],{"class":66},[53,18965,240],{"class":228},[53,18967,1376],{"class":232},[53,18969,229],{"class":228},[53,18971,810],{"class":66},[53,18973,3720],{"class":70},[53,18975,133],{"class":66},[53,18977,18978],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,18979,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,18981,18982,18984,18986,18988],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,18983,145],{"class":144},[53,18985,127],{"class":66},[53,18987,877],{"class":102},[53,18989,133],{"class":66},[53,18991,18992,18994,18996,18999],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,18993,145],{"class":144},[53,18995,127],{"class":66},[53,18997,18998],{"class":102},"new_dict",[53,19000,133],{"class":66},[20,19002,301],{},[44,19004,19006],{"className":46,"code":19005,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,19007,19008,19024],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,19009,19010,19012,19014,19016,19018,19020,19022],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,19011,9166],{"class":66},[53,19013,314],{"class":228},[53,19015,2060],{"class":232},[53,19017,314],{"class":228},[53,19019,192],{"class":66},[53,19021,5382],{"class":70},[53,19023,9197],{"class":66},[53,19025,19026,19028,19030,19032,19034,19036,19038,19040,19042,19044,19046,19048,19050],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,19027,9166],{"class":66},[53,19029,314],{"class":228},[53,19031,758],{"class":232},[53,19033,314],{"class":228},[53,19035,192],{"class":66},[53,19037,3720],{"class":70},[53,19039,74],{"class":66},[53,19041,323],{"class":228},[53,19043,1376],{"class":232},[53,19045,314],{"class":228},[53,19047,192],{"class":66},[53,19049,3720],{"class":70},[53,19051,9197],{"class":66},[20,19053,19054,19055,99],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[758,19056,10625,19057,1316],{"href":13908},[15,19058,14825],{},[1327,19060,19062,19063],{"id":19061},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,19064,3664],{},[44,19066,19068],{"className":46,"code":19067,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,19069,19070,19100],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,19071,19072,19074,19076,19078,19080,19082,19084,19086,19088,19090,19092,19094,19096,19098],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,19073,18602],{"class":59},[53,19075,31],{"class":63},[53,19077,9058],{"class":1704},[53,19079,99],{"class":66},[53,19081,17153],{"class":102},[53,19083,2873],{"class":66},[53,19085,229],{"class":228},[53,19087,2060],{"class":232},[53,19089,229],{"class":228},[53,19091,74],{"class":66},[53,19093,240],{"class":228},[53,19095,11635],{"class":232},[53,19097,229],{"class":228},[53,19099,3777],{"class":66},[53,19101,19102,19104,19106,19108],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,19103,145],{"class":144},[53,19105,127],{"class":66},[53,19107,18635],{"class":102},[53,19109,133],{"class":66},[20,19111,301],{},[44,19113,19115],{"className":46,"code":19114,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,19116,19117],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,19118,19119,19121,19123,19125,19127,19129,19131,19133,19135,19137,19139,19141,19143],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,19120,9166],{"class":66},[53,19122,314],{"class":228},[53,19124,2060],{"class":232},[53,19126,314],{"class":228},[53,19128,192],{"class":66},[53,19130,3740],{"class":3739},[53,19132,74],{"class":66},[53,19134,323],{"class":228},[53,19136,11635],{"class":232},[53,19138,314],{"class":228},[53,19140,192],{"class":66},[53,19142,3740],{"class":3739},[53,19144,9197],{"class":66},[20,19146,19147,19148,99],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,19149,3664],{},[39,19151,19153],{"id":19152},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,19155,19156,19157,19159],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,19158,17088],{}," works.",[44,19161,19163],{"className":46,"code":19162,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,19164,19165],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,19166,19167,19169,19171,19173,19175,19177,19179,19181,19183,19185,19187,19189,19191,19193,19195,19197],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,19168,145],{"class":144},[53,19170,127],{"class":66},[53,19172,8708],{"class":1704},[53,19174,99],{"class":66},[53,19176,17153],{"class":102},[53,19178,2873],{"class":66},[53,19180,229],{"class":228},[53,19182,758],{"class":232},[53,19184,229],{"class":228},[53,19186,74],{"class":66},[53,19188,240],{"class":228},[53,19190,1376],{"class":232},[53,19192,229],{"class":228},[53,19194,810],{"class":66},[53,19196,3720],{"class":70},[53,19198,1713],{"class":66},[44,19200,19201],{"className":46,"code":19067,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,19202,19203,19233],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,19204,19205,19207,19209,19211,19213,19215,19217,19219,19221,19223,19225,19227,19229,19231],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,19206,18602],{"class":59},[53,19208,31],{"class":63},[53,19210,9058],{"class":1704},[53,19212,99],{"class":66},[53,19214,17153],{"class":102},[53,19216,2873],{"class":66},[53,19218,229],{"class":228},[53,19220,2060],{"class":232},[53,19222,229],{"class":228},[53,19224,74],{"class":66},[53,19226,240],{"class":228},[53,19228,11635],{"class":232},[53,19230,229],{"class":228},[53,19232,3777],{"class":66},[53,19234,19235,19237,19239,19241],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,19236,145],{"class":144},[53,19238,127],{"class":66},[53,19240,18635],{"class":102},[53,19242,133],{"class":66},[44,19244,19245],{"className":46,"code":18595,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,19246,19247,19279,19301],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,19248,19249,19251,19253,19255,19257,19259,19261,19263,19265,19267,19269,19271,19273,19275,19277],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,19250,18602],{"class":59},[53,19252,31],{"class":63},[53,19254,9058],{"class":1704},[53,19256,99],{"class":66},[53,19258,17153],{"class":102},[53,19260,2873],{"class":66},[53,19262,229],{"class":228},[53,19264,758],{"class":232},[53,19266,229],{"class":228},[53,19268,74],{"class":66},[53,19270,240],{"class":228},[53,19272,1376],{"class":232},[53,19274,229],{"class":228},[53,19276,810],{"class":66},[53,19278,17864],{"class":66},[53,19280,19281,19283,19285,19287,19289,19291,19293,19295,19297,19299],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,19282,18635],{"class":59},[53,19284,311],{"class":66},[53,19286,229],{"class":228},[53,19288,758],{"class":232},[53,19290,229],{"class":228},[53,19292,855],{"class":66},[53,19294,124],{"class":102},[53,19296,127],{"class":66},[53,19298,71],{"class":70},[53,19300,133],{"class":66},[53,19302,19303,19305,19307,19309],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,19304,145],{"class":144},[53,19306,127],{"class":66},[53,19308,18635],{"class":102},[53,19310,133],{"class":66},[44,19312,19314],{"className":46,"code":19313,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,19315,19316],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,19317,19318,19320,19322,19324,19326,19328,19330,19332,19334,19336,19338,19340,19342,19344,19346,19348,19350,19352],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,19319,145],{"class":144},[53,19321,127],{"class":66},[53,19323,1705],{"class":1704},[53,19325,127],{"class":66},[53,19327,8708],{"class":1704},[53,19329,99],{"class":66},[53,19331,17153],{"class":102},[53,19333,2873],{"class":66},[53,19335,71],{"class":70},[53,19337,74],{"class":66},[53,19339,77],{"class":70},[53,19341,74],{"class":66},[53,19343,82],{"class":70},[53,19345,810],{"class":66},[53,19347,240],{"class":228},[53,19349,2360],{"class":232},[53,19351,229],{"class":228},[53,19353,2799],{"class":66},[39,19355,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,19357,1729,19359,19361],{"id":19358},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19360,17088],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,19363,19364],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[1327,19366,19368],{"id":19367},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,19370,19371,19372,99],{},"Each key gets ",[15,19373,3664],{},[1327,19375,19377],{"id":19376},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,19379,19380],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[1327,19382,19384],{"id":19383},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,19386,18019],{},[44,19388,19390],{"className":46,"code":19389,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,19391,19392,19424],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,19393,19394,19396,19398,19400,19402,19404,19406,19408,19410,19412,19414,19416,19418,19420,19422],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,19395,17112],{"class":59},[53,19397,31],{"class":63},[53,19399,67],{"class":66},[53,19401,229],{"class":228},[53,19403,758],{"class":232},[53,19405,229],{"class":228},[53,19407,74],{"class":66},[53,19409,240],{"class":228},[53,19411,1376],{"class":232},[53,19413,229],{"class":228},[53,19415,74],{"class":66},[53,19417,240],{"class":228},[53,19419,9628],{"class":232},[53,19421,229],{"class":228},[53,19423,85],{"class":66},[53,19425,19426,19428,19430,19432,19434,19436,19438,19440,19442,19444,19446],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,19427,9053],{"class":59},[53,19429,31],{"class":63},[53,19431,10379],{"class":66},[53,19433,14714],{"class":59},[53,19435,192],{"class":66},[53,19437,18071],{"class":66},[53,19439,3765],{"class":3764},[53,19441,18076],{"class":59},[53,19443,3771],{"class":3764},[53,19445,18081],{"class":59},[53,19447,9197],{"class":66},[39,19449,1788],{"id":1787},[194,19451,19452,19456,19460,19464,19470],{},[197,19453,19454],{},[758,19455,11131],{"href":12910},[197,19457,19458],{},[758,19459,9043],{"href":12907},[197,19461,19462],{},[758,19463,11140],{"href":17771},[197,19465,19466],{},[758,19467,10625,19468,1316],{"href":13908},[15,19469,14825],{},[197,19471,19472],{},[758,19473,10625,19474,1316],{"href":14869},[15,19475,17],{},[20,19477,174,19478,19480],{},[15,19479,17093],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[1817,19482,19483],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":19485},[19486,19487,19489,19493,19494,19496,19501,19503,19510,19519,19520,19527],{"id":41,"depth":88,"text":42},{"id":17193,"depth":88,"text":19488},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17237,"depth":88,"text":17238,"children":19490},[19491,19492],{"id":17264,"depth":109,"text":17265},{"id":997,"depth":109,"text":998},{"id":5671,"depth":88,"text":5672},{"id":17446,"depth":88,"text":19495},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":17775,"depth":88,"text":17776,"children":19497},[19498,19499,19500],{"id":17805,"depth":109,"text":17806},{"id":17967,"depth":109,"text":17968},{"id":18015,"depth":109,"text":18016},{"id":18179,"depth":88,"text":19502},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18337,"depth":88,"text":19504,"children":19505},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19506,19508,19509],{"id":18348,"depth":109,"text":19507},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18413,"depth":109,"text":18414},{"id":18487,"depth":109,"text":18488},{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716,"children":19511},[19512,19513,19515,19517],{"id":18591,"depth":109,"text":18592},{"id":18774,"depth":109,"text":19514},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":18908,"depth":109,"text":19516},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19061,"depth":109,"text":19518},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19152,"depth":88,"text":19153},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":19521},[19522,19524,19525,19526],{"id":19358,"depth":109,"text":19523},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19367,"depth":109,"text":19368},{"id":19376,"depth":109,"text":19377},{"id":19383,"depth":109,"text":19384},{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17080,"description":19528},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19535,"title":19536,"body":19537,"description":21367,"extension":1853,"meta":21368,"navigation":112,"path":21369,"seo":21370,"stem":21371,"__hash__":21372},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19538,"toc":21334},[19539,19544,19550,19561,19691,19698,19703,19707,19723,19725,19823,19826,19843,19847,19849,19854,19892,19895,19913,19915,20033,20038,20042,20058,20061,20197,20200,20205,20211,20214,20251,20254,20258,20263,20339,20343,20348,20430,20432,20448,20453,20457,20463,20532,20535,20552,20555,20637,20643,20646,20666,20670,20675,20681,20687,20758,20761,20767,20770,20844,20851,20857,20865,20875,20877,20972,20978,20983,21070,21076,21078,21083,21105,21108,21203,21206,21237,21250,21252,21260,21266,21272,21275,21281,21286,21293,21298,21300,21331],[10,19540,11207,19542,18],{"id":19541},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,19543,10628],{},[20,19545,19546,19547,19549],{},"The dictionary ",[15,19548,10628],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,19551,19552,19553,2076,19556,2285,19558,19560],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,19554,19555],{},"KeyError",[15,19557,10628],{},[15,19559,3664],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[44,19562,19564],{"className":46,"code":19563,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,19565,19566,19602,19606,19632,19657],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,19567,19568,19570,19572,19574,19576,19578,19580,19582,19584,19586,19588,19590,19592,19594,19596,19598,19600],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,19569,13083],{"class":59},[53,19571,31],{"class":63},[53,19573,10379],{"class":66},[53,19575,229],{"class":228},[53,19577,1710],{"class":232},[53,19579,229],{"class":228},[53,19581,192],{"class":66},[53,19583,240],{"class":228},[53,19585,12765],{"class":232},[53,19587,229],{"class":228},[53,19589,74],{"class":66},[53,19591,240],{"class":228},[53,19593,9187],{"class":232},[53,19595,229],{"class":228},[53,19597,192],{"class":66},[53,19599,9194],{"class":70},[53,19601,9197],{"class":66},[53,19603,19604],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,19605,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,19607,19608,19610,19612,19614,19616,19619,19621,19623,19625,19627,19629],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,19609,145],{"class":144},[53,19611,127],{"class":66},[53,19613,17177],{"class":102},[53,19615,99],{"class":66},[53,19617,19618],{"class":102},"get",[53,19620,127],{"class":66},[53,19622,229],{"class":228},[53,19624,1710],{"class":232},[53,19626,229],{"class":228},[53,19628,5245],{"class":66},[53,19630,19631],{"class":156},"           # Ana\n",[53,19633,19634,19636,19638,19640,19642,19644,19646,19648,19650,19652,19654],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,19635,145],{"class":144},[53,19637,127],{"class":66},[53,19639,17177],{"class":102},[53,19641,99],{"class":66},[53,19643,19618],{"class":102},[53,19645,127],{"class":66},[53,19647,229],{"class":228},[53,19649,10297],{"class":232},[53,19651,229],{"class":228},[53,19653,5245],{"class":66},[53,19655,19656],{"class":156},"           # None\n",[53,19658,19659,19661,19663,19665,19667,19669,19671,19673,19675,19677,19679,19681,19684,19686,19688],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,19660,145],{"class":144},[53,19662,127],{"class":66},[53,19664,17177],{"class":102},[53,19666,99],{"class":66},[53,19668,19618],{"class":102},[53,19670,127],{"class":66},[53,19672,229],{"class":228},[53,19674,10297],{"class":232},[53,19676,229],{"class":228},[53,19678,74],{"class":66},[53,19680,240],{"class":228},[53,19682,19683],{"class":232},"N\u002FA",[53,19685,229],{"class":228},[53,19687,5245],{"class":66},[53,19689,19690],{"class":156},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,19692,174,19693,19695,19696,99],{},[15,19694,10628],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,19697,19555],{},[39,19699,184,19701,187],{"id":19700},"what-get-does",[15,19702,10628],{},[20,19704,1870,19705,11301],{},[15,19706,10628],{},[194,19708,19709,19712,19717,19720],{},[197,19710,19711],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[197,19713,11312,19714,19716],{},[15,19715,3664],{}," if the key does not exist",[197,19718,19719],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[197,19721,19722],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,19724,211],{},[44,19726,19728],{"className":46,"code":19727,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,19729,19730,19769,19773,19798],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,19731,19732,19734,19736,19738,19740,19742,19744,19746,19748,19751,19753,19755,19757,19760,19762,19764,19767],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,19733,12748],{"class":59},[53,19735,31],{"class":63},[53,19737,10379],{"class":66},[53,19739,229],{"class":228},[53,19741,1710],{"class":232},[53,19743,229],{"class":228},[53,19745,192],{"class":66},[53,19747,240],{"class":228},[53,19749,19750],{"class":232},"Lina",[53,19752,229],{"class":228},[53,19754,74],{"class":66},[53,19756,240],{"class":228},[53,19758,19759],{"class":232},"grade",[53,19761,229],{"class":228},[53,19763,192],{"class":66},[53,19765,19766],{"class":70}," 90",[53,19768,9197],{"class":66},[53,19770,19771],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,19772,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,19774,19775,19777,19779,19781,19783,19785,19787,19789,19791,19793,19795],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,19776,145],{"class":144},[53,19778,127],{"class":66},[53,19780,13503],{"class":102},[53,19782,99],{"class":66},[53,19784,19618],{"class":102},[53,19786,127],{"class":66},[53,19788,229],{"class":228},[53,19790,1710],{"class":232},[53,19792,229],{"class":228},[53,19794,5245],{"class":66},[53,19796,19797],{"class":156},"     # Lina\n",[53,19799,19800,19802,19804,19806,19808,19810,19812,19814,19816,19818,19820],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,19801,145],{"class":144},[53,19803,127],{"class":66},[53,19805,13503],{"class":102},[53,19807,99],{"class":66},[53,19809,19618],{"class":102},[53,19811,127],{"class":66},[53,19813,229],{"class":228},[53,19815,15129],{"class":232},[53,19817,229],{"class":228},[53,19819,5245],{"class":66},[53,19821,19822],{"class":156},"    # None\n",[20,19824,19825],{},"In this example:",[194,19827,19828,19833],{},[197,19829,19830,19832],{},[15,19831,15110],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[197,19834,19835,19838,19839,2285,19841],{},[15,19836,19837],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,19840,10628],{},[15,19842,3664],{},[20,19844,12904,19845,99],{},[758,19846,9043],{"href":9042},[39,19848,372],{"id":371},[20,19850,19851,19852,192],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,19853,10628],{},[44,19855,19857],{"className":46,"code":19856,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,19858,19859,19873],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,19860,19861,19863,19865,19867,19869,19871],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,19862,15475],{"class":59},[53,19864,99],{"class":66},[53,19866,19618],{"class":102},[53,19868,127],{"class":66},[53,19870,14714],{"class":102},[53,19872,133],{"class":66},[53,19874,19875,19877,19879,19881,19883,19885,19887,19890],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,19876,15475],{"class":59},[53,19878,99],{"class":66},[53,19880,19618],{"class":102},[53,19882,127],{"class":66},[53,19884,14714],{"class":102},[53,19886,74],{"class":66},[53,19888,19889],{"class":102}," default_value",[53,19891,133],{"class":66},[20,19893,19894],{},"What each part means:",[194,19896,19897,19902,19908],{},[197,19898,19899,19901],{},[15,19900,14714],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[197,19903,19904,19907],{},[15,19905,19906],{},"default_value"," is optional",[197,19909,19910,19911],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,19912,3664],{},[20,19914,211],{},[44,19916,19918],{"className":46,"code":19917,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,19919,19920,19944,19948,19973,19999],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,19921,19922,19924,19926,19928,19930,19932,19934,19936,19938,19940,19942],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,19923,13701],{"class":59},[53,19925,31],{"class":63},[53,19927,10379],{"class":66},[53,19929,229],{"class":228},[53,19931,12382],{"class":232},[53,19933,229],{"class":228},[53,19935,192],{"class":66},[53,19937,240],{"class":228},[53,19939,12391],{"class":232},[53,19941,229],{"class":228},[53,19943,9197],{"class":66},[53,19945,19946],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,19947,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,19949,19950,19952,19954,19956,19958,19960,19962,19964,19966,19968,19970],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,19951,145],{"class":144},[53,19953,127],{"class":66},[53,19955,13760],{"class":102},[53,19957,99],{"class":66},[53,19959,19618],{"class":102},[53,19961,127],{"class":66},[53,19963,229],{"class":228},[53,19965,12382],{"class":232},[53,19967,229],{"class":228},[53,19969,5245],{"class":66},[53,19971,19972],{"class":156},"            # dark\n",[53,19974,19975,19977,19979,19981,19983,19985,19987,19989,19992,19994,19996],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,19976,145],{"class":144},[53,19978,127],{"class":66},[53,19980,13760],{"class":102},[53,19982,99],{"class":66},[53,19984,19618],{"class":102},[53,19986,127],{"class":66},[53,19988,229],{"class":228},[53,19990,19991],{"class":232},"language",[53,19993,229],{"class":228},[53,19995,5245],{"class":66},[53,19997,19998],{"class":156},"         # None\n",[53,20000,20001,20003,20005,20007,20009,20011,20013,20015,20017,20019,20021,20023,20026,20028,20030],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,20002,145],{"class":144},[53,20004,127],{"class":66},[53,20006,13760],{"class":102},[53,20008,99],{"class":66},[53,20010,19618],{"class":102},[53,20012,127],{"class":66},[53,20014,229],{"class":228},[53,20016,19991],{"class":232},[53,20018,229],{"class":228},[53,20020,74],{"class":66},[53,20022,240],{"class":228},[53,20024,20025],{"class":232},"en",[53,20027,229],{"class":228},[53,20029,5245],{"class":66},[53,20031,20032],{"class":156},"   # en\n",[39,20034,1145,20036],{"id":20035},"when-to-use-get",[15,20037,10628],{},[20,20039,174,20040,1152],{},[15,20041,10628],{},[194,20043,20044,20047,20052,20055],{},[197,20045,20046],{},"A key might not exist",[197,20048,20049,20050],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,20051,19555],{},[197,20053,20054],{},"You are reading optional data",[197,20056,20057],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,20059,20060],{},"Example with optional user data:",[44,20062,20064],{"className":46,"code":20063,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,20065,20066,20108,20112,20137,20163],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,20067,20068,20070,20072,20074,20076,20078,20080,20082,20084,20087,20089,20091,20093,20095,20097,20099,20101,20104,20106],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,20069,11377],{"class":59},[53,20071,31],{"class":63},[53,20073,10379],{"class":66},[53,20075,229],{"class":228},[53,20077,7870],{"class":232},[53,20079,229],{"class":228},[53,20081,192],{"class":66},[53,20083,240],{"class":228},[53,20085,20086],{"class":232},"sam",[53,20088,229],{"class":228},[53,20090,74],{"class":66},[53,20092,240],{"class":228},[53,20094,15129],{"class":232},[53,20096,229],{"class":228},[53,20098,192],{"class":66},[53,20100,240],{"class":228},[53,20102,20103],{"class":232},"sam@example.com",[53,20105,229],{"class":228},[53,20107,9197],{"class":66},[53,20109,20110],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,20111,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,20113,20114,20116,20118,20120,20122,20124,20126,20128,20130,20132,20134],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,20115,145],{"class":144},[53,20117,127],{"class":66},[53,20119,11471],{"class":102},[53,20121,99],{"class":66},[53,20123,19618],{"class":102},[53,20125,127],{"class":66},[53,20127,229],{"class":228},[53,20129,7870],{"class":232},[53,20131,229],{"class":228},[53,20133,5245],{"class":66},[53,20135,20136],{"class":156},"              # sam\n",[53,20138,20139,20141,20143,20145,20147,20149,20151,20153,20156,20158,20160],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,20140,145],{"class":144},[53,20142,127],{"class":66},[53,20144,11471],{"class":102},[53,20146,99],{"class":66},[53,20148,19618],{"class":102},[53,20150,127],{"class":66},[53,20152,229],{"class":228},[53,20154,20155],{"class":232},"phone",[53,20157,229],{"class":228},[53,20159,5245],{"class":66},[53,20161,20162],{"class":156},"                 # None\n",[53,20164,20165,20167,20169,20171,20173,20175,20177,20179,20181,20183,20185,20187,20190,20192,20194],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,20166,145],{"class":144},[53,20168,127],{"class":66},[53,20170,11471],{"class":102},[53,20172,99],{"class":66},[53,20174,19618],{"class":102},[53,20176,127],{"class":66},[53,20178,229],{"class":228},[53,20180,20155],{"class":232},[53,20182,229],{"class":228},[53,20184,74],{"class":66},[53,20186,240],{"class":228},[53,20188,20189],{"class":232},"Not provided",[53,20191,229],{"class":228},[53,20193,5245],{"class":66},[53,20195,20196],{"class":156}," # Not provided\n",[20,20198,20199],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,20201,20202,20203,99],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[758,20204,16468],{"href":16467},[39,20206,20208,20210],{"id":20207},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,20209,10628],{}," vs square brackets",[20,20212,20213],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[44,20215,20217],{"className":46,"code":20216,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,20218,20219,20233],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,20220,20221,20223,20225,20227,20229,20231],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,20222,9092],{"class":59},[53,20224,311],{"class":66},[53,20226,229],{"class":228},[53,20228,14714],{"class":232},[53,20230,229],{"class":228},[53,20232,85],{"class":66},[53,20234,20235,20237,20239,20241,20243,20245,20247,20249],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,20236,9092],{"class":59},[53,20238,99],{"class":66},[53,20240,19618],{"class":102},[53,20242,127],{"class":66},[53,20244,229],{"class":228},[53,20246,14714],{"class":232},[53,20248,229],{"class":228},[53,20250,133],{"class":66},[20,20252,20253],{},"The difference is important.",[1327,20255,20257],{"id":20256},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,20259,20260,20261,99],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,20262,19555],{},[44,20264,20266],{"className":46,"code":20265,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,20267,20268,20292,20296,20318],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,20269,20270,20272,20274,20276,20278,20280,20282,20284,20286,20288,20290],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,20271,9053],{"class":59},[53,20273,31],{"class":63},[53,20275,10379],{"class":66},[53,20277,229],{"class":228},[53,20279,1710],{"class":232},[53,20281,229],{"class":228},[53,20283,192],{"class":66},[53,20285,240],{"class":228},[53,20287,12765],{"class":232},[53,20289,229],{"class":228},[53,20291,9197],{"class":66},[53,20293,20294],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,20295,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,20297,20298,20300,20302,20304,20306,20308,20310,20312,20315],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,20299,145],{"class":144},[53,20301,127],{"class":66},[53,20303,9092],{"class":102},[53,20305,311],{"class":66},[53,20307,229],{"class":228},[53,20309,1710],{"class":232},[53,20311,229],{"class":228},[53,20313,20314],{"class":66},"])",[53,20316,20317],{"class":156},"   # Ana\n",[53,20319,20320,20322,20324,20326,20328,20330,20332,20334,20336],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,20321,145],{"class":144},[53,20323,127],{"class":66},[53,20325,9092],{"class":102},[53,20327,311],{"class":66},[53,20329,229],{"class":228},[53,20331,10297],{"class":232},[53,20333,229],{"class":228},[53,20335,20314],{"class":66},[53,20337,20338],{"class":156},"   # KeyError\n",[1327,20340,20341],{"id":19618},[15,20342,10628],{},[20,20344,20345,20347],{},[15,20346,10628],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[44,20349,20351],{"className":46,"code":20350,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,20352,20353,20377,20381,20405],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,20354,20355,20357,20359,20361,20363,20365,20367,20369,20371,20373,20375],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,20356,9053],{"class":59},[53,20358,31],{"class":63},[53,20360,10379],{"class":66},[53,20362,229],{"class":228},[53,20364,1710],{"class":232},[53,20366,229],{"class":228},[53,20368,192],{"class":66},[53,20370,240],{"class":228},[53,20372,12765],{"class":232},[53,20374,229],{"class":228},[53,20376,9197],{"class":66},[53,20378,20379],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,20380,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,20382,20383,20385,20387,20389,20391,20393,20395,20397,20399,20401,20403],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,20384,145],{"class":144},[53,20386,127],{"class":66},[53,20388,9092],{"class":102},[53,20390,99],{"class":66},[53,20392,19618],{"class":102},[53,20394,127],{"class":66},[53,20396,229],{"class":228},[53,20398,1710],{"class":232},[53,20400,229],{"class":228},[53,20402,5245],{"class":66},[53,20404,20317],{"class":156},[53,20406,20407,20409,20411,20413,20415,20417,20419,20421,20423,20425,20427],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,20408,145],{"class":144},[53,20410,127],{"class":66},[53,20412,9092],{"class":102},[53,20414,99],{"class":66},[53,20416,19618],{"class":102},[53,20418,127],{"class":66},[53,20420,229],{"class":228},[53,20422,10297],{"class":232},[53,20424,229],{"class":228},[53,20426,5245],{"class":66},[53,20428,20429],{"class":156},"   # None\n",[20,20431,18562],{},[194,20433,20434,20440],{},[197,20435,20436,20437],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[34,20438,20439],{},"must exist",[197,20441,20442,20444,20445],{},[15,20443,10628],{}," when the key is ",[34,20446,20447],{},"optional",[20,20449,20450,20451,99],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[758,20452,11151],{"href":10962},[39,20454,20456],{"id":20455},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,20458,20459,20460,20462],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,20461,10628],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[44,20464,20466],{"className":46,"code":20465,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,20467,20468,20493,20497],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,20469,20470,20473,20475,20477,20479,20481,20483,20485,20487,20489,20491],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,20471,20472],{"class":59},"profile ",[53,20474,31],{"class":63},[53,20476,10379],{"class":66},[53,20478,229],{"class":228},[53,20480,1710],{"class":232},[53,20482,229],{"class":228},[53,20484,192],{"class":66},[53,20486,240],{"class":228},[53,20488,7806],{"class":232},[53,20490,229],{"class":228},[53,20492,9197],{"class":66},[53,20494,20495],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,20496,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,20498,20499,20501,20503,20506,20508,20510,20512,20514,20516,20518,20520,20522,20525,20527,20529],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,20500,145],{"class":144},[53,20502,127],{"class":66},[53,20504,20505],{"class":102},"profile",[53,20507,99],{"class":66},[53,20509,19618],{"class":102},[53,20511,127],{"class":66},[53,20513,229],{"class":228},[53,20515,15132],{"class":232},[53,20517,229],{"class":228},[53,20519,74],{"class":66},[53,20521,240],{"class":228},[53,20523,20524],{"class":232},"Unknown",[53,20526,229],{"class":228},[53,20528,5245],{"class":66},[53,20530,20531],{"class":156},"  # Unknown\n",[20,20533,20534],{},"This is useful for display text:",[194,20536,20537,20542,20547],{},[197,20538,20539],{},[15,20540,20541],{},"\"Unknown\"",[197,20543,20544],{},[15,20545,20546],{},"\"Not set\"",[197,20548,20549],{},[15,20550,20551],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,20553,20554],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[44,20556,20558],{"className":46,"code":20557,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,20559,20560,20592,20596,20623],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,20561,20562,20564,20566,20568,20570,20572,20574,20576,20578,20580,20582,20584,20586,20588,20590],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,20563,1181],{"class":59},[53,20565,31],{"class":63},[53,20567,10379],{"class":66},[53,20569,229],{"class":228},[53,20571,18284],{"class":232},[53,20573,229],{"class":228},[53,20575,192],{"class":66},[53,20577,5890],{"class":70},[53,20579,74],{"class":66},[53,20581,240],{"class":228},[53,20583,18293],{"class":232},[53,20585,229],{"class":228},[53,20587,192],{"class":66},[53,20589,6246],{"class":70},[53,20591,9197],{"class":66},[53,20593,20594],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,20595,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,20597,20598,20601,20603,20605,20607,20609,20611,20613,20615,20617,20619,20621],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,20599,20600],{"class":59},"total_history ",[53,20602,31],{"class":63},[53,20604,1210],{"class":59},[53,20606,99],{"class":66},[53,20608,19618],{"class":102},[53,20610,127],{"class":66},[53,20612,229],{"class":228},[53,20614,18302],{"class":232},[53,20616,229],{"class":228},[53,20618,74],{"class":66},[53,20620,3720],{"class":70},[53,20622,133],{"class":66},[53,20624,20625,20627,20629,20632,20634],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,20626,145],{"class":144},[53,20628,127],{"class":66},[53,20630,20631],{"class":102},"total_history",[53,20633,153],{"class":66},[53,20635,20636],{"class":156},"   # 0\n",[20,20638,20639,20640,20642],{},"Here, ",[15,20641,852],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,20644,20645],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[194,20647,20648,20651,20656,20661],{},[197,20649,20650],{},"Use a string for text",[197,20652,174,20653,20655],{},[15,20654,852],{}," for numbers",[197,20657,174,20658,20660],{},[15,20659,3673],{}," for lists if needed",[197,20662,174,20663,20665],{},[15,20664,3678],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[39,20667,20669],{"id":20668},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,20671,20672,20673,99],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,20674,10628],{},[1327,20676,20678,20680],{"id":20677},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,20679,10628],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,20682,20683,20684,20686],{},"This code does ",[34,20685,36],{}," create a new key:",[44,20688,20690],{"className":46,"code":20689,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,20691,20692,20716,20720,20745],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,20693,20694,20696,20698,20700,20702,20704,20706,20708,20710,20712,20714],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,20695,13083],{"class":59},[53,20697,31],{"class":63},[53,20699,10379],{"class":66},[53,20701,229],{"class":228},[53,20703,1710],{"class":232},[53,20705,229],{"class":228},[53,20707,192],{"class":66},[53,20709,240],{"class":228},[53,20711,12765],{"class":232},[53,20713,229],{"class":228},[53,20715,9197],{"class":66},[53,20717,20718],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,20719,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,20721,20722,20724,20726,20728,20730,20732,20734,20736,20738,20740,20742],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,20723,145],{"class":144},[53,20725,127],{"class":66},[53,20727,17177],{"class":102},[53,20729,99],{"class":66},[53,20731,19618],{"class":102},[53,20733,127],{"class":66},[53,20735,229],{"class":228},[53,20737,10297],{"class":232},[53,20739,229],{"class":228},[53,20741,5245],{"class":66},[53,20743,20744],{"class":156},"  # None\n",[53,20746,20747,20749,20751,20753,20755],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,20748,145],{"class":144},[53,20750,127],{"class":66},[53,20752,17177],{"class":102},[53,20754,153],{"class":66},[53,20756,20757],{"class":156},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,20759,20760],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[1327,20762,20764,20766],{"id":20763},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,20765,10628],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,20768,20769],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[44,20771,20773],{"className":46,"code":20772,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,20774,20775,20801,20805,20831],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,20776,20777,20779,20781,20783,20785,20788,20790,20792,20794,20797,20799],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,20778,13701],{"class":59},[53,20780,31],{"class":63},[53,20782,10379],{"class":66},[53,20784,229],{"class":228},[53,20786,20787],{"class":232},"mode",[53,20789,229],{"class":228},[53,20791,192],{"class":66},[53,20793,240],{"class":228},[53,20795,20796],{"class":232},"light",[53,20798,229],{"class":228},[53,20800,9197],{"class":66},[53,20802,20803],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,20804,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,20806,20807,20809,20811,20813,20815,20817,20819,20821,20823,20825,20827,20829],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,20808,13760],{"class":59},[53,20810,99],{"class":66},[53,20812,19618],{"class":102},[53,20814,127],{"class":66},[53,20816,229],{"class":228},[53,20818,12382],{"class":232},[53,20820,229],{"class":228},[53,20822,74],{"class":66},[53,20824,240],{"class":228},[53,20826,12391],{"class":232},[53,20828,229],{"class":228},[53,20830,133],{"class":66},[53,20832,20833,20835,20837,20839,20841],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,20834,145],{"class":144},[53,20836,127],{"class":66},[53,20838,13760],{"class":102},[53,20840,153],{"class":66},[53,20842,20843],{"class":156},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,20845,20846,20847,20850],{},"Even though ",[15,20848,20849],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[1327,20852,20854,20855],{"id":20853},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,20856,3664],{},[20,20858,20859,20860,2285,20862,20864],{},"Sometimes ",[15,20861,10628],{},[15,20863,3664],{}," because:",[194,20866,20867,20870],{},[197,20868,20869],{},"The key is missing, or",[197,20871,20872,20873],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,20874,3664],{},[20,20876,211],{},[44,20878,20880],{"className":46,"code":20879,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,20881,20882,20919,20923,20947],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,20883,20884,20886,20888,20890,20892,20894,20896,20898,20900,20902,20904,20906,20908,20911,20913,20915,20917],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,20885,9053],{"class":59},[53,20887,31],{"class":63},[53,20889,10379],{"class":66},[53,20891,229],{"class":228},[53,20893,1710],{"class":232},[53,20895,229],{"class":228},[53,20897,192],{"class":66},[53,20899,240],{"class":228},[53,20901,12765],{"class":232},[53,20903,229],{"class":228},[53,20905,74],{"class":66},[53,20907,240],{"class":228},[53,20909,20910],{"class":232},"nickname",[53,20912,229],{"class":228},[53,20914,192],{"class":66},[53,20916,3740],{"class":3739},[53,20918,9197],{"class":66},[53,20920,20921],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,20922,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,20924,20925,20927,20929,20931,20933,20935,20937,20939,20941,20943,20945],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,20926,145],{"class":144},[53,20928,127],{"class":66},[53,20930,9092],{"class":102},[53,20932,99],{"class":66},[53,20934,19618],{"class":102},[53,20936,127],{"class":66},[53,20938,229],{"class":228},[53,20940,20910],{"class":232},[53,20942,229],{"class":228},[53,20944,5245],{"class":66},[53,20946,20744],{"class":156},[53,20948,20949,20951,20953,20955,20957,20959,20961,20963,20965,20967,20969],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,20950,145],{"class":144},[53,20952,127],{"class":66},[53,20954,9092],{"class":102},[53,20956,99],{"class":66},[53,20958,19618],{"class":102},[53,20960,127],{"class":66},[53,20962,229],{"class":228},[53,20964,10297],{"class":232},[53,20966,229],{"class":228},[53,20968,5245],{"class":66},[53,20970,20971],{"class":156},"      # None\n",[20,20973,20974,20975,20977],{},"Both lines print ",[15,20976,3664],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,20979,20980,20981,192],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,20982,3771],{},[44,20984,20986],{"className":46,"code":20985,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,20987,20988,21024,21028,21049],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,20989,20990,20992,20994,20996,20998,21000,21002,21004,21006,21008,21010,21012,21014,21016,21018,21020,21022],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,20991,9053],{"class":59},[53,20993,31],{"class":63},[53,20995,10379],{"class":66},[53,20997,229],{"class":228},[53,20999,1710],{"class":232},[53,21001,229],{"class":228},[53,21003,192],{"class":66},[53,21005,240],{"class":228},[53,21007,12765],{"class":232},[53,21009,229],{"class":228},[53,21011,74],{"class":66},[53,21013,240],{"class":228},[53,21015,20910],{"class":232},[53,21017,229],{"class":228},[53,21019,192],{"class":66},[53,21021,3740],{"class":3739},[53,21023,9197],{"class":66},[53,21025,21026],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,21027,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,21029,21030,21032,21034,21036,21038,21040,21043,21045,21047],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,21031,145],{"class":144},[53,21033,127],{"class":66},[53,21035,229],{"class":228},[53,21037,20910],{"class":232},[53,21039,229],{"class":228},[53,21041,21042],{"class":3764}," in",[53,21044,14439],{"class":102},[53,21046,153],{"class":66},[53,21048,3550],{"class":156},[53,21050,21051,21053,21055,21057,21059,21061,21063,21065,21067],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,21052,145],{"class":144},[53,21054,127],{"class":66},[53,21056,229],{"class":228},[53,21058,10297],{"class":232},[53,21060,229],{"class":228},[53,21062,21042],{"class":3764},[53,21064,14439],{"class":102},[53,21066,153],{"class":66},[53,21068,21069],{"class":156},"      # False\n",[20,21071,21072,21073,99],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[758,21074,21075],{"href":17023},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[39,21077,2716],{"id":2715},[20,21079,21080,21081,192],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,21082,10628],{},[194,21084,21085,21090,21097,21102],{},[197,21086,21087,21088],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,21089,19555],{},[197,21091,4590,21092,2285,21094,21096],{},[15,21093,10628],{},[15,21095,3664],{}," if no default is provided",[197,21098,4465,21099,21101],{},[15,21100,10628],{}," creates a key automatically",[197,21103,21104],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,21106,21107],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[44,21109,21111],{"className":46,"code":21110,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,21112,21113,21123,21137,21155,21177],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,21114,21115,21117,21119,21121],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,21116,145],{"class":144},[53,21118,127],{"class":66},[53,21120,11338],{"class":102},[53,21122,133],{"class":66},[53,21124,21125,21127,21129,21131,21133,21135],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,21126,145],{"class":144},[53,21128,127],{"class":66},[53,21130,11338],{"class":102},[53,21132,99],{"class":66},[53,21134,16793],{"class":102},[53,21136,7081],{"class":66},[53,21138,21139,21141,21143,21145,21147,21149,21151,21153],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,21140,145],{"class":144},[53,21142,127],{"class":66},[53,21144,314],{"class":228},[53,21146,1710],{"class":232},[53,21148,314],{"class":228},[53,21150,21042],{"class":3764},[53,21152,11656],{"class":102},[53,21154,133],{"class":66},[53,21156,21157,21159,21161,21163,21165,21167,21169,21171,21173,21175],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,21158,145],{"class":144},[53,21160,127],{"class":66},[53,21162,11338],{"class":102},[53,21164,99],{"class":66},[53,21166,19618],{"class":102},[53,21168,127],{"class":66},[53,21170,314],{"class":228},[53,21172,1710],{"class":232},[53,21174,314],{"class":228},[53,21176,1713],{"class":66},[53,21178,21179,21181,21183,21185,21187,21189,21191,21193,21195,21197,21199,21201],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,21180,145],{"class":144},[53,21182,127],{"class":66},[53,21184,1705],{"class":1704},[53,21186,127],{"class":66},[53,21188,11338],{"class":102},[53,21190,99],{"class":66},[53,21192,19618],{"class":102},[53,21194,127],{"class":66},[53,21196,314],{"class":228},[53,21198,1710],{"class":232},[53,21200,314],{"class":228},[53,21202,2799],{"class":66},[20,21204,21205],{},"What these checks tell you:",[194,21207,21208,21213,21219,21225,21231],{},[197,21209,21210,21212],{},[15,21211,12567],{}," shows the full dictionary",[197,21214,21215,21218],{},[15,21216,21217],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[197,21220,21221,21224],{},[15,21222,21223],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[197,21226,21227,21230],{},[15,21228,21229],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[197,21232,21233,21236],{},[15,21234,21235],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,21238,21239,21240,960,21245,21249],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[758,21241,21242,21243,1316],{"href":16932},"the dictionary ",[15,21244,16935],{},[758,21246,21242,21247,1316],{"href":16945},[15,21248,16948],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[39,21251,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,21253,1729,21255,21257,21258,1744],{"id":21254},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,21256,10628],{}," raise ",[15,21259,19555],{},[20,21261,21262,21263,21265],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,21264,3664],{}," or the default value you provide.",[1327,21267,1729,21269,21271],{"id":21268},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,21270,10628],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,21273,21274],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[1327,21276,21278,21279,1744],{"id":21277},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,21280,10628],{},[20,21282,21283,21285],{},[15,21284,3664],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[1327,21287,21289,21290,21292],{"id":21288},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,21291,10628],{}," or square brackets?",[20,21294,174,21295,21297],{},[15,21296,10628],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[39,21299,1788],{"id":1787},[194,21301,21302,21306,21312,21318,21322,21327],{},[197,21303,21304],{},[758,21305,9043],{"href":9042},[197,21307,21308],{},[758,21309,10625,21310,1316],{"href":16932},[15,21311,16935],{},[197,21313,21314],{},[758,21315,10625,21316,1316],{"href":16945},[15,21317,16948],{},[197,21319,21320],{},[758,21321,17024],{"href":17023},[197,21323,21324],{},[758,21325,21326],{"href":16467},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[197,21328,21329],{},[758,21330,11151],{"href":10962},[1817,21332,21333],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":21335},[21336,21338,21339,21341,21346,21347,21355,21356,21366],{"id":19700,"depth":88,"text":21337},"What get() does",{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372},{"id":20035,"depth":88,"text":21340},"When to use get()",{"id":20207,"depth":88,"text":21342,"children":21343},"get() vs square brackets",[21344,21345],{"id":20256,"depth":109,"text":20257},{"id":19618,"depth":109,"text":10628},{"id":20455,"depth":88,"text":20456},{"id":20668,"depth":88,"text":20669,"children":21348},[21349,21351,21353],{"id":20677,"depth":109,"text":21350},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":20763,"depth":109,"text":21352},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":20853,"depth":109,"text":21354},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":21357},[21358,21360,21362,21364],{"id":21254,"depth":109,"text":21359},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21268,"depth":109,"text":21361},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21277,"depth":109,"text":21363},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21288,"depth":109,"text":21365},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19536,"description":21367},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21374,"title":21375,"body":21376,"description":23933,"extension":1853,"meta":23934,"navigation":112,"path":23935,"seo":23936,"stem":23937,"__hash__":23938},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21377,"toc":23899},[21378,21383,21389,21395,21397,21479,21483,21500,21505,21510,21515,21517,21531,21533,21596,21600,21640,21648,21650,21652,21667,21670,21683,21685,21764,21768,21834,21836,21840,21848,21850,21861,21863,21973,21977,22056,22062,22068,22073,22186,22190,22222,22225,22332,22338,22345,22349,22352,22455,22459,22520,22523,22526,22537,22546,22549,22566,22568,22667,22671,22746,22749,22772,22777,22782,22799,22801,22922,22926,22960,22962,22967,22974,22984,22986,23064,23067,23138,23148,23151,23183,23186,23225,23231,23238,23241,23332,23336,23417,23423,23426,23429,23534,23537,23540,23662,23666,23669,23736,23740,23777,23783,23785,23791,23796,23802,23809,23815,23818,23857,23863,23866,23868,23896],[10,21379,11207,21381,18],{"id":21380},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,21382,16948],{},[20,21384,1870,21385,21388],{},[15,21386,21387],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,21390,21391,21392,21394],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,21393,16948],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[39,21396,42],{"id":41},[44,21398,21400],{"className":46,"code":21399,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,21401,21402,21438,21442,21465],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,21403,21404,21406,21408,21410,21412,21414,21416,21418,21420,21422,21424,21426,21428,21430,21432,21434,21436],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,21405,13083],{"class":59},[53,21407,31],{"class":63},[53,21409,10379],{"class":66},[53,21411,229],{"class":228},[53,21413,1710],{"class":232},[53,21415,229],{"class":228},[53,21417,192],{"class":66},[53,21419,240],{"class":228},[53,21421,12765],{"class":232},[53,21423,229],{"class":228},[53,21425,74],{"class":66},[53,21427,240],{"class":228},[53,21429,9187],{"class":232},[53,21431,229],{"class":228},[53,21433,192],{"class":66},[53,21435,9194],{"class":70},[53,21437,9197],{"class":66},[53,21439,21440],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,21441,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,21443,21444,21446,21449,21451,21454,21456,21458,21460,21462],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,21445,5843],{"class":3764},[53,21447,21448],{"class":59}," key",[53,21450,74],{"class":66},[53,21452,21453],{"class":59}," value ",[53,21455,3771],{"class":3764},[53,21457,13126],{"class":59},[53,21459,99],{"class":66},[53,21461,7696],{"class":102},[53,21463,21464],{"class":66},"():\n",[53,21466,21467,21469,21471,21473,21475,21477],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,21468,7954],{"class":144},[53,21470,127],{"class":66},[53,21472,14714],{"class":102},[53,21474,74],{"class":66},[53,21476,8319],{"class":102},[53,21478,133],{"class":66},[20,21480,21481],{},[34,21482,301],{},[44,21484,21486],{"className":46,"code":21485,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,21487,21488,21493],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,21489,21490],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,21491,21492],{"class":59},"name Ana\n",[53,21494,21495,21498],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,21496,21497],{"class":59},"age ",[53,21499,2594],{"class":70},[20,21501,174,21502,21504],{},[15,21503,16948],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[39,21506,184,21508,187],{"id":21507},"what-items-does",[15,21509,16948],{},[20,21511,21512,21514],{},[15,21513,16948],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,21516,11347],{},[194,21518,21519,21525,21528],{},[197,21520,21521,21522],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21523,21524],{},"(key, value)",[197,21526,21527],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[197,21529,21530],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,21532,211],{},[44,21534,21536],{"className":46,"code":21535,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21537,21538,21574,21578],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,21539,21540,21542,21544,21546,21548,21550,21552,21554,21556,21558,21560,21562,21564,21566,21568,21570,21572],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,21541,13083],{"class":59},[53,21543,31],{"class":63},[53,21545,10379],{"class":66},[53,21547,229],{"class":228},[53,21549,1710],{"class":232},[53,21551,229],{"class":228},[53,21553,192],{"class":66},[53,21555,240],{"class":228},[53,21557,12765],{"class":232},[53,21559,229],{"class":228},[53,21561,74],{"class":66},[53,21563,240],{"class":228},[53,21565,9187],{"class":232},[53,21567,229],{"class":228},[53,21569,192],{"class":66},[53,21571,9194],{"class":70},[53,21573,9197],{"class":66},[53,21575,21576],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,21577,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,21579,21580,21582,21584,21586,21588,21590,21592,21594],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,21581,145],{"class":144},[53,21583,127],{"class":66},[53,21585,7979],{"class":1704},[53,21587,127],{"class":66},[53,21589,17177],{"class":102},[53,21591,99],{"class":66},[53,21593,7696],{"class":102},[53,21595,6176],{"class":66},[20,21597,21598],{},[34,21599,301],{},[44,21601,21603],{"className":46,"code":21602,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,21604,21605],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,21606,21607,21610,21612,21614,21616,21618,21620,21622,21624,21626,21628,21630,21632,21634,21636,21638],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,21608,21609],{"class":66},"[(",[53,21611,314],{"class":228},[53,21613,1710],{"class":232},[53,21615,314],{"class":228},[53,21617,74],{"class":66},[53,21619,323],{"class":228},[53,21621,12765],{"class":232},[53,21623,314],{"class":228},[53,21625,9121],{"class":66},[53,21627,9124],{"class":66},[53,21629,314],{"class":228},[53,21631,9187],{"class":232},[53,21633,314],{"class":228},[53,21635,74],{"class":66},[53,21637,9194],{"class":70},[53,21639,9137],{"class":66},[20,21641,21642,21643,2765,21645,99],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[758,21644,9043],{"href":12907},[758,21646,14895],{"href":21647},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[39,21649,372],{"id":371},[20,21651,5318],{},[44,21653,21655],{"className":46,"code":21654,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,21656,21657],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,21658,21659,21661,21663,21665],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,21660,11338],{"class":59},[53,21662,99],{"class":66},[53,21664,7696],{"class":102},[53,21666,106],{"class":66},[20,21668,21669],{},"Things to remember:",[194,21671,21672,21677,21680],{},[197,21673,21674,21676],{},[15,21675,16948],{}," does not take any arguments",[197,21678,21679],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[197,21681,21682],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,21684,211],{},[44,21686,21688],{"className":46,"code":21687,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,21689,21690,21722,21726,21740,21744,21754],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,21691,21692,21694,21696,21698,21700,21702,21704,21706,21708,21710,21712,21714,21716,21718,21720],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,21693,1181],{"class":59},[53,21695,31],{"class":63},[53,21697,10379],{"class":66},[53,21699,229],{"class":228},[53,21701,1679],{"class":232},[53,21703,229],{"class":228},[53,21705,192],{"class":66},[53,21707,19766],{"class":70},[53,21709,74],{"class":66},[53,21711,240],{"class":228},[53,21713,4897],{"class":232},[53,21715,229],{"class":228},[53,21717,192],{"class":66},[53,21719,13386],{"class":70},[53,21721,9197],{"class":66},[53,21723,21724],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,21725,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,21727,21728,21730,21732,21734,21736,21738],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,21729,2117],{"class":59},[53,21731,31],{"class":63},[53,21733,1210],{"class":59},[53,21735,99],{"class":66},[53,21737,7696],{"class":102},[53,21739,106],{"class":66},[53,21741,21742],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,21743,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,21745,21746,21748,21750,21752],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,21747,145],{"class":144},[53,21749,127],{"class":66},[53,21751,2152],{"class":102},[53,21753,133],{"class":66},[53,21755,21756,21758,21760,21762],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,21757,145],{"class":144},[53,21759,127],{"class":66},[53,21761,1225],{"class":102},[53,21763,133],{"class":66},[20,21765,21766],{},[34,21767,301],{},[44,21769,21771],{"className":46,"code":21770,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,21772,21773,21806],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,21774,21775,21778,21780,21782,21784,21786,21788,21790,21792,21794,21796,21798,21800,21802,21804],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,21776,21777],{"class":102},"dict_items",[53,21779,9546],{"class":66},[53,21781,314],{"class":228},[53,21783,1679],{"class":232},[53,21785,314],{"class":228},[53,21787,74],{"class":66},[53,21789,19766],{"class":70},[53,21791,9121],{"class":66},[53,21793,9124],{"class":66},[53,21795,314],{"class":228},[53,21797,4897],{"class":232},[53,21799,314],{"class":228},[53,21801,74],{"class":66},[53,21803,13386],{"class":70},[53,21805,10567],{"class":66},[53,21807,21808,21810,21812,21814,21816,21818,21820,21822,21824,21826,21828,21830,21832],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,21809,9166],{"class":66},[53,21811,314],{"class":228},[53,21813,1679],{"class":232},[53,21815,314],{"class":228},[53,21817,192],{"class":66},[53,21819,19766],{"class":70},[53,21821,74],{"class":66},[53,21823,323],{"class":228},[53,21825,4897],{"class":232},[53,21827,314],{"class":228},[53,21829,192],{"class":66},[53,21831,13386],{"class":70},[53,21833,9197],{"class":66},[20,21835,20760],{},[39,21837,21839],{"id":21838},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,21841,21842,21844,21845,21847],{},[15,21843,16948],{}," returns a ",[15,21846,21777],{}," view object.",[20,21849,775],{},[194,21851,21852,21855,21858],{},[197,21853,21854],{},"You can loop over it",[197,21856,21857],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[197,21859,21860],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,21862,211],{},[44,21864,21866],{"className":46,"code":21865,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,21867,21868,21900,21914,21918,21932,21936,21955,21959],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,21869,21870,21872,21874,21876,21878,21880,21882,21884,21886,21888,21890,21892,21894,21896,21898],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,21871,9053],{"class":59},[53,21873,31],{"class":63},[53,21875,10379],{"class":66},[53,21877,229],{"class":228},[53,21879,2060],{"class":232},[53,21881,229],{"class":228},[53,21883,192],{"class":66},[53,21885,5382],{"class":70},[53,21887,74],{"class":66},[53,21889,240],{"class":228},[53,21891,11635],{"class":232},[53,21893,229],{"class":228},[53,21895,192],{"class":66},[53,21897,77],{"class":70},[53,21899,9197],{"class":66},[53,21901,21902,21904,21906,21908,21910,21912],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,21903,9103],{"class":59},[53,21905,31],{"class":63},[53,21907,14439],{"class":59},[53,21909,99],{"class":66},[53,21911,7696],{"class":102},[53,21913,106],{"class":66},[53,21915,21916],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,21917,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,21919,21920,21922,21924,21926,21928,21930],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,21921,145],{"class":144},[53,21923,127],{"class":66},[53,21925,7979],{"class":1704},[53,21927,127],{"class":66},[53,21929,9150],{"class":102},[53,21931,1713],{"class":66},[53,21933,21934],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,21935,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,21937,21938,21940,21942,21944,21947,21949,21951,21953],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,21939,9092],{"class":59},[53,21941,311],{"class":66},[53,21943,229],{"class":228},[53,21945,21946],{"class":232},"z",[53,21948,229],{"class":228},[53,21950,13152],{"class":66},[53,21952,13155],{"class":63},[53,21954,2463],{"class":70},[53,21956,21957],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,21958,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,21960,21961,21963,21965,21967,21969,21971],{"class":55,"line":6312},[53,21962,145],{"class":144},[53,21964,127],{"class":66},[53,21966,7979],{"class":1704},[53,21968,127],{"class":66},[53,21970,9150],{"class":102},[53,21972,1713],{"class":66},[20,21974,21975],{},[34,21976,301],{},[44,21978,21980],{"className":46,"code":21979,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,21981,21982,22012],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,21983,21984,21986,21988,21990,21992,21994,21996,21998,22000,22002,22004,22006,22008,22010],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,21985,21609],{"class":66},[53,21987,314],{"class":228},[53,21989,2060],{"class":232},[53,21991,314],{"class":228},[53,21993,74],{"class":66},[53,21995,5382],{"class":70},[53,21997,9121],{"class":66},[53,21999,9124],{"class":66},[53,22001,314],{"class":228},[53,22003,11635],{"class":232},[53,22005,314],{"class":228},[53,22007,74],{"class":66},[53,22009,77],{"class":70},[53,22011,9137],{"class":66},[53,22013,22014,22016,22018,22020,22022,22024,22026,22028,22030,22032,22034,22036,22038,22040,22042,22044,22046,22048,22050,22052,22054],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,22015,21609],{"class":66},[53,22017,314],{"class":228},[53,22019,2060],{"class":232},[53,22021,314],{"class":228},[53,22023,74],{"class":66},[53,22025,5382],{"class":70},[53,22027,9121],{"class":66},[53,22029,9124],{"class":66},[53,22031,314],{"class":228},[53,22033,11635],{"class":232},[53,22035,314],{"class":228},[53,22037,74],{"class":66},[53,22039,77],{"class":70},[53,22041,9121],{"class":66},[53,22043,9124],{"class":66},[53,22045,314],{"class":228},[53,22047,21946],{"class":232},[53,22049,314],{"class":228},[53,22051,74],{"class":66},[53,22053,82],{"class":70},[53,22055,9137],{"class":66},[20,22057,22058,22059,22061],{},"This happens because ",[15,22060,9150],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[39,22063,22065,22066],{"id":22064},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,22067,16948],{},[20,22069,22070,22071,192],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,22072,16948],{},[44,22074,22076],{"className":46,"code":22075,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,22077,22078,22131,22135,22155],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,22079,22080,22082,22084,22086,22088,22090,22092,22094,22096,22098,22100,22102,22104,22106,22108,22110,22112,22115,22117,22119,22121,22123,22125,22127,22129],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,22081,12748],{"class":59},[53,22083,31],{"class":63},[53,22085,10379],{"class":66},[53,22087,229],{"class":228},[53,22089,1710],{"class":232},[53,22091,229],{"class":228},[53,22093,192],{"class":66},[53,22095,240],{"class":228},[53,22097,7806],{"class":232},[53,22099,229],{"class":228},[53,22101,74],{"class":66},[53,22103,240],{"class":228},[53,22105,19759],{"class":232},[53,22107,229],{"class":228},[53,22109,192],{"class":66},[53,22111,240],{"class":228},[53,22113,22114],{"class":232},"A",[53,22116,229],{"class":228},[53,22118,74],{"class":66},[53,22120,240],{"class":228},[53,22122,9187],{"class":232},[53,22124,229],{"class":228},[53,22126,192],{"class":66},[53,22128,13733],{"class":70},[53,22130,9197],{"class":66},[53,22132,22133],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,22134,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,22136,22137,22139,22141,22143,22145,22147,22149,22151,22153],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,22138,5843],{"class":3764},[53,22140,21448],{"class":59},[53,22142,74],{"class":66},[53,22144,21453],{"class":59},[53,22146,3771],{"class":3764},[53,22148,12791],{"class":59},[53,22150,99],{"class":66},[53,22152,7696],{"class":102},[53,22154,21464],{"class":66},[53,22156,22157,22159,22161,22164,22166,22168,22170,22173,22176,22178,22180,22182,22184],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,22158,7954],{"class":144},[53,22160,127],{"class":66},[53,22162,22163],{"class":1954},"f",[53,22165,229],{"class":232},[53,22167,9166],{"class":70},[53,22169,14714],{"class":102},[53,22171,22172],{"class":70},"}",[53,22174,22175],{"class":232},": ",[53,22177,9166],{"class":70},[53,22179,2360],{"class":102},[53,22181,22172],{"class":70},[53,22183,229],{"class":232},[53,22185,133],{"class":66},[20,22187,22188],{},[34,22189,301],{},[44,22191,22193],{"className":46,"code":22192,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,22194,22195,22204,22213],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,22196,22197,22199,22201],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,22198,1710],{"class":59},[53,22200,192],{"class":66},[53,22202,22203],{"class":59}," Mia\n",[53,22205,22206,22208,22210],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,22207,19759],{"class":59},[53,22209,192],{"class":66},[53,22211,22212],{"class":59}," A\n",[53,22214,22215,22217,22219],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,22216,9187],{"class":59},[53,22218,192],{"class":66},[53,22220,22221],{"class":70}," 14\n",[20,22223,22224],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[44,22226,22228],{"className":46,"code":22227,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,22229,22230,22282,22286,22298],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,22231,22232,22234,22236,22238,22240,22242,22244,22246,22248,22250,22252,22254,22256,22258,22260,22262,22264,22266,22268,22270,22272,22274,22276,22278,22280],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,22233,12748],{"class":59},[53,22235,31],{"class":63},[53,22237,10379],{"class":66},[53,22239,229],{"class":228},[53,22241,1710],{"class":232},[53,22243,229],{"class":228},[53,22245,192],{"class":66},[53,22247,240],{"class":228},[53,22249,7806],{"class":232},[53,22251,229],{"class":228},[53,22253,74],{"class":66},[53,22255,240],{"class":228},[53,22257,19759],{"class":232},[53,22259,229],{"class":228},[53,22261,192],{"class":66},[53,22263,240],{"class":228},[53,22265,22114],{"class":232},[53,22267,229],{"class":228},[53,22269,74],{"class":66},[53,22271,240],{"class":228},[53,22273,9187],{"class":232},[53,22275,229],{"class":228},[53,22277,192],{"class":66},[53,22279,13733],{"class":70},[53,22281,9197],{"class":66},[53,22283,22284],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,22285,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,22287,22288,22290,22292,22294,22296],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,22289,5843],{"class":3764},[53,22291,18076],{"class":59},[53,22293,3771],{"class":3764},[53,22295,12791],{"class":59},[53,22297,6280],{"class":66},[53,22299,22300,22302,22304,22306,22308,22310,22312,22314,22316,22318,22320,22322,22324,22326,22328,22330],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,22301,7954],{"class":144},[53,22303,127],{"class":66},[53,22305,22163],{"class":1954},[53,22307,229],{"class":232},[53,22309,9166],{"class":70},[53,22311,14714],{"class":102},[53,22313,22172],{"class":70},[53,22315,22175],{"class":232},[53,22317,9166],{"class":70},[53,22319,13503],{"class":102},[53,22321,311],{"class":66},[53,22323,14714],{"class":102},[53,22325,13152],{"class":66},[53,22327,22172],{"class":70},[53,22329,229],{"class":232},[53,22331,133],{"class":66},[20,22333,6397,22334,22337],{},[15,22335,22336],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,22339,22340,22341,99],{},"For a full guide, see ",[758,22342,22344],{"href":22343},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[39,22346,22348],{"id":22347},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,22350,22351],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[44,22353,22355],{"className":46,"code":22354,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,22356,22357,22416,22420,22440,22444],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,22358,22359,22361,22363,22365,22367,22369,22371,22373,22375,22377,22379,22381,22383,22385,22387,22389,22391,22394,22396,22398,22400,22403,22405,22407,22409,22412,22414],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,22360,1025],{"class":59},[53,22362,31],{"class":63},[53,22364,10379],{"class":66},[53,22366,229],{"class":228},[53,22368,233],{"class":232},[53,22370,229],{"class":228},[53,22372,192],{"class":66},[53,22374,240],{"class":228},[53,22376,1034],{"class":232},[53,22378,229],{"class":228},[53,22380,74],{"class":66},[53,22382,240],{"class":228},[53,22384,243],{"class":232},[53,22386,229],{"class":228},[53,22388,192],{"class":66},[53,22390,240],{"class":228},[53,22392,22393],{"class":232},"yellow",[53,22395,229],{"class":228},[53,22397,74],{"class":66},[53,22399,240],{"class":228},[53,22401,22402],{"class":232},"grape",[53,22404,229],{"class":228},[53,22406,192],{"class":66},[53,22408,240],{"class":228},[53,22410,22411],{"class":232},"purple",[53,22413,229],{"class":228},[53,22415,9197],{"class":66},[53,22417,22418],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,22419,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,22421,22422,22425,22427,22430,22432,22434,22436,22438],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,22423,22424],{"class":59},"pairs_list ",[53,22426,31],{"class":63},[53,22428,22429],{"class":1704}," list",[53,22431,127],{"class":66},[53,22433,1115],{"class":102},[53,22435,99],{"class":66},[53,22437,7696],{"class":102},[53,22439,7081],{"class":66},[53,22441,22442],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,22443,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,22445,22446,22448,22450,22453],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,22447,145],{"class":144},[53,22449,127],{"class":66},[53,22451,22452],{"class":102},"pairs_list",[53,22454,133],{"class":66},[20,22456,22457],{},[34,22458,301],{},[44,22460,22462],{"className":46,"code":22461,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,22463,22464],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,22465,22466,22468,22470,22472,22474,22476,22478,22480,22482,22484,22486,22488,22490,22492,22494,22496,22498,22500,22502,22504,22506,22508,22510,22512,22514,22516,22518],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,22467,21609],{"class":66},[53,22469,314],{"class":228},[53,22471,233],{"class":232},[53,22473,314],{"class":228},[53,22475,74],{"class":66},[53,22477,323],{"class":228},[53,22479,1034],{"class":232},[53,22481,314],{"class":228},[53,22483,9121],{"class":66},[53,22485,9124],{"class":66},[53,22487,314],{"class":228},[53,22489,243],{"class":232},[53,22491,314],{"class":228},[53,22493,74],{"class":66},[53,22495,323],{"class":228},[53,22497,22393],{"class":232},[53,22499,314],{"class":228},[53,22501,9121],{"class":66},[53,22503,9124],{"class":66},[53,22505,314],{"class":228},[53,22507,22402],{"class":232},[53,22509,314],{"class":228},[53,22511,74],{"class":66},[53,22513,323],{"class":228},[53,22515,22411],{"class":232},[53,22517,314],{"class":228},[53,22519,9137],{"class":66},[20,22521,22522],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,22524,22525],{},"Use this when:",[194,22527,22528,22531,22534],{},[197,22529,22530],{},"You want clearer printed output",[197,22532,22533],{},"You need list behavior",[197,22535,22536],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[39,22538,22540,10474,22542,10474,22544],{"id":22539},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,22541,16948],{},[15,22543,16935],{},[15,22545,16941],{},[20,22547,22548],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[194,22550,22551,22556,22561],{},[197,22552,22553,22555],{},[15,22554,16948],{}," gives both key and value",[197,22557,22558,22560],{},[15,22559,16935],{}," gives only keys",[197,22562,22563,22565],{},[15,22564,16941],{}," gives only values",[20,22567,211],{},[44,22569,22571],{"className":46,"code":22570,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22572,22573,22609,22613,22631,22649],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,22574,22575,22577,22579,22581,22583,22585,22587,22589,22591,22593,22595,22597,22599,22601,22603,22605,22607],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,22576,13083],{"class":59},[53,22578,31],{"class":63},[53,22580,10379],{"class":66},[53,22582,229],{"class":228},[53,22584,1710],{"class":232},[53,22586,229],{"class":228},[53,22588,192],{"class":66},[53,22590,240],{"class":228},[53,22592,12765],{"class":232},[53,22594,229],{"class":228},[53,22596,74],{"class":66},[53,22598,240],{"class":228},[53,22600,9187],{"class":232},[53,22602,229],{"class":228},[53,22604,192],{"class":66},[53,22606,9194],{"class":70},[53,22608,9197],{"class":66},[53,22610,22611],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,22612,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,22614,22615,22617,22619,22621,22623,22625,22627,22629],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,22616,145],{"class":144},[53,22618,127],{"class":66},[53,22620,7979],{"class":1704},[53,22622,127],{"class":66},[53,22624,17177],{"class":102},[53,22626,99],{"class":66},[53,22628,16793],{"class":102},[53,22630,6176],{"class":66},[53,22632,22633,22635,22637,22639,22641,22643,22645,22647],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,22634,145],{"class":144},[53,22636,127],{"class":66},[53,22638,7979],{"class":1704},[53,22640,127],{"class":66},[53,22642,17177],{"class":102},[53,22644,99],{"class":66},[53,22646,5242],{"class":102},[53,22648,6176],{"class":66},[53,22650,22651,22653,22655,22657,22659,22661,22663,22665],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,22652,145],{"class":144},[53,22654,127],{"class":66},[53,22656,7979],{"class":1704},[53,22658,127],{"class":66},[53,22660,17177],{"class":102},[53,22662,99],{"class":66},[53,22664,7696],{"class":102},[53,22666,6176],{"class":66},[20,22668,22669],{},[34,22670,301],{},[44,22672,22674],{"className":46,"code":22673,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22675,22676,22696,22712],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,22677,22678,22680,22682,22684,22686,22688,22690,22692,22694],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,22679,311],{"class":66},[53,22681,314],{"class":228},[53,22683,1710],{"class":232},[53,22685,314],{"class":228},[53,22687,74],{"class":66},[53,22689,323],{"class":228},[53,22691,9187],{"class":232},[53,22693,314],{"class":228},[53,22695,85],{"class":66},[53,22697,22698,22700,22702,22704,22706,22708,22710],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,22699,311],{"class":66},[53,22701,314],{"class":228},[53,22703,12765],{"class":232},[53,22705,314],{"class":228},[53,22707,74],{"class":66},[53,22709,9194],{"class":70},[53,22711,85],{"class":66},[53,22713,22714,22716,22718,22720,22722,22724,22726,22728,22730,22732,22734,22736,22738,22740,22742,22744],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,22715,21609],{"class":66},[53,22717,314],{"class":228},[53,22719,1710],{"class":232},[53,22721,314],{"class":228},[53,22723,74],{"class":66},[53,22725,323],{"class":228},[53,22727,12765],{"class":232},[53,22729,314],{"class":228},[53,22731,9121],{"class":66},[53,22733,9124],{"class":66},[53,22735,314],{"class":228},[53,22737,9187],{"class":232},[53,22739,314],{"class":228},[53,22741,74],{"class":66},[53,22743,9194],{"class":70},[53,22745,9137],{"class":66},[20,22747,22748],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[194,22750,22751,22759,22767],{},[197,22752,22753,22754],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[758,22755,22757],{"href":22756},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,22758,16935],{},[197,22760,22761,22762],{},"Need just values? Use ",[758,22763,22765],{"href":22764},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,22766,16941],{},[197,22768,22769,22770],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,22771,16948],{},[39,22773,1145,22775],{"id":22774},"when-to-use-items",[15,22776,16948],{},[20,22778,22779,22781],{},[15,22780,16948],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[194,22783,22784,22787,22790,22793,22796],{},[197,22785,22786],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[197,22788,22789],{},"Building formatted output",[197,22791,22792],{},"Looping through settings and values",[197,22794,22795],{},"Showing names with scores",[197,22797,22798],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,22800,211],{},[44,22802,22804],{"className":46,"code":22803,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,22805,22806,22814,22832,22851,22863,22867,22871,22892],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,22807,22808,22810,22812],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,22809,13701],{"class":59},[53,22811,31],{"class":63},[53,22813,11382],{"class":66},[53,22815,22816,22818,22820,22822,22824,22826,22828,22830],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,22817,11387],{"class":228},[53,22819,12382],{"class":232},[53,22821,229],{"class":228},[53,22823,192],{"class":66},[53,22825,240],{"class":228},[53,22827,12391],{"class":232},[53,22829,229],{"class":228},[53,22831,11403],{"class":66},[53,22833,22834,22836,22838,22840,22842,22844,22847,22849],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,22835,11387],{"class":228},[53,22837,19991],{"class":232},[53,22839,229],{"class":228},[53,22841,192],{"class":66},[53,22843,240],{"class":228},[53,22845,22846],{"class":232},"English",[53,22848,229],{"class":228},[53,22850,11403],{"class":66},[53,22852,22853,22855,22857,22859,22861],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,22854,11387],{"class":228},[53,22856,18392],{"class":232},[53,22858,229],{"class":228},[53,22860,192],{"class":66},[53,22862,6309],{"class":3739},[53,22864,22865],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,22866,9197],{"class":66},[53,22868,22869],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,22870,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,22872,22873,22875,22878,22880,22882,22884,22886,22888,22890],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,22874,5843],{"class":3764},[53,22876,22877],{"class":59}," setting",[53,22879,74],{"class":66},[53,22881,21453],{"class":59},[53,22883,3771],{"class":3764},[53,22885,13745],{"class":59},[53,22887,99],{"class":66},[53,22889,7696],{"class":102},[53,22891,21464],{"class":66},[53,22893,22894,22896,22898,22900,22902,22904,22907,22909,22912,22914,22916,22918,22920],{"class":55,"line":6312},[53,22895,7954],{"class":144},[53,22897,127],{"class":66},[53,22899,22163],{"class":1954},[53,22901,229],{"class":232},[53,22903,9166],{"class":70},[53,22905,22906],{"class":102},"setting",[53,22908,22172],{"class":70},[53,22910,22911],{"class":232}," = ",[53,22913,9166],{"class":70},[53,22915,2360],{"class":102},[53,22917,22172],{"class":70},[53,22919,229],{"class":232},[53,22921,133],{"class":66},[20,22923,22924],{},[34,22925,301],{},[44,22927,22929],{"className":46,"code":22928,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,22930,22931,22941,22951],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,22932,22933,22936,22938],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,22934,22935],{"class":59},"theme ",[53,22937,31],{"class":63},[53,22939,22940],{"class":59}," dark\n",[53,22942,22943,22946,22948],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,22944,22945],{"class":59},"language ",[53,22947,31],{"class":63},[53,22949,22950],{"class":59}," English\n",[53,22952,22953,22956,22958],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,22954,22955],{"class":59},"notifications ",[53,22957,31],{"class":63},[53,22959,6309],{"class":3739},[39,22961,2716],{"id":2715},[20,22963,22964,22965,99],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,22966,16948],{},[1327,22968,22970,22971,22973],{"id":22969},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,22972,16948],{}," incorrectly",[20,22975,22976,22977,22979,22980,22983],{},"Each result from ",[15,22978,16948],{}," has ",[34,22981,22982],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,22985,6574],{},[44,22987,22988],{"className":46,"code":21399,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,22989,22990,23026,23030,23050],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,22991,22992,22994,22996,22998,23000,23002,23004,23006,23008,23010,23012,23014,23016,23018,23020,23022,23024],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,22993,13083],{"class":59},[53,22995,31],{"class":63},[53,22997,10379],{"class":66},[53,22999,229],{"class":228},[53,23001,1710],{"class":232},[53,23003,229],{"class":228},[53,23005,192],{"class":66},[53,23007,240],{"class":228},[53,23009,12765],{"class":232},[53,23011,229],{"class":228},[53,23013,74],{"class":66},[53,23015,240],{"class":228},[53,23017,9187],{"class":232},[53,23019,229],{"class":228},[53,23021,192],{"class":66},[53,23023,9194],{"class":70},[53,23025,9197],{"class":66},[53,23027,23028],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,23029,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,23031,23032,23034,23036,23038,23040,23042,23044,23046,23048],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,23033,5843],{"class":3764},[53,23035,21448],{"class":59},[53,23037,74],{"class":66},[53,23039,21453],{"class":59},[53,23041,3771],{"class":3764},[53,23043,13126],{"class":59},[53,23045,99],{"class":66},[53,23047,7696],{"class":102},[53,23049,21464],{"class":66},[53,23051,23052,23054,23056,23058,23060,23062],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,23053,7954],{"class":144},[53,23055,127],{"class":66},[53,23057,14714],{"class":102},[53,23059,74],{"class":66},[53,23061,8319],{"class":102},[53,23063,133],{"class":66},[20,23065,23066],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[44,23068,23070],{"className":46,"code":23069,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,23071,23072,23108,23112,23128],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,23073,23074,23076,23078,23080,23082,23084,23086,23088,23090,23092,23094,23096,23098,23100,23102,23104,23106],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,23075,13083],{"class":59},[53,23077,31],{"class":63},[53,23079,10379],{"class":66},[53,23081,229],{"class":228},[53,23083,1710],{"class":232},[53,23085,229],{"class":228},[53,23087,192],{"class":66},[53,23089,240],{"class":228},[53,23091,12765],{"class":232},[53,23093,229],{"class":228},[53,23095,74],{"class":66},[53,23097,240],{"class":228},[53,23099,9187],{"class":232},[53,23101,229],{"class":228},[53,23103,192],{"class":66},[53,23105,9194],{"class":70},[53,23107,9197],{"class":66},[53,23109,23110],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,23111,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,23113,23114,23116,23118,23120,23122,23124,23126],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,23115,5843],{"class":3764},[53,23117,18076],{"class":59},[53,23119,3771],{"class":3764},[53,23121,13126],{"class":59},[53,23123,99],{"class":66},[53,23125,7696],{"class":102},[53,23127,21464],{"class":66},[53,23129,23130,23132,23134,23136],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,23131,7954],{"class":144},[53,23133,127],{"class":66},[53,23135,14714],{"class":102},[53,23137,133],{"class":66},[20,23139,23140,23141,23143,23144,23147],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,23142,14714],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,23145,23146],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,23149,23150],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[44,23152,23154],{"className":46,"code":23153,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23155,23156,23172],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,23157,23158,23160,23162,23164,23166,23168,23170],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,23159,5843],{"class":3764},[53,23161,5846],{"class":59},[53,23163,3771],{"class":3764},[53,23165,13126],{"class":59},[53,23167,99],{"class":66},[53,23169,7696],{"class":102},[53,23171,21464],{"class":66},[53,23173,23174,23176,23178,23181],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,23175,7954],{"class":144},[53,23177,127],{"class":66},[53,23179,23180],{"class":102},"item",[53,23182,133],{"class":66},[20,23184,23185],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[44,23187,23189],{"className":46,"code":23188,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23190,23191,23211],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,23192,23193,23195,23197,23199,23201,23203,23205,23207,23209],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,23194,5843],{"class":3764},[53,23196,21448],{"class":59},[53,23198,74],{"class":66},[53,23200,21453],{"class":59},[53,23202,3771],{"class":3764},[53,23204,13126],{"class":59},[53,23206,99],{"class":66},[53,23208,7696],{"class":102},[53,23210,21464],{"class":66},[53,23212,23213,23215,23217,23219,23221,23223],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,23214,7954],{"class":144},[53,23216,127],{"class":66},[53,23218,14714],{"class":102},[53,23220,74],{"class":66},[53,23222,8319],{"class":102},[53,23224,133],{"class":66},[1327,23226,8339,23228,23230],{"id":23227},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,23229,16948],{}," to return a regular list",[20,23232,23233,21844,23235,23237],{},[15,23234,16948],{},[15,23236,21777],{}," object, not a list.",[20,23239,23240],{},"Check it:",[44,23242,23244],{"className":46,"code":23243,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,23245,23246,23278,23282,23296,23314],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,23247,23248,23250,23252,23254,23256,23258,23260,23262,23264,23266,23268,23270,23272,23274,23276],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,23249,11614],{"class":59},[53,23251,31],{"class":63},[53,23253,10379],{"class":66},[53,23255,229],{"class":228},[53,23257,758],{"class":232},[53,23259,229],{"class":228},[53,23261,192],{"class":66},[53,23263,5382],{"class":70},[53,23265,74],{"class":66},[53,23267,240],{"class":228},[53,23269,1376],{"class":232},[53,23271,229],{"class":228},[53,23273,192],{"class":66},[53,23275,77],{"class":70},[53,23277,9197],{"class":66},[53,23279,23280],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,23281,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,23283,23284,23286,23288,23290,23292,23294],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,23285,145],{"class":144},[53,23287,127],{"class":66},[53,23289,11338],{"class":102},[53,23291,99],{"class":66},[53,23293,7696],{"class":102},[53,23295,7081],{"class":66},[53,23297,23298,23300,23302,23304,23306,23308,23310,23312],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,23299,145],{"class":144},[53,23301,127],{"class":66},[53,23303,1705],{"class":1704},[53,23305,127],{"class":66},[53,23307,11338],{"class":102},[53,23309,99],{"class":66},[53,23311,7696],{"class":102},[53,23313,6176],{"class":66},[53,23315,23316,23318,23320,23322,23324,23326,23328,23330],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,23317,145],{"class":144},[53,23319,127],{"class":66},[53,23321,7979],{"class":1704},[53,23323,127],{"class":66},[53,23325,11338],{"class":102},[53,23327,99],{"class":66},[53,23329,7696],{"class":102},[53,23331,6176],{"class":66},[20,23333,23334],{},[34,23335,301],{},[44,23337,23339],{"className":46,"code":23338,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,23340,23341,23373,23387],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,23342,23343,23345,23347,23349,23351,23353,23355,23357,23359,23361,23363,23365,23367,23369,23371],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,23344,21777],{"class":102},[53,23346,9546],{"class":66},[53,23348,314],{"class":228},[53,23350,758],{"class":232},[53,23352,314],{"class":228},[53,23354,74],{"class":66},[53,23356,5382],{"class":70},[53,23358,9121],{"class":66},[53,23360,9124],{"class":66},[53,23362,314],{"class":228},[53,23364,1376],{"class":232},[53,23366,314],{"class":228},[53,23368,74],{"class":66},[53,23370,77],{"class":70},[53,23372,10567],{"class":66},[53,23374,23375,23377,23379,23381,23383,23385],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,23376,3178],{"class":63},[53,23378,3181],{"class":1954},[53,23380,323],{"class":228},[53,23382,21777],{"class":232},[53,23384,314],{"class":228},[53,23386,3190],{"class":63},[53,23388,23389,23391,23393,23395,23397,23399,23401,23403,23405,23407,23409,23411,23413,23415],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,23390,21609],{"class":66},[53,23392,314],{"class":228},[53,23394,758],{"class":232},[53,23396,314],{"class":228},[53,23398,74],{"class":66},[53,23400,5382],{"class":70},[53,23402,9121],{"class":66},[53,23404,9124],{"class":66},[53,23406,314],{"class":228},[53,23408,1376],{"class":232},[53,23410,314],{"class":228},[53,23412,74],{"class":66},[53,23414,77],{"class":70},[53,23416,9137],{"class":66},[1327,23418,23420,23421],{"id":23419},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,23422,16948],{},[20,23424,23425],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,23427,23428],{},"Problem example:",[44,23430,23432],{"className":46,"code":23431,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,23433,23434,23478,23482,23502,23514],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,23435,23436,23438,23440,23442,23444,23446,23448,23450,23452,23454,23456,23458,23460,23462,23464,23466,23468,23470,23472,23474,23476],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,23437,60],{"class":59},[53,23439,31],{"class":63},[53,23441,10379],{"class":66},[53,23443,229],{"class":228},[53,23445,758],{"class":232},[53,23447,229],{"class":228},[53,23449,192],{"class":66},[53,23451,5382],{"class":70},[53,23453,74],{"class":66},[53,23455,240],{"class":228},[53,23457,1376],{"class":232},[53,23459,229],{"class":228},[53,23461,192],{"class":66},[53,23463,77],{"class":70},[53,23465,74],{"class":66},[53,23467,240],{"class":228},[53,23469,9628],{"class":232},[53,23471,229],{"class":228},[53,23473,192],{"class":66},[53,23475,82],{"class":70},[53,23477,9197],{"class":66},[53,23479,23480],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,23481,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,23483,23484,23486,23488,23490,23492,23494,23496,23498,23500],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,23485,5843],{"class":3764},[53,23487,21448],{"class":59},[53,23489,74],{"class":66},[53,23491,21453],{"class":59},[53,23493,3771],{"class":3764},[53,23495,96],{"class":59},[53,23497,99],{"class":66},[53,23499,7696],{"class":102},[53,23501,21464],{"class":66},[53,23503,23504,23506,23508,23510,23512],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,23505,6285],{"class":3764},[53,23507,21453],{"class":59},[53,23509,4574],{"class":63},[53,23511,77],{"class":70},[53,23513,6280],{"class":66},[53,23515,23516,23519,23521,23523,23525,23527,23529,23531],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,23517,23518],{"class":59},"        numbers",[53,23520,311],{"class":66},[53,23522,229],{"class":228},[53,23524,18635],{"class":232},[53,23526,229],{"class":228},[53,23528,13152],{"class":66},[53,23530,13155],{"class":63},[53,23532,23533],{"class":70}," 4\n",[20,23535,23536],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,23538,23539],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[44,23541,23543],{"className":46,"code":23542,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,23544,23545,23589,23593,23618,23630,23648,23652],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,23546,23547,23549,23551,23553,23555,23557,23559,23561,23563,23565,23567,23569,23571,23573,23575,23577,23579,23581,23583,23585,23587],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,23548,60],{"class":59},[53,23550,31],{"class":63},[53,23552,10379],{"class":66},[53,23554,229],{"class":228},[53,23556,758],{"class":232},[53,23558,229],{"class":228},[53,23560,192],{"class":66},[53,23562,5382],{"class":70},[53,23564,74],{"class":66},[53,23566,240],{"class":228},[53,23568,1376],{"class":232},[53,23570,229],{"class":228},[53,23572,192],{"class":66},[53,23574,77],{"class":70},[53,23576,74],{"class":66},[53,23578,240],{"class":228},[53,23580,9628],{"class":232},[53,23582,229],{"class":228},[53,23584,192],{"class":66},[53,23586,82],{"class":70},[53,23588,9197],{"class":66},[53,23590,23591],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,23592,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,23594,23595,23597,23599,23601,23603,23605,23607,23609,23611,23613,23615],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,23596,5843],{"class":3764},[53,23598,21448],{"class":59},[53,23600,74],{"class":66},[53,23602,21453],{"class":59},[53,23604,3771],{"class":3764},[53,23606,22429],{"class":1704},[53,23608,127],{"class":66},[53,23610,150],{"class":102},[53,23612,99],{"class":66},[53,23614,7696],{"class":102},[53,23616,23617],{"class":66},"()):\n",[53,23619,23620,23622,23624,23626,23628],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,23621,6285],{"class":3764},[53,23623,21453],{"class":59},[53,23625,4574],{"class":63},[53,23627,77],{"class":70},[53,23629,6280],{"class":66},[53,23631,23632,23634,23636,23638,23640,23642,23644,23646],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,23633,23518],{"class":59},[53,23635,311],{"class":66},[53,23637,229],{"class":228},[53,23639,18635],{"class":232},[53,23641,229],{"class":228},[53,23643,13152],{"class":66},[53,23645,13155],{"class":63},[53,23647,23533],{"class":70},[53,23649,23650],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,23651,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,23653,23654,23656,23658,23660],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,23655,145],{"class":144},[53,23657,127],{"class":66},[53,23659,150],{"class":102},[53,23661,133],{"class":66},[1327,23663,23665],{"id":23664},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,23667,23668],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[44,23670,23672],{"className":46,"code":23671,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23673,23674,23706,23710,23726],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,23675,23676,23678,23680,23682,23684,23686,23688,23690,23692,23694,23696,23698,23700,23702,23704],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,23677,9053],{"class":59},[53,23679,31],{"class":63},[53,23681,10379],{"class":66},[53,23683,229],{"class":228},[53,23685,2060],{"class":232},[53,23687,229],{"class":228},[53,23689,192],{"class":66},[53,23691,5890],{"class":70},[53,23693,74],{"class":66},[53,23695,240],{"class":228},[53,23697,11635],{"class":232},[53,23699,229],{"class":228},[53,23701,192],{"class":66},[53,23703,1193],{"class":70},[53,23705,9197],{"class":66},[53,23707,23708],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,23709,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,23711,23712,23714,23716,23718,23720,23722,23724],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,23713,5843],{"class":3764},[53,23715,5846],{"class":59},[53,23717,3771],{"class":3764},[53,23719,14439],{"class":59},[53,23721,99],{"class":66},[53,23723,7696],{"class":102},[53,23725,21464],{"class":66},[53,23727,23728,23730,23732,23734],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,23729,7954],{"class":144},[53,23731,127],{"class":66},[53,23733,23180],{"class":102},[53,23735,133],{"class":66},[20,23737,23738],{},[34,23739,301],{},[44,23741,23743],{"className":46,"code":23742,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,23744,23745,23761],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,23746,23747,23749,23751,23753,23755,23757,23759],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,23748,127],{"class":66},[53,23750,314],{"class":228},[53,23752,2060],{"class":232},[53,23754,314],{"class":228},[53,23756,74],{"class":66},[53,23758,5890],{"class":70},[53,23760,133],{"class":66},[53,23762,23763,23765,23767,23769,23771,23773,23775],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,23764,127],{"class":66},[53,23766,314],{"class":228},[53,23768,11635],{"class":232},[53,23770,314],{"class":228},[53,23772,74],{"class":66},[53,23774,1193],{"class":70},[53,23776,133],{"class":66},[20,23778,23779,23780,23782],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,23781,21524],{}," pair.",[39,23784,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,23786,23788,23789,5028],{"id":23787},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,23790,16948],{},[20,23792,17290,23793,23795],{},[15,23794,21777],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[1327,23797,1729,23799,23801],{"id":23798},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,23800,16948],{}," return a list?",[20,23803,23804,23805,23808],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,23806,23807],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[1327,23810,23812,23813,1744],{"id":23811},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,23814,16948],{},[20,23816,23817],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[44,23819,23821],{"className":46,"code":23820,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23822,23823,23843],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,23824,23825,23827,23829,23831,23833,23835,23837,23839,23841],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,23826,5843],{"class":3764},[53,23828,21448],{"class":59},[53,23830,74],{"class":66},[53,23832,21453],{"class":59},[53,23834,3771],{"class":3764},[53,23836,11656],{"class":59},[53,23838,99],{"class":66},[53,23840,7696],{"class":102},[53,23842,21464],{"class":66},[53,23844,23845,23847,23849,23851,23853,23855],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,23846,7954],{"class":144},[53,23848,127],{"class":66},[53,23850,14714],{"class":102},[53,23852,74],{"class":66},[53,23854,8319],{"class":102},[53,23856,133],{"class":66},[1327,23858,1729,23860,23862],{"id":23859},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,23861,16948],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,23864,23865],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[39,23867,1788],{"id":1787},[194,23869,23870,23876,23882,23887,23891],{},[197,23871,23872],{},[758,23873,10625,23874,1316],{"href":22756},[15,23875,16935],{},[197,23877,23878],{},[758,23879,10625,23880,1316],{"href":22764},[15,23881,16941],{},[197,23883,23884],{},[758,23885,23886],{"href":22343},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[197,23888,23889],{},[758,23890,9043],{"href":12907},[197,23892,23893],{},[758,23894,23895],{"href":21647},"What is a dictionary in Python",[1817,23897,23898],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":23900},[23901,23902,23904,23905,23906,23908,23909,23911,23913,23922,23932],{"id":41,"depth":88,"text":42},{"id":21507,"depth":88,"text":23903},"What items() does",{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372},{"id":21838,"depth":88,"text":21839},{"id":22064,"depth":88,"text":23907},"Looping with items()",{"id":22347,"depth":88,"text":22348},{"id":22539,"depth":88,"text":23910},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":22774,"depth":88,"text":23912},"When to use items()",{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716,"children":23914},[23915,23917,23919,23921],{"id":22969,"depth":109,"text":23916},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23227,"depth":109,"text":23918},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23419,"depth":109,"text":23920},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23664,"depth":109,"text":23665},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":23923},[23924,23926,23928,23930],{"id":23787,"depth":109,"text":23925},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":23798,"depth":109,"text":23927},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":23811,"depth":109,"text":23929},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":23859,"depth":109,"text":23931},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21375,"description":23933},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":23940,"title":23941,"body":23942,"description":26032,"extension":1853,"meta":26033,"navigation":112,"path":22756,"seo":26034,"stem":26035,"__hash__":26036},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":23943,"toc":25998},[23944,23949,23955,23958,23969,23976,23978,24061,24065,24112,24117,24122,24127,24129,24145,24147,24246,24250,24307,24310,24312,24315,24408,24412,24475,24478,24494,24499,24501,24503,24518,24520,24531,24533,24576,24579,24623,24626,24628,24635,24638,24655,24657,24750,24754,24795,24807,24811,24814,24902,24906,24926,24929,24956,24963,24968,24972,24983,24985,25089,25093,25119,25122,25189,25194,25197,25220,25225,25229,25234,25240,25245,25247,25302,25306,25333,25340,25346,25349,25374,25380,25406,25409,25484,25490,25495,25497,25536,25554,25558,25561,25604,25607,25609,25628,25630,25635,25660,25663,25733,25736,25809,25813,25815,25876,25879,25895,25897,25902,25907,25914,25923,25929,25935,25942,25948,25952,25957,25959,25995],[10,23945,11207,23947,18],{"id":23946},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,23948,16935],{},[20,23950,23951,23952,23954],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,23953,16935],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,23956,23957],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[194,23959,23960,23963,23966],{},[197,23961,23962],{},"view the available keys",[197,23964,23965],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[197,23967,23968],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,23970,23971,23973,23974,99],{},[15,23972,16935],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,23975,16884],{},[39,23977,42],{"id":41},[44,23979,23981],{"className":46,"code":23980,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,23982,23983,24019,24033,24037,24047],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,23984,23985,23987,23989,23991,23993,23995,23997,23999,24001,24003,24005,24007,24009,24011,24013,24015,24017],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,23986,12748],{"class":59},[53,23988,31],{"class":63},[53,23990,10379],{"class":66},[53,23992,229],{"class":228},[53,23994,1710],{"class":232},[53,23996,229],{"class":228},[53,23998,192],{"class":66},[53,24000,240],{"class":228},[53,24002,12765],{"class":232},[53,24004,229],{"class":228},[53,24006,74],{"class":66},[53,24008,240],{"class":228},[53,24010,9187],{"class":232},[53,24012,229],{"class":228},[53,24014,192],{"class":66},[53,24016,1193],{"class":70},[53,24018,9197],{"class":66},[53,24020,24021,24023,24025,24027,24029,24031],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,24022,17112],{"class":59},[53,24024,31],{"class":63},[53,24026,12791],{"class":59},[53,24028,99],{"class":66},[53,24030,16793],{"class":102},[53,24032,106],{"class":66},[53,24034,24035],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,24036,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,24038,24039,24041,24043,24045],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,24040,145],{"class":144},[53,24042,127],{"class":66},[53,24044,16793],{"class":102},[53,24046,133],{"class":66},[53,24048,24049,24051,24053,24055,24057,24059],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,24050,145],{"class":144},[53,24052,127],{"class":66},[53,24054,7979],{"class":1704},[53,24056,127],{"class":66},[53,24058,16793],{"class":102},[53,24060,1713],{"class":66},[20,24062,24063],{},[34,24064,301],{},[44,24066,24068],{"className":46,"code":24067,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,24069,24070,24092],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24071,24072,24074,24076,24078,24080,24082,24084,24086,24088,24090],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24073,16884],{"class":102},[53,24075,2873],{"class":66},[53,24077,314],{"class":228},[53,24079,1710],{"class":232},[53,24081,314],{"class":228},[53,24083,74],{"class":66},[53,24085,323],{"class":228},[53,24087,9187],{"class":232},[53,24089,314],{"class":228},[53,24091,3777],{"class":66},[53,24093,24094,24096,24098,24100,24102,24104,24106,24108,24110],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,24095,311],{"class":66},[53,24097,314],{"class":228},[53,24099,1710],{"class":232},[53,24101,314],{"class":228},[53,24103,74],{"class":66},[53,24105,323],{"class":228},[53,24107,9187],{"class":232},[53,24109,314],{"class":228},[53,24111,85],{"class":66},[20,24113,174,24114,24116],{},[15,24115,16935],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[39,24118,184,24120,187],{"id":24119},"what-keys-does",[15,24121,16935],{},[20,24123,24124,24126],{},[15,24125,16935],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24128,11347],{},[194,24130,24131,24134,24137,24142],{},[197,24132,24133],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[197,24135,24136],{},"It does not need any arguments",[197,24138,17290,24139,24141],{},[15,24140,16884],{}," view object, not a list",[197,24143,24144],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,24146,211],{},[44,24148,24150],{"className":46,"code":24149,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,24151,24152,24188,24192,24206,24210,24232],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24153,24154,24156,24158,24160,24162,24164,24166,24168,24170,24172,24174,24176,24178,24180,24182,24184,24186],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24155,13083],{"class":59},[53,24157,31],{"class":63},[53,24159,10379],{"class":66},[53,24161,229],{"class":228},[53,24163,1710],{"class":232},[53,24165,229],{"class":228},[53,24167,192],{"class":66},[53,24169,240],{"class":228},[53,24171,13100],{"class":232},[53,24173,229],{"class":228},[53,24175,74],{"class":66},[53,24177,240],{"class":228},[53,24179,9187],{"class":232},[53,24181,229],{"class":228},[53,24183,192],{"class":66},[53,24185,9194],{"class":70},[53,24187,9197],{"class":66},[53,24189,24190],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,24191,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,24193,24194,24196,24198,24200,24202,24204],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,24195,145],{"class":144},[53,24197,127],{"class":66},[53,24199,17177],{"class":102},[53,24201,99],{"class":66},[53,24203,16793],{"class":102},[53,24205,7081],{"class":66},[53,24207,24208],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,24209,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,24211,24212,24214,24216,24218,24220,24222,24224,24226,24228,24230],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,24213,17177],{"class":59},[53,24215,311],{"class":66},[53,24217,229],{"class":228},[53,24219,10297],{"class":232},[53,24221,229],{"class":228},[53,24223,13152],{"class":66},[53,24225,13155],{"class":63},[53,24227,240],{"class":228},[53,24229,10304],{"class":232},[53,24231,1682],{"class":228},[53,24233,24234,24236,24238,24240,24242,24244],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,24235,145],{"class":144},[53,24237,127],{"class":66},[53,24239,17177],{"class":102},[53,24241,99],{"class":66},[53,24243,16793],{"class":102},[53,24245,7081],{"class":66},[20,24247,24248],{},[34,24249,301],{},[44,24251,24253],{"className":46,"code":24252,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,24254,24255,24277],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24256,24257,24259,24261,24263,24265,24267,24269,24271,24273,24275],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24258,16884],{"class":102},[53,24260,2873],{"class":66},[53,24262,314],{"class":228},[53,24264,1710],{"class":232},[53,24266,314],{"class":228},[53,24268,74],{"class":66},[53,24270,323],{"class":228},[53,24272,9187],{"class":232},[53,24274,314],{"class":228},[53,24276,3777],{"class":66},[53,24278,24279,24281,24283,24285,24287,24289,24291,24293,24295,24297,24299,24301,24303,24305],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,24280,16884],{"class":102},[53,24282,2873],{"class":66},[53,24284,314],{"class":228},[53,24286,1710],{"class":232},[53,24288,314],{"class":228},[53,24290,74],{"class":66},[53,24292,323],{"class":228},[53,24294,9187],{"class":232},[53,24296,314],{"class":228},[53,24298,74],{"class":66},[53,24300,323],{"class":228},[53,24302,10297],{"class":232},[53,24304,314],{"class":228},[53,24306,3777],{"class":66},[20,24308,24309],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[39,24311,5672],{"id":5671},[20,24313,24314],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[44,24316,24318],{"className":46,"code":24317,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,24319,24320,24372,24376,24390],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24321,24322,24324,24326,24328,24330,24332,24334,24336,24338,24340,24342,24344,24346,24348,24350,24352,24354,24356,24358,24360,24362,24364,24366,24368,24370],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24323,9053],{"class":59},[53,24325,31],{"class":63},[53,24327,10379],{"class":66},[53,24329,229],{"class":228},[53,24331,1710],{"class":232},[53,24333,229],{"class":228},[53,24335,192],{"class":66},[53,24337,240],{"class":228},[53,24339,12765],{"class":232},[53,24341,229],{"class":228},[53,24343,74],{"class":66},[53,24345,240],{"class":228},[53,24347,9187],{"class":232},[53,24349,229],{"class":228},[53,24351,192],{"class":66},[53,24353,1193],{"class":70},[53,24355,74],{"class":66},[53,24357,240],{"class":228},[53,24359,19759],{"class":232},[53,24361,229],{"class":228},[53,24363,192],{"class":66},[53,24365,240],{"class":228},[53,24367,22114],{"class":232},[53,24369,229],{"class":228},[53,24371,9197],{"class":66},[53,24373,24374],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,24375,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,24377,24378,24380,24382,24384,24386,24388],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,24379,145],{"class":144},[53,24381,127],{"class":66},[53,24383,9092],{"class":102},[53,24385,99],{"class":66},[53,24387,16793],{"class":102},[53,24389,7081],{"class":66},[53,24391,24392,24394,24396,24398,24400,24402,24404,24406],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,24393,145],{"class":144},[53,24395,127],{"class":66},[53,24397,7979],{"class":1704},[53,24399,127],{"class":66},[53,24401,9092],{"class":102},[53,24403,99],{"class":66},[53,24405,16793],{"class":102},[53,24407,6176],{"class":66},[20,24409,24410],{},[34,24411,301],{},[44,24413,24415],{"className":46,"code":24414,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,24416,24417,24447],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24418,24419,24421,24423,24425,24427,24429,24431,24433,24435,24437,24439,24441,24443,24445],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24420,16884],{"class":102},[53,24422,2873],{"class":66},[53,24424,314],{"class":228},[53,24426,1710],{"class":232},[53,24428,314],{"class":228},[53,24430,74],{"class":66},[53,24432,323],{"class":228},[53,24434,9187],{"class":232},[53,24436,314],{"class":228},[53,24438,74],{"class":66},[53,24440,323],{"class":228},[53,24442,19759],{"class":232},[53,24444,314],{"class":228},[53,24446,3777],{"class":66},[53,24448,24449,24451,24453,24455,24457,24459,24461,24463,24465,24467,24469,24471,24473],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,24450,311],{"class":66},[53,24452,314],{"class":228},[53,24454,1710],{"class":232},[53,24456,314],{"class":228},[53,24458,74],{"class":66},[53,24460,323],{"class":228},[53,24462,9187],{"class":232},[53,24464,314],{"class":228},[53,24466,74],{"class":66},[53,24468,323],{"class":228},[53,24470,19759],{"class":232},[53,24472,314],{"class":228},[53,24474,85],{"class":66},[20,24476,24477],{},"This shows two things:",[194,24479,24480,24488],{},[197,24481,24482,21844,24485,24487],{},[15,24483,24484],{},"data.keys()",[15,24486,16884],{}," object",[197,24489,24490,24493],{},[15,24491,24492],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,24495,9039,24496,99],{},[758,24497,24498],{"href":9279},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[39,24500,5315],{"id":5314},[20,24502,375],{},[44,24504,24506],{"className":46,"code":24505,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,24507,24508],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24509,24510,24512,24514,24516],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24511,11338],{"class":59},[53,24513,99],{"class":66},[53,24515,16793],{"class":102},[53,24517,106],{"class":66},[20,24519,21669],{},[194,24521,24522,24525,24528],{},[197,24523,24524],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[197,24526,24527],{},"It takes no parameters",[197,24529,24530],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,24532,1015],{},[44,24534,24536],{"className":46,"code":24535,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,24537,24538,24562],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24539,24540,24542,24544,24546,24548,24550,24552,24554,24556,24558,24560],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24541,12748],{"class":59},[53,24543,31],{"class":63},[53,24545,10379],{"class":66},[53,24547,229],{"class":228},[53,24549,1710],{"class":232},[53,24551,229],{"class":228},[53,24553,192],{"class":66},[53,24555,240],{"class":228},[53,24557,12765],{"class":232},[53,24559,229],{"class":228},[53,24561,9197],{"class":66},[53,24563,24564,24566,24568,24570,24572,24574],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,24565,145],{"class":144},[53,24567,127],{"class":66},[53,24569,13503],{"class":102},[53,24571,99],{"class":66},[53,24573,16793],{"class":102},[53,24575,7081],{"class":66},[20,24577,24578],{},"Incorrect:",[44,24580,24582],{"className":46,"code":24581,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,24583,24584,24608],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24585,24586,24588,24590,24592,24594,24596,24598,24600,24602,24604,24606],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24587,12748],{"class":59},[53,24589,31],{"class":63},[53,24591,10379],{"class":66},[53,24593,229],{"class":228},[53,24595,1710],{"class":232},[53,24597,229],{"class":228},[53,24599,192],{"class":66},[53,24601,240],{"class":228},[53,24603,12765],{"class":232},[53,24605,229],{"class":228},[53,24607,9197],{"class":66},[53,24609,24610,24612,24614,24616,24618,24621],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,24611,145],{"class":144},[53,24613,127],{"class":66},[53,24615,13503],{"class":102},[53,24617,99],{"class":66},[53,24619,16793],{"class":24620},"skxfh",[53,24622,133],{"class":66},[20,24624,24625],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[39,24627,998],{"id":997},[20,24629,24630,21844,24632,24634],{},[15,24631,16935],{},[15,24633,16884],{}," object.",[20,24636,24637],{},"This object:",[194,24639,24640,24643,24646,24652],{},[197,24641,24642],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[197,24644,24645],{},"can be used in a loop",[197,24647,24648,24649],{},"can be converted with ",[15,24650,24651],{},"list()",[197,24653,24654],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,24656,211],{},[44,24658,24660],{"className":46,"code":24659,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,24661,24662,24703,24707,24722,24726,24736],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24663,24664,24667,24669,24671,24673,24676,24678,24680,24682,24685,24687,24689,24691,24694,24696,24698,24701],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24665,24666],{"class":59},"car ",[53,24668,31],{"class":63},[53,24670,10379],{"class":66},[53,24672,229],{"class":228},[53,24674,24675],{"class":232},"brand",[53,24677,229],{"class":228},[53,24679,192],{"class":66},[53,24681,240],{"class":228},[53,24683,24684],{"class":232},"Toyota",[53,24686,229],{"class":228},[53,24688,74],{"class":66},[53,24690,240],{"class":228},[53,24692,24693],{"class":232},"year",[53,24695,229],{"class":228},[53,24697,192],{"class":66},[53,24699,24700],{"class":70}," 2020",[53,24702,9197],{"class":66},[53,24704,24705],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,24706,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,24708,24709,24711,24713,24716,24718,24720],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,24710,2117],{"class":59},[53,24712,31],{"class":63},[53,24714,24715],{"class":59}," car",[53,24717,99],{"class":66},[53,24719,16793],{"class":102},[53,24721,106],{"class":66},[53,24723,24724],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,24725,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,24727,24728,24730,24732,24734],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,24729,145],{"class":144},[53,24731,127],{"class":66},[53,24733,2152],{"class":102},[53,24735,133],{"class":66},[53,24737,24738,24740,24742,24744,24746,24748],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,24739,145],{"class":144},[53,24741,127],{"class":66},[53,24743,1705],{"class":1704},[53,24745,127],{"class":66},[53,24747,2152],{"class":102},[53,24749,1713],{"class":66},[20,24751,24752],{},[34,24753,301],{},[44,24755,24757],{"className":46,"code":24756,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,24758,24759,24781],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24760,24761,24763,24765,24767,24769,24771,24773,24775,24777,24779],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24762,16884],{"class":102},[53,24764,2873],{"class":66},[53,24766,314],{"class":228},[53,24768,24675],{"class":232},[53,24770,314],{"class":228},[53,24772,74],{"class":66},[53,24774,323],{"class":228},[53,24776,24693],{"class":232},[53,24778,314],{"class":228},[53,24780,3777],{"class":66},[53,24782,24783,24785,24787,24789,24791,24793],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,24784,3178],{"class":63},[53,24786,3181],{"class":1954},[53,24788,323],{"class":228},[53,24790,16884],{"class":232},[53,24792,314],{"class":228},[53,24794,3190],{"class":63},[20,24796,24797,24798,24802,24803,99],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[758,24799,10625,24800,1316],{"href":16938},[15,24801,16941],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[758,24804,10625,24805,1316],{"href":16945},[15,24806,16948],{},[39,24808,24810],{"id":24809},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,24812,24813],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[44,24815,24817],{"className":46,"code":24816,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24818,24819,24872,24876,24892],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24820,24821,24823,24825,24827,24829,24831,24833,24835,24837,24839,24841,24843,24845,24847,24849,24851,24853,24855,24857,24859,24861,24863,24865,24868,24870],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24822,12748],{"class":59},[53,24824,31],{"class":63},[53,24826,10379],{"class":66},[53,24828,229],{"class":228},[53,24830,1710],{"class":232},[53,24832,229],{"class":228},[53,24834,192],{"class":66},[53,24836,240],{"class":228},[53,24838,12765],{"class":232},[53,24840,229],{"class":228},[53,24842,74],{"class":66},[53,24844,240],{"class":228},[53,24846,9187],{"class":232},[53,24848,229],{"class":228},[53,24850,192],{"class":66},[53,24852,1193],{"class":70},[53,24854,74],{"class":66},[53,24856,240],{"class":228},[53,24858,15199],{"class":232},[53,24860,229],{"class":228},[53,24862,192],{"class":66},[53,24864,240],{"class":228},[53,24866,24867],{"class":232},"Math",[53,24869,229],{"class":228},[53,24871,9197],{"class":66},[53,24873,24874],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,24875,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,24877,24878,24880,24882,24884,24886,24888,24890],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,24879,5843],{"class":3764},[53,24881,18076],{"class":59},[53,24883,3771],{"class":3764},[53,24885,12791],{"class":59},[53,24887,99],{"class":66},[53,24889,16793],{"class":102},[53,24891,21464],{"class":66},[53,24893,24894,24896,24898,24900],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,24895,7954],{"class":144},[53,24897,127],{"class":66},[53,24899,14714],{"class":102},[53,24901,133],{"class":66},[20,24903,24904],{},[34,24905,301],{},[44,24907,24909],{"className":46,"code":24908,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,24910,24911,24916,24921],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24912,24913],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24914,24915],{"class":59},"name\n",[53,24917,24918],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,24919,24920],{"class":59},"age\n",[53,24922,24923],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,24924,24925],{"class":59},"course\n",[20,24927,24928],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[44,24930,24932],{"className":46,"code":24931,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,24933,24934,24946],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24935,24936,24938,24940,24942,24944],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24937,5843],{"class":3764},[53,24939,18076],{"class":59},[53,24941,3771],{"class":3764},[53,24943,12791],{"class":59},[53,24945,6280],{"class":66},[53,24947,24948,24950,24952,24954],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,24949,7954],{"class":144},[53,24951,127],{"class":66},[53,24953,14714],{"class":102},[53,24955,133],{"class":66},[20,24957,24958,24959,24962],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,24960,24961],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[39,24964,1145,24966],{"id":24965},"when-to-use-keys",[15,24967,16935],{},[20,24969,174,24970,1152],{},[15,24971,16935],{},[194,24973,24974,24977,24980],{},[197,24975,24976],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[197,24978,24979],{},"you want to display available fields",[197,24981,24982],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,24984,211],{},[44,24986,24988],{"className":46,"code":24987,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24989,24990,25043,25047,25062,25079],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24991,24992,24995,24997,24999,25001,25003,25005,25007,25009,25012,25014,25016,25018,25021,25023,25025,25028,25030,25032,25035,25037,25039,25041],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24993,24994],{"class":59},"product ",[53,24996,31],{"class":63},[53,24998,10379],{"class":66},[53,25000,229],{"class":228},[53,25002,1710],{"class":232},[53,25004,229],{"class":228},[53,25006,192],{"class":66},[53,25008,240],{"class":228},[53,25010,25011],{"class":232},"Book",[53,25013,229],{"class":228},[53,25015,74],{"class":66},[53,25017,240],{"class":228},[53,25019,25020],{"class":232},"price",[53,25022,229],{"class":228},[53,25024,192],{"class":66},[53,25026,25027],{"class":70}," 12.99",[53,25029,74],{"class":66},[53,25031,240],{"class":228},[53,25033,25034],{"class":232},"stock",[53,25036,229],{"class":228},[53,25038,192],{"class":66},[53,25040,4491],{"class":70},[53,25042,9197],{"class":66},[53,25044,25045],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,25046,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,25048,25049,25051,25053,25055,25058,25060],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,25050,145],{"class":144},[53,25052,127],{"class":66},[53,25054,229],{"class":228},[53,25056,25057],{"class":232},"Available fields:",[53,25059,229],{"class":228},[53,25061,133],{"class":66},[53,25063,25064,25066,25068,25070,25073,25075,25077],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,25065,5843],{"class":3764},[53,25067,18076],{"class":59},[53,25069,3771],{"class":3764},[53,25071,25072],{"class":59}," product",[53,25074,99],{"class":66},[53,25076,16793],{"class":102},[53,25078,21464],{"class":66},[53,25080,25081,25083,25085,25087],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,25082,7954],{"class":144},[53,25084,127],{"class":66},[53,25086,14714],{"class":102},[53,25088,133],{"class":66},[20,25090,25091],{},[34,25092,301],{},[44,25094,25096],{"className":46,"code":25095,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,25097,25098,25105,25109,25114],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,25099,25100,25103],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,25101,25102],{"class":59},"Available fields",[53,25104,6280],{"class":66},[53,25106,25107],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,25108,24915],{"class":59},[53,25110,25111],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,25112,25113],{"class":59},"price\n",[53,25115,25116],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,25117,25118],{"class":59},"stock\n",[20,25120,25121],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[44,25123,25125],{"className":46,"code":25124,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,25126,25127,25163,25167],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,25128,25129,25131,25133,25135,25137,25139,25141,25143,25145,25147,25149,25151,25153,25155,25157,25159,25161],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,25130,24994],{"class":59},[53,25132,31],{"class":63},[53,25134,10379],{"class":66},[53,25136,229],{"class":228},[53,25138,1710],{"class":232},[53,25140,229],{"class":228},[53,25142,192],{"class":66},[53,25144,240],{"class":228},[53,25146,25011],{"class":232},[53,25148,229],{"class":228},[53,25150,74],{"class":66},[53,25152,240],{"class":228},[53,25154,25020],{"class":232},[53,25156,229],{"class":228},[53,25158,192],{"class":66},[53,25160,25027],{"class":70},[53,25162,9197],{"class":66},[53,25164,25165],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,25166,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,25168,25169,25171,25173,25175,25177,25179,25181,25183,25185,25187],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,25170,145],{"class":144},[53,25172,127],{"class":66},[53,25174,229],{"class":228},[53,25176,1710],{"class":232},[53,25178,229],{"class":228},[53,25180,21042],{"class":3764},[53,25182,25072],{"class":102},[53,25184,99],{"class":66},[53,25186,16793],{"class":102},[53,25188,7081],{"class":66},[20,25190,25191,25192,99],{},"This works and returns ",[15,25193,3492],{},[20,25195,25196],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[44,25198,25200],{"className":46,"code":25199,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,25201,25202],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,25203,25204,25206,25208,25210,25212,25214,25216,25218],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,25205,145],{"class":144},[53,25207,127],{"class":66},[53,25209,229],{"class":228},[53,25211,1710],{"class":232},[53,25213,229],{"class":228},[53,25215,21042],{"class":3764},[53,25217,25072],{"class":102},[53,25219,133],{"class":66},[20,25221,25222,25223,99],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[758,25224,21075],{"href":17023},[39,25226,25228],{"id":25227},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,25230,25231,25232,99],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,25233,16935],{},[1327,25235,8339,25237,25239],{"id":25236},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,25238,16935],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,25241,25242,25244],{},[15,25243,16935],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,25246,211],{},[44,25248,25250],{"className":46,"code":25249,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,25251,25252,25288],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,25253,25254,25256,25258,25260,25262,25264,25266,25268,25270,25272,25274,25276,25278,25280,25282,25284,25286],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,25255,9053],{"class":59},[53,25257,31],{"class":63},[53,25259,10379],{"class":66},[53,25261,229],{"class":228},[53,25263,1710],{"class":232},[53,25265,229],{"class":228},[53,25267,192],{"class":66},[53,25269,240],{"class":228},[53,25271,12765],{"class":232},[53,25273,229],{"class":228},[53,25275,74],{"class":66},[53,25277,240],{"class":228},[53,25279,9187],{"class":232},[53,25281,229],{"class":228},[53,25283,192],{"class":66},[53,25285,1193],{"class":70},[53,25287,9197],{"class":66},[53,25289,25290,25292,25294,25296,25298,25300],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,25291,145],{"class":144},[53,25293,127],{"class":66},[53,25295,9092],{"class":102},[53,25297,99],{"class":66},[53,25299,16793],{"class":102},[53,25301,7081],{"class":66},[20,25303,25304],{},[34,25305,301],{},[44,25307,25309],{"className":46,"code":25308,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,25310,25311],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,25312,25313,25315,25317,25319,25321,25323,25325,25327,25329,25331],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,25314,16884],{"class":102},[53,25316,2873],{"class":66},[53,25318,314],{"class":228},[53,25320,1710],{"class":232},[53,25322,314],{"class":228},[53,25324,74],{"class":66},[53,25326,323],{"class":228},[53,25328,9187],{"class":232},[53,25330,314],{"class":228},[53,25332,3777],{"class":66},[20,25334,25335,25336,99],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[758,25337,25338],{"href":16945},[15,25339,16948],{},[1327,25341,25343,25344],{"id":25342},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,25345,16884],{},[20,25347,25348],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[44,25350,25352],{"className":46,"code":25351,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,25353,25354],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,25355,25356,25358,25360,25362,25364,25366,25368,25370,25372],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,25357,311],{"class":66},[53,25359,314],{"class":228},[53,25361,1710],{"class":232},[53,25363,314],{"class":228},[53,25365,74],{"class":66},[53,25367,323],{"class":228},[53,25369,9187],{"class":232},[53,25371,314],{"class":228},[53,25373,85],{"class":66},[20,25375,25376,25377,25379],{},"But ",[15,25378,16935],{}," returns:",[44,25381,25382],{"className":46,"code":25308,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,25383,25384],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,25385,25386,25388,25390,25392,25394,25396,25398,25400,25402,25404],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,25387,16884],{"class":102},[53,25389,2873],{"class":66},[53,25391,314],{"class":228},[53,25393,1710],{"class":232},[53,25395,314],{"class":228},[53,25397,74],{"class":66},[53,25399,323],{"class":228},[53,25401,9187],{"class":232},[53,25403,314],{"class":228},[53,25405,3777],{"class":66},[20,25407,25408],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[44,25410,25412],{"className":46,"code":25411,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,25413,25414,25450,25469,25473],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,25415,25416,25418,25420,25422,25424,25426,25428,25430,25432,25434,25436,25438,25440,25442,25444,25446,25448],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,25417,9053],{"class":59},[53,25419,31],{"class":63},[53,25421,10379],{"class":66},[53,25423,229],{"class":228},[53,25425,1710],{"class":232},[53,25427,229],{"class":228},[53,25429,192],{"class":66},[53,25431,240],{"class":228},[53,25433,12765],{"class":232},[53,25435,229],{"class":228},[53,25437,74],{"class":66},[53,25439,240],{"class":228},[53,25441,9187],{"class":232},[53,25443,229],{"class":228},[53,25445,192],{"class":66},[53,25447,1193],{"class":70},[53,25449,9197],{"class":66},[53,25451,25452,25455,25457,25459,25461,25463,25465,25467],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,25453,25454],{"class":59},"key_list ",[53,25456,31],{"class":63},[53,25458,22429],{"class":1704},[53,25460,127],{"class":66},[53,25462,9092],{"class":102},[53,25464,99],{"class":66},[53,25466,16793],{"class":102},[53,25468,7081],{"class":66},[53,25470,25471],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,25472,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,25474,25475,25477,25479,25482],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,25476,145],{"class":144},[53,25478,127],{"class":66},[53,25480,25481],{"class":102},"key_list",[53,25483,133],{"class":66},[1327,25485,1654,25487,25489],{"id":25486},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string",[15,25488,16935],{}," on a list or string",[20,25491,25492,25494],{},[15,25493,16935],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,25496,2723],{},[44,25498,25500],{"className":46,"code":25499,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,25501,25502,25522],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,25503,25504,25506,25508,25510,25512,25514,25516,25518,25520],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,25505,60],{"class":59},[53,25507,31],{"class":63},[53,25509,67],{"class":66},[53,25511,71],{"class":70},[53,25513,74],{"class":66},[53,25515,77],{"class":70},[53,25517,74],{"class":66},[53,25519,82],{"class":70},[53,25521,85],{"class":66},[53,25523,25524,25526,25528,25530,25532,25534],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,25525,145],{"class":144},[53,25527,127],{"class":66},[53,25529,150],{"class":102},[53,25531,99],{"class":66},[53,25533,16793],{"class":102},[53,25535,7081],{"class":66},[20,25537,25538,25539,25542,25543,25545,25546,99],{},"You may get an ",[15,25540,25541],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,25544,16935],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[758,25547,25549,25550,25553],{"href":25548},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,25551,25552],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[1327,25555,25557],{"id":25556},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,25559,25560],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[44,25562,25564],{"className":46,"code":25563,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,25565,25566,25590],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,25567,25568,25570,25572,25574,25576,25578,25580,25582,25584,25586,25588],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,25569,9053],{"class":59},[53,25571,31],{"class":63},[53,25573,10379],{"class":66},[53,25575,229],{"class":228},[53,25577,1710],{"class":232},[53,25579,229],{"class":228},[53,25581,192],{"class":66},[53,25583,240],{"class":228},[53,25585,12765],{"class":232},[53,25587,229],{"class":228},[53,25589,9197],{"class":66},[53,25591,25592,25594,25596,25598,25600,25602],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,25593,145],{"class":144},[53,25595,127],{"class":66},[53,25597,9092],{"class":102},[53,25599,99],{"class":66},[53,25601,16793],{"class":24620},[53,25603,133],{"class":66},[20,25605,25606],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,25608,18562],{},[44,25610,25612],{"className":46,"code":25611,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,25613,25614],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,25615,25616,25618,25620,25622,25624,25626],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,25617,145],{"class":144},[53,25619,127],{"class":66},[53,25621,9092],{"class":102},[53,25623,99],{"class":66},[53,25625,16793],{"class":102},[53,25627,7081],{"class":66},[39,25629,2716],{"id":2715},[20,25631,25632,25633,192],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,25634,16935],{},[194,25636,25637,25642,25648,25654],{},[197,25638,485,25639,25641],{},[15,25640,16935],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[197,25643,25644,25645,25647],{},"Thinking ",[15,25646,16935],{}," returns values too",[197,25649,25650,25651,25653],{},"Trying to index ",[15,25652,16884],{}," like a normal list",[197,25655,25656,25657,25659],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,25658,16884],{}," to a list when needed",[20,25661,25662],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[44,25664,25666],{"className":46,"code":25665,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,25667,25668,25700,25714,25718,25728],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,25669,25670,25672,25674,25676,25678,25680,25682,25684,25686,25688,25690,25692,25694,25696,25698],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,25671,9053],{"class":59},[53,25673,31],{"class":63},[53,25675,10379],{"class":66},[53,25677,229],{"class":228},[53,25679,758],{"class":232},[53,25681,229],{"class":228},[53,25683,192],{"class":66},[53,25685,5382],{"class":70},[53,25687,74],{"class":66},[53,25689,240],{"class":228},[53,25691,1376],{"class":232},[53,25693,229],{"class":228},[53,25695,192],{"class":66},[53,25697,77],{"class":70},[53,25699,9197],{"class":66},[53,25701,25702,25704,25706,25708,25710,25712],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,25703,17112],{"class":59},[53,25705,31],{"class":63},[53,25707,14439],{"class":59},[53,25709,99],{"class":66},[53,25711,16793],{"class":102},[53,25713,106],{"class":66},[53,25715,25716],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,25717,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,25719,25720,25722,25724,25726],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,25721,145],{"class":144},[53,25723,127],{"class":66},[53,25725,16793],{"class":102},[53,25727,133],{"class":66},[53,25729,25730],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,25731,25732],{"class":156},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,25734,25735],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[44,25737,25739],{"className":46,"code":25738,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,25740,25741,25773,25791,25795],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,25742,25743,25745,25747,25749,25751,25753,25755,25757,25759,25761,25763,25765,25767,25769,25771],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,25744,9053],{"class":59},[53,25746,31],{"class":63},[53,25748,10379],{"class":66},[53,25750,229],{"class":228},[53,25752,758],{"class":232},[53,25754,229],{"class":228},[53,25756,192],{"class":66},[53,25758,5382],{"class":70},[53,25760,74],{"class":66},[53,25762,240],{"class":228},[53,25764,1376],{"class":232},[53,25766,229],{"class":228},[53,25768,192],{"class":66},[53,25770,77],{"class":70},[53,25772,9197],{"class":66},[53,25774,25775,25777,25779,25781,25783,25785,25787,25789],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,25776,17112],{"class":59},[53,25778,31],{"class":63},[53,25780,22429],{"class":1704},[53,25782,127],{"class":66},[53,25784,9092],{"class":102},[53,25786,99],{"class":66},[53,25788,16793],{"class":102},[53,25790,7081],{"class":66},[53,25792,25793],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,25794,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,25796,25797,25799,25801,25803,25805,25807],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,25798,145],{"class":144},[53,25800,127],{"class":66},[53,25802,16793],{"class":102},[53,25804,311],{"class":66},[53,25806,852],{"class":70},[53,25808,3777],{"class":66},[39,25810,25812],{"id":25811},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,25814,11001],{},[44,25816,25818],{"className":46,"code":25817,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,25819,25820,25834,25844,25858],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,25821,25822,25824,25826,25828,25830,25832],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,25823,145],{"class":144},[53,25825,127],{"class":66},[53,25827,1705],{"class":1704},[53,25829,127],{"class":66},[53,25831,11338],{"class":102},[53,25833,1713],{"class":66},[53,25835,25836,25838,25840,25842],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,25837,145],{"class":144},[53,25839,127],{"class":66},[53,25841,11338],{"class":102},[53,25843,133],{"class":66},[53,25845,25846,25848,25850,25852,25854,25856],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,25847,145],{"class":144},[53,25849,127],{"class":66},[53,25851,11338],{"class":102},[53,25853,99],{"class":66},[53,25855,16793],{"class":102},[53,25857,7081],{"class":66},[53,25859,25860,25862,25864,25866,25868,25870,25872,25874],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,25861,145],{"class":144},[53,25863,127],{"class":66},[53,25865,7979],{"class":1704},[53,25867,127],{"class":66},[53,25869,11338],{"class":102},[53,25871,99],{"class":66},[53,25873,16793],{"class":102},[53,25875,6176],{"class":66},[20,25877,25878],{},"These help you confirm:",[194,25880,25881,25884,25887,25892],{},[197,25882,25883],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[197,25885,25886],{},"what data it contains",[197,25888,25889,25890,11595],{},"what ",[15,25891,16935],{},[197,25893,25894],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[39,25896,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,25898,23788,25900,5028],{"id":25899},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,25901,16935],{},[20,25903,17290,25904,25906],{},[15,25905,16884],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[1327,25908,1756,25910,25913],{"id":25909},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,25911,25912],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,25915,25916,25917,25919,25920,99],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,25918,16884],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,25921,25922],{},"list(dict.keys())",[1327,25924,25926,25927,1744],{"id":25925},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,25928,25912],{},[20,25930,25931,25932,25934],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,25933,5843],{}," loop.",[1327,25936,25938,25939,25941],{"id":25937},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,25940,16935],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,25943,25944,25945,25947],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,25946,16935],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[1327,25949,25951],{"id":25950},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,25953,174,25954,99],{},[15,25955,25956],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[39,25958,1788],{"id":1787},[194,25960,25961,25966,25972,25978,25984,25988],{},[197,25962,25963],{},[758,25964,25965],{"href":9279},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[197,25967,25968],{},[758,25969,10625,25970,1316],{"href":16938},[15,25971,16941],{},[197,25973,25974],{},[758,25975,10625,25976,1316],{"href":16945},[15,25977,16948],{},[197,25979,25980],{},[758,25981,25983],{"href":25982},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[197,25985,25986],{},[758,25987,17024],{"href":17023},[197,25989,25990],{},[758,25991,25992,25993,25553],{"href":25548},"How to fix ",[15,25994,25552],{},[1817,25996,25997],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":25999},[26000,26001,26003,26004,26005,26006,26007,26009,26018,26019,26020,26031],{"id":41,"depth":88,"text":42},{"id":24119,"depth":88,"text":26002},"What keys() does",{"id":5671,"depth":88,"text":5672},{"id":5314,"depth":88,"text":5315},{"id":997,"depth":88,"text":998},{"id":24809,"depth":88,"text":24810},{"id":24965,"depth":88,"text":26008},"When to use keys()",{"id":25227,"depth":88,"text":25228,"children":26010},[26011,26013,26015,26017],{"id":25236,"depth":109,"text":26012},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25342,"depth":109,"text":26014},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25486,"depth":109,"text":26016},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25556,"depth":109,"text":25557},{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716},{"id":25811,"depth":88,"text":25812},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":26021},[26022,26024,26026,26028,26030],{"id":25899,"depth":109,"text":26023},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":25909,"depth":109,"text":26025},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":25925,"depth":109,"text":26027},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":25937,"depth":109,"text":26029},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":25950,"depth":109,"text":25951},{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":23941,"description":26032},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":26038,"title":26039,"body":26040,"description":28313,"extension":1853,"meta":28314,"navigation":112,"path":28315,"seo":28316,"stem":28317,"__hash__":28318},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26041,"toc":28266},[26042,26047,26052,26055,26057,26203,26216,26221,26225,26239,26241,26344,26353,26355,26358,26396,26421,26423,26530,26532,26539,26542,26550,26552,26693,26701,26706,26710,26721,26723,26885,26888,26896,26903,26909,27006,27012,27089,27092,27104,27109,27115,27118,27122,27211,27214,27218,27322,27329,27416,27425,27427,27432,27438,27441,27487,27490,27556,27565,27571,27664,27670,27676,27719,27722,27787,27793,27885,27888,27892,27898,27923,27926,28022,28029,28031,28036,28127,28129,28157,28162,28164,28171,28174,28178,28188,28193,28196,28203,28213,28220,28228,28230,28263],[10,26043,11207,26045,18],{"id":26044},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,26046,12650],{},[20,26048,26049,26051],{},[15,26050,12457],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,26053,26054],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[39,26056,3497],{"id":3496},[44,26058,26060],{"className":46,"code":26059,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,26061,26062,26098,26122,26136,26149,26153,26158,26190],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,26063,26064,26066,26068,26070,26072,26074,26076,26078,26080,26082,26084,26086,26088,26090,26092,26094,26096],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,26065,13083],{"class":59},[53,26067,31],{"class":63},[53,26069,10379],{"class":66},[53,26071,229],{"class":228},[53,26073,1710],{"class":232},[53,26075,229],{"class":228},[53,26077,192],{"class":66},[53,26079,240],{"class":228},[53,26081,12765],{"class":232},[53,26083,229],{"class":228},[53,26085,74],{"class":66},[53,26087,240],{"class":228},[53,26089,9187],{"class":232},[53,26091,229],{"class":228},[53,26093,192],{"class":66},[53,26095,9194],{"class":70},[53,26097,9197],{"class":66},[53,26099,26100,26103,26105,26107,26109,26112,26114,26116,26118,26120],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,26101,26102],{"class":59},"removed_age ",[53,26104,31],{"class":63},[53,26106,13126],{"class":59},[53,26108,99],{"class":66},[53,26110,26111],{"class":102},"pop",[53,26113,127],{"class":66},[53,26115,229],{"class":228},[53,26117,9187],{"class":232},[53,26119,229],{"class":228},[53,26121,133],{"class":66},[53,26123,26124,26126,26128,26131,26133],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,26125,145],{"class":144},[53,26127,127],{"class":66},[53,26129,26130],{"class":102},"removed_age",[53,26132,153],{"class":66},[53,26134,26135],{"class":156},"   # 25\n",[53,26137,26138,26140,26142,26144,26146],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,26139,145],{"class":144},[53,26141,127],{"class":66},[53,26143,17177],{"class":102},[53,26145,153],{"class":66},[53,26147,26148],{"class":156},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[53,26150,26151],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,26152,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,26154,26155],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,26156,26157],{"class":156},"# Safe version with default value\n",[53,26159,26160,26163,26165,26167,26169,26171,26173,26175,26177,26179,26181,26183,26186,26188],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,26161,26162],{"class":59},"country ",[53,26164,31],{"class":63},[53,26166,13126],{"class":59},[53,26168,99],{"class":66},[53,26170,26111],{"class":102},[53,26172,127],{"class":66},[53,26174,229],{"class":228},[53,26176,15132],{"class":232},[53,26178,229],{"class":228},[53,26180,74],{"class":66},[53,26182,240],{"class":228},[53,26184,26185],{"class":232},"Not found",[53,26187,229],{"class":228},[53,26189,133],{"class":66},[53,26191,26192,26194,26196,26198,26200],{"class":55,"line":6312},[53,26193,145],{"class":144},[53,26195,127],{"class":66},[53,26197,15132],{"class":102},[53,26199,153],{"class":66},[53,26201,26202],{"class":156},"       # Not found\n",[20,26204,174,26205,26208,26209,26212,26213,26215],{},[15,26206,26207],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,26210,26211],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,26214,19555],{}," when the key might not exist.",[39,26217,184,26219,187],{"id":26218},"what-dictpop-does",[15,26220,12457],{},[20,26222,26223,192],{},[15,26224,12457],{},[194,26226,26227,26230,26233,26236],{},[197,26228,26229],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[197,26231,26232],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[197,26234,26235],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[197,26237,26238],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,26240,211],{},[44,26242,26244],{"className":46,"code":26243,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,26245,26246,26286,26290,26313,26317,26331],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,26247,26248,26250,26252,26254,26256,26258,26260,26262,26264,26266,26268,26270,26272,26274,26276,26278,26280,26282,26284],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,26249,11377],{"class":59},[53,26251,31],{"class":63},[53,26253,10379],{"class":66},[53,26255,229],{"class":228},[53,26257,1710],{"class":232},[53,26259,229],{"class":228},[53,26261,192],{"class":66},[53,26263,240],{"class":228},[53,26265,13100],{"class":232},[53,26267,229],{"class":228},[53,26269,74],{"class":66},[53,26271,240],{"class":228},[53,26273,10297],{"class":232},[53,26275,229],{"class":228},[53,26277,192],{"class":66},[53,26279,240],{"class":228},[53,26281,10304],{"class":232},[53,26283,229],{"class":228},[53,26285,9197],{"class":66},[53,26287,26288],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,26289,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,26291,26292,26295,26297,26299,26301,26303,26305,26307,26309,26311],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,26293,26294],{"class":59},"removed_city ",[53,26296,31],{"class":63},[53,26298,11460],{"class":59},[53,26300,99],{"class":66},[53,26302,26111],{"class":102},[53,26304,127],{"class":66},[53,26306,229],{"class":228},[53,26308,10297],{"class":232},[53,26310,229],{"class":228},[53,26312,133],{"class":66},[53,26314,26315],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,26316,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,26318,26319,26321,26323,26326,26328],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,26320,145],{"class":144},[53,26322,127],{"class":66},[53,26324,26325],{"class":102},"removed_city",[53,26327,153],{"class":66},[53,26329,26330],{"class":156},"  # Paris\n",[53,26332,26333,26335,26337,26339,26341],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,26334,145],{"class":144},[53,26336,127],{"class":66},[53,26338,11471],{"class":102},[53,26340,153],{"class":66},[53,26342,26343],{"class":156},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,26345,20639,26346,26349,26350,99],{},[15,26347,26348],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,26351,26352],{},"\"Paris\"",[39,26354,372],{"id":371},[20,26356,26357],{},"There are two common forms:",[44,26359,26361],{"className":46,"code":26360,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,26362,26363,26377],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,26364,26365,26367,26369,26371,26373,26375],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,26366,11338],{"class":59},[53,26368,99],{"class":66},[53,26370,26111],{"class":102},[53,26372,127],{"class":66},[53,26374,14714],{"class":102},[53,26376,133],{"class":66},[53,26378,26379,26381,26383,26385,26387,26389,26391,26394],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,26380,11338],{"class":59},[53,26382,99],{"class":66},[53,26384,26111],{"class":102},[53,26386,127],{"class":66},[53,26388,14714],{"class":102},[53,26390,74],{"class":66},[53,26392,26393],{"class":102}," default",[53,26395,133],{"class":66},[194,26397,26398,26404,26412,26418],{},[197,26399,26400,26403],{},[15,26401,26402],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[197,26405,26406,26408,26409,26411],{},[15,26407,26402],{}," raises ",[15,26410,19555],{}," if the key is missing",[197,26413,26414,26417],{},[15,26415,26416],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[197,26419,26420],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,26422,211],{},[44,26424,26426],{"className":46,"code":26425,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,26427,26428,26460,26464,26489,26517],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,26429,26430,26432,26434,26436,26438,26440,26442,26444,26446,26448,26450,26452,26454,26456,26458],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,26431,1181],{"class":59},[53,26433,31],{"class":63},[53,26435,10379],{"class":66},[53,26437,229],{"class":228},[53,26439,18284],{"class":232},[53,26441,229],{"class":228},[53,26443,192],{"class":66},[53,26445,19766],{"class":70},[53,26447,74],{"class":66},[53,26449,240],{"class":228},[53,26451,18293],{"class":232},[53,26453,229],{"class":228},[53,26455,192],{"class":66},[53,26457,13386],{"class":70},[53,26459,9197],{"class":66},[53,26461,26462],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,26463,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,26465,26466,26468,26470,26472,26474,26476,26478,26480,26482,26484,26486],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,26467,145],{"class":144},[53,26469,127],{"class":66},[53,26471,1225],{"class":102},[53,26473,99],{"class":66},[53,26475,26111],{"class":102},[53,26477,127],{"class":66},[53,26479,229],{"class":228},[53,26481,18284],{"class":232},[53,26483,229],{"class":228},[53,26485,5245],{"class":66},[53,26487,26488],{"class":156},"         # 90\n",[53,26490,26491,26493,26495,26497,26499,26501,26503,26505,26507,26509,26511,26513,26515],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,26492,145],{"class":144},[53,26494,127],{"class":66},[53,26496,1225],{"class":102},[53,26498,99],{"class":66},[53,26500,26111],{"class":102},[53,26502,127],{"class":66},[53,26504,229],{"class":228},[53,26506,18302],{"class":232},[53,26508,229],{"class":228},[53,26510,74],{"class":66},[53,26512,3720],{"class":70},[53,26514,5245],{"class":66},[53,26516,20636],{"class":156},[53,26518,26519,26521,26523,26525,26527],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,26520,145],{"class":144},[53,26522,127],{"class":66},[53,26524,1225],{"class":102},[53,26526,153],{"class":66},[53,26528,26529],{"class":156},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[39,26531,998],{"id":997},[20,26533,26534,32,26536,26538],{},[15,26535,12650],{},[34,26537,36],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,26540,26541],{},"Instead, it returns:",[194,26543,26544,26547],{},[197,26545,26546],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[197,26548,26549],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,26551,211],{},[44,26553,26555],{"className":46,"code":26554,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,26556,26557,26589,26593,26616,26648,26652,26666,26680],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,26558,26559,26561,26563,26565,26567,26569,26571,26573,26575,26577,26579,26581,26583,26585,26587],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,26560,9053],{"class":59},[53,26562,31],{"class":63},[53,26564,10379],{"class":66},[53,26566,229],{"class":228},[53,26568,758],{"class":232},[53,26570,229],{"class":228},[53,26572,192],{"class":66},[53,26574,5890],{"class":70},[53,26576,74],{"class":66},[53,26578,240],{"class":228},[53,26580,1376],{"class":232},[53,26582,229],{"class":228},[53,26584,192],{"class":66},[53,26586,1193],{"class":70},[53,26588,9197],{"class":66},[53,26590,26591],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,26592,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,26594,26595,26598,26600,26602,26604,26606,26608,26610,26612,26614],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,26596,26597],{"class":59},"result1 ",[53,26599,31],{"class":63},[53,26601,14439],{"class":59},[53,26603,99],{"class":66},[53,26605,26111],{"class":102},[53,26607,127],{"class":66},[53,26609,229],{"class":228},[53,26611,758],{"class":232},[53,26613,229],{"class":228},[53,26615,133],{"class":66},[53,26617,26618,26621,26623,26625,26627,26629,26631,26633,26635,26637,26639,26641,26644,26646],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,26619,26620],{"class":59},"result2 ",[53,26622,31],{"class":63},[53,26624,14439],{"class":59},[53,26626,99],{"class":66},[53,26628,26111],{"class":102},[53,26630,127],{"class":66},[53,26632,229],{"class":228},[53,26634,9628],{"class":232},[53,26636,229],{"class":228},[53,26638,74],{"class":66},[53,26640,240],{"class":228},[53,26642,26643],{"class":232},"missing",[53,26645,229],{"class":228},[53,26647,133],{"class":66},[53,26649,26650],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,26651,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,26653,26654,26656,26658,26661,26663],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,26655,145],{"class":144},[53,26657,127],{"class":66},[53,26659,26660],{"class":102},"result1",[53,26662,153],{"class":66},[53,26664,26665],{"class":156},"  # 10\n",[53,26667,26668,26670,26672,26675,26677],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,26669,145],{"class":144},[53,26671,127],{"class":66},[53,26673,26674],{"class":102},"result2",[53,26676,153],{"class":66},[53,26678,26679],{"class":156},"  # missing\n",[53,26681,26682,26684,26686,26688,26690],{"class":55,"line":6312},[53,26683,145],{"class":144},[53,26685,127],{"class":66},[53,26687,9092],{"class":102},[53,26689,153],{"class":66},[53,26691,26692],{"class":156},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,26694,26695,26696,1408],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[758,26697,26698],{"href":10624},[15,26699,26700],{},"dict.get()",[39,26702,1145,26704],{"id":26703},"when-to-use-pop",[15,26705,12650],{},[20,26707,174,26708,1152],{},[15,26709,12650],{},[194,26711,26712,26715,26718],{},[197,26713,26714],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[197,26716,26717],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[197,26719,26720],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,26722,211],{},[44,26724,26726],{"className":46,"code":26725,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,26727,26728,26780,26784,26811,26815,26839,26843,26857,26871],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,26729,26730,26732,26734,26736,26738,26740,26742,26744,26746,26749,26751,26753,26755,26757,26759,26761,26764,26766,26768,26771,26773,26775,26778],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,26731,24994],{"class":59},[53,26733,31],{"class":63},[53,26735,10379],{"class":66},[53,26737,229],{"class":228},[53,26739,1710],{"class":232},[53,26741,229],{"class":228},[53,26743,192],{"class":66},[53,26745,240],{"class":228},[53,26747,26748],{"class":232},"Laptop",[53,26750,229],{"class":228},[53,26752,74],{"class":66},[53,26754,240],{"class":228},[53,26756,25020],{"class":232},[53,26758,229],{"class":228},[53,26760,192],{"class":66},[53,26762,26763],{"class":70}," 1200",[53,26765,74],{"class":66},[53,26767,240],{"class":228},[53,26769,26770],{"class":232},"discount",[53,26772,229],{"class":228},[53,26774,192],{"class":66},[53,26776,26777],{"class":70}," 200",[53,26779,9197],{"class":66},[53,26781,26782],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,26783,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,26785,26786,26789,26791,26793,26795,26797,26799,26801,26803,26805,26807,26809],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,26787,26788],{"class":59},"discount_amount ",[53,26790,31],{"class":63},[53,26792,25072],{"class":59},[53,26794,99],{"class":66},[53,26796,26111],{"class":102},[53,26798,127],{"class":66},[53,26800,229],{"class":228},[53,26802,26770],{"class":232},[53,26804,229],{"class":228},[53,26806,74],{"class":66},[53,26808,3720],{"class":70},[53,26810,133],{"class":66},[53,26812,26813],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,26814,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,26816,26817,26820,26822,26824,26826,26828,26830,26832,26834,26836],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,26818,26819],{"class":59},"final_price ",[53,26821,31],{"class":63},[53,26823,25072],{"class":59},[53,26825,311],{"class":66},[53,26827,229],{"class":228},[53,26829,25020],{"class":232},[53,26831,229],{"class":228},[53,26833,13152],{"class":66},[53,26835,2109],{"class":63},[53,26837,26838],{"class":59}," discount_amount\n",[53,26840,26841],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,26842,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,26844,26845,26847,26849,26852,26854],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,26846,145],{"class":144},[53,26848,127],{"class":66},[53,26850,26851],{"class":102},"discount_amount",[53,26853,153],{"class":66},[53,26855,26856],{"class":156},"  # 200\n",[53,26858,26859,26861,26863,26866,26868],{"class":55,"line":6312},[53,26860,145],{"class":144},[53,26862,127],{"class":66},[53,26864,26865],{"class":102},"final_price",[53,26867,153],{"class":66},[53,26869,26870],{"class":156},"      # 1000\n",[53,26872,26873,26875,26877,26880,26882],{"class":55,"line":6318},[53,26874,145],{"class":144},[53,26876,127],{"class":66},[53,26878,26879],{"class":102},"product",[53,26881,153],{"class":66},[53,26883,26884],{"class":156},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,26886,26887],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[39,26889,26891,10474,26893],{"id":26890},"pop-vs-del",[15,26892,12650],{},[15,26894,26895],{},"del",[20,26897,10479,26898,960,26900,26902],{},[15,26899,12650],{},[15,26901,26895],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[1327,26904,174,26906,26908],{"id":26905},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,26907,12650],{}," when you need the removed value",[44,26910,26912],{"className":46,"code":26911,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,26913,26914,26950,26954,26976,26980,26993],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,26915,26916,26918,26920,26922,26924,26926,26928,26930,26932,26934,26936,26938,26940,26942,26944,26946,26948],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,26917,13083],{"class":59},[53,26919,31],{"class":63},[53,26921,10379],{"class":66},[53,26923,229],{"class":228},[53,26925,1710],{"class":232},[53,26927,229],{"class":228},[53,26929,192],{"class":66},[53,26931,240],{"class":228},[53,26933,12765],{"class":232},[53,26935,229],{"class":228},[53,26937,74],{"class":66},[53,26939,240],{"class":228},[53,26941,9187],{"class":232},[53,26943,229],{"class":228},[53,26945,192],{"class":66},[53,26947,9194],{"class":70},[53,26949,9197],{"class":66},[53,26951,26952],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,26953,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,26955,26956,26958,26960,26962,26964,26966,26968,26970,26972,26974],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,26957,21497],{"class":59},[53,26959,31],{"class":63},[53,26961,13126],{"class":59},[53,26963,99],{"class":66},[53,26965,26111],{"class":102},[53,26967,127],{"class":66},[53,26969,229],{"class":228},[53,26971,9187],{"class":232},[53,26973,229],{"class":228},[53,26975,133],{"class":66},[53,26977,26978],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,26979,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,26981,26982,26984,26986,26988,26990],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,26983,145],{"class":144},[53,26985,127],{"class":66},[53,26987,9187],{"class":102},[53,26989,153],{"class":66},[53,26991,26992],{"class":156},"     # 25\n",[53,26994,26995,26997,26999,27001,27003],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,26996,145],{"class":144},[53,26998,127],{"class":66},[53,27000,17177],{"class":102},[53,27002,153],{"class":66},[53,27004,27005],{"class":156},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[1327,27007,174,27009,27011],{"id":27008},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,27010,26895],{}," when you only want deletion",[44,27013,27015],{"className":46,"code":27014,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27016,27017,27053,27057,27073,27077],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,27018,27019,27021,27023,27025,27027,27029,27031,27033,27035,27037,27039,27041,27043,27045,27047,27049,27051],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,27020,13083],{"class":59},[53,27022,31],{"class":63},[53,27024,10379],{"class":66},[53,27026,229],{"class":228},[53,27028,1710],{"class":232},[53,27030,229],{"class":228},[53,27032,192],{"class":66},[53,27034,240],{"class":228},[53,27036,12765],{"class":232},[53,27038,229],{"class":228},[53,27040,74],{"class":66},[53,27042,240],{"class":228},[53,27044,9187],{"class":232},[53,27046,229],{"class":228},[53,27048,192],{"class":66},[53,27050,9194],{"class":70},[53,27052,9197],{"class":66},[53,27054,27055],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,27056,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,27058,27059,27061,27063,27065,27067,27069,27071],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,27060,26895],{"class":3764},[53,27062,13126],{"class":59},[53,27064,311],{"class":66},[53,27066,229],{"class":228},[53,27068,9187],{"class":232},[53,27070,229],{"class":228},[53,27072,85],{"class":66},[53,27074,27075],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,27076,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,27078,27079,27081,27083,27085,27087],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,27080,145],{"class":144},[53,27082,127],{"class":66},[53,27084,17177],{"class":102},[53,27086,153],{"class":66},[53,27088,27005],{"class":156},[20,27090,27091],{},"Difference:",[194,27093,27094,27099],{},[197,27095,27096,27098],{},[15,27097,12650],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[197,27100,27101,27103],{},[15,27102,26895],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,27105,27106,27107,99],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[758,27108,12462],{"href":12461},[39,27110,27112,27113],{"id":27111},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,27114,19555],{},[20,27116,27117],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[1327,27119,27121],{"id":27120},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[44,27123,27125],{"className":46,"code":27124,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27126,27127,27152,27156,27182,27186,27198],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,27128,27129,27131,27133,27135,27137,27139,27141,27143,27145,27148,27150],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,27130,11614],{"class":59},[53,27132,31],{"class":63},[53,27134,10379],{"class":66},[53,27136,229],{"class":228},[53,27138,1710],{"class":232},[53,27140,229],{"class":228},[53,27142,192],{"class":66},[53,27144,240],{"class":228},[53,27146,27147],{"class":232},"Sara",[53,27149,229],{"class":228},[53,27151,9197],{"class":66},[53,27153,27154],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,27155,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,27157,27158,27160,27162,27164,27166,27168,27170,27172,27174,27176,27178,27180],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,27159,2335],{"class":59},[53,27161,31],{"class":63},[53,27163,11656],{"class":59},[53,27165,99],{"class":66},[53,27167,26111],{"class":102},[53,27169,127],{"class":66},[53,27171,229],{"class":228},[53,27173,9187],{"class":232},[53,27175,229],{"class":228},[53,27177,74],{"class":66},[53,27179,3740],{"class":3739},[53,27181,133],{"class":66},[53,27183,27184],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,27185,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,27187,27188,27190,27192,27194,27196],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,27189,145],{"class":144},[53,27191,127],{"class":66},[53,27193,2360],{"class":102},[53,27195,153],{"class":66},[53,27197,20429],{"class":156},[53,27199,27200,27202,27204,27206,27208],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,27201,145],{"class":144},[53,27203,127],{"class":66},[53,27205,11338],{"class":102},[53,27207,153],{"class":66},[53,27209,27210],{"class":156}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,27212,27213],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[1327,27215,27217],{"id":27216},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[44,27219,27221],{"className":46,"code":27220,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,27222,27223,27247,27251,27267,27290,27300,27307],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,27224,27225,27227,27229,27231,27233,27235,27237,27239,27241,27243,27245],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,27226,11614],{"class":59},[53,27228,31],{"class":63},[53,27230,10379],{"class":66},[53,27232,229],{"class":228},[53,27234,1710],{"class":232},[53,27236,229],{"class":228},[53,27238,192],{"class":66},[53,27240,240],{"class":228},[53,27242,27147],{"class":232},[53,27244,229],{"class":228},[53,27246,9197],{"class":66},[53,27248,27249],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,27250,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,27252,27253,27255,27257,27259,27261,27263,27265],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,27254,6884],{"class":3764},[53,27256,240],{"class":228},[53,27258,9187],{"class":232},[53,27260,229],{"class":228},[53,27262,21042],{"class":63},[53,27264,11656],{"class":59},[53,27266,6280],{"class":66},[53,27268,27269,27272,27274,27276,27278,27280,27282,27284,27286,27288],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,27270,27271],{"class":59},"    value ",[53,27273,31],{"class":63},[53,27275,11656],{"class":59},[53,27277,99],{"class":66},[53,27279,26111],{"class":102},[53,27281,127],{"class":66},[53,27283,229],{"class":228},[53,27285,9187],{"class":232},[53,27287,229],{"class":228},[53,27289,133],{"class":66},[53,27291,27292,27294,27296,27298],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,27293,7954],{"class":144},[53,27295,127],{"class":66},[53,27297,2360],{"class":102},[53,27299,133],{"class":66},[53,27301,27302,27305],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,27303,27304],{"class":3764},"else",[53,27306,6280],{"class":66},[53,27308,27309,27311,27313,27315,27318,27320],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,27310,7954],{"class":144},[53,27312,127],{"class":66},[53,27314,229],{"class":228},[53,27316,27317],{"class":232},"Key not found",[53,27319,229],{"class":228},[53,27321,133],{"class":66},[1327,27323,27325,27326,27328],{"id":27324},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,27327,10628],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[44,27330,27332],{"className":46,"code":27331,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27333,27334,27358,27362,27388,27392,27404],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,27335,27336,27338,27340,27342,27344,27346,27348,27350,27352,27354,27356],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,27337,11614],{"class":59},[53,27339,31],{"class":63},[53,27341,10379],{"class":66},[53,27343,229],{"class":228},[53,27345,1710],{"class":232},[53,27347,229],{"class":228},[53,27349,192],{"class":66},[53,27351,240],{"class":228},[53,27353,27147],{"class":232},[53,27355,229],{"class":228},[53,27357,9197],{"class":66},[53,27359,27360],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,27361,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,27363,27364,27366,27368,27370,27372,27374,27376,27378,27380,27382,27384,27386],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,27365,2335],{"class":59},[53,27367,31],{"class":63},[53,27369,11656],{"class":59},[53,27371,99],{"class":66},[53,27373,19618],{"class":102},[53,27375,127],{"class":66},[53,27377,229],{"class":228},[53,27379,9187],{"class":232},[53,27381,229],{"class":228},[53,27383,74],{"class":66},[53,27385,3740],{"class":3739},[53,27387,133],{"class":66},[53,27389,27390],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,27391,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,27393,27394,27396,27398,27400,27402],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,27395,145],{"class":144},[53,27397,127],{"class":66},[53,27399,2360],{"class":102},[53,27401,153],{"class":66},[53,27403,20429],{"class":156},[53,27405,27406,27408,27410,27412,27414],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,27407,145],{"class":144},[53,27409,127],{"class":66},[53,27411,11338],{"class":102},[53,27413,153],{"class":66},[53,27415,27210],{"class":156},[20,27417,174,27418,27422,27423,99],{},[758,27419,27420],{"href":10624},[15,27421,26700],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[758,27424,11151],{"href":10962},[39,27426,1320],{"id":1319},[20,27428,27429,27430,99],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,27431,12457],{},[1327,27433,25644,27435,27437],{"id":27434},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,27436,12650],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,27439,27440],{},"Lists use indexes:",[44,27442,27444],{"className":46,"code":27443,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,27445,27446,27466],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,27447,27448,27450,27452,27454,27456,27458,27460,27462,27464],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,27449,60],{"class":59},[53,27451,31],{"class":63},[53,27453,67],{"class":66},[53,27455,1188],{"class":70},[53,27457,74],{"class":66},[53,27459,1193],{"class":70},[53,27461,74],{"class":66},[53,27463,1198],{"class":70},[53,27465,85],{"class":66},[53,27467,27468,27470,27472,27474,27476,27478,27480,27482,27484],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,27469,145],{"class":144},[53,27471,127],{"class":66},[53,27473,150],{"class":102},[53,27475,99],{"class":66},[53,27477,26111],{"class":102},[53,27479,127],{"class":66},[53,27481,71],{"class":70},[53,27483,5245],{"class":66},[53,27485,27486],{"class":156},"  # 20\n",[20,27488,27489],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[44,27491,27493],{"className":46,"code":27492,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,27494,27495,27531],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,27496,27497,27499,27501,27503,27505,27507,27509,27511,27513,27515,27517,27519,27521,27523,27525,27527,27529],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,27498,13083],{"class":59},[53,27500,31],{"class":63},[53,27502,10379],{"class":66},[53,27504,229],{"class":228},[53,27506,1710],{"class":232},[53,27508,229],{"class":228},[53,27510,192],{"class":66},[53,27512,240],{"class":228},[53,27514,12765],{"class":232},[53,27516,229],{"class":228},[53,27518,74],{"class":66},[53,27520,240],{"class":228},[53,27522,9187],{"class":232},[53,27524,229],{"class":228},[53,27526,192],{"class":66},[53,27528,9194],{"class":70},[53,27530,9197],{"class":66},[53,27532,27533,27535,27537,27539,27541,27543,27545,27547,27549,27551,27553],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,27534,145],{"class":144},[53,27536,127],{"class":66},[53,27538,17177],{"class":102},[53,27540,99],{"class":66},[53,27542,26111],{"class":102},[53,27544,127],{"class":66},[53,27546,229],{"class":228},[53,27548,9187],{"class":232},[53,27550,229],{"class":228},[53,27552,5245],{"class":66},[53,27554,27555],{"class":156},"  # 25\n",[20,27557,27558,27559,27561,27562,27564],{},"A dictionary does ",[34,27560,36],{}," use positions with ",[15,27563,12650],{},". It uses keys.",[1327,27566,4590,27568,27570],{"id":27567},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,27569,12650],{}," changes the original dictionary",[44,27572,27574],{"className":46,"code":27573,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,27575,27576,27608,27612,27634,27638,27651],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,27577,27578,27580,27582,27584,27586,27588,27590,27592,27594,27596,27598,27600,27602,27604,27606],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,27579,9053],{"class":59},[53,27581,31],{"class":63},[53,27583,10379],{"class":66},[53,27585,229],{"class":228},[53,27587,2060],{"class":232},[53,27589,229],{"class":228},[53,27591,192],{"class":66},[53,27593,5382],{"class":70},[53,27595,74],{"class":66},[53,27597,240],{"class":228},[53,27599,11635],{"class":232},[53,27601,229],{"class":228},[53,27603,192],{"class":66},[53,27605,77],{"class":70},[53,27607,9197],{"class":66},[53,27609,27610],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,27611,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,27613,27614,27616,27618,27620,27622,27624,27626,27628,27630,27632],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,27615,2335],{"class":59},[53,27617,31],{"class":63},[53,27619,14439],{"class":59},[53,27621,99],{"class":66},[53,27623,26111],{"class":102},[53,27625,127],{"class":66},[53,27627,229],{"class":228},[53,27629,2060],{"class":232},[53,27631,229],{"class":228},[53,27633,133],{"class":66},[53,27635,27636],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,27637,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,27639,27640,27642,27644,27646,27648],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,27641,145],{"class":144},[53,27643,127],{"class":66},[53,27645,2360],{"class":102},[53,27647,153],{"class":66},[53,27649,27650],{"class":156},"  # 1\n",[53,27652,27653,27655,27657,27659,27661],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,27654,145],{"class":144},[53,27656,127],{"class":66},[53,27658,9092],{"class":102},[53,27660,153],{"class":66},[53,27662,27663],{"class":156},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,27665,27666,27667,27669],{},"After ",[15,27668,12650],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[1327,27671,485,27673,27675],{"id":27672},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,27674,12650],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[44,27677,27679],{"className":46,"code":27678,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,27680,27681,27705,27709,27714],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,27682,27683,27685,27687,27689,27691,27693,27695,27697,27699,27701,27703],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,27684,9053],{"class":59},[53,27686,31],{"class":63},[53,27688,10379],{"class":66},[53,27690,229],{"class":228},[53,27692,1710],{"class":232},[53,27694,229],{"class":228},[53,27696,192],{"class":66},[53,27698,240],{"class":228},[53,27700,7806],{"class":232},[53,27702,229],{"class":228},[53,27704,9197],{"class":66},[53,27706,27707],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,27708,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,27710,27711],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,27712,27713],{"class":156},"# This causes an error\n",[53,27715,27716],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,27717,27718],{"class":156},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,27720,27721],{},"Safer version:",[44,27723,27725],{"className":46,"code":27724,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,27726,27727,27751,27755],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,27728,27729,27731,27733,27735,27737,27739,27741,27743,27745,27747,27749],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,27730,9053],{"class":59},[53,27732,31],{"class":63},[53,27734,10379],{"class":66},[53,27736,229],{"class":228},[53,27738,1710],{"class":232},[53,27740,229],{"class":228},[53,27742,192],{"class":66},[53,27744,240],{"class":228},[53,27746,7806],{"class":232},[53,27748,229],{"class":228},[53,27750,9197],{"class":66},[53,27752,27753],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,27754,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,27756,27757,27759,27761,27763,27765,27767,27769,27771,27773,27775,27777,27779,27781,27783,27785],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,27758,145],{"class":144},[53,27760,127],{"class":66},[53,27762,9092],{"class":102},[53,27764,99],{"class":66},[53,27766,26111],{"class":102},[53,27768,127],{"class":66},[53,27770,229],{"class":228},[53,27772,9187],{"class":232},[53,27774,229],{"class":228},[53,27776,74],{"class":66},[53,27778,240],{"class":228},[53,27780,26643],{"class":232},[53,27782,229],{"class":228},[53,27784,5245],{"class":66},[53,27786,26679],{"class":156},[1327,27788,8339,27790,27792],{"id":27789},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,27791,12650],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[44,27794,27796],{"className":46,"code":27795,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,27797,27798,27830,27834,27856,27860,27872],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,27799,27800,27802,27804,27806,27808,27810,27812,27814,27816,27818,27820,27822,27824,27826,27828],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,27801,9053],{"class":59},[53,27803,31],{"class":63},[53,27805,10379],{"class":66},[53,27807,229],{"class":228},[53,27809,758],{"class":232},[53,27811,229],{"class":228},[53,27813,192],{"class":66},[53,27815,5382],{"class":70},[53,27817,74],{"class":66},[53,27819,240],{"class":228},[53,27821,1376],{"class":232},[53,27823,229],{"class":228},[53,27825,192],{"class":66},[53,27827,77],{"class":70},[53,27829,9197],{"class":66},[53,27831,27832],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,27833,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,27835,27836,27838,27840,27842,27844,27846,27848,27850,27852,27854],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,27837,2117],{"class":59},[53,27839,31],{"class":63},[53,27841,14439],{"class":59},[53,27843,99],{"class":66},[53,27845,26111],{"class":102},[53,27847,127],{"class":66},[53,27849,229],{"class":228},[53,27851,758],{"class":232},[53,27853,229],{"class":228},[53,27855,133],{"class":66},[53,27857,27858],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,27859,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,27861,27862,27864,27866,27868,27870],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,27863,145],{"class":144},[53,27865,127],{"class":66},[53,27867,2152],{"class":102},[53,27869,153],{"class":66},[53,27871,27650],{"class":156},[53,27873,27874,27876,27878,27880,27882],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,27875,145],{"class":144},[53,27877,127],{"class":66},[53,27879,9092],{"class":102},[53,27881,153],{"class":66},[53,27883,27884],{"class":156},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,27886,27887],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[39,27889,27891],{"id":27890},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,27893,27894,27895,27897],{},"Problems with ",[15,27896,12457],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[194,27899,27900,27903,27912,27915],{},[197,27901,27902],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[197,27904,27905,27906,27909,27910],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,27907,27908],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,27911,26207],{},[197,27913,27914],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[197,27916,27917,27918,10980,27920],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,27919,71],{},[15,27921,27922],{},"\"1\"",[20,27924,27925],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[44,27927,27929],{"className":46,"code":27928,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,27930,27931,27955,27959,27989],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,27932,27933,27935,27937,27939,27941,27943,27945,27947,27949,27951,27953],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,27934,9053],{"class":59},[53,27936,31],{"class":63},[53,27938,10379],{"class":66},[53,27940,229],{"class":228},[53,27942,71],{"class":232},[53,27944,229],{"class":228},[53,27946,192],{"class":66},[53,27948,240],{"class":228},[53,27950,6472],{"class":232},[53,27952,229],{"class":228},[53,27954,9197],{"class":66},[53,27956,27957],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,27958,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,27960,27961,27963,27965,27967,27969,27971,27973,27975,27977,27979,27982,27984,27986],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,27962,145],{"class":144},[53,27964,127],{"class":66},[53,27966,9092],{"class":102},[53,27968,99],{"class":66},[53,27970,26111],{"class":102},[53,27972,127],{"class":66},[53,27974,71],{"class":70},[53,27976,74],{"class":66},[53,27978,240],{"class":228},[53,27980,27981],{"class":232},"not found",[53,27983,229],{"class":228},[53,27985,5245],{"class":66},[53,27987,27988],{"class":156},"    # not found\n",[53,27990,27991,27993,27995,27997,27999,28001,28003,28005,28007,28009,28011,28013,28015,28017,28019],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,27992,145],{"class":144},[53,27994,127],{"class":66},[53,27996,9092],{"class":102},[53,27998,99],{"class":66},[53,28000,26111],{"class":102},[53,28002,127],{"class":66},[53,28004,229],{"class":228},[53,28006,71],{"class":232},[53,28008,229],{"class":228},[53,28010,74],{"class":66},[53,28012,240],{"class":228},[53,28014,27981],{"class":232},[53,28016,229],{"class":228},[53,28018,5245],{"class":66},[53,28020,28021],{"class":156},"  # one\n",[20,28023,28024,960,28026,28028],{},[15,28025,71],{},[15,28027,27922],{}," are different keys.",[39,28030,8759],{"id":8758},[20,28032,8762,28033,28035],{},[15,28034,12650],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[44,28037,28039],{"className":46,"code":28038,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,28040,28041,28051,28065,28083,28113],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,28042,28043,28045,28047,28049],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,28044,145],{"class":144},[53,28046,127],{"class":66},[53,28048,11338],{"class":102},[53,28050,133],{"class":66},[53,28052,28053,28055,28057,28059,28061,28063],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,28054,145],{"class":144},[53,28056,127],{"class":66},[53,28058,11338],{"class":102},[53,28060,99],{"class":66},[53,28062,16793],{"class":102},[53,28064,7081],{"class":66},[53,28066,28067,28069,28071,28073,28075,28077,28079,28081],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,28068,145],{"class":144},[53,28070,127],{"class":66},[53,28072,314],{"class":228},[53,28074,1710],{"class":232},[53,28076,314],{"class":228},[53,28078,21042],{"class":3764},[53,28080,11656],{"class":102},[53,28082,133],{"class":66},[53,28084,28085,28087,28089,28091,28093,28095,28097,28099,28101,28103,28105,28107,28109,28111],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,28086,145],{"class":144},[53,28088,127],{"class":66},[53,28090,11338],{"class":102},[53,28092,99],{"class":66},[53,28094,26111],{"class":102},[53,28096,127],{"class":66},[53,28098,314],{"class":228},[53,28100,1710],{"class":232},[53,28102,314],{"class":228},[53,28104,74],{"class":66},[53,28106,323],{"class":228},[53,28108,26643],{"class":232},[53,28110,314],{"class":228},[53,28112,1713],{"class":66},[53,28114,28115,28117,28119,28121,28123,28125],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,28116,145],{"class":144},[53,28118,127],{"class":66},[53,28120,1705],{"class":1704},[53,28122,127],{"class":66},[53,28124,11338],{"class":102},[53,28126,1713],{"class":66},[20,28128,21205],{},[194,28130,28131,28136,28141,28146,28152],{},[197,28132,28133,28135],{},[15,28134,12567],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[197,28137,28138,28140],{},[15,28139,21217],{}," shows all available keys",[197,28142,28143,28145],{},[15,28144,21223],{}," checks whether a key exists",[197,28147,28148,28151],{},[15,28149,28150],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[197,28153,28154,28156],{},[15,28155,12573],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,28158,28159,28160,99],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[758,28161,9280],{"href":9279},[39,28163,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,28165,28167,28168,28170],{"id":28166},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,28169,12650],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,28172,28173],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[1327,28175,28177],{"id":28176},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,28179,28180,26408,28182,28184,28185,28187],{},[15,28181,26207],{},[15,28183,19555],{},". ",[15,28186,26211],{}," returns the default value instead.",[1327,28189,1729,28191,14769],{"id":28190},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,28192,12650],{},[20,28194,28195],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[1327,28197,28199,28200,28202],{"id":28198},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[15,28201,12650],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,28204,28205,28206,28208,28209,99],{},"Not with ",[15,28207,12457],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[758,28210,28211],{"href":12468},[15,28212,12657],{},[1327,28214,1739,28216,960,28218,1744],{"id":28215},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,28217,10628],{},[15,28219,12650],{},[20,28221,28222,28224,28225,28227],{},[15,28223,10628],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,28226,12650],{}," reads and removes it.",[39,28229,1788],{"id":1787},[194,28231,28232,28238,28245,28249,28253,28257],{},[197,28233,28234],{},[758,28235,28236],{"href":10624},[15,28237,19536],{},[197,28239,28240],{},[758,28241,28242],{"href":12468},[15,28243,28244],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[197,28246,28247],{},[758,28248,12673],{"href":12461},[197,28250,28251],{},[758,28252,21326],{"href":16467},[197,28254,28255],{},[758,28256,11151],{"href":10962},[197,28258,28259],{},[758,28260,28262],{"href":28261},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[1817,28264,28265],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":28267},[28268,28269,28271,28272,28273,28275,28282,28289,28299,28300,28301,28312],{"id":3496,"depth":88,"text":3497},{"id":26218,"depth":88,"text":28270},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372},{"id":997,"depth":88,"text":998},{"id":26703,"depth":88,"text":28274},"When to use pop()",{"id":26890,"depth":88,"text":28276,"children":28277},"pop() vs del",[28278,28280],{"id":26905,"depth":109,"text":28279},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":27008,"depth":109,"text":28281},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27111,"depth":88,"text":28283,"children":28284},"How to avoid KeyError",[28285,28286,28287],{"id":27120,"depth":109,"text":27121},{"id":27216,"depth":109,"text":27217},{"id":27324,"depth":109,"text":28288},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":1319,"depth":88,"text":1320,"children":28290},[28291,28293,28295,28297],{"id":27434,"depth":109,"text":28292},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27567,"depth":109,"text":28294},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27672,"depth":109,"text":28296},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":27789,"depth":109,"text":28298},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":27890,"depth":88,"text":27891},{"id":8758,"depth":88,"text":8759},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":28302},[28303,28305,28306,28308,28310],{"id":28166,"depth":109,"text":28304},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28176,"depth":109,"text":28177},{"id":28190,"depth":109,"text":28307},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28198,"depth":109,"text":28309},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28215,"depth":109,"text":28311},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":26039,"description":28313},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28320,"title":28244,"body":28321,"description":30261,"extension":1853,"meta":30262,"navigation":112,"path":30263,"seo":30264,"stem":30265,"__hash__":30266},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28322,"toc":30225},[28323,28328,28333,28336,28344,28354,28356,28445,28449,28498,28503,28508,28512,28528,28531,28533,28548,28550,28566,28573,28577,28583,28592,28594,28663,28667,28688,28691,28710,28713,28736,28738,28741,28856,28860,28919,28926,28930,28936,29061,29065,29115,29118,29122,29129,29131,29194,29198,29219,29222,29231,29246,29254,29261,29265,29277,29281,29292,29294,29440,29444,29503,29510,29515,29519,29525,29548,29553,29572,29576,29647,29654,29727,29736,29741,29746,29757,29760,29897,29902,29934,29939,29941,29945,30005,30008,30065,30068,30111,30113,30118,30124,30130,30133,30140,30148,30153,30156,30163,30171,30173,30222],[10,28324,11207,28326,18],{"id":28325},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,28327,12657],{},[20,28329,1870,28330,28332],{},[15,28331,12657],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,28334,28335],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[194,28337,28338,28341],{},[197,28339,28340],{},"remove an item",[197,28342,28343],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,28345,28346,28347,28349,28350,28353],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,28348,12657],{}," removes the ",[34,28351,28352],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[39,28355,42],{"id":41},[44,28357,28359],{"className":46,"code":28358,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,28360,28361,28405,28421,28425,28435],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,28362,28363,28365,28367,28369,28371,28373,28375,28377,28379,28381,28383,28385,28387,28389,28391,28393,28395,28397,28399,28401,28403],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,28364,9053],{"class":59},[53,28366,31],{"class":63},[53,28368,10379],{"class":66},[53,28370,229],{"class":228},[53,28372,758],{"class":232},[53,28374,229],{"class":228},[53,28376,192],{"class":66},[53,28378,5382],{"class":70},[53,28380,74],{"class":66},[53,28382,240],{"class":228},[53,28384,1376],{"class":232},[53,28386,229],{"class":228},[53,28388,192],{"class":66},[53,28390,77],{"class":70},[53,28392,74],{"class":66},[53,28394,240],{"class":228},[53,28396,9628],{"class":232},[53,28398,229],{"class":228},[53,28400,192],{"class":66},[53,28402,82],{"class":70},[53,28404,9197],{"class":66},[53,28406,28407,28410,28412,28414,28416,28419],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,28408,28409],{"class":59},"item ",[53,28411,31],{"class":63},[53,28413,14439],{"class":59},[53,28415,99],{"class":66},[53,28417,28418],{"class":102},"popitem",[53,28420,106],{"class":66},[53,28422,28423],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,28424,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,28426,28427,28429,28431,28433],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,28428,145],{"class":144},[53,28430,127],{"class":66},[53,28432,23180],{"class":102},[53,28434,133],{"class":66},[53,28436,28437,28439,28441,28443],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,28438,145],{"class":144},[53,28440,127],{"class":66},[53,28442,9092],{"class":102},[53,28444,133],{"class":66},[20,28446,28447],{},[34,28448,301],{},[44,28450,28452],{"className":46,"code":28451,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,28453,28454,28470],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,28455,28456,28458,28460,28462,28464,28466,28468],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,28457,127],{"class":66},[53,28459,314],{"class":228},[53,28461,9628],{"class":232},[53,28463,314],{"class":228},[53,28465,74],{"class":66},[53,28467,82],{"class":70},[53,28469,133],{"class":66},[53,28471,28472,28474,28476,28478,28480,28482,28484,28486,28488,28490,28492,28494,28496],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,28473,9166],{"class":66},[53,28475,314],{"class":228},[53,28477,758],{"class":232},[53,28479,314],{"class":228},[53,28481,192],{"class":66},[53,28483,5382],{"class":70},[53,28485,74],{"class":66},[53,28487,323],{"class":228},[53,28489,1376],{"class":232},[53,28491,314],{"class":228},[53,28493,192],{"class":66},[53,28495,77],{"class":70},[53,28497,9197],{"class":66},[20,28499,28500,28502],{},[15,28501,12657],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[39,28504,184,28506,187],{"id":28505},"what-popitem-does",[15,28507,12657],{},[20,28509,28510,192],{},[15,28511,12657],{},[194,28513,28514,28517,28522,28525],{},[197,28515,28516],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[197,28518,28519,28520],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,28521,21524],{},[197,28523,28524],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[197,28526,28527],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,28529,28530],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[39,28532,372],{"id":371},[44,28534,28536],{"className":46,"code":28535,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28537,28538],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,28539,28540,28542,28544,28546],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,28541,15475],{"class":59},[53,28543,99],{"class":66},[53,28545,28418],{"class":102},[53,28547,106],{"class":66},[20,28549,11347],{},[194,28551,28552,28560,28563],{},[197,28553,28554,28556,28557],{},[15,28555,12657],{}," takes ",[34,28558,28559],{},"no arguments",[197,28561,28562],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[197,28564,28565],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,28567,28568,28569,1408],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[758,28570,28571],{"href":12454},[15,28572,12650],{},[39,28574,28576],{"id":28575},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,28578,28579,28580,28582],{},"The value returned by ",[15,28581,12657],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28584,28585,28586,28589],"ol",{},[197,28587,28588],{},"the key",[197,28590,28591],{},"the value",[20,28593,211],{},[44,28595,28597],{"className":46,"code":28596,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,28598,28599,28635,28649,28653],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,28600,28601,28603,28605,28607,28609,28611,28613,28615,28617,28619,28621,28623,28625,28627,28629,28631,28633],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,28602,13083],{"class":59},[53,28604,31],{"class":63},[53,28606,10379],{"class":66},[53,28608,229],{"class":228},[53,28610,1710],{"class":232},[53,28612,229],{"class":228},[53,28614,192],{"class":66},[53,28616,240],{"class":228},[53,28618,1679],{"class":232},[53,28620,229],{"class":228},[53,28622,74],{"class":66},[53,28624,240],{"class":228},[53,28626,9187],{"class":232},[53,28628,229],{"class":228},[53,28630,192],{"class":66},[53,28632,9194],{"class":70},[53,28634,9197],{"class":66},[53,28636,28637,28639,28641,28643,28645,28647],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,28638,2117],{"class":59},[53,28640,31],{"class":63},[53,28642,13126],{"class":59},[53,28644,99],{"class":66},[53,28646,28418],{"class":102},[53,28648,106],{"class":66},[53,28650,28651],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,28652,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,28654,28655,28657,28659,28661],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,28656,145],{"class":144},[53,28658,127],{"class":66},[53,28660,2152],{"class":102},[53,28662,133],{"class":66},[20,28664,28665],{},[34,28666,301],{},[44,28668,28670],{"className":46,"code":28669,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('age', 25)\n",[15,28671,28672],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,28673,28674,28676,28678,28680,28682,28684,28686],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,28675,127],{"class":66},[53,28677,314],{"class":228},[53,28679,9187],{"class":232},[53,28681,314],{"class":228},[53,28683,74],{"class":66},[53,28685,9194],{"class":70},[53,28687,133],{"class":66},[20,28689,28690],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[44,28692,28694],{"className":46,"code":28693,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,28695,28696],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,28697,28698,28700,28702,28704,28706,28708],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,28699,2117],{"class":59},[53,28701,31],{"class":63},[53,28703,13126],{"class":59},[53,28705,99],{"class":66},[53,28707,28418],{"class":102},[53,28709,106],{"class":66},[20,28711,28712],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[44,28714,28716],{"className":46,"code":28715,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,28717,28718],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,28719,28720,28722,28724,28726,28728,28730,28732,28734],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,28721,14714],{"class":59},[53,28723,74],{"class":66},[53,28725,21453],{"class":59},[53,28727,31],{"class":63},[53,28729,13126],{"class":59},[53,28731,99],{"class":66},[53,28733,28418],{"class":102},[53,28735,106],{"class":66},[39,28737,11364],{"id":11363},[20,28739,28740],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[44,28742,28744],{"className":46,"code":28743,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,28745,28746,28794,28798,28813,28817,28837],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,28747,28748,28750,28752,28754,28756,28759,28761,28763,28765,28767,28769,28771,28773,28775,28778,28780,28782,28785,28787,28789,28792],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,28749,1181],{"class":59},[53,28751,31],{"class":63},[53,28753,10379],{"class":66},[53,28755,229],{"class":228},[53,28757,28758],{"class":232},"Tom",[53,28760,229],{"class":228},[53,28762,192],{"class":66},[53,28764,4959],{"class":70},[53,28766,74],{"class":66},[53,28768,240],{"class":228},[53,28770,12765],{"class":232},[53,28772,229],{"class":228},[53,28774,192],{"class":66},[53,28776,28777],{"class":70}," 95",[53,28779,74],{"class":66},[53,28781,240],{"class":228},[53,28783,28784],{"class":232},"Leo",[53,28786,229],{"class":228},[53,28788,192],{"class":66},[53,28790,28791],{"class":70}," 88",[53,28793,9197],{"class":66},[53,28795,28796],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,28797,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,28799,28800,28803,28805,28807,28809,28811],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,28801,28802],{"class":59},"removed_pair ",[53,28804,31],{"class":63},[53,28806,1210],{"class":59},[53,28808,99],{"class":66},[53,28810,28418],{"class":102},[53,28812,106],{"class":66},[53,28814,28815],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,28816,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,28818,28819,28821,28823,28825,28828,28830,28832,28835],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,28820,145],{"class":144},[53,28822,127],{"class":66},[53,28824,229],{"class":228},[53,28826,28827],{"class":232},"Removed:",[53,28829,229],{"class":228},[53,28831,74],{"class":66},[53,28833,28834],{"class":102}," removed_pair",[53,28836,133],{"class":66},[53,28838,28839,28841,28843,28845,28848,28850,28852,28854],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,28840,145],{"class":144},[53,28842,127],{"class":66},[53,28844,229],{"class":228},[53,28846,28847],{"class":232},"After removal:",[53,28849,229],{"class":228},[53,28851,74],{"class":66},[53,28853,1210],{"class":102},[53,28855,133],{"class":66},[20,28857,28858],{},[34,28859,301],{},[44,28861,28863],{"className":46,"code":28862,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,28864,28865,28886],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,28866,28867,28870,28872,28874,28876,28878,28880,28882,28884],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,28868,28869],{"class":59},"Removed",[53,28871,192],{"class":66},[53,28873,9124],{"class":66},[53,28875,314],{"class":228},[53,28877,28784],{"class":232},[53,28879,314],{"class":228},[53,28881,74],{"class":66},[53,28883,28791],{"class":70},[53,28885,133],{"class":66},[53,28887,28888,28891,28893,28895,28897,28899,28901,28903,28905,28907,28909,28911,28913,28915,28917],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,28889,28890],{"class":59},"After removal",[53,28892,192],{"class":66},[53,28894,10379],{"class":66},[53,28896,314],{"class":228},[53,28898,28758],{"class":232},[53,28900,314],{"class":228},[53,28902,192],{"class":66},[53,28904,4959],{"class":70},[53,28906,74],{"class":66},[53,28908,323],{"class":228},[53,28910,12765],{"class":232},[53,28912,314],{"class":228},[53,28914,192],{"class":66},[53,28916,28777],{"class":70},[53,28918,9197],{"class":66},[20,28920,28921,28922,28925],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,28923,28924],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[39,28927,28929],{"id":28928},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,28931,28932,28933,28935],{},"Because ",[15,28934,12657],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[44,28937,28939],{"className":46,"code":28938,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,28940,28941,28977,28981,29000,29004,29023,29042],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,28942,28943,28945,28947,28949,28951,28953,28955,28957,28959,28961,28963,28965,28967,28969,28971,28973,28975],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,28944,15318],{"class":59},[53,28946,31],{"class":63},[53,28948,10379],{"class":66},[53,28950,229],{"class":228},[53,28952,15329],{"class":232},[53,28954,229],{"class":228},[53,28956,192],{"class":66},[53,28958,240],{"class":228},[53,28960,15338],{"class":232},[53,28962,229],{"class":228},[53,28964,74],{"class":66},[53,28966,240],{"class":228},[53,28968,15349],{"class":232},[53,28970,229],{"class":228},[53,28972,192],{"class":66},[53,28974,26777],{"class":70},[53,28976,9197],{"class":66},[53,28978,28979],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,28980,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,28982,28983,28985,28987,28989,28991,28994,28996,28998],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,28984,14714],{"class":59},[53,28986,74],{"class":66},[53,28988,21453],{"class":59},[53,28990,31],{"class":63},[53,28992,28993],{"class":59}," book",[53,28995,99],{"class":66},[53,28997,28418],{"class":102},[53,28999,106],{"class":66},[53,29001,29002],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,29003,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,29005,29006,29008,29010,29012,29015,29017,29019,29021],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,29007,145],{"class":144},[53,29009,127],{"class":66},[53,29011,229],{"class":228},[53,29013,29014],{"class":232},"Key:",[53,29016,229],{"class":228},[53,29018,74],{"class":66},[53,29020,21448],{"class":102},[53,29022,133],{"class":66},[53,29024,29025,29027,29029,29031,29034,29036,29038,29040],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,29026,145],{"class":144},[53,29028,127],{"class":66},[53,29030,229],{"class":228},[53,29032,29033],{"class":232},"Value:",[53,29035,229],{"class":228},[53,29037,74],{"class":66},[53,29039,8319],{"class":102},[53,29041,133],{"class":66},[53,29043,29044,29046,29048,29050,29053,29055,29057,29059],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,29045,145],{"class":144},[53,29047,127],{"class":66},[53,29049,229],{"class":228},[53,29051,29052],{"class":232},"Dictionary:",[53,29054,229],{"class":228},[53,29056,74],{"class":66},[53,29058,28993],{"class":102},[53,29060,133],{"class":66},[20,29062,29063],{},[34,29064,301],{},[44,29066,29068],{"className":46,"code":29067,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,29069,29070,29080,29090],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,29071,29072,29075,29077],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,29073,29074],{"class":59},"Key",[53,29076,192],{"class":66},[53,29078,29079],{"class":59}," pages\n",[53,29081,29082,29085,29087],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,29083,29084],{"class":59},"Value",[53,29086,192],{"class":66},[53,29088,29089],{"class":70}," 200\n",[53,29091,29092,29095,29097,29099,29101,29103,29105,29107,29109,29111,29113],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,29093,29094],{"class":59},"Dictionary",[53,29096,192],{"class":66},[53,29098,10379],{"class":66},[53,29100,314],{"class":228},[53,29102,15329],{"class":232},[53,29104,314],{"class":228},[53,29106,192],{"class":66},[53,29108,323],{"class":228},[53,29110,15338],{"class":232},[53,29112,314],{"class":228},[53,29114,9197],{"class":66},[20,29116,29117],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[39,29119,29121],{"id":29120},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,29123,29124,29125,28349,29127,99],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,29126,12657],{},[34,29128,28352],{},[20,29130,211],{},[44,29132,29134],{"className":46,"code":29133,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,29135,29136,29180],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,29137,29138,29140,29142,29144,29146,29148,29150,29152,29154,29156,29158,29160,29162,29164,29166,29168,29170,29172,29174,29176,29178],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,29139,9053],{"class":59},[53,29141,31],{"class":63},[53,29143,10379],{"class":66},[53,29145,229],{"class":228},[53,29147,2060],{"class":232},[53,29149,229],{"class":228},[53,29151,192],{"class":66},[53,29153,5382],{"class":70},[53,29155,74],{"class":66},[53,29157,240],{"class":228},[53,29159,11635],{"class":232},[53,29161,229],{"class":228},[53,29163,192],{"class":66},[53,29165,77],{"class":70},[53,29167,74],{"class":66},[53,29169,240],{"class":228},[53,29171,21946],{"class":232},[53,29173,229],{"class":228},[53,29175,192],{"class":66},[53,29177,82],{"class":70},[53,29179,9197],{"class":66},[53,29181,29182,29184,29186,29188,29190,29192],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,29183,145],{"class":144},[53,29185,127],{"class":66},[53,29187,9092],{"class":102},[53,29189,99],{"class":66},[53,29191,28418],{"class":102},[53,29193,7081],{"class":66},[20,29195,29196],{},[34,29197,301],{},[44,29199,29201],{"className":46,"code":29200,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('z', 3)\n",[15,29202,29203],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,29204,29205,29207,29209,29211,29213,29215,29217],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,29206,127],{"class":66},[53,29208,314],{"class":228},[53,29210,21946],{"class":232},[53,29212,314],{"class":228},[53,29214,74],{"class":66},[53,29216,82],{"class":70},[53,29218,133],{"class":66},[20,29220,29221],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,29223,29224,29225,29227,29228,29230],{},"As a beginner, do ",[34,29226,36],{}," think of ",[15,29229,12657],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,29232,29233,29234,2076,29238,16942,29242,99],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[758,29235,29236],{"href":16945},[15,29237,16948],{},[758,29239,29240],{"href":16932},[15,29241,16935],{},[758,29243,29244],{"href":16938},[15,29245,16941],{},[39,29247,29249,29250,960,29252],{"id":29248},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,29251,12657],{},[15,29253,12650],{},[20,29255,29256,960,29258,29260],{},[15,29257,12657],{},[15,29259,12650],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[1327,29262,29263],{"id":28418},[15,29264,12657],{},[194,29266,29267,29270,29273],{},[197,29268,29269],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[197,29271,29272],{},"does not need a key argument",[197,29274,3577,29275],{},[15,29276,21524],{},[1327,29278,29279],{"id":26111},[15,29280,12650],{},[194,29282,29283,29286,29289],{},[197,29284,29285],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[197,29287,29288],{},"needs the key name",[197,29290,29291],{},"returns only the value",[20,29293,211],{},[44,29295,29297],{"className":46,"code":29296,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,29298,29299,29343,29347,29361,29381,29385,29407,29426,29430],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,29300,29301,29303,29305,29307,29309,29311,29313,29315,29317,29319,29321,29323,29325,29327,29329,29331,29333,29335,29337,29339,29341],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,29302,9053],{"class":59},[53,29304,31],{"class":63},[53,29306,10379],{"class":66},[53,29308,229],{"class":228},[53,29310,758],{"class":232},[53,29312,229],{"class":228},[53,29314,192],{"class":66},[53,29316,5382],{"class":70},[53,29318,74],{"class":66},[53,29320,240],{"class":228},[53,29322,1376],{"class":232},[53,29324,229],{"class":228},[53,29326,192],{"class":66},[53,29328,77],{"class":70},[53,29330,74],{"class":66},[53,29332,240],{"class":228},[53,29334,9628],{"class":232},[53,29336,229],{"class":228},[53,29338,192],{"class":66},[53,29340,82],{"class":70},[53,29342,9197],{"class":66},[53,29344,29345],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,29346,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,29348,29349,29351,29353,29355,29357,29359],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,29350,28409],{"class":59},[53,29352,31],{"class":63},[53,29354,14439],{"class":59},[53,29356,99],{"class":66},[53,29358,28418],{"class":102},[53,29360,106],{"class":66},[53,29362,29363,29365,29367,29369,29372,29374,29376,29379],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,29364,145],{"class":144},[53,29366,127],{"class":66},[53,29368,229],{"class":228},[53,29370,29371],{"class":232},"popitem():",[53,29373,229],{"class":228},[53,29375,74],{"class":66},[53,29377,29378],{"class":102}," item",[53,29380,133],{"class":66},[53,29382,29383],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,29384,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,29386,29387,29389,29391,29393,29395,29397,29399,29401,29403,29405],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,29388,2335],{"class":59},[53,29390,31],{"class":63},[53,29392,14439],{"class":59},[53,29394,99],{"class":66},[53,29396,26111],{"class":102},[53,29398,127],{"class":66},[53,29400,229],{"class":228},[53,29402,758],{"class":232},[53,29404,229],{"class":228},[53,29406,133],{"class":66},[53,29408,29409,29411,29413,29415,29418,29420,29422,29424],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,29410,145],{"class":144},[53,29412,127],{"class":66},[53,29414,229],{"class":228},[53,29416,29417],{"class":232},"pop('a'):",[53,29419,229],{"class":228},[53,29421,74],{"class":66},[53,29423,8319],{"class":102},[53,29425,133],{"class":66},[53,29427,29428],{"class":55,"line":6312},[53,29429,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,29431,29432,29434,29436,29438],{"class":55,"line":6318},[53,29433,145],{"class":144},[53,29435,127],{"class":66},[53,29437,9092],{"class":102},[53,29439,133],{"class":66},[20,29441,29442],{},[34,29443,301],{},[44,29445,29447],{"className":46,"code":29446,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,29448,29449,29470,29487],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,29450,29451,29453,29456,29458,29460,29462,29464,29466,29468],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,29452,28418],{"class":102},[53,29454,29455],{"class":66},"():",[53,29457,9124],{"class":66},[53,29459,314],{"class":228},[53,29461,9628],{"class":232},[53,29463,314],{"class":228},[53,29465,74],{"class":66},[53,29467,82],{"class":70},[53,29469,133],{"class":66},[53,29471,29472,29474,29476,29478,29480,29482,29484],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,29473,26111],{"class":102},[53,29475,127],{"class":66},[53,29477,314],{"class":228},[53,29479,758],{"class":232},[53,29481,314],{"class":228},[53,29483,16322],{"class":66},[53,29485,29486],{"class":70}," 1\n",[53,29488,29489,29491,29493,29495,29497,29499,29501],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,29490,9166],{"class":66},[53,29492,314],{"class":228},[53,29494,1376],{"class":232},[53,29496,314],{"class":228},[53,29498,192],{"class":66},[53,29500,77],{"class":70},[53,29502,9197],{"class":66},[20,29504,174,29505,29509],{},[758,29506,29507],{"href":12454},[15,29508,12650],{}," when you know the key.",[20,29511,174,29512,29514],{},[15,29513,12657],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[39,29516,29518],{"id":29517},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,29520,29521,29522,29524],{},"Calling ",[15,29523,12657],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[44,29526,29528],{"className":46,"code":29527,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29529,29530,29538],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,29531,29532,29534,29536],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,29533,9053],{"class":59},[53,29535,31],{"class":63},[53,29537,9727],{"class":66},[53,29539,29540,29542,29544,29546],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,29541,9092],{"class":59},[53,29543,99],{"class":66},[53,29545,28418],{"class":102},[53,29547,106],{"class":66},[20,29549,29550],{},[34,29551,29552],{},"Error:",[44,29554,29556],{"className":46,"code":29555,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,29557,29558],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,29559,29560,29562,29564,29566,29569],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,29561,19555],{"class":1704},[53,29563,192],{"class":66},[53,29565,323],{"class":228},[53,29567,29568],{"class":232},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[53,29570,29571],{"class":228},"'\n",[1327,29573,29575],{"id":29574},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[44,29577,29579],{"className":46,"code":29578,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,29580,29581,29589,29593,29601,29616,29626,29632],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,29582,29583,29585,29587],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,29584,9053],{"class":59},[53,29586,31],{"class":63},[53,29588,9727],{"class":66},[53,29590,29591],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,29592,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,29594,29595,29597,29599],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,29596,6884],{"class":3764},[53,29598,14439],{"class":59},[53,29600,6280],{"class":66},[53,29602,29603,29606,29608,29610,29612,29614],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,29604,29605],{"class":59},"    item ",[53,29607,31],{"class":63},[53,29609,14439],{"class":59},[53,29611,99],{"class":66},[53,29613,28418],{"class":102},[53,29615,106],{"class":66},[53,29617,29618,29620,29622,29624],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,29619,7954],{"class":144},[53,29621,127],{"class":66},[53,29623,23180],{"class":102},[53,29625,133],{"class":66},[53,29627,29628,29630],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,29629,27304],{"class":3764},[53,29631,6280],{"class":66},[53,29633,29634,29636,29638,29640,29643,29645],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,29635,7954],{"class":144},[53,29637,127],{"class":66},[53,29639,229],{"class":228},[53,29641,29642],{"class":232},"Dictionary is empty",[53,29644,229],{"class":228},[53,29646,133],{"class":66},[1327,29648,29650,29651],{"id":29649},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,29652,29653],{},"try-except",[44,29655,29657],{"className":46,"code":29656,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,29658,29659,29667,29671,29678,29692,29702,29712],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,29660,29661,29663,29665],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,29662,9053],{"class":59},[53,29664,31],{"class":63},[53,29666,9727],{"class":66},[53,29668,29669],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,29670,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,29672,29673,29676],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,29674,29675],{"class":3764},"try",[53,29677,6280],{"class":66},[53,29679,29680,29682,29684,29686,29688,29690],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,29681,29605],{"class":59},[53,29683,31],{"class":63},[53,29685,14439],{"class":59},[53,29687,99],{"class":66},[53,29689,28418],{"class":102},[53,29691,106],{"class":66},[53,29693,29694,29696,29698,29700],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,29695,7954],{"class":144},[53,29697,127],{"class":66},[53,29699,23180],{"class":102},[53,29701,133],{"class":66},[53,29703,29704,29707,29710],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,29705,29706],{"class":3764},"except",[53,29708,29709],{"class":1704}," KeyError",[53,29711,6280],{"class":66},[53,29713,29714,29716,29718,29720,29723,29725],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,29715,7954],{"class":144},[53,29717,127],{"class":66},[53,29719,229],{"class":228},[53,29721,29722],{"class":232},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[53,29724,229],{"class":228},[53,29726,133],{"class":66},[20,29728,29729,29730,99],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[758,29731,25549,29733],{"href":29732},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,29734,29735],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[39,29737,1145,29739],{"id":29738},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,29740,12657],{},[20,29742,29743,29745],{},[15,29744,12657],{}," is useful when:",[194,29747,29748,29751,29754],{},[197,29749,29750],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[197,29752,29753],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[197,29755,29756],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,29758,29759],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[44,29761,29763],{"className":46,"code":29762,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,29764,29765,29774,29794,29814,29832,29836,29840,29850,29869],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,29766,29767,29770,29772],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,29768,29769],{"class":59},"tasks ",[53,29771,31],{"class":63},[53,29773,11382],{"class":66},[53,29775,29776,29778,29781,29783,29785,29787,29790,29792],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,29777,11387],{"class":228},[53,29779,29780],{"class":232},"first",[53,29782,229],{"class":228},[53,29784,192],{"class":66},[53,29786,240],{"class":228},[53,29788,29789],{"class":232},"wash dishes",[53,29791,229],{"class":228},[53,29793,11403],{"class":66},[53,29795,29796,29798,29801,29803,29805,29807,29810,29812],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,29797,11387],{"class":228},[53,29799,29800],{"class":232},"second",[53,29802,229],{"class":228},[53,29804,192],{"class":66},[53,29806,240],{"class":228},[53,29808,29809],{"class":232},"do homework",[53,29811,229],{"class":228},[53,29813,11403],{"class":66},[53,29815,29816,29818,29821,29823,29825,29827,29830],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,29817,11387],{"class":228},[53,29819,29820],{"class":232},"third",[53,29822,229],{"class":228},[53,29824,192],{"class":66},[53,29826,240],{"class":228},[53,29828,29829],{"class":232},"read book",[53,29831,1682],{"class":228},[53,29833,29834],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,29835,9197],{"class":66},[53,29837,29838],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,29839,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,29841,29842,29845,29848],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,29843,29844],{"class":3764},"while",[53,29846,29847],{"class":59}," tasks",[53,29849,6280],{"class":66},[53,29851,29852,29855,29857,29859,29861,29863,29865,29867],{"class":55,"line":6312},[53,29853,29854],{"class":59},"    key",[53,29856,74],{"class":66},[53,29858,21453],{"class":59},[53,29860,31],{"class":63},[53,29862,29847],{"class":59},[53,29864,99],{"class":66},[53,29866,28418],{"class":102},[53,29868,106],{"class":66},[53,29870,29871,29873,29875,29877,29879,29881,29883,29885,29887,29889,29891,29893,29895],{"class":55,"line":6318},[53,29872,7954],{"class":144},[53,29874,127],{"class":66},[53,29876,22163],{"class":1954},[53,29878,229],{"class":232},[53,29880,9166],{"class":70},[53,29882,14714],{"class":102},[53,29884,22172],{"class":70},[53,29886,22175],{"class":232},[53,29888,9166],{"class":70},[53,29890,2360],{"class":102},[53,29892,22172],{"class":70},[53,29894,229],{"class":232},[53,29896,133],{"class":66},[20,29898,29899],{},[34,29900,29901],{},"Possible output:",[44,29903,29905],{"className":46,"code":29904,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,29906,29907,29916,29925],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,29908,29909,29911,29913],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,29910,29820],{"class":59},[53,29912,192],{"class":66},[53,29914,29915],{"class":59}," read book\n",[53,29917,29918,29920,29922],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,29919,29800],{"class":59},[53,29921,192],{"class":66},[53,29923,29924],{"class":59}," do homework\n",[53,29926,29927,29929,29931],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,29928,29780],{"class":59},[53,29930,192],{"class":66},[53,29932,29933],{"class":59}," wash dishes\n",[20,29935,28932,29936,29938],{},[15,29937,12657],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[39,29940,2716],{"id":2715},[20,29942,14606,29943,192],{},[15,29944,12657],{},[194,29946,29947,29961,29980,29991],{},[197,29948,29949,29954],{},[34,29950,29521,29951,29953],{},[15,29952,12657],{}," on an empty dictionary",[194,29955,29956],{},[197,29957,29958,29959,99],{},"This raises ",[15,29960,19555],{},[197,29962,29963,29968],{},[34,29964,8339,29965,29967],{},[15,29966,12657],{}," to remove a specific key",[194,29969,29970,29973],{},[197,29971,29972],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[197,29974,174,29975,29979],{},[758,29976,29977],{"href":12454},[15,29978,12650],{}," if you need that.",[197,29981,29982,29986],{},[34,29983,4590,29984,27570],{},[15,29985,12657],{},[194,29987,29988],{},[197,29989,29990],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[197,29992,29993,29996],{},[34,29994,29995],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[194,29997,29998],{},[197,29999,30000,21844,30002,30004],{},[15,30001,12657],{},[15,30003,21524],{}," tuple.",[20,30006,30007],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[44,30009,30011],{"className":46,"code":30010,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,30012,30013,30023,30037,30041,30055],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,30014,30015,30017,30019,30021],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,30016,145],{"class":144},[53,30018,127],{"class":66},[53,30020,11338],{"class":102},[53,30022,133],{"class":66},[53,30024,30025,30027,30029,30031,30033,30035],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,30026,145],{"class":144},[53,30028,127],{"class":66},[53,30030,11050],{"class":144},[53,30032,127],{"class":66},[53,30034,11338],{"class":102},[53,30036,1713],{"class":66},[53,30038,30039],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,30040,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,30042,30043,30045,30047,30049,30051,30053],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,30044,28409],{"class":59},[53,30046,31],{"class":63},[53,30048,11656],{"class":59},[53,30050,99],{"class":66},[53,30052,28418],{"class":102},[53,30054,106],{"class":66},[53,30056,30057,30059,30061,30063],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,30058,145],{"class":144},[53,30060,127],{"class":66},[53,30062,23180],{"class":102},[53,30064,133],{"class":66},[20,30066,30067],{},"Or with unpacking:",[44,30069,30071],{"className":46,"code":30070,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,30072,30073,30091,30101],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,30074,30075,30077,30079,30081,30083,30085,30087,30089],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,30076,14714],{"class":59},[53,30078,74],{"class":66},[53,30080,21453],{"class":59},[53,30082,31],{"class":63},[53,30084,11656],{"class":59},[53,30086,99],{"class":66},[53,30088,28418],{"class":102},[53,30090,106],{"class":66},[53,30092,30093,30095,30097,30099],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,30094,145],{"class":144},[53,30096,127],{"class":66},[53,30098,14714],{"class":102},[53,30100,133],{"class":66},[53,30102,30103,30105,30107,30109],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,30104,145],{"class":144},[53,30106,127],{"class":66},[53,30108,2360],{"class":102},[53,30110,133],{"class":66},[39,30112,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,30114,5025,30116,5028],{"id":30115},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,30117,12657],{},[20,30119,30120,30121,99],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,30122,30123],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[1327,30125,1729,30127,30129],{"id":30126},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,30128,12657],{}," remove the last item?",[20,30131,30132],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[1327,30134,30136,30137,30139],{"id":30135},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,30138,12657],{}," removes?",[20,30141,30142,30143,30147],{},"No. Use ",[758,30144,30145],{"href":12454},[15,30146,12650],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[1327,30149,1729,30151,14769],{"id":30150},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,30152,12657],{},[20,30154,30155],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[1327,30157,30159,30160,30162],{"id":30158},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,30161,12657],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,30164,30165,30166,30168,30169,99],{},"It raises ",[15,30167,19555],{}," with the message ",[15,30170,29568],{},[39,30172,1788],{"id":1787},[194,30174,30175,30182,30188,30194,30200,30207,30211,30215],{},[197,30176,30177],{},[758,30178,30179,30181],{"href":12454},[15,30180,12650],{}," method for dictionaries",[197,30183,30184],{},[758,30185,30186,30181],{"href":16945},[15,30187,16948],{},[197,30189,30190],{},[758,30191,30192,30181],{"href":16932},[15,30193,16935],{},[197,30195,30196],{},[758,30197,30198,30181],{"href":16938},[15,30199,16941],{},[197,30201,30202],{},[758,30203,30205,30181],{"href":30204},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,30206,11210],{},[197,30208,30209],{},[758,30210,12673],{"href":12461},[197,30212,30213],{},[758,30214,21326],{"href":16467},[197,30216,30217],{},[758,30218,30219,30220],{"href":29732},"Fix ",[15,30221,29735],{},[1817,30223,30224],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":30226},[30227,30228,30230,30231,30232,30233,30234,30235,30240,30245,30247,30248,30260],{"id":41,"depth":88,"text":42},{"id":28505,"depth":88,"text":30229},"What popitem() does",{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372},{"id":28575,"depth":88,"text":28576},{"id":11363,"depth":88,"text":11364},{"id":28928,"depth":88,"text":28929},{"id":29120,"depth":88,"text":29121},{"id":29248,"depth":88,"text":30236,"children":30237},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30238,30239],{"id":28418,"depth":109,"text":12657},{"id":26111,"depth":109,"text":12650},{"id":29517,"depth":88,"text":29518,"children":30241},[30242,30243],{"id":29574,"depth":109,"text":29575},{"id":29649,"depth":109,"text":30244},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":29738,"depth":88,"text":30246},"When to use popitem()",{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":30249},[30250,30252,30254,30256,30258],{"id":30115,"depth":109,"text":30251},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30126,"depth":109,"text":30253},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30135,"depth":109,"text":30255},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30150,"depth":109,"text":30257},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30158,"depth":109,"text":30259},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28244,"description":30261},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30268,"title":30269,"body":30270,"description":32173,"extension":1853,"meta":32174,"navigation":112,"path":13908,"seo":32175,"stem":32176,"__hash__":32177},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30271,"toc":32145},[30272,30277,30282,30285,30287,30384,30389,30394,30399,30402,30410,30413,30428,30430,30530,30532,30589,30593,30595,30598,30618,30623,30634,30637,30664,30667,30669,30726,30728,30749,30755,30760,30763,30774,30776,30884,30886,30939,30941,30953,30960,30966,30971,30974,31062,31064,31109,31112,31120,31123,31126,31195,31198,31201,31205,31208,31279,31281,31334,31337,31340,31343,31358,31361,31373,31376,31439,31441,31447,31449,31451,31530,31532,31573,31575,31640,31642,31679,31684,31689,31693,31707,31710,31833,31835,31920,31925,31927,31931,31953,31956,32036,32039,32058,32063,32065,32071,32076,32082,32085,32091,32094,32100,32105,32111,32117,32119,32142],[10,30273,11207,30275,18],{"id":30274},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,30276,14825],{},[20,30278,1870,30279,30281],{},[15,30280,14825],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,30283,30284],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[39,30286,42],{"id":41},[44,30288,30290],{"className":46,"code":30289,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,30291,30292,30328,30369,30379],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,30293,30294,30296,30298,30300,30302,30304,30306,30308,30310,30312,30314,30316,30318,30320,30322,30324,30326],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,30295,13083],{"class":59},[53,30297,31],{"class":63},[53,30299,10379],{"class":66},[53,30301,229],{"class":228},[53,30303,1710],{"class":232},[53,30305,229],{"class":228},[53,30307,192],{"class":66},[53,30309,240],{"class":228},[53,30311,12765],{"class":232},[53,30313,229],{"class":228},[53,30315,74],{"class":66},[53,30317,240],{"class":228},[53,30319,9187],{"class":232},[53,30321,229],{"class":228},[53,30323,192],{"class":66},[53,30325,1193],{"class":70},[53,30327,9197],{"class":66},[53,30329,30330,30332,30334,30337,30339,30341,30343,30345,30347,30350,30352,30354,30356,30358,30360,30362,30364,30366],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,30331,17177],{"class":59},[53,30333,99],{"class":66},[53,30335,30336],{"class":102},"update",[53,30338,5414],{"class":66},[53,30340,229],{"class":228},[53,30342,9187],{"class":232},[53,30344,229],{"class":228},[53,30346,192],{"class":66},[53,30348,30349],{"class":70}," 21",[53,30351,74],{"class":66},[53,30353,240],{"class":228},[53,30355,10297],{"class":232},[53,30357,229],{"class":228},[53,30359,192],{"class":66},[53,30361,240],{"class":228},[53,30363,15902],{"class":232},[53,30365,229],{"class":228},[53,30367,30368],{"class":66},"})\n",[53,30370,30371,30373,30375,30377],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,30372,145],{"class":144},[53,30374,127],{"class":66},[53,30376,17177],{"class":102},[53,30378,133],{"class":66},[53,30380,30381],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,30382,30383],{"class":156},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,30385,174,30386,30388],{},[15,30387,14825],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[39,30390,184,30392,187],{"id":30391},"what-update-does",[15,30393,14825],{},[20,30395,30396,30398],{},[15,30397,14825],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,30400,30401],{},"It can do two main things:",[194,30403,30404,30407],{},[197,30405,30406],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[197,30408,30409],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,30411,30412],{},"Important things to know:",[194,30414,30415,30418,30421,30425],{},[197,30416,30417],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[197,30419,30420],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[197,30422,5031,30423],{},[15,30424,3664],{},[197,30426,30427],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,30429,211],{},[44,30431,30433],{"className":46,"code":30432,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,30434,30435,30477,30520],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,30436,30437,30439,30441,30443,30445,30447,30449,30451,30453,30456,30458,30460,30462,30464,30466,30468,30470,30473,30475],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,30438,12748],{"class":59},[53,30440,31],{"class":63},[53,30442,10379],{"class":66},[53,30444,229],{"class":228},[53,30446,1710],{"class":232},[53,30448,229],{"class":228},[53,30450,192],{"class":66},[53,30452,240],{"class":228},[53,30454,30455],{"class":232},"Mira",[53,30457,229],{"class":228},[53,30459,74],{"class":66},[53,30461,240],{"class":228},[53,30463,19759],{"class":232},[53,30465,229],{"class":228},[53,30467,192],{"class":66},[53,30469,240],{"class":228},[53,30471,30472],{"class":232},"B",[53,30474,229],{"class":228},[53,30476,9197],{"class":66},[53,30478,30479,30481,30483,30485,30487,30489,30491,30493,30495,30497,30499,30501,30503,30505,30507,30509,30511,30513,30516,30518],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,30480,13503],{"class":59},[53,30482,99],{"class":66},[53,30484,30336],{"class":102},[53,30486,5414],{"class":66},[53,30488,229],{"class":228},[53,30490,19759],{"class":232},[53,30492,229],{"class":228},[53,30494,192],{"class":66},[53,30496,240],{"class":228},[53,30498,22114],{"class":232},[53,30500,229],{"class":228},[53,30502,74],{"class":66},[53,30504,240],{"class":228},[53,30506,10297],{"class":232},[53,30508,229],{"class":228},[53,30510,192],{"class":66},[53,30512,240],{"class":228},[53,30514,30515],{"class":232},"Quito",[53,30517,229],{"class":228},[53,30519,30368],{"class":66},[53,30521,30522,30524,30526,30528],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,30523,145],{"class":144},[53,30525,127],{"class":66},[53,30527,13503],{"class":102},[53,30529,133],{"class":66},[20,30531,301],{},[44,30533,30535],{"className":46,"code":30534,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30536,30537],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,30538,30539,30541,30543,30545,30547,30549,30551,30553,30555,30557,30559,30561,30563,30565,30567,30569,30571,30573,30575,30577,30579,30581,30583,30585,30587],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,30540,9166],{"class":66},[53,30542,314],{"class":228},[53,30544,1710],{"class":232},[53,30546,314],{"class":228},[53,30548,192],{"class":66},[53,30550,323],{"class":228},[53,30552,30455],{"class":232},[53,30554,314],{"class":228},[53,30556,74],{"class":66},[53,30558,323],{"class":228},[53,30560,19759],{"class":232},[53,30562,314],{"class":228},[53,30564,192],{"class":66},[53,30566,323],{"class":228},[53,30568,22114],{"class":232},[53,30570,314],{"class":228},[53,30572,74],{"class":66},[53,30574,323],{"class":228},[53,30576,10297],{"class":232},[53,30578,314],{"class":228},[53,30580,192],{"class":66},[53,30582,323],{"class":228},[53,30584,30515],{"class":232},[53,30586,314],{"class":228},[53,30588,9197],{"class":66},[20,30590,9039,30591,99],{},[758,30592,24498],{"href":9279},[39,30594,372],{"id":371},[20,30596,30597],{},"The basic form is:",[44,30599,30601],{"className":46,"code":30600,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,30602,30603],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,30604,30605,30607,30609,30611,30613,30616],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,30606,15475],{"class":59},[53,30608,99],{"class":66},[53,30610,30336],{"class":102},[53,30612,127],{"class":66},[53,30614,30615],{"class":102},"other",[53,30617,133],{"class":66},[20,30619,30620,30622],{},[15,30621,30615],{}," can be:",[194,30624,30625,30628,30631],{},[197,30626,30627],{},"Another dictionary",[197,30629,30630],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[197,30632,30633],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,30635,30636],{},"You can also use:",[44,30638,30640],{"className":46,"code":30639,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,30641,30642],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,30643,30644,30646,30648,30650,30652,30654,30656,30658,30660,30662],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,30645,15475],{"class":59},[53,30647,99],{"class":66},[53,30649,30336],{"class":102},[53,30651,127],{"class":66},[53,30653,1710],{"class":9063},[53,30655,31],{"class":63},[53,30657,229],{"class":228},[53,30659,7564],{"class":232},[53,30661,229],{"class":228},[53,30663,133],{"class":66},[20,30665,30666],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,30668,211],{},[44,30670,30672],{"className":46,"code":30671,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,30673,30674,30694,30716],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,30675,30676,30678,30680,30682,30684,30686,30688,30690,30692],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,30677,9053],{"class":59},[53,30679,31],{"class":63},[53,30681,10379],{"class":66},[53,30683,229],{"class":228},[53,30685,758],{"class":232},[53,30687,229],{"class":228},[53,30689,192],{"class":66},[53,30691,5382],{"class":70},[53,30693,9197],{"class":66},[53,30695,30696,30698,30700,30702,30704,30706,30708,30710,30712,30714],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,30697,9092],{"class":59},[53,30699,99],{"class":66},[53,30701,30336],{"class":102},[53,30703,5414],{"class":66},[53,30705,229],{"class":228},[53,30707,758],{"class":232},[53,30709,229],{"class":228},[53,30711,192],{"class":66},[53,30713,5890],{"class":70},[53,30715,30368],{"class":66},[53,30717,30718,30720,30722,30724],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,30719,145],{"class":144},[53,30721,127],{"class":66},[53,30723,9092],{"class":102},[53,30725,133],{"class":66},[20,30727,301],{},[44,30729,30731],{"className":46,"code":30730,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,30732,30733],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,30734,30735,30737,30739,30741,30743,30745,30747],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,30736,9166],{"class":66},[53,30738,314],{"class":228},[53,30740,758],{"class":232},[53,30742,314],{"class":228},[53,30744,192],{"class":66},[53,30746,5890],{"class":70},[53,30748,9197],{"class":66},[39,30750,485,30752,30754],{"id":30751},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,30753,14825],{}," with another dictionary",[20,30756,30757,30758,99],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,30759,14825],{},[20,30761,30762],{},"It is useful when:",[194,30764,30765,30768,30771],{},[197,30766,30767],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[197,30769,30770],{},"Adding extra settings",[197,30772,30773],{},"Updating stored data",[20,30775,211],{},[44,30777,30779],{"className":46,"code":30778,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,30780,30781,30818,30855,30859,30874],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,30782,30783,30785,30787,30789,30791,30793,30795,30797,30799,30801,30803,30805,30807,30809,30811,30813,30816],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,30784,13701],{"class":59},[53,30786,31],{"class":63},[53,30788,10379],{"class":66},[53,30790,229],{"class":228},[53,30792,12382],{"class":232},[53,30794,229],{"class":228},[53,30796,192],{"class":66},[53,30798,240],{"class":228},[53,30800,20796],{"class":232},[53,30802,229],{"class":228},[53,30804,74],{"class":66},[53,30806,240],{"class":228},[53,30808,13726],{"class":232},[53,30810,229],{"class":228},[53,30812,192],{"class":66},[53,30814,30815],{"class":70}," 12",[53,30817,9197],{"class":66},[53,30819,30820,30823,30825,30827,30829,30831,30833,30835,30837,30839,30841,30843,30845,30847,30849,30851,30853],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,30821,30822],{"class":59},"new_settings ",[53,30824,31],{"class":63},[53,30826,10379],{"class":66},[53,30828,229],{"class":228},[53,30830,13726],{"class":232},[53,30832,229],{"class":228},[53,30834,192],{"class":66},[53,30836,13733],{"class":70},[53,30838,74],{"class":66},[53,30840,240],{"class":228},[53,30842,19991],{"class":232},[53,30844,229],{"class":228},[53,30846,192],{"class":66},[53,30848,240],{"class":228},[53,30850,20025],{"class":232},[53,30852,229],{"class":228},[53,30854,9197],{"class":66},[53,30856,30857],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,30858,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,30860,30861,30863,30865,30867,30869,30872],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,30862,13760],{"class":59},[53,30864,99],{"class":66},[53,30866,30336],{"class":102},[53,30868,127],{"class":66},[53,30870,30871],{"class":102},"new_settings",[53,30873,133],{"class":66},[53,30875,30876,30878,30880,30882],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,30877,145],{"class":144},[53,30879,127],{"class":66},[53,30881,13760],{"class":102},[53,30883,133],{"class":66},[20,30885,301],{},[44,30887,30889],{"className":46,"code":30888,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,30890,30891],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,30892,30893,30895,30897,30899,30901,30903,30905,30907,30909,30911,30913,30915,30917,30919,30921,30923,30925,30927,30929,30931,30933,30935,30937],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,30894,9166],{"class":66},[53,30896,314],{"class":228},[53,30898,12382],{"class":232},[53,30900,314],{"class":228},[53,30902,192],{"class":66},[53,30904,323],{"class":228},[53,30906,20796],{"class":232},[53,30908,314],{"class":228},[53,30910,74],{"class":66},[53,30912,323],{"class":228},[53,30914,13726],{"class":232},[53,30916,314],{"class":228},[53,30918,192],{"class":66},[53,30920,13733],{"class":70},[53,30922,74],{"class":66},[53,30924,323],{"class":228},[53,30926,19991],{"class":232},[53,30928,314],{"class":228},[53,30930,192],{"class":66},[53,30932,323],{"class":228},[53,30934,20025],{"class":232},[53,30936,314],{"class":228},[53,30938,9197],{"class":66},[20,30940,13288],{},[194,30942,30943,30948],{},[197,30944,30945,30947],{},[15,30946,13726],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[197,30949,30950,30952],{},[15,30951,19991],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,30954,30955,30956,99],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[758,30957,30959],{"href":30958},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[39,30961,485,30963,30965],{"id":30962},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,30964,14825],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,30967,30968,30970],{},[15,30969,14825],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,30972,30973],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[44,30975,30977],{"className":46,"code":30976,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,30978,30979,30999,31034,31038,31052],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,30980,30981,30983,30985,30987,30989,30991,30993,30995,30997],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,30982,1181],{"class":59},[53,30984,31],{"class":63},[53,30986,10379],{"class":66},[53,30988,229],{"class":228},[53,30990,18284],{"class":232},[53,30992,229],{"class":228},[53,30994,192],{"class":66},[53,30996,19766],{"class":70},[53,30998,9197],{"class":66},[53,31000,31001,31003,31005,31007,31009,31011,31013,31015,31017,31019,31021,31023,31026,31028,31030,31032],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,31002,9103],{"class":59},[53,31004,31],{"class":63},[53,31006,9108],{"class":66},[53,31008,229],{"class":228},[53,31010,18293],{"class":232},[53,31012,229],{"class":228},[53,31014,74],{"class":66},[53,31016,13386],{"class":70},[53,31018,9121],{"class":66},[53,31020,9124],{"class":66},[53,31022,229],{"class":228},[53,31024,31025],{"class":232},"english",[53,31027,229],{"class":228},[53,31029,74],{"class":66},[53,31031,28791],{"class":70},[53,31033,9137],{"class":66},[53,31035,31036],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,31037,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,31039,31040,31042,31044,31046,31048,31050],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,31041,1225],{"class":59},[53,31043,99],{"class":66},[53,31045,30336],{"class":102},[53,31047,127],{"class":66},[53,31049,9150],{"class":102},[53,31051,133],{"class":66},[53,31053,31054,31056,31058,31060],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,31055,145],{"class":144},[53,31057,127],{"class":66},[53,31059,1225],{"class":102},[53,31061,133],{"class":66},[20,31063,301],{},[44,31065,31067],{"className":46,"code":31066,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,31068,31069],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,31070,31071,31073,31075,31077,31079,31081,31083,31085,31087,31089,31091,31093,31095,31097,31099,31101,31103,31105,31107],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,31072,9166],{"class":66},[53,31074,314],{"class":228},[53,31076,18284],{"class":232},[53,31078,314],{"class":228},[53,31080,192],{"class":66},[53,31082,19766],{"class":70},[53,31084,74],{"class":66},[53,31086,323],{"class":228},[53,31088,18293],{"class":232},[53,31090,314],{"class":228},[53,31092,192],{"class":66},[53,31094,13386],{"class":70},[53,31096,74],{"class":66},[53,31098,323],{"class":228},[53,31100,31025],{"class":232},[53,31102,314],{"class":228},[53,31104,192],{"class":66},[53,31106,28791],{"class":70},[53,31108,9197],{"class":66},[20,31110,31111],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[194,31113,31114,31117],{},[197,31115,31116],{},"The key",[197,31118,31119],{},"The value",[20,31121,31122],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,31124,31125],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[44,31127,31129],{"className":46,"code":31128,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,31130,31131,31151,31176,31180],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,31132,31133,31135,31137,31139,31141,31143,31145,31147,31149],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,31134,9053],{"class":59},[53,31136,31],{"class":63},[53,31138,10379],{"class":66},[53,31140,229],{"class":228},[53,31142,758],{"class":232},[53,31144,229],{"class":228},[53,31146,192],{"class":66},[53,31148,5382],{"class":70},[53,31150,9197],{"class":66},[53,31152,31153,31156,31158,31160,31162,31164,31166,31168,31170,31172,31174],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,31154,31155],{"class":59},"bad_pairs ",[53,31157,31],{"class":63},[53,31159,9108],{"class":66},[53,31161,229],{"class":228},[53,31163,1376],{"class":232},[53,31165,229],{"class":228},[53,31167,74],{"class":66},[53,31169,77],{"class":70},[53,31171,74],{"class":66},[53,31173,82],{"class":70},[53,31175,9137],{"class":66},[53,31177,31178],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,31179,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,31181,31182,31184,31186,31188,31190,31193],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,31183,9092],{"class":59},[53,31185,99],{"class":66},[53,31187,30336],{"class":102},[53,31189,127],{"class":66},[53,31191,31192],{"class":102},"bad_pairs",[53,31194,133],{"class":66},[20,31196,31197],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,31199,31200],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[39,31202,31204],{"id":31203},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,31206,31207],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[44,31209,31211],{"className":46,"code":31210,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,31212,31213,31237,31269],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,31214,31215,31217,31219,31221,31223,31225,31227,31229,31231,31233,31235],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,31216,11377],{"class":59},[53,31218,31],{"class":63},[53,31220,10379],{"class":66},[53,31222,229],{"class":228},[53,31224,1710],{"class":232},[53,31226,229],{"class":228},[53,31228,192],{"class":66},[53,31230,240],{"class":228},[53,31232,28784],{"class":232},[53,31234,229],{"class":228},[53,31236,9197],{"class":66},[53,31238,31239,31241,31243,31245,31247,31249,31251,31253,31255,31258,31260,31262,31265,31267],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,31240,11471],{"class":59},[53,31242,99],{"class":66},[53,31244,30336],{"class":102},[53,31246,127],{"class":66},[53,31248,9187],{"class":9063},[53,31250,31],{"class":63},[53,31252,9081],{"class":70},[53,31254,74],{"class":66},[53,31256,31257],{"class":9063}," city",[53,31259,31],{"class":63},[53,31261,229],{"class":228},[53,31263,31264],{"class":232},"Madrid",[53,31266,229],{"class":228},[53,31268,133],{"class":66},[53,31270,31271,31273,31275,31277],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,31272,145],{"class":144},[53,31274,127],{"class":66},[53,31276,11471],{"class":102},[53,31278,133],{"class":66},[20,31280,301],{},[44,31282,31284],{"className":46,"code":31283,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,31285,31286],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,31287,31288,31290,31292,31294,31296,31298,31300,31302,31304,31306,31308,31310,31312,31314,31316,31318,31320,31322,31324,31326,31328,31330,31332],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,31289,9166],{"class":66},[53,31291,314],{"class":228},[53,31293,1710],{"class":232},[53,31295,314],{"class":228},[53,31297,192],{"class":66},[53,31299,323],{"class":228},[53,31301,28784],{"class":232},[53,31303,314],{"class":228},[53,31305,74],{"class":66},[53,31307,323],{"class":228},[53,31309,9187],{"class":232},[53,31311,314],{"class":228},[53,31313,192],{"class":66},[53,31315,9194],{"class":70},[53,31317,74],{"class":66},[53,31319,323],{"class":228},[53,31321,10297],{"class":232},[53,31323,314],{"class":228},[53,31325,192],{"class":66},[53,31327,323],{"class":228},[53,31329,31264],{"class":232},[53,31331,314],{"class":228},[53,31333,9197],{"class":66},[20,31335,31336],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,31338,31339],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,31341,31342],{},"These work:",[194,31344,31345,31349,31353],{},[197,31346,31347],{},[15,31348,9187],{},[197,31350,31351],{},[15,31352,10297],{},[197,31354,31355],{},[15,31356,31357],{},"first_name",[20,31359,31360],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[194,31362,31363,31368],{},[197,31364,31365],{},[15,31366,31367],{},"\"first name\"",[197,31369,31370],{},[15,31371,31372],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,31374,31375],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[44,31377,31379],{"className":46,"code":31378,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,31380,31381,31389,31429],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,31382,31383,31385,31387],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,31384,11377],{"class":59},[53,31386,31],{"class":63},[53,31388,9727],{"class":66},[53,31390,31391,31393,31395,31397,31399,31401,31403,31405,31407,31409,31411,31413,31415,31417,31420,31422,31424,31427],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,31392,11471],{"class":59},[53,31394,99],{"class":66},[53,31396,30336],{"class":102},[53,31398,5414],{"class":66},[53,31400,229],{"class":228},[53,31402,10401],{"class":232},[53,31404,229],{"class":228},[53,31406,192],{"class":66},[53,31408,240],{"class":228},[53,31410,28784],{"class":232},[53,31412,229],{"class":228},[53,31414,74],{"class":66},[53,31416,240],{"class":228},[53,31418,31419],{"class":232},"user-id",[53,31421,229],{"class":228},[53,31423,192],{"class":66},[53,31425,31426],{"class":70}," 1001",[53,31428,30368],{"class":66},[53,31430,31431,31433,31435,31437],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,31432,145],{"class":144},[53,31434,127],{"class":66},[53,31436,11471],{"class":102},[53,31438,133],{"class":66},[39,31440,998],{"id":997},[20,31442,31443,2285,31445,99],{},[15,31444,14825],{},[15,31446,3664],{},[20,31448,13924],{},[20,31450,24578],{},[44,31452,31454],{"className":46,"code":31453,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,31455,31456,31480,31506,31510,31520],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,31457,31458,31460,31462,31464,31466,31468,31470,31472,31474,31476,31478],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,31459,13083],{"class":59},[53,31461,31],{"class":63},[53,31463,10379],{"class":66},[53,31465,229],{"class":228},[53,31467,1710],{"class":232},[53,31469,229],{"class":228},[53,31471,192],{"class":66},[53,31473,240],{"class":228},[53,31475,12765],{"class":232},[53,31477,229],{"class":228},[53,31479,9197],{"class":66},[53,31481,31482,31484,31486,31488,31490,31492,31494,31496,31498,31500,31502,31504],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,31483,2117],{"class":59},[53,31485,31],{"class":63},[53,31487,13126],{"class":59},[53,31489,99],{"class":66},[53,31491,30336],{"class":102},[53,31493,5414],{"class":66},[53,31495,229],{"class":228},[53,31497,9187],{"class":232},[53,31499,229],{"class":228},[53,31501,192],{"class":66},[53,31503,1193],{"class":70},[53,31505,30368],{"class":66},[53,31507,31508],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,31509,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,31511,31512,31514,31516,31518],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,31513,145],{"class":144},[53,31515,127],{"class":66},[53,31517,2152],{"class":102},[53,31519,133],{"class":66},[53,31521,31522,31524,31526,31528],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,31523,145],{"class":144},[53,31525,127],{"class":66},[53,31527,17177],{"class":102},[53,31529,133],{"class":66},[20,31531,301],{},[44,31533,31535],{"className":46,"code":31534,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31536,31537,31541],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,31538,31539],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,31540,11698],{"class":3739},[53,31542,31543,31545,31547,31549,31551,31553,31555,31557,31559,31561,31563,31565,31567,31569,31571],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,31544,9166],{"class":66},[53,31546,314],{"class":228},[53,31548,1710],{"class":232},[53,31550,314],{"class":228},[53,31552,192],{"class":66},[53,31554,323],{"class":228},[53,31556,12765],{"class":232},[53,31558,314],{"class":228},[53,31560,74],{"class":66},[53,31562,323],{"class":228},[53,31564,9187],{"class":232},[53,31566,314],{"class":228},[53,31568,192],{"class":66},[53,31570,1193],{"class":70},[53,31572,9197],{"class":66},[20,31574,1015],{},[44,31576,31578],{"className":46,"code":31577,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,31579,31580,31604,31626,31630],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,31581,31582,31584,31586,31588,31590,31592,31594,31596,31598,31600,31602],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,31583,13083],{"class":59},[53,31585,31],{"class":63},[53,31587,10379],{"class":66},[53,31589,229],{"class":228},[53,31591,1710],{"class":232},[53,31593,229],{"class":228},[53,31595,192],{"class":66},[53,31597,240],{"class":228},[53,31599,12765],{"class":232},[53,31601,229],{"class":228},[53,31603,9197],{"class":66},[53,31605,31606,31608,31610,31612,31614,31616,31618,31620,31622,31624],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,31607,17177],{"class":59},[53,31609,99],{"class":66},[53,31611,30336],{"class":102},[53,31613,5414],{"class":66},[53,31615,229],{"class":228},[53,31617,9187],{"class":232},[53,31619,229],{"class":228},[53,31621,192],{"class":66},[53,31623,1193],{"class":70},[53,31625,30368],{"class":66},[53,31627,31628],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,31629,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,31631,31632,31634,31636,31638],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,31633,145],{"class":144},[53,31635,127],{"class":66},[53,31637,17177],{"class":102},[53,31639,133],{"class":66},[20,31641,301],{},[44,31643,31645],{"className":46,"code":31644,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31646,31647],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,31648,31649,31651,31653,31655,31657,31659,31661,31663,31665,31667,31669,31671,31673,31675,31677],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,31650,9166],{"class":66},[53,31652,314],{"class":228},[53,31654,1710],{"class":232},[53,31656,314],{"class":228},[53,31658,192],{"class":66},[53,31660,323],{"class":228},[53,31662,12765],{"class":232},[53,31664,314],{"class":228},[53,31666,74],{"class":66},[53,31668,323],{"class":228},[53,31670,9187],{"class":232},[53,31672,314],{"class":228},[53,31674,192],{"class":66},[53,31676,1193],{"class":70},[53,31678,9197],{"class":66},[20,31680,31681,31682,99],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[758,31683,17772],{"href":10619},[39,31685,1145,31687],{"id":31686},"when-to-use-update",[15,31688,14825],{},[20,31690,174,31691,1152],{},[15,31692,14825],{},[194,31694,31695,31698,31701,31704],{},[197,31696,31697],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[197,31699,31700],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[197,31702,31703],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[197,31705,31706],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,31708,31709],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[44,31711,31713],{"className":46,"code":31712,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,31714,31715,31751,31766,31770,31809,31813,31823],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,31716,31717,31719,31721,31723,31725,31727,31729,31731,31733,31735,31737,31739,31741,31743,31745,31747,31749],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,31718,796],{"class":59},[53,31720,31],{"class":63},[53,31722,10379],{"class":66},[53,31724,229],{"class":228},[53,31726,1710],{"class":232},[53,31728,229],{"class":228},[53,31730,192],{"class":66},[53,31732,240],{"class":228},[53,31734,12765],{"class":232},[53,31736,229],{"class":228},[53,31738,74],{"class":66},[53,31740,240],{"class":228},[53,31742,9187],{"class":232},[53,31744,229],{"class":228},[53,31746,192],{"class":66},[53,31748,1193],{"class":70},[53,31750,9197],{"class":66},[53,31752,31753,31756,31758,31760,31762,31764],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,31754,31755],{"class":59},"updated ",[53,31757,31],{"class":63},[53,31759,832],{"class":59},[53,31761,99],{"class":66},[53,31763,103],{"class":102},[53,31765,106],{"class":66},[53,31767,31768],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,31769,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,31771,31772,31775,31777,31779,31781,31783,31785,31787,31789,31791,31793,31795,31797,31799,31801,31803,31805,31807],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,31773,31774],{"class":59},"updated",[53,31776,99],{"class":66},[53,31778,30336],{"class":102},[53,31780,5414],{"class":66},[53,31782,229],{"class":228},[53,31784,9187],{"class":232},[53,31786,229],{"class":228},[53,31788,192],{"class":66},[53,31790,30349],{"class":70},[53,31792,74],{"class":66},[53,31794,240],{"class":228},[53,31796,10297],{"class":232},[53,31798,229],{"class":228},[53,31800,192],{"class":66},[53,31802,240],{"class":228},[53,31804,15902],{"class":232},[53,31806,229],{"class":228},[53,31808,30368],{"class":66},[53,31810,31811],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,31812,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,31814,31815,31817,31819,31821],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,31816,145],{"class":144},[53,31818,127],{"class":66},[53,31820,877],{"class":102},[53,31822,133],{"class":66},[53,31824,31825,31827,31829,31831],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,31826,145],{"class":144},[53,31828,127],{"class":66},[53,31830,31774],{"class":102},[53,31832,133],{"class":66},[20,31834,301],{},[44,31836,31838],{"className":46,"code":31837,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,31839,31840,31872],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,31841,31842,31844,31846,31848,31850,31852,31854,31856,31858,31860,31862,31864,31866,31868,31870],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,31843,9166],{"class":66},[53,31845,314],{"class":228},[53,31847,1710],{"class":232},[53,31849,314],{"class":228},[53,31851,192],{"class":66},[53,31853,323],{"class":228},[53,31855,12765],{"class":232},[53,31857,314],{"class":228},[53,31859,74],{"class":66},[53,31861,323],{"class":228},[53,31863,9187],{"class":232},[53,31865,314],{"class":228},[53,31867,192],{"class":66},[53,31869,1193],{"class":70},[53,31871,9197],{"class":66},[53,31873,31874,31876,31878,31880,31882,31884,31886,31888,31890,31892,31894,31896,31898,31900,31902,31904,31906,31908,31910,31912,31914,31916,31918],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,31875,9166],{"class":66},[53,31877,314],{"class":228},[53,31879,1710],{"class":232},[53,31881,314],{"class":228},[53,31883,192],{"class":66},[53,31885,323],{"class":228},[53,31887,12765],{"class":232},[53,31889,314],{"class":228},[53,31891,74],{"class":66},[53,31893,323],{"class":228},[53,31895,9187],{"class":232},[53,31897,314],{"class":228},[53,31899,192],{"class":66},[53,31901,30349],{"class":70},[53,31903,74],{"class":66},[53,31905,323],{"class":228},[53,31907,10297],{"class":232},[53,31909,314],{"class":228},[53,31911,192],{"class":66},[53,31913,323],{"class":228},[53,31915,15902],{"class":232},[53,31917,314],{"class":228},[53,31919,9197],{"class":66},[20,31921,31922,31923,99],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[758,31924,16468],{"href":16467},[39,31926,2716],{"id":2715},[20,31928,10635,31929,192],{},[15,31930,14825],{},[194,31932,31933,31940,31944,31947,31950],{},[197,31934,12482,31935,31937,31938],{},[15,31936,14825],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,31939,3664],{},[197,31941,8339,31942,12490],{},[15,31943,14825],{},[197,31945,31946],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[197,31948,31949],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[197,31951,31952],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,31954,31955],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[44,31957,31959],{"className":46,"code":31958,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,31960,31961,31971,31985,31999,32021],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,31962,31963,31965,31967,31969],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,31964,145],{"class":144},[53,31966,127],{"class":66},[53,31968,11338],{"class":102},[53,31970,133],{"class":66},[53,31972,31973,31975,31977,31979,31981,31983],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,31974,145],{"class":144},[53,31976,127],{"class":66},[53,31978,1705],{"class":1704},[53,31980,127],{"class":66},[53,31982,9092],{"class":102},[53,31984,1713],{"class":66},[53,31986,31987,31989,31991,31993,31995,31997],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,31988,145],{"class":144},[53,31990,127],{"class":66},[53,31992,7979],{"class":1704},[53,31994,127],{"class":66},[53,31996,9092],{"class":102},[53,31998,1713],{"class":66},[53,32000,32001,32003,32005,32007,32009,32011,32013,32015,32017,32019],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,32002,145],{"class":144},[53,32004,127],{"class":66},[53,32006,11338],{"class":102},[53,32008,99],{"class":66},[53,32010,19618],{"class":102},[53,32012,127],{"class":66},[53,32014,314],{"class":228},[53,32016,14714],{"class":232},[53,32018,314],{"class":228},[53,32020,1713],{"class":66},[53,32022,32023,32026,32028,32030,32032,32034],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,32024,32025],{"class":144},"help",[53,32027,127],{"class":66},[53,32029,8708],{"class":1704},[53,32031,99],{"class":66},[53,32033,30336],{"class":24620},[53,32035,133],{"class":66},[20,32037,32038],{},"These can help you check:",[194,32040,32041,32044,32049,32052,32055],{},[197,32042,32043],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[197,32045,32046,32047],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,32048,14825],{},[197,32050,32051],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[197,32053,32054],{},"Whether a key exists",[197,32056,32057],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,32059,32060,32061,99],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[758,32062,11151],{"href":10962},[39,32064,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,32066,1729,32068,32070],{"id":32067},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,32069,14825],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,32072,32073,32074,99],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,32075,3664],{},[1327,32077,1729,32079,32081],{"id":32078},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,32080,14825],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,32083,32084],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[1327,32086,5053,32088,32090],{"id":32087},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,32089,14825],{}," add new keys?",[20,32092,32093],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[1327,32095,28199,32097,32099],{"id":32096},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,32098,14825],{}," with a list?",[20,32101,32102,32103,99],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,32104,10983],{},[1327,32106,1739,32108,32110],{"id":32107},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,32109,14825],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,32112,32113,32114,32116],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,32115,14825],{}," can change many keys at once.",[39,32118,1788],{"id":1787},[194,32120,32121,32125,32129,32134,32138],{},[197,32122,32123],{},[758,32124,25965],{"href":9279},[197,32126,32127],{},[758,32128,11140],{"href":10619},[197,32130,32131],{},[758,32132,32133],{"href":30958},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[197,32135,32136],{},[758,32137,21326],{"href":16467},[197,32139,32140],{},[758,32141,11151],{"href":10962},[1817,32143,32144],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":32146},[32147,32148,32150,32151,32153,32155,32156,32157,32159,32160,32172],{"id":41,"depth":88,"text":42},{"id":30391,"depth":88,"text":32149},"What update() does",{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372},{"id":30751,"depth":88,"text":32152},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":30962,"depth":88,"text":32154},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31203,"depth":88,"text":31204},{"id":997,"depth":88,"text":998},{"id":31686,"depth":88,"text":32158},"When to use update()",{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":32161},[32162,32164,32166,32168,32170],{"id":32067,"depth":109,"text":32163},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32078,"depth":109,"text":32165},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32087,"depth":109,"text":32167},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32096,"depth":109,"text":32169},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32107,"depth":109,"text":32171},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30269,"description":32173},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32179,"title":32180,"body":32181,"description":34169,"extension":1853,"meta":34170,"navigation":112,"path":22764,"seo":34171,"stem":34172,"__hash__":34173},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32182,"toc":34132},[32183,32188,32195,32198,32200,32299,32301,32356,32361,32366,32380,32385,32387,32402,32404,32418,32431,32436,32442,32449,32451,32558,32560,32609,32615,32690,32692,32713,32715,32718,32823,32825,32880,32882,32910,32914,32919,32998,33000,33020,33022,33033,33043,33047,33052,33155,33157,33182,33185,33196,33201,33210,33213,33230,33232,33319,33321,33384,33386,33409,33411,33416,33422,33427,33429,33468,33474,33477,33496,33507,33513,33516,33589,33591,33610,33615,33618,33641,33647,33650,33714,33717,33794,33801,33804,33863,33869,33871,33890,33894,33897,33948,33951,33971,33973,34034,34036,34041,34046,34051,34056,34061,34066,34072,34075,34084,34092,34094,34129],[10,32184,11207,32186,18],{"id":32185},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,32187,16941],{},[20,32189,32190,32191,32194],{},"The Python ",[15,32192,32193],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,32196,32197],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[39,32199,42],{"id":41},[44,32201,32203],{"className":46,"code":32202,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,32204,32205,32257,32271,32275,32285],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,32206,32207,32209,32211,32213,32215,32217,32219,32221,32223,32225,32227,32229,32231,32233,32235,32237,32239,32241,32243,32245,32247,32249,32251,32253,32255],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,32208,12748],{"class":59},[53,32210,31],{"class":63},[53,32212,10379],{"class":66},[53,32214,229],{"class":228},[53,32216,1710],{"class":232},[53,32218,229],{"class":228},[53,32220,192],{"class":66},[53,32222,240],{"class":228},[53,32224,12765],{"class":232},[53,32226,229],{"class":228},[53,32228,74],{"class":66},[53,32230,240],{"class":228},[53,32232,9187],{"class":232},[53,32234,229],{"class":228},[53,32236,192],{"class":66},[53,32238,1193],{"class":70},[53,32240,74],{"class":66},[53,32242,240],{"class":228},[53,32244,10297],{"class":232},[53,32246,229],{"class":228},[53,32248,192],{"class":66},[53,32250,240],{"class":228},[53,32252,15902],{"class":232},[53,32254,229],{"class":228},[53,32256,9197],{"class":66},[53,32258,32259,32261,32263,32265,32267,32269],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,32260,3709],{"class":59},[53,32262,31],{"class":63},[53,32264,12791],{"class":59},[53,32266,99],{"class":66},[53,32268,5242],{"class":102},[53,32270,106],{"class":66},[53,32272,32273],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,32274,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,32276,32277,32279,32281,32283],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,32278,145],{"class":144},[53,32280,127],{"class":66},[53,32282,5242],{"class":102},[53,32284,133],{"class":66},[53,32286,32287,32289,32291,32293,32295,32297],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,32288,145],{"class":144},[53,32290,127],{"class":66},[53,32292,7979],{"class":1704},[53,32294,127],{"class":66},[53,32296,5242],{"class":102},[53,32298,1713],{"class":66},[20,32300,301],{},[44,32302,32304],{"className":46,"code":32303,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,32305,32306,32332],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,32307,32308,32310,32312,32314,32316,32318,32320,32322,32324,32326,32328,32330],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,32309,16907],{"class":102},[53,32311,2873],{"class":66},[53,32313,314],{"class":228},[53,32315,12765],{"class":232},[53,32317,314],{"class":228},[53,32319,74],{"class":66},[53,32321,1193],{"class":70},[53,32323,74],{"class":66},[53,32325,323],{"class":228},[53,32327,15902],{"class":232},[53,32329,314],{"class":228},[53,32331,3777],{"class":66},[53,32333,32334,32336,32338,32340,32342,32344,32346,32348,32350,32352,32354],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,32335,311],{"class":66},[53,32337,314],{"class":228},[53,32339,12765],{"class":232},[53,32341,314],{"class":228},[53,32343,74],{"class":66},[53,32345,1193],{"class":70},[53,32347,74],{"class":66},[53,32349,323],{"class":228},[53,32351,15902],{"class":232},[53,32353,314],{"class":228},[53,32355,85],{"class":66},[20,32357,32358,32360],{},[15,32359,16941],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[39,32362,184,32364,187],{"id":32363},"what-values-does",[15,32365,16941],{},[194,32367,32368,32371,32374,32377],{},[197,32369,32370],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[197,32372,32373],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[197,32375,32376],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[197,32378,32379],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,32381,32382,32383,99],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[758,32384,9280],{"href":9279},[39,32386,372],{"id":371},[44,32388,32390],{"className":46,"code":32389,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,32391,32392],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,32393,32394,32396,32398,32400],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,32395,11338],{"class":59},[53,32397,99],{"class":66},[53,32399,5242],{"class":102},[53,32401,106],{"class":66},[20,32403,12936],{},[194,32405,32406,32410,32413],{},[197,32407,32408,11354],{},[15,32409,16941],{},[197,32411,32412],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[197,32414,32415,32416],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,32417,16941],{},[20,32419,32420,32421,960,32426,99],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[758,32422,32423,32425],{"href":16932},[15,32424,16935],{}," for dictionary keys",[758,32427,32428,32430],{"href":16945},[15,32429,16948],{}," for key-value pairs",[39,32432,184,32434,11595],{"id":32433},"what-values-returns",[15,32435,16941],{},[20,32437,32438,21844,32440,24634],{},[15,32439,16941],{},[15,32441,16907],{},[20,32443,32444,32445,32448],{},"This object is a ",[34,32446,32447],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,32450,211],{},[44,32452,32454],{"className":46,"code":32453,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,32455,32456,32492,32496,32511,32522,32526,32548],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,32457,32458,32460,32462,32464,32466,32468,32470,32472,32474,32476,32478,32480,32482,32484,32486,32488,32490],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,32459,13083],{"class":59},[53,32461,31],{"class":63},[53,32463,10379],{"class":66},[53,32465,229],{"class":228},[53,32467,1710],{"class":232},[53,32469,229],{"class":228},[53,32471,192],{"class":66},[53,32473,240],{"class":228},[53,32475,7806],{"class":232},[53,32477,229],{"class":228},[53,32479,74],{"class":66},[53,32481,240],{"class":228},[53,32483,9187],{"class":232},[53,32485,229],{"class":228},[53,32487,192],{"class":66},[53,32489,9194],{"class":70},[53,32491,9197],{"class":66},[53,32493,32494],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,32495,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,32497,32498,32501,32503,32505,32507,32509],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,32499,32500],{"class":59},"values_view ",[53,32502,31],{"class":63},[53,32504,13126],{"class":59},[53,32506,99],{"class":66},[53,32508,5242],{"class":102},[53,32510,106],{"class":66},[53,32512,32513,32515,32517,32520],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,32514,145],{"class":144},[53,32516,127],{"class":66},[53,32518,32519],{"class":102},"values_view",[53,32521,133],{"class":66},[53,32523,32524],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,32525,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,32527,32528,32530,32532,32534,32536,32538,32540,32542,32544,32546],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,32529,17177],{"class":59},[53,32531,311],{"class":66},[53,32533,229],{"class":228},[53,32535,10297],{"class":232},[53,32537,229],{"class":228},[53,32539,13152],{"class":66},[53,32541,13155],{"class":63},[53,32543,240],{"class":228},[53,32545,30515],{"class":232},[53,32547,1682],{"class":228},[53,32549,32550,32552,32554,32556],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,32551,145],{"class":144},[53,32553,127],{"class":66},[53,32555,32519],{"class":102},[53,32557,133],{"class":66},[20,32559,301],{},[44,32561,32563],{"className":46,"code":32562,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,32564,32565,32583],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,32566,32567,32569,32571,32573,32575,32577,32579,32581],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,32568,16907],{"class":102},[53,32570,2873],{"class":66},[53,32572,314],{"class":228},[53,32574,7806],{"class":232},[53,32576,314],{"class":228},[53,32578,74],{"class":66},[53,32580,9194],{"class":70},[53,32582,3777],{"class":66},[53,32584,32585,32587,32589,32591,32593,32595,32597,32599,32601,32603,32605,32607],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,32586,16907],{"class":102},[53,32588,2873],{"class":66},[53,32590,314],{"class":228},[53,32592,7806],{"class":232},[53,32594,314],{"class":228},[53,32596,74],{"class":66},[53,32598,9194],{"class":70},[53,32600,74],{"class":66},[53,32602,323],{"class":228},[53,32604,30515],{"class":232},[53,32606,314],{"class":228},[53,32608,3777],{"class":66},[20,32610,32611,32612,99],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,32613,32614],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[44,32616,32618],{"className":46,"code":32617,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,32619,32620,32656,32675,32679],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,32621,32622,32624,32626,32628,32630,32632,32634,32636,32638,32640,32642,32644,32646,32648,32650,32652,32654],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,32623,13083],{"class":59},[53,32625,31],{"class":63},[53,32627,10379],{"class":66},[53,32629,229],{"class":228},[53,32631,1710],{"class":232},[53,32633,229],{"class":228},[53,32635,192],{"class":66},[53,32637,240],{"class":228},[53,32639,7806],{"class":232},[53,32641,229],{"class":228},[53,32643,74],{"class":66},[53,32645,240],{"class":228},[53,32647,9187],{"class":232},[53,32649,229],{"class":228},[53,32651,192],{"class":66},[53,32653,9194],{"class":70},[53,32655,9197],{"class":66},[53,32657,32658,32661,32663,32665,32667,32669,32671,32673],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,32659,32660],{"class":59},"values_list ",[53,32662,31],{"class":63},[53,32664,22429],{"class":1704},[53,32666,127],{"class":66},[53,32668,17177],{"class":102},[53,32670,99],{"class":66},[53,32672,5242],{"class":102},[53,32674,7081],{"class":66},[53,32676,32677],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,32678,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,32680,32681,32683,32685,32688],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,32682,145],{"class":144},[53,32684,127],{"class":66},[53,32686,32687],{"class":102},"values_list",[53,32689,133],{"class":66},[20,32691,301],{},[44,32693,32695],{"className":46,"code":32694,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,32696,32697],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,32698,32699,32701,32703,32705,32707,32709,32711],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,32700,311],{"class":66},[53,32702,314],{"class":228},[53,32704,7806],{"class":232},[53,32706,314],{"class":228},[53,32708,74],{"class":66},[53,32710,9194],{"class":70},[53,32712,85],{"class":66},[39,32714,11364],{"id":11363},[20,32716,32717],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[44,32719,32721],{"className":46,"code":32720,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,32722,32723,32777,32781,32795,32799,32809],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,32724,32725,32727,32729,32731,32733,32735,32737,32739,32741,32743,32745,32747,32749,32751,32753,32755,32758,32760,32762,32765,32767,32769,32771,32773,32775],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,32726,24666],{"class":59},[53,32728,31],{"class":63},[53,32730,10379],{"class":66},[53,32732,229],{"class":228},[53,32734,24675],{"class":232},[53,32736,229],{"class":228},[53,32738,192],{"class":66},[53,32740,240],{"class":228},[53,32742,24684],{"class":232},[53,32744,229],{"class":228},[53,32746,74],{"class":66},[53,32748,240],{"class":228},[53,32750,24693],{"class":232},[53,32752,229],{"class":228},[53,32754,192],{"class":66},[53,32756,32757],{"class":70}," 2022",[53,32759,74],{"class":66},[53,32761,240],{"class":228},[53,32763,32764],{"class":232},"color",[53,32766,229],{"class":228},[53,32768,192],{"class":66},[53,32770,240],{"class":228},[53,32772,1043],{"class":232},[53,32774,229],{"class":228},[53,32776,9197],{"class":66},[53,32778,32779],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,32780,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,32782,32783,32785,32787,32789,32791,32793],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,32784,2117],{"class":59},[53,32786,31],{"class":63},[53,32788,24715],{"class":59},[53,32790,99],{"class":66},[53,32792,5242],{"class":102},[53,32794,106],{"class":66},[53,32796,32797],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,32798,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,32800,32801,32803,32805,32807],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,32802,145],{"class":144},[53,32804,127],{"class":66},[53,32806,2152],{"class":102},[53,32808,133],{"class":66},[53,32810,32811,32813,32815,32817,32819,32821],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,32812,145],{"class":144},[53,32814,127],{"class":66},[53,32816,7979],{"class":1704},[53,32818,127],{"class":66},[53,32820,2152],{"class":102},[53,32822,1713],{"class":66},[20,32824,301],{},[44,32826,32828],{"className":46,"code":32827,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,32829,32830,32856],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,32831,32832,32834,32836,32838,32840,32842,32844,32846,32848,32850,32852,32854],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,32833,16907],{"class":102},[53,32835,2873],{"class":66},[53,32837,314],{"class":228},[53,32839,24684],{"class":232},[53,32841,314],{"class":228},[53,32843,74],{"class":66},[53,32845,32757],{"class":70},[53,32847,74],{"class":66},[53,32849,323],{"class":228},[53,32851,1043],{"class":232},[53,32853,314],{"class":228},[53,32855,3777],{"class":66},[53,32857,32858,32860,32862,32864,32866,32868,32870,32872,32874,32876,32878],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,32859,311],{"class":66},[53,32861,314],{"class":228},[53,32863,24684],{"class":232},[53,32865,314],{"class":228},[53,32867,74],{"class":66},[53,32869,32757],{"class":70},[53,32871,74],{"class":66},[53,32873,323],{"class":228},[53,32875,1043],{"class":232},[53,32877,314],{"class":228},[53,32879,85],{"class":66},[20,32881,11573],{},[194,32883,32884,32890,32896,32904],{},[197,32885,32886,32889],{},[15,32887,32888],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[197,32891,32892,32895],{},[15,32893,32894],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[197,32897,32898,32901,32902,24487],{},[15,32899,32900],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,32903,16907],{},[197,32905,32906,32909],{},[15,32907,32908],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[39,32911,32913],{"id":32912},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,32915,32916,32917,25934],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,32918,5843],{},[44,32920,32922],{"className":46,"code":32921,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,32923,32924,32968,32972,32988],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,32925,32926,32928,32930,32932,32934,32936,32938,32940,32942,32944,32946,32948,32950,32952,32954,32956,32958,32960,32962,32964,32966],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,32927,1181],{"class":59},[53,32929,31],{"class":63},[53,32931,10379],{"class":66},[53,32933,229],{"class":228},[53,32935,18284],{"class":232},[53,32937,229],{"class":228},[53,32939,192],{"class":66},[53,32941,19766],{"class":70},[53,32943,74],{"class":66},[53,32945,240],{"class":228},[53,32947,31025],{"class":232},[53,32949,229],{"class":228},[53,32951,192],{"class":66},[53,32953,13386],{"class":70},[53,32955,74],{"class":66},[53,32957,240],{"class":228},[53,32959,18293],{"class":232},[53,32961,229],{"class":228},[53,32963,192],{"class":66},[53,32965,28791],{"class":70},[53,32967,9197],{"class":66},[53,32969,32970],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,32971,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,32973,32974,32976,32978,32980,32982,32984,32986],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,32975,5843],{"class":3764},[53,32977,21453],{"class":59},[53,32979,3771],{"class":3764},[53,32981,1210],{"class":59},[53,32983,99],{"class":66},[53,32985,5242],{"class":102},[53,32987,21464],{"class":66},[53,32989,32990,32992,32994,32996],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,32991,7954],{"class":144},[53,32993,127],{"class":66},[53,32995,2360],{"class":102},[53,32997,133],{"class":66},[20,32999,301],{},[44,33001,33003],{"className":46,"code":33002,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,33004,33005,33010,33015],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33006,33007],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33008,33009],{"class":70},"90\n",[53,33011,33012],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,33013,33014],{"class":70},"85\n",[53,33016,33017],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,33018,33019],{"class":70},"88\n",[20,33021,17578],{},[194,33023,33024,33027,33030],{},[197,33025,33026],{},"You only need the values",[197,33028,33029],{},"You do not care about the keys",[197,33031,33032],{},"You want simpler code",[20,33034,33035,33036,2765,33040,99],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[758,33037,10625,33038,1316],{"href":16945},[15,33039,16948],{},[758,33041,22344],{"href":33042},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[39,33044,33046],{"id":33045},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,33048,174,33049,33051],{},[15,33050,32614],{}," when you need a list.",[44,33053,33055],{"className":46,"code":33054,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,33056,33057,33102,33106,33126,33130,33141],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33058,33059,33062,33064,33066,33068,33070,33072,33074,33076,33078,33080,33082,33084,33086,33088,33090,33092,33094,33096,33098,33100],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33060,33061],{"class":59},"fruit_prices ",[53,33063,31],{"class":63},[53,33065,10379],{"class":66},[53,33067,229],{"class":228},[53,33069,233],{"class":232},[53,33071,229],{"class":228},[53,33073,192],{"class":66},[53,33075,77],{"class":70},[53,33077,74],{"class":66},[53,33079,240],{"class":228},[53,33081,243],{"class":232},[53,33083,229],{"class":228},[53,33085,192],{"class":66},[53,33087,5382],{"class":70},[53,33089,74],{"class":66},[53,33091,240],{"class":228},[53,33093,252],{"class":232},[53,33095,229],{"class":228},[53,33097,192],{"class":66},[53,33099,82],{"class":70},[53,33101,9197],{"class":66},[53,33103,33104],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,33105,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,33107,33108,33111,33113,33115,33117,33120,33122,33124],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,33109,33110],{"class":59},"price_list ",[53,33112,31],{"class":63},[53,33114,22429],{"class":1704},[53,33116,127],{"class":66},[53,33118,33119],{"class":102},"fruit_prices",[53,33121,99],{"class":66},[53,33123,5242],{"class":102},[53,33125,7081],{"class":66},[53,33127,33128],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,33129,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,33131,33132,33134,33136,33139],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,33133,145],{"class":144},[53,33135,127],{"class":66},[53,33137,33138],{"class":102},"price_list",[53,33140,133],{"class":66},[53,33142,33143,33145,33147,33149,33151,33153],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,33144,145],{"class":144},[53,33146,127],{"class":66},[53,33148,33138],{"class":102},[53,33150,311],{"class":66},[53,33152,852],{"class":70},[53,33154,3777],{"class":66},[20,33156,301],{},[44,33158,33160],{"className":46,"code":33159,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,33161,33162,33178],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33163,33164,33166,33168,33170,33172,33174,33176],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33165,311],{"class":66},[53,33167,1589],{"class":70},[53,33169,74],{"class":66},[53,33171,5382],{"class":70},[53,33173,74],{"class":66},[53,33175,82],{"class":70},[53,33177,85],{"class":66},[53,33179,33180],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,33181,16926],{"class":70},[20,33183,33184],{},"This is helpful for:",[194,33186,33187,33190,33193],{},[197,33188,33189],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[197,33191,33192],{},"Accessing values by index",[197,33194,33195],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,33197,3813,33198,33200],{},[15,33199,16907],{}," is not the same as a list.",[39,33202,33204,10474,33206,10474,33208],{"id":33203},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,33205,16941],{},[15,33207,16935],{},[15,33209,16948],{},[20,33211,33212],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[194,33214,33215,33220,33225],{},[197,33216,33217,33219],{},[15,33218,16941],{}," returns only the values",[197,33221,33222,33224],{},[15,33223,16935],{}," returns only the keys",[197,33226,33227,33229],{},[15,33228,16948],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,33231,2013],{},[44,33233,33235],{"className":46,"code":33234,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,33236,33237,33273,33277,33291,33305],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33238,33239,33241,33243,33245,33247,33249,33251,33253,33255,33257,33259,33261,33263,33265,33267,33269,33271],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33240,12748],{"class":59},[53,33242,31],{"class":63},[53,33244,10379],{"class":66},[53,33246,229],{"class":228},[53,33248,1710],{"class":232},[53,33250,229],{"class":228},[53,33252,192],{"class":66},[53,33254,240],{"class":228},[53,33256,12765],{"class":232},[53,33258,229],{"class":228},[53,33260,74],{"class":66},[53,33262,240],{"class":228},[53,33264,9187],{"class":232},[53,33266,229],{"class":228},[53,33268,192],{"class":66},[53,33270,1193],{"class":70},[53,33272,9197],{"class":66},[53,33274,33275],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,33276,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,33278,33279,33281,33283,33285,33287,33289],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,33280,145],{"class":144},[53,33282,127],{"class":66},[53,33284,13503],{"class":102},[53,33286,99],{"class":66},[53,33288,16793],{"class":102},[53,33290,7081],{"class":66},[53,33292,33293,33295,33297,33299,33301,33303],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,33294,145],{"class":144},[53,33296,127],{"class":66},[53,33298,13503],{"class":102},[53,33300,99],{"class":66},[53,33302,5242],{"class":102},[53,33304,7081],{"class":66},[53,33306,33307,33309,33311,33313,33315,33317],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,33308,145],{"class":144},[53,33310,127],{"class":66},[53,33312,13503],{"class":102},[53,33314,99],{"class":66},[53,33316,7696],{"class":102},[53,33318,7081],{"class":66},[20,33320,301],{},[44,33322,33324],{"className":46,"code":33323,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,33325,33326,33348,33366],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33327,33328,33330,33332,33334,33336,33338,33340,33342,33344,33346],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33329,16884],{"class":102},[53,33331,2873],{"class":66},[53,33333,314],{"class":228},[53,33335,1710],{"class":232},[53,33337,314],{"class":228},[53,33339,74],{"class":66},[53,33341,323],{"class":228},[53,33343,9187],{"class":232},[53,33345,314],{"class":228},[53,33347,3777],{"class":66},[53,33349,33350,33352,33354,33356,33358,33360,33362,33364],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,33351,16907],{"class":102},[53,33353,2873],{"class":66},[53,33355,314],{"class":228},[53,33357,12765],{"class":232},[53,33359,314],{"class":228},[53,33361,74],{"class":66},[53,33363,1193],{"class":70},[53,33365,3777],{"class":66},[53,33367,33368,33370,33372,33374,33376,33378,33380,33382],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,33369,21777],{"class":102},[53,33371,9546],{"class":66},[53,33373,314],{"class":228},[53,33375,1710],{"class":232},[53,33377,314],{"class":228},[53,33379,74],{"class":66},[53,33381,1193],{"class":70},[53,33383,10567],{"class":66},[20,33385,18562],{},[194,33387,33388,33395,33402],{},[197,33389,33390,33394],{},[758,33391,33392],{"href":16932},[15,33393,16935],{}," when you need just the keys",[197,33396,33397,33401],{},[758,33398,33399],{"href":16938},[15,33400,16941],{}," when you need just the values",[197,33403,33404,33408],{},[758,33405,33406],{"href":16945},[15,33407,16948],{}," when you need both",[39,33410,1320],{"id":1319},[20,33412,33413,33414,99],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,33415,16941],{},[1327,33417,29521,33419,33421],{"id":33418},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,33420,16941],{}," on the wrong type",[20,33423,33424,33426],{},[15,33425,16941],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,33428,16514],{},[44,33430,33432],{"className":46,"code":33431,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,33433,33434,33454],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33435,33436,33438,33440,33442,33444,33446,33448,33450,33452],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33437,8194],{"class":59},[53,33439,31],{"class":63},[53,33441,67],{"class":66},[53,33443,71],{"class":70},[53,33445,74],{"class":66},[53,33447,77],{"class":70},[53,33449,74],{"class":66},[53,33451,82],{"class":70},[53,33453,85],{"class":66},[53,33455,33456,33458,33460,33462,33464,33466],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,33457,145],{"class":144},[53,33459,127],{"class":66},[53,33461,8225],{"class":102},[53,33463,99],{"class":66},[53,33465,5242],{"class":102},[53,33467,7081],{"class":66},[20,33469,33470,33471,33473],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,33472,16941],{}," method.",[20,33475,33476],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[44,33478,33480],{"className":46,"code":33479,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,33481,33482],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33483,33484,33486,33488,33490,33492,33494],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33485,145],{"class":144},[53,33487,127],{"class":66},[53,33489,1705],{"class":1704},[53,33491,127],{"class":66},[53,33493,8225],{"class":102},[53,33495,1713],{"class":66},[20,33497,33498,33499,33501,33502,99],{},"If you get an ",[15,33500,25541],{},", see ",[758,33503,25549,33504,33506],{"href":25548},[15,33505,25552],{}," errors",[1327,33508,4465,33510,33512],{"id":33509},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,33511,16941],{}," returns a list",[20,33514,33515],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[44,33517,33519],{"className":46,"code":33518,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,33520,33521,33557,33571,33575],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33522,33523,33525,33527,33529,33531,33533,33535,33537,33539,33541,33543,33545,33547,33549,33551,33553,33555],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33524,12748],{"class":59},[53,33526,31],{"class":63},[53,33528,10379],{"class":66},[53,33530,229],{"class":228},[53,33532,1710],{"class":232},[53,33534,229],{"class":228},[53,33536,192],{"class":66},[53,33538,240],{"class":228},[53,33540,12765],{"class":232},[53,33542,229],{"class":228},[53,33544,74],{"class":66},[53,33546,240],{"class":228},[53,33548,9187],{"class":232},[53,33550,229],{"class":228},[53,33552,192],{"class":66},[53,33554,1193],{"class":70},[53,33556,9197],{"class":66},[53,33558,33559,33561,33563,33565,33567,33569],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,33560,3709],{"class":59},[53,33562,31],{"class":63},[53,33564,12791],{"class":59},[53,33566,99],{"class":66},[53,33568,5242],{"class":102},[53,33570,106],{"class":66},[53,33572,33573],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,33574,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,33576,33577,33579,33581,33583,33585,33587],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,33578,145],{"class":144},[53,33580,127],{"class":66},[53,33582,1705],{"class":1704},[53,33584,127],{"class":66},[53,33586,5242],{"class":102},[53,33588,1713],{"class":66},[20,33590,301],{},[44,33592,33594],{"className":46,"code":33593,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,33595,33596],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33597,33598,33600,33602,33604,33606,33608],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33599,3178],{"class":63},[53,33601,3181],{"class":1954},[53,33603,323],{"class":228},[53,33605,16907],{"class":232},[53,33607,314],{"class":228},[53,33609,3190],{"class":63},[20,33611,5031,33612,33614],{},[15,33613,16907],{},", not a list.",[20,33616,33617],{},"If you need a list:",[44,33619,33621],{"className":46,"code":33620,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,33622,33623],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33624,33625,33627,33629,33631,33633,33635,33637,33639],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33626,3709],{"class":59},[53,33628,31],{"class":63},[53,33630,22429],{"class":1704},[53,33632,127],{"class":66},[53,33634,13503],{"class":102},[53,33636,99],{"class":66},[53,33638,5242],{"class":102},[53,33640,7081],{"class":66},[1327,33642,33644,33645],{"id":33643},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,33646,16907],{},[20,33648,33649],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[44,33651,33653],{"className":46,"code":33652,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,33654,33655,33691,33705,33709],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33656,33657,33659,33661,33663,33665,33667,33669,33671,33673,33675,33677,33679,33681,33683,33685,33687,33689],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33658,12748],{"class":59},[53,33660,31],{"class":63},[53,33662,10379],{"class":66},[53,33664,229],{"class":228},[53,33666,1710],{"class":232},[53,33668,229],{"class":228},[53,33670,192],{"class":66},[53,33672,240],{"class":228},[53,33674,12765],{"class":232},[53,33676,229],{"class":228},[53,33678,74],{"class":66},[53,33680,240],{"class":228},[53,33682,9187],{"class":232},[53,33684,229],{"class":228},[53,33686,192],{"class":66},[53,33688,1193],{"class":70},[53,33690,9197],{"class":66},[53,33692,33693,33695,33697,33699,33701,33703],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,33694,3709],{"class":59},[53,33696,31],{"class":63},[53,33698,12791],{"class":59},[53,33700,99],{"class":66},[53,33702,5242],{"class":102},[53,33704,106],{"class":66},[53,33706,33707],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,33708,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,33710,33711],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,33712,33713],{"class":156},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,33715,33716],{},"Convert to a list first:",[44,33718,33720],{"className":46,"code":33719,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,33721,33722,33758,33776,33780],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33723,33724,33726,33728,33730,33732,33734,33736,33738,33740,33742,33744,33746,33748,33750,33752,33754,33756],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33725,12748],{"class":59},[53,33727,31],{"class":63},[53,33729,10379],{"class":66},[53,33731,229],{"class":228},[53,33733,1710],{"class":232},[53,33735,229],{"class":228},[53,33737,192],{"class":66},[53,33739,240],{"class":228},[53,33741,12765],{"class":232},[53,33743,229],{"class":228},[53,33745,74],{"class":66},[53,33747,240],{"class":228},[53,33749,9187],{"class":232},[53,33751,229],{"class":228},[53,33753,192],{"class":66},[53,33755,1193],{"class":70},[53,33757,9197],{"class":66},[53,33759,33760,33762,33764,33766,33768,33770,33772,33774],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,33761,3709],{"class":59},[53,33763,31],{"class":63},[53,33765,22429],{"class":1704},[53,33767,127],{"class":66},[53,33769,13503],{"class":102},[53,33771,99],{"class":66},[53,33773,5242],{"class":102},[53,33775,7081],{"class":66},[53,33777,33778],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,33779,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,33781,33782,33784,33786,33788,33790,33792],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,33783,145],{"class":144},[53,33785,127],{"class":66},[53,33787,5242],{"class":102},[53,33789,311],{"class":66},[53,33791,852],{"class":70},[53,33793,3777],{"class":66},[1327,33795,485,33797,10980,33799],{"id":33796},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,33798,5242],{},[15,33800,16941],{},[20,33802,33803],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[44,33805,33807],{"className":46,"code":33806,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,33808,33809,33845,33849],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33810,33811,33813,33815,33817,33819,33821,33823,33825,33827,33829,33831,33833,33835,33837,33839,33841,33843],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33812,12748],{"class":59},[53,33814,31],{"class":63},[53,33816,10379],{"class":66},[53,33818,229],{"class":228},[53,33820,1710],{"class":232},[53,33822,229],{"class":228},[53,33824,192],{"class":66},[53,33826,240],{"class":228},[53,33828,12765],{"class":232},[53,33830,229],{"class":228},[53,33832,74],{"class":66},[53,33834,240],{"class":228},[53,33836,9187],{"class":232},[53,33838,229],{"class":228},[53,33840,192],{"class":66},[53,33842,1193],{"class":70},[53,33844,9197],{"class":66},[53,33846,33847],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,33848,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,33850,33851,33853,33855,33857,33859,33861],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,33852,145],{"class":144},[53,33854,127],{"class":66},[53,33856,13503],{"class":102},[53,33858,99],{"class":66},[53,33860,5242],{"class":24620},[53,33862,133],{"class":66},[20,33864,33865,33868],{},[15,33866,33867],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,33870,18562],{},[44,33872,33874],{"className":46,"code":33873,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(student.values())\n",[15,33875,33876],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33877,33878,33880,33882,33884,33886,33888],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33879,145],{"class":144},[53,33881,127],{"class":66},[53,33883,13503],{"class":102},[53,33885,99],{"class":66},[53,33887,5242],{"class":102},[53,33889,7081],{"class":66},[1327,33891,33893],{"id":33892},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,33895,33896],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[44,33898,33900],{"className":46,"code":33899,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,33901,33902,33934],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33903,33904,33906,33908,33910,33912,33914,33916,33918,33920,33922,33924,33926,33928,33930,33932],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33905,9053],{"class":59},[53,33907,31],{"class":63},[53,33909,10379],{"class":66},[53,33911,229],{"class":228},[53,33913,758],{"class":232},[53,33915,229],{"class":228},[53,33917,192],{"class":66},[53,33919,5382],{"class":70},[53,33921,74],{"class":66},[53,33923,240],{"class":228},[53,33925,1376],{"class":232},[53,33927,229],{"class":228},[53,33929,192],{"class":66},[53,33931,77],{"class":70},[53,33933,9197],{"class":66},[53,33935,33936,33938,33940,33942,33944,33946],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,33937,145],{"class":144},[53,33939,127],{"class":66},[53,33941,9092],{"class":102},[53,33943,99],{"class":66},[53,33945,5242],{"class":102},[53,33947,7081],{"class":66},[20,33949,33950],{},"Not like this:",[44,33952,33954],{"className":46,"code":33953,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,33955,33956,33961,33966],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33957,33958],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33959,33960],{"class":156},"# Wrong examples:\n",[53,33962,33963],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,33964,33965],{"class":156},"# data().values()\n",[53,33967,33968],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,33969,33970],{"class":156},"# values(data)\n",[20,33972,3227],{},[44,33974,33976],{"className":46,"code":33975,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,33977,33978,33992,34002,34016],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33979,33980,33982,33984,33986,33988,33990],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33981,145],{"class":144},[53,33983,127],{"class":66},[53,33985,1705],{"class":1704},[53,33987,127],{"class":66},[53,33989,11338],{"class":102},[53,33991,1713],{"class":66},[53,33993,33994,33996,33998,34000],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,33995,145],{"class":144},[53,33997,127],{"class":66},[53,33999,11338],{"class":102},[53,34001,133],{"class":66},[53,34003,34004,34006,34008,34010,34012,34014],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,34005,145],{"class":144},[53,34007,127],{"class":66},[53,34009,11338],{"class":102},[53,34011,99],{"class":66},[53,34013,5242],{"class":102},[53,34015,7081],{"class":66},[53,34017,34018,34020,34022,34024,34026,34028,34030,34032],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,34019,145],{"class":144},[53,34021,127],{"class":66},[53,34023,7979],{"class":1704},[53,34025,127],{"class":66},[53,34027,11338],{"class":102},[53,34029,99],{"class":66},[53,34031,5242],{"class":102},[53,34033,6176],{"class":66},[39,34035,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,34037,5025,34039,5028],{"id":34038},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,34040,32193],{},[20,34042,17290,34043,34045],{},[15,34044,16907],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[1327,34047,1729,34049,23801],{"id":34048},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,34050,16941],{},[20,34052,23804,34053,23808],{},[15,34054,34055],{},"list(...)",[1327,34057,25926,34059,1744],{"id":34058},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,34060,32193],{},[20,34062,34063,34064,25934],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,34065,5843],{},[1327,34067,1729,34069,34071],{"id":34068},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,34070,32193],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,34073,34074],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[1327,34076,34078,34079,34081,34082,1744],{"id":34077},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,34080,16941],{}," different from ",[15,34083,16948],{},[20,34085,34086,34088,34089,34091],{},[15,34087,16941],{}," returns only values. ",[15,34090,16948],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[39,34093,1788],{"id":1787},[194,34095,34096,34102,34108,34112,34118,34122],{},[197,34097,34098],{},[758,34099,10625,34100,1316],{"href":16932},[15,34101,16935],{},[197,34103,34104],{},[758,34105,10625,34106,1316],{"href":16945},[15,34107,16948],{},[197,34109,34110],{},[758,34111,11131],{"href":9279},[197,34113,34114],{},[758,34115,34117],{"href":34116},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[197,34119,34120],{},[758,34121,23886],{"href":33042},[197,34123,34124],{},[758,34125,30219,34126],{"href":25548},[15,34127,34128],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[1817,34130,34131],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":34133},[34134,34135,34137,34138,34140,34141,34142,34143,34145,34156,34168],{"id":41,"depth":88,"text":42},{"id":32363,"depth":88,"text":34136},"What values() does",{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372},{"id":32433,"depth":88,"text":34139},"What values() returns",{"id":11363,"depth":88,"text":11364},{"id":32912,"depth":88,"text":32913},{"id":33045,"depth":88,"text":33046},{"id":33203,"depth":88,"text":34144},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":1319,"depth":88,"text":1320,"children":34146},[34147,34149,34151,34153,34155],{"id":33418,"depth":109,"text":34148},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33509,"depth":109,"text":34150},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33643,"depth":109,"text":34152},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":33796,"depth":109,"text":34154},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":33892,"depth":109,"text":33893},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":34157},[34158,34160,34162,34164,34166],{"id":34038,"depth":109,"text":34159},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34048,"depth":109,"text":34161},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34058,"depth":109,"text":34163},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34068,"depth":109,"text":34165},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34077,"depth":109,"text":34167},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32180,"description":34169},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34175,"title":34176,"body":34177,"description":35608,"extension":1853,"meta":35609,"navigation":112,"path":35610,"seo":35611,"stem":35612,"__hash__":35613},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34178,"toc":35560},[34179,34185,34190,34193,34209,34218,34220,34252,34258,34261,34356,34359,34364,34369,34372,34383,34385,34399,34405,34407,34412,34418,34421,34460,34468,34473,34476,34521,34524,34536,34542,34548,34552,34585,34588,34606,34609,34613,34652,34654,34674,34677,34689,34694,34700,34703,34758,34761,34772,34775,34786,34789,34793,34799,34801,34831,34834,34849,34852,34855,34874,34877,34893,34902,34904,34935,34941,34946,34949,34956,34987,34990,35012,35015,35018,35032,35036,35067,35082,35089,35096,35100,35108,35112,35120,35123,35172,35183,35185,35188,35194,35199,35209,35213,35216,35219,35223,35226,35228,35249,35253,35259,35270,35276,35278,35284,35308,35311,35374,35377,35405,35408,35470,35472,35477,35480,35487,35495,35502,35505,35513,35519,35521,35548,35557],[10,34180,3463,34182,3467],{"id":34181},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,34183,34184],{},"dir()",[20,34186,32190,34187,34189],{},[15,34188,34184],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,34191,34192],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[194,34194,34195,34198,34201,34206],{},[197,34196,34197],{},"learning Python",[197,34199,34200],{},"exploring a new object",[197,34202,34203,34204],{},"debugging an ",[15,34205,25541],{},[197,34207,34208],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,34210,34211,34212,34214,34215],{},"In short, ",[15,34213,34184],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[34,34216,34217],{},"“What can I use here?”",[39,34219,42],{"id":41},[44,34221,34223],{"className":46,"code":34222,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,34224,34225,34237],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,34226,34227,34229,34231,34233,34235],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,34228,1672],{"class":59},[53,34230,31],{"class":63},[53,34232,240],{"class":228},[53,34234,3732],{"class":232},[53,34236,1682],{"class":228},[53,34238,34239,34241,34243,34246,34248,34250],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,34240,145],{"class":144},[53,34242,127],{"class":66},[53,34244,34245],{"class":144},"dir",[53,34247,127],{"class":66},[53,34249,1710],{"class":102},[53,34251,1713],{"class":66},[20,34253,174,34254,34257],{},[15,34255,34256],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,34259,34260],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[44,34262,34264],{"className":46,"code":34263,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,34265,34266],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,34267,34268,34270,34272,34275,34277,34279,34281,34284,34286,34288,34290,34293,34295,34297,34299,34302,34304,34306,34308,34311,34313,34315,34317,34320,34322,34324,34328,34330,34332,34334,34336,34338,34340,34343,34345,34347,34349,34352,34354],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,34269,311],{"class":66},[53,34271,314],{"class":228},[53,34273,34274],{"class":232},"__add__",[53,34276,314],{"class":228},[53,34278,74],{"class":66},[53,34280,323],{"class":228},[53,34282,34283],{"class":232},"__class__",[53,34285,314],{"class":228},[53,34287,74],{"class":66},[53,34289,323],{"class":228},[53,34291,34292],{"class":232},"__contains__",[53,34294,314],{"class":228},[53,34296,74],{"class":66},[53,34298,323],{"class":228},[53,34300,34301],{"class":232},"__delattr__",[53,34303,314],{"class":228},[53,34305,74],{"class":66},[53,34307,323],{"class":228},[53,34309,34310],{"class":232},"__dir__",[53,34312,314],{"class":228},[53,34314,74],{"class":66},[53,34316,323],{"class":228},[53,34318,34319],{"class":232},"__doc__",[53,34321,314],{"class":228},[53,34323,74],{"class":66},[53,34325,34327],{"class":34326},"s_hVV"," ...",[53,34329,74],{"class":66},[53,34331,323],{"class":228},[53,34333,8527],{"class":232},[53,34335,314],{"class":228},[53,34337,74],{"class":66},[53,34339,323],{"class":228},[53,34341,34342],{"class":232},"split",[53,34344,314],{"class":228},[53,34346,74],{"class":66},[53,34348,323],{"class":228},[53,34350,34351],{"class":232},"upper",[53,34353,314],{"class":228},[53,34355,85],{"class":66},[20,34357,34358],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[39,34360,184,34362,187],{"id":34361},"what-dir-does",[15,34363,34184],{},[20,34365,34366,34368],{},[15,34367,34184],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,34370,34371],{},"It usually includes:",[194,34373,34374,34377,34380],{},[197,34375,34376],{},"attributes",[197,34378,34379],{},"methods",[197,34381,34382],{},"special Python names",[20,34384,11347],{},[194,34386,34387,34393,34396],{},[197,34388,34389,34390],{},"The result is a ",[34,34391,34392],{},"list of strings",[197,34394,34395],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[197,34397,34398],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,34400,34401,34402,34404],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,34403,34184],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[39,34406,372],{"id":371},[20,34408,34409,34411],{},[15,34410,34184],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[1327,34413,34415,34417],{"id":34414},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,34416,34184],{}," with no argument",[20,34419,34420],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[44,34422,34424],{"className":46,"code":34423,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34425,34426,34434,34446,34450],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,34427,34428,34430,34432],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,34429,2912],{"class":59},[53,34431,31],{"class":63},[53,34433,2472],{"class":70},[53,34435,34436,34438,34440,34442,34444],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,34437,1672],{"class":59},[53,34439,31],{"class":63},[53,34441,240],{"class":228},[53,34443,7564],{"class":232},[53,34445,1682],{"class":228},[53,34447,34448],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,34449,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,34451,34452,34454,34456,34458],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,34453,145],{"class":144},[53,34455,127],{"class":66},[53,34457,34245],{"class":144},[53,34459,7081],{"class":66},[20,34461,34462,34463,960,34465,34467],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,34464,2060],{},[15,34466,1710],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[1327,34469,34471],{"id":34470},"dirobject",[15,34472,34256],{},[20,34474,34475],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[44,34477,34479],{"className":46,"code":34478,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,34480,34481,34499],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,34482,34483,34485,34487,34489,34491,34493,34495,34497],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,34484,145],{"class":144},[53,34486,127],{"class":66},[53,34488,34245],{"class":144},[53,34490,127],{"class":66},[53,34492,229],{"class":228},[53,34494,3732],{"class":232},[53,34496,229],{"class":228},[53,34498,1713],{"class":66},[53,34500,34501,34503,34505,34507,34509,34511,34513,34515,34517,34519],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,34502,145],{"class":144},[53,34504,127],{"class":66},[53,34506,34245],{"class":144},[53,34508,2873],{"class":66},[53,34510,71],{"class":70},[53,34512,74],{"class":66},[53,34514,77],{"class":70},[53,34516,74],{"class":66},[53,34518,82],{"class":70},[53,34520,2886],{"class":66},[20,34522,34523],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[194,34525,34526,34528,34530,34533],{},[197,34527,5192],{},[197,34529,5183],{},[197,34531,34532],{},"modules",[197,34534,34535],{},"custom objects",[39,34537,485,34539,34541],{"id":34538},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34540,34184],{}," with a value",[20,34543,34544,34545,34547],{},"A common use of ",[15,34546,34184],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[1327,34549,34551],{"id":34550},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[44,34553,34555],{"className":46,"code":34554,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,34556,34557,34570],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,34558,34559,34562,34564,34566,34568],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,34560,34561],{"class":59},"text ",[53,34563,31],{"class":63},[53,34565,240],{"class":228},[53,34567,3732],{"class":232},[53,34569,1682],{"class":228},[53,34571,34572,34574,34576,34578,34580,34583],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,34573,145],{"class":144},[53,34575,127],{"class":66},[53,34577,34245],{"class":144},[53,34579,127],{"class":66},[53,34581,34582],{"class":102},"text",[53,34584,1713],{"class":66},[20,34586,34587],{},"You will see method names like:",[194,34589,34590,34594,34598,34602],{},[197,34591,34592],{},[15,34593,8527],{},[197,34595,34596],{},[15,34597,34351],{},[197,34599,34600],{},[15,34601,34342],{},[197,34603,34604],{},[15,34605,8521],{},[20,34607,34608],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[1327,34610,34612],{"id":34611},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[44,34614,34616],{"className":46,"code":34615,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,34617,34618,34638],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,34619,34620,34622,34624,34626,34628,34630,34632,34634,34636],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,34621,60],{"class":59},[53,34623,31],{"class":63},[53,34625,67],{"class":66},[53,34627,71],{"class":70},[53,34629,74],{"class":66},[53,34631,77],{"class":70},[53,34633,74],{"class":66},[53,34635,82],{"class":70},[53,34637,85],{"class":66},[53,34639,34640,34642,34644,34646,34648,34650],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,34641,145],{"class":144},[53,34643,127],{"class":66},[53,34645,34245],{"class":144},[53,34647,127],{"class":66},[53,34649,150],{"class":102},[53,34651,1713],{"class":66},[20,34653,34587],{},[194,34655,34656,34660,34664,34669],{},[197,34657,34658],{},[15,34659,124],{},[197,34661,34662],{},[15,34663,26111],{},[197,34665,34666],{},[15,34667,34668],{},"remove",[197,34670,34671],{},[15,34672,34673],{},"sort",[20,34675,34676],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,34678,34679,34680,34685,34686,34688],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[758,34681,34683],{"href":34682},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,34684,2190],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,34687,34184],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[39,34690,485,34692,34417],{"id":34691},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,34693,34184],{},[20,34695,34696,34697,34699],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,34698,34184],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,34701,34702],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[44,34704,34706],{"className":46,"code":34705,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34707,34708,34717,34721,34732,34744,34748],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,34709,34710,34712,34714],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,34711,2912],{"class":59},[53,34713,31],{"class":63},[53,34715,34716],{"class":70}," 5\n",[53,34718,34719],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,34720,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,34722,34723,34726,34730],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,34724,34725],{"class":1954},"def",[53,34727,34729],{"class":34728},"sGLFI"," greet",[53,34731,21464],{"class":66},[53,34733,34734,34737,34739,34742],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,34735,34736],{"class":3764},"    return",[53,34738,240],{"class":228},[53,34740,34741],{"class":232},"Hello",[53,34743,1682],{"class":228},[53,34745,34746],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,34747,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,34749,34750,34752,34754,34756],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,34751,145],{"class":144},[53,34753,127],{"class":66},[53,34755,34245],{"class":144},[53,34757,7081],{"class":66},[20,34759,34760],{},"The output will include names like:",[194,34762,34763,34767],{},[197,34764,34765],{},[15,34766,2060],{},[197,34768,34769],{},[15,34770,34771],{},"greet",[20,34773,34774],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[194,34776,34777,34780,34783],{},[197,34778,34779],{},"what variables exist",[197,34781,34782],{},"what functions you have defined",[197,34784,34785],{},"what names are currently available",[20,34787,34788],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[39,34790,34792],{"id":34791},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,34794,34795,34796,34798],{},"When you first use ",[15,34797,34184],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,34800,211],{},[44,34802,34803],{"className":46,"code":34554,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,34804,34805,34817],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,34806,34807,34809,34811,34813,34815],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,34808,34561],{"class":59},[53,34810,31],{"class":63},[53,34812,240],{"class":228},[53,34814,3732],{"class":232},[53,34816,1682],{"class":228},[53,34818,34819,34821,34823,34825,34827,34829],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,34820,145],{"class":144},[53,34822,127],{"class":66},[53,34824,34245],{"class":144},[53,34826,127],{"class":66},[53,34828,34582],{"class":102},[53,34830,1713],{"class":66},[20,34832,34833],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[194,34835,34836,34840,34844],{},[197,34837,34838],{},[15,34839,34283],{},[197,34841,34842],{},[15,34843,34319],{},[197,34845,34846],{},[15,34847,34848],{},"__len__",[20,34850,34851],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,34853,34854],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[194,34856,34857,34861,34865,34869],{},[197,34858,34859],{},[15,34860,34351],{},[197,34862,34863],{},[15,34864,8527],{},[197,34866,34867],{},[15,34868,34342],{},[197,34870,34871],{},[15,34872,34873],{},"replace",[20,34875,34876],{},"A key point to remember:",[194,34878,34879,34887],{},[197,34880,34881,34883,34884],{},[15,34882,34184],{}," lists ",[34,34885,34886],{},"names only",[197,34888,34889,34890,34892],{},"it does ",[34,34891,36],{}," explain what each name does",[20,34894,34895,34896,99],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[758,34897,34899],{"href":34898},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,34900,34901],{},"help()",[20,34903,5356],{},[44,34905,34907],{"className":46,"code":34906,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34908,34909,34921],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,34910,34911,34913,34915,34917,34919],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,34912,1672],{"class":59},[53,34914,31],{"class":63},[53,34916,240],{"class":228},[53,34918,3732],{"class":232},[53,34920,1682],{"class":228},[53,34922,34923,34925,34927,34929,34931,34933],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,34924,32025],{"class":144},[53,34926,127],{"class":66},[53,34928,1710],{"class":102},[53,34930,99],{"class":66},[53,34932,34351],{"class":24620},[53,34934,133],{"class":66},[39,34936,34938,34940],{"id":34937},"dir-on-modules",[15,34939,34184],{}," on modules",[20,34942,15585,34943,34945],{},[15,34944,34184],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,34947,34948],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[1327,34950,34952,34953,34955],{"id":34951},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,34954,18284],{}," module",[44,34957,34959],{"className":46,"code":34958,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,34960,34961,34969,34973],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,34962,34963,34966],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,34964,34965],{"class":3764},"import",[53,34967,34968],{"class":59}," math\n",[53,34970,34971],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,34972,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,34974,34975,34977,34979,34981,34983,34985],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,34976,145],{"class":144},[53,34978,127],{"class":66},[53,34980,34245],{"class":144},[53,34982,127],{"class":66},[53,34984,18284],{"class":102},[53,34986,1713],{"class":66},[20,34988,34989],{},"You may see names like:",[194,34991,34992,34997,35002,35007],{},[197,34993,34994],{},[15,34995,34996],{},"sqrt",[197,34998,34999],{},[15,35000,35001],{},"ceil",[197,35003,35004],{},[15,35005,35006],{},"floor",[197,35008,35009],{},[15,35010,35011],{},"pi",[20,35013,35014],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,35016,35017],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[194,35019,35020,35026],{},[197,35021,35022],{},[758,35023,35025],{"href":35024},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[197,35027,35028],{},[758,35029,35031],{"href":35030},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[1327,35033,35035],{"id":35034},"another-example","Another example",[44,35037,35039],{"className":46,"code":35038,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,35040,35041,35048,35052],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,35042,35043,35045],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,35044,34965],{"class":3764},[53,35046,35047],{"class":59}," json\n",[53,35049,35050],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,35051,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,35053,35054,35056,35058,35060,35062,35065],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,35055,145],{"class":144},[53,35057,127],{"class":66},[53,35059,34245],{"class":144},[53,35061,127],{"class":66},[53,35063,35064],{"class":102},"json",[53,35066,1713],{"class":66},[20,35068,35069,35070,2076,35073,2076,35076,16942,35079,99],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,35071,35072],{},"dump",[15,35074,35075],{},"dumps",[15,35077,35078],{},"load",[15,35080,35081],{},"loads",[39,35083,35085,10474,35087],{"id":35084},"dir-vs-help",[15,35086,34184],{},[15,35088,34901],{},[20,35090,35091,960,35093,35095],{},[15,35092,34184],{},[15,35094,34901],{}," are often used together.",[1327,35097,35098],{"id":34245},[15,35099,34184],{},[194,35101,35102,35105],{},[197,35103,35104],{},"shows available names",[197,35106,35107],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[1327,35109,35110],{"id":32025},[15,35111,34901],{},[194,35113,35114,35117],{},[197,35115,35116],{},"explains what an object or function does",[197,35118,35119],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,35121,35122],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[44,35124,35126],{"className":46,"code":35125,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35127,35128,35140,35144,35158],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,35129,35130,35132,35134,35136,35138],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,35131,1672],{"class":59},[53,35133,31],{"class":63},[53,35135,240],{"class":228},[53,35137,3732],{"class":232},[53,35139,1682],{"class":228},[53,35141,35142],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,35143,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,35145,35146,35148,35150,35152,35154,35156],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,35147,145],{"class":144},[53,35149,127],{"class":66},[53,35151,34245],{"class":144},[53,35153,127],{"class":66},[53,35155,1710],{"class":102},[53,35157,1713],{"class":66},[53,35159,35160,35162,35164,35166,35168,35170],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,35161,32025],{"class":144},[53,35163,127],{"class":66},[53,35165,1710],{"class":102},[53,35167,99],{"class":66},[53,35169,34351],{"class":24620},[53,35171,133],{"class":66},[20,35173,174,35174,35176,35177,35179,35180,35182],{},[15,35175,34184],{}," first to find a method name.",[9735,35178],{},"\nThen use ",[15,35181,34901],{}," to understand how to use it.",[39,35184,25228],{"id":25227},[20,35186,35187],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[1327,35189,35191,35193],{"id":35190},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,35192,34184],{}," returns names, not values",[20,35195,35196,35198],{},[15,35197,34184],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,35200,35201,35202,35204,35205,35208],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,35203,34351],{}," in ",[15,35206,35207],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[1327,35210,35212],{"id":35211},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,35214,35215],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,35217,35218],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[1327,35220,35222],{"id":35221},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,35224,35225],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,35227,5356],{},[194,35229,35230,35235,35241],{},[197,35231,35232,35234],{},[15,35233,35207],{}," shows string-related names",[197,35236,35237,35240],{},[15,35238,35239],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[197,35242,35243,35246,35247,34955],{},[15,35244,35245],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,35248,18284],{},[1327,35250,35252],{"id":35251},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,35254,35255,35256,35258],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,35257,34184],{}," does not mean you already know:",[194,35260,35261,35264,35267],{},[197,35262,35263],{},"what it does",[197,35265,35266],{},"what arguments it needs",[197,35268,35269],{},"what it returns",[20,35271,35272,35273,35275],{},"That is why ",[15,35274,34901],{}," is the natural next step.",[39,35277,2716],{"id":2715},[20,35279,35280,35281,35283],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,35282,34184],{}," in these situations:",[194,35285,35286,35289,35298,35301],{},[197,35287,35288],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[197,35290,35291,35292,35297],{},"Seeing an ",[758,35293,35295],{"href":35294},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,35296,25541],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[197,35299,35300],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[197,35302,485,35303,35305,35306],{},[15,35304,34184],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,35307,34901],{},[20,35309,35310],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[44,35312,35314],{"className":46,"code":35313,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35315,35316,35328,35332,35346,35360],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,35317,35318,35320,35322,35324,35326],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,35319,1672],{"class":59},[53,35321,31],{"class":63},[53,35323,240],{"class":228},[53,35325,3732],{"class":232},[53,35327,1682],{"class":228},[53,35329,35330],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,35331,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,35333,35334,35336,35338,35340,35342,35344],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,35335,145],{"class":144},[53,35337,127],{"class":66},[53,35339,1705],{"class":1704},[53,35341,127],{"class":66},[53,35343,1710],{"class":102},[53,35345,1713],{"class":66},[53,35347,35348,35350,35352,35354,35356,35358],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,35349,145],{"class":144},[53,35351,127],{"class":66},[53,35353,34245],{"class":144},[53,35355,127],{"class":66},[53,35357,1710],{"class":102},[53,35359,1713],{"class":66},[53,35361,35362,35364,35366,35368,35370,35372],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,35363,32025],{"class":144},[53,35365,127],{"class":66},[53,35367,1710],{"class":102},[53,35369,99],{"class":66},[53,35371,34351],{"class":24620},[53,35373,133],{"class":66},[20,35375,35376],{},"And for modules:",[44,35378,35379],{"className":46,"code":34958,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,35380,35381,35387,35391],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,35382,35383,35385],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,35384,34965],{"class":3764},[53,35386,34968],{"class":59},[53,35388,35389],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,35390,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,35392,35393,35395,35397,35399,35401,35403],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,35394,145],{"class":144},[53,35396,127],{"class":66},[53,35398,34245],{"class":144},[53,35400,127],{"class":66},[53,35402,18284],{"class":102},[53,35404,1713],{"class":66},[20,35406,35407],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[44,35409,35411],{"className":46,"code":35410,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,35412,35413,35418,35430,35440,35454,35460],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,35414,35415],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,35416,35417],{"class":59},"python\n",[53,35419,35420,35422,35424,35426,35428],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,35421,1672],{"class":59},[53,35423,31],{"class":63},[53,35425,240],{"class":228},[53,35427,3732],{"class":232},[53,35429,1682],{"class":228},[53,35431,35432,35434,35436,35438],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,35433,34245],{"class":144},[53,35435,127],{"class":66},[53,35437,1710],{"class":102},[53,35439,133],{"class":66},[53,35441,35442,35444,35446,35448,35450,35452],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,35443,32025],{"class":144},[53,35445,127],{"class":66},[53,35447,1710],{"class":102},[53,35449,99],{"class":66},[53,35451,34351],{"class":24620},[53,35453,133],{"class":66},[53,35455,35456,35458],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,35457,34965],{"class":3764},[53,35459,34968],{"class":59},[53,35461,35462,35464,35466,35468],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,35463,34245],{"class":144},[53,35465,127],{"class":66},[53,35467,18284],{"class":102},[53,35469,133],{"class":66},[39,35471,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,35473,5025,35475,5028],{"id":35474},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,35476,34184],{},[20,35478,35479],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[1327,35481,1739,35483,960,35485,1744],{"id":35482},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,35484,34184],{},[15,35486,34901],{},[20,35488,35489,35491,35492,35494],{},[15,35490,34184],{}," lists available names. ",[15,35493,34901],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[1327,35496,35498,35499,35501],{"id":35497},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,35500,34184],{}," output?",[20,35503,35504],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[1327,35506,5053,35508,35510,35511,1744],{"id":35507},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,35509,34184],{}," help fix ",[15,35512,25541],{},[20,35514,35515,35516,99],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[758,35517,35518],{"href":35294},"object has no attribute",[39,35520,1788],{"id":1787},[194,35522,35523,35529,35534,35538,35542],{},[197,35524,35525],{},[758,35526,3463,35527,3396],{"href":34898},[15,35528,34901],{},[197,35530,35531],{},[758,35532,35533],{"href":35294},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[197,35535,35536],{},[758,35537,35025],{"href":35024},[197,35539,35540],{},[758,35541,35031],{"href":35030},[197,35543,35544],{},[758,35545,3463,35546,3396],{"href":34682},[15,35547,2190],{},[20,35549,35550,35551,35553,35554,35556],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,35552,34184],{}," together with ",[15,35555,34901],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[1817,35558,35559],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":35561},[35562,35563,35565,35570,35575,35577,35578,35584,35589,35596,35597,35607],{"id":41,"depth":88,"text":42},{"id":34361,"depth":88,"text":35564},"What dir() does",{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372,"children":35566},[35567,35569],{"id":34414,"depth":109,"text":35568},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34470,"depth":109,"text":34256},{"id":34538,"depth":88,"text":35571,"children":35572},"Using dir() with a value",[35573,35574],{"id":34550,"depth":109,"text":34551},{"id":34611,"depth":109,"text":34612},{"id":34691,"depth":88,"text":35576},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":34791,"depth":88,"text":34792},{"id":34937,"depth":88,"text":35579,"children":35580},"dir() on modules",[35581,35583],{"id":34951,"depth":109,"text":35582},"Example: math module",{"id":35034,"depth":109,"text":35035},{"id":35084,"depth":88,"text":35585,"children":35586},"dir() vs help()",[35587,35588],{"id":34245,"depth":109,"text":34184},{"id":32025,"depth":109,"text":34901},{"id":25227,"depth":88,"text":25228,"children":35590},[35591,35593,35594,35595],{"id":35190,"depth":109,"text":35592},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35211,"depth":109,"text":35212},{"id":35221,"depth":109,"text":35222},{"id":35251,"depth":109,"text":35252},{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":35598},[35599,35601,35603,35605],{"id":35474,"depth":109,"text":35600},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35482,"depth":109,"text":35602},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35497,"depth":109,"text":35604},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35507,"depth":109,"text":35606},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34176,"description":35608},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35615,"title":35616,"body":35617,"description":37434,"extension":1853,"meta":37435,"navigation":112,"path":37436,"seo":37437,"stem":37438,"__hash__":37439},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35618,"toc":37403},[35619,35625,35630,35633,35641,35647,35649,35729,35731,35757,35762,35767,35772,35775,35786,35789,35791,35870,35872,35898,35905,35907,35909,35934,35937,35950,35955,35957,36038,36040,36065,36074,36079,36087,36093,36100,36103,36105,36182,36185,36242,36244,36281,36287,36292,36297,36300,36314,36316,36419,36421,36464,36473,36483,36490,36496,36503,36586,36588,36611,36614,36617,36619,36623,36627,36630,36693,36716,36719,36723,36729,36731,36798,36801,36878,36883,36889,36892,36895,36941,36943,36967,36972,36976,36981,36987,37050,37053,37055,37058,37083,37086,37221,37223,37324,37326,37331,37334,37340,37350,37358,37363,37369,37375,37377,37400],[10,35620,3463,35622,3467],{"id":35621},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,35623,35624],{},"enumerate()",[20,35626,35627,35629],{},[15,35628,35624],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,35631,35632],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[194,35634,35635,35638],{},[197,35636,35637],{},"the item itself",[197,35639,35640],{},"its index in the loop",[20,35642,35643,35644,35646],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,35645,35624],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[39,35648,42],{"id":41},[44,35650,35652],{"className":46,"code":35651,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,35653,35654,35686,35690,35713],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,35655,35656,35658,35660,35662,35664,35666,35668,35670,35672,35674,35676,35678,35680,35682,35684],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,35657,1025],{"class":59},[53,35659,31],{"class":63},[53,35661,67],{"class":66},[53,35663,229],{"class":228},[53,35665,1034],{"class":232},[53,35667,229],{"class":228},[53,35669,74],{"class":66},[53,35671,240],{"class":228},[53,35673,17324],{"class":232},[53,35675,229],{"class":228},[53,35677,74],{"class":66},[53,35679,240],{"class":228},[53,35681,1043],{"class":232},[53,35683,229],{"class":228},[53,35685,85],{"class":66},[53,35687,35688],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,35689,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,35691,35692,35694,35697,35699,35702,35704,35707,35709,35711],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,35693,5843],{"class":3764},[53,35695,35696],{"class":59}," index",[53,35698,74],{"class":66},[53,35700,35701],{"class":59}," color ",[53,35703,3771],{"class":3764},[53,35705,35706],{"class":144}," enumerate",[53,35708,127],{"class":66},[53,35710,1115],{"class":102},[53,35712,8228],{"class":66},[53,35714,35715,35717,35719,35722,35724,35727],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,35716,7954],{"class":144},[53,35718,127],{"class":66},[53,35720,35721],{"class":102},"index",[53,35723,74],{"class":66},[53,35725,35726],{"class":102}," color",[53,35728,133],{"class":66},[20,35730,301],{},[44,35732,35734],{"className":46,"code":35733,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,35735,35736,35743,35750],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,35737,35738,35740],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,35739,852],{"class":70},[53,35741,35742],{"class":59}," red\n",[53,35744,35745,35747],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,35746,71],{"class":70},[53,35748,35749],{"class":59}," green\n",[53,35751,35752,35754],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,35753,1589],{"class":70},[53,35755,35756],{"class":59}," blue\n",[20,35758,174,35759,35761],{},[15,35760,35624],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[39,35763,184,35765,187],{"id":35764},"what-enumerate-does",[15,35766,35624],{},[20,35768,35769,35771],{},[15,35770,35624],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,35773,35774],{},"It is commonly used with:",[194,35776,35777,35779,35781,35783],{},[197,35778,5183],{},[197,35780,5186],{},[197,35782,5192],{},[197,35784,35785],{},"other iterable objects",[20,35787,35788],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,35790,211],{},[44,35792,35794],{"className":46,"code":35793,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,35795,35796,35830,35834,35855],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,35797,35798,35800,35802,35804,35806,35808,35810,35812,35814,35817,35819,35821,35823,35826,35828],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,35799,4880],{"class":59},[53,35801,31],{"class":63},[53,35803,67],{"class":66},[53,35805,229],{"class":228},[53,35807,12765],{"class":232},[53,35809,229],{"class":228},[53,35811,74],{"class":66},[53,35813,240],{"class":228},[53,35815,35816],{"class":232},"Ben",[53,35818,229],{"class":228},[53,35820,74],{"class":66},[53,35822,240],{"class":228},[53,35824,35825],{"class":232},"Cara",[53,35827,229],{"class":228},[53,35829,85],{"class":66},[53,35831,35832],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,35833,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,35835,35836,35838,35840,35842,35845,35847,35849,35851,35853],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,35837,5843],{"class":3764},[53,35839,35696],{"class":59},[53,35841,74],{"class":66},[53,35843,35844],{"class":59}," name ",[53,35846,3771],{"class":3764},[53,35848,35706],{"class":144},[53,35850,127],{"class":66},[53,35852,4923],{"class":102},[53,35854,8228],{"class":66},[53,35856,35857,35859,35861,35863,35865,35868],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,35858,7954],{"class":144},[53,35860,127],{"class":66},[53,35862,35721],{"class":102},[53,35864,74],{"class":66},[53,35866,35867],{"class":102}," name",[53,35869,133],{"class":66},[20,35871,301],{},[44,35873,35875],{"className":46,"code":35874,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,35876,35877,35884,35891],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,35878,35879,35881],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,35880,852],{"class":70},[53,35882,35883],{"class":59}," Ana\n",[53,35885,35886,35888],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,35887,71],{"class":70},[53,35889,35890],{"class":59}," Ben\n",[53,35892,35893,35895],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,35894,1589],{"class":70},[53,35896,35897],{"class":59}," Cara\n",[20,35899,35900,35901,99],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[758,35902,35904],{"href":35903},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[39,35906,372],{"id":371},[20,35908,375],{},[44,35910,35912],{"className":46,"code":35911,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,35913,35914],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,35915,35916,35919,35921,35923,35925,35928,35930,35932],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,35917,35918],{"class":144},"enumerate",[53,35920,127],{"class":66},[53,35922,3606],{"class":102},[53,35924,74],{"class":66},[53,35926,35927],{"class":9063}," start",[53,35929,31],{"class":63},[53,35931,852],{"class":70},[53,35933,133],{"class":66},[20,35935,35936],{},"It has two parts:",[194,35938,35939,35944],{},[197,35940,35941,35943],{},[15,35942,3606],{},": the object you want to loop through",[197,35945,35946,35949],{},[15,35947,35948],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[20,35951,35952,35953,99],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,35954,852],{},[20,35956,211],{},[44,35958,35960],{"className":46,"code":35959,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,35961,35962,35995,35999,36022],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,35963,35964,35967,35969,35971,35973,35975,35977,35979,35981,35983,35985,35987,35989,35991,35993],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,35965,35966],{"class":59},"letters ",[53,35968,31],{"class":63},[53,35970,67],{"class":66},[53,35972,229],{"class":228},[53,35974,758],{"class":232},[53,35976,229],{"class":228},[53,35978,74],{"class":66},[53,35980,240],{"class":228},[53,35982,1376],{"class":232},[53,35984,229],{"class":228},[53,35986,74],{"class":66},[53,35988,240],{"class":228},[53,35990,9628],{"class":232},[53,35992,229],{"class":228},[53,35994,85],{"class":66},[53,35996,35997],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,35998,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,36000,36001,36003,36006,36008,36011,36013,36015,36017,36020],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,36002,5843],{"class":3764},[53,36004,36005],{"class":59}," i",[53,36007,74],{"class":66},[53,36009,36010],{"class":59}," letter ",[53,36012,3771],{"class":3764},[53,36014,35706],{"class":144},[53,36016,127],{"class":66},[53,36018,36019],{"class":102},"letters",[53,36021,8228],{"class":66},[53,36023,36024,36026,36028,36031,36033,36036],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,36025,7954],{"class":144},[53,36027,127],{"class":66},[53,36029,36030],{"class":102},"i",[53,36032,74],{"class":66},[53,36034,36035],{"class":102}," letter",[53,36037,133],{"class":66},[20,36039,301],{},[44,36041,36043],{"className":46,"code":36042,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,36044,36045,36051,36058],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,36046,36047,36049],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,36048,852],{"class":70},[53,36050,1371],{"class":59},[53,36052,36053,36055],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,36054,71],{"class":70},[53,36056,36057],{"class":59}," b\n",[53,36059,36060,36062],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,36061,1589],{"class":70},[53,36063,36064],{"class":59}," c\n",[20,36066,36067,36068,99],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[758,36069,3463,36071,3396],{"href":36070},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,36072,36073],{},"range()",[39,36075,184,36077,11595],{"id":36076},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,36078,35624],{},[20,36080,36081,36083,36084,99],{},[15,36082,35624],{}," returns an ",[34,36085,36086],{},"enumerate object",[20,36088,36089,36090,36092],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,36091,5843],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[194,36094,36095],{},[197,36096,36097],{},[15,36098,36099],{},"(index, item)",[20,36101,36102],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,36104,211],{},[44,36106,36108],{"className":46,"code":36107,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,36109,36110,36142,36146,36167],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,36111,36112,36114,36116,36118,36120,36122,36124,36126,36128,36130,36132,36134,36136,36138,36140],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,36113,221],{"class":59},[53,36115,31],{"class":63},[53,36117,67],{"class":66},[53,36119,229],{"class":228},[53,36121,233],{"class":232},[53,36123,229],{"class":228},[53,36125,74],{"class":66},[53,36127,240],{"class":228},[53,36129,243],{"class":232},[53,36131,229],{"class":228},[53,36133,74],{"class":66},[53,36135,240],{"class":228},[53,36137,252],{"class":232},[53,36139,229],{"class":228},[53,36141,85],{"class":66},[53,36143,36144],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,36145,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,36147,36148,36150,36152,36154,36157,36159,36161,36163,36165],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,36149,5843],{"class":3764},[53,36151,35696],{"class":59},[53,36153,74],{"class":66},[53,36155,36156],{"class":59}," fruit ",[53,36158,3771],{"class":3764},[53,36160,35706],{"class":144},[53,36162,127],{"class":66},[53,36164,285],{"class":102},[53,36166,8228],{"class":66},[53,36168,36169,36171,36173,36175,36177,36180],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,36170,7954],{"class":144},[53,36172,127],{"class":66},[53,36174,35721],{"class":102},[53,36176,74],{"class":66},[53,36178,36179],{"class":102}," fruit",[53,36181,133],{"class":66},[20,36183,36184],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[44,36186,36188],{"className":46,"code":36187,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,36189,36190,36210,36214,36232],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,36191,36192,36194,36196,36198,36200,36202,36204,36206,36208],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,36193,60],{"class":59},[53,36195,31],{"class":63},[53,36197,67],{"class":66},[53,36199,1188],{"class":70},[53,36201,74],{"class":66},[53,36203,1193],{"class":70},[53,36205,74],{"class":66},[53,36207,1198],{"class":70},[53,36209,85],{"class":66},[53,36211,36212],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,36213,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,36215,36216,36218,36220,36222,36224,36226,36228,36230],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,36217,2117],{"class":59},[53,36219,31],{"class":63},[53,36221,22429],{"class":1704},[53,36223,127],{"class":66},[53,36225,35918],{"class":144},[53,36227,127],{"class":66},[53,36229,150],{"class":102},[53,36231,1713],{"class":66},[53,36233,36234,36236,36238,36240],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,36235,145],{"class":144},[53,36237,127],{"class":66},[53,36239,2152],{"class":102},[53,36241,133],{"class":66},[20,36243,301],{},[44,36245,36247],{"className":46,"code":36246,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,36248,36249],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,36250,36251,36253,36255,36257,36259,36261,36263,36265,36267,36269,36271,36273,36275,36277,36279],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,36252,21609],{"class":66},[53,36254,852],{"class":70},[53,36256,74],{"class":66},[53,36258,5890],{"class":70},[53,36260,9121],{"class":66},[53,36262,9124],{"class":66},[53,36264,71],{"class":70},[53,36266,74],{"class":66},[53,36268,1193],{"class":70},[53,36270,9121],{"class":66},[53,36272,9124],{"class":66},[53,36274,1589],{"class":70},[53,36276,74],{"class":66},[53,36278,1198],{"class":70},[53,36280,9137],{"class":66},[20,36282,36283,36284,36286],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,36285,35624],{}," produces.",[39,36288,1145,36290],{"id":36289},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,36291,35624],{},[20,36293,174,36294,36296],{},[15,36295,35624],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,36298,36299],{},"Common cases:",[194,36301,36302,36305,36308,36311],{},[197,36303,36304],{},"printing numbered output",[197,36306,36307],{},"building menus",[197,36309,36310],{},"showing positions in a list",[197,36312,36313],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,36315,211],{},[44,36317,36319],{"className":46,"code":36318,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,36320,36321,36356,36360,36390],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,36322,36323,36325,36327,36329,36331,36334,36336,36338,36340,36343,36345,36347,36349,36352,36354],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,36324,29769],{"class":59},[53,36326,31],{"class":63},[53,36328,67],{"class":66},[53,36330,229],{"class":228},[53,36332,36333],{"class":232},"Wash dishes",[53,36335,229],{"class":228},[53,36337,74],{"class":66},[53,36339,240],{"class":228},[53,36341,36342],{"class":232},"Study Python",[53,36344,229],{"class":228},[53,36346,74],{"class":66},[53,36348,240],{"class":228},[53,36350,36351],{"class":232},"Go for a walk",[53,36353,229],{"class":228},[53,36355,85],{"class":66},[53,36357,36358],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,36359,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,36361,36362,36364,36366,36368,36371,36373,36375,36377,36380,36382,36384,36386,36388],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,36363,5843],{"class":3764},[53,36365,2084],{"class":59},[53,36367,74],{"class":66},[53,36369,36370],{"class":59}," task ",[53,36372,3771],{"class":3764},[53,36374,35706],{"class":144},[53,36376,127],{"class":66},[53,36378,36379],{"class":102},"tasks",[53,36381,74],{"class":66},[53,36383,35927],{"class":9063},[53,36385,31],{"class":63},[53,36387,71],{"class":70},[53,36389,8228],{"class":66},[53,36391,36392,36394,36396,36398,36400,36402,36404,36406,36408,36410,36413,36415,36417],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,36393,7954],{"class":144},[53,36395,127],{"class":66},[53,36397,22163],{"class":1954},[53,36399,229],{"class":232},[53,36401,9166],{"class":70},[53,36403,2127],{"class":102},[53,36405,22172],{"class":70},[53,36407,28184],{"class":232},[53,36409,9166],{"class":70},[53,36411,36412],{"class":102},"task",[53,36414,22172],{"class":70},[53,36416,229],{"class":232},[53,36418,133],{"class":66},[20,36420,301],{},[44,36422,36424],{"className":46,"code":36423,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,36425,36426,36438,36450],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,36427,36428,36430,36432,36435],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,36429,71],{"class":70},[53,36431,99],{"class":66},[53,36433,36434],{"class":24620}," Wash",[53,36436,36437],{"class":59}," dishes\n",[53,36439,36440,36442,36444,36447],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,36441,1589],{"class":70},[53,36443,99],{"class":66},[53,36445,36446],{"class":24620}," Study",[53,36448,36449],{"class":59}," Python\n",[53,36451,36452,36454,36456,36459,36461],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,36453,815],{"class":70},[53,36455,99],{"class":66},[53,36457,36458],{"class":24620}," Go",[53,36460,3765],{"class":3764},[53,36462,36463],{"class":59}," a walk\n",[20,36465,36466,36467,36469,36470,99],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,36468,35624],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,36471,36472],{},"range(len(...))",[20,36474,36475,36476,99],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[758,36477,36479,36480,36482],{"href":36478},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,36481,35624],{}," in Python",[39,36484,36486,36487,36489],{"id":36485},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,36488,35948],{}," argument",[20,36491,36492,36493,36495],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,36494,35948],{}," argument.",[20,36497,36498,36499,10980,36501,192],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,36500,71],{},[15,36502,852],{},[44,36504,36506],{"className":46,"code":36505,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36507,36508,36540,36544,36572],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,36509,36510,36512,36514,36516,36518,36520,36522,36524,36526,36528,36530,36532,36534,36536,36538],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,36511,1025],{"class":59},[53,36513,31],{"class":63},[53,36515,67],{"class":66},[53,36517,229],{"class":228},[53,36519,1034],{"class":232},[53,36521,229],{"class":228},[53,36523,74],{"class":66},[53,36525,240],{"class":228},[53,36527,17324],{"class":232},[53,36529,229],{"class":228},[53,36531,74],{"class":66},[53,36533,240],{"class":228},[53,36535,1043],{"class":232},[53,36537,229],{"class":228},[53,36539,85],{"class":66},[53,36541,36542],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,36543,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,36545,36546,36548,36550,36552,36554,36556,36558,36560,36562,36564,36566,36568,36570],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,36547,5843],{"class":3764},[53,36549,35696],{"class":59},[53,36551,74],{"class":66},[53,36553,35701],{"class":59},[53,36555,3771],{"class":3764},[53,36557,35706],{"class":144},[53,36559,127],{"class":66},[53,36561,1115],{"class":102},[53,36563,74],{"class":66},[53,36565,35927],{"class":9063},[53,36567,31],{"class":63},[53,36569,71],{"class":70},[53,36571,8228],{"class":66},[53,36573,36574,36576,36578,36580,36582,36584],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,36575,7954],{"class":144},[53,36577,127],{"class":66},[53,36579,35721],{"class":102},[53,36581,74],{"class":66},[53,36583,35726],{"class":102},[53,36585,133],{"class":66},[20,36587,301],{},[44,36589,36591],{"className":46,"code":36590,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,36592,36593,36599,36605],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,36594,36595,36597],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,36596,71],{"class":70},[53,36598,35742],{"class":59},[53,36600,36601,36603],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,36602,1589],{"class":70},[53,36604,35749],{"class":59},[53,36606,36607,36609],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,36608,815],{"class":70},[53,36610,35756],{"class":59},[20,36612,36613],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,36615,36616],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[39,36618,25228],{"id":25227},[20,36620,25231,36621,99],{},[15,36622,35624],{},[1327,36624,36626],{"id":36625},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,36628,36629],{},"In this loop:",[44,36631,36633],{"className":46,"code":36632,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,36634,36635,36655,36659,36679],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,36636,36637,36639,36641,36643,36645,36647,36649,36651,36653],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,36638,60],{"class":59},[53,36640,31],{"class":63},[53,36642,67],{"class":66},[53,36644,1188],{"class":70},[53,36646,74],{"class":66},[53,36648,1193],{"class":70},[53,36650,74],{"class":66},[53,36652,1198],{"class":70},[53,36654,85],{"class":66},[53,36656,36657],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,36658,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,36660,36661,36663,36665,36667,36669,36671,36673,36675,36677],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,36662,5843],{"class":3764},[53,36664,35696],{"class":59},[53,36666,74],{"class":66},[53,36668,21453],{"class":59},[53,36670,3771],{"class":3764},[53,36672,35706],{"class":144},[53,36674,127],{"class":66},[53,36676,150],{"class":102},[53,36678,8228],{"class":66},[53,36680,36681,36683,36685,36687,36689,36691],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,36682,7954],{"class":144},[53,36684,127],{"class":66},[53,36686,35721],{"class":102},[53,36688,74],{"class":66},[53,36690,8319],{"class":102},[53,36692,133],{"class":66},[194,36694,36695,36705],{},[197,36696,36697,4669,36699,2076,36701,2076,36703],{},[15,36698,35721],{},[15,36700,852],{},[15,36702,71],{},[15,36704,1589],{},[197,36706,36707,4669,36709,2076,36711,2076,36713],{},[15,36708,2360],{},[15,36710,1188],{},[15,36712,15625],{},[15,36714,36715],{},"30",[20,36717,36718],{},"These are different things.",[1327,36720,36722],{"id":36721},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,36724,36725,36726,36728],{},"Each item from ",[15,36727,35624],{}," is a pair.",[20,36730,6574],{},[44,36732,36734],{"className":46,"code":36733,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,36735,36736,36760,36764,36784],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,36737,36738,36740,36742,36744,36746,36748,36750,36752,36754,36756,36758],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,36739,7667],{"class":59},[53,36741,31],{"class":63},[53,36743,67],{"class":66},[53,36745,229],{"class":228},[53,36747,2060],{"class":232},[53,36749,229],{"class":228},[53,36751,74],{"class":66},[53,36753,240],{"class":228},[53,36755,11635],{"class":232},[53,36757,229],{"class":228},[53,36759,85],{"class":66},[53,36761,36762],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,36763,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,36765,36766,36768,36770,36772,36774,36776,36778,36780,36782],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,36767,5843],{"class":3764},[53,36769,36005],{"class":59},[53,36771,74],{"class":66},[53,36773,5846],{"class":59},[53,36775,3771],{"class":3764},[53,36777,35706],{"class":144},[53,36779,127],{"class":66},[53,36781,7696],{"class":102},[53,36783,8228],{"class":66},[53,36785,36786,36788,36790,36792,36794,36796],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,36787,7954],{"class":144},[53,36789,127],{"class":66},[53,36791,36030],{"class":102},[53,36793,74],{"class":66},[53,36795,29378],{"class":102},[53,36797,133],{"class":66},[20,36799,36800],{},"But this causes an error:",[44,36802,36804],{"className":46,"code":36803,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,36805,36806,36830,36834,36859],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,36807,36808,36810,36812,36814,36816,36818,36820,36822,36824,36826,36828],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,36809,7667],{"class":59},[53,36811,31],{"class":63},[53,36813,67],{"class":66},[53,36815,229],{"class":228},[53,36817,2060],{"class":232},[53,36819,229],{"class":228},[53,36821,74],{"class":66},[53,36823,240],{"class":228},[53,36825,11635],{"class":232},[53,36827,229],{"class":228},[53,36829,85],{"class":66},[53,36831,36832],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,36833,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,36835,36836,36838,36840,36842,36844,36846,36849,36851,36853,36855,36857],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,36837,5843],{"class":3764},[53,36839,36005],{"class":59},[53,36841,74],{"class":66},[53,36843,29378],{"class":59},[53,36845,74],{"class":66},[53,36847,36848],{"class":59}," extra ",[53,36850,3771],{"class":3764},[53,36852,35706],{"class":144},[53,36854,127],{"class":66},[53,36856,7696],{"class":102},[53,36858,8228],{"class":66},[53,36860,36861,36863,36865,36867,36869,36871,36873,36876],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,36862,7954],{"class":144},[53,36864,127],{"class":66},[53,36866,36030],{"class":102},[53,36868,74],{"class":66},[53,36870,29378],{"class":102},[53,36872,74],{"class":66},[53,36874,36875],{"class":102}," extra",[53,36877,133],{"class":66},[20,36879,28932,36880,36882],{},[15,36881,35624],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[1327,36884,36886,36888],{"id":36885},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,36887,35624],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,36890,36891],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,36893,36894],{},"Example with a string:",[44,36896,36898],{"className":46,"code":36897,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,36899,36900,36926],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,36901,36902,36904,36906,36908,36911,36913,36915,36917,36919,36922,36924],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,36903,5843],{"class":3764},[53,36905,35696],{"class":59},[53,36907,74],{"class":66},[53,36909,36910],{"class":59}," char ",[53,36912,3771],{"class":3764},[53,36914,35706],{"class":144},[53,36916,127],{"class":66},[53,36918,229],{"class":228},[53,36920,36921],{"class":232},"cat",[53,36923,229],{"class":228},[53,36925,8228],{"class":66},[53,36927,36928,36930,36932,36934,36936,36939],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,36929,7954],{"class":144},[53,36931,127],{"class":66},[53,36933,35721],{"class":102},[53,36935,74],{"class":66},[53,36937,36938],{"class":102}," char",[53,36940,133],{"class":66},[20,36942,301],{},[44,36944,36946],{"className":46,"code":36945,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,36947,36948,36954,36960],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,36949,36950,36952],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,36951,852],{"class":70},[53,36953,36064],{"class":59},[53,36955,36956,36958],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,36957,71],{"class":70},[53,36959,1371],{"class":59},[53,36961,36962,36964],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,36963,1589],{"class":70},[53,36965,36966],{"class":59}," t\n",[20,36968,36969,36970,99],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[758,36971,5019],{"href":5471},[1327,36973,36975],{"id":36974},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,36977,36978,36979,99],{},"You do not always need ",[15,36980,35624],{},[20,36982,36983,36984,36986],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,36985,5843],{}," loop:",[44,36988,36990],{"className":46,"code":36989,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,36991,36992,37024,37028,37040],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,36993,36994,36996,36998,37000,37002,37004,37006,37008,37010,37012,37014,37016,37018,37020,37022],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,36995,1025],{"class":59},[53,36997,31],{"class":63},[53,36999,67],{"class":66},[53,37001,229],{"class":228},[53,37003,1034],{"class":232},[53,37005,229],{"class":228},[53,37007,74],{"class":66},[53,37009,240],{"class":228},[53,37011,17324],{"class":232},[53,37013,229],{"class":228},[53,37015,74],{"class":66},[53,37017,240],{"class":228},[53,37019,1043],{"class":232},[53,37021,229],{"class":228},[53,37023,85],{"class":66},[53,37025,37026],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,37027,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,37029,37030,37032,37034,37036,37038],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,37031,5843],{"class":3764},[53,37033,35701],{"class":59},[53,37035,3771],{"class":3764},[53,37037,1057],{"class":59},[53,37039,6280],{"class":66},[53,37041,37042,37044,37046,37048],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,37043,7954],{"class":144},[53,37045,127],{"class":66},[53,37047,32764],{"class":102},[53,37049,133],{"class":66},[20,37051,37052],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[39,37054,2716],{"id":2715},[20,37056,37057],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[194,37059,37060,37065,37071,37076],{},[197,37061,22970,37062,37064],{},[15,37063,35624],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[197,37066,37067,37068,37070],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,37069,852],{}," by default",[197,37072,485,37073,37075],{},[15,37074,35624],{}," when only values are needed",[197,37077,37078,37079,8591,37081],{},"Confusing ",[15,37080,35624],{},[15,37082,36073],{},[20,37084,37085],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[44,37087,37089],{"className":46,"code":37088,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,37090,37091,37113,37140,37174,37207],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,37092,37093,37095,37097,37099,37101,37103,37105,37107,37109,37111],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,37094,145],{"class":144},[53,37096,127],{"class":66},[53,37098,35918],{"class":144},[53,37100,2873],{"class":66},[53,37102,1188],{"class":70},[53,37104,74],{"class":66},[53,37106,1193],{"class":70},[53,37108,74],{"class":66},[53,37110,1198],{"class":70},[53,37112,2886],{"class":66},[53,37114,37115,37117,37119,37121,37123,37125,37127,37129,37131,37133,37135,37137],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,37116,145],{"class":144},[53,37118,127],{"class":66},[53,37120,7979],{"class":1704},[53,37122,127],{"class":66},[53,37124,35918],{"class":144},[53,37126,2873],{"class":66},[53,37128,1188],{"class":70},[53,37130,74],{"class":66},[53,37132,1193],{"class":70},[53,37134,74],{"class":66},[53,37136,1198],{"class":70},[53,37138,37139],{"class":66},"])))\n",[53,37141,37142,37144,37146,37148,37150,37152,37154,37156,37158,37160,37162,37164,37166,37168,37170,37172],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,37143,145],{"class":144},[53,37145,127],{"class":66},[53,37147,7979],{"class":1704},[53,37149,127],{"class":66},[53,37151,35918],{"class":144},[53,37153,2873],{"class":66},[53,37155,1188],{"class":70},[53,37157,74],{"class":66},[53,37159,1193],{"class":70},[53,37161,74],{"class":66},[53,37163,1198],{"class":70},[53,37165,810],{"class":66},[53,37167,35927],{"class":9063},[53,37169,31],{"class":63},[53,37171,71],{"class":70},[53,37173,2799],{"class":66},[53,37175,37176,37178,37180,37182,37184,37186,37188,37190,37192,37194,37196,37198,37200,37202,37204],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,37177,5843],{"class":3764},[53,37179,36005],{"class":59},[53,37181,74],{"class":66},[53,37183,21453],{"class":59},[53,37185,3771],{"class":3764},[53,37187,35706],{"class":144},[53,37189,2873],{"class":66},[53,37191,314],{"class":228},[53,37193,758],{"class":232},[53,37195,314],{"class":228},[53,37197,74],{"class":66},[53,37199,323],{"class":228},[53,37201,1376],{"class":232},[53,37203,314],{"class":228},[53,37205,37206],{"class":66},"]):\n",[53,37208,37209,37211,37213,37215,37217,37219],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,37210,7954],{"class":144},[53,37212,127],{"class":66},[53,37214,36030],{"class":102},[53,37216,74],{"class":66},[53,37218,8319],{"class":102},[53,37220,133],{"class":66},[20,37222,16828],{},[44,37224,37226],{"className":46,"code":37225,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,37227,37228,37248,37280,37312,37318],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,37229,37230,37232,37234,37236,37239,37243,37246],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,37231,3178],{"class":63},[53,37233,35918],{"class":144},[53,37235,24487],{"class":1704},[53,37237,37238],{"class":59}," at ",[53,37240,37242],{"class":37241},"srjyR","0x",[53,37244,37245],{"class":34326},"...",[53,37247,3190],{"class":63},[53,37249,37250,37252,37254,37256,37258,37260,37262,37264,37266,37268,37270,37272,37274,37276,37278],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,37251,21609],{"class":66},[53,37253,852],{"class":70},[53,37255,74],{"class":66},[53,37257,5890],{"class":70},[53,37259,9121],{"class":66},[53,37261,9124],{"class":66},[53,37263,71],{"class":70},[53,37265,74],{"class":66},[53,37267,1193],{"class":70},[53,37269,9121],{"class":66},[53,37271,9124],{"class":66},[53,37273,1589],{"class":70},[53,37275,74],{"class":66},[53,37277,1198],{"class":70},[53,37279,9137],{"class":66},[53,37281,37282,37284,37286,37288,37290,37292,37294,37296,37298,37300,37302,37304,37306,37308,37310],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,37283,21609],{"class":66},[53,37285,71],{"class":70},[53,37287,74],{"class":66},[53,37289,5890],{"class":70},[53,37291,9121],{"class":66},[53,37293,9124],{"class":66},[53,37295,1589],{"class":70},[53,37297,74],{"class":66},[53,37299,1193],{"class":70},[53,37301,9121],{"class":66},[53,37303,9124],{"class":66},[53,37305,815],{"class":70},[53,37307,74],{"class":66},[53,37309,1198],{"class":70},[53,37311,9137],{"class":66},[53,37313,37314,37316],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,37315,852],{"class":70},[53,37317,1371],{"class":59},[53,37319,37320,37322],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,37321,71],{"class":70},[53,37323,36057],{"class":59},[39,37325,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,37327,5025,37329,5028],{"id":37328},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,37330,35624],{},[20,37332,37333],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[1327,37335,1729,37337,37339],{"id":37336},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,37338,35624],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,37341,37342,37343,37345,37346,37349],{},"It starts at ",[15,37344,852],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,37347,37348],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[1327,37351,21289,37353,10980,37355,1744],{"id":37352},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,37354,35624],{},[15,37356,37357],{},"range(len(list))",[20,37359,36466,37360,37362],{},[15,37361,35624],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[1327,37364,5053,37366,37368],{"id":37365},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,37367,35624],{}," be used with strings?",[20,37370,37371,37372,37374],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,37373,35624],{}," can return each character with its index.",[39,37376,1788],{"id":1787},[194,37378,37379,37383,37389,37396],{},[197,37380,37381],{},[758,37382,35904],{"href":35903},[197,37384,37385],{},[758,37386,3463,37387,3396],{"href":36070},[15,37388,36073],{},[197,37390,37391],{},[758,37392,37393,37394,36482],{"href":36478},"How to use ",[15,37395,35624],{},[197,37397,37398],{},[758,37399,5099],{"href":5471},[1817,37401,37402],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":37404},[37405,37406,37408,37409,37411,37413,37415,37422,37423,37433],{"id":41,"depth":88,"text":42},{"id":35764,"depth":88,"text":37407},"What enumerate() does",{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372},{"id":36076,"depth":88,"text":37410},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36289,"depth":88,"text":37412},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36485,"depth":88,"text":37414},"Using the start argument",{"id":25227,"depth":88,"text":25228,"children":37416},[37417,37418,37419,37421],{"id":36625,"depth":109,"text":36626},{"id":36721,"depth":109,"text":36722},{"id":36885,"depth":109,"text":37420},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":36974,"depth":109,"text":36975},{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":37424},[37425,37427,37429,37431],{"id":37328,"depth":109,"text":37426},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37336,"depth":109,"text":37428},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37352,"depth":109,"text":37430},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37365,"depth":109,"text":37432},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35616,"description":37434},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37441,"title":37442,"body":37443,"description":39956,"extension":1853,"meta":39957,"navigation":112,"path":39958,"seo":39959,"stem":39960,"__hash__":39961},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37444,"toc":39913},[37445,37451,37456,37459,37467,37481,37483,37574,37582,37587,37592,37594,37610,37612,37691,37693,37710,37716,37720,37722,37743,37747,37750,37762,37766,37769,37772,37789,37792,37868,37870,37887,37892,37896,37904,37907,37922,37924,38013,38015,38060,38063,38067,38070,38149,38151,38172,38175,38182,38187,38190,38293,38295,38320,38323,38330,38336,38341,38344,38355,38461,38463,38484,38492,38499,38505,38524,38529,38532,38551,38553,38638,38640,38669,38672,38677,38682,38685,38696,38698,38787,38789,38809,38815,38921,38923,38943,38946,39030,39032,39052,39059,39061,39065,39071,39073,39130,39133,39135,39196,39205,39208,39211,39239,39242,39302,39304,39321,39325,39328,39406,39408,39428,39431,39506,39510,39513,39515,39524,39529,39531,39582,39590,39602,39607,39668,39670,39687,39691,39754,39756,39781,39789,39791,39797,39803,39810,39818,39824,39827,39834,39844,39850,39856,39859,39876,39882,39884,39910],[10,37446,3463,37448,3467],{"id":37447},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,37449,37450],{},"filter()",[20,37452,37453,37455],{},[15,37454,37450],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,37457,37458],{},"It takes:",[194,37460,37461,37464],{},[197,37462,37463],{},"a function that checks each item",[197,37465,37466],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,37468,37469,37470,37473,37474,37477,37478,37480],{},"The result is ",[34,37471,37472],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,37475,37476],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,37479,24651],{}," to see the values.",[39,37482,42],{"id":41},[44,37484,37486],{"className":46,"code":37485,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37487,37488,37521,37557],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,37489,37490,37492,37494,37496,37498,37500,37502,37504,37506,37508,37510,37512,37514,37516,37519],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,37491,60],{"class":59},[53,37493,31],{"class":63},[53,37495,67],{"class":66},[53,37497,71],{"class":70},[53,37499,74],{"class":66},[53,37501,77],{"class":70},[53,37503,74],{"class":66},[53,37505,82],{"class":70},[53,37507,74],{"class":66},[53,37509,597],{"class":70},[53,37511,74],{"class":66},[53,37513,4491],{"class":70},[53,37515,74],{"class":66},[53,37517,37518],{"class":70}," 6",[53,37520,85],{"class":66},[53,37522,37523,37525,37527,37530,37532,37535,37539,37541,37543,37545,37547,37549,37551,37553,37555],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,37524,2117],{"class":59},[53,37526,31],{"class":63},[53,37528,37529],{"class":144}," filter",[53,37531,127],{"class":66},[53,37533,37534],{"class":1954},"lambda",[53,37536,37538],{"class":37537},"sFwrP"," x",[53,37540,192],{"class":66},[53,37542,3768],{"class":102},[53,37544,6290],{"class":63},[53,37546,77],{"class":70},[53,37548,6295],{"class":63},[53,37550,3720],{"class":70},[53,37552,74],{"class":66},[53,37554,96],{"class":102},[53,37556,133],{"class":66},[53,37558,37559,37561,37563,37565,37567,37569,37571],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,37560,145],{"class":144},[53,37562,127],{"class":66},[53,37564,7979],{"class":1704},[53,37566,127],{"class":66},[53,37568,2152],{"class":102},[53,37570,5245],{"class":66},[53,37572,37573],{"class":156},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,37575,37576,37578,37579,37581],{},[15,37577,37450],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37580,24651],{}," to see the results.",[39,37583,184,37585,187],{"id":37584},"what-filter-does",[15,37586,37450],{},[20,37588,37589,37591],{},[15,37590,37450],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,37593,775],{},[194,37595,37596,37599,37605],{},[197,37597,37598],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[197,37600,37601,37602,37604],{},"if the test returns ",[15,37603,3492],{},", the item is kept",[197,37606,37601,37607,37609],{},[15,37608,3560],{},", the item is removed",[20,37611,211],{},[44,37613,37615],{"className":46,"code":37614,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37616,37617,37645,37649,37677],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,37618,37619,37621,37623,37625,37627,37629,37631,37633,37635,37637,37639,37641,37643],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,37620,60],{"class":59},[53,37622,31],{"class":63},[53,37624,67],{"class":66},[53,37626,71],{"class":70},[53,37628,74],{"class":66},[53,37630,77],{"class":70},[53,37632,74],{"class":66},[53,37634,82],{"class":70},[53,37636,74],{"class":66},[53,37638,597],{"class":70},[53,37640,74],{"class":66},[53,37642,4491],{"class":70},[53,37644,85],{"class":66},[53,37646,37647],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,37648,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,37650,37651,37653,37655,37657,37659,37661,37663,37665,37667,37669,37671,37673,37675],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,37652,2117],{"class":59},[53,37654,31],{"class":63},[53,37656,37529],{"class":144},[53,37658,127],{"class":66},[53,37660,37534],{"class":1954},[53,37662,37538],{"class":37537},[53,37664,192],{"class":66},[53,37666,3768],{"class":102},[53,37668,4140],{"class":63},[53,37670,82],{"class":70},[53,37672,74],{"class":66},[53,37674,96],{"class":102},[53,37676,133],{"class":66},[53,37678,37679,37681,37683,37685,37687,37689],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,37680,145],{"class":144},[53,37682,127],{"class":66},[53,37684,7979],{"class":1704},[53,37686,127],{"class":66},[53,37688,2152],{"class":102},[53,37690,1713],{"class":66},[20,37692,301],{},[44,37694,37696],{"className":46,"code":37695,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[4, 5]\n",[15,37697,37698],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,37699,37700,37702,37704,37706,37708],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,37701,311],{"class":66},[53,37703,130],{"class":70},[53,37705,74],{"class":66},[53,37707,4491],{"class":70},[53,37709,85],{"class":66},[20,37711,37712,37713,37715],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,37714,815],{}," are kept.",[39,37717,37719],{"id":37718},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,37721,375],{},[44,37723,37725],{"className":46,"code":37724,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,37726,37727],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,37728,37729,37731,37733,37736,37738,37741],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,37730,37476],{"class":144},[53,37732,127],{"class":66},[53,37734,37735],{"class":102},"function",[53,37737,74],{"class":66},[53,37739,37740],{"class":102}," iterable",[53,37742,133],{"class":66},[1327,37744,37745],{"id":37735},[15,37746,37735],{},[20,37748,37749],{},"This is the test function.",[194,37751,37752,37755],{},[197,37753,37754],{},"It receives one item at a time",[197,37756,37757,37758,2765,37760],{},"It should return ",[15,37759,3492],{},[15,37761,3560],{},[1327,37763,37764],{"id":3606},[15,37765,3606],{},[20,37767,37768],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,37770,37771],{},"It can be:",[194,37773,37774,37777,37780,37783,37786],{},[197,37775,37776],{},"a list",[197,37778,37779],{},"a tuple",[197,37781,37782],{},"a string",[197,37784,37785],{},"a set",[197,37787,37788],{},"another iterable object",[20,37790,37791],{},"Example with a tuple:",[44,37793,37795],{"className":46,"code":37794,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37796,37797,37822,37826,37854],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,37798,37799,37801,37803,37805,37807,37809,37812,37814,37816,37818,37820],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,37800,60],{"class":59},[53,37802,31],{"class":63},[53,37804,9124],{"class":66},[53,37806,1188],{"class":70},[53,37808,74],{"class":66},[53,37810,37811],{"class":70}," 15",[53,37813,74],{"class":66},[53,37815,1193],{"class":70},[53,37817,74],{"class":66},[53,37819,9194],{"class":70},[53,37821,133],{"class":66},[53,37823,37824],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,37825,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,37827,37828,37830,37832,37834,37836,37838,37840,37842,37844,37846,37848,37850,37852],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,37829,2117],{"class":59},[53,37831,31],{"class":63},[53,37833,37529],{"class":144},[53,37835,127],{"class":66},[53,37837,37534],{"class":1954},[53,37839,37538],{"class":37537},[53,37841,192],{"class":66},[53,37843,3768],{"class":102},[53,37845,4982],{"class":63},[53,37847,1193],{"class":70},[53,37849,74],{"class":66},[53,37851,96],{"class":102},[53,37853,133],{"class":66},[53,37855,37856,37858,37860,37862,37864,37866],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,37857,145],{"class":144},[53,37859,127],{"class":66},[53,37861,7979],{"class":1704},[53,37863,127],{"class":66},[53,37865,2152],{"class":102},[53,37867,1713],{"class":66},[20,37869,301],{},[44,37871,37873],{"className":46,"code":37872,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[20, 25]\n",[15,37874,37875],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,37876,37877,37879,37881,37883,37885],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,37878,311],{"class":66},[53,37880,15625],{"class":70},[53,37882,74],{"class":66},[53,37884,9194],{"class":70},[53,37886,85],{"class":66},[20,37888,37889,37890,99],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[758,37891,5019],{"href":5471},[39,37893,37895],{"id":37894},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,37897,37898,37899,21844,37901,99],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,37900,37450],{},[34,37902,37903],{},"filter object",[20,37905,37906],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[194,37908,37909,37912,37917],{},[197,37910,37911],{},"loop through it",[197,37913,37914,37915],{},"convert it with ",[15,37916,24651],{},[197,37918,37914,37919],{},[15,37920,37921],{},"tuple()",[20,37923,211],{},[44,37925,37927],{"className":46,"code":37926,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37928,37929,37971,37975,37985,37999],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,37930,37931,37933,37935,37937,37939,37941,37943,37945,37947,37949,37951,37953,37955,37957,37959,37961,37963,37965,37967,37969],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,37932,2117],{"class":59},[53,37934,31],{"class":63},[53,37936,37529],{"class":144},[53,37938,127],{"class":66},[53,37940,37534],{"class":1954},[53,37942,37538],{"class":37537},[53,37944,192],{"class":66},[53,37946,3768],{"class":102},[53,37948,4140],{"class":63},[53,37950,77],{"class":70},[53,37952,74],{"class":66},[53,37954,67],{"class":66},[53,37956,71],{"class":70},[53,37958,74],{"class":66},[53,37960,77],{"class":70},[53,37962,74],{"class":66},[53,37964,82],{"class":70},[53,37966,74],{"class":66},[53,37968,597],{"class":70},[53,37970,3777],{"class":66},[53,37972,37973],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,37974,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,37976,37977,37979,37981,37983],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,37978,145],{"class":144},[53,37980,127],{"class":66},[53,37982,2152],{"class":102},[53,37984,133],{"class":66},[53,37986,37987,37989,37991,37993,37995,37997],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,37988,145],{"class":144},[53,37990,127],{"class":66},[53,37992,1705],{"class":1704},[53,37994,127],{"class":66},[53,37996,2152],{"class":102},[53,37998,1713],{"class":66},[53,38000,38001,38003,38005,38007,38009,38011],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,38002,145],{"class":144},[53,38004,127],{"class":66},[53,38006,7979],{"class":1704},[53,38008,127],{"class":66},[53,38010,2152],{"class":102},[53,38012,1713],{"class":66},[20,38014,301],{},[44,38016,38018],{"className":46,"code":38017,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,38019,38020,38034,38048],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38021,38022,38024,38026,38028,38030,38032],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38023,3178],{"class":63},[53,38025,37476],{"class":144},[53,38027,24487],{"class":1704},[53,38029,37238],{"class":59},[53,38031,37245],{"class":34326},[53,38033,3190],{"class":63},[53,38035,38036,38038,38040,38042,38044,38046],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,38037,3178],{"class":63},[53,38039,3181],{"class":1954},[53,38041,323],{"class":228},[53,38043,37476],{"class":232},[53,38045,314],{"class":228},[53,38047,3190],{"class":63},[53,38049,38050,38052,38054,38056,38058],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,38051,311],{"class":66},[53,38053,815],{"class":70},[53,38055,74],{"class":66},[53,38057,597],{"class":70},[53,38059,85],{"class":66},[20,38061,38062],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[1327,38064,38066],{"id":38065},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,38068,38069],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[44,38071,38073],{"className":46,"code":38072,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38074,38075,38117,38121,38135],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38076,38077,38079,38081,38083,38085,38087,38089,38091,38093,38095,38097,38099,38101,38103,38105,38107,38109,38111,38113,38115],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38078,2117],{"class":59},[53,38080,31],{"class":63},[53,38082,37529],{"class":144},[53,38084,127],{"class":66},[53,38086,37534],{"class":1954},[53,38088,37538],{"class":37537},[53,38090,192],{"class":66},[53,38092,3768],{"class":102},[53,38094,4140],{"class":63},[53,38096,77],{"class":70},[53,38098,74],{"class":66},[53,38100,67],{"class":66},[53,38102,71],{"class":70},[53,38104,74],{"class":66},[53,38106,77],{"class":70},[53,38108,74],{"class":66},[53,38110,82],{"class":70},[53,38112,74],{"class":66},[53,38114,597],{"class":70},[53,38116,3777],{"class":66},[53,38118,38119],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,38120,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,38122,38123,38125,38127,38129,38131,38133],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,38124,145],{"class":144},[53,38126,127],{"class":66},[53,38128,7979],{"class":1704},[53,38130,127],{"class":66},[53,38132,2152],{"class":102},[53,38134,1713],{"class":66},[53,38136,38137,38139,38141,38143,38145,38147],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,38138,145],{"class":144},[53,38140,127],{"class":66},[53,38142,7979],{"class":1704},[53,38144,127],{"class":66},[53,38146,2152],{"class":102},[53,38148,1713],{"class":66},[20,38150,301],{},[44,38152,38154],{"className":46,"code":38153,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,38155,38156,38168],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38157,38158,38160,38162,38164,38166],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38159,311],{"class":66},[53,38161,815],{"class":70},[53,38163,74],{"class":66},[53,38165,597],{"class":70},[53,38167,85],{"class":66},[53,38169,38170],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,38171,467],{"class":66},[20,38173,38174],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[39,38176,485,38178,8591,38180],{"id":38177},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,38179,37450],{},[15,38181,37534],{},[20,38183,15059,38184,38186],{},[15,38185,37534],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,38188,38189],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[44,38191,38193],{"className":46,"code":38192,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38194,38195,38237,38241,38279],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38196,38197,38199,38201,38203,38205,38207,38209,38211,38213,38216,38218,38220,38222,38224,38226,38228,38230,38233,38235],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38198,3959],{"class":59},[53,38200,31],{"class":63},[53,38202,67],{"class":66},[53,38204,229],{"class":228},[53,38206,233],{"class":232},[53,38208,229],{"class":228},[53,38210,74],{"class":66},[53,38212,240],{"class":228},[53,38214,38215],{"class":232},"kiwi",[53,38217,229],{"class":228},[53,38219,74],{"class":66},[53,38221,240],{"class":228},[53,38223,243],{"class":232},[53,38225,229],{"class":228},[53,38227,74],{"class":66},[53,38229,240],{"class":228},[53,38231,38232],{"class":232},"fig",[53,38234,229],{"class":228},[53,38236,85],{"class":66},[53,38238,38239],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,38240,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,38242,38243,38245,38247,38249,38251,38253,38256,38258,38261,38263,38266,38268,38271,38273,38275,38277],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,38244,2117],{"class":59},[53,38246,31],{"class":63},[53,38248,37529],{"class":144},[53,38250,127],{"class":66},[53,38252,37534],{"class":1954},[53,38254,38255],{"class":37537}," word",[53,38257,192],{"class":66},[53,38259,38260],{"class":144}," len",[53,38262,127],{"class":66},[53,38264,38265],{"class":102},"word",[53,38267,153],{"class":66},[53,38269,38270],{"class":63}," >",[53,38272,597],{"class":70},[53,38274,74],{"class":66},[53,38276,6054],{"class":102},[53,38278,133],{"class":66},[53,38280,38281,38283,38285,38287,38289,38291],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,38282,145],{"class":144},[53,38284,127],{"class":66},[53,38286,7979],{"class":1704},[53,38288,127],{"class":66},[53,38290,2152],{"class":102},[53,38292,1713],{"class":66},[20,38294,301],{},[44,38296,38298],{"className":46,"code":38297,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,38299,38300],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38301,38302,38304,38306,38308,38310,38312,38314,38316,38318],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38303,311],{"class":66},[53,38305,314],{"class":228},[53,38307,233],{"class":232},[53,38309,314],{"class":228},[53,38311,74],{"class":66},[53,38313,323],{"class":228},[53,38315,243],{"class":232},[53,38317,314],{"class":228},[53,38319,85],{"class":66},[20,38321,38322],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,38324,38325,38326,99],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[758,38327,38329],{"href":38328},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[39,38331,485,38333,38335],{"id":38332},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,38334,37450],{}," with a named function",[20,38337,38338,38339,99],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,38340,37534],{},[20,38342,38343],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[194,38345,38346,38349,38352],{},[197,38347,38348],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[197,38350,38351],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[197,38353,38354],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[44,38356,38358],{"className":46,"code":38357,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38359,38360,38373,38388,38392,38424,38443,38447],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38361,38362,38364,38367,38369,38371],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38363,34725],{"class":1954},[53,38365,38366],{"class":34728}," is_even",[53,38368,127],{"class":66},[53,38370,2127],{"class":37537},[53,38372,8228],{"class":66},[53,38374,38375,38377,38379,38381,38383,38385],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,38376,34736],{"class":3764},[53,38378,6273],{"class":59},[53,38380,6290],{"class":63},[53,38382,77],{"class":70},[53,38384,6295],{"class":63},[53,38386,38387],{"class":70}," 0\n",[53,38389,38390],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,38391,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,38393,38394,38396,38398,38400,38402,38404,38406,38408,38410,38412,38414,38416,38418,38420,38422],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,38395,60],{"class":59},[53,38397,31],{"class":63},[53,38399,67],{"class":66},[53,38401,71],{"class":70},[53,38403,74],{"class":66},[53,38405,77],{"class":70},[53,38407,74],{"class":66},[53,38409,82],{"class":70},[53,38411,74],{"class":66},[53,38413,597],{"class":70},[53,38415,74],{"class":66},[53,38417,4491],{"class":70},[53,38419,74],{"class":66},[53,38421,37518],{"class":70},[53,38423,85],{"class":66},[53,38425,38426,38428,38430,38432,38434,38437,38439,38441],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,38427,2117],{"class":59},[53,38429,31],{"class":63},[53,38431,37529],{"class":144},[53,38433,127],{"class":66},[53,38435,38436],{"class":102},"is_even",[53,38438,74],{"class":66},[53,38440,96],{"class":102},[53,38442,133],{"class":66},[53,38444,38445],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,38446,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,38448,38449,38451,38453,38455,38457,38459],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,38450,145],{"class":144},[53,38452,127],{"class":66},[53,38454,7979],{"class":1704},[53,38456,127],{"class":66},[53,38458,2152],{"class":102},[53,38460,1713],{"class":66},[20,38462,301],{},[44,38464,38466],{"className":46,"code":38465,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38467,38468],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38469,38470,38472,38474,38476,38478,38480,38482],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38471,311],{"class":66},[53,38473,1589],{"class":70},[53,38475,74],{"class":66},[53,38477,597],{"class":70},[53,38479,74],{"class":66},[53,38481,37518],{"class":70},[53,38483,85],{"class":66},[20,38485,20639,38486,2285,38489,38491],{},[15,38487,38488],{},"is_even()",[15,38490,3492],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[39,38493,485,38495,8591,38497],{"id":38494},"using-none-with-filter",[15,38496,3664],{},[15,38498,37450],{},[20,38500,38501,38502,38504],{},"You can pass ",[15,38503,3664],{}," as the first argument:",[44,38506,38508],{"className":46,"code":38507,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,38509,38510],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38511,38512,38514,38516,38518,38520,38522],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38513,37476],{"class":144},[53,38515,127],{"class":66},[53,38517,3664],{"class":3739},[53,38519,74],{"class":66},[53,38521,37740],{"class":102},[53,38523,133],{"class":66},[20,38525,38526,38527,7227],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[34,38528,5481],{},[20,38530,38531],{},"Falsy values include:",[194,38533,38534,38538,38543,38547],{},[197,38535,38536],{},[15,38537,852],{},[197,38539,38540,38542],{},[15,38541,3659],{}," (empty string)",[197,38544,38545],{},[15,38546,3664],{},[197,38548,38549],{},[15,38550,3560],{},[20,38552,211],{},[44,38554,38556],{"className":46,"code":38555,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38557,38558,38602,38606,38624],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38559,38560,38562,38564,38566,38568,38570,38572,38574,38576,38578,38580,38582,38584,38586,38588,38590,38592,38594,38596,38598,38600],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38561,7667],{"class":59},[53,38563,31],{"class":63},[53,38565,67],{"class":66},[53,38567,852],{"class":70},[53,38569,74],{"class":66},[53,38571,5382],{"class":70},[53,38573,74],{"class":66},[53,38575,6012],{"class":228},[53,38577,74],{"class":66},[53,38579,240],{"class":228},[53,38581,3732],{"class":232},[53,38583,229],{"class":228},[53,38585,74],{"class":66},[53,38587,3740],{"class":3739},[53,38589,74],{"class":66},[53,38591,3804],{"class":3739},[53,38593,74],{"class":66},[53,38595,3795],{"class":3739},[53,38597,74],{"class":66},[53,38599,4491],{"class":70},[53,38601,85],{"class":66},[53,38603,38604],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,38605,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,38607,38608,38610,38612,38614,38616,38618,38620,38622],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,38609,2117],{"class":59},[53,38611,31],{"class":63},[53,38613,37529],{"class":144},[53,38615,127],{"class":66},[53,38617,3664],{"class":3739},[53,38619,74],{"class":66},[53,38621,5851],{"class":102},[53,38623,133],{"class":66},[53,38625,38626,38628,38630,38632,38634,38636],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,38627,145],{"class":144},[53,38629,127],{"class":66},[53,38631,7979],{"class":1704},[53,38633,127],{"class":66},[53,38635,2152],{"class":102},[53,38637,1713],{"class":66},[20,38639,301],{},[44,38641,38643],{"className":46,"code":38642,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,38644,38645],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38646,38647,38649,38651,38653,38655,38657,38659,38661,38663,38665,38667],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38648,311],{"class":66},[53,38650,71],{"class":70},[53,38652,74],{"class":66},[53,38654,323],{"class":228},[53,38656,3732],{"class":232},[53,38658,314],{"class":228},[53,38660,74],{"class":66},[53,38662,3804],{"class":3739},[53,38664,74],{"class":66},[53,38666,4491],{"class":70},[53,38668,85],{"class":66},[20,38670,38671],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[39,38673,1145,38675],{"id":38674},"when-to-use-filter",[15,38676,37450],{},[20,38678,174,38679,38681],{},[15,38680,37450],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,38683,38684],{},"It works well for:",[194,38686,38687,38690,38693],{},[197,38688,38689],{},"simple filtering rules",[197,38691,38692],{},"quick data cleaning",[197,38694,38695],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,38697,211],{},[44,38699,38701],{"className":46,"code":38700,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,38702,38703,38735,38768,38772],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38704,38705,38707,38709,38711,38713,38715,38717,38719,38721,38723,38725,38727,38729,38731,38733],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38706,60],{"class":59},[53,38708,31],{"class":63},[53,38710,67],{"class":66},[53,38712,71],{"class":70},[53,38714,74],{"class":66},[53,38716,77],{"class":70},[53,38718,74],{"class":66},[53,38720,82],{"class":70},[53,38722,74],{"class":66},[53,38724,597],{"class":70},[53,38726,74],{"class":66},[53,38728,4491],{"class":70},[53,38730,74],{"class":66},[53,38732,37518],{"class":70},[53,38734,85],{"class":66},[53,38736,38737,38740,38742,38744,38746,38748,38750,38752,38754,38756,38758,38760,38762,38764,38766],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,38738,38739],{"class":59},"evens ",[53,38741,31],{"class":63},[53,38743,37529],{"class":144},[53,38745,127],{"class":66},[53,38747,37534],{"class":1954},[53,38749,37538],{"class":37537},[53,38751,192],{"class":66},[53,38753,3768],{"class":102},[53,38755,6290],{"class":63},[53,38757,77],{"class":70},[53,38759,6295],{"class":63},[53,38761,3720],{"class":70},[53,38763,74],{"class":66},[53,38765,96],{"class":102},[53,38767,133],{"class":66},[53,38769,38770],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,38771,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,38773,38774,38776,38778,38780,38782,38785],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,38775,145],{"class":144},[53,38777,127],{"class":66},[53,38779,7979],{"class":1704},[53,38781,127],{"class":66},[53,38783,38784],{"class":102},"evens",[53,38786,1713],{"class":66},[20,38788,301],{},[44,38790,38791],{"className":46,"code":38465,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,38792,38793],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38794,38795,38797,38799,38801,38803,38805,38807],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38796,311],{"class":66},[53,38798,1589],{"class":70},[53,38800,74],{"class":66},[53,38802,597],{"class":70},[53,38804,74],{"class":66},[53,38806,37518],{"class":70},[53,38808,85],{"class":66},[20,38810,38811,38812,38814],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,38813,5843],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[44,38816,38818],{"className":46,"code":38817,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38819,38820,38852,38860,38864,38876,38892,38907,38911],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38821,38822,38824,38826,38828,38830,38832,38834,38836,38838,38840,38842,38844,38846,38848,38850],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38823,60],{"class":59},[53,38825,31],{"class":63},[53,38827,67],{"class":66},[53,38829,71],{"class":70},[53,38831,74],{"class":66},[53,38833,77],{"class":70},[53,38835,74],{"class":66},[53,38837,82],{"class":70},[53,38839,74],{"class":66},[53,38841,597],{"class":70},[53,38843,74],{"class":66},[53,38845,4491],{"class":70},[53,38847,74],{"class":66},[53,38849,37518],{"class":70},[53,38851,85],{"class":66},[53,38853,38854,38856,38858],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,38855,38739],{"class":59},[53,38857,31],{"class":63},[53,38859,431],{"class":66},[53,38861,38862],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,38863,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,38865,38866,38868,38870,38872,38874],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,38867,5843],{"class":3764},[53,38869,6273],{"class":59},[53,38871,3771],{"class":3764},[53,38873,96],{"class":59},[53,38875,6280],{"class":66},[53,38877,38878,38880,38882,38884,38886,38888,38890],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,38879,6285],{"class":3764},[53,38881,6273],{"class":59},[53,38883,6290],{"class":63},[53,38885,77],{"class":70},[53,38887,6295],{"class":63},[53,38889,3720],{"class":70},[53,38891,6280],{"class":66},[53,38893,38894,38897,38899,38901,38903,38905],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,38895,38896],{"class":59},"        evens",[53,38898,99],{"class":66},[53,38900,124],{"class":102},[53,38902,127],{"class":66},[53,38904,2127],{"class":102},[53,38906,133],{"class":66},[53,38908,38909],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,38910,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,38912,38913,38915,38917,38919],{"class":55,"line":6312},[53,38914,145],{"class":144},[53,38916,127],{"class":66},[53,38918,38784],{"class":102},[53,38920,133],{"class":66},[20,38922,301],{},[44,38924,38925],{"className":46,"code":38465,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,38926,38927],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38928,38929,38931,38933,38935,38937,38939,38941],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38930,311],{"class":66},[53,38932,1589],{"class":70},[53,38934,74],{"class":66},[53,38936,597],{"class":70},[53,38938,74],{"class":66},[53,38940,37518],{"class":70},[53,38942,85],{"class":66},[20,38944,38945],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[44,38947,38949],{"className":46,"code":38948,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38950,38951,38983,39016,39020],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38952,38953,38955,38957,38959,38961,38963,38965,38967,38969,38971,38973,38975,38977,38979,38981],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38954,60],{"class":59},[53,38956,31],{"class":63},[53,38958,67],{"class":66},[53,38960,71],{"class":70},[53,38962,74],{"class":66},[53,38964,77],{"class":70},[53,38966,74],{"class":66},[53,38968,82],{"class":70},[53,38970,74],{"class":66},[53,38972,597],{"class":70},[53,38974,74],{"class":66},[53,38976,4491],{"class":70},[53,38978,74],{"class":66},[53,38980,37518],{"class":70},[53,38982,85],{"class":66},[53,38984,38985,38987,38989,38991,38993,38995,38997,38999,39002,39004,39006,39008,39010,39012,39014],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,38986,38739],{"class":59},[53,38988,31],{"class":63},[53,38990,67],{"class":66},[53,38992,2104],{"class":59},[53,38994,5843],{"class":3764},[53,38996,6273],{"class":59},[53,38998,3771],{"class":3764},[53,39000,39001],{"class":59}," numbers ",[53,39003,6884],{"class":3764},[53,39005,6273],{"class":59},[53,39007,6290],{"class":63},[53,39009,77],{"class":70},[53,39011,6295],{"class":63},[53,39013,3720],{"class":70},[53,39015,85],{"class":66},[53,39017,39018],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,39019,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,39021,39022,39024,39026,39028],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,39023,145],{"class":144},[53,39025,127],{"class":66},[53,39027,38784],{"class":102},[53,39029,133],{"class":66},[20,39031,301],{},[44,39033,39034],{"className":46,"code":38465,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,39035,39036],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39037,39038,39040,39042,39044,39046,39048,39050],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39039,311],{"class":66},[53,39041,1589],{"class":70},[53,39043,74],{"class":66},[53,39045,597],{"class":70},[53,39047,74],{"class":66},[53,39049,37518],{"class":70},[53,39051,85],{"class":66},[20,39053,39054,39055,99],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[758,39056,39058],{"href":39057},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[39,39060,2716],{"id":2715},[20,39062,14606,39063,99],{},[15,39064,37450],{},[1327,39066,8339,39068,39070],{"id":39067},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,39069,37450],{}," to return a list",[20,39072,1335],{},[44,39074,39076],{"className":46,"code":39075,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,39077,39078,39120],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39079,39080,39082,39084,39086,39088,39090,39092,39094,39096,39098,39100,39102,39104,39106,39108,39110,39112,39114,39116,39118],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39081,2117],{"class":59},[53,39083,31],{"class":63},[53,39085,37529],{"class":144},[53,39087,127],{"class":66},[53,39089,37534],{"class":1954},[53,39091,37538],{"class":37537},[53,39093,192],{"class":66},[53,39095,3768],{"class":102},[53,39097,4140],{"class":63},[53,39099,77],{"class":70},[53,39101,74],{"class":66},[53,39103,67],{"class":66},[53,39105,71],{"class":70},[53,39107,74],{"class":66},[53,39109,77],{"class":70},[53,39111,74],{"class":66},[53,39113,82],{"class":70},[53,39115,74],{"class":66},[53,39117,597],{"class":70},[53,39119,3777],{"class":66},[53,39121,39122,39124,39126,39128],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,39123,145],{"class":144},[53,39125,127],{"class":66},[53,39127,2152],{"class":102},[53,39129,133],{"class":66},[20,39131,39132],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,39134,1524],{},[44,39136,39138],{"className":46,"code":39137,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39139,39140,39182],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39141,39142,39144,39146,39148,39150,39152,39154,39156,39158,39160,39162,39164,39166,39168,39170,39172,39174,39176,39178,39180],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39143,2117],{"class":59},[53,39145,31],{"class":63},[53,39147,37529],{"class":144},[53,39149,127],{"class":66},[53,39151,37534],{"class":1954},[53,39153,37538],{"class":37537},[53,39155,192],{"class":66},[53,39157,3768],{"class":102},[53,39159,4140],{"class":63},[53,39161,77],{"class":70},[53,39163,74],{"class":66},[53,39165,67],{"class":66},[53,39167,71],{"class":70},[53,39169,74],{"class":66},[53,39171,77],{"class":70},[53,39173,74],{"class":66},[53,39175,82],{"class":70},[53,39177,74],{"class":66},[53,39179,597],{"class":70},[53,39181,3777],{"class":66},[53,39183,39184,39186,39188,39190,39192,39194],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,39185,145],{"class":144},[53,39187,127],{"class":66},[53,39189,7979],{"class":1704},[53,39191,127],{"class":66},[53,39193,2152],{"class":102},[53,39195,1713],{"class":66},[1327,39197,39199,39200,2765,39202,39204],{"id":39198},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,39201,3492],{},[15,39203,3560],{}," clearly",[20,39206,39207],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,39209,39210],{},"Good example:",[44,39212,39214],{"className":46,"code":39213,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,39215,39216,39229],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39217,39218,39220,39223,39225,39227],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39219,34725],{"class":1954},[53,39221,39222],{"class":34728}," is_positive",[53,39224,127],{"class":66},[53,39226,2127],{"class":37537},[53,39228,8228],{"class":66},[53,39230,39231,39233,39235,39237],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,39232,34736],{"class":3764},[53,39234,6273],{"class":59},[53,39236,4140],{"class":63},[53,39238,38387],{"class":70},[20,39240,39241],{},"Then use it with:",[44,39243,39245],{"className":46,"code":39244,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,39246,39247,39279],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39248,39249,39251,39253,39255,39257,39259,39261,39263,39265,39267,39269,39271,39273,39275,39277],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39250,60],{"class":59},[53,39252,31],{"class":63},[53,39254,67],{"class":66},[53,39256,1912],{"class":63},[53,39258,1589],{"class":70},[53,39260,74],{"class":66},[53,39262,2109],{"class":63},[53,39264,71],{"class":70},[53,39266,74],{"class":66},[53,39268,3720],{"class":70},[53,39270,74],{"class":66},[53,39272,5382],{"class":70},[53,39274,74],{"class":66},[53,39276,77],{"class":70},[53,39278,85],{"class":66},[53,39280,39281,39283,39285,39287,39289,39291,39293,39296,39298,39300],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,39282,145],{"class":144},[53,39284,127],{"class":66},[53,39286,7979],{"class":1704},[53,39288,127],{"class":66},[53,39290,37476],{"class":144},[53,39292,127],{"class":66},[53,39294,39295],{"class":102},"is_positive",[53,39297,74],{"class":66},[53,39299,96],{"class":102},[53,39301,2799],{"class":66},[20,39303,301],{},[44,39305,39307],{"className":46,"code":39306,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2]\n",[15,39308,39309],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39310,39311,39313,39315,39317,39319],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39312,311],{"class":66},[53,39314,71],{"class":70},[53,39316,74],{"class":66},[53,39318,77],{"class":70},[53,39320,85],{"class":66},[1327,39322,39324],{"id":39323},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,39326,39327],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[44,39329,39330],{"className":46,"code":38072,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,39331,39332,39374,39378,39392],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39333,39334,39336,39338,39340,39342,39344,39346,39348,39350,39352,39354,39356,39358,39360,39362,39364,39366,39368,39370,39372],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39335,2117],{"class":59},[53,39337,31],{"class":63},[53,39339,37529],{"class":144},[53,39341,127],{"class":66},[53,39343,37534],{"class":1954},[53,39345,37538],{"class":37537},[53,39347,192],{"class":66},[53,39349,3768],{"class":102},[53,39351,4140],{"class":63},[53,39353,77],{"class":70},[53,39355,74],{"class":66},[53,39357,67],{"class":66},[53,39359,71],{"class":70},[53,39361,74],{"class":66},[53,39363,77],{"class":70},[53,39365,74],{"class":66},[53,39367,82],{"class":70},[53,39369,74],{"class":66},[53,39371,597],{"class":70},[53,39373,3777],{"class":66},[53,39375,39376],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,39377,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,39379,39380,39382,39384,39386,39388,39390],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,39381,145],{"class":144},[53,39383,127],{"class":66},[53,39385,7979],{"class":1704},[53,39387,127],{"class":66},[53,39389,2152],{"class":102},[53,39391,1713],{"class":66},[53,39393,39394,39396,39398,39400,39402,39404],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,39395,145],{"class":144},[53,39397,127],{"class":66},[53,39399,7979],{"class":1704},[53,39401,127],{"class":66},[53,39403,2152],{"class":102},[53,39405,1713],{"class":66},[20,39407,301],{},[44,39409,39410],{"className":46,"code":38153,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,39411,39412,39424],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39413,39414,39416,39418,39420,39422],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39415,311],{"class":66},[53,39417,815],{"class":70},[53,39419,74],{"class":66},[53,39421,597],{"class":70},[53,39423,85],{"class":66},[53,39425,39426],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,39427,467],{"class":66},[20,39429,39430],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[44,39432,39434],{"className":46,"code":39433,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,39435,39436,39482,39486,39496],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39437,39438,39440,39442,39444,39446,39448,39450,39452,39454,39456,39458,39460,39462,39464,39466,39468,39470,39472,39474,39476,39478,39480],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39439,2117],{"class":59},[53,39441,31],{"class":63},[53,39443,22429],{"class":1704},[53,39445,127],{"class":66},[53,39447,37476],{"class":144},[53,39449,127],{"class":66},[53,39451,37534],{"class":1954},[53,39453,37538],{"class":37537},[53,39455,192],{"class":66},[53,39457,3768],{"class":102},[53,39459,4140],{"class":63},[53,39461,77],{"class":70},[53,39463,74],{"class":66},[53,39465,67],{"class":66},[53,39467,71],{"class":70},[53,39469,74],{"class":66},[53,39471,77],{"class":70},[53,39473,74],{"class":66},[53,39475,82],{"class":70},[53,39477,74],{"class":66},[53,39479,597],{"class":70},[53,39481,2886],{"class":66},[53,39483,39484],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,39485,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,39487,39488,39490,39492,39494],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,39489,145],{"class":144},[53,39491,127],{"class":66},[53,39493,2152],{"class":102},[53,39495,133],{"class":66},[53,39497,39498,39500,39502,39504],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,39499,145],{"class":144},[53,39501,127],{"class":66},[53,39503,2152],{"class":102},[53,39505,133],{"class":66},[1327,39507,39509],{"id":39508},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,39511,39512],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,39514,16514],{},[44,39516,39518],{"className":46,"code":39517,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39519,39520],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39521,39522],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39523,39517],{"class":156},[20,39525,39526,39527,6438],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,39528,1188],{},[20,39530,1015],{},[44,39532,39534],{"className":46,"code":39533,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39535,39536],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39537,39538,39540,39542,39544,39546,39548,39550,39552,39554,39556,39558,39560,39562,39564,39566,39568,39570,39572,39574,39576,39578,39580],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39539,145],{"class":144},[53,39541,127],{"class":66},[53,39543,7979],{"class":1704},[53,39545,127],{"class":66},[53,39547,37476],{"class":144},[53,39549,127],{"class":66},[53,39551,37534],{"class":1954},[53,39553,37538],{"class":37537},[53,39555,192],{"class":66},[53,39557,3768],{"class":102},[53,39559,4140],{"class":63},[53,39561,77],{"class":70},[53,39563,74],{"class":66},[53,39565,67],{"class":66},[53,39567,71],{"class":70},[53,39569,74],{"class":66},[53,39571,77],{"class":70},[53,39573,74],{"class":66},[53,39575,82],{"class":70},[53,39577,74],{"class":66},[53,39579,597],{"class":70},[53,39581,37139],{"class":66},[1327,39583,37078,39585,8591,39587],{"id":39584},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39586,37450],{},[15,39588,39589],{},"map()",[194,39591,39592,39597],{},[197,39593,39594,39596],{},[15,39595,37450],{}," keeps or removes items",[197,39598,39599,39601],{},[15,39600,39589],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,39603,39604,39605,192],{},"Example of ",[15,39606,37450],{},[44,39608,39610],{"className":46,"code":39609,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39611,39612,39636],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39613,39614,39616,39618,39620,39622,39624,39626,39628,39630,39632,39634],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39615,60],{"class":59},[53,39617,31],{"class":63},[53,39619,67],{"class":66},[53,39621,71],{"class":70},[53,39623,74],{"class":66},[53,39625,77],{"class":70},[53,39627,74],{"class":66},[53,39629,82],{"class":70},[53,39631,74],{"class":66},[53,39633,597],{"class":70},[53,39635,85],{"class":66},[53,39637,39638,39640,39642,39644,39646,39648,39650,39652,39654,39656,39658,39660,39662,39664,39666],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,39639,145],{"class":144},[53,39641,127],{"class":66},[53,39643,7979],{"class":1704},[53,39645,127],{"class":66},[53,39647,37476],{"class":144},[53,39649,127],{"class":66},[53,39651,37534],{"class":1954},[53,39653,37538],{"class":37537},[53,39655,192],{"class":66},[53,39657,3768],{"class":102},[53,39659,4140],{"class":63},[53,39661,77],{"class":70},[53,39663,74],{"class":66},[53,39665,96],{"class":102},[53,39667,2799],{"class":66},[20,39669,301],{},[44,39671,39673],{"className":46,"code":39672,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[3, 4]\n",[15,39674,39675],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39676,39677,39679,39681,39683,39685],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39678,311],{"class":66},[53,39680,815],{"class":70},[53,39682,74],{"class":66},[53,39684,597],{"class":70},[53,39686,85],{"class":66},[20,39688,39604,39689,192],{},[15,39690,39589],{},[44,39692,39694],{"className":46,"code":39693,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39695,39696,39720],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39697,39698,39700,39702,39704,39706,39708,39710,39712,39714,39716,39718],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39699,60],{"class":59},[53,39701,31],{"class":63},[53,39703,67],{"class":66},[53,39705,71],{"class":70},[53,39707,74],{"class":66},[53,39709,77],{"class":70},[53,39711,74],{"class":66},[53,39713,82],{"class":70},[53,39715,74],{"class":66},[53,39717,597],{"class":70},[53,39719,85],{"class":66},[53,39721,39722,39724,39726,39728,39730,39733,39735,39737,39739,39741,39743,39746,39748,39750,39752],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,39723,145],{"class":144},[53,39725,127],{"class":66},[53,39727,7979],{"class":1704},[53,39729,127],{"class":66},[53,39731,39732],{"class":144},"map",[53,39734,127],{"class":66},[53,39736,37534],{"class":1954},[53,39738,37538],{"class":37537},[53,39740,192],{"class":66},[53,39742,3768],{"class":102},[53,39744,39745],{"class":63},"*",[53,39747,77],{"class":70},[53,39749,74],{"class":66},[53,39751,96],{"class":102},[53,39753,2799],{"class":66},[20,39755,301],{},[44,39757,39759],{"className":46,"code":39758,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,39760,39761],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39762,39763,39765,39767,39769,39771,39773,39775,39777,39779],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39764,311],{"class":66},[53,39766,1589],{"class":70},[53,39768,74],{"class":66},[53,39770,597],{"class":70},[53,39772,74],{"class":66},[53,39774,37518],{"class":70},[53,39776,74],{"class":66},[53,39778,6246],{"class":70},[53,39780,85],{"class":66},[20,39782,39783,39784,99],{},"For the related function, see ",[758,39785,3463,39787,3396],{"href":39786},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,39788,39589],{},[39,39790,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,39792,1729,39794,39796],{"id":39793},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,39795,37450],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,39798,39799,39800,39802],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,39801,24651],{}," if needed.",[1327,39804,39806,39807,39809],{"id":39805},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,39808,37450],{}," need to return?",[20,39811,37757,39812,39814,39815,39817],{},[15,39813,3492],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,39816,3560],{}," to remove it.",[1327,39819,28199,39821,39823],{"id":39820},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,39822,37450],{}," without lambda?",[20,39825,39826],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[1327,39828,5025,39830,39833],{"id":39829},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,39831,39832],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,39835,39836,39837,39839,39840,16942,39842,99],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,39838,852],{},", empty strings, ",[15,39841,3664],{},[15,39843,3560],{},[1327,39845,21289,39847,39849],{"id":39846},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,39848,37450],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,39851,39852,39853,39855],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,39854,5843],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,39857,39858],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[194,39860,39861,39867,39873],{},[197,39862,39863,39864,39866],{},"use ",[15,39865,37450],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[197,39868,39869,39870,39872],{},"use a ",[15,39871,5843],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[197,39874,39875],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,39877,39878,39879,99],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[758,39880,5015],{"href":39881},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[39,39883,1788],{"id":1787},[194,39885,39886,39891,39895,39900,39906],{},[197,39887,39888],{},[758,39889,39890],{"href":38328},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[197,39892,39893],{},[758,39894,5104],{"href":39881},[197,39896,39897],{},[758,39898,39899],{"href":39057},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[197,39901,39902],{},[758,39903,3463,39904,3396],{"href":39786},[15,39905,39589],{},[197,39907,39908],{},[758,39909,5099],{"href":5471},[1817,39911,39912],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":39914},[39915,39916,39918,39922,39925,39927,39929,39931,39933,39943,39955],{"id":41,"depth":88,"text":42},{"id":37584,"depth":88,"text":39917},"What filter() does",{"id":37718,"depth":88,"text":37719,"children":39919},[39920,39921],{"id":37735,"depth":109,"text":37735},{"id":3606,"depth":109,"text":3606},{"id":37894,"depth":88,"text":37895,"children":39923},[39924],{"id":38065,"depth":109,"text":38066},{"id":38177,"depth":88,"text":39926},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38332,"depth":88,"text":39928},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38494,"depth":88,"text":39930},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38674,"depth":88,"text":39932},"When to use filter()",{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716,"children":39934},[39935,39937,39939,39940,39941],{"id":39067,"depth":109,"text":39936},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39198,"depth":109,"text":39938},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39323,"depth":109,"text":39324},{"id":39508,"depth":109,"text":39509},{"id":39584,"depth":109,"text":39942},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":39944},[39945,39947,39949,39951,39953],{"id":39793,"depth":109,"text":39946},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":39805,"depth":109,"text":39948},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":39820,"depth":109,"text":39950},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":39829,"depth":109,"text":39952},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":39846,"depth":109,"text":39954},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37442,"description":39956},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":39963,"title":39964,"body":39965,"description":42115,"extension":1853,"meta":42116,"navigation":112,"path":42117,"seo":42118,"stem":42119,"__hash__":42120},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":39966,"toc":42069},[39967,39970,39975,39981,39983,40035,40037,40056,40061,40065,40070,40073,40088,40091,40113,40115,40164,40166,40190,40192,40194,40209,40214,40222,40237,40239,40248,40251,40286,40290,40295,40299,40306,40341,40343,40359,40363,40366,40407,40409,40423,40427,40430,40454,40456,40465,40468,40471,40504,40506,40519,40523,40529,40548,40550,40558,40562,40567,40571,40577,40600,40602,40631,40634,40653,40657,40660,40687,40689,40723,40727,40730,40754,40758,40769,40771,40776,40781,40783,40867,40869,40911,40914,40918,40925,40934,40990,40997,41006,41011,41015,41086,41088,41097,41101,41104,41148,41150,41159,41163,41169,41219,41223,41228,41232,41256,41258,41267,41271,41295,41297,41308,41312,41336,41338,41347,41350,41367,41373,41377,41383,41386,41391,41394,41415,41417,41449,41452,41457,41459,41470,41472,41516,41520,41527,41579,41581,41590,41594,41597,41690,41693,41717,41721,41724,41816,41821,41825,41832,41837,41861,41863,41872,41877,41900,41902,41910,41917,41940,41948,41950,41963,41973,41975,41979,41986,41990,41999,42003,42010,42014,42018,42022,42034,42036,42066],[10,39968,39964],{"id":39969},"python-float-function-explained",[20,39971,9010,39972,39974],{},[15,39973,2771],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,39976,39977,39978,39980],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,39979,2771],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[39,39982,42],{"id":41},[44,39984,39986],{"className":46,"code":39985,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,39987,39988,40002,40021],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39989,39990,39992,39994,39996,39998,40000],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39991,145],{"class":144},[53,39993,127],{"class":66},[53,39995,2079],{"class":1704},[53,39997,127],{"class":66},[53,39999,2024],{"class":70},[53,40001,1713],{"class":66},[53,40003,40004,40006,40008,40010,40012,40014,40017,40019],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,40005,145],{"class":144},[53,40007,127],{"class":66},[53,40009,2079],{"class":1704},[53,40011,127],{"class":66},[53,40013,229],{"class":228},[53,40015,40016],{"class":232},"3.14",[53,40018,229],{"class":228},[53,40020,1713],{"class":66},[53,40022,40023,40025,40027,40029,40031,40033],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,40024,145],{"class":144},[53,40026,127],{"class":66},[53,40028,2079],{"class":1704},[53,40030,127],{"class":66},[53,40032,3492],{"class":3739},[53,40034,1713],{"class":66},[20,40036,301],{},[44,40038,40040],{"className":46,"code":40039,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,40041,40042,40046,40051],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40043,40044],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40045,2367],{"class":70},[53,40047,40048],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,40049,40050],{"class":70},"3.14\n",[53,40052,40053],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,40054,40055],{"class":70},"1.0\n",[20,40057,174,40058,40060],{},[15,40059,2771],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[39,40062,40064],{"id":40063},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,40066,40067,40069],{},[15,40068,2771],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,40071,40072],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[194,40074,40075,40079,40083],{},[197,40076,40077],{},[15,40078,2379],{},[197,40080,40081],{},[15,40082,40016],{},[197,40084,40085],{},[15,40086,40087],{},"0.5",[20,40089,40090],{},"A few key points:",[194,40092,40093,40100,40103,40106],{},[197,40094,40095,40097,40098],{},[15,40096,2771],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,40099,2079],{},[197,40101,40102],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[197,40104,40105],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[197,40107,40108,40109],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[758,40110,40111],{"href":8105},[15,40112,2845],{},[20,40114,211],{},[44,40116,40118],{"className":46,"code":40117,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40119,40120,40140,40150],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40121,40122,40124,40126,40129,40131,40133,40136,40138],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40123,2104],{"class":59},[53,40125,31],{"class":63},[53,40127,40128],{"class":1704}," float",[53,40130,127],{"class":66},[53,40132,229],{"class":228},[53,40134,40135],{"class":232},"2.75",[53,40137,229],{"class":228},[53,40139,133],{"class":66},[53,40141,40142,40144,40146,40148],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,40143,145],{"class":144},[53,40145,127],{"class":66},[53,40147,2127],{"class":102},[53,40149,133],{"class":66},[53,40151,40152,40154,40156,40158,40160,40162],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,40153,145],{"class":144},[53,40155,127],{"class":66},[53,40157,1705],{"class":1704},[53,40159,127],{"class":66},[53,40161,2127],{"class":102},[53,40163,1713],{"class":66},[20,40165,301],{},[44,40167,40169],{"className":46,"code":40168,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40170,40171,40176],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40172,40173],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40174,40175],{"class":70},"2.75\n",[53,40177,40178,40180,40182,40184,40186,40188],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,40179,3178],{"class":63},[53,40181,3181],{"class":1954},[53,40183,323],{"class":228},[53,40185,2079],{"class":232},[53,40187,314],{"class":228},[53,40189,3190],{"class":63},[39,40191,372],{"id":371},[20,40193,7105],{},[44,40195,40197],{"className":46,"code":40196,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"float(value)\n",[15,40198,40199],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40200,40201,40203,40205,40207],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40202,2079],{"class":1704},[53,40204,127],{"class":66},[53,40206,2360],{"class":102},[53,40208,133],{"class":66},[20,40210,40211,40212,99],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,40213,2771],{},[20,40215,40216,40217,40219,40220,192],{},"If you call ",[15,40218,2771],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,40221,3654],{},[44,40223,40225],{"className":46,"code":40224,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float())\n",[15,40226,40227],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40228,40229,40231,40233,40235],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40230,145],{"class":144},[53,40232,127],{"class":66},[53,40234,2079],{"class":1704},[53,40236,7081],{"class":66},[20,40238,301],{},[44,40240,40242],{"className":46,"code":40241,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"0.0\n",[15,40243,40244],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40245,40246],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40247,40241],{"class":70},[20,40249,40250],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[44,40252,40254],{"className":46,"code":40253,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,40255,40256,40276],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40257,40258,40261,40263,40265,40267,40269,40272,40274],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40259,40260],{"class":59},"price ",[53,40262,31],{"class":63},[53,40264,40128],{"class":1704},[53,40266,127],{"class":66},[53,40268,229],{"class":228},[53,40270,40271],{"class":232},"19.99",[53,40273,229],{"class":228},[53,40275,133],{"class":66},[53,40277,40278,40280,40282,40284],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,40279,145],{"class":144},[53,40281,127],{"class":66},[53,40283,25020],{"class":102},[53,40285,133],{"class":66},[39,40287,40289],{"id":40288},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,40291,40292,40294],{},[15,40293,2771],{}," can convert several common value types.",[1327,40296,40298],{"id":40297},"integers","Integers",[20,40300,40301,40302,40305],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,40303,40304],{},".0"," added:",[44,40307,40309],{"className":46,"code":40308,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,40310,40311,40325],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40312,40313,40315,40317,40319,40321,40323],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40314,145],{"class":144},[53,40316,127],{"class":66},[53,40318,2079],{"class":1704},[53,40320,127],{"class":66},[53,40322,2024],{"class":70},[53,40324,1713],{"class":66},[53,40326,40327,40329,40331,40333,40335,40337,40339],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,40328,145],{"class":144},[53,40330,127],{"class":66},[53,40332,2079],{"class":1704},[53,40334,127],{"class":66},[53,40336,1912],{"class":63},[53,40338,1589],{"class":70},[53,40340,1713],{"class":66},[20,40342,301],{},[44,40344,40346],{"className":46,"code":40345,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,40347,40348,40352],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40349,40350],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40351,2367],{"class":70},[53,40353,40354,40356],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,40355,1912],{"class":63},[53,40357,40358],{"class":70},"2.0\n",[1327,40360,40362],{"id":40361},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,40364,40365],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[44,40367,40369],{"className":46,"code":40368,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,40370,40371,40389],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40372,40373,40375,40377,40379,40381,40383,40385,40387],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40374,145],{"class":144},[53,40376,127],{"class":66},[53,40378,2079],{"class":1704},[53,40380,127],{"class":66},[53,40382,229],{"class":228},[53,40384,40016],{"class":232},[53,40386,229],{"class":228},[53,40388,1713],{"class":66},[53,40390,40391,40393,40395,40397,40399,40401,40403,40405],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,40392,145],{"class":144},[53,40394,127],{"class":66},[53,40396,2079],{"class":1704},[53,40398,127],{"class":66},[53,40400,229],{"class":228},[53,40402,1188],{"class":232},[53,40404,229],{"class":228},[53,40406,1713],{"class":66},[20,40408,301],{},[44,40410,40412],{"className":46,"code":40411,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,40413,40414,40418],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40415,40416],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40417,40050],{"class":70},[53,40419,40420],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,40421,40422],{"class":70},"10.0\n",[1327,40424,40426],{"id":40425},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,40428,40429],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[44,40431,40433],{"className":46,"code":40432,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,40434,40435],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40436,40437,40439,40441,40443,40445,40447,40450,40452],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40438,145],{"class":144},[53,40440,127],{"class":66},[53,40442,2079],{"class":1704},[53,40444,127],{"class":66},[53,40446,229],{"class":228},[53,40448,40449],{"class":232},"  8.5  ",[53,40451,229],{"class":228},[53,40453,1713],{"class":66},[20,40455,301],{},[44,40457,40459],{"className":46,"code":40458,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"8.5\n",[15,40460,40461],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40462,40463],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40464,40458],{"class":70},[1327,40466,987],{"id":40467},"booleans",[20,40469,40470],{},"Boolean values also work:",[44,40472,40474],{"className":46,"code":40473,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,40475,40476,40490],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40477,40478,40480,40482,40484,40486,40488],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40479,145],{"class":144},[53,40481,127],{"class":66},[53,40483,2079],{"class":1704},[53,40485,127],{"class":66},[53,40487,3492],{"class":3739},[53,40489,1713],{"class":66},[53,40491,40492,40494,40496,40498,40500,40502],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,40493,145],{"class":144},[53,40495,127],{"class":66},[53,40497,2079],{"class":1704},[53,40499,127],{"class":66},[53,40501,3560],{"class":3739},[53,40503,1713],{"class":66},[20,40505,301],{},[44,40507,40509],{"className":46,"code":40508,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,40510,40511,40515],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40512,40513],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40514,40055],{"class":70},[53,40516,40517],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,40518,40241],{"class":70},[1327,40520,40522],{"id":40521},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,40524,40525,40526,40528],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40527,2771],{}," returns a float version of it:",[44,40530,40532],{"className":46,"code":40531,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40533,40534],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40535,40536,40538,40540,40542,40544,40546],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40537,145],{"class":144},[53,40539,127],{"class":66},[53,40541,2079],{"class":1704},[53,40543,127],{"class":66},[53,40545,2250],{"class":70},[53,40547,1713],{"class":66},[20,40549,301],{},[44,40551,40552],{"className":46,"code":2274,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,40553,40554],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40555,40556],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40557,2274],{"class":70},[39,40559,40561],{"id":40560},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,40563,40564,40565,99],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40566,2771],{},[1327,40568,40570],{"id":40569},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,40572,40573,40574,192],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40575,40576],{},"ValueError",[44,40578,40580],{"className":46,"code":40579,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40581,40582],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40583,40584,40586,40588,40590,40592,40594,40596,40598],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40585,145],{"class":144},[53,40587,127],{"class":66},[53,40589,2079],{"class":1704},[53,40591,127],{"class":66},[53,40593,229],{"class":228},[53,40595,3732],{"class":232},[53,40597,229],{"class":228},[53,40599,1713],{"class":66},[20,40601,29552],{},[44,40603,40605],{"className":46,"code":40604,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,40606,40607],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40608,40609,40611,40613,40616,40618,40621,40623,40625,40627,40629],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40610,40576],{"class":1704},[53,40612,192],{"class":66},[53,40614,40615],{"class":59}," could ",[53,40617,36],{"class":63},[53,40619,40620],{"class":59}," convert string to ",[53,40622,2079],{"class":1704},[53,40624,192],{"class":66},[53,40626,323],{"class":228},[53,40628,3732],{"class":232},[53,40630,29571],{"class":228},[20,40632,40633],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[44,40635,40637],{"className":46,"code":40636,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,40638,40639],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40640,40641,40643,40645,40647,40649,40651],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40642,145],{"class":144},[53,40644,127],{"class":66},[53,40646,2079],{"class":1704},[53,40648,127],{"class":66},[53,40650,6158],{"class":228},[53,40652,1713],{"class":66},[1327,40654,40656],{"id":40655},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,40658,40659],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[44,40661,40663],{"className":46,"code":40662,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,40664,40665],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40666,40667,40669,40671,40673,40675,40677,40679,40681,40683,40685],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40668,145],{"class":144},[53,40670,127],{"class":66},[53,40672,2079],{"class":1704},[53,40674,2873],{"class":66},[53,40676,71],{"class":70},[53,40678,74],{"class":66},[53,40680,77],{"class":70},[53,40682,74],{"class":66},[53,40684,82],{"class":70},[53,40686,2886],{"class":66},[20,40688,29552],{},[44,40690,40692],{"className":46,"code":40691,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,40693,40694],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40695,40696,40698,40700,40702,40704,40707,40710,40713,40715,40717,40719,40721],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40697,2892],{"class":1704},[53,40699,192],{"class":66},[53,40701,40128],{"class":1704},[53,40703,7253],{"class":66},[53,40705,40706],{"class":59}," argument must be a string ",[53,40708,40709],{"class":63},"or",[53,40711,40712],{"class":59}," a real number",[53,40714,74],{"class":66},[53,40716,7985],{"class":63},[53,40718,323],{"class":228},[53,40720,7979],{"class":232},[53,40722,29571],{"class":228},[1327,40724,40726],{"id":40725},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,40728,40729],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[44,40731,40733],{"className":46,"code":40732,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,40734,40735],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40736,40737,40739,40741,40743,40745,40747,40750,40752],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40738,145],{"class":144},[53,40740,127],{"class":66},[53,40742,2079],{"class":1704},[53,40744,127],{"class":66},[53,40746,229],{"class":228},[53,40748,40749],{"class":232},"3,14",[53,40751,229],{"class":228},[53,40753,1713],{"class":66},[20,40755,2889,40756,99],{},[15,40757,40576],{},[20,40759,40760,40761,960,40765,99],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[758,40762,40764],{"href":40763},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[758,40766,40768],{"href":40767},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[39,40770,998],{"id":997},[20,40772,40773,40775],{},[15,40774,2771],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,40777,1006,40778,40780],{},[34,40779,36],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,40782,211],{},[44,40784,40786],{"className":46,"code":40785,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40787,40788,40801,40815,40819,40829,40839,40853],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40789,40790,40792,40794,40796,40799],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40791,34561],{"class":59},[53,40793,31],{"class":63},[53,40795,240],{"class":228},[53,40797,40798],{"class":232},"6.5",[53,40800,1682],{"class":228},[53,40802,40803,40805,40807,40809,40811,40813],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,40804,2104],{"class":59},[53,40806,31],{"class":63},[53,40808,40128],{"class":1704},[53,40810,127],{"class":66},[53,40812,34582],{"class":102},[53,40814,133],{"class":66},[53,40816,40817],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,40818,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,40820,40821,40823,40825,40827],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,40822,145],{"class":144},[53,40824,127],{"class":66},[53,40826,34582],{"class":102},[53,40828,133],{"class":66},[53,40830,40831,40833,40835,40837],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,40832,145],{"class":144},[53,40834,127],{"class":66},[53,40836,2127],{"class":102},[53,40838,133],{"class":66},[53,40840,40841,40843,40845,40847,40849,40851],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,40842,145],{"class":144},[53,40844,127],{"class":66},[53,40846,1705],{"class":1704},[53,40848,127],{"class":66},[53,40850,34582],{"class":102},[53,40852,1713],{"class":66},[53,40854,40855,40857,40859,40861,40863,40865],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,40856,145],{"class":144},[53,40858,127],{"class":66},[53,40860,1705],{"class":1704},[53,40862,127],{"class":66},[53,40864,2127],{"class":102},[53,40866,1713],{"class":66},[20,40868,301],{},[44,40870,40872],{"className":46,"code":40871,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40873,40874,40879,40883,40897],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40875,40876],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40877,40878],{"class":70},"6.5\n",[53,40880,40881],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,40882,40878],{"class":70},[53,40884,40885,40887,40889,40891,40893,40895],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,40886,3178],{"class":63},[53,40888,3181],{"class":1954},[53,40890,323],{"class":228},[53,40892,3330],{"class":232},[53,40894,314],{"class":228},[53,40896,3190],{"class":63},[53,40898,40899,40901,40903,40905,40907,40909],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,40900,3178],{"class":63},[53,40902,3181],{"class":1954},[53,40904,323],{"class":228},[53,40906,2079],{"class":232},[53,40908,314],{"class":228},[53,40910,3190],{"class":63},[20,40912,40913],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[39,40915,40917],{"id":40916},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[1327,40919,40921,40922,40924],{"id":40920},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,40923,2845],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,40926,1870,40927,40931,40932,99],{},[758,40928,40929,2191],{"href":8105},[15,40930,2845],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,40933,2771],{},[44,40935,40937],{"className":46,"code":40936,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,40938,40939,40958,40972,40976],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40940,40941,40943,40945,40947,40949,40951,40954,40956],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40942,8123],{"class":59},[53,40944,31],{"class":63},[53,40946,8128],{"class":144},[53,40948,127],{"class":66},[53,40950,229],{"class":228},[53,40952,40953],{"class":232},"Enter a price: ",[53,40955,229],{"class":228},[53,40957,133],{"class":66},[53,40959,40960,40962,40964,40966,40968,40970],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,40961,40260],{"class":59},[53,40963,31],{"class":63},[53,40965,40128],{"class":1704},[53,40967,127],{"class":66},[53,40969,8152],{"class":102},[53,40971,133],{"class":66},[53,40973,40974],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,40975,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,40977,40978,40980,40982,40984,40986,40988],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,40979,145],{"class":144},[53,40981,127],{"class":66},[53,40983,40260],{"class":102},[53,40985,39745],{"class":63},[53,40987,77],{"class":70},[53,40989,133],{"class":66},[20,40991,40992,40993,40996],{},"If the user enters ",[15,40994,40995],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[44,40998,41000],{"className":46,"code":40999,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"9.0\n",[15,41001,41002],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41003,41004],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41005,40999],{"class":70},[20,41007,41008,41009,99],{},"For more help with this, see ",[758,41010,8868],{"href":8867},[1327,41012,41014],{"id":41013},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[44,41016,41018],{"className":46,"code":41017,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,41019,41020,41033,41046,41050,41075],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41021,41022,41024,41026,41028,41031],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41023,1345],{"class":59},[53,41025,31],{"class":63},[53,41027,240],{"class":228},[53,41029,41030],{"class":232},"2.5",[53,41032,1682],{"class":228},[53,41034,41035,41037,41039,41041,41044],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,41036,1366],{"class":59},[53,41038,31],{"class":63},[53,41040,240],{"class":228},[53,41042,41043],{"class":232},"1.5",[53,41045,1682],{"class":228},[53,41047,41048],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,41049,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,41051,41052,41055,41057,41059,41061,41063,41065,41067,41069,41071,41073],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,41053,41054],{"class":59},"total ",[53,41056,31],{"class":63},[53,41058,40128],{"class":1704},[53,41060,127],{"class":66},[53,41062,758],{"class":102},[53,41064,153],{"class":66},[53,41066,2342],{"class":63},[53,41068,40128],{"class":1704},[53,41070,127],{"class":66},[53,41072,1376],{"class":102},[53,41074,133],{"class":66},[53,41076,41077,41079,41081,41084],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,41078,145],{"class":144},[53,41080,127],{"class":66},[53,41082,41083],{"class":102},"total",[53,41085,133],{"class":66},[20,41087,301],{},[44,41089,41091],{"className":46,"code":41090,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"4.0\n",[15,41092,41093],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41094,41095],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41096,41090],{"class":70},[1327,41098,41100],{"id":41099},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,41102,41103],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[44,41105,41107],{"className":46,"code":41106,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,41108,41109,41119,41134,41138],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41110,41111,41114,41116],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41112,41113],{"class":59},"count ",[53,41115,31],{"class":63},[53,41117,41118],{"class":70}," 7\n",[53,41120,41121,41123,41125,41127,41129,41132],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,41122,2117],{"class":59},[53,41124,31],{"class":63},[53,41126,40128],{"class":1704},[53,41128,127],{"class":66},[53,41130,41131],{"class":102},"count",[53,41133,133],{"class":66},[53,41135,41136],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,41137,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,41139,41140,41142,41144,41146],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,41141,145],{"class":144},[53,41143,127],{"class":66},[53,41145,2152],{"class":102},[53,41147,133],{"class":66},[20,41149,301],{},[44,41151,41153],{"className":46,"code":41152,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"7.0\n",[15,41154,41155],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41156,41157],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41158,41152],{"class":70},[1327,41160,41162],{"id":41161},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,41164,41165,41166,41168],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,41167,2771],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[44,41170,41172],{"className":46,"code":41171,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,41173,41174,41188,41204,41208],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41175,41176,41179,41181,41183,41186],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41177,41178],{"class":59},"temperature_text ",[53,41180,31],{"class":63},[53,41182,240],{"class":228},[53,41184,41185],{"class":232},"21.8",[53,41187,1682],{"class":228},[53,41189,41190,41193,41195,41197,41199,41202],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,41191,41192],{"class":59},"temperature ",[53,41194,31],{"class":63},[53,41196,40128],{"class":1704},[53,41198,127],{"class":66},[53,41200,41201],{"class":102},"temperature_text",[53,41203,133],{"class":66},[53,41205,41206],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,41207,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,41209,41210,41212,41214,41217],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,41211,145],{"class":144},[53,41213,127],{"class":66},[53,41215,41216],{"class":102},"temperature",[53,41218,133],{"class":66},[39,41220,41222],{"id":41221},"special-values","Special values",[20,41224,41225,41227],{},[15,41226,2771],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[1327,41229,41231],{"id":41230},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[44,41233,41235],{"className":46,"code":41234,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,41236,41237],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41238,41239,41241,41243,41245,41247,41249,41252,41254],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41240,145],{"class":144},[53,41242,127],{"class":66},[53,41244,2079],{"class":1704},[53,41246,127],{"class":66},[53,41248,229],{"class":228},[53,41250,41251],{"class":232},"inf",[53,41253,229],{"class":228},[53,41255,1713],{"class":66},[20,41257,301],{},[44,41259,41261],{"className":46,"code":41260,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"inf\n",[15,41262,41263],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41264,41265],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41266,41260],{"class":59},[1327,41268,41270],{"id":41269},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[44,41272,41274],{"className":46,"code":41273,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,41275,41276],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41277,41278,41280,41282,41284,41286,41288,41291,41293],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41279,145],{"class":144},[53,41281,127],{"class":66},[53,41283,2079],{"class":1704},[53,41285,127],{"class":66},[53,41287,229],{"class":228},[53,41289,41290],{"class":232},"-inf",[53,41292,229],{"class":228},[53,41294,1713],{"class":66},[20,41296,301],{},[44,41298,41300],{"className":46,"code":41299,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"-inf\n",[15,41301,41302],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41303,41304,41306],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41305,1912],{"class":63},[53,41307,41260],{"class":59},[1327,41309,41311],{"id":41310},"not-a-number","Not a number",[44,41313,41315],{"className":46,"code":41314,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,41316,41317],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41318,41319,41321,41323,41325,41327,41329,41332,41334],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41320,145],{"class":144},[53,41322,127],{"class":66},[53,41324,2079],{"class":1704},[53,41326,127],{"class":66},[53,41328,229],{"class":228},[53,41330,41331],{"class":232},"nan",[53,41333,229],{"class":228},[53,41335,1713],{"class":66},[20,41337,301],{},[44,41339,41341],{"className":46,"code":41340,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"nan\n",[15,41342,41343],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41344,41345],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41346,41340],{"class":59},[20,41348,41349],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[194,41351,41352,41357,41362],{},[197,41353,41354,41356],{},[15,41355,41251],{}," means positive infinity",[197,41358,41359,41361],{},[15,41360,41290],{}," means negative infinity",[197,41363,41364,41366],{},[15,41365,41331],{}," means “not a number”",[20,41368,41369,41370,41372],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,41371,2771],{}," accepts them.",[39,41374,41376],{"id":41375},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,41378,41379,41380,41382],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,41381,2771],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[1327,41384,40576],{"id":41385},"valueerror",[20,41387,15059,41388,41390],{},[15,41389,40576],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,41392,41393],{},"Common causes:",[194,41395,41396,41402,41405,41408],{},[197,41397,41398,41399],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,41400,41401],{},"\"abc\"",[197,41403,41404],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[197,41406,41407],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[197,41409,4590,41410],{},[758,41411,41412,41414],{"href":8105},[15,41413,2845],{}," returns a string",[20,41416,211],{},[44,41418,41420],{"className":46,"code":41419,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41421,41422,41435],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41423,41424,41426,41428,41430,41433],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41425,2335],{"class":59},[53,41427,31],{"class":63},[53,41429,240],{"class":228},[53,41431,41432],{"class":232},"abc",[53,41434,1682],{"class":228},[53,41436,41437,41439,41441,41443,41445,41447],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,41438,145],{"class":144},[53,41440,127],{"class":66},[53,41442,2079],{"class":1704},[53,41444,127],{"class":66},[53,41446,2360],{"class":102},[53,41448,1713],{"class":66},[1327,41450,2892],{"id":41451},"typeerror",[20,41453,15059,41454,41456],{},[15,41455,2892],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,41458,41393],{},[194,41460,41461,41464,41467],{},[197,41462,41463],{},"Passing a list",[197,41465,41466],{},"Passing a dictionary",[197,41468,41469],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,41471,211],{},[44,41473,41475],{"className":46,"code":41474,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41476,41477,41502],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41478,41479,41481,41483,41485,41487,41489,41491,41493,41495,41498,41500],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41480,2335],{"class":59},[53,41482,31],{"class":63},[53,41484,10379],{"class":66},[53,41486,229],{"class":228},[53,41488,25020],{"class":232},[53,41490,229],{"class":228},[53,41492,192],{"class":66},[53,41494,240],{"class":228},[53,41496,41497],{"class":232},"9.99",[53,41499,229],{"class":228},[53,41501,9197],{"class":66},[53,41503,41504,41506,41508,41510,41512,41514],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,41505,145],{"class":144},[53,41507,127],{"class":66},[53,41509,2079],{"class":1704},[53,41511,127],{"class":66},[53,41513,2360],{"class":102},[53,41515,1713],{"class":66},[1327,41517,41519],{"id":41518},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,41521,41522,41523,41526],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41524,41525],{},"strip()"," can help:",[44,41528,41530],{"className":46,"code":41529,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41531,41532,41545,41560,41564],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41533,41534,41536,41538,41540,41543],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41535,2335],{"class":59},[53,41537,31],{"class":63},[53,41539,240],{"class":228},[53,41541,41542],{"class":232},"  7.25  ",[53,41544,1682],{"class":228},[53,41546,41547,41550,41552,41554,41556,41558],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,41548,41549],{"class":59},"clean_value ",[53,41551,31],{"class":63},[53,41553,8319],{"class":59},[53,41555,99],{"class":66},[53,41557,8521],{"class":102},[53,41559,106],{"class":66},[53,41561,41562],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,41563,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,41565,41566,41568,41570,41572,41574,41577],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,41567,145],{"class":144},[53,41569,127],{"class":66},[53,41571,2079],{"class":1704},[53,41573,127],{"class":66},[53,41575,41576],{"class":102},"clean_value",[53,41578,1713],{"class":66},[20,41580,301],{},[44,41582,41584],{"className":46,"code":41583,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"7.25\n",[15,41585,41586],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41587,41588],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41589,41583],{"class":70},[1327,41591,41593],{"id":41592},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,41595,41596],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[44,41598,41600],{"className":46,"code":41599,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41601,41602,41615,41619,41629,41643,41658,41662,41676],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41603,41604,41606,41608,41610,41613],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41605,2335],{"class":59},[53,41607,31],{"class":63},[53,41609,240],{"class":228},[53,41611,41612],{"class":232}," 3.5 ",[53,41614,1682],{"class":228},[53,41616,41617],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,41618,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,41620,41621,41623,41625,41627],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,41622,145],{"class":144},[53,41624,127],{"class":66},[53,41626,2360],{"class":102},[53,41628,133],{"class":66},[53,41630,41631,41633,41635,41637,41639,41641],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,41632,145],{"class":144},[53,41634,127],{"class":66},[53,41636,1705],{"class":1704},[53,41638,127],{"class":66},[53,41640,2360],{"class":102},[53,41642,1713],{"class":66},[53,41644,41645,41647,41649,41652,41654,41656],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,41646,145],{"class":144},[53,41648,127],{"class":66},[53,41650,41651],{"class":144},"repr",[53,41653,127],{"class":66},[53,41655,2360],{"class":102},[53,41657,1713],{"class":66},[53,41659,41660],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,41661,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,41663,41664,41666,41668,41670,41672,41674],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,41665,41549],{"class":59},[53,41667,31],{"class":63},[53,41669,8319],{"class":59},[53,41671,99],{"class":66},[53,41673,8521],{"class":102},[53,41675,106],{"class":66},[53,41677,41678,41680,41682,41684,41686,41688],{"class":55,"line":6312},[53,41679,145],{"class":144},[53,41681,127],{"class":66},[53,41683,2079],{"class":1704},[53,41685,127],{"class":66},[53,41687,41576],{"class":102},[53,41689,1713],{"class":66},[20,41691,41692],{},"Why this helps:",[194,41694,41695,41701,41706,41712],{},[197,41696,41697,41700],{},[15,41698,41699],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[197,41702,41703,21236],{},[15,41704,41705],{},"print(type(value))",[197,41707,41708,41711],{},[15,41709,41710],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[197,41713,41714,41716],{},[15,41715,41525],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[1327,41718,41720],{"id":41719},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,41722,41723],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[44,41725,41727],{"className":46,"code":41726,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,41728,41729,41748,41752,41758,41773,41792,41801],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41730,41731,41733,41735,41737,41739,41741,41744,41746],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41732,2335],{"class":59},[53,41734,31],{"class":63},[53,41736,8128],{"class":144},[53,41738,127],{"class":66},[53,41740,229],{"class":228},[53,41742,41743],{"class":232},"Enter a number: ",[53,41745,229],{"class":228},[53,41747,133],{"class":66},[53,41749,41750],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,41751,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,41753,41754,41756],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,41755,29675],{"class":3764},[53,41757,6280],{"class":66},[53,41759,41760,41763,41765,41767,41769,41771],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,41761,41762],{"class":59},"    number ",[53,41764,31],{"class":63},[53,41766,40128],{"class":1704},[53,41768,127],{"class":66},[53,41770,2360],{"class":102},[53,41772,133],{"class":66},[53,41774,41775,41777,41779,41781,41784,41786,41788,41790],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,41776,7954],{"class":144},[53,41778,127],{"class":66},[53,41780,229],{"class":228},[53,41782,41783],{"class":232},"Converted:",[53,41785,229],{"class":228},[53,41787,74],{"class":66},[53,41789,2084],{"class":102},[53,41791,133],{"class":66},[53,41793,41794,41796,41799],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,41795,29706],{"class":3764},[53,41797,41798],{"class":1704}," ValueError",[53,41800,6280],{"class":66},[53,41802,41803,41805,41807,41809,41812,41814],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,41804,7954],{"class":144},[53,41806,127],{"class":66},[53,41808,229],{"class":228},[53,41810,41811],{"class":232},"That is not a valid number.",[53,41813,229],{"class":228},[53,41815,133],{"class":66},[20,41817,41818,41819,99],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[758,41820,40768],{"href":40767},[39,41822,41824],{"id":41823},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,41826,10479,41827,960,41829,41831],{},[15,41828,2771],{},[15,41830,2764],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,41833,41834,41836],{},[15,41835,2771],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[44,41838,41840],{"className":46,"code":41839,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41841,41842],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41843,41844,41846,41848,41850,41852,41854,41857,41859],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41845,145],{"class":144},[53,41847,127],{"class":66},[53,41849,2079],{"class":1704},[53,41851,127],{"class":66},[53,41853,229],{"class":228},[53,41855,41856],{"class":232},"3.9",[53,41858,229],{"class":228},[53,41860,1713],{"class":66},[20,41862,301],{},[44,41864,41866],{"className":46,"code":41865,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"3.9\n",[15,41867,41868],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41869,41870],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41871,41865],{"class":70},[20,41873,41874,41876],{},[15,41875,2764],{}," creates whole numbers:",[44,41878,41880],{"className":46,"code":41879,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,41881,41882],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41883,41884,41886,41888,41890,41892,41894,41896,41898],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41885,145],{"class":144},[53,41887,127],{"class":66},[53,41889,2075],{"class":1704},[53,41891,127],{"class":66},[53,41893,229],{"class":228},[53,41895,1188],{"class":232},[53,41897,229],{"class":228},[53,41899,1713],{"class":66},[20,41901,301],{},[44,41903,41904],{"className":46,"code":2264,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,41905,41906],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41907,41908],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41909,2264],{"class":70},[20,41911,41912,41913,41916],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,41914,41915],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[44,41918,41920],{"className":46,"code":41919,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41921,41922],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41923,41924,41926,41928,41930,41932,41934,41936,41938],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41925,145],{"class":144},[53,41927,127],{"class":66},[53,41929,2075],{"class":1704},[53,41931,127],{"class":66},[53,41933,229],{"class":228},[53,41935,41856],{"class":232},[53,41937,229],{"class":228},[53,41939,1713],{"class":66},[20,41941,2889,41942,8488,41944,41947],{},[15,41943,40576],{},[15,41945,41946],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,41949,10601],{},[194,41951,41952,41958],{},[197,41953,41954,41957],{},[15,41955,41956],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[197,41959,41960,41962],{},[15,41961,41915],{}," fails",[20,41964,41965,41966,41969,41970,41972],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[758,41967,41968],{"href":2761},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[758,41971,2308],{"href":2307}," helpful.",[39,41974,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,41976,41978],{"id":41977},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,41980,41981,41982,2765,41984,99],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,41983,2379],{},[15,41985,40016],{},[1327,41987,41989],{"id":41988},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,41991,41992,41993,2765,41996,99],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,41994,41995],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,41997,41998],{},"\"10\"",[1327,42000,42002],{"id":42001},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,42004,28932,42005,42007,42008,99],{},[15,42006,41401],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,42009,40576],{},[1327,42011,42013],{"id":42012},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,42015,5031,42016,99],{},[15,42017,3654],{},[1327,42019,42021],{"id":42020},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,42023,1769,42024,42026,42027,960,42030,42026,42032,99],{},[15,42025,3492],{}," becomes ",[15,42028,42029],{},"1.0",[15,42031,3560],{},[15,42033,3654],{},[39,42035,1788],{"id":1787},[194,42037,42038,42042,42048,42053,42057,42061],{},[197,42039,42040],{},[758,42041,41968],{"href":2761},[197,42043,42044],{},[758,42045,42047],{"href":42046},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[197,42049,42050],{},[758,42051,42052],{"href":40763},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[197,42054,42055],{},[758,42056,8945],{"href":8867},[197,42058,42059],{},[758,42060,40768],{"href":40767},[197,42062,42063],{},[758,42064,42065],{"href":8105},"Python input() Function Explained",[1817,42067,42068],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":42070},[42071,42072,42073,42074,42081,42086,42087,42094,42099,42106,42107,42114],{"id":41,"depth":88,"text":42},{"id":40063,"depth":88,"text":40064},{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372},{"id":40288,"depth":88,"text":40289,"children":42075},[42076,42077,42078,42079,42080],{"id":40297,"depth":109,"text":40298},{"id":40361,"depth":109,"text":40362},{"id":40425,"depth":109,"text":40426},{"id":40467,"depth":109,"text":987},{"id":40521,"depth":109,"text":40522},{"id":40560,"depth":88,"text":40561,"children":42082},[42083,42084,42085],{"id":40569,"depth":109,"text":40570},{"id":40655,"depth":109,"text":40656},{"id":40725,"depth":109,"text":40726},{"id":997,"depth":88,"text":998},{"id":40916,"depth":88,"text":40917,"children":42088},[42089,42091,42092,42093],{"id":40920,"depth":109,"text":42090},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":41013,"depth":109,"text":41014},{"id":41099,"depth":109,"text":41100},{"id":41161,"depth":109,"text":41162},{"id":41221,"depth":88,"text":41222,"children":42095},[42096,42097,42098],{"id":41230,"depth":109,"text":41231},{"id":41269,"depth":109,"text":41270},{"id":41310,"depth":109,"text":41311},{"id":41375,"depth":88,"text":41376,"children":42100},[42101,42102,42103,42104,42105],{"id":41385,"depth":109,"text":40576},{"id":41451,"depth":109,"text":2892},{"id":41518,"depth":109,"text":41519},{"id":41592,"depth":109,"text":41593},{"id":41719,"depth":109,"text":41720},{"id":41823,"depth":88,"text":41824},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":42108},[42109,42110,42111,42112,42113],{"id":41977,"depth":109,"text":41978},{"id":41988,"depth":109,"text":41989},{"id":42001,"depth":109,"text":42002},{"id":42012,"depth":109,"text":42013},{"id":42020,"depth":109,"text":42021},{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":39964,"description":42115},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42122,"title":42123,"body":42124,"description":43345,"extension":1853,"meta":43346,"navigation":112,"path":34898,"seo":43347,"stem":43348,"__hash__":43349},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42125,"toc":43311},[42126,42129,42134,42137,42139,42178,42192,42196,42201,42204,42221,42224,42234,42249,42252,42254,42257,42273,42276,42279,42299,42303,42314,42317,42321,42325,42339,42374,42378,42389,42424,42427,42429,42437,42470,42486,42488,42498,42519,42530,42532,42537,42540,42554,42556,42575,42578,42591,42594,42598,42602,42616,42619,42637,42640,42655,42659,42664,42678,42684,42686,42743,42745,42778,42781,42797,42801,42808,42812,42817,42820,42831,42835,42840,42855,42864,42869,42888,42891,42903,42905,42910,42920,42923,42952,42957,42966,42970,42975,42978,42982,42987,42989,43019,43022,43029,43034,43039,43043,43046,43054,43057,43135,43138,43160,43162,43166,43169,43173,43179,43242,43246,43254,43258,43261,43263,43288,43308],[10,42127,42123],{"id":42128},"python-help-function-explained",[20,42130,3470,42131,42133],{},[15,42132,34901],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,42135,42136],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[39,42138,42],{"id":41},[44,42140,42142],{"className":46,"code":42141,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,42143,42144,42154,42164],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42145,42146,42148,42150,42152],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42147,32025],{"class":144},[53,42149,127],{"class":66},[53,42151,11050],{"class":144},[53,42153,133],{"class":66},[53,42155,42156,42158,42160,42162],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,42157,32025],{"class":144},[53,42159,127],{"class":66},[53,42161,3330],{"class":1704},[53,42163,133],{"class":66},[53,42165,42166,42168,42170,42172,42174,42176],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,42167,32025],{"class":144},[53,42169,127],{"class":66},[53,42171,314],{"class":228},[53,42173,34532],{"class":232},[53,42175,314],{"class":228},[53,42177,133],{"class":66},[20,42179,174,42180,42182,42183,2765,42185,42187,42188,42191],{},[15,42181,34901],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,42184,11050],{},[15,42186,3330],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,42189,42190],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[39,42193,42195],{"id":42194},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,42197,42198,42200],{},[15,42199,34901],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,42202,42203],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[194,42205,42206,42209,42212,42215,42218],{},[197,42207,42208],{},"Functions",[197,42210,42211],{},"Classes",[197,42213,42214],{},"Methods",[197,42216,42217],{},"Modules",[197,42219,42220],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,42222,42223],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,42225,42226,42227,42233],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[758,42228,42230],{"href":42229},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,42231,42232],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[44,42235,42237],{"className":46,"code":42236,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"help(len)\n",[15,42238,42239],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42240,42241,42243,42245,42247],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42242,32025],{"class":144},[53,42244,127],{"class":66},[53,42246,11050],{"class":144},[53,42248,133],{"class":66},[20,42250,42251],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[39,42253,372],{"id":371},[20,42255,42256],{},"The main form is:",[44,42258,42260],{"className":46,"code":42259,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"help(object)\n",[15,42261,42262],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42263,42264,42266,42268,42271],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42265,32025],{"class":144},[53,42267,127],{"class":66},[53,42269,42270],{"class":1704},"object",[53,42272,133],{"class":66},[20,42274,42275],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,42277,42278],{},"Common examples include:",[194,42280,42281,42285,42290,42294],{},[197,42282,42283],{},[15,42284,11050],{},[197,42286,42287],{},[15,42288,42289],{},"list.append",[197,42291,42292],{},[15,42293,3330],{},[197,42295,42296],{},[15,42297,42298],{},"open",[20,42300,7062,42301,7065],{},[15,42302,34901],{},[44,42304,42306],{"className":46,"code":42305,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"help()\n",[15,42307,42308],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42309,42310,42312],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42311,32025],{"class":144},[53,42313,106],{"class":66},[20,42315,42316],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[39,42318,42320],{"id":42319},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[1327,42322,42324],{"id":42323},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,42326,42327,42328,2076,42330,2076,42332,16942,42335,99],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,42329,11050],{},[15,42331,145],{},[15,42333,42334],{},"input",[758,42336,42337],{"href":2187},[15,42338,2190],{},[44,42340,42342],{"className":46,"code":42341,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,42343,42344,42354,42364],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42345,42346,42348,42350,42352],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42347,32025],{"class":144},[53,42349,127],{"class":66},[53,42351,145],{"class":144},[53,42353,133],{"class":66},[53,42355,42356,42358,42360,42362],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,42357,32025],{"class":144},[53,42359,127],{"class":66},[53,42361,42334],{"class":144},[53,42363,133],{"class":66},[53,42365,42366,42368,42370,42372],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,42367,32025],{"class":144},[53,42369,127],{"class":66},[53,42371,1705],{"class":1704},[53,42373,133],{"class":66},[1327,42375,42377],{"id":42376},"data-types","Data types",[20,42379,42380,42381,2076,42383,2076,42385,16942,42387,99],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,42382,3330],{},[15,42384,7979],{},[15,42386,8708],{},[15,42388,6173],{},[44,42390,42392],{"className":46,"code":42391,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,42393,42394,42404,42414],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42395,42396,42398,42400,42402],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42397,32025],{"class":144},[53,42399,127],{"class":66},[53,42401,3330],{"class":1704},[53,42403,133],{"class":66},[53,42405,42406,42408,42410,42412],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,42407,32025],{"class":144},[53,42409,127],{"class":66},[53,42411,7979],{"class":1704},[53,42413,133],{"class":66},[53,42415,42416,42418,42420,42422],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,42417,32025],{"class":144},[53,42419,127],{"class":66},[53,42421,8708],{"class":1704},[53,42423,133],{"class":66},[20,42425,42426],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[1327,42428,42214],{"id":34379},[20,42430,42431,42432,960,42435,99],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,42433,42434],{},"str.split",[15,42436,42289],{},[44,42438,42440],{"className":46,"code":42439,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,42441,42442,42456],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42443,42444,42446,42448,42450,42452,42454],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42445,32025],{"class":144},[53,42447,127],{"class":66},[53,42449,3330],{"class":1704},[53,42451,99],{"class":66},[53,42453,34342],{"class":24620},[53,42455,133],{"class":66},[53,42457,42458,42460,42462,42464,42466,42468],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,42459,32025],{"class":144},[53,42461,127],{"class":66},[53,42463,7979],{"class":1704},[53,42465,99],{"class":66},[53,42467,124],{"class":24620},[53,42469,133],{"class":66},[20,42471,42472,42473,8591,42475,28184,42480,42482,42483,42485],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,42474,34901],{},[758,42476,42478],{"href":42477},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,42479,34184],{},[15,42481,34184],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,42484,34901],{}," explains one of them.",[1327,42487,42217],{"id":34532},[20,42489,42490,42491,2076,42493,16942,42495,99],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,42492,18284],{},[15,42494,35064],{},[15,42496,42497],{},"os",[44,42499,42501],{"className":46,"code":42500,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,42502,42503,42509],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42504,42505,42507],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42506,34965],{"class":3764},[53,42508,34968],{"class":59},[53,42510,42511,42513,42515,42517],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,42512,32025],{"class":144},[53,42514,127],{"class":66},[53,42516,18284],{"class":102},[53,42518,133],{"class":66},[20,42520,42521,42522,42526,42527,99],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[758,42523,42525],{"href":42524},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[758,42528,35031],{"href":42529},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[39,42531,34792],{"id":34791},[20,42533,42534,42536],{},[15,42535,34901],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,42538,42539],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[194,42541,42542,42545,42548,42551],{},[197,42543,42544],{},"The function signature",[197,42546,42547],{},"The short description",[197,42549,42550],{},"Parameter names",[197,42552,42553],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,42555,5356],{},[44,42557,42559],{"className":46,"code":42558,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42560,42561],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42562,42563,42565,42567,42569,42571,42573],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42564,32025],{"class":144},[53,42566,127],{"class":66},[53,42568,3330],{"class":1704},[53,42570,99],{"class":66},[53,42572,34342],{"class":24620},[53,42574,133],{"class":66},[20,42576,42577],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[194,42579,42580,42583,42586,42588],{},[197,42581,42582],{},"What object this is",[197,42584,42585],{},"What arguments it accepts",[197,42587,21839],{},[197,42589,42590],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,42592,42593],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[39,42595,42597],{"id":42596},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,42599,42600,29745],{},[15,42601,34901],{},[194,42603,42604,42607,42610,42613],{},[197,42605,42606],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[197,42608,42609],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[197,42611,42612],{},"You are exploring a new module",[197,42614,42615],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,42617,42618],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[44,42620,42621],{"className":46,"code":42558,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,42622,42623],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42624,42625,42627,42629,42631,42633,42635],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42626,32025],{"class":144},[53,42628,127],{"class":66},[53,42630,3330],{"class":1704},[53,42632,99],{"class":66},[53,42634,34342],{"class":24620},[53,42636,133],{"class":66},[20,42638,42639],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[44,42641,42643],{"className":46,"code":42642,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"help(open)\n",[15,42644,42645],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42646,42647,42649,42651,42653],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42648,32025],{"class":144},[53,42650,127],{"class":66},[53,42652,42298],{"class":144},[53,42654,133],{"class":66},[39,42656,42658],{"id":42657},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,42660,42661,42663],{},[15,42662,34901],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[194,42665,42666,42669,42672,42675],{},[197,42667,42668],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[197,42670,42671],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[197,42673,42674],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[197,42676,42677],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,42679,42680,42681,42683],{},"So, ",[15,42682,34901],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,42685,5356],{},[44,42687,42689],{"className":46,"code":42688,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,42690,42691,42704,42728,42732],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42692,42693,42695,42697,42699,42702],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42694,34561],{"class":59},[53,42696,31],{"class":63},[53,42698,240],{"class":228},[53,42700,42701],{"class":232},"a,b,c",[53,42703,1682],{"class":228},[53,42705,42706,42709,42711,42714,42716,42718,42720,42722,42724,42726],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,42707,42708],{"class":59},"parts ",[53,42710,31],{"class":63},[53,42712,42713],{"class":59}," text",[53,42715,99],{"class":66},[53,42717,34342],{"class":102},[53,42719,127],{"class":66},[53,42721,229],{"class":228},[53,42723,74],{"class":232},[53,42725,229],{"class":228},[53,42727,133],{"class":66},[53,42729,42730],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,42731,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,42733,42734,42736,42738,42741],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,42735,145],{"class":144},[53,42737,127],{"class":66},[53,42739,42740],{"class":102},"parts",[53,42742,133],{"class":66},[20,42744,5444],{},[44,42746,42748],{"className":46,"code":42747,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,42749,42750],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42751,42752,42754,42756,42758,42760,42762,42764,42766,42768,42770,42772,42774,42776],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42753,311],{"class":66},[53,42755,314],{"class":228},[53,42757,758],{"class":232},[53,42759,314],{"class":228},[53,42761,74],{"class":66},[53,42763,323],{"class":228},[53,42765,1376],{"class":232},[53,42767,314],{"class":228},[53,42769,74],{"class":66},[53,42771,323],{"class":228},[53,42773,9628],{"class":232},[53,42775,314],{"class":228},[53,42777,85],{"class":66},[20,42779,42780],{},"A good workflow is:",[28584,42782,42783,42788,42791,42794],{},[197,42784,174,42785,42787],{},[15,42786,34901],{}," to inspect something",[197,42789,42790],{},"Write a tiny example",[197,42792,42793],{},"Check the result",[197,42795,42796],{},"Repeat",[39,42798,42800],{"id":42799},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,42802,42803,960,42805,42807],{},[15,42804,34901],{},[15,42806,34184],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[1327,42809,42810],{"id":32025},[15,42811,34901],{},[20,42813,174,42814,42816],{},[15,42815,34901],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,42818,42819],{},"It tells you:",[194,42821,42822,42825,42828],{},[197,42823,42824],{},"What something is",[197,42826,42827],{},"How to use it",[197,42829,42830],{},"What parameters it accepts",[1327,42832,42833],{"id":34245},[15,42834,34184],{},[20,42836,174,42837,42839],{},[15,42838,34184],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[44,42841,42843],{"className":46,"code":42842,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dir(str)\n",[15,42844,42845],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42846,42847,42849,42851,42853],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42848,34245],{"class":144},[53,42850,127],{"class":66},[53,42852,3330],{"class":1704},[53,42854,133],{"class":66},[20,42856,42857,42858,2076,42860,16942,42862,99],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,42859,34342],{},[15,42861,8521],{},[15,42863,8527],{},[20,42865,42866,42867,192],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,42868,34901],{},[44,42870,42872],{"className":46,"code":42871,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,42873,42874],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42875,42876,42878,42880,42882,42884,42886],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42877,32025],{"class":144},[53,42879,127],{"class":66},[53,42881,3330],{"class":1704},[53,42883,99],{"class":66},[53,42885,8527],{"class":24620},[53,42887,133],{"class":66},[20,42889,42890],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[194,42892,42893,42898],{},[197,42894,174,42895,42897],{},[15,42896,34184],{}," to discover options",[197,42899,174,42900,42902],{},[15,42901,34901],{}," to understand one option",[39,42904,2716],{"id":2715},[20,42906,42907,42908,99],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,42909,34901],{},[1327,42911,485,42913,42916,42917],{"id":42912},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,42914,42915],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,42918,42919],{},"help(len)",[20,42921,42922],{},"These are not always the same.",[44,42924,42926],{"className":46,"code":42925,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,42927,42928,42938],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42929,42930,42932,42934,42936],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42931,32025],{"class":144},[53,42933,127],{"class":66},[53,42935,11050],{"class":144},[53,42937,133],{"class":66},[53,42939,42940,42942,42944,42946,42948,42950],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,42941,32025],{"class":144},[53,42943,127],{"class":66},[53,42945,314],{"class":228},[53,42947,11050],{"class":232},[53,42949,314],{"class":228},[53,42951,133],{"class":66},[20,42953,42954,42956],{},[15,42955,42919],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,42958,42959,42961,42962,42965],{},[15,42960,42915],{}," treats ",[15,42963,42964],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[1327,42967,42969],{"id":42968},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,42971,42972,42974],{},[15,42973,34901],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,42976,42977],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[1327,42979,42981],{"id":42980},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,42983,40216,42984,42986],{},[15,42985,34901],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,42988,211],{},[44,42990,42992],{"className":46,"code":42991,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,42993,42994,43004],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42995,42996,42998,43000,43002],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42997,32025],{"class":144},[53,42999,127],{"class":66},[53,43001,11050],{"class":144},[53,43003,133],{"class":66},[53,43005,43006,43008,43010,43012,43015,43017],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,43007,145],{"class":144},[53,43009,127],{"class":66},[53,43011,229],{"class":228},[53,43013,43014],{"class":232},"Done",[53,43016,229],{"class":228},[53,43018,133],{"class":66},[20,43020,43021],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[1327,43023,37078,43025,8591,43027],{"id":43024},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,43026,34901],{},[15,43028,34184],{},[20,43030,43031,43032,99],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,43033,34184],{},[20,43035,43036,43037,99],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,43038,34901],{},[39,43040,43042],{"id":43041},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,43044,43045],{},"Open Python:",[44,43047,43048],{"className":46,"code":35417,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,43049,43050],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,43051,43052],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,43053,35417],{"class":59},[20,43055,43056],{},"Then test these commands:",[44,43058,43060],{"className":46,"code":43059,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,43061,43062,43072,43086,43100,43110,43125],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,43063,43064,43066,43068,43070],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,43065,32025],{"class":144},[53,43067,127],{"class":66},[53,43069,11050],{"class":144},[53,43071,133],{"class":66},[53,43073,43074,43076,43078,43080,43082,43084],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,43075,32025],{"class":144},[53,43077,127],{"class":66},[53,43079,3330],{"class":1704},[53,43081,99],{"class":66},[53,43083,34342],{"class":24620},[53,43085,133],{"class":66},[53,43087,43088,43090,43092,43094,43096,43098],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,43089,32025],{"class":144},[53,43091,127],{"class":66},[53,43093,7979],{"class":1704},[53,43095,99],{"class":66},[53,43097,124],{"class":24620},[53,43099,133],{"class":66},[53,43101,43102,43104,43106,43108],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,43103,32025],{"class":144},[53,43105,127],{"class":66},[53,43107,42298],{"class":144},[53,43109,133],{"class":66},[53,43111,43112,43114,43116,43118,43121,43123],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,43113,32025],{"class":144},[53,43115,127],{"class":66},[53,43117,314],{"class":228},[53,43119,43120],{"class":232},"keywords",[53,43122,314],{"class":228},[53,43124,133],{"class":66},[53,43126,43127,43129,43131,43133],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,43128,34245],{"class":144},[53,43130,127],{"class":66},[53,43132,3330],{"class":1704},[53,43134,133],{"class":66},[20,43136,43137],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[194,43139,43140,43143,43146,43149,43152,43155],{},[197,43141,43142],{},"A built-in function",[197,43144,43145],{},"A string method",[197,43147,43148],{},"A list method",[197,43150,43151],{},"A built-in file function",[197,43153,43154],{},"A special help topic",[197,43156,15059,43157,43159],{},[15,43158,34184],{}," example for comparison",[39,43161,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,43163,43165],{"id":43164},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,43167,43168],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[1327,43170,43172],{"id":43171},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,43174,43175,43176,43178],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,43177,34901],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[44,43180,43182],{"className":46,"code":43181,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,43183,43184,43196,43209,43228,43232],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,43185,43186,43188,43190,43192,43194],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,43187,34725],{"class":1954},[53,43189,34729],{"class":34728},[53,43191,127],{"class":66},[53,43193,1710],{"class":37537},[53,43195,8228],{"class":66},[53,43197,43198,43202,43206],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,43199,43201],{"class":43200},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[53,43203,43205],{"class":43204},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[53,43207,43208],{"class":43200},"\"\"\"\n",[53,43210,43211,43213,43216,43219,43221,43223,43225],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,43212,34736],{"class":3764},[53,43214,43215],{"class":1954}," f",[53,43217,43218],{"class":232},"\"Hello, ",[53,43220,9166],{"class":70},[53,43222,1710],{"class":59},[53,43224,22172],{"class":70},[53,43226,43227],{"class":232},"!\"\n",[53,43229,43230],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,43231,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,43233,43234,43236,43238,43240],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,43235,32025],{"class":144},[53,43237,127],{"class":66},[53,43239,34771],{"class":102},[53,43241,133],{"class":66},[1327,43243,43245],{"id":43244},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,43247,43248,43250,43251,43253],{},[15,43249,42919],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,43252,42915],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[1327,43255,43257],{"id":43256},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,43259,43260],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[39,43262,1788],{"id":1787},[194,43264,43265,43270,43274,43279,43284],{},[197,43266,43267],{},[758,43268,43269],{"href":42477},"Python dir() function explained",[197,43271,43272],{},[758,43273,8328],{"href":2187},[197,43275,43276],{},[758,43277,43278],{"href":42229},"Python len() function explained",[197,43280,43281],{},[758,43282,43283],{"href":42524},"How import works in Python",[197,43285,43286],{},[758,43287,35031],{"href":42529},[20,43289,43290,43291,43293,43294,2076,43296,16942,43298,43300,43301,2765,43304,43307],{},"Try ",[15,43292,34901],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,43295,11050],{},[15,43297,145],{},[15,43299,42334],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,43302,43303],{},"dir(str)",[15,43305,43306],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[1817,43309,43310],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":43312},[43313,43314,43315,43316,43322,43323,43324,43325,43329,43337,43338,43344],{"id":41,"depth":88,"text":42},{"id":42194,"depth":88,"text":42195},{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372},{"id":42319,"depth":88,"text":42320,"children":43317},[43318,43319,43320,43321],{"id":42323,"depth":109,"text":42324},{"id":42376,"depth":109,"text":42377},{"id":34379,"depth":109,"text":42214},{"id":34532,"depth":109,"text":42217},{"id":34791,"depth":88,"text":34792},{"id":42596,"depth":88,"text":42597},{"id":42657,"depth":88,"text":42658},{"id":42799,"depth":88,"text":42800,"children":43326},[43327,43328],{"id":32025,"depth":109,"text":34901},{"id":34245,"depth":109,"text":34184},{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716,"children":43330},[43331,43333,43334,43335],{"id":42912,"depth":109,"text":43332},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":42968,"depth":109,"text":42969},{"id":42980,"depth":109,"text":42981},{"id":43024,"depth":109,"text":43336},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43041,"depth":88,"text":43042},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":43339},[43340,43341,43342,43343],{"id":43164,"depth":109,"text":43165},{"id":43171,"depth":109,"text":43172},{"id":43244,"depth":109,"text":43245},{"id":43256,"depth":109,"text":43257},{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42123,"description":43345},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43351,"title":43352,"body":43353,"description":44714,"extension":1853,"meta":44715,"navigation":112,"path":44716,"seo":44717,"stem":44718,"__hash__":44719},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43354,"toc":44687},[43355,43361,43366,43372,43382,43441,43451,43462,43467,43473,43475,43493,43501,43503,43505,43520,43523,43534,43536,43627,43630,43634,43639,43660,43662,43773,43775,43802,43813,43817,43820,43902,43904,43912,43918,43924,43928,43931,44041,44043,44056,44059,44073,44081,44088,44093,44107,44113,44226,44228,44289,44292,44298,44304,44307,44329,44332,44402,44405,44437,44444,44446,44449,44467,44470,44482,44488,44490,44495,44521,44524,44596,44598,44604,44607,44613,44616,44622,44632,44638,44641,44648,44651,44653,44684],[10,43356,3463,43358,3467],{"id":43357},"python-id-function-explained",[15,43359,43360],{},"id()",[20,43362,32190,43363,43365],{},[15,43364,43360],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,43367,43368,43369,43371],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,43370,43360],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,43373,174,43374,43376,43377,43379,43380,99],{},[15,43375,43360],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[34,43378,36],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,43381,4574],{},[44,43383,43385],{"className":46,"code":43384,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,43386,43387,43399,43413,43417,43427],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,43388,43389,43391,43393,43395,43397],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,43390,1672],{"class":59},[53,43392,31],{"class":63},[53,43394,240],{"class":228},[53,43396,7184],{"class":232},[53,43398,1682],{"class":228},[53,43400,43401,43403,43405,43407,43409,43411],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,43402,145],{"class":144},[53,43404,127],{"class":66},[53,43406,12537],{"class":144},[53,43408,127],{"class":66},[53,43410,1710],{"class":102},[53,43412,1713],{"class":66},[53,43414,43415],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,43416,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,43418,43419,43422,43424],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,43420,43421],{"class":59},"other ",[53,43423,31],{"class":63},[53,43425,43426],{"class":59}," name\n",[53,43428,43429,43431,43433,43435,43437,43439],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,43430,145],{"class":144},[53,43432,127],{"class":66},[53,43434,12537],{"class":144},[53,43436,127],{"class":66},[53,43438,30615],{"class":102},[53,43440,1713],{"class":66},[20,43442,43443,43444,43447,43448,43450],{},"In this example, ",[15,43445,43446],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,43449,43360],{}," values match.",[43452,43453,43454],"blockquote",{},[20,43455,174,43456,43458,43459,43461],{},[15,43457,43360],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,43460,4574],{}," for value comparison.",[39,43463,184,43465,187],{"id":43464},"what-id-does",[15,43466,43360],{},[20,43468,43469,43472],{},[15,43470,43471],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,43474,12936],{},[194,43476,43477,43480,43487,43490],{},[197,43478,43479],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[197,43481,43482,43483,43486],{},"It shows ",[34,43484,43485],{},"object identity",", not object value",[197,43488,43489],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[197,43491,43492],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,43494,43495,43496,43500],{},"This is closely related to how ",[758,43497,43499],{"href":43498},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[39,43502,372],{"id":371},[20,43504,5318],{},[44,43506,43508],{"className":46,"code":43507,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"id(object)\n",[15,43509,43510],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,43511,43512,43514,43516,43518],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,43513,12537],{"class":144},[53,43515,127],{"class":66},[53,43517,42270],{"class":1704},[53,43519,133],{"class":66},[20,43521,43522],{},"Important details:",[194,43524,43525,43528,43531],{},[197,43526,43527],{},"It takes one argument",[197,43529,43530],{},"It returns an integer",[197,43532,43533],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,43535,211],{},[44,43537,43539],{"className":46,"code":43538,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43540,43541,43553,43561,43581,43585,43599,43613],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,43542,43543,43545,43547,43549,43551],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,43544,34561],{"class":59},[53,43546,31],{"class":63},[53,43548,240],{"class":228},[53,43550,3732],{"class":232},[53,43552,1682],{"class":228},[53,43554,43555,43557,43559],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,43556,2104],{"class":59},[53,43558,31],{"class":63},[53,43560,2654],{"class":70},[53,43562,43563,43565,43567,43569,43571,43573,43575,43577,43579],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,43564,7667],{"class":59},[53,43566,31],{"class":63},[53,43568,67],{"class":66},[53,43570,71],{"class":70},[53,43572,74],{"class":66},[53,43574,77],{"class":70},[53,43576,74],{"class":66},[53,43578,82],{"class":70},[53,43580,85],{"class":66},[53,43582,43583],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,43584,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,43586,43587,43589,43591,43593,43595,43597],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,43588,145],{"class":144},[53,43590,127],{"class":66},[53,43592,12537],{"class":144},[53,43594,127],{"class":66},[53,43596,34582],{"class":102},[53,43598,1713],{"class":66},[53,43600,43601,43603,43605,43607,43609,43611],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,43602,145],{"class":144},[53,43604,127],{"class":66},[53,43606,12537],{"class":144},[53,43608,127],{"class":66},[53,43610,2127],{"class":102},[53,43612,1713],{"class":66},[53,43614,43615,43617,43619,43621,43623,43625],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,43616,145],{"class":144},[53,43618,127],{"class":66},[53,43620,12537],{"class":144},[53,43622,127],{"class":66},[53,43624,7696],{"class":102},[53,43626,1713],{"class":66},[20,43628,43629],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[39,43631,43633],{"id":43632},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,43635,43636,43637,99],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,43638,43360],{},[194,43640,43641,43648,43655],{},[197,43642,43643,43645,43646],{},[15,43644,4574],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[34,43647,2360],{},[197,43649,43650,43652,43653],{},[15,43651,12081],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[34,43654,42270],{},[197,43656,43657,43659],{},[15,43658,43360],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,43661,211],{},[44,43663,43665],{"className":46,"code":43664,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,43666,43667,43687,43707,43711,43728,43745,43759],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,43668,43669,43671,43673,43675,43677,43679,43681,43683,43685],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,43670,1345],{"class":59},[53,43672,31],{"class":63},[53,43674,67],{"class":66},[53,43676,71],{"class":70},[53,43678,74],{"class":66},[53,43680,77],{"class":70},[53,43682,74],{"class":66},[53,43684,82],{"class":70},[53,43686,85],{"class":66},[53,43688,43689,43691,43693,43695,43697,43699,43701,43703,43705],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,43690,1366],{"class":59},[53,43692,31],{"class":63},[53,43694,67],{"class":66},[53,43696,71],{"class":70},[53,43698,74],{"class":66},[53,43700,77],{"class":70},[53,43702,74],{"class":66},[53,43704,82],{"class":70},[53,43706,85],{"class":66},[53,43708,43709],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,43710,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,43712,43713,43715,43717,43719,43721,43723,43725],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,43714,145],{"class":144},[53,43716,127],{"class":66},[53,43718,1345],{"class":102},[53,43720,4574],{"class":63},[53,43722,2445],{"class":102},[53,43724,153],{"class":66},[53,43726,43727],{"class":156},"   # True\n",[53,43729,43730,43732,43734,43736,43738,43740,43742],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,43731,145],{"class":144},[53,43733,127],{"class":66},[53,43735,1345],{"class":102},[53,43737,12081],{"class":3764},[53,43739,2445],{"class":102},[53,43741,153],{"class":66},[53,43743,43744],{"class":156},"   # False\n",[53,43746,43747,43749,43751,43753,43755,43757],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,43748,145],{"class":144},[53,43750,127],{"class":66},[53,43752,12537],{"class":144},[53,43754,127],{"class":66},[53,43756,758],{"class":102},[53,43758,1713],{"class":66},[53,43760,43761,43763,43765,43767,43769,43771],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,43762,145],{"class":144},[53,43764,127],{"class":66},[53,43766,12537],{"class":144},[53,43768,127],{"class":66},[53,43770,1376],{"class":102},[53,43772,1713],{"class":66},[20,43774,2065],{},[194,43776,43777,43785,43793],{},[197,43778,43779,4669,43782,43784],{},[15,43780,43781],{},"a == b",[15,43783,3492],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[197,43786,43787,4669,43790,43792],{},[15,43788,43789],{},"a is b",[15,43791,3560],{}," because they are different list objects",[197,43794,43795,960,43798,43801],{},[15,43796,43797],{},"id(a)",[15,43799,43800],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,43803,43804,43805,960,43809,99],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[758,43806,43808],{"href":43807},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[758,43810,43812],{"href":43811},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[39,43814,43816],{"id":43815},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,43818,43819],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[44,43821,43823],{"className":46,"code":43822,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,43824,43825,43845,43854,43858,43872,43887],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,43826,43827,43829,43831,43833,43835,43837,43839,43841,43843],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,43828,60],{"class":59},[53,43830,31],{"class":63},[53,43832,67],{"class":66},[53,43834,1188],{"class":70},[53,43836,74],{"class":66},[53,43838,1193],{"class":70},[53,43840,74],{"class":66},[53,43842,1198],{"class":70},[53,43844,85],{"class":66},[53,43846,43847,43850,43852],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,43848,43849],{"class":59},"other_numbers ",[53,43851,31],{"class":63},[53,43853,528],{"class":59},[53,43855,43856],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,43857,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,43859,43860,43862,43864,43866,43868,43870],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,43861,145],{"class":144},[53,43863,127],{"class":66},[53,43865,12537],{"class":144},[53,43867,127],{"class":66},[53,43869,150],{"class":102},[53,43871,1713],{"class":66},[53,43873,43874,43876,43878,43880,43882,43885],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,43875,145],{"class":144},[53,43877,127],{"class":66},[53,43879,12537],{"class":144},[53,43881,127],{"class":66},[53,43883,43884],{"class":102},"other_numbers",[53,43886,1713],{"class":66},[53,43888,43889,43891,43893,43895,43897,43900],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,43890,145],{"class":144},[53,43892,127],{"class":66},[53,43894,60],{"class":102},[53,43896,12081],{"class":3764},[53,43898,43899],{"class":102}," other_numbers",[53,43901,133],{"class":66},[20,43903,5444],{},[44,43905,43906],{"className":46,"code":3868,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,43907,43908],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,43909,43910],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,43911,3868],{"class":3739},[20,43913,43914,43915,43917],{},"The two ",[15,43916,43360],{}," values will also match.",[20,43919,22058,43920,43923],{},[15,43921,43922],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[39,43925,43927],{"id":43926},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,43929,43930],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[44,43932,43934],{"className":46,"code":43933,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,43935,43936,43957,43978,43982,43997,44011,44026],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,43937,43938,43941,43943,43945,43947,43949,43951,43953,43955],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,43939,43940],{"class":59},"list_a ",[53,43942,31],{"class":63},[53,43944,67],{"class":66},[53,43946,71],{"class":70},[53,43948,74],{"class":66},[53,43950,77],{"class":70},[53,43952,74],{"class":66},[53,43954,82],{"class":70},[53,43956,85],{"class":66},[53,43958,43959,43962,43964,43966,43968,43970,43972,43974,43976],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,43960,43961],{"class":59},"list_b ",[53,43963,31],{"class":63},[53,43965,67],{"class":66},[53,43967,71],{"class":70},[53,43969,74],{"class":66},[53,43971,77],{"class":70},[53,43973,74],{"class":66},[53,43975,82],{"class":70},[53,43977,85],{"class":66},[53,43979,43980],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,43981,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,43983,43984,43986,43988,43990,43992,43995],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,43985,145],{"class":144},[53,43987,127],{"class":66},[53,43989,43940],{"class":102},[53,43991,4574],{"class":63},[53,43993,43994],{"class":102}," list_b",[53,43996,133],{"class":66},[53,43998,43999,44001,44003,44005,44007,44009],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,44000,145],{"class":144},[53,44002,127],{"class":66},[53,44004,43940],{"class":102},[53,44006,12081],{"class":3764},[53,44008,43994],{"class":102},[53,44010,133],{"class":66},[53,44012,44013,44015,44017,44019,44021,44024],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,44014,145],{"class":144},[53,44016,127],{"class":66},[53,44018,12537],{"class":144},[53,44020,127],{"class":66},[53,44022,44023],{"class":102},"list_a",[53,44025,1713],{"class":66},[53,44027,44028,44030,44032,44034,44036,44039],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,44029,145],{"class":144},[53,44031,127],{"class":66},[53,44033,12537],{"class":144},[53,44035,127],{"class":66},[53,44037,44038],{"class":102},"list_b",[53,44040,1713],{"class":66},[20,44042,5444],{},[44,44044,44046],{"className":46,"code":44045,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"True\nFalse\n",[15,44047,44048,44052],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,44049,44050],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,44051,3868],{"class":3739},[53,44053,44054],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,44055,3929],{"class":3739},[20,44057,44058],{},"What this means:",[194,44060,44061,44064,44067],{},[197,44062,44063],{},"The lists are equal in value",[197,44065,44066],{},"They are not the same object",[197,44068,44069,44070,44072],{},"Their ",[15,44071,43360],{}," values are usually different",[20,44074,44075,44076,44078,44079,99],{},"This is why ",[15,44077,43360],{}," should not replace ",[15,44080,4574],{},[39,44082,44084,44085,44087],{"id":44083},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,44086,43360],{}," is useful",[20,44089,44090,44092],{},[15,44091,43360],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[194,44094,44095,44098,44101,44104],{},[197,44096,44097],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[197,44099,44100],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[197,44102,44103],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[197,44105,44106],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,44108,44109,44110,44112],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,44111,43360],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[44,44114,44116],{"className":46,"code":44115,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,44117,44118,44142,44151,44155,44174,44178,44188,44198,44212],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,44119,44120,44122,44124,44126,44128,44130,44132,44134,44136,44138,44140],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,44121,796],{"class":59},[53,44123,31],{"class":63},[53,44125,67],{"class":66},[53,44127,229],{"class":228},[53,44129,758],{"class":232},[53,44131,229],{"class":228},[53,44133,74],{"class":66},[53,44135,240],{"class":228},[53,44137,1376],{"class":232},[53,44139,229],{"class":228},[53,44141,85],{"class":66},[53,44143,44144,44147,44149],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,44145,44146],{"class":59},"copy_ref ",[53,44148,31],{"class":63},[53,44150,12013],{"class":59},[53,44152,44153],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,44154,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,44156,44157,44160,44162,44164,44166,44168,44170,44172],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,44158,44159],{"class":59},"copy_ref",[53,44161,99],{"class":66},[53,44163,124],{"class":102},[53,44165,127],{"class":66},[53,44167,229],{"class":228},[53,44169,9628],{"class":232},[53,44171,229],{"class":228},[53,44173,133],{"class":66},[53,44175,44176],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,44177,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,44179,44180,44182,44184,44186],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,44181,145],{"class":144},[53,44183,127],{"class":66},[53,44185,877],{"class":102},[53,44187,133],{"class":66},[53,44189,44190,44192,44194,44196],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,44191,145],{"class":144},[53,44193,127],{"class":66},[53,44195,44159],{"class":102},[53,44197,133],{"class":66},[53,44199,44200,44202,44204,44206,44208,44210],{"class":55,"line":6312},[53,44201,145],{"class":144},[53,44203,127],{"class":66},[53,44205,12537],{"class":144},[53,44207,127],{"class":66},[53,44209,877],{"class":102},[53,44211,1713],{"class":66},[53,44213,44214,44216,44218,44220,44222,44224],{"class":55,"line":6318},[53,44215,145],{"class":144},[53,44217,127],{"class":66},[53,44219,12537],{"class":144},[53,44221,127],{"class":66},[53,44223,44159],{"class":102},[53,44225,1713],{"class":66},[20,44227,5444],{},[44,44229,44231],{"className":46,"code":44230,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,44232,44233,44261],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,44234,44235,44237,44239,44241,44243,44245,44247,44249,44251,44253,44255,44257,44259],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,44236,311],{"class":66},[53,44238,314],{"class":228},[53,44240,758],{"class":232},[53,44242,314],{"class":228},[53,44244,74],{"class":66},[53,44246,323],{"class":228},[53,44248,1376],{"class":232},[53,44250,314],{"class":228},[53,44252,74],{"class":66},[53,44254,323],{"class":228},[53,44256,9628],{"class":232},[53,44258,314],{"class":228},[53,44260,85],{"class":66},[53,44262,44263,44265,44267,44269,44271,44273,44275,44277,44279,44281,44283,44285,44287],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,44264,311],{"class":66},[53,44266,314],{"class":228},[53,44268,758],{"class":232},[53,44270,314],{"class":228},[53,44272,74],{"class":66},[53,44274,323],{"class":228},[53,44276,1376],{"class":232},[53,44278,314],{"class":228},[53,44280,74],{"class":66},[53,44282,323],{"class":228},[53,44284,9628],{"class":232},[53,44286,314],{"class":228},[53,44288,85],{"class":66},[20,44290,44291],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[39,44293,44295,44296],{"id":44294},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,44297,43360],{},[20,44299,44300,44301,44303],{},"Do not use ",[15,44302,43360],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,44305,44306],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[194,44308,44309,44315,44321,44324],{},[197,44310,44311,44312,44314],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,44313,4574],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[197,44316,44317,44318,44320],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,44319,43360],{}," values across program runs",[197,44322,44323],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[197,44325,44326,44327],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,44328,43360],{},[20,44330,44331],{},"Bad example:",[44,44333,44335],{"className":46,"code":44334,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44336,44337,44349,44361,44365,44387],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,44338,44339,44341,44343,44345,44347],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,44340,1345],{"class":59},[53,44342,31],{"class":63},[53,44344,240],{"class":228},[53,44346,36921],{"class":232},[53,44348,1682],{"class":228},[53,44350,44351,44353,44355,44357,44359],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,44352,1366],{"class":59},[53,44354,31],{"class":63},[53,44356,240],{"class":228},[53,44358,36921],{"class":232},[53,44360,1682],{"class":228},[53,44362,44363],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,44364,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,44366,44367,44369,44371,44373,44375,44377,44379,44381,44383,44385],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,44368,6884],{"class":3764},[53,44370,14689],{"class":144},[53,44372,127],{"class":66},[53,44374,758],{"class":102},[53,44376,153],{"class":66},[53,44378,6295],{"class":63},[53,44380,14689],{"class":144},[53,44382,127],{"class":66},[53,44384,1376],{"class":102},[53,44386,8228],{"class":66},[53,44388,44389,44391,44393,44395,44398,44400],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,44390,7954],{"class":144},[53,44392,127],{"class":66},[53,44394,229],{"class":228},[53,44396,44397],{"class":232},"The values are equal",[53,44399,229],{"class":228},[53,44401,133],{"class":66},[20,44403,44404],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[44,44406,44408],{"className":46,"code":44407,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44409,44410,44423],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,44411,44412,44414,44417,44419,44421],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,44413,6884],{"class":3764},[53,44415,44416],{"class":59}," a ",[53,44418,4574],{"class":63},[53,44420,2445],{"class":59},[53,44422,6280],{"class":66},[53,44424,44425,44427,44429,44431,44433,44435],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,44426,7954],{"class":144},[53,44428,127],{"class":66},[53,44430,229],{"class":228},[53,44432,44397],{"class":232},[53,44434,229],{"class":228},[53,44436,133],{"class":66},[20,44438,174,44439,2765,44441,44443],{},[15,44440,12081],{},[15,44442,43360],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[39,44445,20669],{"id":20668},[20,44447,44448],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[194,44450,44451,44454,44457,44462],{},[197,44452,44453],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[197,44455,44456],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[197,44458,44459,44460],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,44461,43360],{},[197,44463,44464,44465],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,44466,43360],{},[20,44468,44469],{},"The important rule is:",[194,44471,44472,44477],{},[197,44473,174,44474,44476],{},[15,44475,4574],{}," to check value",[197,44478,174,44479,44481],{},[15,44480,12081],{}," to check identity",[20,44483,44484,44485,44487],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,44486,43360],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[39,44489,2716],{"id":2715},[20,44491,44492,44493,192],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,44494,43360],{},[194,44496,44497,44505,44508,44511,44516],{},[197,44498,485,44499,44501,44502,44504],{},[15,44500,43360],{}," when ",[15,44503,4574],{}," should be used",[197,44506,44507],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[197,44509,44510],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[197,44512,44513,44514],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44515,43360],{},[197,44517,485,44518,44520],{},[15,44519,43360],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,44522,44523],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[44,44525,44527],{"className":46,"code":44526,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44528,44529,44544,44558,44572,44586],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,44530,44531,44533,44535,44537,44539,44542],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,44532,145],{"class":144},[53,44534,127],{"class":66},[53,44536,12537],{"class":144},[53,44538,127],{"class":66},[53,44540,44541],{"class":102},"my_object",[53,44543,1713],{"class":66},[53,44545,44546,44548,44550,44552,44554,44556],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,44547,145],{"class":144},[53,44549,127],{"class":66},[53,44551,1345],{"class":102},[53,44553,4574],{"class":63},[53,44555,2445],{"class":102},[53,44557,133],{"class":66},[53,44559,44560,44562,44564,44566,44568,44570],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,44561,145],{"class":144},[53,44563,127],{"class":66},[53,44565,1345],{"class":102},[53,44567,12081],{"class":3764},[53,44569,2445],{"class":102},[53,44571,133],{"class":66},[53,44573,44574,44576,44578,44580,44582,44584],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,44575,145],{"class":144},[53,44577,127],{"class":66},[53,44579,1705],{"class":1704},[53,44581,127],{"class":66},[53,44583,44541],{"class":102},[53,44585,1713],{"class":66},[53,44587,44588,44590,44592,44594],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,44589,32025],{"class":144},[53,44591,127],{"class":66},[53,44593,12537],{"class":144},[53,44595,133],{"class":66},[39,44597,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,44599,44601,44602,12603],{"id":44600},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,44603,43360],{},[20,44605,44606],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[1327,44608,1756,44610,44612],{"id":44609},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,44611,43360],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,44614,44615],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[1327,44617,21289,44619,44621],{"id":44618},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,44620,43360],{}," to compare two values?",[20,44623,30142,44624,44626,44627,2765,44629,44631],{},[15,44625,4574],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,44628,43360],{},[15,44630,12081],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[1327,44633,44635,44636,1744],{"id":44634},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,44637,43360],{},[20,44639,44640],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[1327,44642,44644,44645,44647],{"id":44643},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,44646,43360],{}," values?",[20,44649,44650],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[39,44652,1788],{"id":1787},[194,44654,44655,44660,44665,44670,44678],{},[197,44656,44657],{},[758,44658,44659],{"href":43498},"Python variables explained for beginners",[197,44661,44662],{},[758,44663,44664],{"href":43807},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[197,44666,44667],{},[758,44668,44669],{"href":43811},"Python data types overview",[197,44671,44672],{},[758,44673,3463,44675,3396],{"href":44674},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,44676,44677],{},"isinstance()",[197,44679,44680],{},[758,44681,44683],{"href":44682},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[1817,44685,44686],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":44688},[44689,44691,44692,44693,44694,44695,44697,44699,44700,44701,44713],{"id":43464,"depth":88,"text":44690},"What id() does",{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372},{"id":43632,"depth":88,"text":43633},{"id":43815,"depth":88,"text":43816},{"id":43926,"depth":88,"text":43927},{"id":44083,"depth":88,"text":44696},"When id() is useful",{"id":44294,"depth":88,"text":44698},"When not to use id()",{"id":20668,"depth":88,"text":20669},{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":44702},[44703,44705,44707,44709,44711],{"id":44600,"depth":109,"text":44704},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44609,"depth":109,"text":44706},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44618,"depth":109,"text":44708},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44634,"depth":109,"text":44710},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44643,"depth":109,"text":44712},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43352,"description":44714},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44721,"title":42065,"body":44722,"description":46362,"extension":1853,"meta":46363,"navigation":112,"path":46364,"seo":46365,"stem":46366,"__hash__":46367},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44723,"toc":46328},[44724,44729,44734,44737,44739,44782,44787,44790,44795,44800,44803,44819,44821,44865,44867,44894,44896,44911,44913,44915,44917,44933,44935,44947,44950,44984,44987,45012,45017,45019,45024,45028,45031,45033,45081,45083,45116,45122,45133,45135,45187,45189,45220,45222,45226,45230,45273,45279,45285,45337,45345,45350,45354,45445,45447,45480,45483,45485,45545,45547,45573,45583,45585,45589,45594,45599,45601,45638,45640,45659,45662,45666,45669,45725,45737,45746,45748,45775,45783,45790,45794,45797,45834,45837,45843,45880,45882,45886,45892,45910,45915,45963,45967,46056,46059,46066,46068,46070,46075,46093,46095,46138,46144,46161,46163,46225,46227,46229,46235,46243,46249,46255,46264,46274,46278,46286,46288,46290,46325],[10,44725,3463,44727,3467],{"id":44726},"python-input-function-explained",[15,44728,2845],{},[20,44730,1870,44731,44733],{},[15,44732,2845],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,44735,44736],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[39,44738,42],{"id":41},[44,44740,44742],{"className":46,"code":44741,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,44743,44744,44763],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,44745,44746,44748,44750,44752,44754,44756,44759,44761],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,44747,1672],{"class":59},[53,44749,31],{"class":63},[53,44751,8128],{"class":144},[53,44753,127],{"class":66},[53,44755,229],{"class":228},[53,44757,44758],{"class":232},"Enter your name: ",[53,44760,229],{"class":228},[53,44762,133],{"class":66},[53,44764,44765,44767,44769,44771,44774,44776,44778,44780],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,44766,145],{"class":144},[53,44768,127],{"class":66},[53,44770,229],{"class":228},[53,44772,44773],{"class":232},"Hello, ",[53,44775,229],{"class":228},[53,44777,2342],{"class":63},[53,44779,35867],{"class":102},[53,44781,133],{"class":66},[20,44783,174,44784,44786],{},[15,44785,2845],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[44788,44789],"hr",{},[39,44791,184,44793,187],{"id":44792},"what-input-does",[15,44794,2845],{},[20,44796,44797,44799],{},[15,44798,2845],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,44801,44802],{},"Here is what happens:",[194,44804,44805,44810,44813,44816],{},[197,44806,44807,44809],{},[15,44808,2845],{}," waits for the user to type",[197,44811,44812],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[197,44814,44815],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[197,44817,44818],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,44820,211],{},[44,44822,44824],{"className":46,"code":44823,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,44825,44826,44846],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,44827,44828,44831,44833,44835,44837,44839,44842,44844],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,44829,44830],{"class":59},"color ",[53,44832,31],{"class":63},[53,44834,8128],{"class":144},[53,44836,127],{"class":66},[53,44838,229],{"class":228},[53,44840,44841],{"class":232},"What is your favorite color? ",[53,44843,229],{"class":228},[53,44845,133],{"class":66},[53,44847,44848,44850,44852,44854,44857,44859,44861,44863],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,44849,145],{"class":144},[53,44851,127],{"class":66},[53,44853,229],{"class":228},[53,44855,44856],{"class":232},"Your favorite color is",[53,44858,229],{"class":228},[53,44860,74],{"class":66},[53,44862,35726],{"class":102},[53,44864,133],{"class":66},[20,44866,29901],{},[44,44868,44870],{"className":46,"code":44869,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,44871,44872,44885],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,44873,44874,44876,44878,44881,44883],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,44875,184],{"class":59},[53,44877,12081],{"class":63},[53,44879,44880],{"class":59}," your favorite color",[53,44882,1744],{"class":37241},[53,44884,35756],{"class":59},[53,44886,44887,44890,44892],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,44888,44889],{"class":59},"Your favorite color ",[53,44891,12081],{"class":63},[53,44893,35756],{"class":59},[20,44895,19825],{},[194,44897,44898,44903,44908],{},[197,44899,44900,44901],{},"The prompt is ",[15,44902,44841],{},[197,44904,44905,44906],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,44907,32764],{},[197,44909,44910],{},"That value is then printed",[44788,44912],{},[39,44914,372],{"id":371},[20,44916,7105],{},[44,44918,44920],{"className":46,"code":44919,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"input(prompt)\n",[15,44921,44922],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,44923,44924,44926,44928,44931],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,44925,42334],{"class":144},[53,44927,127],{"class":66},[53,44929,44930],{"class":102},"prompt",[53,44932,133],{"class":66},[20,44934,11347],{},[194,44936,44937,44941,44944],{},[197,44938,1870,44939,19907],{},[15,44940,44930],{},[197,44942,44943],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[197,44945,44946],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,44948,44949],{},"Example with a prompt:",[44,44951,44953],{"className":46,"code":44952,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,44954,44955,44974],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,44956,44957,44959,44961,44963,44965,44967,44970,44972],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,44958,7846],{"class":59},[53,44960,31],{"class":63},[53,44962,8128],{"class":144},[53,44964,127],{"class":66},[53,44966,229],{"class":228},[53,44968,44969],{"class":232},"Enter your username: ",[53,44971,229],{"class":228},[53,44973,133],{"class":66},[53,44975,44976,44978,44980,44982],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,44977,145],{"class":144},[53,44979,127],{"class":66},[53,44981,7870],{"class":102},[53,44983,133],{"class":66},[20,44985,44986],{},"Example without a prompt:",[44,44988,44990],{"className":46,"code":44989,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,44991,44992,45002],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,44993,44994,44996,44998,45000],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,44995,2335],{"class":59},[53,44997,31],{"class":63},[53,44999,8128],{"class":144},[53,45001,106],{"class":66},[53,45003,45004,45006,45008,45010],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,45005,145],{"class":144},[53,45007,127],{"class":66},[53,45009,2360],{"class":102},[53,45011,133],{"class":66},[20,45013,7650,45014,45016],{},[15,45015,2845],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[44788,45018],{},[39,45020,184,45022,11595],{"id":45021},"what-input-returns",[15,45023,2845],{},[20,45025,45026,8111],{},[15,45027,2845],{},[20,45029,45030],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,45032,211],{},[44,45034,45036],{"className":46,"code":45035,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45037,45038,45057,45067],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45039,45040,45042,45044,45046,45048,45050,45053,45055],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45041,21497],{"class":59},[53,45043,31],{"class":63},[53,45045,8128],{"class":144},[53,45047,127],{"class":66},[53,45049,229],{"class":228},[53,45051,45052],{"class":232},"Enter your age: ",[53,45054,229],{"class":228},[53,45056,133],{"class":66},[53,45058,45059,45061,45063,45065],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,45060,145],{"class":144},[53,45062,127],{"class":66},[53,45064,9187],{"class":102},[53,45066,133],{"class":66},[53,45068,45069,45071,45073,45075,45077,45079],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,45070,145],{"class":144},[53,45072,127],{"class":66},[53,45074,1705],{"class":1704},[53,45076,127],{"class":66},[53,45078,9187],{"class":102},[53,45080,1713],{"class":66},[20,45082,29901],{},[44,45084,45086],{"className":46,"code":45085,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45087,45088,45098,45102],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45089,45090,45093,45095],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45091,45092],{"class":59},"Enter your age",[53,45094,192],{"class":66},[53,45096,45097],{"class":70}," 25\n",[53,45099,45100],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,45101,2594],{"class":70},[53,45103,45104,45106,45108,45110,45112,45114],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,45105,3178],{"class":63},[53,45107,3181],{"class":1954},[53,45109,323],{"class":228},[53,45111,3330],{"class":232},[53,45113,314],{"class":228},[53,45115,3190],{"class":63},[20,45117,45118,45119,45121],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,45120,9081],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,45123,45124,45125,2765,45129,99],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[758,45126,45127],{"href":2761},[15,45128,2764],{},[758,45130,45131],{"href":2768},[15,45132,2771],{},[20,45134,211],{},[44,45136,45138],{"className":46,"code":45137,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45139,45140,45163,45173],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45141,45142,45144,45146,45149,45151,45153,45155,45157,45159,45161],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45143,21497],{"class":59},[53,45145,31],{"class":63},[53,45147,45148],{"class":1704}," int",[53,45150,127],{"class":66},[53,45152,42334],{"class":144},[53,45154,127],{"class":66},[53,45156,229],{"class":228},[53,45158,45052],{"class":232},[53,45160,229],{"class":228},[53,45162,1713],{"class":66},[53,45164,45165,45167,45169,45171],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,45166,145],{"class":144},[53,45168,127],{"class":66},[53,45170,9187],{"class":102},[53,45172,133],{"class":66},[53,45174,45175,45177,45179,45181,45183,45185],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,45176,145],{"class":144},[53,45178,127],{"class":66},[53,45180,1705],{"class":1704},[53,45182,127],{"class":66},[53,45184,9187],{"class":102},[53,45186,1713],{"class":66},[20,45188,29901],{},[44,45190,45192],{"className":46,"code":45191,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,45193,45194,45202,45206],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45195,45196,45198,45200],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45197,45092],{"class":59},[53,45199,192],{"class":66},[53,45201,45097],{"class":70},[53,45203,45204],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,45205,2594],{"class":70},[53,45207,45208,45210,45212,45214,45216,45218],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,45209,3178],{"class":63},[53,45211,3181],{"class":1954},[53,45213,323],{"class":228},[53,45215,2075],{"class":232},[53,45217,314],{"class":228},[53,45219,3190],{"class":63},[44788,45221],{},[39,45223,45225],{"id":45224},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[1327,45227,45229],{"id":45228},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[44,45231,45233],{"className":46,"code":45232,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,45234,45235,45254],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45236,45237,45239,45241,45243,45245,45247,45250,45252],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45238,1672],{"class":59},[53,45240,31],{"class":63},[53,45242,8128],{"class":144},[53,45244,127],{"class":66},[53,45246,229],{"class":228},[53,45248,45249],{"class":232},"What is your name? ",[53,45251,229],{"class":228},[53,45253,133],{"class":66},[53,45255,45256,45258,45260,45262,45265,45267,45269,45271],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,45257,145],{"class":144},[53,45259,127],{"class":66},[53,45261,229],{"class":228},[53,45263,45264],{"class":232},"Hello,",[53,45266,229],{"class":228},[53,45268,74],{"class":66},[53,45270,35867],{"class":102},[53,45272,133],{"class":66},[20,45274,45275,45276,45278],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,45277,1710],{}," and prints it.",[1327,45280,45282,45283],{"id":45281},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,45284,2764],{},[44,45286,45288],{"className":46,"code":45287,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,45289,45290,45313],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45291,45292,45294,45296,45298,45300,45302,45304,45306,45309,45311],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45293,21497],{"class":59},[53,45295,31],{"class":63},[53,45297,45148],{"class":1704},[53,45299,127],{"class":66},[53,45301,42334],{"class":144},[53,45303,127],{"class":66},[53,45305,229],{"class":228},[53,45307,45308],{"class":232},"How old are you? ",[53,45310,229],{"class":228},[53,45312,1713],{"class":66},[53,45314,45315,45317,45319,45321,45324,45326,45328,45331,45333,45335],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,45316,145],{"class":144},[53,45318,127],{"class":66},[53,45320,229],{"class":228},[53,45322,45323],{"class":232},"Next year you will be",[53,45325,229],{"class":228},[53,45327,74],{"class":66},[53,45329,45330],{"class":102}," age ",[53,45332,1949],{"class":63},[53,45334,5382],{"class":70},[53,45336,133],{"class":66},[20,45338,5946,45339,45341,45342,45344],{},[15,45340,2764],{}," converts the text from ",[15,45343,2845],{}," into a whole number.",[20,45346,45347,45348,99],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[758,45349,8868],{"href":8867},[1327,45351,45353],{"id":45352},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[44,45355,45357],{"className":46,"code":45356,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,45358,45359,45383,45407,45421,45425],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45360,45361,45364,45366,45368,45370,45372,45374,45376,45379,45381],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45362,45363],{"class":59},"num1 ",[53,45365,31],{"class":63},[53,45367,45148],{"class":1704},[53,45369,127],{"class":66},[53,45371,42334],{"class":144},[53,45373,127],{"class":66},[53,45375,229],{"class":228},[53,45377,45378],{"class":232},"Enter the first number: ",[53,45380,229],{"class":228},[53,45382,1713],{"class":66},[53,45384,45385,45388,45390,45392,45394,45396,45398,45400,45403,45405],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,45386,45387],{"class":59},"num2 ",[53,45389,31],{"class":63},[53,45391,45148],{"class":1704},[53,45393,127],{"class":66},[53,45395,42334],{"class":144},[53,45397,127],{"class":66},[53,45399,229],{"class":228},[53,45401,45402],{"class":232},"Enter the second number: ",[53,45404,229],{"class":228},[53,45406,1713],{"class":66},[53,45408,45409,45411,45413,45416,45418],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,45410,41054],{"class":59},[53,45412,31],{"class":63},[53,45414,45415],{"class":59}," num1 ",[53,45417,1949],{"class":63},[53,45419,45420],{"class":59}," num2\n",[53,45422,45423],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,45424,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,45426,45427,45429,45431,45433,45436,45438,45440,45443],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,45428,145],{"class":144},[53,45430,127],{"class":66},[53,45432,229],{"class":228},[53,45434,45435],{"class":232},"Total:",[53,45437,229],{"class":228},[53,45439,74],{"class":66},[53,45441,45442],{"class":102}," total",[53,45444,133],{"class":66},[20,45446,29901],{},[44,45448,45450],{"className":46,"code":45449,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,45451,45452,45462,45471],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45453,45454,45457,45459],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45455,45456],{"class":59},"Enter the first number",[53,45458,192],{"class":66},[53,45460,45461],{"class":70}," 2\n",[53,45463,45464,45467,45469],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,45465,45466],{"class":59},"Enter the second number",[53,45468,192],{"class":66},[53,45470,2463],{"class":70},[53,45472,45473,45476,45478],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,45474,45475],{"class":59},"Total",[53,45477,192],{"class":66},[53,45479,34716],{"class":70},[20,45481,45482],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,45484,211],{},[44,45486,45488],{"className":46,"code":45487,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,45489,45490,45508,45526,45530],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45491,45492,45494,45496,45498,45500,45502,45504,45506],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45493,45363],{"class":59},[53,45495,31],{"class":63},[53,45497,8128],{"class":144},[53,45499,127],{"class":66},[53,45501,229],{"class":228},[53,45503,45378],{"class":232},[53,45505,229],{"class":228},[53,45507,133],{"class":66},[53,45509,45510,45512,45514,45516,45518,45520,45522,45524],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,45511,45387],{"class":59},[53,45513,31],{"class":63},[53,45515,8128],{"class":144},[53,45517,127],{"class":66},[53,45519,229],{"class":228},[53,45521,45402],{"class":232},[53,45523,229],{"class":228},[53,45525,133],{"class":66},[53,45527,45528],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,45529,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,45531,45532,45534,45536,45538,45540,45543],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,45533,145],{"class":144},[53,45535,127],{"class":66},[53,45537,45363],{"class":102},[53,45539,1949],{"class":63},[53,45541,45542],{"class":102}," num2",[53,45544,133],{"class":66},[20,45546,29901],{},[44,45548,45550],{"className":46,"code":45549,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,45551,45552,45560,45568],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45553,45554,45556,45558],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45555,45456],{"class":59},[53,45557,192],{"class":66},[53,45559,45461],{"class":70},[53,45561,45562,45564,45566],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,45563,45466],{"class":59},[53,45565,192],{"class":66},[53,45567,2463],{"class":70},[53,45569,45570],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,45571,45572],{"class":70},"23\n",[20,45574,45575,45576,45579,45580,99],{},"That happens because ",[15,45577,45578],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,45581,45582],{},"\"23\"",[44788,45584],{},[39,45586,45588],{"id":45587},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,45590,45591,45592,99],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,45593,2845],{},[1327,45595,4590,45597,41414],{"id":45596},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,45598,2845],{},[20,45600,1335],{},[44,45602,45604],{"className":46,"code":45603,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,45605,45606,45624],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45607,45608,45610,45612,45614,45616,45618,45620,45622],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45609,2335],{"class":59},[53,45611,31],{"class":63},[53,45613,8128],{"class":144},[53,45615,127],{"class":66},[53,45617,229],{"class":228},[53,45619,41743],{"class":232},[53,45621,229],{"class":228},[53,45623,133],{"class":66},[53,45625,45626,45628,45630,45632,45634,45636],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,45627,145],{"class":144},[53,45629,127],{"class":66},[53,45631,1705],{"class":1704},[53,45633,127],{"class":66},[53,45635,2360],{"class":102},[53,45637,1713],{"class":66},[20,45639,301],{},[44,45641,45643],{"className":46,"code":45642,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45644,45645],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45646,45647,45649,45651,45653,45655,45657],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45648,3178],{"class":63},[53,45650,3181],{"class":1954},[53,45652,323],{"class":228},[53,45654,3330],{"class":232},[53,45656,314],{"class":228},[53,45658,3190],{"class":63},[20,45660,45661],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[1327,45663,45665],{"id":45664},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,45667,45668],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[44,45670,45672],{"className":46,"code":45671,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,45673,45674,45692,45711],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45675,45676,45678,45680,45682,45684,45686,45688,45690],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45677,1345],{"class":59},[53,45679,31],{"class":63},[53,45681,8128],{"class":144},[53,45683,127],{"class":66},[53,45685,229],{"class":228},[53,45687,41743],{"class":232},[53,45689,229],{"class":228},[53,45691,133],{"class":66},[53,45693,45694,45696,45698,45700,45702,45704,45707,45709],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,45695,1366],{"class":59},[53,45697,31],{"class":63},[53,45699,8128],{"class":144},[53,45701,127],{"class":66},[53,45703,229],{"class":228},[53,45705,45706],{"class":232},"Enter another number: ",[53,45708,229],{"class":228},[53,45710,133],{"class":66},[53,45712,45713,45715,45717,45719,45721,45723],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,45714,145],{"class":144},[53,45716,127],{"class":66},[53,45718,1345],{"class":102},[53,45720,1949],{"class":63},[53,45722,2445],{"class":102},[53,45724,133],{"class":66},[20,45726,40992,45727,960,45729,45731,45732,18831,45735,99],{},[15,45728,130],{},[15,45730,2024],{},", the result is ",[15,45733,45734],{},"45",[15,45736,2032],{},[1327,45738,45740,45741,45743,45744],{"id":45739},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,45742,40576],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,45745,2764],{},[20,45747,211],{},[44,45749,45751],{"className":46,"code":45750,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,45752,45753],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45754,45755,45757,45759,45761,45763,45765,45767,45769,45771,45773],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45756,21497],{"class":59},[53,45758,31],{"class":63},[53,45760,45148],{"class":1704},[53,45762,127],{"class":66},[53,45764,42334],{"class":144},[53,45766,127],{"class":66},[53,45768,229],{"class":228},[53,45770,45052],{"class":232},[53,45772,229],{"class":228},[53,45774,1713],{"class":66},[20,45776,8157,45777,45780,45781,99],{},[15,45778,45779],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,45782,40576],{},[20,45784,45785,45786,99],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[758,45787,45789],{"href":45788},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[1327,45791,45793],{"id":45792},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,45795,45796],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[44,45798,45800],{"className":46,"code":45799,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,45801,45802,45820],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45803,45804,45806,45808,45810,45812,45814,45816,45818],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45805,1672],{"class":59},[53,45807,31],{"class":63},[53,45809,8128],{"class":144},[53,45811,127],{"class":66},[53,45813,229],{"class":228},[53,45815,44758],{"class":232},[53,45817,229],{"class":228},[53,45819,133],{"class":66},[53,45821,45822,45824,45826,45828,45830,45832],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,45823,145],{"class":144},[53,45825,127],{"class":66},[53,45827,41651],{"class":144},[53,45829,127],{"class":66},[53,45831,1710],{"class":102},[53,45833,1713],{"class":66},[20,45835,45836],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,45838,45839,45840,192],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,45841,45842],{},".strip()",[44,45844,45846],{"className":46,"code":45845,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,45847,45848,45870],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45849,45850,45852,45854,45856,45858,45860,45862,45864,45866,45868],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45851,1672],{"class":59},[53,45853,31],{"class":63},[53,45855,8128],{"class":144},[53,45857,127],{"class":66},[53,45859,229],{"class":228},[53,45861,44758],{"class":232},[53,45863,229],{"class":228},[53,45865,8518],{"class":66},[53,45867,8521],{"class":102},[53,45869,106],{"class":66},[53,45871,45872,45874,45876,45878],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,45873,145],{"class":144},[53,45875,127],{"class":66},[53,45877,1710],{"class":102},[53,45879,133],{"class":66},[44788,45881],{},[39,45883,45885],{"id":45884},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,45887,45888,45889,45891],{},"These habits make ",[15,45890,2845],{}," easier and safer to use.",[194,45893,45894,45897,45902,45905],{},[197,45895,45896],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[197,45898,174,45899,45901],{},[15,45900,45842],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[197,45903,45904],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[197,45906,174,45907,45909],{},[15,45908,29653],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,45911,45912,45913,192],{},"Example with ",[15,45914,45842],{},[44,45916,45918],{"className":46,"code":45917,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,45919,45920,45944],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45921,45922,45925,45927,45929,45931,45933,45936,45938,45940,45942],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45923,45924],{"class":59},"city ",[53,45926,31],{"class":63},[53,45928,8128],{"class":144},[53,45930,127],{"class":66},[53,45932,229],{"class":228},[53,45934,45935],{"class":232},"Enter your city: ",[53,45937,229],{"class":228},[53,45939,8518],{"class":66},[53,45941,8521],{"class":102},[53,45943,106],{"class":66},[53,45945,45946,45948,45950,45952,45955,45957,45959,45961],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,45947,145],{"class":144},[53,45949,127],{"class":66},[53,45951,229],{"class":228},[53,45953,45954],{"class":232},"City:",[53,45956,229],{"class":228},[53,45958,74],{"class":66},[53,45960,31257],{"class":102},[53,45962,133],{"class":66},[20,45964,45912,45965,192],{},[15,45966,29653],{},[44,45968,45970],{"className":46,"code":45969,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,45971,45972,45978,46001,46033,46041],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45973,45974,45976],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45975,29675],{"class":3764},[53,45977,6280],{"class":66},[53,45979,45980,45983,45985,45987,45989,45991,45993,45995,45997,45999],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,45981,45982],{"class":59},"    age ",[53,45984,31],{"class":63},[53,45986,45148],{"class":1704},[53,45988,127],{"class":66},[53,45990,42334],{"class":144},[53,45992,127],{"class":66},[53,45994,229],{"class":228},[53,45996,45052],{"class":232},[53,45998,229],{"class":228},[53,46000,1713],{"class":66},[53,46002,46003,46005,46007,46009,46012,46014,46016,46018,46020,46022,46024,46026,46029,46031],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,46004,7954],{"class":144},[53,46006,127],{"class":66},[53,46008,229],{"class":228},[53,46010,46011],{"class":232},"You will be",[53,46013,229],{"class":228},[53,46015,74],{"class":66},[53,46017,45330],{"class":102},[53,46019,1949],{"class":63},[53,46021,5382],{"class":70},[53,46023,74],{"class":66},[53,46025,240],{"class":228},[53,46027,46028],{"class":232},"next year",[53,46030,229],{"class":228},[53,46032,133],{"class":66},[53,46034,46035,46037,46039],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,46036,29706],{"class":3764},[53,46038,41798],{"class":1704},[53,46040,6280],{"class":66},[53,46042,46043,46045,46047,46049,46052,46054],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,46044,7954],{"class":144},[53,46046,127],{"class":66},[53,46048,229],{"class":228},[53,46050,46051],{"class":232},"Please enter a whole number.",[53,46053,229],{"class":228},[53,46055,133],{"class":66},[20,46057,46058],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,46060,46061,46062,99],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[758,46063,46065],{"href":46064},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[44788,46067],{},[39,46069,2716],{"id":2715},[20,46071,46072,46073,192],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,46074,2845],{},[194,46076,46077,46084,46087,46090],{},[197,46078,46079,46080,2765,46082],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,46081,2764],{},[15,46083,2771],{},[197,46085,46086],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[197,46088,46089],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[197,46091,46092],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,46094,31955],{},[44,46096,46098],{"className":46,"code":46097,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46099,46100,46110,46124],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46101,46102,46104,46106,46108],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46103,145],{"class":144},[53,46105,127],{"class":66},[53,46107,2360],{"class":102},[53,46109,133],{"class":66},[53,46111,46112,46114,46116,46118,46120,46122],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,46113,145],{"class":144},[53,46115,127],{"class":66},[53,46117,1705],{"class":1704},[53,46119,127],{"class":66},[53,46121,2360],{"class":102},[53,46123,1713],{"class":66},[53,46125,46126,46128,46130,46132,46134,46136],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,46127,145],{"class":144},[53,46129,127],{"class":66},[53,46131,41651],{"class":144},[53,46133,127],{"class":66},[53,46135,2360],{"class":102},[53,46137,1713],{"class":66},[20,46139,46140,46141,46143],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,46142,2845],{}," actually returned:",[194,46145,46146,46151,46156],{},[197,46147,46148,46150],{},[15,46149,41699],{}," shows the value",[197,46152,46153,46155],{},[15,46154,41705],{}," shows the data type",[197,46157,46158,46160],{},[15,46159,41710],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,46162,211],{},[44,46164,46166],{"className":46,"code":46165,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46167,46168,46187,46197,46211],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46169,46170,46172,46174,46176,46178,46180,46183,46185],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46171,2335],{"class":59},[53,46173,31],{"class":63},[53,46175,8128],{"class":144},[53,46177,127],{"class":66},[53,46179,229],{"class":228},[53,46181,46182],{"class":232},"Enter something: ",[53,46184,229],{"class":228},[53,46186,133],{"class":66},[53,46188,46189,46191,46193,46195],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,46190,145],{"class":144},[53,46192,127],{"class":66},[53,46194,2360],{"class":102},[53,46196,133],{"class":66},[53,46198,46199,46201,46203,46205,46207,46209],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,46200,145],{"class":144},[53,46202,127],{"class":66},[53,46204,1705],{"class":1704},[53,46206,127],{"class":66},[53,46208,2360],{"class":102},[53,46210,1713],{"class":66},[53,46212,46213,46215,46217,46219,46221,46223],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,46214,145],{"class":144},[53,46216,127],{"class":66},[53,46218,41651],{"class":144},[53,46220,127],{"class":66},[53,46222,2360],{"class":102},[53,46224,1713],{"class":66},[44788,46226],{},[39,46228,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,46230,1729,46232,46234],{"id":46231},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,46233,2845],{}," return an integer?",[20,46236,46237,46238,46240,46241,39802],{},"No. ",[15,46239,2845],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,46242,2764],{},[1327,46244,46246,46247,1744],{"id":46245},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,46248,2845],{},[20,46250,46251,46252,46254],{},"No. You can call ",[15,46253,2845],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[1327,46256,5041,46258,46261,46262,1744],{"id":46257},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,46259,46260],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,46263,2845],{},[20,46265,28932,46266,46268,46269,42026,46271,46273],{},[15,46267,2845],{}," returns strings. ",[15,46270,45578],{},[15,46272,45582],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[1327,46275,46277],{"id":46276},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,46279,174,46280,46282,46283,99],{},[15,46281,45842],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,46284,46285],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[44788,46287],{},[39,46289,1788],{"id":1787},[194,46291,46292,46297,46301,46307,46313,46317],{},[197,46293,46294],{},[758,46295,46296],{"href":46064},"How to get user input in Python",[197,46298,46299],{},[758,46300,8945],{"href":8867},[197,46302,46303],{},[758,46304,3463,46305,3396],{"href":2761},[15,46306,2764],{},[197,46308,46309],{},[758,46310,3463,46311,3396],{"href":2768},[15,46312,2771],{},[197,46314,46315],{},[758,46316,45789],{"href":45788},[197,46318,46319],{},[758,46320,3463,46322,3396],{"href":46321},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,46323,46324],{},"print()",[1817,46326,46327],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":46329},[46330,46331,46333,46334,46336,46342,46350,46351,46352,46361],{"id":41,"depth":88,"text":42},{"id":44792,"depth":88,"text":46332},"What input() does",{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372},{"id":45021,"depth":88,"text":46335},"What input() returns",{"id":45224,"depth":88,"text":45225,"children":46337},[46338,46339,46341],{"id":45228,"depth":109,"text":45229},{"id":45281,"depth":109,"text":46340},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45352,"depth":109,"text":45353},{"id":45587,"depth":88,"text":45588,"children":46343},[46344,46346,46347,46349],{"id":45596,"depth":109,"text":46345},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45664,"depth":109,"text":45665},{"id":45739,"depth":109,"text":46348},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":45792,"depth":109,"text":45793},{"id":45884,"depth":88,"text":45885},{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":46353},[46354,46356,46358,46360],{"id":46231,"depth":109,"text":46355},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46245,"depth":109,"text":46357},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46257,"depth":109,"text":46359},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46276,"depth":109,"text":46277},{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":42065,"description":46362},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46369,"title":41968,"body":46370,"description":48683,"extension":1853,"meta":48684,"navigation":112,"path":48685,"seo":48686,"stem":48687,"__hash__":48688},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46371,"toc":48635},[46372,46377,46382,46387,46408,46411,46413,46473,46475,46494,46499,46504,46509,46511,46524,46526,46609,46611,46652,46658,46660,46690,46696,46699,46716,46718,46770,46772,46790,46796,46802,46805,46823,46825,46898,46900,46919,46926,46932,46937,46940,47000,47002,47021,47024,47027,47042,47048,47052,47113,47115,47136,47140,47269,47271,47401,47411,47417,47423,47431,47497,47499,47524,47527,47544,47557,47563,47566,47599,47601,47614,47617,47660,47662,47670,47677,47681,47688,47692,47719,47721,47729,47735,47752,47757,47761,47788,47790,47798,47802,47807,47810,47836,47839,47848,47856,47860,47870,47874,47877,47879,47930,47932,47962,47972,47999,48001,48009,48019,48023,48026,48028,48076,48078,48122,48128,48179,48181,48200,48205,48210,48213,48232,48235,48287,48289,48298,48300,48304,48308,48311,48320,48327,48329,48356,48360,48362,48371,48374,48381,48387,48447,48451,48453,48461,48464,48490,48496,48499,48519,48521,48530,48538,48540,48546,48551,48558,48568,48574,48582,48586,48589,48591,48632],[10,46373,3463,46375,3467],{"id":46374},"python-int-function-explained",[15,46376,2764],{},[20,46378,32190,46379,46381],{},[15,46380,2764],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,46383,35280,46384,46386],{},[15,46385,2764],{}," when they want to:",[194,46388,46389,46399,46402,46405],{},[197,46390,46391,46392,46395,46396],{},"turn text like ",[15,46393,46394],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,46397,46398],{},"42",[197,46400,46401],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[197,46403,46404],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[197,46406,46407],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,46409,46410],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[39,46412,42],{"id":41},[44,46414,46416],{"className":46,"code":46415,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,46417,46418,46436,46450],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46419,46420,46422,46424,46426,46428,46430,46432,46434],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46421,145],{"class":144},[53,46423,127],{"class":66},[53,46425,2075],{"class":1704},[53,46427,127],{"class":66},[53,46429,229],{"class":228},[53,46431,46398],{"class":232},[53,46433,229],{"class":228},[53,46435,1713],{"class":66},[53,46437,46438,46440,46442,46444,46446,46448],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,46439,145],{"class":144},[53,46441,127],{"class":66},[53,46443,2075],{"class":1704},[53,46445,127],{"class":66},[53,46447,41856],{"class":70},[53,46449,1713],{"class":66},[53,46451,46452,46454,46456,46458,46460,46462,46465,46467,46469,46471],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,46453,145],{"class":144},[53,46455,127],{"class":66},[53,46457,2075],{"class":1704},[53,46459,127],{"class":66},[53,46461,229],{"class":228},[53,46463,46464],{"class":232},"101",[53,46466,229],{"class":228},[53,46468,74],{"class":66},[53,46470,77],{"class":70},[53,46472,1713],{"class":66},[20,46474,301],{},[44,46476,46478],{"className":46,"code":46477,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,46479,46480,46485,46490],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46481,46482],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46483,46484],{"class":70},"42\n",[53,46486,46487],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,46488,46489],{"class":70},"3\n",[53,46491,46492],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,46493,2834],{"class":70},[20,46495,174,46496,46498],{},[15,46497,2764],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[39,46500,184,46502,187],{"id":46501},"what-int-does",[15,46503,2764],{},[20,46505,46506,46508],{},[15,46507,2764],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,46510,12936],{},[194,46512,46513,46518,46521],{},[197,46514,46515,46516,7227],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46517,2075],{},[197,46519,46520],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[197,46522,46523],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,46525,211],{},[44,46527,46529],{"className":46,"code":46528,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46530,46531,46543,46557,46561,46571,46581,46595],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46532,46533,46535,46537,46539,46541],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46534,34561],{"class":59},[53,46536,31],{"class":63},[53,46538,240],{"class":228},[53,46540,9081],{"class":232},[53,46542,1682],{"class":228},[53,46544,46545,46547,46549,46551,46553,46555],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,46546,2104],{"class":59},[53,46548,31],{"class":63},[53,46550,45148],{"class":1704},[53,46552,127],{"class":66},[53,46554,34582],{"class":102},[53,46556,133],{"class":66},[53,46558,46559],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,46560,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,46562,46563,46565,46567,46569],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,46564,145],{"class":144},[53,46566,127],{"class":66},[53,46568,34582],{"class":102},[53,46570,133],{"class":66},[53,46572,46573,46575,46577,46579],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,46574,145],{"class":144},[53,46576,127],{"class":66},[53,46578,2127],{"class":102},[53,46580,133],{"class":66},[53,46582,46583,46585,46587,46589,46591,46593],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,46584,145],{"class":144},[53,46586,127],{"class":66},[53,46588,1705],{"class":1704},[53,46590,127],{"class":66},[53,46592,34582],{"class":102},[53,46594,1713],{"class":66},[53,46596,46597,46599,46601,46603,46605,46607],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,46598,145],{"class":144},[53,46600,127],{"class":66},[53,46602,1705],{"class":1704},[53,46604,127],{"class":66},[53,46606,2127],{"class":102},[53,46608,1713],{"class":66},[20,46610,301],{},[44,46612,46614],{"className":46,"code":46613,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46615,46616,46620,46624,46638],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46617,46618],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46619,2594],{"class":70},[53,46621,46622],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,46623,2594],{"class":70},[53,46625,46626,46628,46630,46632,46634,46636],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,46627,3178],{"class":63},[53,46629,3181],{"class":1954},[53,46631,323],{"class":228},[53,46633,3330],{"class":232},[53,46635,314],{"class":228},[53,46637,3190],{"class":63},[53,46639,46640,46642,46644,46646,46648,46650],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,46641,3178],{"class":63},[53,46643,3181],{"class":1954},[53,46645,323],{"class":228},[53,46647,2075],{"class":232},[53,46649,314],{"class":228},[53,46651,3190],{"class":63},[20,46653,46654,46655,46657],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,46656,2764],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[39,46659,372],{"id":371},[44,46661,46663],{"className":46,"code":46662,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,46664,46665,46675],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46666,46667,46669,46671,46673],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46668,2075],{"class":1704},[53,46670,127],{"class":66},[53,46672,2060],{"class":102},[53,46674,133],{"class":66},[53,46676,46677,46679,46681,46683,46685,46688],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,46678,2075],{"class":1704},[53,46680,127],{"class":66},[53,46682,2060],{"class":102},[53,46684,74],{"class":66},[53,46686,46687],{"class":102}," base",[53,46689,133],{"class":66},[1327,46691,46693],{"id":46692},"intx",[15,46694,46695],{},"int(x)",[20,46697,46698],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[194,46700,46701,46706,46711],{},[197,46702,46703,46704],{},"a string such as ",[15,46705,41998],{},[197,46707,46708,46709],{},"a float such as ",[15,46710,41856],{},[197,46712,46713,46714],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,46715,3492],{},[20,46717,211],{},[44,46719,46721],{"className":46,"code":46720,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,46722,46723,46741,46756],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46724,46725,46727,46729,46731,46733,46735,46737,46739],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46726,145],{"class":144},[53,46728,127],{"class":66},[53,46730,2075],{"class":1704},[53,46732,127],{"class":66},[53,46734,229],{"class":228},[53,46736,1188],{"class":232},[53,46738,229],{"class":228},[53,46740,1713],{"class":66},[53,46742,46743,46745,46747,46749,46751,46754],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,46744,145],{"class":144},[53,46746,127],{"class":66},[53,46748,2075],{"class":1704},[53,46750,127],{"class":66},[53,46752,46753],{"class":70},"8.7",[53,46755,1713],{"class":66},[53,46757,46758,46760,46762,46764,46766,46768],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,46759,145],{"class":144},[53,46761,127],{"class":66},[53,46763,2075],{"class":1704},[53,46765,127],{"class":66},[53,46767,3492],{"class":3739},[53,46769,1713],{"class":66},[20,46771,301],{},[44,46773,46775],{"className":46,"code":46774,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,46776,46777,46781,46785],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46778,46779],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46780,2264],{"class":70},[53,46782,46783],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,46784,2269],{"class":70},[53,46786,46787],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,46788,46789],{"class":70},"1\n",[1327,46791,46793],{"id":46792},"intx-base",[15,46794,46795],{},"int(x, base)",[20,46797,46798,46799,46801],{},"Use this form when ",[15,46800,2060],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,46803,46804],{},"Common bases:",[194,46806,46807,46812,46817],{},[197,46808,46809,46811],{},[15,46810,1589],{}," for binary",[197,46813,46814,46816],{},[15,46815,2233],{}," for octal",[197,46818,46819,46822],{},[15,46820,46821],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,46824,211],{},[44,46826,46828],{"className":46,"code":46827,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,46829,46830,46852,46875],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46831,46832,46834,46836,46838,46840,46842,46844,46846,46848,46850],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46833,145],{"class":144},[53,46835,127],{"class":66},[53,46837,2075],{"class":1704},[53,46839,127],{"class":66},[53,46841,229],{"class":228},[53,46843,46464],{"class":232},[53,46845,229],{"class":228},[53,46847,74],{"class":66},[53,46849,77],{"class":70},[53,46851,1713],{"class":66},[53,46853,46854,46856,46858,46860,46862,46864,46867,46869,46871,46873],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,46855,145],{"class":144},[53,46857,127],{"class":66},[53,46859,2075],{"class":1704},[53,46861,127],{"class":66},[53,46863,229],{"class":228},[53,46865,46866],{"class":232},"17",[53,46868,229],{"class":228},[53,46870,74],{"class":66},[53,46872,6246],{"class":70},[53,46874,1713],{"class":66},[53,46876,46877,46879,46881,46883,46885,46887,46890,46892,46894,46896],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,46878,145],{"class":144},[53,46880,127],{"class":66},[53,46882,2075],{"class":1704},[53,46884,127],{"class":66},[53,46886,229],{"class":228},[53,46888,46889],{"class":232},"1A",[53,46891,229],{"class":228},[53,46893,74],{"class":66},[53,46895,13863],{"class":70},[53,46897,1713],{"class":66},[20,46899,301],{},[44,46901,46903],{"className":46,"code":46902,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,46904,46905,46909,46914],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46906,46907],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46908,2834],{"class":70},[53,46910,46911],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,46912,46913],{"class":70},"15\n",[53,46915,46916],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,46917,46918],{"class":70},"26\n",[20,46920,46921,46922,99],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[758,46923,46924,2191],{"href":2768},[15,46925,2771],{},[39,46927,485,46929,46931],{"id":46928},"using-int-with-strings",[15,46930,2764],{}," with strings",[20,46933,46934,46936],{},[15,46935,2764],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,46938,46939],{},"Examples that work:",[44,46941,46943],{"className":46,"code":46942,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,46944,46945,46963,46981],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46946,46947,46949,46951,46953,46955,46957,46959,46961],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46948,145],{"class":144},[53,46950,127],{"class":66},[53,46952,2075],{"class":1704},[53,46954,127],{"class":66},[53,46956,229],{"class":228},[53,46958,2024],{"class":232},[53,46960,229],{"class":228},[53,46962,1713],{"class":66},[53,46964,46965,46967,46969,46971,46973,46975,46977,46979],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,46966,145],{"class":144},[53,46968,127],{"class":66},[53,46970,2075],{"class":1704},[53,46972,127],{"class":66},[53,46974,229],{"class":228},[53,46976,2180],{"class":232},[53,46978,229],{"class":228},[53,46980,1713],{"class":66},[53,46982,46983,46985,46987,46989,46991,46993,46996,46998],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,46984,145],{"class":144},[53,46986,127],{"class":66},[53,46988,2075],{"class":1704},[53,46990,127],{"class":66},[53,46992,229],{"class":228},[53,46994,46995],{"class":232},"  42  ",[53,46997,229],{"class":228},[53,46999,1713],{"class":66},[20,47001,301],{},[44,47003,47005],{"className":46,"code":47004,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,47006,47007,47011,47017],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47008,47009],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47010,2834],{"class":70},[53,47012,47013,47015],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,47014,1912],{"class":63},[53,47016,2112],{"class":70},[53,47018,47019],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,47020,46484],{"class":70},[20,47022,47023],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,47025,47026],{},"Examples that fail:",[44,47028,47030],{"className":46,"code":47029,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,47031,47032,47037],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47033,47034],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47035,47036],{"class":156},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[53,47038,47039],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,47040,47041],{"class":156},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,47043,47044,47045,47047],{},"These raise ",[15,47046,40576],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[1327,47049,47051],{"id":47050},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[44,47053,47055],{"className":46,"code":47054,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,47056,47057,47075,47094],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47058,47059,47061,47063,47065,47067,47069,47071,47073],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47060,145],{"class":144},[53,47062,127],{"class":66},[53,47064,2075],{"class":1704},[53,47066,127],{"class":66},[53,47068,229],{"class":228},[53,47070,852],{"class":232},[53,47072,229],{"class":228},[53,47074,1713],{"class":66},[53,47076,47077,47079,47081,47083,47085,47087,47090,47092],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,47078,145],{"class":144},[53,47080,127],{"class":66},[53,47082,2075],{"class":1704},[53,47084,127],{"class":66},[53,47086,229],{"class":228},[53,47088,47089],{"class":232},"+7",[53,47091,229],{"class":228},[53,47093,1713],{"class":66},[53,47095,47096,47098,47100,47102,47104,47106,47109,47111],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,47097,145],{"class":144},[53,47099,127],{"class":66},[53,47101,2075],{"class":1704},[53,47103,127],{"class":66},[53,47105,229],{"class":228},[53,47107,47108],{"class":232},"-100",[53,47110,229],{"class":228},[53,47112,1713],{"class":66},[20,47114,301],{},[44,47116,47118],{"className":46,"code":47117,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,47119,47120,47125,47129],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47121,47122],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47123,47124],{"class":70},"0\n",[53,47126,47127],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,47128,1969],{"class":70},[53,47130,47131,47133],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,47132,1912],{"class":63},[53,47134,47135],{"class":70},"100\n",[1327,47137,47139],{"id":47138},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[44,47141,47143],{"className":46,"code":47142,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,47144,47145,47183,47187,47199,47206,47221,47236],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47146,47147,47149,47151,47153,47155,47157,47159,47161,47163,47166,47168,47170,47172,47174,47176,47179,47181],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47148,3709],{"class":59},[53,47150,31],{"class":63},[53,47152,67],{"class":66},[53,47154,229],{"class":228},[53,47156,40016],{"class":232},[53,47158,229],{"class":228},[53,47160,74],{"class":66},[53,47162,240],{"class":228},[53,47164,47165],{"class":232},"12abc",[53,47167,229],{"class":228},[53,47169,74],{"class":66},[53,47171,6012],{"class":228},[53,47173,74],{"class":66},[53,47175,240],{"class":228},[53,47177,47178],{"class":232},"seven",[53,47180,229],{"class":228},[53,47182,85],{"class":66},[53,47184,47185],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,47186,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,47188,47189,47191,47193,47195,47197],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,47190,5843],{"class":3764},[53,47192,21453],{"class":59},[53,47194,3771],{"class":3764},[53,47196,3774],{"class":59},[53,47198,6280],{"class":66},[53,47200,47201,47204],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,47202,47203],{"class":3764},"    try",[53,47205,6280],{"class":66},[53,47207,47208,47211,47213,47215,47217,47219],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,47209,47210],{"class":144},"        print",[53,47212,127],{"class":66},[53,47214,2075],{"class":1704},[53,47216,127],{"class":66},[53,47218,2360],{"class":102},[53,47220,1713],{"class":66},[53,47222,47223,47226,47228,47231,47234],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,47224,47225],{"class":3764},"    except",[53,47227,41798],{"class":1704},[53,47229,47230],{"class":3764}," as",[53,47232,47233],{"class":59}," error",[53,47235,6280],{"class":66},[53,47237,47238,47240,47242,47244,47246,47248,47250,47253,47255,47258,47260,47263,47265,47267],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,47239,47210],{"class":144},[53,47241,127],{"class":66},[53,47243,22163],{"class":1954},[53,47245,229],{"class":232},[53,47247,9166],{"class":70},[53,47249,2360],{"class":102},[53,47251,47252],{"class":1954},"!r",[53,47254,22172],{"class":70},[53,47256,47257],{"class":232}," -> ",[53,47259,9166],{"class":70},[53,47261,47262],{"class":102},"error",[53,47264,22172],{"class":70},[53,47266,229],{"class":232},[53,47268,133],{"class":66},[20,47270,301],{},[44,47272,47274],{"className":46,"code":47273,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,47275,47276,47312,47344,47369],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47277,47278,47280,47282,47284,47287,47290,47292,47294,47296,47299,47302,47304,47306,47308,47310],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47279,314],{"class":43200},[53,47281,40016],{"class":43204},[53,47283,314],{"class":43200},[53,47285,47286],{"class":37241}," ->",[53,47288,47289],{"class":59}," invalid literal ",[53,47291,5843],{"class":3764},[53,47293,45148],{"class":1704},[53,47295,7253],{"class":66},[53,47297,47298],{"class":3764}," with",[53,47300,47301],{"class":59}," base ",[53,47303,1188],{"class":70},[53,47305,192],{"class":66},[53,47307,323],{"class":228},[53,47309,40016],{"class":232},[53,47311,29571],{"class":228},[53,47313,47314,47316,47318,47320,47322,47324,47326,47328,47330,47332,47334,47336,47338,47340,47342],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,47315,314],{"class":228},[53,47317,47165],{"class":232},[53,47319,314],{"class":228},[53,47321,47286],{"class":37241},[53,47323,47289],{"class":59},[53,47325,5843],{"class":3764},[53,47327,45148],{"class":1704},[53,47329,7253],{"class":66},[53,47331,47298],{"class":3764},[53,47333,47301],{"class":59},[53,47335,1188],{"class":70},[53,47337,192],{"class":66},[53,47339,323],{"class":228},[53,47341,47165],{"class":232},[53,47343,29571],{"class":228},[53,47345,47346,47348,47350,47352,47354,47356,47358,47360,47362,47364,47366],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,47347,3659],{"class":228},[53,47349,47286],{"class":37241},[53,47351,47289],{"class":59},[53,47353,5843],{"class":3764},[53,47355,45148],{"class":1704},[53,47357,7253],{"class":66},[53,47359,47298],{"class":3764},[53,47361,47301],{"class":59},[53,47363,1188],{"class":70},[53,47365,192],{"class":66},[53,47367,47368],{"class":228}," ''\n",[53,47370,47371,47373,47375,47377,47379,47381,47383,47385,47387,47389,47391,47393,47395,47397,47399],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,47372,314],{"class":228},[53,47374,47178],{"class":232},[53,47376,314],{"class":228},[53,47378,47286],{"class":37241},[53,47380,47289],{"class":59},[53,47382,5843],{"class":3764},[53,47384,45148],{"class":1704},[53,47386,7253],{"class":66},[53,47388,47298],{"class":3764},[53,47390,47301],{"class":59},[53,47392,1188],{"class":70},[53,47394,192],{"class":66},[53,47396,323],{"class":228},[53,47398,47178],{"class":232},[53,47400,29571],{"class":228},[20,47402,47403,47404,47406,47407,99],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[758,47405,8868],{"href":8867}," and the ",[758,47408,47409,2191],{"href":8105},[15,47410,2845],{},[39,47412,485,47414,47416],{"id":47413},"using-int-with-floats",[15,47415,2764],{}," with floats",[20,47418,47419,47420,47422],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,47421,2764],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,47424,47425,47426,32,47428,47430],{},"Important: ",[15,47427,2764],{},[34,47429,36],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[44,47432,47434],{"className":46,"code":47433,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,47435,47436,47450,47465,47481],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47437,47438,47440,47442,47444,47446,47448],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47439,145],{"class":144},[53,47441,127],{"class":66},[53,47443,2075],{"class":1704},[53,47445,127],{"class":66},[53,47447,41856],{"class":70},[53,47449,1713],{"class":66},[53,47451,47452,47454,47456,47458,47460,47463],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,47453,145],{"class":144},[53,47455,127],{"class":66},[53,47457,2075],{"class":1704},[53,47459,127],{"class":66},[53,47461,47462],{"class":70},"3.1",[53,47464,1713],{"class":66},[53,47466,47467,47469,47471,47473,47475,47477,47479],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,47468,145],{"class":144},[53,47470,127],{"class":66},[53,47472,2075],{"class":1704},[53,47474,127],{"class":66},[53,47476,1912],{"class":63},[53,47478,41856],{"class":70},[53,47480,1713],{"class":66},[53,47482,47483,47485,47487,47489,47491,47493,47495],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,47484,145],{"class":144},[53,47486,127],{"class":66},[53,47488,2075],{"class":1704},[53,47490,127],{"class":66},[53,47492,1912],{"class":63},[53,47494,47462],{"class":70},[53,47496,1713],{"class":66},[20,47498,301],{},[44,47500,47502],{"className":46,"code":47501,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,47503,47504,47508,47512,47518],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47505,47506],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47507,46489],{"class":70},[53,47509,47510],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,47511,46489],{"class":70},[53,47513,47514,47516],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,47515,1912],{"class":63},[53,47517,46489],{"class":70},[53,47519,47520,47522],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,47521,1912],{"class":63},[53,47523,46489],{"class":70},[20,47525,47526],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[194,47528,47529,47536],{},[197,47530,47531,42026,47534],{},[15,47532,47533],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47535,815],{},[197,47537,47538,42026,47541],{},[15,47539,47540],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47542,47543],{},"-3",[20,47545,47546,47547,47551,47552,99],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[758,47548,47549],{"href":2768},[15,47550,2771],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[758,47553,47554],{"href":42046},[15,47555,47556],{},"str()",[39,47558,485,47560,47562],{"id":47559},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47561,2764],{}," with booleans",[20,47564,47565],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[44,47567,47569],{"className":46,"code":47568,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47570,47571,47585],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47572,47573,47575,47577,47579,47581,47583],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47574,145],{"class":144},[53,47576,127],{"class":66},[53,47578,2075],{"class":1704},[53,47580,127],{"class":66},[53,47582,3492],{"class":3739},[53,47584,1713],{"class":66},[53,47586,47587,47589,47591,47593,47595,47597],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,47588,145],{"class":144},[53,47590,127],{"class":66},[53,47592,2075],{"class":1704},[53,47594,127],{"class":66},[53,47596,3560],{"class":3739},[53,47598,1713],{"class":66},[20,47600,301],{},[44,47602,47604],{"className":46,"code":47603,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"1\n0\n",[15,47605,47606,47610],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47607,47608],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47609,46789],{"class":70},[53,47611,47612],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,47613,47124],{"class":70},[20,47615,47616],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[44,47618,47620],{"className":46,"code":47619,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,47621,47622,47631,47646,47650],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47623,47624,47627,47629],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47625,47626],{"class":59},"passed ",[53,47628,31],{"class":63},[53,47630,6309],{"class":3739},[53,47632,47633,47635,47637,47639,47641,47644],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,47634,41054],{"class":59},[53,47636,31],{"class":63},[53,47638,45148],{"class":1704},[53,47640,127],{"class":66},[53,47642,47643],{"class":102},"passed",[53,47645,133],{"class":66},[53,47647,47648],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,47649,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,47651,47652,47654,47656,47658],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,47653,145],{"class":144},[53,47655,127],{"class":66},[53,47657,41083],{"class":102},[53,47659,133],{"class":66},[20,47661,301],{},[44,47663,47664],{"className":46,"code":46789,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,47665,47666],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47667,47668],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47669,46789],{"class":70},[20,47671,47672,47673,99],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[758,47674,47675,2191],{"href":5665},[15,47676,3699],{},[39,47678,47680],{"id":47679},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,47682,47683,47684,47687],{},"Use the ",[15,47685,47686],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[1327,47689,47691],{"id":47690},"binary-example","Binary example",[44,47693,47695],{"className":46,"code":47694,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47696,47697],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47698,47699,47701,47703,47705,47707,47709,47711,47713,47715,47717],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47700,145],{"class":144},[53,47702,127],{"class":66},[53,47704,2075],{"class":1704},[53,47706,127],{"class":66},[53,47708,229],{"class":228},[53,47710,46464],{"class":232},[53,47712,229],{"class":228},[53,47714,74],{"class":66},[53,47716,77],{"class":70},[53,47718,1713],{"class":66},[20,47720,301],{},[44,47722,47723],{"className":46,"code":2834,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,47724,47725],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47726,47727],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47728,2834],{"class":70},[20,47730,47731,47734],{},[15,47732,47733],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[194,47736,47737,47742,47747],{},[197,47738,47739],{},[15,47740,47741],{},"1 × 4",[197,47743,47744],{},[15,47745,47746],{},"0 × 2",[197,47748,47749],{},[15,47750,47751],{},"1 × 1",[20,47753,47754,47755,99],{},"So the result is ",[15,47756,2024],{},[1327,47758,47760],{"id":47759},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[44,47762,47764],{"className":46,"code":47763,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47765,47766],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47767,47768,47770,47772,47774,47776,47778,47780,47782,47784,47786],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47769,145],{"class":144},[53,47771,127],{"class":66},[53,47773,2075],{"class":1704},[53,47775,127],{"class":66},[53,47777,229],{"class":228},[53,47779,46889],{"class":232},[53,47781,229],{"class":228},[53,47783,74],{"class":66},[53,47785,13863],{"class":70},[53,47787,1713],{"class":66},[20,47789,301],{},[44,47791,47792],{"className":46,"code":46918,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,47793,47794],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47795,47796],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47797,46918],{"class":70},[1327,47799,47801],{"id":47800},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,47803,1870,47804,47806],{},[15,47805,47686],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,47808,47809],{},"Good:",[44,47811,47812],{"className":46,"code":47694,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,47813,47814],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47815,47816,47818,47820,47822,47824,47826,47828,47830,47832,47834],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47817,145],{"class":144},[53,47819,127],{"class":66},[53,47821,2075],{"class":1704},[53,47823,127],{"class":66},[53,47825,229],{"class":228},[53,47827,46464],{"class":232},[53,47829,229],{"class":228},[53,47831,74],{"class":66},[53,47833,77],{"class":70},[53,47835,1713],{"class":66},[20,47837,47838],{},"Not correct:",[44,47840,47842],{"className":46,"code":47841,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,47843,47844],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47845,47846],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47847,47841],{"class":156},[20,47849,47850,47851,8488,47853,47855],{},"That causes a ",[15,47852,2892],{},[15,47854,47686],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[39,47857,47859],{"id":47858},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,47861,47862,47863,47865,47866,960,47868,99],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,47864,2764],{}," are ",[15,47867,40576],{},[15,47869,2892],{},[1327,47871,47872],{"id":41385},[15,47873,40576],{},[20,47875,47876],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,47878,211],{},[44,47880,47882],{"className":46,"code":47881,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47883,47884,47890,47908,47920],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47885,47886,47888],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47887,29675],{"class":3764},[53,47889,6280],{"class":66},[53,47891,47892,47894,47896,47898,47900,47902,47904,47906],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,47893,7954],{"class":144},[53,47895,127],{"class":66},[53,47897,2075],{"class":1704},[53,47899,127],{"class":66},[53,47901,229],{"class":228},[53,47903,40016],{"class":232},[53,47905,229],{"class":228},[53,47907,1713],{"class":66},[53,47909,47910,47912,47914,47916,47918],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,47911,29706],{"class":3764},[53,47913,41798],{"class":1704},[53,47915,47230],{"class":3764},[53,47917,47233],{"class":59},[53,47919,6280],{"class":66},[53,47921,47922,47924,47926,47928],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,47923,7954],{"class":144},[53,47925,127],{"class":66},[53,47927,47262],{"class":102},[53,47929,133],{"class":66},[20,47931,301],{},[44,47933,47935],{"className":46,"code":47934,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,47936,47937],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47938,47939,47942,47944,47946,47948,47950,47952,47954,47956,47958,47960],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47940,47941],{"class":59},"invalid literal ",[53,47943,5843],{"class":3764},[53,47945,45148],{"class":1704},[53,47947,7253],{"class":66},[53,47949,47298],{"class":3764},[53,47951,47301],{"class":59},[53,47953,1188],{"class":70},[53,47955,192],{"class":66},[53,47957,323],{"class":228},[53,47959,40016],{"class":232},[53,47961,29571],{"class":228},[20,47963,47964,47965,47968,47969,47971],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,47966,47967],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,47970,2764],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[44,47973,47975],{"className":46,"code":47974,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,47976,47977],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47978,47979,47981,47983,47985,47987,47989,47991,47993,47995,47997],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47980,145],{"class":144},[53,47982,127],{"class":66},[53,47984,2075],{"class":1704},[53,47986,127],{"class":66},[53,47988,2079],{"class":1704},[53,47990,127],{"class":66},[53,47992,229],{"class":228},[53,47994,40016],{"class":232},[53,47996,229],{"class":228},[53,47998,2799],{"class":66},[20,48000,301],{},[44,48002,48003],{"className":46,"code":46489,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,48004,48005],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48006,48007],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48008,46489],{"class":70},[20,48010,48011,48012,960,48015,99],{},"If you see this often, read ",[758,48013,48014],{"href":2849},"how to convert string to int in Python",[758,48016,25549,48017],{"href":45788},[15,48018,45789],{},[1327,48020,48021],{"id":41451},[15,48022,2892],{},[20,48024,48025],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,48027,211],{},[44,48029,48031],{"className":46,"code":48030,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48032,48033,48039,48053,48066],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48034,48035,48037],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48036,29675],{"class":3764},[53,48038,6280],{"class":66},[53,48040,48041,48043,48045,48047,48049,48051],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,48042,7954],{"class":144},[53,48044,127],{"class":66},[53,48046,2075],{"class":1704},[53,48048,127],{"class":66},[53,48050,3664],{"class":3739},[53,48052,1713],{"class":66},[53,48054,48055,48057,48060,48062,48064],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,48056,29706],{"class":3764},[53,48058,48059],{"class":1704}," TypeError",[53,48061,47230],{"class":3764},[53,48063,47233],{"class":59},[53,48065,6280],{"class":66},[53,48067,48068,48070,48072,48074],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,48069,7954],{"class":144},[53,48071,127],{"class":66},[53,48073,47262],{"class":102},[53,48075,133],{"class":66},[20,48077,301],{},[44,48079,48081],{"className":46,"code":48080,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,48082,48083],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48084,48085,48087,48089,48092,48094,48096,48099,48101,48104,48106,48109,48111,48113,48115,48117,48120],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48086,2075],{"class":1704},[53,48088,7253],{"class":66},[53,48090,48091],{"class":59}," argument must be a string",[53,48093,74],{"class":66},[53,48095,44416],{"class":59},[53,48097,48098],{"class":1704},"bytes",[53,48100,1912],{"class":63},[53,48102,48103],{"class":59},"like ",[53,48105,42270],{"class":1704},[53,48107,48108],{"class":63}," or",[53,48110,40712],{"class":59},[53,48112,74],{"class":66},[53,48114,7985],{"class":63},[53,48116,323],{"class":228},[53,48118,48119],{"class":232},"NoneType",[53,48121,29571],{"class":228},[20,48123,48124,48125,48127],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,48126,47686],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[44,48129,48131],{"className":46,"code":48130,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48132,48133,48139,48157,48169],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48134,48135,48137],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48136,29675],{"class":3764},[53,48138,6280],{"class":66},[53,48140,48141,48143,48145,48147,48149,48151,48153,48155],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,48142,7954],{"class":144},[53,48144,127],{"class":66},[53,48146,2075],{"class":1704},[53,48148,127],{"class":66},[53,48150,46464],{"class":70},[53,48152,74],{"class":66},[53,48154,77],{"class":70},[53,48156,1713],{"class":66},[53,48158,48159,48161,48163,48165,48167],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,48160,29706],{"class":3764},[53,48162,48059],{"class":1704},[53,48164,47230],{"class":3764},[53,48166,47233],{"class":59},[53,48168,6280],{"class":66},[53,48170,48171,48173,48175,48177],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,48172,7954],{"class":144},[53,48174,127],{"class":66},[53,48176,47262],{"class":102},[53,48178,133],{"class":66},[20,48180,301],{},[44,48182,48184],{"className":46,"code":48183,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,48185,48186],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48187,48188,48190,48192,48195,48197],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48189,2075],{"class":1704},[53,48191,7253],{"class":66},[53,48193,48194],{"class":59}," can",[53,48196,314],{"class":228},[53,48198,48199],{"class":232},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[39,48201,1145,48203],{"id":48202},"when-to-use-int",[15,48204,2764],{},[20,48206,174,48207,48209],{},[15,48208,2764],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,48211,48212],{},"Common uses:",[194,48214,48215,48221,48224,48227],{},[197,48216,48217,48218,48220],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,48219,2845],{}," into integers",[197,48222,48223],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[197,48225,48226],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[197,48228,48229,48230,36489],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,48231,47686],{},[20,48233,48234],{},"Example with user input:",[44,48236,48238],{"className":46,"code":48237,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,48239,48240,48254,48269,48273],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48241,48242,48245,48247,48249,48252],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48243,48244],{"class":59},"age_text ",[53,48246,31],{"class":63},[53,48248,240],{"class":228},[53,48250,48251],{"class":232},"18",[53,48253,1682],{"class":228},[53,48255,48256,48258,48260,48262,48264,48267],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,48257,21497],{"class":59},[53,48259,31],{"class":63},[53,48261,45148],{"class":1704},[53,48263,127],{"class":66},[53,48265,48266],{"class":102},"age_text",[53,48268,133],{"class":66},[53,48270,48271],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,48272,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,48274,48275,48277,48279,48281,48283,48285],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,48276,145],{"class":144},[53,48278,127],{"class":66},[53,48280,21497],{"class":102},[53,48282,1949],{"class":63},[53,48284,5382],{"class":70},[53,48286,133],{"class":66},[20,48288,301],{},[44,48290,48292],{"className":46,"code":48291,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"19\n",[15,48293,48294],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48295,48296],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48297,48291],{"class":70},[39,48299,2716],{"id":2715},[20,48301,14606,48302,99],{},[15,48303,2764],{},[1327,48305,48307],{"id":48306},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,48309,48310],{},"This fails:",[44,48312,48314],{"className":46,"code":48313,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,48315,48316],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48317,48318],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48319,48313],{"class":156},[20,48321,48322,48323,48326],{},"Why: ",[15,48324,48325],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,48328,18708],{},[44,48330,48332],{"className":46,"code":48331,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,48333,48334],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48335,48336,48338,48340,48342,48344,48346,48348,48350,48352,48354],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48337,145],{"class":144},[53,48339,127],{"class":66},[53,48341,2075],{"class":1704},[53,48343,127],{"class":66},[53,48345,2079],{"class":1704},[53,48347,127],{"class":66},[53,48349,229],{"class":228},[53,48351,40995],{"class":232},[53,48353,229],{"class":228},[53,48355,2799],{"class":66},[1327,48357,48359],{"id":48358},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,48361,48310],{},[44,48363,48365],{"className":46,"code":48364,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,48366,48367],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48368,48369],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48370,48364],{"class":156},[20,48372,48373],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[1327,48375,48377,48378],{"id":48376},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,48379,48380],{},"int(None)",[20,48382,48383,48384,48386],{},"This fails because ",[15,48385,3664],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[44,48388,48390],{"className":46,"code":48389,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48391,48392,48401,48405,48411,48425,48437],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48393,48394,48396,48398],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48395,2335],{"class":59},[53,48397,31],{"class":63},[53,48399,48400],{"class":3739}," None\n",[53,48402,48403],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,48404,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,48406,48407,48409],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,48408,29675],{"class":3764},[53,48410,6280],{"class":66},[53,48412,48413,48415,48417,48419,48421,48423],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,48414,7954],{"class":144},[53,48416,127],{"class":66},[53,48418,2075],{"class":1704},[53,48420,127],{"class":66},[53,48422,2360],{"class":102},[53,48424,1713],{"class":66},[53,48426,48427,48429,48431,48433,48435],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,48428,29706],{"class":3764},[53,48430,48059],{"class":1704},[53,48432,47230],{"class":3764},[53,48434,47233],{"class":59},[53,48436,6280],{"class":66},[53,48438,48439,48441,48443,48445],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,48440,7954],{"class":144},[53,48442,127],{"class":66},[53,48444,47262],{"class":102},[53,48446,133],{"class":66},[1327,48448,48450],{"id":48449},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,48452,48310],{},[44,48454,48455],{"className":46,"code":47841,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,48456,48457],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48458,48459],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48460,47841],{"class":156},[20,48462,48463],{},"Use a string instead:",[44,48465,48466],{"className":46,"code":47694,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,48467,48468],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48469,48470,48472,48474,48476,48478,48480,48482,48484,48486,48488],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48471,145],{"class":144},[53,48473,127],{"class":66},[53,48475,2075],{"class":1704},[53,48477,127],{"class":66},[53,48479,229],{"class":228},[53,48481,46464],{"class":232},[53,48483,229],{"class":228},[53,48485,74],{"class":66},[53,48487,77],{"class":70},[53,48489,1713],{"class":66},[1327,48491,8339,48493,48495],{"id":48492},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,48494,2764],{}," to round",[20,48497,48498],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[44,48500,48502],{"className":46,"code":48501,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,48503,48504],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48505,48506,48508,48510,48512,48514,48517],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48507,145],{"class":144},[53,48509,127],{"class":66},[53,48511,2075],{"class":1704},[53,48513,127],{"class":66},[53,48515,48516],{"class":70},"4.9",[53,48518,1713],{"class":66},[20,48520,301],{},[44,48522,48524],{"className":46,"code":48523,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"4\n",[15,48525,48526],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48527,48528],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48529,48523],{"class":70},[20,48531,3057,48532,48534,48535,48537],{},[15,48533,2024],{},", remember that ",[15,48536,2764],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[39,48539,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,48541,1729,48543,48545],{"id":48542},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48544,2764],{}," round numbers?",[20,48547,46237,48548,48550],{},[15,48549,2764],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[1327,48552,5041,48554,48557],{"id":48553},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48555,48556],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,48559,28932,48560,48562,48563,48565,48566,39802],{},[15,48561,47967],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48564,2771],{}," first, then use ",[15,48567,2764],{},[1327,48569,5025,48571,12603],{"id":48570},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48572,48573],{},"int(True)",[20,48575,5031,48576,28184,48578,42026,48580,99],{},[15,48577,71],{},[15,48579,3560],{},[15,48581,852],{},[1327,48583,48585],{"id":48584},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,48587,48588],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[39,48590,1788],{"id":1787},[194,48592,48593,48599,48605,48611,48616,48620,48626],{},[197,48594,48595],{},[758,48596,48597,3396],{"href":2768},[15,48598,2771],{},[197,48600,48601],{},[758,48602,48603,3396],{"href":42046},[15,48604,47556],{},[197,48606,48607],{},[758,48608,48609,3396],{"href":5665},[15,48610,3699],{},[197,48612,48613],{},[758,48614,48615],{"href":2849},"How to convert string to int in Python",[197,48617,48618],{},[758,48619,8945],{"href":8867},[197,48621,48622],{},[758,48623,48624,3396],{"href":8105},[15,48625,2845],{},[197,48627,48628],{},[758,48629,30219,48630],{"href":45788},[15,48631,45789],{},[1817,48633,48634],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":48636},[48637,48638,48640,48644,48649,48651,48653,48658,48662,48664,48673,48682],{"id":41,"depth":88,"text":42},{"id":46501,"depth":88,"text":48639},"What int() does",{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372,"children":48641},[48642,48643],{"id":46692,"depth":109,"text":46695},{"id":46792,"depth":109,"text":46795},{"id":46928,"depth":88,"text":48645,"children":48646},"Using int() with strings",[48647,48648],{"id":47050,"depth":109,"text":47051},{"id":47138,"depth":109,"text":47139},{"id":47413,"depth":88,"text":48650},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47559,"depth":88,"text":48652},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47679,"depth":88,"text":47680,"children":48654},[48655,48656,48657],{"id":47690,"depth":109,"text":47691},{"id":47759,"depth":109,"text":47760},{"id":47800,"depth":109,"text":47801},{"id":47858,"depth":88,"text":47859,"children":48659},[48660,48661],{"id":41385,"depth":109,"text":40576},{"id":41451,"depth":109,"text":2892},{"id":48202,"depth":88,"text":48663},"When to use int()",{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716,"children":48665},[48666,48667,48668,48670,48671],{"id":48306,"depth":109,"text":48307},{"id":48358,"depth":109,"text":48359},{"id":48376,"depth":109,"text":48669},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48449,"depth":109,"text":48450},{"id":48492,"depth":109,"text":48672},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":48674},[48675,48677,48679,48681],{"id":48542,"depth":109,"text":48676},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48553,"depth":109,"text":48678},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48570,"depth":109,"text":48680},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48584,"depth":109,"text":48585},{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":41968,"description":48683},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48690,"title":48691,"body":48692,"description":50528,"extension":1853,"meta":50529,"navigation":112,"path":44674,"seo":50530,"stem":50531,"__hash__":50532},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48693,"toc":50484},[48694,48699,48704,48712,48721,48723,48782,48788,48793,48798,48801,48829,48832,48835,48846,48856,48858,48860,48880,48884,48912,48914,48953,48955,48963,48965,48968,48972,49025,49027,49039,49043,49100,49102,49114,49120,49126,49130,49133,49136,49202,49204,49216,49222,49224,49276,49279,49320,49323,49330,49339,49345,49348,49381,49387,49390,49421,49427,49430,49442,49446,49451,49455,49613,49615,49630,49633,49637,49741,49743,49760,49764,49825,49827,49835,49838,49842,49909,49911,49920,49926,49928,49937,49939,49974,49979,49981,50011,50015,50017,50054,50057,50059,50096,50102,50104,50154,50156,50164,50174,50180,50184,50189,50238,50240,50253,50256,50258,50261,50336,50339,50358,50361,50391,50401,50403,50408,50415,50421,50427,50434,50442,50448,50451,50453,50481],[10,48695,3463,48697,3467],{"id":48696},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,48698,44677],{},[20,48700,48701,48703],{},[15,48702,44677],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,48705,48706,48707,2765,48709,48711],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,48708,3492],{},[15,48710,3560],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,48713,48714,48715,48717,48718,48720],{},"In many cases, ",[15,48716,44677],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,48719,2190],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[39,48722,3497],{"id":3496},[44,48724,48726],{"className":46,"code":48725,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,48727,48728,48736,48740,48761],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48729,48730,48732,48734],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48731,2335],{"class":59},[53,48733,31],{"class":63},[53,48735,2472],{"class":70},[53,48737,48738],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,48739,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,48741,48742,48744,48746,48749,48751,48753,48755,48757,48759],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,48743,145],{"class":144},[53,48745,127],{"class":66},[53,48747,48748],{"class":144},"isinstance",[53,48750,127],{"class":66},[53,48752,2360],{"class":102},[53,48754,74],{"class":66},[53,48756,45148],{"class":1704},[53,48758,5245],{"class":66},[53,48760,43727],{"class":156},[53,48762,48763,48765,48767,48769,48771,48773,48775,48778,48780],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,48764,145],{"class":144},[53,48766,127],{"class":66},[53,48768,48748],{"class":144},[53,48770,127],{"class":66},[53,48772,2360],{"class":102},[53,48774,74],{"class":66},[53,48776,48777],{"class":1704}," str",[53,48779,5245],{"class":66},[53,48781,43744],{"class":156},[20,48783,174,48784,48787],{},[15,48785,48786],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[39,48789,184,48791,187],{"id":48790},"what-isinstance-does",[15,48792,44677],{},[20,48794,48795,48797],{},[15,48796,44677],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,48799,48800],{},"It:",[194,48802,48803,48806,48812,48815],{},[197,48804,48805],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[197,48807,11312,48808,2765,48810],{},[15,48809,3492],{},[15,48811,3560],{},[197,48813,48814],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[197,48816,48817,48818,2076,48820,2076,48822,2076,48824,16942,48827],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,48819,3330],{},[15,48821,2075],{},[15,48823,7979],{},[15,48825,48826],{},"tuple",[15,48828,8708],{},[20,48830,48831],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,48833,48834],{},"For example, you might want to:",[194,48836,48837,48840,48843],{},[197,48838,48839],{},"loop through a list",[197,48841,48842],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[197,48844,48845],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,48847,48848,48849,2765,48852,99],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[758,48850,44669],{"href":48851},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[758,48853,48855],{"href":48854},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[39,48857,372],{"id":371},[20,48859,375],{},[44,48861,48863],{"className":46,"code":48862,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,48864,48865],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48866,48867,48869,48871,48873,48875,48878],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48868,48748],{"class":144},[53,48870,127],{"class":66},[53,48872,42270],{"class":1704},[53,48874,74],{"class":66},[53,48876,48877],{"class":102}," classinfo",[53,48879,133],{"class":66},[1327,48881,48883],{"id":48882},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[194,48885,48886,48891,48905],{},[197,48887,48888,48890],{},[15,48889,42270],{}," is the value you want to test",[197,48892,48893,48896,48897,2076,48899,2076,48901,2080,48903],{},[15,48894,48895],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,48898,2075],{},[15,48900,3330],{},[15,48902,7979],{},[15,48904,8708],{},[197,48906,48907,48908,2765,48910],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,48909,3492],{},[15,48911,3560],{},[20,48913,211],{},[44,48915,48917],{"className":46,"code":48916,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,48918,48919,48931,48935],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48920,48921,48923,48925,48927,48929],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48922,1672],{"class":59},[53,48924,31],{"class":63},[53,48926,240],{"class":228},[53,48928,11398],{"class":232},[53,48930,1682],{"class":228},[53,48932,48933],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,48934,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,48936,48937,48939,48941,48943,48945,48947,48949,48951],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,48938,145],{"class":144},[53,48940,127],{"class":66},[53,48942,48748],{"class":144},[53,48944,127],{"class":66},[53,48946,1710],{"class":102},[53,48948,74],{"class":66},[53,48950,48777],{"class":1704},[53,48952,1713],{"class":66},[20,48954,301],{},[44,48956,48957],{"className":46,"code":3868,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,48958,48959],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48960,48961],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48962,3868],{"class":3739},[39,48964,11364],{"id":11363},[20,48966,48967],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[1327,48969,48971],{"id":48970},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[44,48973,48975],{"className":46,"code":48974,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,48976,48977,48985,48989,49007],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48978,48979,48981,48983],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48980,2335],{"class":59},[53,48982,31],{"class":63},[53,48984,45097],{"class":70},[53,48986,48987],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,48988,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,48990,48991,48993,48995,48997,48999,49001,49003,49005],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,48992,145],{"class":144},[53,48994,127],{"class":66},[53,48996,48748],{"class":144},[53,48998,127],{"class":66},[53,49000,2360],{"class":102},[53,49002,74],{"class":66},[53,49004,45148],{"class":1704},[53,49006,1713],{"class":66},[53,49008,49009,49011,49013,49015,49017,49019,49021,49023],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,49010,145],{"class":144},[53,49012,127],{"class":66},[53,49014,48748],{"class":144},[53,49016,127],{"class":66},[53,49018,2360],{"class":102},[53,49020,74],{"class":66},[53,49022,48777],{"class":1704},[53,49024,1713],{"class":66},[20,49026,301],{},[44,49028,49029],{"className":46,"code":44045,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,49030,49031,49035],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49032,49033],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49034,3868],{"class":3739},[53,49036,49037],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,49038,3929],{"class":3739},[1327,49040,49042],{"id":49041},"check-text","Check text",[44,49044,49046],{"className":46,"code":49045,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,49047,49048,49060,49064,49082],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49049,49050,49052,49054,49056,49058],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49051,34561],{"class":59},[53,49053,31],{"class":63},[53,49055,240],{"class":228},[53,49057,3732],{"class":232},[53,49059,1682],{"class":228},[53,49061,49062],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,49063,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,49065,49066,49068,49070,49072,49074,49076,49078,49080],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,49067,145],{"class":144},[53,49069,127],{"class":66},[53,49071,48748],{"class":144},[53,49073,127],{"class":66},[53,49075,34582],{"class":102},[53,49077,74],{"class":66},[53,49079,48777],{"class":1704},[53,49081,1713],{"class":66},[53,49083,49084,49086,49088,49090,49092,49094,49096,49098],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,49085,145],{"class":144},[53,49087,127],{"class":66},[53,49089,48748],{"class":144},[53,49091,127],{"class":66},[53,49093,34582],{"class":102},[53,49095,74],{"class":66},[53,49097,45148],{"class":1704},[53,49099,1713],{"class":66},[20,49101,301],{},[44,49103,49104],{"className":46,"code":44045,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,49105,49106,49110],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49107,49108],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49109,3868],{"class":3739},[53,49111,49112],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,49113,3929],{"class":3739},[20,49115,49116,49117,49119],{},"In both examples, ",[15,49118,44677],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,49121,49122,49123,99],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[758,49124,49125],{"href":2849},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[39,49127,49129],{"id":49128},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,49131,49132],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,49134,49135],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[44,49137,49139],{"className":46,"code":49138,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,49140,49141,49150,49154,49178],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49142,49143,49145,49147],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49144,2335],{"class":59},[53,49146,31],{"class":63},[53,49148,49149],{"class":70}," 3.5\n",[53,49151,49152],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,49153,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,49155,49156,49158,49160,49162,49164,49166,49168,49170,49172,49174,49176],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,49157,145],{"class":144},[53,49159,127],{"class":66},[53,49161,48748],{"class":144},[53,49163,127],{"class":66},[53,49165,2360],{"class":102},[53,49167,74],{"class":66},[53,49169,9124],{"class":66},[53,49171,2075],{"class":1704},[53,49173,74],{"class":66},[53,49175,40128],{"class":1704},[53,49177,2799],{"class":66},[53,49179,49180,49182,49184,49186,49188,49190,49192,49194,49196,49198,49200],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,49181,145],{"class":144},[53,49183,127],{"class":66},[53,49185,48748],{"class":144},[53,49187,127],{"class":66},[53,49189,2360],{"class":102},[53,49191,74],{"class":66},[53,49193,9124],{"class":66},[53,49195,3330],{"class":1704},[53,49197,74],{"class":66},[53,49199,22429],{"class":1704},[53,49201,2799],{"class":66},[20,49203,301],{},[44,49205,49206],{"className":46,"code":44045,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,49207,49208,49212],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49209,49210],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49211,3868],{"class":3739},[53,49213,49214],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,49215,3929],{"class":3739},[20,49217,49218,49219,49221],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,49220,40709],{}," conditions.",[20,49223,8184],{},[44,49225,49227],{"className":46,"code":49226,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,49228,49229,49237,49241],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49230,49231,49233,49235],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49232,2335],{"class":59},[53,49234,31],{"class":63},[53,49236,49149],{"class":70},[53,49238,49239],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,49240,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,49242,49243,49245,49247,49249,49251,49253,49255,49257,49259,49261,49264,49266,49268,49270,49272,49274],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,49244,145],{"class":144},[53,49246,127],{"class":66},[53,49248,1705],{"class":1704},[53,49250,127],{"class":66},[53,49252,2360],{"class":102},[53,49254,153],{"class":66},[53,49256,6295],{"class":63},[53,49258,45148],{"class":1704},[53,49260,48108],{"class":3764},[53,49262,49263],{"class":1704}," type",[53,49265,127],{"class":66},[53,49267,2360],{"class":102},[53,49269,153],{"class":66},[53,49271,6295],{"class":63},[53,49273,40128],{"class":1704},[53,49275,133],{"class":66},[20,49277,49278],{},"you can write this:",[44,49280,49282],{"className":46,"code":49281,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49283,49284,49292,49296],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49285,49286,49288,49290],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49287,2335],{"class":59},[53,49289,31],{"class":63},[53,49291,49149],{"class":70},[53,49293,49294],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,49295,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,49297,49298,49300,49302,49304,49306,49308,49310,49312,49314,49316,49318],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,49299,145],{"class":144},[53,49301,127],{"class":66},[53,49303,48748],{"class":144},[53,49305,127],{"class":66},[53,49307,2360],{"class":102},[53,49309,74],{"class":66},[53,49311,9124],{"class":66},[53,49313,2075],{"class":1704},[53,49315,74],{"class":66},[53,49317,40128],{"class":1704},[53,49319,2799],{"class":66},[20,49321,49322],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[39,49324,49326,10474,49328],{"id":49325},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,49327,44677],{},[15,49329,2190],{},[20,49331,10479,49332,960,49334,49338],{},[15,49333,44677],{},[758,49335,49336],{"href":2187},[15,49337,2190],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[1327,49340,49342],{"id":49341},"typevalue-int",[15,49343,49344],{},"type(value) == int",[20,49346,49347],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[44,49349,49351],{"className":46,"code":49350,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,49352,49353,49361],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49354,49355,49357,49359],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49356,2335],{"class":59},[53,49358,31],{"class":63},[53,49360,2472],{"class":70},[53,49362,49363,49365,49367,49369,49371,49373,49375,49377,49379],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,49364,145],{"class":144},[53,49366,127],{"class":66},[53,49368,1705],{"class":1704},[53,49370,127],{"class":66},[53,49372,2360],{"class":102},[53,49374,153],{"class":66},[53,49376,6295],{"class":63},[53,49378,45148],{"class":1704},[53,49380,133],{"class":66},[1327,49382,49384],{"id":49383},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,49385,49386],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,49388,49389],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[44,49391,49393],{"className":46,"code":49392,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,49394,49395,49403],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49396,49397,49399,49401],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49398,2335],{"class":59},[53,49400,31],{"class":63},[53,49402,2472],{"class":70},[53,49404,49405,49407,49409,49411,49413,49415,49417,49419],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,49406,145],{"class":144},[53,49408,127],{"class":66},[53,49410,48748],{"class":144},[53,49412,127],{"class":66},[53,49414,2360],{"class":102},[53,49416,74],{"class":66},[53,49418,45148],{"class":1704},[53,49420,1713],{"class":66},[20,49422,49423,49424,49426],{},"For beginners, ",[15,49425,44677],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,49428,49429],{},"In everyday code:",[194,49431,49432,49437],{},[197,49433,39863,49434,49436],{},[15,49435,2190],{}," when you need the exact type",[197,49438,39863,49439,49441],{},[15,49440,44677],{}," when you want a practical type check",[39,49443,49445],{"id":49444},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,49447,49448,49449,99],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,49450,44677],{},[1327,49452,49454],{"id":49453},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[44,49456,49458],{"className":46,"code":49457,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,49459,49460,49478,49497,49509,49514,49532,49543,49547,49559,49563,49587],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49461,49462,49464,49467,49469,49471,49473,49476],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49463,34725],{"class":1954},[53,49465,49466],{"class":34728}," repeat_text",[53,49468,127],{"class":66},[53,49470,34582],{"class":37537},[53,49472,74],{"class":66},[53,49474,49475],{"class":37537}," count",[53,49477,8228],{"class":66},[53,49479,49480,49482,49484,49487,49489,49491,49493,49495],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,49481,6285],{"class":3764},[53,49483,7985],{"class":63},[53,49485,49486],{"class":144}," isinstance",[53,49488,127],{"class":66},[53,49490,34582],{"class":102},[53,49492,74],{"class":66},[53,49494,48777],{"class":1704},[53,49496,8228],{"class":66},[53,49498,49499,49502,49504,49507],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,49500,49501],{"class":3764},"        return",[53,49503,240],{"class":228},[53,49505,49506],{"class":232},"text must be a string",[53,49508,1682],{"class":228},[53,49510,49511],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,49512,49513],{"class":59},"    \n",[53,49515,49516,49518,49520,49522,49524,49526,49528,49530],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,49517,6285],{"class":3764},[53,49519,7985],{"class":63},[53,49521,49486],{"class":144},[53,49523,127],{"class":66},[53,49525,41131],{"class":102},[53,49527,74],{"class":66},[53,49529,45148],{"class":1704},[53,49531,8228],{"class":66},[53,49533,49534,49536,49538,49541],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,49535,49501],{"class":3764},[53,49537,240],{"class":228},[53,49539,49540],{"class":232},"count must be an integer",[53,49542,1682],{"class":228},[53,49544,49545],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,49546,49513],{"class":59},[53,49548,49549,49551,49554,49556],{"class":55,"line":6312},[53,49550,34736],{"class":3764},[53,49552,49553],{"class":59}," text ",[53,49555,39745],{"class":63},[53,49557,49558],{"class":59}," count\n",[53,49560,49561],{"class":55,"line":6318},[53,49562,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,49564,49565,49567,49569,49572,49574,49576,49579,49581,49583,49585],{"class":55,"line":6323},[53,49566,145],{"class":144},[53,49568,127],{"class":66},[53,49570,49571],{"class":102},"repeat_text",[53,49573,127],{"class":66},[53,49575,229],{"class":228},[53,49577,49578],{"class":232},"Hi ",[53,49580,229],{"class":228},[53,49582,74],{"class":66},[53,49584,82],{"class":70},[53,49586,1713],{"class":66},[53,49588,49589,49591,49593,49595,49597,49599,49601,49603,49605,49607,49609,49611],{"class":55,"line":11484},[53,49590,145],{"class":144},[53,49592,127],{"class":66},[53,49594,49571],{"class":102},[53,49596,127],{"class":66},[53,49598,229],{"class":228},[53,49600,49578],{"class":232},[53,49602,229],{"class":228},[53,49604,74],{"class":66},[53,49606,240],{"class":228},[53,49608,815],{"class":232},[53,49610,229],{"class":228},[53,49612,1713],{"class":66},[20,49614,301],{},[44,49616,49618],{"className":46,"code":49617,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,49619,49620,49625],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49621,49622],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49623,49624],{"class":59},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[53,49626,49627],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,49628,49629],{"class":59},"count must be an integer\n",[20,49631,49632],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[1327,49634,49636],{"id":49635},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[44,49638,49640],{"className":46,"code":49639,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,49641,49642,49674,49678,49694,49709,49726],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49643,49644,49646,49648,49650,49652,49654,49656,49658,49660,49662,49664,49666,49668,49670,49672],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49645,2335],{"class":59},[53,49647,31],{"class":63},[53,49649,67],{"class":66},[53,49651,229],{"class":228},[53,49653,758],{"class":232},[53,49655,229],{"class":228},[53,49657,74],{"class":66},[53,49659,240],{"class":228},[53,49661,1376],{"class":232},[53,49663,229],{"class":228},[53,49665,74],{"class":66},[53,49667,240],{"class":228},[53,49669,9628],{"class":232},[53,49671,229],{"class":228},[53,49673,85],{"class":66},[53,49675,49676],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,49677,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,49679,49680,49682,49684,49686,49688,49690,49692],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,49681,6884],{"class":3764},[53,49683,49486],{"class":144},[53,49685,127],{"class":66},[53,49687,2360],{"class":102},[53,49689,74],{"class":66},[53,49691,48777],{"class":1704},[53,49693,8228],{"class":66},[53,49695,49696,49698,49700,49702,49705,49707],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,49697,7954],{"class":144},[53,49699,127],{"class":66},[53,49701,229],{"class":228},[53,49703,49704],{"class":232},"This is text",[53,49706,229],{"class":228},[53,49708,133],{"class":66},[53,49710,49711,49714,49716,49718,49720,49722,49724],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,49712,49713],{"class":3764},"elif",[53,49715,49486],{"class":144},[53,49717,127],{"class":66},[53,49719,2360],{"class":102},[53,49721,74],{"class":66},[53,49723,22429],{"class":1704},[53,49725,8228],{"class":66},[53,49727,49728,49730,49732,49734,49737,49739],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,49729,7954],{"class":144},[53,49731,127],{"class":66},[53,49733,229],{"class":228},[53,49735,49736],{"class":232},"This is a list",[53,49738,229],{"class":228},[53,49740,133],{"class":66},[20,49742,301],{},[44,49744,49746],{"className":46,"code":49745,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"This is a list\n",[15,49747,49748],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49749,49750,49753,49755,49757],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49751,49752],{"class":59},"This ",[53,49754,12081],{"class":63},[53,49756,44416],{"class":59},[53,49758,49759],{"class":1704},"list\n",[1327,49761,49763],{"id":49762},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[44,49765,49767],{"className":46,"code":49766,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,49768,49769,49781,49785,49801,49815],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49770,49771,49773,49775,49777,49779],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49772,2335],{"class":59},[53,49774,31],{"class":63},[53,49776,240],{"class":228},[53,49778,46398],{"class":232},[53,49780,1682],{"class":228},[53,49782,49783],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,49784,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,49786,49787,49789,49791,49793,49795,49797,49799],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,49788,6884],{"class":3764},[53,49790,49486],{"class":144},[53,49792,127],{"class":66},[53,49794,2360],{"class":102},[53,49796,74],{"class":66},[53,49798,48777],{"class":1704},[53,49800,8228],{"class":66},[53,49802,49803,49805,49807,49809,49811,49813],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,49804,41762],{"class":59},[53,49806,31],{"class":63},[53,49808,45148],{"class":1704},[53,49810,127],{"class":66},[53,49812,2360],{"class":102},[53,49814,133],{"class":66},[53,49816,49817,49819,49821,49823],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,49818,7954],{"class":144},[53,49820,127],{"class":66},[53,49822,2127],{"class":102},[53,49824,133],{"class":66},[20,49826,301],{},[44,49828,49829],{"className":46,"code":46484,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,49830,49831],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49832,49833],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49834,46484],{"class":70},[20,49836,49837],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[1327,49839,49841],{"id":49840},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[44,49843,49845],{"className":46,"code":49844,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,49846,49847,49871,49875,49891],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49848,49849,49851,49853,49855,49857,49859,49861,49863,49865,49867,49869],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49850,2335],{"class":59},[53,49852,31],{"class":63},[53,49854,10379],{"class":66},[53,49856,229],{"class":228},[53,49858,1710],{"class":232},[53,49860,229],{"class":228},[53,49862,192],{"class":66},[53,49864,240],{"class":228},[53,49866,12765],{"class":232},[53,49868,229],{"class":228},[53,49870,9197],{"class":66},[53,49872,49873],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,49874,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,49876,49877,49879,49881,49883,49885,49887,49889],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,49878,6884],{"class":3764},[53,49880,49486],{"class":144},[53,49882,127],{"class":66},[53,49884,2360],{"class":102},[53,49886,74],{"class":66},[53,49888,9058],{"class":1704},[53,49890,8228],{"class":66},[53,49892,49893,49895,49897,49899,49901,49903,49905,49907],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,49894,7954],{"class":144},[53,49896,127],{"class":66},[53,49898,2360],{"class":102},[53,49900,311],{"class":66},[53,49902,229],{"class":228},[53,49904,1710],{"class":232},[53,49906,229],{"class":228},[53,49908,3777],{"class":66},[20,49910,301],{},[44,49912,49914],{"className":46,"code":49913,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Ana\n",[15,49915,49916],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49917,49918],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49919,49913],{"class":59},[20,49921,49922,49923,49925],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,49924,2892],{}," messages later.",[39,49927,1320],{"id":1319},[1327,49929,49931,49932,10980,49935],{"id":49930},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,49933,49934],{},"\"int\"",[15,49936,2075],{},[20,49938,16514],{},[44,49940,49942],{"className":46,"code":49941,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,49943,49944,49952],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49945,49946,49948,49950],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49947,2335],{"class":59},[53,49949,31],{"class":63},[53,49951,2472],{"class":70},[53,49953,49954,49956,49958,49960,49962,49964,49966,49968,49970,49972],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,49955,145],{"class":144},[53,49957,127],{"class":66},[53,49959,48748],{"class":144},[53,49961,127],{"class":66},[53,49963,2360],{"class":102},[53,49965,74],{"class":66},[53,49967,240],{"class":228},[53,49969,2075],{"class":232},[53,49971,229],{"class":228},[53,49973,1713],{"class":66},[20,49975,49976,49978],{},[15,49977,49934],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,49980,1015],{},[44,49982,49983],{"className":46,"code":49392,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,49984,49985,49993],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49986,49987,49989,49991],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49988,2335],{"class":59},[53,49990,31],{"class":63},[53,49992,2472],{"class":70},[53,49994,49995,49997,49999,50001,50003,50005,50007,50009],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,49996,145],{"class":144},[53,49998,127],{"class":66},[53,50000,48748],{"class":144},[53,50002,127],{"class":66},[53,50004,2360],{"class":102},[53,50006,74],{"class":66},[53,50008,45148],{"class":1704},[53,50010,1713],{"class":66},[1327,50012,50014],{"id":50013},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,50016,16514],{},[44,50018,50020],{"className":46,"code":50019,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,50021,50022,50030],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,50023,50024,50026,50028],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,50025,2335],{"class":59},[53,50027,31],{"class":63},[53,50029,34716],{"class":70},[53,50031,50032,50034,50036,50038,50040,50042,50044,50046,50048,50050,50052],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,50033,145],{"class":144},[53,50035,127],{"class":66},[53,50037,48748],{"class":144},[53,50039,127],{"class":66},[53,50041,2360],{"class":102},[53,50043,74],{"class":66},[53,50045,67],{"class":66},[53,50047,2075],{"class":1704},[53,50049,74],{"class":66},[53,50051,40128],{"class":1704},[53,50053,2886],{"class":66},[20,50055,50056],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,50058,1015],{},[44,50060,50062],{"className":46,"code":50061,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,50063,50064,50072],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,50065,50066,50068,50070],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,50067,2335],{"class":59},[53,50069,31],{"class":63},[53,50071,34716],{"class":70},[53,50073,50074,50076,50078,50080,50082,50084,50086,50088,50090,50092,50094],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,50075,145],{"class":144},[53,50077,127],{"class":66},[53,50079,48748],{"class":144},[53,50081,127],{"class":66},[53,50083,2360],{"class":102},[53,50085,74],{"class":66},[53,50087,9124],{"class":66},[53,50089,2075],{"class":1704},[53,50091,74],{"class":66},[53,50093,40128],{"class":1704},[53,50095,2799],{"class":66},[1327,50097,25644,50099,50101],{"id":50098},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,50100,44677],{}," converts a value",[20,50103,18781],{},[44,50105,50107],{"className":46,"code":50106,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,50108,50109,50122,50140,50144],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,50110,50111,50113,50115,50117,50120],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,50112,2335],{"class":59},[53,50114,31],{"class":63},[53,50116,240],{"class":228},[53,50118,50119],{"class":232},"123",[53,50121,1682],{"class":228},[53,50123,50124,50126,50128,50130,50132,50134,50136,50138],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,50125,2117],{"class":59},[53,50127,31],{"class":63},[53,50129,49486],{"class":144},[53,50131,127],{"class":66},[53,50133,2360],{"class":102},[53,50135,74],{"class":66},[53,50137,45148],{"class":1704},[53,50139,133],{"class":66},[53,50141,50142],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,50143,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,50145,50146,50148,50150,50152],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,50147,145],{"class":144},[53,50149,127],{"class":66},[53,50151,2152],{"class":102},[53,50153,133],{"class":66},[20,50155,301],{},[44,50157,50158],{"className":46,"code":3929,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,50159,50160],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,50161,50162],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,50163,3929],{"class":3739},[20,50165,50166,50167,50170,50171,50173],{},"This does not convert ",[15,50168,50169],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,50172,50119],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,50175,50176,50177,1408],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,50178,50179],{},"int(value)",[1327,50181,50183],{"id":50182},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,50185,50186,50188],{},[15,50187,44677],{}," does not modify anything.",[44,50190,50192],{"className":46,"code":50191,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,50193,50194,50206,50210,50228],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,50195,50196,50198,50200,50202,50204],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,50197,2335],{"class":59},[53,50199,31],{"class":63},[53,50201,240],{"class":228},[53,50203,13435],{"class":232},[53,50205,1682],{"class":228},[53,50207,50208],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,50209,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,50211,50212,50214,50216,50218,50220,50222,50224,50226],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,50213,145],{"class":144},[53,50215,127],{"class":66},[53,50217,48748],{"class":144},[53,50219,127],{"class":66},[53,50221,2360],{"class":102},[53,50223,74],{"class":66},[53,50225,48777],{"class":1704},[53,50227,1713],{"class":66},[53,50229,50230,50232,50234,50236],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,50231,145],{"class":144},[53,50233,127],{"class":66},[53,50235,2360],{"class":102},[53,50237,133],{"class":66},[20,50239,301],{},[44,50241,50243],{"className":46,"code":50242,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"True\n100\n",[15,50244,50245,50249],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,50246,50247],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,50248,3868],{"class":3739},[53,50250,50251],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,50252,47135],{"class":70},[20,50254,50255],{},"The value stays the same.",[39,50257,25812],{"id":25811},[20,50259,50260],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[44,50262,50264],{"className":46,"code":50263,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,50265,50266,50280,50298,50322],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,50267,50268,50270,50272,50274,50276,50278],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,50269,145],{"class":144},[53,50271,127],{"class":66},[53,50273,1705],{"class":1704},[53,50275,127],{"class":66},[53,50277,2360],{"class":102},[53,50279,1713],{"class":66},[53,50281,50282,50284,50286,50288,50290,50292,50294,50296],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,50283,145],{"class":144},[53,50285,127],{"class":66},[53,50287,48748],{"class":144},[53,50289,127],{"class":66},[53,50291,2360],{"class":102},[53,50293,74],{"class":66},[53,50295,45148],{"class":1704},[53,50297,1713],{"class":66},[53,50299,50300,50302,50304,50306,50308,50310,50312,50314,50316,50318,50320],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,50301,145],{"class":144},[53,50303,127],{"class":66},[53,50305,48748],{"class":144},[53,50307,127],{"class":66},[53,50309,2360],{"class":102},[53,50311,74],{"class":66},[53,50313,9124],{"class":66},[53,50315,2075],{"class":1704},[53,50317,74],{"class":66},[53,50319,40128],{"class":1704},[53,50321,2799],{"class":66},[53,50323,50324,50326,50328,50330,50332,50334],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,50325,145],{"class":144},[53,50327,127],{"class":66},[53,50329,41651],{"class":144},[53,50331,127],{"class":66},[53,50333,2360],{"class":102},[53,50335,1713],{"class":66},[20,50337,50338],{},"These can help when:",[194,50340,50341,50344,50349,50352],{},[197,50342,50343],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[197,50345,50346,50347],{},"you are getting a ",[15,50348,2892],{},[197,50350,50351],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[197,50353,50354,50355,50357],{},"the second argument to ",[15,50356,44677],{}," is invalid",[20,50359,50360],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[194,50362,50363,50377,50383,50388],{},[197,50364,50365,50366,2765,50369,50372,50373,2765,50375],{},"using ",[15,50367,50368],{},"'int'",[15,50370,50371],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,50374,2075],{},[15,50376,3330],{},[197,50378,50379,50380,50382],{},"expecting ",[15,50381,44677],{}," to convert a value",[197,50384,50365,50385,50387],{},[15,50386,2190],{}," when inherited types should also match",[197,50389,50390],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,50392,50393,50394,99],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[758,50395,50397,50398],{"href":50396},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,50399,50400],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[39,50402,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,50404,5025,50406,5028],{"id":50405},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,50407,44677],{},[20,50409,5031,50410,50412,50413,99],{},[15,50411,3492],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,50414,3560],{},[1327,50416,5053,50418,50420],{"id":50417},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,50419,44677],{}," check more than one type?",[20,50422,50423,50424,99],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,50425,50426],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[1327,50428,1739,50430,960,50432,1744],{"id":50429},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,50431,44677],{},[15,50433,2190],{},[20,50435,50436,50438,50439,50441],{},[15,50437,2190],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,50440,44677],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[1327,50443,1729,50445,50447],{"id":50444},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,50446,44677],{}," convert a value?",[20,50449,50450],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[39,50452,1788],{"id":1787},[194,50454,50455,50461,50465,50470,50475],{},[197,50456,50457],{},[758,50458,3463,50459,3396],{"href":2187},[15,50460,2190],{},[197,50462,50463],{},[758,50464,44669],{"href":48851},[197,50466,50467],{},[758,50468,50469],{"href":2849},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[197,50471,50472],{},[758,50473,50474],{"href":48854},"What is a data type in Python?",[197,50476,50477],{},[758,50478,50397,50479],{"href":50396},[15,50480,50400],{},[1817,50482,50483],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":50485},[50486,50487,50489,50492,50496,50497,50502,50508,50516,50517,50527],{"id":3496,"depth":88,"text":3497},{"id":48790,"depth":88,"text":50488},"What isinstance() does",{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372,"children":50490},[50491],{"id":48882,"depth":109,"text":48883},{"id":11363,"depth":88,"text":11364,"children":50493},[50494,50495],{"id":48970,"depth":109,"text":48971},{"id":49041,"depth":109,"text":49042},{"id":49128,"depth":88,"text":49129},{"id":49325,"depth":88,"text":50498,"children":50499},"isinstance() vs type()",[50500,50501],{"id":49341,"depth":109,"text":49344},{"id":49383,"depth":109,"text":49386},{"id":49444,"depth":88,"text":49445,"children":50503},[50504,50505,50506,50507],{"id":49453,"depth":109,"text":49454},{"id":49635,"depth":109,"text":49636},{"id":49762,"depth":109,"text":49763},{"id":49840,"depth":109,"text":49841},{"id":1319,"depth":88,"text":1320,"children":50509},[50510,50512,50513,50515],{"id":49930,"depth":109,"text":50511},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":50013,"depth":109,"text":50014},{"id":50098,"depth":109,"text":50514},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50182,"depth":109,"text":50183},{"id":25811,"depth":88,"text":25812},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":50518},[50519,50521,50523,50525],{"id":50405,"depth":109,"text":50520},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50417,"depth":109,"text":50522},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50429,"depth":109,"text":50524},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50444,"depth":109,"text":50526},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48691,"description":50528},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50534,"title":50535,"body":50536,"description":52507,"extension":1853,"meta":52508,"navigation":112,"path":52509,"seo":52510,"stem":52511,"__hash__":52512},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50537,"toc":52482},[50538,50541,50546,50551,50565,50568,50570,50645,50650,50654,50659,50662,50676,50678,50843,50855,50857,50859,50874,50877,50880,50893,50895,50993,50997,51003,51006,51015,51017,51052,51057,51078,51083,51088,51120,51123,51180,51184,51190,51193,51246,51248,51288,51291,51359,51362,51413,51420,51424,51430,51515,51521,51527,51576,51579,51582,51632,51634,51639,51643,51693,51697,51744,51748,51825,51829,51894,51897,51901,51906,51911,51923,51925,51944,51950,51953,51972,51977,52004,52011,52015,52021,52024,52119,52122,52125,52174,52179,52181,52185,52220,52223,52280,52290,52293,52327,52330,52332,52336,52339,52343,52346,52350,52353,52357,52370,52374,52379,52381,52431,52443,52445,52479],[10,50539,50535],{"id":50540},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50542,9010,50543,50545],{},[15,50544,42232],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50547,35280,50548,50550],{},[15,50549,42232],{}," to count:",[194,50552,50553,50556,50559,50562],{},[197,50554,50555],{},"characters in a string",[197,50557,50558],{},"items in a list or tuple",[197,50560,50561],{},"keys in a dictionary",[197,50563,50564],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50566,50567],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[39,50569,42],{"id":41},[44,50571,50573],{"className":46,"code":50572,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50574,50575,50587,50607,50611,50628],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,50576,50577,50579,50581,50583,50585],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,50578,34561],{"class":59},[53,50580,31],{"class":63},[53,50582,240],{"class":228},[53,50584,3732],{"class":232},[53,50586,1682],{"class":228},[53,50588,50589,50591,50593,50595,50597,50599,50601,50603,50605],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,50590,7667],{"class":59},[53,50592,31],{"class":63},[53,50594,67],{"class":66},[53,50596,1188],{"class":70},[53,50598,74],{"class":66},[53,50600,1193],{"class":70},[53,50602,74],{"class":66},[53,50604,1198],{"class":70},[53,50606,85],{"class":66},[53,50608,50609],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,50610,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,50612,50613,50615,50617,50619,50621,50623,50625],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,50614,145],{"class":144},[53,50616,127],{"class":66},[53,50618,11050],{"class":144},[53,50620,127],{"class":66},[53,50622,34582],{"class":102},[53,50624,5245],{"class":66},[53,50626,50627],{"class":156},"   # 5\n",[53,50629,50630,50632,50634,50636,50638,50640,50642],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,50631,145],{"class":144},[53,50633,127],{"class":66},[53,50635,11050],{"class":144},[53,50637,127],{"class":66},[53,50639,7696],{"class":102},[53,50641,5245],{"class":66},[53,50643,50644],{"class":156},"  # 3\n",[20,50646,174,50647,50649],{},[15,50648,42232],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[39,50651,50653],{"id":50652},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,50655,50656,50658],{},[15,50657,42232],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,50660,50661],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[194,50663,50664,50667,50670,50673],{},[197,50665,50666],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[197,50668,50669],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[197,50671,50672],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[197,50674,50675],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,50677,211],{},[44,50679,50681],{"className":46,"code":50680,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,50682,50683,50695,50719,50751,50771,50775,50792,50809,50826],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,50684,50685,50687,50689,50691,50693],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,50686,1672],{"class":59},[53,50688,31],{"class":63},[53,50690,240],{"class":228},[53,50692,7564],{"class":232},[53,50694,1682],{"class":228},[53,50696,50697,50699,50701,50703,50705,50707,50709,50711,50713,50715,50717],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,50698,60],{"class":59},[53,50700,31],{"class":63},[53,50702,67],{"class":66},[53,50704,1188],{"class":70},[53,50706,74],{"class":66},[53,50708,1193],{"class":70},[53,50710,74],{"class":66},[53,50712,1198],{"class":70},[53,50714,74],{"class":66},[53,50716,1287],{"class":70},[53,50718,85],{"class":66},[53,50720,50721,50723,50725,50727,50729,50731,50733,50735,50737,50739,50741,50743,50745,50747,50749],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,50722,9053],{"class":59},[53,50724,31],{"class":63},[53,50726,10379],{"class":66},[53,50728,229],{"class":228},[53,50730,758],{"class":232},[53,50732,229],{"class":228},[53,50734,192],{"class":66},[53,50736,5382],{"class":70},[53,50738,74],{"class":66},[53,50740,240],{"class":228},[53,50742,1376],{"class":232},[53,50744,229],{"class":228},[53,50746,192],{"class":66},[53,50748,77],{"class":70},[53,50750,9197],{"class":66},[53,50752,50753,50755,50757,50759,50761,50763,50765,50767,50769],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,50754,3709],{"class":59},[53,50756,31],{"class":63},[53,50758,10379],{"class":66},[53,50760,2024],{"class":70},[53,50762,74],{"class":66},[53,50764,37518],{"class":70},[53,50766,74],{"class":66},[53,50768,5879],{"class":70},[53,50770,9197],{"class":66},[53,50772,50773],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,50774,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,50776,50777,50779,50781,50783,50785,50787,50789],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,50778,145],{"class":144},[53,50780,127],{"class":66},[53,50782,11050],{"class":144},[53,50784,127],{"class":66},[53,50786,1710],{"class":102},[53,50788,5245],{"class":66},[53,50790,50791],{"class":156},"     # 3\n",[53,50793,50794,50796,50798,50800,50802,50804,50806],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,50795,145],{"class":144},[53,50797,127],{"class":66},[53,50799,11050],{"class":144},[53,50801,127],{"class":66},[53,50803,150],{"class":102},[53,50805,5245],{"class":66},[53,50807,50808],{"class":156},"  # 4\n",[53,50810,50811,50813,50815,50817,50819,50821,50823],{"class":55,"line":6312},[53,50812,145],{"class":144},[53,50814,127],{"class":66},[53,50816,11050],{"class":144},[53,50818,127],{"class":66},[53,50820,9092],{"class":102},[53,50822,5245],{"class":66},[53,50824,50825],{"class":156},"     # 2\n",[53,50827,50828,50830,50832,50834,50836,50838,50840],{"class":55,"line":6318},[53,50829,145],{"class":144},[53,50831,127],{"class":66},[53,50833,11050],{"class":144},[53,50835,127],{"class":66},[53,50837,5242],{"class":102},[53,50839,5245],{"class":66},[53,50841,50842],{"class":156},"   # 3\n",[20,50844,50845,50846,2076,50850,16942,50853,99],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[758,50847,50849],{"href":50848},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[758,50851,50852],{"href":760},"Python lists explained",[758,50854,9043],{"href":9042},[39,50856,372],{"id":371},[20,50858,375],{},[44,50860,50862],{"className":46,"code":50861,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"len(object)\n",[15,50863,50864],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,50865,50866,50868,50870,50872],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,50867,11050],{"class":144},[53,50869,127],{"class":66},[53,50871,42270],{"class":1704},[53,50873,133],{"class":66},[20,50875,50876],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,50878,50879],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[194,50881,50882,50884,50886,50888,50890],{},[197,50883,37782],{},[197,50885,37776],{},[197,50887,37779],{},[197,50889,37785],{},[197,50891,50892],{},"a dictionary",[20,50894,211],{},[44,50896,50898],{"className":46,"code":50897,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,50899,50900,50921,50945,50967],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,50901,50902,50904,50906,50908,50910,50912,50914,50916,50918],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,50903,145],{"class":144},[53,50905,127],{"class":66},[53,50907,11050],{"class":144},[53,50909,127],{"class":66},[53,50911,229],{"class":228},[53,50913,48],{"class":232},[53,50915,229],{"class":228},[53,50917,5245],{"class":66},[53,50919,50920],{"class":156},"      # 6\n",[53,50922,50923,50925,50927,50929,50931,50933,50935,50937,50939,50941,50943],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,50924,145],{"class":144},[53,50926,127],{"class":66},[53,50928,11050],{"class":144},[53,50930,2873],{"class":66},[53,50932,71],{"class":70},[53,50934,74],{"class":66},[53,50936,77],{"class":70},[53,50938,74],{"class":66},[53,50940,82],{"class":70},[53,50942,4621],{"class":66},[53,50944,50791],{"class":156},[53,50946,50947,50949,50951,50953,50955,50957,50959,50961,50964],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,50948,145],{"class":144},[53,50950,127],{"class":66},[53,50952,11050],{"class":144},[53,50954,5395],{"class":66},[53,50956,1188],{"class":70},[53,50958,74],{"class":66},[53,50960,1193],{"class":70},[53,50962,50963],{"class":66},")))",[53,50965,50966],{"class":156},"      # 2\n",[53,50968,50969,50971,50973,50975,50977,50979,50981,50983,50985,50987,50990],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,50970,145],{"class":144},[53,50972,127],{"class":66},[53,50974,11050],{"class":144},[53,50976,5414],{"class":66},[53,50978,229],{"class":228},[53,50980,2060],{"class":232},[53,50982,229],{"class":228},[53,50984,192],{"class":66},[53,50986,5382],{"class":70},[53,50988,50989],{"class":66},"}))",[53,50991,50992],{"class":156},"      # 1\n",[39,50994,50996],{"id":50995},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,50998,50999,51000,51002],{},"When you use ",[15,51001,42232],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,51004,51005],{},"That includes:",[194,51007,51008,51010,51012],{},[197,51009,36019],{},[197,51011,10340],{},[197,51013,51014],{},"punctuation",[20,51016,211],{},[44,51018,51020],{"className":46,"code":51019,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,51021,51022,51035],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51023,51024,51026,51028,51030,51033],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51025,34561],{"class":59},[53,51027,31],{"class":63},[53,51029,240],{"class":228},[53,51031,51032],{"class":232},"Hi there!",[53,51034,1682],{"class":228},[53,51036,51037,51039,51041,51043,51045,51047,51049],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,51038,145],{"class":144},[53,51040,127],{"class":66},[53,51042,11050],{"class":144},[53,51044,127],{"class":66},[53,51046,34582],{"class":102},[53,51048,5245],{"class":66},[53,51050,51051],{"class":156},"  # 9\n",[20,51053,51054,51055,1744],{},"Why is the result ",[15,51056,2032],{},[194,51058,51059,51065,51069,51072],{},[197,51060,51061,51064],{},[15,51062,51063],{},"H"," = 1",[197,51066,51067,51064],{},[15,51068,36030],{},[197,51070,51071],{},"space = 1",[197,51073,51074,51077],{},[15,51075,51076],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,51079,51080,51081],{},"Total: ",[15,51082,2032],{},[20,51084,51085,51086,192],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,51087,852],{},[44,51089,51091],{"className":46,"code":51090,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,51092,51093,51102],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51094,51095,51098,51100],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51096,51097],{"class":59},"empty_text ",[53,51099,31],{"class":63},[53,51101,7766],{"class":228},[53,51103,51104,51106,51108,51110,51112,51115,51117],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,51105,145],{"class":144},[53,51107,127],{"class":66},[53,51109,11050],{"class":144},[53,51111,127],{"class":66},[53,51113,51114],{"class":102},"empty_text",[53,51116,5245],{"class":66},[53,51118,51119],{"class":156},"  # 0\n",[20,51121,51122],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[44,51124,51126],{"className":46,"code":51125,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,51127,51128,51141,51145,51165],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51129,51130,51133,51135,51137,51139],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51131,51132],{"class":59},"user_name ",[53,51134,31],{"class":63},[53,51136,240],{"class":228},[53,51138,1679],{"class":232},[53,51140,1682],{"class":228},[53,51142,51143],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,51144,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,51146,51147,51149,51151,51153,51156,51158,51161,51163],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,51148,6884],{"class":3764},[53,51150,38260],{"class":144},[53,51152,127],{"class":66},[53,51154,51155],{"class":102},"user_name",[53,51157,153],{"class":66},[53,51159,51160],{"class":63}," >=",[53,51162,82],{"class":70},[53,51164,6280],{"class":66},[53,51166,51167,51169,51171,51173,51176,51178],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,51168,7954],{"class":144},[53,51170,127],{"class":66},[53,51172,229],{"class":228},[53,51174,51175],{"class":232},"Name is long enough",[53,51177,229],{"class":228},[53,51179,133],{"class":66},[39,51181,51183],{"id":51182},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,51185,51186,51187,51189],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,51188,42232],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,51191,51192],{},"Example with a list:",[44,51194,51196],{"className":46,"code":51195,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,51197,51198,51230],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51199,51200,51202,51204,51206,51208,51210,51212,51214,51216,51218,51220,51222,51224,51226,51228],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51201,1025],{"class":59},[53,51203,31],{"class":63},[53,51205,67],{"class":66},[53,51207,229],{"class":228},[53,51209,1034],{"class":232},[53,51211,229],{"class":228},[53,51213,74],{"class":66},[53,51215,240],{"class":228},[53,51217,17324],{"class":232},[53,51219,229],{"class":228},[53,51221,74],{"class":66},[53,51223,240],{"class":228},[53,51225,1043],{"class":232},[53,51227,229],{"class":228},[53,51229,85],{"class":66},[53,51231,51232,51234,51236,51238,51240,51242,51244],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,51233,145],{"class":144},[53,51235,127],{"class":66},[53,51237,11050],{"class":144},[53,51239,127],{"class":66},[53,51241,1115],{"class":102},[53,51243,5245],{"class":66},[53,51245,50644],{"class":156},[20,51247,37791],{},[44,51249,51251],{"className":46,"code":51250,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,51252,51253,51270],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51254,51255,51258,51260,51262,51264,51266,51268],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51256,51257],{"class":59},"point ",[53,51259,31],{"class":63},[53,51261,9124],{"class":66},[53,51263,1188],{"class":70},[53,51265,74],{"class":66},[53,51267,1193],{"class":70},[53,51269,133],{"class":66},[53,51271,51272,51274,51276,51278,51280,51283,51285],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,51273,145],{"class":144},[53,51275,127],{"class":66},[53,51277,11050],{"class":144},[53,51279,127],{"class":66},[53,51281,51282],{"class":102},"point",[53,51284,5245],{"class":66},[53,51286,51287],{"class":156},"  # 2\n",[20,51289,51290],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[44,51292,51294],{"className":46,"code":51293,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,51295,51296,51320,51324,51342],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51297,51298,51300,51302,51304,51306,51308,51310,51312,51314,51316,51318],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51299,7667],{"class":59},[53,51301,31],{"class":63},[53,51303,67],{"class":66},[53,51305,229],{"class":228},[53,51307,233],{"class":232},[53,51309,229],{"class":228},[53,51311,74],{"class":66},[53,51313,240],{"class":228},[53,51315,243],{"class":232},[53,51317,229],{"class":228},[53,51319,85],{"class":66},[53,51321,51322],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,51323,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,51325,51326,51328,51330,51332,51334,51336,51338,51340],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,51327,6884],{"class":3764},[53,51329,38260],{"class":144},[53,51331,127],{"class":66},[53,51333,7696],{"class":102},[53,51335,153],{"class":66},[53,51337,38270],{"class":63},[53,51339,5382],{"class":70},[53,51341,6280],{"class":66},[53,51343,51344,51346,51348,51350,51352,51354,51356],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,51345,7954],{"class":144},[53,51347,127],{"class":66},[53,51349,7696],{"class":102},[53,51351,311],{"class":66},[53,51353,71],{"class":70},[53,51355,20314],{"class":66},[53,51357,51358],{"class":156},"  # banana\n",[20,51360,51361],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[44,51363,51365],{"className":46,"code":51364,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,51366,51367,51390],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51368,51369,51371,51373,51375,51378,51380,51383,51385,51388],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51370,1181],{"class":59},[53,51372,31],{"class":63},[53,51374,67],{"class":66},[53,51376,51377],{"class":70},"88",[53,51379,74],{"class":66},[53,51381,51382],{"class":70}," 91",[53,51384,74],{"class":66},[53,51386,51387],{"class":70}," 75",[53,51389,85],{"class":66},[53,51391,51392,51394,51396,51398,51401,51403,51405,51407,51409,51411],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,51393,145],{"class":144},[53,51395,127],{"class":66},[53,51397,229],{"class":228},[53,51399,51400],{"class":232},"Number of scores:",[53,51402,229],{"class":228},[53,51404,74],{"class":66},[53,51406,38260],{"class":144},[53,51408,127],{"class":66},[53,51410,1225],{"class":102},[53,51412,1713],{"class":66},[20,51414,51415,51416,99],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[758,51417,51419],{"href":51418},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[39,51421,51423],{"id":51422},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,51425,51426,51427,51429],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,51428,42232],{}," counts keys.",[44,51431,51433],{"className":46,"code":51432,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,51434,51435,51443,51461,51475,51491,51495,51499],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51436,51437,51439,51441],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51438,12748],{"class":59},[53,51440,31],{"class":63},[53,51442,11382],{"class":66},[53,51444,51445,51447,51449,51451,51453,51455,51457,51459],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,51446,11387],{"class":228},[53,51448,1710],{"class":232},[53,51450,229],{"class":228},[53,51452,192],{"class":66},[53,51454,240],{"class":228},[53,51456,7806],{"class":232},[53,51458,229],{"class":228},[53,51460,11403],{"class":66},[53,51462,51463,51465,51467,51469,51471,51473],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,51464,11387],{"class":228},[53,51466,9187],{"class":232},[53,51468,229],{"class":228},[53,51470,192],{"class":66},[53,51472,30815],{"class":70},[53,51474,11403],{"class":66},[53,51476,51477,51479,51481,51483,51485,51487,51489],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,51478,11387],{"class":228},[53,51480,19759],{"class":232},[53,51482,229],{"class":228},[53,51484,192],{"class":66},[53,51486,240],{"class":228},[53,51488,22114],{"class":232},[53,51490,1682],{"class":228},[53,51492,51493],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,51494,9197],{"class":66},[53,51496,51497],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,51498,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,51500,51501,51503,51505,51507,51509,51511,51513],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,51502,145],{"class":144},[53,51504,127],{"class":66},[53,51506,11050],{"class":144},[53,51508,127],{"class":66},[53,51510,13503],{"class":102},[53,51512,5245],{"class":66},[53,51514,50644],{"class":156},[20,51516,51517,51518,51520],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51519,42232],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51522,51523,51524,51526],{},"For sets, ",[15,51525,42232],{}," counts unique items:",[44,51528,51530],{"className":46,"code":51529,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51531,51532,51560],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51533,51534,51536,51538,51540,51542,51544,51546,51548,51550,51552,51554,51556,51558],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51535,60],{"class":59},[53,51537,31],{"class":63},[53,51539,10379],{"class":66},[53,51541,71],{"class":70},[53,51543,74],{"class":66},[53,51545,77],{"class":70},[53,51547,74],{"class":66},[53,51549,82],{"class":70},[53,51551,74],{"class":66},[53,51553,82],{"class":70},[53,51555,74],{"class":66},[53,51557,77],{"class":70},[53,51559,9197],{"class":66},[53,51561,51562,51564,51566,51568,51570,51572,51574],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,51563,145],{"class":144},[53,51565,127],{"class":66},[53,51567,11050],{"class":144},[53,51569,127],{"class":66},[53,51571,150],{"class":102},[53,51573,5245],{"class":66},[53,51575,50644],{"class":156},[20,51577,51578],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51580,51581],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[44,51583,51585],{"className":46,"code":51584,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51586,51587,51595,51599,51617],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51588,51589,51591,51593],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51590,9053],{"class":59},[53,51592,31],{"class":63},[53,51594,9727],{"class":66},[53,51596,51597],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,51598,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,51600,51601,51603,51605,51607,51609,51611,51613,51615],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,51602,6884],{"class":3764},[53,51604,38260],{"class":144},[53,51606,127],{"class":66},[53,51608,9092],{"class":102},[53,51610,153],{"class":66},[53,51612,6295],{"class":63},[53,51614,3720],{"class":70},[53,51616,6280],{"class":66},[53,51618,51619,51621,51623,51625,51628,51630],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,51620,7954],{"class":144},[53,51622,127],{"class":66},[53,51624,229],{"class":228},[53,51626,51627],{"class":232},"The dictionary is empty",[53,51629,229],{"class":228},[53,51631,133],{"class":66},[39,51633,40917],{"id":40916},[20,51635,51636,51637,99],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,51638,42232],{},[1327,51640,51642],{"id":51641},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[44,51644,51646],{"className":46,"code":51645,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,51647,51648,51656,51660,51678],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51649,51650,51652,51654],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51651,7667],{"class":59},[53,51653,31],{"class":63},[53,51655,431],{"class":66},[53,51657,51658],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,51659,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,51661,51662,51664,51666,51668,51670,51672,51674,51676],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,51663,6884],{"class":3764},[53,51665,38260],{"class":144},[53,51667,127],{"class":66},[53,51669,7696],{"class":102},[53,51671,153],{"class":66},[53,51673,6295],{"class":63},[53,51675,3720],{"class":70},[53,51677,6280],{"class":66},[53,51679,51680,51682,51684,51686,51689,51691],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,51681,7954],{"class":144},[53,51683,127],{"class":66},[53,51685,229],{"class":228},[53,51687,51688],{"class":232},"The list is empty",[53,51690,229],{"class":228},[53,51692,133],{"class":66},[1327,51694,51696],{"id":51695},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[44,51698,51700],{"className":46,"code":51699,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,51701,51702,51721],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51703,51704,51706,51708,51710,51712,51714,51717,51719],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51705,6040],{"class":59},[53,51707,31],{"class":63},[53,51709,8128],{"class":144},[53,51711,127],{"class":66},[53,51713,229],{"class":228},[53,51715,51716],{"class":232},"Enter a word: ",[53,51718,229],{"class":228},[53,51720,133],{"class":66},[53,51722,51723,51725,51727,51729,51732,51734,51736,51738,51740,51742],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,51724,145],{"class":144},[53,51726,127],{"class":66},[53,51728,229],{"class":228},[53,51730,51731],{"class":232},"Number of characters:",[53,51733,229],{"class":228},[53,51735,74],{"class":66},[53,51737,38260],{"class":144},[53,51739,127],{"class":66},[53,51741,38265],{"class":102},[53,51743,1713],{"class":66},[1327,51745,51747],{"id":51746},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[44,51749,51751],{"className":46,"code":51750,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,51752,51753,51767,51771,51789,51804,51810],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51754,51755,51758,51760,51762,51765],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51756,51757],{"class":59},"password ",[53,51759,31],{"class":63},[53,51761,240],{"class":228},[53,51763,51764],{"class":232},"secret123",[53,51766,1682],{"class":228},[53,51768,51769],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,51770,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,51772,51773,51775,51777,51779,51781,51783,51785,51787],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,51774,6884],{"class":3764},[53,51776,38260],{"class":144},[53,51778,127],{"class":66},[53,51780,17489],{"class":102},[53,51782,153],{"class":66},[53,51784,51160],{"class":63},[53,51786,6246],{"class":70},[53,51788,6280],{"class":66},[53,51790,51791,51793,51795,51797,51800,51802],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,51792,7954],{"class":144},[53,51794,127],{"class":66},[53,51796,229],{"class":228},[53,51798,51799],{"class":232},"Password length is valid",[53,51801,229],{"class":228},[53,51803,133],{"class":66},[53,51805,51806,51808],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,51807,27304],{"class":3764},[53,51809,6280],{"class":66},[53,51811,51812,51814,51816,51818,51821,51823],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,51813,7954],{"class":144},[53,51815,127],{"class":66},[53,51817,229],{"class":228},[53,51819,51820],{"class":232},"Password is too short",[53,51822,229],{"class":228},[53,51824,133],{"class":66},[1327,51826,51828],{"id":51827},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[44,51830,51832],{"className":46,"code":51831,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,51833,51834,51870],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51835,51836,51839,51841,51843,51845,51848,51850,51852,51854,51857,51859,51861,51863,51866,51868],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51837,51838],{"class":59},"results ",[53,51840,31],{"class":63},[53,51842,67],{"class":66},[53,51844,229],{"class":228},[53,51846,51847],{"class":232},"item1",[53,51849,229],{"class":228},[53,51851,74],{"class":66},[53,51853,240],{"class":228},[53,51855,51856],{"class":232},"item2",[53,51858,229],{"class":228},[53,51860,74],{"class":66},[53,51862,240],{"class":228},[53,51864,51865],{"class":232},"item3",[53,51867,229],{"class":228},[53,51869,85],{"class":66},[53,51871,51872,51874,51876,51878,51881,51883,51885,51887,51889,51892],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,51873,145],{"class":144},[53,51875,127],{"class":66},[53,51877,229],{"class":228},[53,51879,51880],{"class":232},"Items found:",[53,51882,229],{"class":228},[53,51884,74],{"class":66},[53,51886,38260],{"class":144},[53,51888,127],{"class":66},[53,51890,51891],{"class":102},"results",[53,51893,1713],{"class":66},[20,51895,51896],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[39,51898,51900],{"id":51899},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,51902,51903,51905],{},[15,51904,42232],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,51907,51908,51909,192],{},"These will raise a ",[15,51910,2892],{},[194,51912,51913,51916,51919],{},[197,51914,51915],{},"plain integers",[197,51917,51918],{},"floats",[197,51920,51921],{},[15,51922,3664],{},[20,51924,211],{},[44,51926,51928],{"className":46,"code":51927,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(len(5))\n",[15,51929,51930],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51931,51932,51934,51936,51938,51940,51942],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51933,145],{"class":144},[53,51935,127],{"class":66},[53,51937,11050],{"class":144},[53,51939,127],{"class":66},[53,51941,2024],{"class":70},[53,51943,1713],{"class":66},[20,51945,51946,51947,51949],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,51948,2024],{}," does not have a length.",[20,51951,51952],{},"Another example:",[44,51954,51956],{"className":46,"code":51955,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,51957,51958],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51959,51960,51962,51964,51966,51968,51970],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51961,145],{"class":144},[53,51963,127],{"class":66},[53,51965,11050],{"class":144},[53,51967,127],{"class":66},[53,51969,40016],{"class":70},[53,51971,1713],{"class":66},[20,51973,51974,51975,192],{},"And with ",[15,51976,3664],{},[44,51978,51980],{"className":46,"code":51979,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,51981,51982,51990],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51983,51984,51986,51988],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51985,2335],{"class":59},[53,51987,31],{"class":63},[53,51989,48400],{"class":3739},[53,51991,51992,51994,51996,51998,52000,52002],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,51993,145],{"class":144},[53,51995,127],{"class":66},[53,51997,11050],{"class":144},[53,51999,127],{"class":66},[53,52001,2360],{"class":102},[53,52003,1713],{"class":66},[20,52005,52006,52007,99],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[758,52008,52010],{"href":52009},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[39,52012,52014],{"id":52013},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,52016,52017,52018,52020],{},"Before using ",[15,52019,42232],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,52022,52023],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[44,52025,52027],{"className":46,"code":52026,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,52028,52029,52037,52041,52051,52065,52083,52101],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,52030,52031,52033,52035],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,52032,2335],{"class":59},[53,52034,31],{"class":63},[53,52036,48400],{"class":3739},[53,52038,52039],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,52040,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,52042,52043,52045,52047,52049],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,52044,145],{"class":144},[53,52046,127],{"class":66},[53,52048,2360],{"class":102},[53,52050,133],{"class":66},[53,52052,52053,52055,52057,52059,52061,52063],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,52054,145],{"class":144},[53,52056,127],{"class":66},[53,52058,1705],{"class":1704},[53,52060,127],{"class":66},[53,52062,2360],{"class":102},[53,52064,1713],{"class":66},[53,52066,52067,52069,52071,52073,52075,52077,52079,52081],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,52068,145],{"class":144},[53,52070,127],{"class":66},[53,52072,48748],{"class":144},[53,52074,127],{"class":66},[53,52076,2360],{"class":102},[53,52078,74],{"class":66},[53,52080,48777],{"class":1704},[53,52082,1713],{"class":66},[53,52084,52085,52087,52089,52091,52093,52095,52097,52099],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,52086,145],{"class":144},[53,52088,127],{"class":66},[53,52090,48748],{"class":144},[53,52092,127],{"class":66},[53,52094,2360],{"class":102},[53,52096,74],{"class":66},[53,52098,22429],{"class":1704},[53,52100,1713],{"class":66},[53,52102,52103,52105,52107,52109,52111,52113,52115,52117],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,52104,145],{"class":144},[53,52106,127],{"class":66},[53,52108,48748],{"class":144},[53,52110,127],{"class":66},[53,52112,2360],{"class":102},[53,52114,74],{"class":66},[53,52116,9058],{"class":1704},[53,52118,1713],{"class":66},[20,52120,52121],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,52123,52124],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[44,52126,52128],{"className":46,"code":52127,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,52129,52130,52142,52146,52160],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,52131,52132,52134,52136,52138,52140],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,52133,2335],{"class":59},[53,52135,31],{"class":63},[53,52137,240],{"class":228},[53,52139,3732],{"class":232},[53,52141,1682],{"class":228},[53,52143,52144],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,52145,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,52147,52148,52150,52152,52154,52156,52158],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,52149,6884],{"class":3764},[53,52151,21453],{"class":59},[53,52153,12081],{"class":63},[53,52155,7985],{"class":63},[53,52157,3740],{"class":3739},[53,52159,6280],{"class":66},[53,52161,52162,52164,52166,52168,52170,52172],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,52163,7954],{"class":144},[53,52165,127],{"class":66},[53,52167,11050],{"class":144},[53,52169,127],{"class":66},[53,52171,2360],{"class":102},[53,52173,1713],{"class":66},[20,52175,52176,52177,99],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[758,52178,8328],{"href":2187},[39,52180,2716],{"id":2715},[20,52182,22964,52183,192],{},[15,52184,42232],{},[194,52186,52187,52195,52203,52211,52217],{},[197,52188,485,52189,52191,52192],{},[15,52190,42232],{}," on an integer like ",[15,52193,52194],{},"len(5)",[197,52196,485,52197,52199,52200],{},[15,52198,42232],{}," on a float like ",[15,52201,52202],{},"len(3.14)",[197,52204,485,52205,52207,52208,52210],{},[15,52206,42232],{}," on ",[15,52209,3664],{}," after a function returns nothing",[197,52212,4465,52213,52216],{},[15,52214,52215],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[197,52218,52219],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,52221,52222],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[44,52224,52226],{"className":46,"code":52225,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,52227,52228,52264],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,52229,52230,52232,52234,52236,52238,52240,52242,52244,52246,52248,52250,52252,52254,52256,52258,52260,52262],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,52231,13083],{"class":59},[53,52233,31],{"class":63},[53,52235,10379],{"class":66},[53,52237,229],{"class":228},[53,52239,1710],{"class":232},[53,52241,229],{"class":228},[53,52243,192],{"class":66},[53,52245,240],{"class":228},[53,52247,12765],{"class":232},[53,52249,229],{"class":228},[53,52251,74],{"class":66},[53,52253,240],{"class":228},[53,52255,9187],{"class":232},[53,52257,229],{"class":228},[53,52259,192],{"class":66},[53,52261,1193],{"class":70},[53,52263,9197],{"class":66},[53,52265,52266,52268,52270,52272,52274,52276,52278],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,52267,145],{"class":144},[53,52269,127],{"class":66},[53,52271,11050],{"class":144},[53,52273,127],{"class":66},[53,52275,17177],{"class":102},[53,52277,5245],{"class":66},[53,52279,51287],{"class":156},[20,52281,37469,52282,52284,52285,960,52287,99],{},[15,52283,1589],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,52286,15110],{},[15,52288,52289],{},"\"age\"",[20,52291,52292],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[44,52294,52296],{"className":46,"code":52295,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,52297,52298,52311],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,52299,52300,52302,52304,52306,52309],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,52301,34561],{"class":59},[53,52303,31],{"class":63},[53,52305,240],{"class":228},[53,52307,52308],{"class":232},"a b",[53,52310,1682],{"class":228},[53,52312,52313,52315,52317,52319,52321,52323,52325],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,52314,145],{"class":144},[53,52316,127],{"class":66},[53,52318,11050],{"class":144},[53,52320,127],{"class":66},[53,52322,34582],{"class":102},[53,52324,5245],{"class":66},[53,52326,50644],{"class":156},[20,52328,52329],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[39,52331,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,52333,52335],{"id":52334},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,52337,52338],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[1327,52340,52342],{"id":52341},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,52344,52345],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[1327,52347,52349],{"id":52348},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,52351,52352],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[1327,52354,52356],{"id":52355},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,52358,52359,52360,52362,52363,2765,52365,52367,52368,99],{},"No. Using ",[15,52361,42232],{}," on an ",[15,52364,2075],{},[15,52366,2079],{}," raises a ",[15,52369,2892],{},[1327,52371,52373],{"id":52372},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,52375,7650,52376,99],{},[15,52377,52378],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,52380,211],{},[44,52382,52384],{"className":46,"code":52383,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,52385,52386,52394,52398,52416],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,52387,52388,52390,52392],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,52389,8194],{"class":59},[53,52391,31],{"class":63},[53,52393,431],{"class":66},[53,52395,52396],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,52397,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,52399,52400,52402,52404,52406,52408,52410,52412,52414],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,52401,6884],{"class":3764},[53,52403,38260],{"class":144},[53,52405,127],{"class":66},[53,52407,8225],{"class":102},[53,52409,153],{"class":66},[53,52411,6295],{"class":63},[53,52413,3720],{"class":70},[53,52415,6280],{"class":66},[53,52417,52418,52420,52422,52424,52427,52429],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,52419,7954],{"class":144},[53,52421,127],{"class":66},[53,52423,229],{"class":228},[53,52425,52426],{"class":232},"Empty list",[53,52428,229],{"class":228},[53,52430,133],{"class":66},[20,52432,52433,52434,52436,52437,52439,52440,52442],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,52435,3560],{}," in an ",[15,52438,6884],{}," statement, but ",[15,52441,42232],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[39,52444,1788],{"id":1787},[194,52446,52447,52451,52455,52459,52464,52468,52474],{},[197,52448,52449],{},[758,52450,50849],{"href":50848},[197,52452,52453],{},[758,52454,50852],{"href":760},[197,52456,52457],{},[758,52458,9043],{"href":9042},[197,52460,52461],{},[758,52462,52463],{"href":51418},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[197,52465,52466],{},[758,52467,8328],{"href":2187},[197,52469,52470],{},[758,52471,52473],{"href":52472},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[197,52475,52476],{},[758,52477,52478],{"href":52009},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[1817,52480,52481],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":52483},[52484,52485,52486,52487,52488,52489,52490,52496,52497,52498,52499,52506],{"id":41,"depth":88,"text":42},{"id":50652,"depth":88,"text":50653},{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372},{"id":50995,"depth":88,"text":50996},{"id":51182,"depth":88,"text":51183},{"id":51422,"depth":88,"text":51423},{"id":40916,"depth":88,"text":40917,"children":52491},[52492,52493,52494,52495],{"id":51641,"depth":109,"text":51642},{"id":51695,"depth":109,"text":51696},{"id":51746,"depth":109,"text":51747},{"id":51827,"depth":109,"text":51828},{"id":51899,"depth":88,"text":51900},{"id":52013,"depth":88,"text":52014},{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":52500},[52501,52502,52503,52504,52505],{"id":52334,"depth":109,"text":52335},{"id":52341,"depth":109,"text":52342},{"id":52348,"depth":109,"text":52349},{"id":52355,"depth":109,"text":52356},{"id":52372,"depth":109,"text":52373},{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50535,"description":52507},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52514,"title":52515,"body":52516,"description":54195,"extension":1853,"meta":54196,"navigation":112,"path":54197,"seo":54198,"stem":54199,"__hash__":54200},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52517,"toc":54168},[52518,52521,52534,52539,52541,52595,52600,52604,52620,52623,52637,52642,52644,52647,52666,52682,52684,52759,52761,52798,52809,52811,52814,52875,52877,52910,52913,52919,52923,52926,53051,53053,53111,53119,53172,53174,53201,53207,53217,53221,53224,53229,53281,53283,53309,53315,53369,53371,53396,53399,53423,53429,53431,53435,53437,53494,53496,53504,53506,53527,53529,53582,53584,53608,53612,53614,53653,53655,53663,53669,53673,53725,53727,53753,53761,53765,53770,53779,53781,53847,53849,53881,53885,53890,53892,53906,53909,53982,53984,54010,54012,54016,54023,54027,54034,54038,54041,54043,54096,54098,54124,54128,54137,54139,54165],[10,52519,52515],{"id":52520},"python-list-append-method",[20,52522,1870,52523,52525,52526,52529,52530,52533],{},[15,52524,1315],{}," method adds ",[34,52527,52528],{},"one item"," to the ",[34,52531,52532],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,52535,52536,52537,490],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[34,52538,36],{},[39,52540,3497],{"id":3496},[44,52542,52544],{"className":46,"code":52543,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52545,52546,52566,52580,52590],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,52547,52548,52550,52552,52554,52556,52558,52560,52562,52564],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,52549,60],{"class":59},[53,52551,31],{"class":63},[53,52553,67],{"class":66},[53,52555,71],{"class":70},[53,52557,74],{"class":66},[53,52559,77],{"class":70},[53,52561,74],{"class":66},[53,52563,82],{"class":70},[53,52565,85],{"class":66},[53,52567,52568,52570,52572,52574,52576,52578],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,52569,150],{"class":59},[53,52571,99],{"class":66},[53,52573,124],{"class":102},[53,52575,127],{"class":66},[53,52577,130],{"class":70},[53,52579,133],{"class":66},[53,52581,52582,52584,52586,52588],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,52583,145],{"class":144},[53,52585,127],{"class":66},[53,52587,150],{"class":102},[53,52589,133],{"class":66},[53,52591,52592],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,52593,52594],{"class":156},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,52596,174,52597,52599],{},[15,52598,1315],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[39,52601,52603],{"id":52602},"what-append-does","What append() does",[194,52605,52606,52611,52614,52617],{},[197,52607,52608,52610],{},[15,52609,1315],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[197,52612,52613],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[197,52615,52616],{},"It does not create a new list",[197,52618,52619],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,52621,52622],{},"This means you can append:",[194,52624,52625,52627,52629,52631,52633,52635],{},[197,52626,150],{},[197,52628,5192],{},[197,52630,40467],{},[197,52632,5183],{},[197,52634,7138],{},[197,52636,34535],{},[20,52638,52639,52640,99],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[758,52641,761],{"href":760},[39,52643,5315],{"id":5314},[20,52645,52646],{},"Basic form:",[44,52648,52650],{"className":46,"code":52649,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,52651,52652],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,52653,52654,52656,52658,52660,52662,52664],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,52655,8225],{"class":59},[53,52657,99],{"class":66},[53,52659,124],{"class":102},[53,52661,127],{"class":66},[53,52663,23180],{"class":102},[53,52665,133],{"class":66},[194,52667,52668,52673,52678],{},[197,52669,52670,52672],{},[15,52671,8225],{}," is the list you want to change",[197,52674,52675,52677],{},[15,52676,23180],{}," is the value or object to add",[197,52679,11801,52680],{},[15,52681,3664],{},[20,52683,211],{},[44,52685,52687],{"className":46,"code":52686,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,52688,52689,52713,52735,52739,52749],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,52690,52691,52693,52695,52697,52699,52701,52703,52705,52707,52709,52711],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,52692,221],{"class":59},[53,52694,31],{"class":63},[53,52696,67],{"class":66},[53,52698,229],{"class":228},[53,52700,233],{"class":232},[53,52702,229],{"class":228},[53,52704,74],{"class":66},[53,52706,240],{"class":228},[53,52708,243],{"class":232},[53,52710,229],{"class":228},[53,52712,85],{"class":66},[53,52714,52715,52717,52719,52721,52723,52725,52727,52729,52731,52733],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,52716,2117],{"class":59},[53,52718,31],{"class":63},[53,52720,266],{"class":59},[53,52722,99],{"class":66},[53,52724,124],{"class":102},[53,52726,127],{"class":66},[53,52728,229],{"class":228},[53,52730,252],{"class":232},[53,52732,229],{"class":228},[53,52734,133],{"class":66},[53,52736,52737],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,52738,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,52740,52741,52743,52745,52747],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,52742,145],{"class":144},[53,52744,127],{"class":66},[53,52746,285],{"class":102},[53,52748,133],{"class":66},[53,52750,52751,52753,52755,52757],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,52752,145],{"class":144},[53,52754,127],{"class":66},[53,52756,2152],{"class":102},[53,52758,133],{"class":66},[20,52760,301],{},[44,52762,52764],{"className":46,"code":52763,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,52765,52766,52794],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,52767,52768,52770,52772,52774,52776,52778,52780,52782,52784,52786,52788,52790,52792],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,52769,311],{"class":66},[53,52771,314],{"class":228},[53,52773,233],{"class":232},[53,52775,314],{"class":228},[53,52777,74],{"class":66},[53,52779,323],{"class":228},[53,52781,243],{"class":232},[53,52783,314],{"class":228},[53,52785,74],{"class":66},[53,52787,323],{"class":228},[53,52789,252],{"class":232},[53,52791,314],{"class":228},[53,52793,85],{"class":66},[53,52795,52796],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,52797,11698],{"class":3739},[20,52799,52800,52801,52803,52804,52806,52807,99],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,52802,1315],{}," updates ",[15,52805,285],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,52808,3664],{},[39,52810,11364],{"id":11363},[20,52812,52813],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[44,52815,52817],{"className":46,"code":52816,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,52818,52819,52843,52861,52865],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,52820,52821,52823,52825,52827,52829,52831,52833,52835,52837,52839,52841],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,52822,1025],{"class":59},[53,52824,31],{"class":63},[53,52826,67],{"class":66},[53,52828,229],{"class":228},[53,52830,1034],{"class":232},[53,52832,229],{"class":228},[53,52834,74],{"class":66},[53,52836,240],{"class":228},[53,52838,1043],{"class":232},[53,52840,229],{"class":228},[53,52842,85],{"class":66},[53,52844,52845,52847,52849,52851,52853,52855,52857,52859],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,52846,1115],{"class":59},[53,52848,99],{"class":66},[53,52850,124],{"class":102},[53,52852,127],{"class":66},[53,52854,229],{"class":228},[53,52856,17324],{"class":232},[53,52858,229],{"class":228},[53,52860,133],{"class":66},[53,52862,52863],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,52864,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,52866,52867,52869,52871,52873],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,52868,145],{"class":144},[53,52870,127],{"class":66},[53,52872,1115],{"class":102},[53,52874,133],{"class":66},[20,52876,301],{},[44,52878,52880],{"className":46,"code":52879,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,52881,52882],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,52883,52884,52886,52888,52890,52892,52894,52896,52898,52900,52902,52904,52906,52908],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,52885,311],{"class":66},[53,52887,314],{"class":228},[53,52889,1034],{"class":232},[53,52891,314],{"class":228},[53,52893,74],{"class":66},[53,52895,323],{"class":228},[53,52897,1043],{"class":232},[53,52899,314],{"class":228},[53,52901,74],{"class":66},[53,52903,323],{"class":228},[53,52905,17324],{"class":232},[53,52907,314],{"class":228},[53,52909,85],{"class":66},[20,52911,52912],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,52914,30955,52915,99],{},[758,52916,52918],{"href":52917},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[39,52920,52922],{"id":52921},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,52924,52925],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[44,52927,52929],{"className":46,"code":52928,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,52930,52931,52939,52943,52957,52975,52989,53015,53037,53041],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,52932,52933,52935,52937],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,52934,7667],{"class":59},[53,52936,31],{"class":63},[53,52938,431],{"class":66},[53,52940,52941],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,52942,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,52944,52945,52947,52949,52951,52953,52955],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,52946,7696],{"class":59},[53,52948,99],{"class":66},[53,52950,124],{"class":102},[53,52952,127],{"class":66},[53,52954,1188],{"class":70},[53,52956,133],{"class":66},[53,52958,52959,52961,52963,52965,52967,52969,52971,52973],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,52960,7696],{"class":59},[53,52962,99],{"class":66},[53,52964,124],{"class":102},[53,52966,127],{"class":66},[53,52968,229],{"class":228},[53,52970,3732],{"class":232},[53,52972,229],{"class":228},[53,52974,133],{"class":66},[53,52976,52977,52979,52981,52983,52985,52987],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,52978,7696],{"class":59},[53,52980,99],{"class":66},[53,52982,124],{"class":102},[53,52984,127],{"class":66},[53,52986,3492],{"class":3739},[53,52988,133],{"class":66},[53,52990,52991,52993,52995,52997,52999,53001,53003,53005,53007,53009,53011,53013],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,52992,7696],{"class":59},[53,52994,99],{"class":66},[53,52996,124],{"class":102},[53,52998,5414],{"class":66},[53,53000,229],{"class":228},[53,53002,1710],{"class":232},[53,53004,229],{"class":228},[53,53006,192],{"class":66},[53,53008,240],{"class":228},[53,53010,7564],{"class":232},[53,53012,229],{"class":228},[53,53014,30368],{"class":66},[53,53016,53017,53019,53021,53023,53025,53027,53029,53031,53033,53035],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,53018,7696],{"class":59},[53,53020,99],{"class":66},[53,53022,124],{"class":102},[53,53024,2873],{"class":66},[53,53026,71],{"class":70},[53,53028,74],{"class":66},[53,53030,77],{"class":70},[53,53032,74],{"class":66},[53,53034,82],{"class":70},[53,53036,3777],{"class":66},[53,53038,53039],{"class":55,"line":6312},[53,53040,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,53042,53043,53045,53047,53049],{"class":55,"line":6318},[53,53044,145],{"class":144},[53,53046,127],{"class":66},[53,53048,7696],{"class":102},[53,53050,133],{"class":66},[20,53052,301],{},[44,53054,53056],{"className":46,"code":53055,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,53057,53058],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,53059,53060,53062,53064,53066,53068,53070,53072,53074,53076,53078,53080,53082,53084,53086,53088,53090,53092,53094,53097,53099,53101,53103,53105,53107,53109],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,53061,311],{"class":66},[53,53063,1188],{"class":70},[53,53065,74],{"class":66},[53,53067,323],{"class":228},[53,53069,3732],{"class":232},[53,53071,314],{"class":228},[53,53073,74],{"class":66},[53,53075,3804],{"class":3739},[53,53077,74],{"class":66},[53,53079,10379],{"class":66},[53,53081,314],{"class":228},[53,53083,1710],{"class":232},[53,53085,314],{"class":228},[53,53087,192],{"class":66},[53,53089,323],{"class":228},[53,53091,7564],{"class":232},[53,53093,314],{"class":228},[53,53095,53096],{"class":66},"},",[53,53098,67],{"class":66},[53,53100,71],{"class":70},[53,53102,74],{"class":66},[53,53104,77],{"class":70},[53,53106,74],{"class":66},[53,53108,82],{"class":70},[53,53110,822],{"class":66},[20,53112,53113,53114,42026,53116,99],{},"A list added with ",[15,53115,1315],{},[34,53117,53118],{},"one single item",[44,53120,53122],{"className":46,"code":53121,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53123,53124,53140,53158,53162],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,53125,53126,53128,53130,53132,53134,53136,53138],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,53127,60],{"class":59},[53,53129,31],{"class":63},[53,53131,67],{"class":66},[53,53133,71],{"class":70},[53,53135,74],{"class":66},[53,53137,77],{"class":70},[53,53139,85],{"class":66},[53,53141,53142,53144,53146,53148,53150,53152,53154,53156],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,53143,150],{"class":59},[53,53145,99],{"class":66},[53,53147,124],{"class":102},[53,53149,2873],{"class":66},[53,53151,815],{"class":70},[53,53153,74],{"class":66},[53,53155,597],{"class":70},[53,53157,3777],{"class":66},[53,53159,53160],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,53161,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,53163,53164,53166,53168,53170],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,53165,145],{"class":144},[53,53167,127],{"class":66},[53,53169,150],{"class":102},[53,53171,133],{"class":66},[20,53173,301],{},[44,53175,53177],{"className":46,"code":53176,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,53178,53179],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,53180,53181,53183,53185,53187,53189,53191,53193,53195,53197,53199],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,53182,311],{"class":66},[53,53184,71],{"class":70},[53,53186,74],{"class":66},[53,53188,77],{"class":70},[53,53190,74],{"class":66},[53,53192,67],{"class":66},[53,53194,815],{"class":70},[53,53196,74],{"class":66},[53,53198,597],{"class":70},[53,53200,822],{"class":66},[20,53202,2174,53203,53206],{},[15,53204,53205],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,53208,53209,53210,53216],{},"This is different from ",[758,53211,53213],{"href":53212},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,53214,53215],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[39,53218,53220],{"id":53219},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,53222,53223],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[1327,53225,485,53227],{"id":53226},"using-append",[15,53228,1315],{},[44,53230,53231],{"className":46,"code":53121,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,53232,53233,53249,53267,53271],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,53234,53235,53237,53239,53241,53243,53245,53247],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,53236,60],{"class":59},[53,53238,31],{"class":63},[53,53240,67],{"class":66},[53,53242,71],{"class":70},[53,53244,74],{"class":66},[53,53246,77],{"class":70},[53,53248,85],{"class":66},[53,53250,53251,53253,53255,53257,53259,53261,53263,53265],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,53252,150],{"class":59},[53,53254,99],{"class":66},[53,53256,124],{"class":102},[53,53258,2873],{"class":66},[53,53260,815],{"class":70},[53,53262,74],{"class":66},[53,53264,597],{"class":70},[53,53266,3777],{"class":66},[53,53268,53269],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,53270,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,53272,53273,53275,53277,53279],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,53274,145],{"class":144},[53,53276,127],{"class":66},[53,53278,150],{"class":102},[53,53280,133],{"class":66},[20,53282,301],{},[44,53284,53285],{"className":46,"code":53176,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,53286,53287],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,53288,53289,53291,53293,53295,53297,53299,53301,53303,53305,53307],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,53290,311],{"class":66},[53,53292,71],{"class":70},[53,53294,74],{"class":66},[53,53296,77],{"class":70},[53,53298,74],{"class":66},[53,53300,67],{"class":66},[53,53302,815],{"class":70},[53,53304,74],{"class":66},[53,53306,597],{"class":70},[53,53308,822],{"class":66},[1327,53310,485,53312],{"id":53311},"using-extend",[15,53313,53314],{},"extend()",[44,53316,53318],{"className":46,"code":53317,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53319,53320,53336,53355,53359],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,53321,53322,53324,53326,53328,53330,53332,53334],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,53323,60],{"class":59},[53,53325,31],{"class":63},[53,53327,67],{"class":66},[53,53329,71],{"class":70},[53,53331,74],{"class":66},[53,53333,77],{"class":70},[53,53335,85],{"class":66},[53,53337,53338,53340,53342,53345,53347,53349,53351,53353],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,53339,150],{"class":59},[53,53341,99],{"class":66},[53,53343,53344],{"class":102},"extend",[53,53346,2873],{"class":66},[53,53348,815],{"class":70},[53,53350,74],{"class":66},[53,53352,597],{"class":70},[53,53354,3777],{"class":66},[53,53356,53357],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,53358,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,53360,53361,53363,53365,53367],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,53362,145],{"class":144},[53,53364,127],{"class":66},[53,53366,150],{"class":102},[53,53368,133],{"class":66},[20,53370,301],{},[44,53372,53374],{"className":46,"code":53373,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53375,53376],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,53377,53378,53380,53382,53384,53386,53388,53390,53392,53394],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,53379,311],{"class":66},[53,53381,71],{"class":70},[53,53383,74],{"class":66},[53,53385,77],{"class":70},[53,53387,74],{"class":66},[53,53389,82],{"class":70},[53,53391,74],{"class":66},[53,53393,597],{"class":70},[53,53395,85],{"class":66},[20,53397,53398],{},"The difference:",[194,53400,53401,53407,53413,53418],{},[197,53402,53403,53406],{},[15,53404,53405],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[197,53408,53409,53412],{},[15,53410,53411],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[197,53414,174,53415,53417],{},[15,53416,1315],{}," for one item",[197,53419,174,53420,53422],{},[15,53421,53314],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,53424,53425,53426,99],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[758,53427,53428],{"href":53212},"Python list extend() method",[39,53430,1320],{"id":1319},[1327,53432,53434],{"id":53433},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,53436,25560],{},[44,53438,53440],{"className":46,"code":53439,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53441,53442,53462,53480,53484],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,53443,53444,53446,53448,53450,53452,53454,53456,53458,53460],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,53445,7667],{"class":59},[53,53447,31],{"class":63},[53,53449,67],{"class":66},[53,53451,71],{"class":70},[53,53453,74],{"class":66},[53,53455,77],{"class":70},[53,53457,74],{"class":66},[53,53459,82],{"class":70},[53,53461,85],{"class":66},[53,53463,53464,53466,53468,53470,53472,53474,53476,53478],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,53465,7667],{"class":59},[53,53467,31],{"class":63},[53,53469,5851],{"class":59},[53,53471,99],{"class":66},[53,53473,124],{"class":102},[53,53475,127],{"class":66},[53,53477,130],{"class":70},[53,53479,133],{"class":66},[53,53481,53482],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,53483,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,53485,53486,53488,53490,53492],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,53487,145],{"class":144},[53,53489,127],{"class":66},[53,53491,7696],{"class":102},[53,53493,133],{"class":66},[20,53495,301],{},[44,53497,53498],{"className":46,"code":11698,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,53499,53500],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,53501,53502],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,53503,11698],{"class":3739},[20,53505,11790],{},[194,53507,53508,53513,53519],{},[197,53509,53510,53512],{},[15,53511,1315],{}," changes the list in place",[197,53514,53515,2285,53517],{},[15,53516,1315],{},[15,53518,3664],{},[197,53520,973,53521,53524,53525],{},[15,53522,53523],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53526,3664],{},[20,53528,10695],{},[44,53530,53532],{"className":46,"code":53531,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53533,53534,53554,53568,53572],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,53535,53536,53538,53540,53542,53544,53546,53548,53550,53552],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,53537,7667],{"class":59},[53,53539,31],{"class":63},[53,53541,67],{"class":66},[53,53543,71],{"class":70},[53,53545,74],{"class":66},[53,53547,77],{"class":70},[53,53549,74],{"class":66},[53,53551,82],{"class":70},[53,53553,85],{"class":66},[53,53555,53556,53558,53560,53562,53564,53566],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,53557,7696],{"class":59},[53,53559,99],{"class":66},[53,53561,124],{"class":102},[53,53563,127],{"class":66},[53,53565,130],{"class":70},[53,53567,133],{"class":66},[53,53569,53570],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,53571,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,53573,53574,53576,53578,53580],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,53575,145],{"class":144},[53,53577,127],{"class":66},[53,53579,7696],{"class":102},[53,53581,133],{"class":66},[20,53583,301],{},[44,53585,53586],{"className":46,"code":53373,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,53587,53588],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,53589,53590,53592,53594,53596,53598,53600,53602,53604,53606],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,53591,311],{"class":66},[53,53593,71],{"class":70},[53,53595,74],{"class":66},[53,53597,77],{"class":70},[53,53599,74],{"class":66},[53,53601,82],{"class":70},[53,53603,74],{"class":66},[53,53605,597],{"class":70},[53,53607,85],{"class":66},[1327,53609,53611],{"id":53610},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,53613,18781],{},[44,53615,53617],{"className":46,"code":53616,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,53618,53619,53643],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,53620,53621,53623,53625,53627,53629,53631,53633,53635,53637,53639,53641],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,53622,31755],{"class":59},[53,53624,31],{"class":63},[53,53626,67],{"class":66},[53,53628,71],{"class":70},[53,53630,74],{"class":66},[53,53632,77],{"class":70},[53,53634,855],{"class":66},[53,53636,124],{"class":102},[53,53638,127],{"class":66},[53,53640,815],{"class":70},[53,53642,133],{"class":66},[53,53644,53645,53647,53649,53651],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,53646,145],{"class":144},[53,53648,127],{"class":66},[53,53650,31774],{"class":102},[53,53652,133],{"class":66},[20,53654,301],{},[44,53656,53657],{"className":46,"code":11698,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,53658,53659],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,53660,53661],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,53662,11698],{"class":3739},[20,53664,53665,53666,53668],{},"Remember: ",[15,53667,1315],{}," updates the list you already have.",[1327,53670,53672],{"id":53671},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[44,53674,53675],{"className":46,"code":53121,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,53676,53677,53693,53711,53715],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,53678,53679,53681,53683,53685,53687,53689,53691],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,53680,60],{"class":59},[53,53682,31],{"class":63},[53,53684,67],{"class":66},[53,53686,71],{"class":70},[53,53688,74],{"class":66},[53,53690,77],{"class":70},[53,53692,85],{"class":66},[53,53694,53695,53697,53699,53701,53703,53705,53707,53709],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,53696,150],{"class":59},[53,53698,99],{"class":66},[53,53700,124],{"class":102},[53,53702,2873],{"class":66},[53,53704,815],{"class":70},[53,53706,74],{"class":66},[53,53708,597],{"class":70},[53,53710,3777],{"class":66},[53,53712,53713],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,53714,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,53716,53717,53719,53721,53723],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,53718,145],{"class":144},[53,53720,127],{"class":66},[53,53722,150],{"class":102},[53,53724,133],{"class":66},[20,53726,301],{},[44,53728,53729],{"className":46,"code":53176,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,53730,53731],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,53732,53733,53735,53737,53739,53741,53743,53745,53747,53749,53751],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,53734,311],{"class":66},[53,53736,71],{"class":70},[53,53738,74],{"class":66},[53,53740,77],{"class":70},[53,53742,74],{"class":66},[53,53744,67],{"class":66},[53,53746,815],{"class":70},[53,53748,74],{"class":66},[53,53750,597],{"class":70},[53,53752,822],{"class":66},[20,53754,3057,53755,53758,53759,1408],{},[15,53756,53757],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,53760,53314],{},[1327,53762,53764],{"id":53763},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,53766,53767,53769],{},[15,53768,1315],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,53771,53772,53773,99],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[758,53774,53776],{"href":53775},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,53777,53778],{},"list.insert()",[20,53780,211],{},[44,53782,53784],{"className":46,"code":53783,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,53785,53786,53810,53833,53837],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,53787,53788,53790,53792,53794,53796,53798,53800,53802,53804,53806,53808],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,53789,35966],{"class":59},[53,53791,31],{"class":63},[53,53793,67],{"class":66},[53,53795,229],{"class":228},[53,53797,758],{"class":232},[53,53799,229],{"class":228},[53,53801,74],{"class":66},[53,53803,240],{"class":228},[53,53805,9628],{"class":232},[53,53807,229],{"class":228},[53,53809,85],{"class":66},[53,53811,53812,53814,53816,53819,53821,53823,53825,53827,53829,53831],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,53813,36019],{"class":59},[53,53815,99],{"class":66},[53,53817,53818],{"class":102},"insert",[53,53820,127],{"class":66},[53,53822,71],{"class":70},[53,53824,74],{"class":66},[53,53826,240],{"class":228},[53,53828,1376],{"class":232},[53,53830,229],{"class":228},[53,53832,133],{"class":66},[53,53834,53835],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,53836,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,53838,53839,53841,53843,53845],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,53840,145],{"class":144},[53,53842,127],{"class":66},[53,53844,36019],{"class":102},[53,53846,133],{"class":66},[20,53848,301],{},[44,53850,53851],{"className":46,"code":42747,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,53852,53853],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,53854,53855,53857,53859,53861,53863,53865,53867,53869,53871,53873,53875,53877,53879],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,53856,311],{"class":66},[53,53858,314],{"class":228},[53,53860,758],{"class":232},[53,53862,314],{"class":228},[53,53864,74],{"class":66},[53,53866,323],{"class":228},[53,53868,1376],{"class":232},[53,53870,314],{"class":228},[53,53872,74],{"class":66},[53,53874,323],{"class":228},[53,53876,9628],{"class":232},[53,53878,314],{"class":228},[53,53880,85],{"class":66},[39,53882,53884],{"id":53883},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,53886,53887,53889],{},[15,53888,1315],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,53891,36299],{},[194,53893,53894,53897,53900,53903],{},[197,53895,53896],{},"building a list in a loop",[197,53898,53899],{},"collecting user input",[197,53901,53902],{},"storing results step by step",[197,53904,53905],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,53907,53908],{},"Example with a loop:",[44,53910,53912],{"className":46,"code":53911,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,53913,53914,53923,53927,53948,53967,53971],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,53915,53916,53919,53921],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,53917,53918],{"class":59},"squares ",[53,53920,31],{"class":63},[53,53922,431],{"class":66},[53,53924,53925],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,53926,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,53928,53929,53931,53933,53935,53938,53940,53942,53944,53946],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,53930,5843],{"class":3764},[53,53932,6273],{"class":59},[53,53934,3771],{"class":3764},[53,53936,53937],{"class":144}," range",[53,53939,127],{"class":66},[53,53941,71],{"class":70},[53,53943,74],{"class":66},[53,53945,4491],{"class":70},[53,53947,8228],{"class":66},[53,53949,53950,53953,53955,53957,53959,53961,53963,53965],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,53951,53952],{"class":59},"    squares",[53,53954,99],{"class":66},[53,53956,124],{"class":102},[53,53958,127],{"class":66},[53,53960,2104],{"class":102},[53,53962,39745],{"class":63},[53,53964,2084],{"class":102},[53,53966,133],{"class":66},[53,53968,53969],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,53970,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,53972,53973,53975,53977,53980],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,53974,145],{"class":144},[53,53976,127],{"class":66},[53,53978,53979],{"class":102},"squares",[53,53981,133],{"class":66},[20,53983,301],{},[44,53985,53987],{"className":46,"code":53986,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,53988,53989],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,53990,53991,53993,53995,53997,53999,54001,54004,54006,54008],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,53992,311],{"class":66},[53,53994,71],{"class":70},[53,53996,74],{"class":66},[53,53998,597],{"class":70},[53,54000,74],{"class":66},[53,54002,54003],{"class":70}," 9",[53,54005,74],{"class":66},[53,54007,13863],{"class":70},[53,54009,85],{"class":66},[39,54011,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,54013,54015],{"id":54014},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,54017,46237,54018,54020,54021,99],{},[15,54019,1315],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,54022,3664],{},[1327,54024,54026],{"id":54025},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,54028,54029,54030,99],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[758,54031,54032],{"href":53212},[15,54033,53314],{},[1327,54035,54037],{"id":54036},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,54039,54040],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,54042,211],{},[44,54044,54046],{"className":46,"code":54045,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,54047,54048,54064,54082,54086],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54049,54050,54052,54054,54056,54058,54060,54062],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54051,9053],{"class":59},[53,54053,31],{"class":63},[53,54055,67],{"class":66},[53,54057,71],{"class":70},[53,54059,74],{"class":66},[53,54061,77],{"class":70},[53,54063,85],{"class":66},[53,54065,54066,54068,54070,54072,54074,54076,54078,54080],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,54067,9092],{"class":59},[53,54069,99],{"class":66},[53,54071,124],{"class":102},[53,54073,2873],{"class":66},[53,54075,815],{"class":70},[53,54077,74],{"class":66},[53,54079,597],{"class":70},[53,54081,3777],{"class":66},[53,54083,54084],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,54085,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,54087,54088,54090,54092,54094],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,54089,145],{"class":144},[53,54091,127],{"class":66},[53,54093,9092],{"class":102},[53,54095,133],{"class":66},[20,54097,301],{},[44,54099,54100],{"className":46,"code":53176,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,54101,54102],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54103,54104,54106,54108,54110,54112,54114,54116,54118,54120,54122],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54105,311],{"class":66},[53,54107,71],{"class":70},[53,54109,74],{"class":66},[53,54111,77],{"class":70},[53,54113,74],{"class":66},[53,54115,67],{"class":66},[53,54117,815],{"class":70},[53,54119,74],{"class":66},[53,54121,597],{"class":70},[53,54123,822],{"class":66},[1327,54125,54127],{"id":54126},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,54129,54130,54132,54133,54136],{},[15,54131,1315],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,54134,54135],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[39,54138,1788],{"id":1787},[194,54140,54141,54146,54150,54155,54159],{},[197,54142,54143],{},[758,54144,54145],{"href":52917},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[197,54147,54148],{},[758,54149,53428],{"href":53212},[197,54151,54152],{},[758,54153,54154],{"href":53775},"Python list insert() method",[197,54156,54157],{},[758,54158,761],{"href":760},[197,54160,54161],{},[758,54162,54164],{"href":54163},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[1817,54166,54167],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":54169},[54170,54171,54172,54173,54174,54175,54181,54187,54188,54194],{"id":3496,"depth":88,"text":3497},{"id":52602,"depth":88,"text":52603},{"id":5314,"depth":88,"text":5315},{"id":11363,"depth":88,"text":11364},{"id":52921,"depth":88,"text":52922},{"id":53219,"depth":88,"text":53220,"children":54176},[54177,54179],{"id":53226,"depth":109,"text":54178},"Using append()",{"id":53311,"depth":109,"text":54180},"Using extend()",{"id":1319,"depth":88,"text":1320,"children":54182},[54183,54184,54185,54186],{"id":53433,"depth":109,"text":53434},{"id":53610,"depth":109,"text":53611},{"id":53671,"depth":109,"text":53672},{"id":53763,"depth":109,"text":53764},{"id":53883,"depth":88,"text":53884},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":54189},[54190,54191,54192,54193],{"id":54014,"depth":109,"text":54015},{"id":54025,"depth":109,"text":54026},{"id":54036,"depth":109,"text":54037},{"id":54126,"depth":109,"text":54127},{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52515,"description":54195},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54202,"title":54203,"body":54204,"description":55445,"extension":1853,"meta":55446,"navigation":112,"path":55447,"seo":55448,"stem":55449,"__hash__":55450},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54205,"toc":55410},[54206,54211,54217,54223,54225,54273,54278,54283,54287,54303,54309,54311,54314,54329,54331,54342,54344,54346,54403,54405,54413,54415,54431,54437,54439,54445,54449,54533,54536,54585,54592,54600,54603,54617,54630,54636,54711,54718,54725,54798,54806,54809,54820,54829,54833,54837,54848,54850,54927,54948,54950,54960,54963,55011,55013,55034,55037,55039,55090,55096,55103,55170,55176,55182,55185,55212,55217,55223,55226,55298,55301,55312,55318,55320,55326,55329,55335,55341,55348,55356,55362,55368,55370,55407],[10,54207,13,54209,18],{"id":54208},"python-list-clear-method",[15,54210,11210],{},[20,54212,54213,54216],{},[15,54214,54215],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,54218,54219,54220,54222],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[34,54221,11222],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[39,54224,3497],{"id":3496},[44,54226,54228],{"className":46,"code":54227,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54229,54230,54250,54260],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54231,54232,54234,54236,54238,54240,54242,54244,54246,54248],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54233,7667],{"class":59},[53,54235,31],{"class":63},[53,54237,67],{"class":66},[53,54239,71],{"class":70},[53,54241,74],{"class":66},[53,54243,77],{"class":70},[53,54245,74],{"class":66},[53,54247,82],{"class":70},[53,54249,85],{"class":66},[53,54251,54252,54254,54256,54258],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,54253,7696],{"class":59},[53,54255,99],{"class":66},[53,54257,11271],{"class":102},[53,54259,106],{"class":66},[53,54261,54262,54264,54266,54268,54270],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,54263,145],{"class":144},[53,54265,127],{"class":66},[53,54267,7696],{"class":102},[53,54269,153],{"class":66},[53,54271,54272],{"class":156},"  # []\n",[20,54274,174,54275,54277],{},[15,54276,11210],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[39,54279,184,54281,187],{"id":54280},"what-listclear-does",[15,54282,54215],{},[20,54284,54285,192],{},[15,54286,54215],{},[194,54288,54289,54292,54295,54300],{},[197,54290,54291],{},"Removes every item from a list",[197,54293,54294],{},"Changes the original list in place",[197,54296,54297,54298],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,54299,3673],{},[197,54301,54302],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,54304,54305,54306,54308],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,54307,11210],{},", but it contains no values.",[39,54310,372],{"id":371},[20,54312,54313],{},"Syntax:",[44,54315,54317],{"className":46,"code":54316,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,54318,54319],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54320,54321,54323,54325,54327],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54322,8225],{"class":59},[53,54324,99],{"class":66},[53,54326,11271],{"class":102},[53,54328,106],{"class":66},[20,54330,11347],{},[194,54332,54333,54336,54339],{},[197,54334,54335],{},"Call it on a list object",[197,54337,54338],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[197,54340,54341],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[39,54343,11364],{"id":11363},[20,54345,11367],{},[44,54347,54349],{"className":46,"code":54348,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54350,54351,54375,54379,54389,54393],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54352,54353,54355,54357,54359,54361,54363,54365,54367,54369,54371,54373],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54354,60],{"class":59},[53,54356,31],{"class":63},[53,54358,67],{"class":66},[53,54360,1188],{"class":70},[53,54362,74],{"class":66},[53,54364,1193],{"class":70},[53,54366,74],{"class":66},[53,54368,1198],{"class":70},[53,54370,74],{"class":66},[53,54372,1287],{"class":70},[53,54374,85],{"class":66},[53,54376,54377],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,54378,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,54380,54381,54383,54385,54387],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,54382,150],{"class":59},[53,54384,99],{"class":66},[53,54386,11271],{"class":102},[53,54388,106],{"class":66},[53,54390,54391],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,54392,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,54394,54395,54397,54399,54401],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,54396,145],{"class":144},[53,54398,127],{"class":66},[53,54400,150],{"class":102},[53,54402,133],{"class":66},[20,54404,301],{},[44,54406,54407],{"className":46,"code":467,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,54408,54409],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54410,54411],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54412,467],{"class":66},[20,54414,11573],{},[194,54416,54417,54422,54428],{},[197,54418,54419,54421],{},[15,54420,150],{}," starts with four items",[197,54423,54424,54427],{},[15,54425,54426],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[197,54429,54430],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,54432,54433,54434,99],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[758,54435,761],{"href":54436},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[39,54438,998],{"id":997},[20,54440,54441,2285,54443,99],{},[15,54442,11210],{},[15,54444,3664],{},[20,54446,1006,54447,490],{},[34,54448,36],{},[44,54450,54452],{"className":46,"code":54451,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,54453,54454,54486,54490,54504,54508,54521],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54455,54456,54458,54460,54462,54464,54466,54468,54470,54472,54474,54476,54478,54480,54482,54484],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54457,7667],{"class":59},[53,54459,31],{"class":63},[53,54461,67],{"class":66},[53,54463,229],{"class":228},[53,54465,758],{"class":232},[53,54467,229],{"class":228},[53,54469,74],{"class":66},[53,54471,240],{"class":228},[53,54473,1376],{"class":232},[53,54475,229],{"class":228},[53,54477,74],{"class":66},[53,54479,240],{"class":228},[53,54481,9628],{"class":232},[53,54483,229],{"class":228},[53,54485,85],{"class":66},[53,54487,54488],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,54489,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,54491,54492,54494,54496,54498,54500,54502],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,54493,2117],{"class":59},[53,54495,31],{"class":63},[53,54497,5851],{"class":59},[53,54499,99],{"class":66},[53,54501,11271],{"class":102},[53,54503,106],{"class":66},[53,54505,54506],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,54507,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,54509,54510,54512,54514,54516,54518],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,54511,145],{"class":144},[53,54513,127],{"class":66},[53,54515,7696],{"class":102},[53,54517,153],{"class":66},[53,54519,54520],{"class":156},"   # []\n",[53,54522,54523,54525,54527,54529,54531],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,54524,145],{"class":144},[53,54526,127],{"class":66},[53,54528,2152],{"class":102},[53,54530,153],{"class":66},[53,54532,20744],{"class":156},[20,54534,54535],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[44,54537,54539],{"className":46,"code":54538,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54540,54541,54561,54575],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54542,54543,54545,54547,54549,54551,54553,54555,54557,54559],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54544,7667],{"class":59},[53,54546,31],{"class":63},[53,54548,67],{"class":66},[53,54550,71],{"class":70},[53,54552,74],{"class":66},[53,54554,77],{"class":70},[53,54556,74],{"class":66},[53,54558,82],{"class":70},[53,54560,85],{"class":66},[53,54562,54563,54565,54567,54569,54571,54573],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,54564,7667],{"class":59},[53,54566,31],{"class":63},[53,54568,5851],{"class":59},[53,54570,99],{"class":66},[53,54572,11271],{"class":102},[53,54574,106],{"class":66},[53,54576,54577,54579,54581,54583],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,54578,145],{"class":144},[53,54580,127],{"class":66},[53,54582,7696],{"class":102},[53,54584,133],{"class":66},[20,54586,11806,54587,42026,54589,54591],{},[15,54588,7696],{},[15,54590,3664],{},", not an empty list.",[39,54593,54595,54597,54598],{"id":54594},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,54596,11210],{}," vs assigning ",[15,54599,3673],{},[20,54601,54602],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[44,54604,54605],{"className":46,"code":54316,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,54606,54607],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54608,54609,54611,54613,54615],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54610,8225],{"class":59},[53,54612,99],{"class":66},[53,54614,11271],{"class":102},[53,54616,106],{"class":66},[44,54618,54620],{"className":46,"code":54619,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list = []\n",[15,54621,54622],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54623,54624,54626,54628],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54625,8194],{"class":59},[53,54627,31],{"class":63},[53,54629,431],{"class":66},[1327,54631,54633,54635],{"id":54632},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,54634,11210],{}," empties the same list object",[44,54637,54639],{"className":46,"code":54638,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,54640,54641,54661,54669,54673,54683,54687,54699],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54642,54643,54645,54647,54649,54651,54653,54655,54657,54659],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54644,1345],{"class":59},[53,54646,31],{"class":63},[53,54648,67],{"class":66},[53,54650,71],{"class":70},[53,54652,74],{"class":66},[53,54654,77],{"class":70},[53,54656,74],{"class":66},[53,54658,82],{"class":70},[53,54660,85],{"class":66},[53,54662,54663,54665,54667],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,54664,1366],{"class":59},[53,54666,31],{"class":63},[53,54668,1371],{"class":59},[53,54670,54671],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,54672,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,54674,54675,54677,54679,54681],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,54676,758],{"class":59},[53,54678,99],{"class":66},[53,54680,11271],{"class":102},[53,54682,106],{"class":66},[53,54684,54685],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,54686,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,54688,54689,54691,54693,54695,54697],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,54690,145],{"class":144},[53,54692,127],{"class":66},[53,54694,758],{"class":102},[53,54696,153],{"class":66},[53,54698,54272],{"class":156},[53,54700,54701,54703,54705,54707,54709],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,54702,145],{"class":144},[53,54704,127],{"class":66},[53,54706,1376],{"class":102},[53,54708,153],{"class":66},[53,54710,54272],{"class":156},[20,54712,10479,54713,960,54715,54717],{},[15,54714,758],{},[15,54716,1376],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[1327,54719,54721,54724],{"id":54720},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,54722,54723],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[44,54726,54728],{"className":46,"code":54727,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54729,54730,54750,54758,54762,54770,54774,54786],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54731,54732,54734,54736,54738,54740,54742,54744,54746,54748],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54733,1345],{"class":59},[53,54735,31],{"class":63},[53,54737,67],{"class":66},[53,54739,71],{"class":70},[53,54741,74],{"class":66},[53,54743,77],{"class":70},[53,54745,74],{"class":66},[53,54747,82],{"class":70},[53,54749,85],{"class":66},[53,54751,54752,54754,54756],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,54753,1366],{"class":59},[53,54755,31],{"class":63},[53,54757,1371],{"class":59},[53,54759,54760],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,54761,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,54763,54764,54766,54768],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,54765,1345],{"class":59},[53,54767,31],{"class":63},[53,54769,431],{"class":66},[53,54771,54772],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,54773,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,54775,54776,54778,54780,54782,54784],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,54777,145],{"class":144},[53,54779,127],{"class":66},[53,54781,758],{"class":102},[53,54783,153],{"class":66},[53,54785,54272],{"class":156},[53,54787,54788,54790,54792,54794,54796],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,54789,145],{"class":144},[53,54791,127],{"class":66},[53,54793,1376],{"class":102},[53,54795,153],{"class":66},[53,54797,1479],{"class":156},[20,54799,20639,54800,54802,54803,54805],{},[15,54801,758],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,54804,1376],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,54807,54808],{},"This difference matters when:",[194,54810,54811,54814,54817],{},[197,54812,54813],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[197,54815,54816],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[197,54818,54819],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,54821,54822,54823,99],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[758,54824,54826,54827,1316],{"href":54825},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,54828,17],{},[39,54830,1145,54831],{"id":12325},[15,54832,11210],{},[20,54834,174,54835,6204],{},[15,54836,11210],{},[194,54838,54839,54842,54845],{},[197,54840,54841],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[197,54843,54844],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[197,54846,54847],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,54849,211],{},[44,54851,54853],{"className":46,"code":54852,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,54854,54855,54891,54895,54900,54911,54915],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54856,54857,54860,54862,54864,54866,54869,54871,54873,54875,54878,54880,54882,54884,54887,54889],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54858,54859],{"class":59},"shopping_cart ",[53,54861,31],{"class":63},[53,54863,67],{"class":66},[53,54865,229],{"class":228},[53,54867,54868],{"class":232},"milk",[53,54870,229],{"class":228},[53,54872,74],{"class":66},[53,54874,240],{"class":228},[53,54876,54877],{"class":232},"bread",[53,54879,229],{"class":228},[53,54881,74],{"class":66},[53,54883,240],{"class":228},[53,54885,54886],{"class":232},"eggs",[53,54888,229],{"class":228},[53,54890,85],{"class":66},[53,54892,54893],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,54894,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,54896,54897],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,54898,54899],{"class":156},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[53,54901,54902,54905,54907,54909],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,54903,54904],{"class":59},"shopping_cart",[53,54906,99],{"class":66},[53,54908,11271],{"class":102},[53,54910,106],{"class":66},[53,54912,54913],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,54914,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,54916,54917,54919,54921,54923,54925],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,54918,145],{"class":144},[53,54920,127],{"class":66},[53,54922,54904],{"class":102},[53,54924,153],{"class":66},[53,54926,54272],{"class":156},[20,54928,54929,54930,54934,54935,54941,54942,99],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[758,54931,54933],{"href":54932},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[758,54936,54938,1316],{"href":54937},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,54939,54940],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[758,54943,54945,1316],{"href":54944},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,54946,54947],{},"list.pop()",[39,54949,1320],{"id":1319},[1327,54951,54953,54954,10980,54957],{"id":54952},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,54955,54956],{},"my_list.clear",[15,54958,54959],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,54961,54962],{},"This does not call the method.",[44,54964,54966],{"className":46,"code":54965,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,54967,54968,54988,54992,55001],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54969,54970,54972,54974,54976,54978,54980,54982,54984,54986],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54971,7667],{"class":59},[53,54973,31],{"class":63},[53,54975,67],{"class":66},[53,54977,71],{"class":70},[53,54979,74],{"class":66},[53,54981,77],{"class":70},[53,54983,74],{"class":66},[53,54985,82],{"class":70},[53,54987,85],{"class":66},[53,54989,54990],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,54991,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,54993,54994,54996,54998],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,54995,7696],{"class":59},[53,54997,99],{"class":66},[53,54999,55000],{"class":24620},"clear\n",[53,55002,55003,55005,55007,55009],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,55004,145],{"class":144},[53,55006,127],{"class":66},[53,55008,7696],{"class":102},[53,55010,133],{"class":66},[20,55012,301],{},[44,55014,55016],{"className":46,"code":55015,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,55017,55018],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,55019,55020,55022,55024,55026,55028,55030,55032],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,55021,311],{"class":66},[53,55023,71],{"class":70},[53,55025,74],{"class":66},[53,55027,77],{"class":70},[53,55029,74],{"class":66},[53,55031,82],{"class":70},[53,55033,85],{"class":66},[20,55035,55036],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,55038,10695],{},[44,55040,55042],{"className":46,"code":55041,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,55043,55044,55064,55068,55078],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,55045,55046,55048,55050,55052,55054,55056,55058,55060,55062],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,55047,7667],{"class":59},[53,55049,31],{"class":63},[53,55051,67],{"class":66},[53,55053,71],{"class":70},[53,55055,74],{"class":66},[53,55057,77],{"class":70},[53,55059,74],{"class":66},[53,55061,82],{"class":70},[53,55063,85],{"class":66},[53,55065,55066],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,55067,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,55069,55070,55072,55074,55076],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,55071,7696],{"class":59},[53,55073,99],{"class":66},[53,55075,11271],{"class":102},[53,55077,106],{"class":66},[53,55079,55080,55082,55084,55086,55088],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,55081,145],{"class":144},[53,55083,127],{"class":66},[53,55085,7696],{"class":102},[53,55087,153],{"class":66},[53,55089,54272],{"class":156},[1327,55091,8339,55093,55095],{"id":55092},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,55094,11210],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,55097,55098,2285,55100,55102],{},[15,55099,11210],{},[15,55101,3664],{},", not the list.",[44,55104,55106],{"className":46,"code":55105,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,55107,55108,55128,55142,55146,55158],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,55109,55110,55112,55114,55116,55118,55120,55122,55124,55126],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,55111,7667],{"class":59},[53,55113,31],{"class":63},[53,55115,67],{"class":66},[53,55117,71],{"class":70},[53,55119,74],{"class":66},[53,55121,77],{"class":70},[53,55123,74],{"class":66},[53,55125,82],{"class":70},[53,55127,85],{"class":66},[53,55129,55130,55132,55134,55136,55138,55140],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,55131,2117],{"class":59},[53,55133,31],{"class":63},[53,55135,5851],{"class":59},[53,55137,99],{"class":66},[53,55139,11271],{"class":102},[53,55141,106],{"class":66},[53,55143,55144],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,55145,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,55147,55148,55150,55152,55154,55156],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,55149,145],{"class":144},[53,55151,127],{"class":66},[53,55153,2152],{"class":102},[53,55155,153],{"class":66},[53,55157,20744],{"class":156},[53,55159,55160,55162,55164,55166,55168],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,55161,145],{"class":144},[53,55163,127],{"class":66},[53,55165,7696],{"class":102},[53,55167,153],{"class":66},[53,55169,54520],{"class":156},[1327,55171,485,55173,55175],{"id":55172},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,55174,11210],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,55177,55178,55179,55181],{},"Some types have a ",[15,55180,11210],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,55183,55184],{},"This will fail:",[44,55186,55188],{"className":46,"code":55187,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,55189,55190,55202],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,55191,55192,55194,55196,55198,55200],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,55193,34561],{"class":59},[53,55195,31],{"class":63},[53,55197,240],{"class":228},[53,55199,3732],{"class":232},[53,55201,1682],{"class":228},[53,55203,55204,55206,55208,55210],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,55205,34582],{"class":59},[53,55207,99],{"class":66},[53,55209,11271],{"class":102},[53,55211,106],{"class":66},[20,55213,55214,55215,33473],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,55216,11210],{},[20,55218,55219,55220,55222],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,55221,3664],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,55224,55225],{},"Useful checks:",[44,55227,55229],{"className":46,"code":55228,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,55230,55231,55241,55255,55269,55278,55288],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,55232,55233,55235,55237,55239],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,55234,145],{"class":144},[53,55236,127],{"class":66},[53,55238,8225],{"class":102},[53,55240,133],{"class":66},[53,55242,55243,55245,55247,55249,55251,55253],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,55244,145],{"class":144},[53,55246,127],{"class":66},[53,55248,1705],{"class":1704},[53,55250,127],{"class":66},[53,55252,8225],{"class":102},[53,55254,1713],{"class":66},[53,55256,55257,55259,55261,55263,55265,55267],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,55258,145],{"class":144},[53,55260,127],{"class":66},[53,55262,12537],{"class":144},[53,55264,127],{"class":66},[53,55266,8225],{"class":102},[53,55268,1713],{"class":66},[53,55270,55271,55273,55275],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,55272,43421],{"class":59},[53,55274,31],{"class":63},[53,55276,55277],{"class":59}," my_list\n",[53,55279,55280,55282,55284,55286],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,55281,8225],{"class":59},[53,55283,99],{"class":66},[53,55285,11271],{"class":102},[53,55287,106],{"class":66},[53,55289,55290,55292,55294,55296],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,55291,145],{"class":144},[53,55293,127],{"class":66},[53,55295,30615],{"class":102},[53,55297,133],{"class":66},[20,55299,55300],{},"These can help you see:",[194,55302,55303,55306,55309],{},[197,55304,55305],{},"What the variable currently contains",[197,55307,55308],{},"Whether it is really a list",[197,55310,55311],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,55313,55314,55315,99],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[758,55316,55317],{"href":54163},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[39,55319,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,55321,1729,55323,55325],{"id":55322},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,55324,54215],{}," delete the list?",[20,55327,55328],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[1327,55330,1729,55332,55334],{"id":55331},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,55333,54215],{}," return a new list?",[20,55336,55337,55338,55340],{},"No. It returns ",[15,55339,3664],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[1327,55342,1739,55344,960,55346,1744],{"id":55343},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,55345,11210],{},[15,55347,54723],{},[20,55349,55350,55352,55353,55355],{},[15,55351,11210],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,55354,54723],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[1327,55357,28199,55359,55361],{"id":55358},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,55360,11210],{}," on other types?",[20,55363,55364,55365,55367],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,55366,11210],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[39,55369,1788],{"id":1787},[194,55371,55372,55376,55381,55387,55394,55400],{},[197,55373,55374],{},[758,55375,761],{"href":54436},[197,55377,55378],{},[758,55379,55380],{"href":54932},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[197,55382,55383],{},[758,55384,1312,55385,1316],{"href":54944},[15,55386,12650],{},[197,55388,55389],{},[758,55390,1312,55391,1316],{"href":54937},[15,55392,55393],{},"remove()",[197,55395,55396],{},[758,55397,1312,55398,1316],{"href":54825},[15,55399,17],{},[197,55401,55402],{},[758,55403,30219,55404,33506],{"href":54163},[15,55405,55406],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[1817,55408,55409],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":56997,"toc":58697},[56998,57004,57010,57013,57024,57027,57029,57092,57098,57103,57107,57121,57124,57129,57134,57136,57138,57157,57169,57171,57238,57240,57248,57253,57255,57263,57266,57283,57285,57409,57420,57424,57429,57432,57434,57452,57456,57542,57551,57559,57628,57630,57633,57645,57650,57654,57725,57728,57732,57736,57801,57803,57811,57815,57898,57900,57908,57912,57973,57975,57983,57987,58074,58076,58084,58089,58094,58097,58108,58110,58195,58200,58209,58211,58215,58219,58224,58286,58290,58298,58304,58313,58318,58367,58370,58391,58395,58457,58464,58469,58472,58559,58562,58573,58576,58596,58598,58604,58607,58611,58615,58621,58624,58630,58637,58645,58656,58658,58694],[10,56999,13,57001,18],{"id":57000},"python-list-count-method",[15,57002,57003],{},"count()",[20,57005,57006,57009],{},[15,57007,57008],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,57011,57012],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[194,57014,57015,57018,57021],{},[197,57016,57017],{},"count one specific item",[197,57019,57020],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[197,57022,57023],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,57025,57026],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[39,57028,3497],{"id":3496},[44,57030,57032],{"className":46,"code":57031,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,57033,57034,57062,57080],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57035,57036,57038,57040,57042,57044,57046,57048,57050,57052,57054,57056,57058,57060],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57037,60],{"class":59},[53,57039,31],{"class":63},[53,57041,67],{"class":66},[53,57043,71],{"class":70},[53,57045,74],{"class":66},[53,57047,77],{"class":70},[53,57049,74],{"class":66},[53,57051,77],{"class":70},[53,57053,74],{"class":66},[53,57055,82],{"class":70},[53,57057,74],{"class":66},[53,57059,77],{"class":70},[53,57061,85],{"class":66},[53,57063,57064,57066,57068,57070,57072,57074,57076,57078],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,57065,2117],{"class":59},[53,57067,31],{"class":63},[53,57069,96],{"class":59},[53,57071,99],{"class":66},[53,57073,41131],{"class":102},[53,57075,127],{"class":66},[53,57077,1589],{"class":70},[53,57079,133],{"class":66},[53,57081,57082,57084,57086,57088,57090],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,57083,145],{"class":144},[53,57085,127],{"class":66},[53,57087,2152],{"class":102},[53,57089,153],{"class":66},[53,57091,50644],{"class":156},[20,57093,174,57094,57097],{},[15,57095,57096],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[39,57099,184,57101,187],{"id":57100},"what-listcount-does",[15,57102,57008],{},[20,57104,57105,192],{},[15,57106,57008],{},[194,57108,57109,57112,57115,57118],{},[197,57110,57111],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[197,57113,57114],{},"returns an integer",[197,57116,57117],{},"does not change the original list",[197,57119,57120],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,57122,57123],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,57125,57126,57127,99],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,57128,815],{},[20,57130,57131,57132,99],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,57133,852],{},[39,57135,372],{"id":371},[20,57137,375],{},[44,57139,57141],{"className":46,"code":57140,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,57142,57143],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57144,57145,57147,57149,57151,57153,57155],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57146,8225],{"class":59},[53,57148,99],{"class":66},[53,57150,41131],{"class":102},[53,57152,127],{"class":66},[53,57154,2360],{"class":102},[53,57156,133],{"class":66},[194,57158,57159,57164],{},[197,57160,57161,57163],{},[15,57162,8225],{}," is the list you want to search",[197,57165,57166,57168],{},[15,57167,2360],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,57170,211],{},[44,57172,57174],{"className":46,"code":57173,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,57175,57176,57216],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57177,57178,57180,57182,57184,57186,57188,57190,57192,57194,57196,57198,57200,57202,57204,57206,57208,57210,57212,57214],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57179,35966],{"class":59},[53,57181,31],{"class":63},[53,57183,67],{"class":66},[53,57185,229],{"class":228},[53,57187,758],{"class":232},[53,57189,229],{"class":228},[53,57191,74],{"class":66},[53,57193,240],{"class":228},[53,57195,1376],{"class":232},[53,57197,229],{"class":228},[53,57199,74],{"class":66},[53,57201,240],{"class":228},[53,57203,758],{"class":232},[53,57205,229],{"class":228},[53,57207,74],{"class":66},[53,57209,240],{"class":228},[53,57211,9628],{"class":232},[53,57213,229],{"class":228},[53,57215,85],{"class":66},[53,57217,57218,57220,57222,57224,57226,57228,57230,57232,57234,57236],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,57219,145],{"class":144},[53,57221,127],{"class":66},[53,57223,36019],{"class":102},[53,57225,99],{"class":66},[53,57227,41131],{"class":102},[53,57229,127],{"class":66},[53,57231,229],{"class":228},[53,57233,758],{"class":232},[53,57235,229],{"class":228},[53,57237,1713],{"class":66},[20,57239,301],{},[44,57241,57242],{"className":46,"code":16926,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,57243,57244],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57245,57246],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57247,16926],{"class":70},[20,57249,57250,57251,99],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,57252,852],{},[39,57254,37895],{"id":37894},[20,57256,57257,57258,57260,57261,99],{},"The return value from ",[15,57259,57003],{}," is always an ",[15,57262,2075],{},[20,57264,57265],{},"Possible results:",[194,57267,57268,57273,57278],{},[197,57269,57270,57272],{},[15,57271,852],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[197,57274,57275,57277],{},[15,57276,71],{}," if it appears once",[197,57279,57280,57282],{},[15,57281,1589],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,57284,211],{},[44,57286,57288],{"className":46,"code":57287,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,57289,57290,57330,57334,57359,57384],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57291,57292,57294,57296,57298,57300,57302,57304,57306,57308,57310,57312,57314,57316,57318,57320,57322,57324,57326,57328],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57293,1025],{"class":59},[53,57295,31],{"class":63},[53,57297,67],{"class":66},[53,57299,229],{"class":228},[53,57301,1034],{"class":232},[53,57303,229],{"class":228},[53,57305,74],{"class":66},[53,57307,240],{"class":228},[53,57309,1043],{"class":232},[53,57311,229],{"class":228},[53,57313,74],{"class":66},[53,57315,240],{"class":228},[53,57317,17324],{"class":232},[53,57319,229],{"class":228},[53,57321,74],{"class":66},[53,57323,240],{"class":228},[53,57325,1043],{"class":232},[53,57327,229],{"class":228},[53,57329,85],{"class":66},[53,57331,57332],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,57333,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,57335,57336,57338,57340,57342,57344,57346,57348,57350,57352,57354,57356],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,57337,145],{"class":144},[53,57339,127],{"class":66},[53,57341,1115],{"class":102},[53,57343,99],{"class":66},[53,57345,41131],{"class":102},[53,57347,127],{"class":66},[53,57349,229],{"class":228},[53,57351,1043],{"class":232},[53,57353,229],{"class":228},[53,57355,5245],{"class":66},[53,57357,57358],{"class":156},"   # 2\n",[53,57360,57361,57363,57365,57367,57369,57371,57373,57375,57377,57379,57381],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,57362,145],{"class":144},[53,57364,127],{"class":66},[53,57366,1115],{"class":102},[53,57368,99],{"class":66},[53,57370,41131],{"class":102},[53,57372,127],{"class":66},[53,57374,229],{"class":228},[53,57376,1034],{"class":232},[53,57378,229],{"class":228},[53,57380,5245],{"class":66},[53,57382,57383],{"class":156},"    # 1\n",[53,57385,57386,57388,57390,57392,57394,57396,57398,57400,57402,57404,57406],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,57387,145],{"class":144},[53,57389,127],{"class":66},[53,57391,1115],{"class":102},[53,57393,99],{"class":66},[53,57395,41131],{"class":102},[53,57397,127],{"class":66},[53,57399,229],{"class":228},[53,57401,22393],{"class":232},[53,57403,229],{"class":228},[53,57405,5245],{"class":66},[53,57407,57408],{"class":156}," # 0\n",[20,57410,57411,57412,57414,57415,57417,57418,99],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,57413,57003],{}," works, but using ",[15,57416,3771],{}," is often simpler. See ",[758,57419,6084],{"href":6083},[39,57421,57423],{"id":57422},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,57425,57426,57428],{},[15,57427,57008],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,57430,57431],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,57433,43522],{},[194,57435,57436,57439,57442,57449],{},[197,57437,57438],{},"matches are based on equality",[197,57440,57441],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[197,57443,57444,960,57446,57448],{},[15,57445,71],{},[15,57447,3492],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[197,57450,57451],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[1327,57453,57455],{"id":57454},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[44,57457,57459],{"className":46,"code":57458,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,57460,57461,57494,57518],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57462,57463,57465,57467,57469,57471,57473,57475,57477,57479,57482,57484,57486,57488,57490,57492],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57464,3959],{"class":59},[53,57466,31],{"class":63},[53,57468,67],{"class":66},[53,57470,229],{"class":228},[53,57472,233],{"class":232},[53,57474,229],{"class":228},[53,57476,74],{"class":66},[53,57478,240],{"class":228},[53,57480,57481],{"class":232},"Apple",[53,57483,229],{"class":228},[53,57485,74],{"class":66},[53,57487,240],{"class":228},[53,57489,233],{"class":232},[53,57491,229],{"class":228},[53,57493,85],{"class":66},[53,57495,57496,57498,57500,57502,57504,57506,57508,57510,57512,57514,57516],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,57497,145],{"class":144},[53,57499,127],{"class":66},[53,57501,4001],{"class":102},[53,57503,99],{"class":66},[53,57505,41131],{"class":102},[53,57507,127],{"class":66},[53,57509,229],{"class":228},[53,57511,233],{"class":232},[53,57513,229],{"class":228},[53,57515,5245],{"class":66},[53,57517,51287],{"class":156},[53,57519,57520,57522,57524,57526,57528,57530,57532,57534,57536,57538,57540],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,57521,145],{"class":144},[53,57523,127],{"class":66},[53,57525,4001],{"class":102},[53,57527,99],{"class":66},[53,57529,41131],{"class":102},[53,57531,127],{"class":66},[53,57533,229],{"class":228},[53,57535,57481],{"class":232},[53,57537,229],{"class":228},[53,57539,5245],{"class":66},[53,57541,27650],{"class":156},[20,57543,57544,960,57547,57550],{},[15,57545,57546],{},"\"apple\"",[15,57548,57549],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[1327,57552,57554,960,57556,57558],{"id":57553},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,57555,71],{},[15,57557,3492],{}," can match",[44,57560,57562],{"className":46,"code":57561,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,57563,57564,57588,57608],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57565,57566,57568,57570,57572,57574,57576,57578,57580,57582,57584,57586],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57567,3709],{"class":59},[53,57569,31],{"class":63},[53,57571,67],{"class":66},[53,57573,71],{"class":70},[53,57575,74],{"class":66},[53,57577,3804],{"class":3739},[53,57579,74],{"class":66},[53,57581,77],{"class":70},[53,57583,74],{"class":66},[53,57585,5382],{"class":70},[53,57587,85],{"class":66},[53,57589,57590,57592,57594,57596,57598,57600,57602,57604,57606],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,57591,145],{"class":144},[53,57593,127],{"class":66},[53,57595,5242],{"class":102},[53,57597,99],{"class":66},[53,57599,41131],{"class":102},[53,57601,127],{"class":66},[53,57603,71],{"class":70},[53,57605,5245],{"class":66},[53,57607,50791],{"class":156},[53,57609,57610,57612,57614,57616,57618,57620,57622,57624,57626],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,57611,145],{"class":144},[53,57613,127],{"class":66},[53,57615,5242],{"class":102},[53,57617,99],{"class":66},[53,57619,41131],{"class":102},[53,57621,127],{"class":66},[53,57623,3492],{"class":3739},[53,57625,5245],{"class":66},[53,57627,50644],{"class":156},[20,57629,4297],{},[20,57631,57632],{},"In Python:",[194,57634,57635,57640],{},[197,57636,57637],{},[15,57638,57639],{},"True == 1",[197,57641,57642],{},[15,57643,57644],{},"False == 0",[20,57646,973,57647,57649],{},[15,57648,57003],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[1327,57651,57653],{"id":57652},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[44,57655,57657],{"className":46,"code":57656,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,57658,57659,57701],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57660,57661,57663,57665,57667,57669,57671,57673,57675,57677,57679,57681,57683,57685,57687,57689,57691,57693,57695,57697,57699],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57662,7667],{"class":59},[53,57664,31],{"class":63},[53,57666,801],{"class":66},[53,57668,71],{"class":70},[53,57670,74],{"class":66},[53,57672,77],{"class":70},[53,57674,810],{"class":66},[53,57676,67],{"class":66},[53,57678,815],{"class":70},[53,57680,74],{"class":66},[53,57682,597],{"class":70},[53,57684,810],{"class":66},[53,57686,67],{"class":66},[53,57688,71],{"class":70},[53,57690,74],{"class":66},[53,57692,77],{"class":70},[53,57694,810],{"class":66},[53,57696,67],{"class":66},[53,57698,71],{"class":70},[53,57700,822],{"class":66},[53,57702,57703,57705,57707,57709,57711,57713,57715,57717,57719,57721,57723],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,57704,145],{"class":144},[53,57706,127],{"class":66},[53,57708,7696],{"class":102},[53,57710,99],{"class":66},[53,57712,41131],{"class":102},[53,57714,2873],{"class":66},[53,57716,71],{"class":70},[53,57718,74],{"class":66},[53,57720,77],{"class":70},[53,57722,4621],{"class":66},[53,57724,51287],{"class":156},[20,57726,57727],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[39,57729,57731],{"id":57730},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[1327,57733,57735],{"id":57734},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[44,57737,57739],{"className":46,"code":57738,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57740,57741,57769,57787,57791],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57742,57743,57745,57747,57749,57751,57753,57755,57757,57759,57761,57763,57765,57767],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57744,60],{"class":59},[53,57746,31],{"class":63},[53,57748,67],{"class":66},[53,57750,1188],{"class":70},[53,57752,74],{"class":66},[53,57754,1193],{"class":70},[53,57756,74],{"class":66},[53,57758,5890],{"class":70},[53,57760,74],{"class":66},[53,57762,1198],{"class":70},[53,57764,74],{"class":66},[53,57766,5890],{"class":70},[53,57768,85],{"class":66},[53,57770,57771,57773,57775,57777,57779,57781,57783,57785],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,57772,2117],{"class":59},[53,57774,31],{"class":63},[53,57776,96],{"class":59},[53,57778,99],{"class":66},[53,57780,41131],{"class":102},[53,57782,127],{"class":66},[53,57784,1188],{"class":70},[53,57786,133],{"class":66},[53,57788,57789],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,57790,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,57792,57793,57795,57797,57799],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,57794,145],{"class":144},[53,57796,127],{"class":66},[53,57798,2152],{"class":102},[53,57800,133],{"class":66},[20,57802,301],{},[44,57804,57805],{"className":46,"code":46489,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,57806,57807],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57808,57809],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57810,46489],{"class":70},[1327,57812,57814],{"id":57813},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[44,57816,57818],{"className":46,"code":57817,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57819,57820,57862,57884,57888],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57821,57822,57824,57826,57828,57830,57832,57834,57836,57838,57841,57843,57845,57847,57849,57851,57853,57855,57858,57860],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57823,3959],{"class":59},[53,57825,31],{"class":63},[53,57827,67],{"class":66},[53,57829,229],{"class":228},[53,57831,36921],{"class":232},[53,57833,229],{"class":228},[53,57835,74],{"class":66},[53,57837,240],{"class":228},[53,57839,57840],{"class":232},"dog",[53,57842,229],{"class":228},[53,57844,74],{"class":66},[53,57846,240],{"class":228},[53,57848,36921],{"class":232},[53,57850,229],{"class":228},[53,57852,74],{"class":66},[53,57854,240],{"class":228},[53,57856,57857],{"class":232},"bird",[53,57859,229],{"class":228},[53,57861,85],{"class":66},[53,57863,57864,57866,57868,57870,57872,57874,57876,57878,57880,57882],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,57865,2117],{"class":59},[53,57867,31],{"class":63},[53,57869,6054],{"class":59},[53,57871,99],{"class":66},[53,57873,41131],{"class":102},[53,57875,127],{"class":66},[53,57877,229],{"class":228},[53,57879,36921],{"class":232},[53,57881,229],{"class":228},[53,57883,133],{"class":66},[53,57885,57886],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,57887,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,57889,57890,57892,57894,57896],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,57891,145],{"class":144},[53,57893,127],{"class":66},[53,57895,2152],{"class":102},[53,57897,133],{"class":66},[20,57899,301],{},[44,57901,57902],{"className":46,"code":16926,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,57903,57904],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57905,57906],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57907,16926],{"class":70},[1327,57909,57911],{"id":57910},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[44,57913,57915],{"className":46,"code":57914,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57916,57917,57941,57959,57963],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57918,57919,57921,57923,57925,57927,57929,57931,57933,57935,57937,57939],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57920,60],{"class":59},[53,57922,31],{"class":63},[53,57924,67],{"class":66},[53,57926,71],{"class":70},[53,57928,74],{"class":66},[53,57930,77],{"class":70},[53,57932,74],{"class":66},[53,57934,82],{"class":70},[53,57936,74],{"class":66},[53,57938,597],{"class":70},[53,57940,85],{"class":66},[53,57942,57943,57945,57947,57949,57951,57953,57955,57957],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,57944,2117],{"class":59},[53,57946,31],{"class":63},[53,57948,96],{"class":59},[53,57950,99],{"class":66},[53,57952,41131],{"class":102},[53,57954,127],{"class":66},[53,57956,2024],{"class":70},[53,57958,133],{"class":66},[53,57960,57961],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,57962,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,57964,57965,57967,57969,57971],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,57966,145],{"class":144},[53,57968,127],{"class":66},[53,57970,2152],{"class":102},[53,57972,133],{"class":66},[20,57974,301],{},[44,57976,57977],{"className":46,"code":47124,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,57978,57979],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57980,57981],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57982,47124],{"class":70},[1327,57984,57986],{"id":57985},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[44,57988,57990],{"className":46,"code":57989,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57991,57992,58038,58060,58064],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57993,57994,57996,57998,58000,58002,58004,58006,58008,58010,58012,58014,58016,58018,58020,58022,58024,58026,58028,58030,58032,58034,58036],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57995,9053],{"class":59},[53,57997,31],{"class":63},[53,57999,801],{"class":66},[53,58001,71],{"class":70},[53,58003,74],{"class":66},[53,58005,77],{"class":70},[53,58007,810],{"class":66},[53,58009,67],{"class":66},[53,58011,71],{"class":70},[53,58013,74],{"class":66},[53,58015,77],{"class":70},[53,58017,810],{"class":66},[53,58019,67],{"class":66},[53,58021,1589],{"class":70},[53,58023,74],{"class":66},[53,58025,82],{"class":70},[53,58027,810],{"class":66},[53,58029,67],{"class":66},[53,58031,71],{"class":70},[53,58033,74],{"class":66},[53,58035,77],{"class":70},[53,58037,822],{"class":66},[53,58039,58040,58042,58044,58046,58048,58050,58052,58054,58056,58058],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,58041,2117],{"class":59},[53,58043,31],{"class":63},[53,58045,14439],{"class":59},[53,58047,99],{"class":66},[53,58049,41131],{"class":102},[53,58051,2873],{"class":66},[53,58053,71],{"class":70},[53,58055,74],{"class":66},[53,58057,77],{"class":70},[53,58059,3777],{"class":66},[53,58061,58062],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,58063,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,58065,58066,58068,58070,58072],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,58067,145],{"class":144},[53,58069,127],{"class":66},[53,58071,2152],{"class":102},[53,58073,133],{"class":66},[20,58075,301],{},[44,58077,58078],{"className":46,"code":46489,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,58079,58080],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,58081,58082],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,58083,46489],{"class":70},[39,58085,1145,58087],{"id":58086},"when-to-use-count",[15,58088,57003],{},[20,58090,174,58091,58093],{},[15,58092,57003],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,58095,58096],{},"Good use cases:",[194,58098,58099,58102,58105],{},[197,58100,58101],{},"counting one specific item",[197,58103,58104],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[197,58106,58107],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,58109,211],{},[44,58111,58113],{"className":46,"code":58112,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,58114,58115,58156,58180,58184],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,58116,58117,58120,58122,58124,58126,58128,58130,58132,58134,58136,58138,58140,58142,58144,58146,58148,58150,58152,58154],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,58118,58119],{"class":59},"votes ",[53,58121,31],{"class":63},[53,58123,67],{"class":66},[53,58125,229],{"class":228},[53,58127,8544],{"class":232},[53,58129,229],{"class":228},[53,58131,74],{"class":66},[53,58133,240],{"class":228},[53,58135,8484],{"class":232},[53,58137,229],{"class":228},[53,58139,74],{"class":66},[53,58141,240],{"class":228},[53,58143,8544],{"class":232},[53,58145,229],{"class":228},[53,58147,74],{"class":66},[53,58149,240],{"class":228},[53,58151,8544],{"class":232},[53,58153,229],{"class":228},[53,58155,85],{"class":66},[53,58157,58158,58161,58163,58166,58168,58170,58172,58174,58176,58178],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,58159,58160],{"class":59},"yes_votes ",[53,58162,31],{"class":63},[53,58164,58165],{"class":59}," votes",[53,58167,99],{"class":66},[53,58169,41131],{"class":102},[53,58171,127],{"class":66},[53,58173,229],{"class":228},[53,58175,8544],{"class":232},[53,58177,229],{"class":228},[53,58179,133],{"class":66},[53,58181,58182],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,58183,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,58185,58186,58188,58190,58193],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,58187,145],{"class":144},[53,58189,127],{"class":66},[53,58191,58192],{"class":102},"yes_votes",[53,58194,133],{"class":66},[20,58196,58197,58199],{},[15,58198,57003],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,58201,58202,58203,960,58205,99],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[758,58204,761],{"href":760},[758,58206,58208],{"href":58207},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[39,58210,2716],{"id":2715},[20,58212,8333,58213,99],{},[15,58214,57008],{},[1327,58216,58218],{"id":58217},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,58220,58221,58223],{},[15,58222,57008],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[44,58225,58227],{"className":46,"code":58226,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,58228,58229,58262],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,58230,58231,58233,58235,58237,58239,58242,58244,58246,58248,58250,58252,58254,58256,58258,58260],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,58232,3959],{"class":59},[53,58234,31],{"class":63},[53,58236,67],{"class":66},[53,58238,229],{"class":228},[53,58240,58241],{"class":232},"apple pie",[53,58243,229],{"class":228},[53,58245,74],{"class":66},[53,58247,240],{"class":228},[53,58249,243],{"class":232},[53,58251,229],{"class":228},[53,58253,74],{"class":66},[53,58255,240],{"class":228},[53,58257,58241],{"class":232},[53,58259,229],{"class":228},[53,58261,85],{"class":66},[53,58263,58264,58266,58268,58270,58272,58274,58276,58278,58280,58282,58284],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,58265,145],{"class":144},[53,58267,127],{"class":66},[53,58269,4001],{"class":102},[53,58271,99],{"class":66},[53,58273,41131],{"class":102},[53,58275,127],{"class":66},[53,58277,229],{"class":228},[53,58279,233],{"class":232},[53,58281,229],{"class":228},[53,58283,5245],{"class":66},[53,58285,51119],{"class":156},[20,58287,2376,58288,1744],{},[15,58289,852],{},[20,58291,28932,58292,58294,58295,99],{},[15,58293,57546],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,58296,58297],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,58299,58300,58301,99],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,58302,58303],{},"str.count()",[1327,58305,8339,58307,8342,58309,2765,58311],{"id":58306},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,58308,57003],{},[15,58310,3492],{},[15,58312,3560],{},[20,58314,58315,58317],{},[15,58316,57003],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[44,58319,58321],{"className":46,"code":58320,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,58322,58323,58347],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,58324,58325,58327,58329,58331,58333,58335,58337,58339,58341,58343,58345],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,58326,60],{"class":59},[53,58328,31],{"class":63},[53,58330,67],{"class":66},[53,58332,71],{"class":70},[53,58334,74],{"class":66},[53,58336,77],{"class":70},[53,58338,74],{"class":66},[53,58340,77],{"class":70},[53,58342,74],{"class":66},[53,58344,82],{"class":70},[53,58346,85],{"class":66},[53,58348,58349,58351,58353,58355,58357,58359,58361,58363,58365],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,58350,145],{"class":144},[53,58352,127],{"class":66},[53,58354,150],{"class":102},[53,58356,99],{"class":66},[53,58358,41131],{"class":102},[53,58360,127],{"class":66},[53,58362,1589],{"class":70},[53,58364,5245],{"class":66},[53,58366,51287],{"class":156},[20,58368,58369],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[44,58371,58373],{"className":46,"code":58372,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58374,58375],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,58376,58377,58379,58381,58383,58385,58387,58389],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,58378,145],{"class":144},[53,58380,127],{"class":66},[53,58382,1589],{"class":70},[53,58384,21042],{"class":3764},[53,58386,96],{"class":102},[53,58388,153],{"class":66},[53,58390,3550],{"class":156},[1327,58392,58394],{"id":58393},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[44,58396,58398],{"className":46,"code":58397,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,58399,58400,58433],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,58401,58402,58404,58406,58408,58410,58412,58414,58416,58418,58420,58422,58424,58426,58429,58431],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,58403,4880],{"class":59},[53,58405,31],{"class":63},[53,58407,67],{"class":66},[53,58409,229],{"class":228},[53,58411,7564],{"class":232},[53,58413,229],{"class":228},[53,58415,74],{"class":66},[53,58417,240],{"class":228},[53,58419,20086],{"class":232},[53,58421,229],{"class":228},[53,58423,74],{"class":66},[53,58425,240],{"class":228},[53,58427,58428],{"class":232},"SAM",[53,58430,229],{"class":228},[53,58432,85],{"class":66},[53,58434,58435,58437,58439,58441,58443,58445,58447,58449,58451,58453,58455],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,58436,145],{"class":144},[53,58438,127],{"class":66},[53,58440,4923],{"class":102},[53,58442,99],{"class":66},[53,58444,41131],{"class":102},[53,58446,127],{"class":66},[53,58448,229],{"class":228},[53,58450,20086],{"class":232},[53,58452,229],{"class":228},[53,58454,5245],{"class":66},[53,58456,27650],{"class":156},[20,58458,58459,58460,58463],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,58461,58462],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[1327,58465,29521,58467,33421],{"id":58466},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,58468,57003],{},[20,58470,58471],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[44,58473,58475],{"className":46,"code":58474,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,58476,58477,58487,58501,58519,58533,58545],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,58478,58479,58481,58483,58485],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,58480,145],{"class":144},[53,58482,127],{"class":66},[53,58484,8225],{"class":102},[53,58486,133],{"class":66},[53,58488,58489,58491,58493,58495,58497,58499],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,58490,145],{"class":144},[53,58492,127],{"class":66},[53,58494,1705],{"class":1704},[53,58496,127],{"class":66},[53,58498,8225],{"class":102},[53,58500,1713],{"class":66},[53,58502,58503,58505,58507,58509,58511,58513,58515,58517],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,58504,145],{"class":144},[53,58506,127],{"class":66},[53,58508,8225],{"class":102},[53,58510,99],{"class":66},[53,58512,41131],{"class":102},[53,58514,127],{"class":66},[53,58516,2360],{"class":102},[53,58518,1713],{"class":66},[53,58520,58521,58523,58525,58527,58529,58531],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,58522,145],{"class":144},[53,58524,127],{"class":66},[53,58526,2335],{"class":102},[53,58528,3771],{"class":3764},[53,58530,8282],{"class":102},[53,58532,133],{"class":66},[53,58534,58535,58537,58539,58541,58543],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,58536,5843],{"class":3764},[53,58538,5846],{"class":59},[53,58540,3771],{"class":3764},[53,58542,8282],{"class":59},[53,58544,6280],{"class":66},[53,58546,58547,58549,58551,58553,58555,58557],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,58548,7954],{"class":144},[53,58550,127],{"class":66},[53,58552,41651],{"class":144},[53,58554,127],{"class":66},[53,58556,23180],{"class":102},[53,58558,1713],{"class":66},[20,58560,58561],{},"These checks can help you see:",[194,58563,58564,58567,58570],{},[197,58565,58566],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[197,58568,58569],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[197,58571,58572],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,58574,58575],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[194,58577,58578,58583,58586,58593],{},[197,58579,50365,58580,58582],{},[15,58581,57003],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[197,58584,58585],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[197,58587,10995,58588,58590,58591],{},[15,58589,57008],{}," with string ",[15,58592,57003],{},[197,58594,58595],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[39,58597,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,58599,1729,58601,58603],{"id":58600},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,58602,57008],{}," change the list?",[20,58605,58606],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[1327,58608,58610],{"id":58609},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,58612,11801,58613,99],{},[15,58614,852],{},[1327,58616,5053,58618,58620],{"id":58617},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,58619,57008],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,58622,58623],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[1327,58625,1756,58627,58629],{"id":58626},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,58628,57008],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,58631,1769,58632,960,58634,58636],{},[15,58633,57549],{},[15,58635,57546],{}," are different values.",[1327,58638,5041,58640,58642,58643,1744],{"id":58639},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,58641,3492],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,58644,71],{},[20,58646,8672,58647,58649,58650,960,58652,58649,58654,99],{},[15,58648,3492],{}," compares equal to ",[15,58651,71],{},[15,58653,3560],{},[15,58655,852],{},[39,58657,1788],{"id":1787},[194,58659,58660,58664,58670,58674,58682,58689],{},[197,58661,58662],{},[758,58663,761],{"href":760},[197,58665,58666],{},[758,58667,58669],{"href":58668},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[197,58671,58672],{},[758,58673,6822],{"href":6083},[197,58675,58676],{},[758,58677,1312,58679,1316],{"href":58678},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,58680,58681],{},"index()",[197,58683,58684],{},[758,58685,3463,58687],{"href":58686},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,58688,42232],{},[197,58690,58691],{},[758,58692,58693],{"href":58207},"What is a list in Python",[1817,58695,58696],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":58698},[58699,58700,58702,58703,58704,58710,58716,58718,58726,58737],{"id":3496,"depth":88,"text":3497},{"id":57100,"depth":88,"text":58701},"What list.count() does",{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372},{"id":37894,"depth":88,"text":37895},{"id":57422,"depth":88,"text":57423,"children":58705},[58706,58707,58709],{"id":57454,"depth":109,"text":57455},{"id":57553,"depth":109,"text":58708},"1 and True can match",{"id":57652,"depth":109,"text":57653},{"id":57730,"depth":88,"text":57731,"children":58711},[58712,58713,58714,58715],{"id":57734,"depth":109,"text":57735},{"id":57813,"depth":109,"text":57814},{"id":57910,"depth":109,"text":57911},{"id":57985,"depth":109,"text":57986},{"id":58086,"depth":88,"text":58717},"When to use count()",{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716,"children":58719},[58720,58721,58723,58724],{"id":58217,"depth":109,"text":58218},{"id":58306,"depth":109,"text":58722},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58393,"depth":109,"text":58394},{"id":58466,"depth":109,"text":58725},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":58727},[58728,58730,58731,58733,58735],{"id":58600,"depth":109,"text":58729},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":58609,"depth":109,"text":58610},{"id":58617,"depth":109,"text":58732},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":58626,"depth":109,"text":58734},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":58639,"depth":109,"text":58736},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":56995,"description":58738},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":58745,"title":58746,"body":58747,"description":60710,"extension":1853,"meta":60711,"navigation":112,"path":60712,"seo":60713,"stem":60714,"__hash__":60715},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":58748,"toc":60673},[58749,58752,58755,58757,58885,58889,58970,58981,58983,59002,59006,59009,59012,59030,59032,59075,59079,59104,59113,59117,59122,59125,59242,59246,59315,59319,59331,59335,59338,59379,59383,59396,59399,59484,59488,59521,59528,59534,59539,59541,59553,59557,59590,59594,59626,59630,59667,59671,59691,59695,59729,59733,59762,59773,59777,59780,59783,59796,59853,59857,59896,59902,59905,59907,59910,59914,59917,59942,59944,59969,59976,59979,60024,60028,60047,60050,60089,60096,60101,60135,60139,60240,60247,60280,60284,60310,60314,60317,60355,60358,60395,60399,60402,60421,60425,60486,60488,60506,60510,60513,60516,60545,60547,60551,60554,60562,60566,60569,60589,60595,60601,60605,60608,60615,60623,60625,60664,60670],[10,58750,58746],{"id":58751},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,58753,58754],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[39,58756,3497],{"id":3496},[44,58758,58760],{"className":46,"code":58759,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,58761,58762,58782,58814,58822,58840,58844,58854,58864,58875],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,58763,58764,58766,58768,58770,58772,58774,58776,58778,58780],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,58765,60],{"class":59},[53,58767,31],{"class":63},[53,58769,67],{"class":66},[53,58771,71],{"class":70},[53,58773,74],{"class":66},[53,58775,77],{"class":70},[53,58777,74],{"class":66},[53,58779,82],{"class":70},[53,58781,85],{"class":66},[53,58783,58784,58786,58788,58790,58792,58794,58796,58798,58800,58802,58804,58806,58808,58810,58812],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,58785,4880],{"class":59},[53,58787,31],{"class":63},[53,58789,67],{"class":66},[53,58791,229],{"class":228},[53,58793,12765],{"class":232},[53,58795,229],{"class":228},[53,58797,74],{"class":66},[53,58799,240],{"class":228},[53,58801,35816],{"class":232},[53,58803,229],{"class":228},[53,58805,74],{"class":66},[53,58807,240],{"class":228},[53,58809,35825],{"class":232},[53,58811,229],{"class":228},[53,58813,85],{"class":66},[53,58815,58816,58818,58820],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,58817,426],{"class":59},[53,58819,31],{"class":63},[53,58821,431],{"class":66},[53,58823,58824,58826,58828,58830,58832,58834,58836,58838],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,58825,35966],{"class":59},[53,58827,31],{"class":63},[53,58829,22429],{"class":1704},[53,58831,127],{"class":66},[53,58833,229],{"class":228},[53,58835,41432],{"class":232},[53,58837,229],{"class":228},[53,58839,133],{"class":66},[53,58841,58842],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,58843,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,58845,58846,58848,58850,58852],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,58847,145],{"class":144},[53,58849,127],{"class":66},[53,58851,150],{"class":102},[53,58853,133],{"class":66},[53,58855,58856,58858,58860,58862],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,58857,145],{"class":144},[53,58859,127],{"class":66},[53,58861,4923],{"class":102},[53,58863,133],{"class":66},[53,58865,58866,58868,58870,58873],{"class":55,"line":6312},[53,58867,145],{"class":144},[53,58869,127],{"class":66},[53,58871,58872],{"class":102},"empty_list",[53,58874,133],{"class":66},[53,58876,58877,58879,58881,58883],{"class":55,"line":6318},[53,58878,145],{"class":144},[53,58880,127],{"class":66},[53,58882,36019],{"class":102},[53,58884,133],{"class":66},[20,58886,58887],{},[34,58888,301],{},[44,58890,58892],{"className":46,"code":58891,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,58893,58894,58910,58938,58942],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,58895,58896,58898,58900,58902,58904,58906,58908],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,58897,311],{"class":66},[53,58899,71],{"class":70},[53,58901,74],{"class":66},[53,58903,77],{"class":70},[53,58905,74],{"class":66},[53,58907,82],{"class":70},[53,58909,85],{"class":66},[53,58911,58912,58914,58916,58918,58920,58922,58924,58926,58928,58930,58932,58934,58936],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,58913,311],{"class":66},[53,58915,314],{"class":228},[53,58917,12765],{"class":232},[53,58919,314],{"class":228},[53,58921,74],{"class":66},[53,58923,323],{"class":228},[53,58925,35816],{"class":232},[53,58927,314],{"class":228},[53,58929,74],{"class":66},[53,58931,323],{"class":228},[53,58933,35825],{"class":232},[53,58935,314],{"class":228},[53,58937,85],{"class":66},[53,58939,58940],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,58941,467],{"class":66},[53,58943,58944,58946,58948,58950,58952,58954,58956,58958,58960,58962,58964,58966,58968],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,58945,311],{"class":66},[53,58947,314],{"class":228},[53,58949,758],{"class":232},[53,58951,314],{"class":228},[53,58953,74],{"class":66},[53,58955,323],{"class":228},[53,58957,1376],{"class":232},[53,58959,314],{"class":228},[53,58961,74],{"class":66},[53,58963,323],{"class":228},[53,58965,9628],{"class":232},[53,58967,314],{"class":228},[53,58969,85],{"class":66},[20,58971,58972,58973,58975,58976,58978,58979,99],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,58974,3673],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,58977,24651],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,58980,36073],{},[39,58982,15033],{"id":15032},[194,58984,58985,58988,58991,58994,58999],{},[197,58986,58987],{},"What a list is in Python",[197,58989,58990],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[197,58992,58993],{},"How to create an empty list",[197,58995,58996,58997,2191],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,58998,24651],{},[197,59000,59001],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[39,59003,59005],{"id":59004},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,59007,59008],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,59010,59011],{},"This means:",[194,59013,59014,59017,59020,59023],{},[197,59015,59016],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[197,59018,59019],{},"The order of items is kept",[197,59021,59022],{},"A list can hold different data types",[197,59024,59025,59026,59029],{},"A list is ",[34,59027,59028],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,59031,211],{},[44,59033,59035],{"className":46,"code":59034,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,59036,59037,59061,59065],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59038,59039,59041,59043,59045,59047,59049,59051,59053,59055,59057,59059],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59040,7667],{"class":59},[53,59042,31],{"class":63},[53,59044,67],{"class":66},[53,59046,229],{"class":228},[53,59048,233],{"class":232},[53,59050,229],{"class":228},[53,59052,74],{"class":66},[53,59054,5890],{"class":70},[53,59056,74],{"class":66},[53,59058,3804],{"class":3739},[53,59060,85],{"class":66},[53,59062,59063],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,59064,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,59066,59067,59069,59071,59073],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,59068,145],{"class":144},[53,59070,127],{"class":66},[53,59072,7696],{"class":102},[53,59074,133],{"class":66},[20,59076,59077],{},[34,59078,301],{},[44,59080,59082],{"className":46,"code":59081,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,59083,59084],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59085,59086,59088,59090,59092,59094,59096,59098,59100,59102],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59087,311],{"class":66},[53,59089,314],{"class":228},[53,59091,233],{"class":232},[53,59093,314],{"class":228},[53,59095,74],{"class":66},[53,59097,5890],{"class":70},[53,59099,74],{"class":66},[53,59101,3804],{"class":3739},[53,59103,85],{"class":66},[20,59105,59106,59107,2765,59110,99],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[758,59108,59109],{"href":760},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[758,59111,59112],{"href":58207},"What is a List in Python?",[39,59114,59116],{"id":59115},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,59118,58972,59119,59121],{},[15,59120,3673],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,59123,59124],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[44,59126,59128],{"className":46,"code":59127,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,59129,59130,59150,59182,59207,59211,59221,59231],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59131,59132,59134,59136,59138,59140,59142,59144,59146,59148],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59133,60],{"class":59},[53,59135,31],{"class":63},[53,59137,67],{"class":66},[53,59139,71],{"class":70},[53,59141,74],{"class":66},[53,59143,77],{"class":70},[53,59145,74],{"class":66},[53,59147,82],{"class":70},[53,59149,85],{"class":66},[53,59151,59152,59154,59156,59158,59160,59162,59164,59166,59168,59170,59172,59174,59176,59178,59180],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,59153,4880],{"class":59},[53,59155,31],{"class":63},[53,59157,67],{"class":66},[53,59159,229],{"class":228},[53,59161,12765],{"class":232},[53,59163,229],{"class":228},[53,59165,74],{"class":66},[53,59167,240],{"class":228},[53,59169,35816],{"class":232},[53,59171,229],{"class":228},[53,59173,74],{"class":66},[53,59175,240],{"class":228},[53,59177,35825],{"class":232},[53,59179,229],{"class":228},[53,59181,85],{"class":66},[53,59183,59184,59187,59189,59191,59193,59195,59197,59199,59201,59203,59205],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,59185,59186],{"class":59},"mixed ",[53,59188,31],{"class":63},[53,59190,67],{"class":66},[53,59192,1188],{"class":70},[53,59194,74],{"class":66},[53,59196,240],{"class":228},[53,59198,3732],{"class":232},[53,59200,229],{"class":228},[53,59202,74],{"class":66},[53,59204,3795],{"class":3739},[53,59206,85],{"class":66},[53,59208,59209],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,59210,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,59212,59213,59215,59217,59219],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,59214,145],{"class":144},[53,59216,127],{"class":66},[53,59218,150],{"class":102},[53,59220,133],{"class":66},[53,59222,59223,59225,59227,59229],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,59224,145],{"class":144},[53,59226,127],{"class":66},[53,59228,4923],{"class":102},[53,59230,133],{"class":66},[53,59232,59233,59235,59237,59240],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,59234,145],{"class":144},[53,59236,127],{"class":66},[53,59238,59239],{"class":102},"mixed",[53,59241,133],{"class":66},[20,59243,59244],{},[34,59245,301],{},[44,59247,59249],{"className":46,"code":59248,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,59250,59251,59267,59295],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59252,59253,59255,59257,59259,59261,59263,59265],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59254,311],{"class":66},[53,59256,71],{"class":70},[53,59258,74],{"class":66},[53,59260,77],{"class":70},[53,59262,74],{"class":66},[53,59264,82],{"class":70},[53,59266,85],{"class":66},[53,59268,59269,59271,59273,59275,59277,59279,59281,59283,59285,59287,59289,59291,59293],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,59270,311],{"class":66},[53,59272,314],{"class":228},[53,59274,12765],{"class":232},[53,59276,314],{"class":228},[53,59278,74],{"class":66},[53,59280,323],{"class":228},[53,59282,35816],{"class":232},[53,59284,314],{"class":228},[53,59286,74],{"class":66},[53,59288,323],{"class":228},[53,59290,35825],{"class":232},[53,59292,314],{"class":228},[53,59294,85],{"class":66},[53,59296,59297,59299,59301,59303,59305,59307,59309,59311,59313],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,59298,311],{"class":66},[53,59300,1188],{"class":70},[53,59302,74],{"class":66},[53,59304,323],{"class":228},[53,59306,3732],{"class":232},[53,59308,314],{"class":228},[53,59310,74],{"class":66},[53,59312,3795],{"class":3739},[53,59314,85],{"class":66},[1327,59316,59318],{"id":59317},"key-points","Key points",[194,59320,59321,59326,59328],{},[197,59322,174,59323,59325],{},[15,59324,3673],{}," to make a new list",[197,59327,15303],{},[197,59329,59330],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[39,59332,59334],{"id":59333},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,59336,59337],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[44,59339,59341],{"className":46,"code":59340,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,59342,59343,59351,59355,59365],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59344,59345,59347,59349],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59346,8194],{"class":59},[53,59348,31],{"class":63},[53,59350,431],{"class":66},[53,59352,59353],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,59354,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,59356,59357,59359,59361,59363],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,59358,145],{"class":144},[53,59360,127],{"class":66},[53,59362,8225],{"class":102},[53,59364,133],{"class":66},[53,59366,59367,59369,59371,59373,59375,59377],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,59368,145],{"class":144},[53,59370,127],{"class":66},[53,59372,11050],{"class":144},[53,59374,127],{"class":66},[53,59376,8225],{"class":102},[53,59378,1713],{"class":66},[20,59380,59381],{},[34,59382,301],{},[44,59384,59386],{"className":46,"code":59385,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[]\n0\n",[15,59387,59388,59392],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59389,59390],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59391,467],{"class":66},[53,59393,59394],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,59395,47124],{"class":70},[20,59397,59398],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[44,59400,59402],{"className":46,"code":59401,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59403,59404,59412,59416,59434,59452,59470,59474],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59405,59406,59408,59410],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59407,4880],{"class":59},[53,59409,31],{"class":63},[53,59411,431],{"class":66},[53,59413,59414],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,59415,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,59417,59418,59420,59422,59424,59426,59428,59430,59432],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,59419,4923],{"class":59},[53,59421,99],{"class":66},[53,59423,124],{"class":102},[53,59425,127],{"class":66},[53,59427,229],{"class":228},[53,59429,12765],{"class":232},[53,59431,229],{"class":228},[53,59433,133],{"class":66},[53,59435,59436,59438,59440,59442,59444,59446,59448,59450],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,59437,4923],{"class":59},[53,59439,99],{"class":66},[53,59441,124],{"class":102},[53,59443,127],{"class":66},[53,59445,229],{"class":228},[53,59447,35816],{"class":232},[53,59449,229],{"class":228},[53,59451,133],{"class":66},[53,59453,59454,59456,59458,59460,59462,59464,59466,59468],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,59455,4923],{"class":59},[53,59457,99],{"class":66},[53,59459,124],{"class":102},[53,59461,127],{"class":66},[53,59463,229],{"class":228},[53,59465,35825],{"class":232},[53,59467,229],{"class":228},[53,59469,133],{"class":66},[53,59471,59472],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,59473,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,59475,59476,59478,59480,59482],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,59477,145],{"class":144},[53,59479,127],{"class":66},[53,59481,4923],{"class":102},[53,59483,133],{"class":66},[20,59485,59486],{},[34,59487,301],{},[44,59489,59491],{"className":46,"code":59490,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,59492,59493],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59494,59495,59497,59499,59501,59503,59505,59507,59509,59511,59513,59515,59517,59519],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59496,311],{"class":66},[53,59498,314],{"class":228},[53,59500,12765],{"class":232},[53,59502,314],{"class":228},[53,59504,74],{"class":66},[53,59506,323],{"class":228},[53,59508,35816],{"class":232},[53,59510,314],{"class":228},[53,59512,74],{"class":66},[53,59514,323],{"class":228},[53,59516,35825],{"class":232},[53,59518,314],{"class":228},[53,59520,85],{"class":66},[20,59522,59523,59524,99],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[758,59525,59526,1316],{"href":1311},[15,59527,1315],{},[39,59529,59531,59532],{"id":59530},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,59533,24651],{},[20,59535,174,59536,59538],{},[15,59537,24651],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,59540,5341],{},[194,59542,59543,59545,59547,59549],{},[197,59544,5192],{},[197,59546,5186],{},[197,59548,5189],{},[197,59550,59551],{},[15,59552,36073],{},[1327,59554,59556],{"id":59555},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[44,59558,59560],{"className":46,"code":59559,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59561,59562,59580],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59563,59564,59566,59568,59570,59572,59574,59576,59578],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59565,35966],{"class":59},[53,59567,31],{"class":63},[53,59569,22429],{"class":1704},[53,59571,127],{"class":66},[53,59573,229],{"class":228},[53,59575,41432],{"class":232},[53,59577,229],{"class":228},[53,59579,133],{"class":66},[53,59581,59582,59584,59586,59588],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,59583,145],{"class":144},[53,59585,127],{"class":66},[53,59587,36019],{"class":102},[53,59589,133],{"class":66},[20,59591,59592],{},[34,59593,301],{},[44,59595,59596],{"className":46,"code":42747,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,59597,59598],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59599,59600,59602,59604,59606,59608,59610,59612,59614,59616,59618,59620,59622,59624],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59601,311],{"class":66},[53,59603,314],{"class":228},[53,59605,758],{"class":232},[53,59607,314],{"class":228},[53,59609,74],{"class":66},[53,59611,323],{"class":228},[53,59613,1376],{"class":232},[53,59615,314],{"class":228},[53,59617,74],{"class":66},[53,59619,323],{"class":228},[53,59621,9628],{"class":232},[53,59623,314],{"class":228},[53,59625,85],{"class":66},[1327,59627,59629],{"id":59628},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[44,59631,59633],{"className":46,"code":59632,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,59634,59635,59657],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59636,59637,59639,59641,59643,59645,59647,59649,59651,59653,59655],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59638,60],{"class":59},[53,59640,31],{"class":63},[53,59642,22429],{"class":1704},[53,59644,5395],{"class":66},[53,59646,71],{"class":70},[53,59648,74],{"class":66},[53,59650,77],{"class":70},[53,59652,74],{"class":66},[53,59654,82],{"class":70},[53,59656,1713],{"class":66},[53,59658,59659,59661,59663,59665],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,59660,145],{"class":144},[53,59662,127],{"class":66},[53,59664,150],{"class":102},[53,59666,133],{"class":66},[20,59668,59669],{},[34,59670,301],{},[44,59672,59673],{"className":46,"code":55015,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,59674,59675],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59676,59677,59679,59681,59683,59685,59687,59689],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59678,311],{"class":66},[53,59680,71],{"class":70},[53,59682,74],{"class":66},[53,59684,77],{"class":70},[53,59686,74],{"class":66},[53,59688,82],{"class":70},[53,59690,85],{"class":66},[1327,59692,59694],{"id":59693},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[44,59696,59698],{"className":46,"code":59697,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,59699,59700,59719],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59701,59702,59704,59706,59708,59710,59713,59715,59717],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59703,3709],{"class":59},[53,59705,31],{"class":63},[53,59707,22429],{"class":1704},[53,59709,127],{"class":66},[53,59711,59712],{"class":144},"range",[53,59714,127],{"class":66},[53,59716,2024],{"class":70},[53,59718,1713],{"class":66},[53,59720,59721,59723,59725,59727],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,59722,145],{"class":144},[53,59724,127],{"class":66},[53,59726,5242],{"class":102},[53,59728,133],{"class":66},[20,59730,59731],{},[34,59732,301],{},[44,59734,59736],{"className":46,"code":59735,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,59737,59738],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59739,59740,59742,59744,59746,59748,59750,59752,59754,59756,59758,59760],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59741,311],{"class":66},[53,59743,852],{"class":70},[53,59745,74],{"class":66},[53,59747,5382],{"class":70},[53,59749,74],{"class":66},[53,59751,77],{"class":70},[53,59753,74],{"class":66},[53,59755,82],{"class":70},[53,59757,74],{"class":66},[53,59759,597],{"class":70},[53,59761,85],{"class":66},[20,59763,59764,59766,59767,99],{},[15,59765,24651],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[758,59768,59770,59772],{"href":59769},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,59771,24651],{},": Function Explained",[39,59774,59776],{"id":59775},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,59778,59779],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,59781,59782],{},"Examples include:",[194,59784,59785,59787,59789,59791,59793],{},[197,59786,5192],{},[197,59788,40297],{},[197,59790,51918],{},[197,59792,40467],{},[197,59794,59795],{},"other lists",[44,59797,59799],{"className":46,"code":59798,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,59800,59801,59839,59843],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59802,59803,59805,59807,59809,59811,59813,59815,59817,59819,59821,59823,59825,59827,59829,59831,59833,59835,59837],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59804,9053],{"class":59},[53,59806,31],{"class":63},[53,59808,67],{"class":66},[53,59810,229],{"class":228},[53,59812,12765],{"class":232},[53,59814,229],{"class":228},[53,59816,74],{"class":66},[53,59818,9194],{"class":70},[53,59820,74],{"class":66},[53,59822,3804],{"class":3739},[53,59824,74],{"class":66},[53,59826,67],{"class":66},[53,59828,71],{"class":70},[53,59830,74],{"class":66},[53,59832,77],{"class":70},[53,59834,74],{"class":66},[53,59836,82],{"class":70},[53,59838,822],{"class":66},[53,59840,59841],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,59842,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,59844,59845,59847,59849,59851],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,59846,145],{"class":144},[53,59848,127],{"class":66},[53,59850,9092],{"class":102},[53,59852,133],{"class":66},[20,59854,59855],{},[34,59856,301],{},[44,59858,59860],{"className":46,"code":59859,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,59861,59862],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59863,59864,59866,59868,59870,59872,59874,59876,59878,59880,59882,59884,59886,59888,59890,59892,59894],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59865,311],{"class":66},[53,59867,314],{"class":228},[53,59869,12765],{"class":232},[53,59871,314],{"class":228},[53,59873,74],{"class":66},[53,59875,9194],{"class":70},[53,59877,74],{"class":66},[53,59879,3804],{"class":3739},[53,59881,74],{"class":66},[53,59883,67],{"class":66},[53,59885,71],{"class":70},[53,59887,74],{"class":66},[53,59889,77],{"class":70},[53,59891,74],{"class":66},[53,59893,82],{"class":70},[53,59895,822],{"class":66},[20,59897,59898,59899,99],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[34,59900,59901],{},"nested list",[20,59903,59904],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[39,59906,1320],{"id":1319},[20,59908,59909],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[1327,59911,59913],{"id":59912},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,59915,59916],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[44,59918,59920],{"className":46,"code":59919,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,59921,59922,59926],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59923,59924],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59925,4421],{"class":156},[53,59927,59928,59930,59932,59934,59936,59938,59940],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,59929,60],{"class":59},[53,59931,31],{"class":63},[53,59933,67],{"class":66},[53,59935,71],{"class":70},[53,59937,77],{"class":70},[53,59939,82],{"class":70},[53,59941,85],{"class":66},[20,59943,10695],{},[44,59945,59947],{"className":46,"code":59946,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,59948,59949],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59950,59951,59953,59955,59957,59959,59961,59963,59965,59967],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59952,60],{"class":59},[53,59954,31],{"class":63},[53,59956,67],{"class":66},[53,59958,71],{"class":70},[53,59960,74],{"class":66},[53,59962,77],{"class":70},[53,59964,74],{"class":66},[53,59966,82],{"class":70},[53,59968,85],{"class":66},[1327,59970,485,59972,10980,59974],{"id":59971},"using-instead-of",[15,59973,7253],{},[15,59975,3673],{},[20,59977,59978],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[44,59980,59982],{"className":46,"code":59981,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,59983,59984,60005,60009],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59985,59986,59989,59991,59993,59995,59997,59999,60001,60003],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59987,59988],{"class":59},"my_values ",[53,59990,31],{"class":63},[53,59992,9124],{"class":66},[53,59994,71],{"class":70},[53,59996,74],{"class":66},[53,59998,77],{"class":70},[53,60000,74],{"class":66},[53,60002,82],{"class":70},[53,60004,133],{"class":66},[53,60006,60007],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,60008,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,60010,60011,60013,60015,60017,60019,60022],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,60012,145],{"class":144},[53,60014,127],{"class":66},[53,60016,1705],{"class":1704},[53,60018,127],{"class":66},[53,60020,60021],{"class":102},"my_values",[53,60023,1713],{"class":66},[20,60025,60026],{},[34,60027,301],{},[44,60029,60031],{"className":46,"code":60030,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,60032,60033],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,60034,60035,60037,60039,60041,60043,60045],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,60036,3178],{"class":63},[53,60038,3181],{"class":1954},[53,60040,323],{"class":228},[53,60042,48826],{"class":232},[53,60044,314],{"class":228},[53,60046,3190],{"class":63},[20,60048,60049],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[44,60051,60053],{"className":46,"code":60052,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60054,60055,60075],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,60056,60057,60059,60061,60063,60065,60067,60069,60071,60073],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,60058,59988],{"class":59},[53,60060,31],{"class":63},[53,60062,67],{"class":66},[53,60064,71],{"class":70},[53,60066,74],{"class":66},[53,60068,77],{"class":70},[53,60070,74],{"class":66},[53,60072,82],{"class":70},[53,60074,85],{"class":66},[53,60076,60077,60079,60081,60083,60085,60087],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,60078,145],{"class":144},[53,60080,127],{"class":66},[53,60082,1705],{"class":1704},[53,60084,127],{"class":66},[53,60086,60021],{"class":102},[53,60088,1713],{"class":66},[1327,60090,8339,60092,60095],{"id":60091},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,60093,60094],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,60097,60098,60100],{},[15,60099,24651],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[44,60102,60104],{"className":46,"code":60103,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,60105,60106,60125],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,60107,60108,60110,60112,60114,60116,60118,60121,60123],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,60109,2117],{"class":59},[53,60111,31],{"class":63},[53,60113,22429],{"class":1704},[53,60115,127],{"class":66},[53,60117,229],{"class":228},[53,60119,60120],{"class":232},"hello world",[53,60122,229],{"class":228},[53,60124,133],{"class":66},[53,60126,60127,60129,60131,60133],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,60128,145],{"class":144},[53,60130,127],{"class":66},[53,60132,2152],{"class":102},[53,60134,133],{"class":66},[20,60136,60137],{},[34,60138,301],{},[44,60140,60142],{"className":46,"code":60141,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,60143,60144],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,60145,60146,60148,60150,60153,60155,60157,60159,60162,60164,60166,60168,60171,60173,60175,60177,60179,60181,60183,60185,60188,60190,60192,60194,60196,60198,60200,60203,60205,60207,60209,60211,60213,60215,60217,60220,60222,60224,60226,60228,60230,60232,60234,60236,60238],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,60147,311],{"class":66},[53,60149,314],{"class":228},[53,60151,60152],{"class":232},"h",[53,60154,314],{"class":228},[53,60156,74],{"class":66},[53,60158,323],{"class":228},[53,60160,60161],{"class":232},"e",[53,60163,314],{"class":228},[53,60165,74],{"class":66},[53,60167,323],{"class":228},[53,60169,60170],{"class":232},"l",[53,60172,314],{"class":228},[53,60174,74],{"class":66},[53,60176,323],{"class":228},[53,60178,60170],{"class":232},[53,60180,314],{"class":228},[53,60182,74],{"class":66},[53,60184,323],{"class":228},[53,60186,60187],{"class":232},"o",[53,60189,314],{"class":228},[53,60191,74],{"class":66},[53,60193,323],{"class":228},[53,60195,323],{"class":228},[53,60197,74],{"class":66},[53,60199,323],{"class":228},[53,60201,60202],{"class":232},"w",[53,60204,314],{"class":228},[53,60206,74],{"class":66},[53,60208,323],{"class":228},[53,60210,60187],{"class":232},[53,60212,314],{"class":228},[53,60214,74],{"class":66},[53,60216,323],{"class":228},[53,60218,60219],{"class":232},"r",[53,60221,314],{"class":228},[53,60223,74],{"class":66},[53,60225,323],{"class":228},[53,60227,60170],{"class":232},[53,60229,314],{"class":228},[53,60231,74],{"class":66},[53,60233,323],{"class":228},[53,60235,18635],{"class":232},[53,60237,314],{"class":228},[53,60239,85],{"class":66},[20,60241,60242,60243,60246],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,60244,60245],{},"split()"," instead:",[44,60248,60250],{"className":46,"code":60249,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,60251,60252,60270],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,60253,60254,60256,60258,60260,60262,60264,60266,60268],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,60255,3959],{"class":59},[53,60257,31],{"class":63},[53,60259,240],{"class":228},[53,60261,60120],{"class":232},[53,60263,229],{"class":228},[53,60265,99],{"class":66},[53,60267,34342],{"class":102},[53,60269,106],{"class":66},[53,60271,60272,60274,60276,60278],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,60273,145],{"class":144},[53,60275,127],{"class":66},[53,60277,4001],{"class":102},[53,60279,133],{"class":66},[20,60281,60282],{},[34,60283,301],{},[44,60285,60287],{"className":46,"code":60286,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,60288,60289],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,60290,60291,60293,60295,60297,60299,60301,60303,60306,60308],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,60292,311],{"class":66},[53,60294,314],{"class":228},[53,60296,3732],{"class":232},[53,60298,314],{"class":228},[53,60300,74],{"class":66},[53,60302,323],{"class":228},[53,60304,60305],{"class":232},"world",[53,60307,314],{"class":228},[53,60309,85],{"class":66},[1327,60311,60313],{"id":60312},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,60315,60316],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[44,60318,60320],{"className":46,"code":60319,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60321,60322,60326],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,60323,60324],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,60325,4421],{"class":156},[53,60327,60328,60330,60332,60334,60336,60338,60340,60342,60344,60347,60349,60351,60353],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,60329,4880],{"class":59},[53,60331,31],{"class":63},[53,60333,67],{"class":66},[53,60335,229],{"class":228},[53,60337,12765],{"class":232},[53,60339,229],{"class":228},[53,60341,74],{"class":66},[53,60343,240],{"class":228},[53,60345,60346],{"class":232},"Ben', ",[53,60348,229],{"class":228},[53,60350,35825],{"class":59},[53,60352,229],{"class":228},[53,60354,85],{"class":232},[20,60356,60357],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[44,60359,60361],{"className":46,"code":60360,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60362,60363],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,60364,60365,60367,60369,60371,60373,60375,60377,60379,60381,60383,60385,60387,60389,60391,60393],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,60366,4880],{"class":59},[53,60368,31],{"class":63},[53,60370,67],{"class":66},[53,60372,229],{"class":228},[53,60374,12765],{"class":232},[53,60376,229],{"class":228},[53,60378,74],{"class":66},[53,60380,240],{"class":228},[53,60382,35816],{"class":232},[53,60384,229],{"class":228},[53,60386,74],{"class":66},[53,60388,240],{"class":228},[53,60390,35825],{"class":232},[53,60392,229],{"class":228},[53,60394,85],{"class":66},[1327,60396,60398],{"id":60397},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,60400,60401],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[194,60403,60404,60407,60410,60415],{},[197,60405,60406],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[197,60408,60409],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[197,60411,60412,60413],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60414,24651],{},[197,60416,8339,60417,60420],{},[15,60418,60419],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[1327,60422,60424],{"id":60423},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[44,60426,60428],{"className":46,"code":60427,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60429,60430,60440,60454,60468],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,60431,60432,60434,60436,60438],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,60433,145],{"class":144},[53,60435,127],{"class":66},[53,60437,8225],{"class":102},[53,60439,133],{"class":66},[53,60441,60442,60444,60446,60448,60450,60452],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,60443,145],{"class":144},[53,60445,127],{"class":66},[53,60447,1705],{"class":1704},[53,60449,127],{"class":66},[53,60451,8225],{"class":102},[53,60453,1713],{"class":66},[53,60455,60456,60458,60460,60462,60464,60466],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,60457,145],{"class":144},[53,60459,127],{"class":66},[53,60461,11050],{"class":144},[53,60463,127],{"class":66},[53,60465,8225],{"class":102},[53,60467,1713],{"class":66},[53,60469,60470,60472,60474,60476,60478,60480,60482,60484],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,60471,145],{"class":144},[53,60473,127],{"class":66},[53,60475,7979],{"class":1704},[53,60477,127],{"class":66},[53,60479,59712],{"class":144},[53,60481,127],{"class":66},[53,60483,2024],{"class":70},[53,60485,2799],{"class":66},[20,60487,25878],{},[194,60489,60490,60493,60496,60499],{},[197,60491,60492],{},"what the list contains",[197,60494,60495],{},"whether the value is really a list",[197,60497,60498],{},"how many items it has",[197,60500,25889,60501,60503,60504],{},[15,60502,24651],{}," does with ",[15,60505,36073],{},[39,60507,60509],{"id":60508},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,60511,60512],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,60514,60515],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[194,60517,60518,60533,60538],{},[197,60519,174,60520,2076,60524,16942,60528,60532],{},[758,60521,60522],{"href":1311},[15,60523,1315],{},[758,60525,60526],{"href":53212},[15,60527,53314],{},[758,60529,60530],{"href":53775},[15,60531,54135],{}," to add items later",[197,60534,174,60535,60537],{},[758,60536,59109],{"href":760}," for a broader introduction",[197,60539,174,60540,60544],{},[758,60541,60542,59772],{"href":59769},[15,60543,24651],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[39,60546,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,60548,60550],{"id":60549},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,60552,60553],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[44,60555,60556],{"className":46,"code":467,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,60557,60558],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,60559,60560],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,60561,467],{"class":66},[1327,60563,60565],{"id":60564},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,60567,60568],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[44,60570,60571],{"className":46,"code":55015,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,60572,60573],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,60574,60575,60577,60579,60581,60583,60585,60587],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,60576,311],{"class":66},[53,60578,71],{"class":70},[53,60580,74],{"class":66},[53,60582,77],{"class":70},[53,60584,74],{"class":66},[53,60586,82],{"class":70},[53,60588,85],{"class":66},[1327,60590,5025,60592,60594],{"id":60591},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,60593,24651],{}," do in Python?",[20,60596,60597,60598,60600],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,60599,36073],{},", into a list.",[1327,60602,60604],{"id":60603},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,60606,60607],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[1327,60609,1739,60611,960,60613,1744],{"id":60610},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,60612,3673],{},[15,60614,7253],{},[20,60616,60617,60619,60620,60622],{},[15,60618,3673],{}," creates a list. ",[15,60621,7253],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[39,60624,1788],{"id":1787},[194,60626,60627,60631,60637,60643,60649,60655,60659],{},[197,60628,60629],{},[758,60630,59109],{"href":760},[197,60632,60633],{},[758,60634,1312,60635,18],{"href":1311},[15,60636,1315],{},[197,60638,60639],{},[758,60640,1312,60641,18],{"href":53212},[15,60642,53314],{},[197,60644,60645],{},[758,60646,1312,60647,18],{"href":53775},[15,60648,54135],{},[197,60650,60651],{},[758,60652,3463,60653,3467],{"href":59769},[15,60654,24651],{},[197,60656,60657],{},[758,60658,59112],{"href":58207},[197,60660,60661],{},[758,60662,60663],{"href":11955},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,60665,60666,60667,60669],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,60668,1315],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[1817,60671,60672],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":60674},[60675,60676,60677,60678,60681,60682,60688,60689,60699,60700,60709],{"id":3496,"depth":88,"text":3497},{"id":15032,"depth":88,"text":15033},{"id":59004,"depth":88,"text":59005},{"id":59115,"depth":88,"text":59116,"children":60679},[60680],{"id":59317,"depth":109,"text":59318},{"id":59333,"depth":88,"text":59334},{"id":59530,"depth":88,"text":60683,"children":60684},"Create a list with list()",[60685,60686,60687],{"id":59555,"depth":109,"text":59556},{"id":59628,"depth":109,"text":59629},{"id":59693,"depth":109,"text":59694},{"id":59775,"depth":88,"text":59776},{"id":1319,"depth":88,"text":1320,"children":60690},[60691,60692,60694,60696,60697,60698],{"id":59912,"depth":109,"text":59913},{"id":59971,"depth":109,"text":60693},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60091,"depth":109,"text":60695},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60312,"depth":109,"text":60313},{"id":60397,"depth":109,"text":60398},{"id":60423,"depth":109,"text":60424},{"id":60508,"depth":88,"text":60509},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":60701},[60702,60703,60704,60706,60707],{"id":60549,"depth":109,"text":60550},{"id":60564,"depth":109,"text":60565},{"id":60591,"depth":109,"text":60705},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60603,"depth":109,"text":60604},{"id":60610,"depth":109,"text":60708},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":58746,"description":60710},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":60717,"title":60718,"body":60719,"description":62460,"extension":1853,"meta":62461,"navigation":112,"path":62462,"seo":62463,"stem":62464,"__hash__":62465},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":60720,"toc":62415},[60721,60726,60731,60734,60736,60807,60812,60817,60821,60835,60840,60842,60862,60867,60870,60893,60897,60902,60994,60996,61018,61024,61030,61037,61044,61050,61107,61113,61171,61173,61185,61193,61199,61204,61208,61265,61268,61272,61331,61334,61338,61396,61408,61412,61465,61468,61472,61478,61484,61546,61549,61610,61613,61669,61674,61676,61680,61687,61748,61753,61762,61818,61825,61829,61887,61896,61954,61958,61993,61997,62007,62010,62065,62079,62082,62197,62202,62206,62217,62219,62298,62308,62310,62315,62320,62327,62335,62341,62344,62350,62353,62359,62365,62367,62403,62412],[10,60722,13,60724,18],{"id":60723},"python-list-extend-method",[15,60725,53314],{},[20,60727,60728,60730],{},[15,60729,53215],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,60732,60733],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[39,60735,42],{"id":41},[44,60737,60739],{"className":46,"code":60738,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60740,60741,60757,60774,60778,60793,60803],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,60742,60743,60745,60747,60749,60751,60753,60755],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,60744,60],{"class":59},[53,60746,31],{"class":63},[53,60748,67],{"class":66},[53,60750,71],{"class":70},[53,60752,74],{"class":66},[53,60754,77],{"class":70},[53,60756,85],{"class":66},[53,60758,60759,60762,60764,60766,60768,60770,60772],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,60760,60761],{"class":59},"more_numbers ",[53,60763,31],{"class":63},[53,60765,67],{"class":66},[53,60767,815],{"class":70},[53,60769,74],{"class":66},[53,60771,597],{"class":70},[53,60773,85],{"class":66},[53,60775,60776],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,60777,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,60779,60780,60782,60784,60786,60788,60791],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,60781,150],{"class":59},[53,60783,99],{"class":66},[53,60785,53344],{"class":102},[53,60787,127],{"class":66},[53,60789,60790],{"class":102},"more_numbers",[53,60792,133],{"class":66},[53,60794,60795,60797,60799,60801],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,60796,145],{"class":144},[53,60798,127],{"class":66},[53,60800,150],{"class":102},[53,60802,133],{"class":66},[53,60804,60805],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,60806,52594],{"class":156},[20,60808,174,60809,60811],{},[15,60810,53314],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[39,60813,184,60815,187],{"id":60814},"what-listextend-does",[15,60816,53215],{},[20,60818,60819,192],{},[15,60820,53314],{},[194,60822,60823,60826,60828,60831],{},[197,60824,60825],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[197,60827,54294],{},[197,60829,60830],{},"Does not create a new list",[197,60832,11312,60833],{},[15,60834,3664],{},[20,60836,60837,60838,53668],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,60839,53314],{},[39,60841,372],{"id":371},[44,60843,60845],{"className":46,"code":60844,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,60846,60847],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,60848,60849,60852,60854,60856,60858,60860],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,60850,60851],{"class":59},"list_name",[53,60853,99],{"class":66},[53,60855,53344],{"class":102},[53,60857,127],{"class":66},[53,60859,3606],{"class":102},[53,60861,133],{"class":66},[20,60863,5336,60864,60866],{},[34,60865,3606],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,60868,60869],{},"Common iterables include:",[194,60871,60872,60876,60880,60884,60889],{},[197,60873,60874],{},[15,60875,7979],{},[197,60877,60878],{},[15,60879,48826],{},[197,60881,60882],{},[15,60883,6173],{},[197,60885,60886],{},[15,60887,60888],{},"string",[197,60890,60891],{},[15,60892,59712],{},[39,60894,60896],{"id":60895},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,60898,60899,60900,192],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,60901,53314],{},[44,60903,60905],{"className":46,"code":60904,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,60906,60907,60931,60956,60960,60975,60979,60989],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,60908,60909,60911,60913,60915,60917,60919,60921,60923,60925,60927,60929],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,60910,221],{"class":59},[53,60912,31],{"class":63},[53,60914,67],{"class":66},[53,60916,229],{"class":228},[53,60918,233],{"class":232},[53,60920,229],{"class":228},[53,60922,74],{"class":66},[53,60924,240],{"class":228},[53,60926,243],{"class":232},[53,60928,229],{"class":228},[53,60930,85],{"class":66},[53,60932,60933,60936,60938,60940,60942,60944,60946,60948,60950,60952,60954],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,60934,60935],{"class":59},"more_fruits ",[53,60937,31],{"class":63},[53,60939,67],{"class":66},[53,60941,229],{"class":228},[53,60943,252],{"class":232},[53,60945,229],{"class":228},[53,60947,74],{"class":66},[53,60949,240],{"class":228},[53,60951,22402],{"class":232},[53,60953,229],{"class":228},[53,60955,85],{"class":66},[53,60957,60958],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,60959,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,60961,60962,60964,60966,60968,60970,60973],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,60963,285],{"class":59},[53,60965,99],{"class":66},[53,60967,53344],{"class":102},[53,60969,127],{"class":66},[53,60971,60972],{"class":102},"more_fruits",[53,60974,133],{"class":66},[53,60976,60977],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,60978,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,60980,60981,60983,60985,60987],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,60982,145],{"class":144},[53,60984,127],{"class":66},[53,60986,285],{"class":102},[53,60988,133],{"class":66},[53,60990,60991],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,60992,60993],{"class":156},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,60995,11573],{},[194,60997,60998,61003,61008],{},[197,60999,61000,61002],{},[15,61001,285],{}," starts with two items",[197,61004,61005,61007],{},[15,61006,60972],{}," has two more items",[197,61009,61010,61012,61013,61015,61016],{},[15,61011,53314],{}," adds each item from ",[15,61014,60972],{}," to ",[15,61017,285],{},[20,61019,61020,61021,61023],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,61022,285],{}," contains all four items.",[20,61025,54433,61026,960,61028,99],{},[758,61027,761],{"href":760},[758,61029,1720],{"href":1719},[39,61031,61033,10474,61035],{"id":61032},"extend-vs-append",[15,61034,53314],{},[15,61036,1315],{},[20,61038,61039,960,61041,61043],{},[15,61040,53314],{},[15,61042,1315],{}," are often confused.",[1327,61045,61047,61049],{"id":61046},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,61048,53314],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[44,61051,61053],{"className":46,"code":61052,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61054,61055,61071,61089,61093,61103],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,61056,61057,61059,61061,61063,61065,61067,61069],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,61058,60],{"class":59},[53,61060,31],{"class":63},[53,61062,67],{"class":66},[53,61064,71],{"class":70},[53,61066,74],{"class":66},[53,61068,77],{"class":70},[53,61070,85],{"class":66},[53,61072,61073,61075,61077,61079,61081,61083,61085,61087],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,61074,150],{"class":59},[53,61076,99],{"class":66},[53,61078,53344],{"class":102},[53,61080,2873],{"class":66},[53,61082,815],{"class":70},[53,61084,74],{"class":66},[53,61086,597],{"class":70},[53,61088,3777],{"class":66},[53,61090,61091],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,61092,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,61094,61095,61097,61099,61101],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,61096,145],{"class":144},[53,61098,127],{"class":66},[53,61100,150],{"class":102},[53,61102,133],{"class":66},[53,61104,61105],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,61106,52594],{"class":156},[1327,61108,61110,61112],{"id":61109},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,61111,1315],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[44,61114,61116],{"className":46,"code":61115,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,61117,61118,61134,61152,61156,61166],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,61119,61120,61122,61124,61126,61128,61130,61132],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,61121,60],{"class":59},[53,61123,31],{"class":63},[53,61125,67],{"class":66},[53,61127,71],{"class":70},[53,61129,74],{"class":66},[53,61131,77],{"class":70},[53,61133,85],{"class":66},[53,61135,61136,61138,61140,61142,61144,61146,61148,61150],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,61137,150],{"class":59},[53,61139,99],{"class":66},[53,61141,124],{"class":102},[53,61143,2873],{"class":66},[53,61145,815],{"class":70},[53,61147,74],{"class":66},[53,61149,597],{"class":70},[53,61151,3777],{"class":66},[53,61153,61154],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,61155,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,61157,61158,61160,61162,61164],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,61159,145],{"class":144},[53,61161,127],{"class":66},[53,61163,150],{"class":102},[53,61165,133],{"class":66},[53,61167,61168],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,61169,61170],{"class":156},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,61172,18562],{},[194,61174,61175,61180],{},[197,61176,61177,61179],{},[15,61178,53314],{}," to combine values",[197,61181,61182,61184],{},[15,61183,1315],{}," to add one item",[20,61186,41965,61187,960,61191,99],{},[758,61188,1312,61189,1316],{"href":1311},[15,61190,1315],{},[758,61192,52918],{"href":52917},[39,61194,485,61196,61198],{"id":61195},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,61197,53314],{}," with different iterables",[20,61200,61201,61203],{},[15,61202,53314],{}," works with more than just lists.",[1327,61205,61207],{"id":61206},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[44,61209,61211],{"className":46,"code":61210,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61212,61213,61229,61247,61251,61261],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,61214,61215,61217,61219,61221,61223,61225,61227],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,61216,3709],{"class":59},[53,61218,31],{"class":63},[53,61220,67],{"class":66},[53,61222,71],{"class":70},[53,61224,74],{"class":66},[53,61226,77],{"class":70},[53,61228,85],{"class":66},[53,61230,61231,61233,61235,61237,61239,61241,61243,61245],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,61232,5242],{"class":59},[53,61234,99],{"class":66},[53,61236,53344],{"class":102},[53,61238,5395],{"class":66},[53,61240,815],{"class":70},[53,61242,74],{"class":66},[53,61244,597],{"class":70},[53,61246,1713],{"class":66},[53,61248,61249],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,61250,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,61252,61253,61255,61257,61259],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,61254,145],{"class":144},[53,61256,127],{"class":66},[53,61258,5242],{"class":102},[53,61260,133],{"class":66},[53,61262,61263],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,61264,52594],{"class":156},[20,61266,61267],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1327,61269,61271],{"id":61270},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[44,61273,61275],{"className":46,"code":61274,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,61276,61277,61293,61312,61316,61326],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,61278,61279,61281,61283,61285,61287,61289,61291],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,61280,35966],{"class":59},[53,61282,31],{"class":63},[53,61284,67],{"class":66},[53,61286,229],{"class":228},[53,61288,758],{"class":232},[53,61290,229],{"class":228},[53,61292,85],{"class":66},[53,61294,61295,61297,61299,61301,61303,61305,61308,61310],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,61296,36019],{"class":59},[53,61298,99],{"class":66},[53,61300,53344],{"class":102},[53,61302,127],{"class":66},[53,61304,229],{"class":228},[53,61306,61307],{"class":232},"bc",[53,61309,229],{"class":228},[53,61311,133],{"class":66},[53,61313,61314],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,61315,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,61317,61318,61320,61322,61324],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,61319,145],{"class":144},[53,61321,127],{"class":66},[53,61323,36019],{"class":102},[53,61325,133],{"class":66},[53,61327,61328],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,61329,61330],{"class":156},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,61332,61333],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[1327,61335,61337],{"id":61336},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[44,61339,61341],{"className":46,"code":61340,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,61342,61343,61355,61377,61381,61391],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,61344,61345,61347,61349,61351,61353],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,61346,60],{"class":59},[53,61348,31],{"class":63},[53,61350,67],{"class":66},[53,61352,852],{"class":70},[53,61354,85],{"class":66},[53,61356,61357,61359,61361,61363,61365,61367,61369,61371,61373,61375],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,61358,150],{"class":59},[53,61360,99],{"class":66},[53,61362,53344],{"class":102},[53,61364,127],{"class":66},[53,61366,59712],{"class":144},[53,61368,127],{"class":66},[53,61370,71],{"class":70},[53,61372,74],{"class":66},[53,61374,597],{"class":70},[53,61376,1713],{"class":66},[53,61378,61379],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,61380,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,61382,61383,61385,61387,61389],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,61384,145],{"class":144},[53,61386,127],{"class":66},[53,61388,150],{"class":102},[53,61390,133],{"class":66},[53,61392,61393],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,61394,61395],{"class":156},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,61397,61398,61401,61402,2076,61404,16942,61406,99],{},[15,61399,61400],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,61403,71],{},[15,61405,1589],{},[15,61407,815],{},[1327,61409,61411],{"id":61410},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[44,61413,61415],{"className":46,"code":61414,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,61416,61417,61433,61451,61455],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,61418,61419,61421,61423,61425,61427,61429,61431],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,61420,7667],{"class":59},[53,61422,31],{"class":63},[53,61424,67],{"class":66},[53,61426,71],{"class":70},[53,61428,74],{"class":66},[53,61430,77],{"class":70},[53,61432,85],{"class":66},[53,61434,61435,61437,61439,61441,61443,61445,61447,61449],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,61436,7696],{"class":59},[53,61438,99],{"class":66},[53,61440,53344],{"class":102},[53,61442,5414],{"class":66},[53,61444,815],{"class":70},[53,61446,74],{"class":66},[53,61448,597],{"class":70},[53,61450,30368],{"class":66},[53,61452,61453],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,61454,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,61456,61457,61459,61461,61463],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,61458,145],{"class":144},[53,61460,127],{"class":66},[53,61462,7696],{"class":102},[53,61464,133],{"class":66},[20,61466,61467],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[39,61469,61471],{"id":61470},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,61473,61474,2285,61476,99],{},[15,61475,53314],{},[15,61477,3664],{},[20,61479,61480,61481,192],{},"That means this is ",[34,61482,61483],{},"wrong",[44,61485,61487],{"className":46,"code":61486,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,61488,61489,61505,61527,61531,61541],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,61490,61491,61493,61495,61497,61499,61501,61503],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,61492,60],{"class":59},[53,61494,31],{"class":63},[53,61496,67],{"class":66},[53,61498,71],{"class":70},[53,61500,74],{"class":66},[53,61502,77],{"class":70},[53,61504,85],{"class":66},[53,61506,61507,61509,61511,61513,61515,61517,61519,61521,61523,61525],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,61508,2117],{"class":59},[53,61510,31],{"class":63},[53,61512,96],{"class":59},[53,61514,99],{"class":66},[53,61516,53344],{"class":102},[53,61518,2873],{"class":66},[53,61520,815],{"class":70},[53,61522,74],{"class":66},[53,61524,597],{"class":70},[53,61526,3777],{"class":66},[53,61528,61529],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,61530,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,61532,61533,61535,61537,61539],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,61534,145],{"class":144},[53,61536,127],{"class":66},[53,61538,2152],{"class":102},[53,61540,133],{"class":66},[53,61542,61543],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,61544,61545],{"class":156},"# None\n",[20,61547,61548],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[44,61550,61552],{"className":46,"code":61551,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61553,61554,61570,61592,61596,61606],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,61555,61556,61558,61560,61562,61564,61566,61568],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,61557,60],{"class":59},[53,61559,31],{"class":63},[53,61561,67],{"class":66},[53,61563,71],{"class":70},[53,61565,74],{"class":66},[53,61567,77],{"class":70},[53,61569,85],{"class":66},[53,61571,61572,61574,61576,61578,61580,61582,61584,61586,61588,61590],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,61573,60],{"class":59},[53,61575,31],{"class":63},[53,61577,96],{"class":59},[53,61579,99],{"class":66},[53,61581,53344],{"class":102},[53,61583,2873],{"class":66},[53,61585,815],{"class":70},[53,61587,74],{"class":66},[53,61589,597],{"class":70},[53,61591,3777],{"class":66},[53,61593,61594],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,61595,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,61597,61598,61600,61602,61604],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,61599,145],{"class":144},[53,61601,127],{"class":66},[53,61603,150],{"class":102},[53,61605,133],{"class":66},[53,61607,61608],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,61609,61545],{"class":156},[20,61611,61612],{},"The correct way is:",[44,61614,61615],{"className":46,"code":61052,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,61616,61617,61633,61651,61655,61665],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,61618,61619,61621,61623,61625,61627,61629,61631],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,61620,60],{"class":59},[53,61622,31],{"class":63},[53,61624,67],{"class":66},[53,61626,71],{"class":70},[53,61628,74],{"class":66},[53,61630,77],{"class":70},[53,61632,85],{"class":66},[53,61634,61635,61637,61639,61641,61643,61645,61647,61649],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,61636,150],{"class":59},[53,61638,99],{"class":66},[53,61640,53344],{"class":102},[53,61642,2873],{"class":66},[53,61644,815],{"class":70},[53,61646,74],{"class":66},[53,61648,597],{"class":70},[53,61650,3777],{"class":66},[53,61652,61653],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,61654,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,61656,61657,61659,61661,61663],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,61658,145],{"class":144},[53,61660,127],{"class":66},[53,61662,150],{"class":102},[53,61664,133],{"class":66},[53,61666,61667],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,61668,52594],{"class":156},[20,61670,404,61671,61673],{},[15,61672,53314],{}," first, then use the original list.",[39,61675,1320],{"id":1319},[20,61677,14606,61678,99],{},[15,61679,53314],{},[1327,61681,61683,61684,61686],{"id":61682},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,61685,53314],{}," to return a new list",[44,61688,61690],{"className":46,"code":61689,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61691,61692,61708,61730,61734,61744],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,61693,61694,61696,61698,61700,61702,61704,61706],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,61695,60],{"class":59},[53,61697,31],{"class":63},[53,61699,67],{"class":66},[53,61701,71],{"class":70},[53,61703,74],{"class":66},[53,61705,77],{"class":70},[53,61707,85],{"class":66},[53,61709,61710,61712,61714,61716,61718,61720,61722,61724,61726,61728],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,61711,91],{"class":59},[53,61713,31],{"class":63},[53,61715,96],{"class":59},[53,61717,99],{"class":66},[53,61719,53344],{"class":102},[53,61721,2873],{"class":66},[53,61723,815],{"class":70},[53,61725,74],{"class":66},[53,61727,597],{"class":70},[53,61729,3777],{"class":66},[53,61731,61732],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,61733,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,61735,61736,61738,61740,61742],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,61737,145],{"class":144},[53,61739,127],{"class":66},[53,61741,119],{"class":102},[53,61743,133],{"class":66},[53,61745,61746],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,61747,61545],{"class":156},[20,61749,61750,61751,99],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,61752,53314],{},[1327,61754,61756,61757,44501,61759,61761],{"id":61755},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,61758,1315],{},[15,61760,53314],{}," is needed",[44,61763,61764],{"className":46,"code":61115,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,61765,61766,61782,61800,61804,61814],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,61767,61768,61770,61772,61774,61776,61778,61780],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,61769,60],{"class":59},[53,61771,31],{"class":63},[53,61773,67],{"class":66},[53,61775,71],{"class":70},[53,61777,74],{"class":66},[53,61779,77],{"class":70},[53,61781,85],{"class":66},[53,61783,61784,61786,61788,61790,61792,61794,61796,61798],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,61785,150],{"class":59},[53,61787,99],{"class":66},[53,61789,124],{"class":102},[53,61791,2873],{"class":66},[53,61793,815],{"class":70},[53,61795,74],{"class":66},[53,61797,597],{"class":70},[53,61799,3777],{"class":66},[53,61801,61802],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,61803,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,61805,61806,61808,61810,61812],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,61807,145],{"class":144},[53,61809,127],{"class":66},[53,61811,150],{"class":102},[53,61813,133],{"class":66},[53,61815,61816],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,61817,61170],{"class":156},[20,61819,61820,61821,53758,61823,1408],{},"If you wanted ",[15,61822,53757],{},[15,61824,53314],{},[1327,61826,61828],{"id":61827},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[44,61830,61832],{"className":46,"code":61831,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,61833,61834,61850,61868,61872,61882],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,61835,61836,61838,61840,61842,61844,61846,61848],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,61837,3959],{"class":59},[53,61839,31],{"class":63},[53,61841,67],{"class":66},[53,61843,229],{"class":228},[53,61845,3732],{"class":232},[53,61847,229],{"class":228},[53,61849,85],{"class":66},[53,61851,61852,61854,61856,61858,61860,61862,61864,61866],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,61853,4001],{"class":59},[53,61855,99],{"class":66},[53,61857,53344],{"class":102},[53,61859,127],{"class":66},[53,61861,229],{"class":228},[53,61863,60305],{"class":232},[53,61865,229],{"class":228},[53,61867,133],{"class":66},[53,61869,61870],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,61871,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,61873,61874,61876,61878,61880],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,61875,145],{"class":144},[53,61877,127],{"class":66},[53,61879,4001],{"class":102},[53,61881,133],{"class":66},[53,61883,61884],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,61885,61886],{"class":156},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,61888,61889,61890,61893,61894,192],{},"If you want ",[15,61891,61892],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,61895,1315],{},[44,61897,61899],{"className":46,"code":61898,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,61900,61901,61917,61935,61939,61949],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,61902,61903,61905,61907,61909,61911,61913,61915],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,61904,3959],{"class":59},[53,61906,31],{"class":63},[53,61908,67],{"class":66},[53,61910,229],{"class":228},[53,61912,3732],{"class":232},[53,61914,229],{"class":228},[53,61916,85],{"class":66},[53,61918,61919,61921,61923,61925,61927,61929,61931,61933],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,61920,4001],{"class":59},[53,61922,99],{"class":66},[53,61924,124],{"class":102},[53,61926,127],{"class":66},[53,61928,229],{"class":228},[53,61930,60305],{"class":232},[53,61932,229],{"class":228},[53,61934,133],{"class":66},[53,61936,61937],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,61938,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,61940,61941,61943,61945,61947],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,61942,145],{"class":144},[53,61944,127],{"class":66},[53,61946,4001],{"class":102},[53,61948,133],{"class":66},[53,61950,61951],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,61952,61953],{"class":156},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[1327,61955,61957],{"id":61956},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[44,61959,61961],{"className":46,"code":61960,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,61962,61963,61979],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,61964,61965,61967,61969,61971,61973,61975,61977],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,61966,60],{"class":59},[53,61968,31],{"class":63},[53,61970,67],{"class":66},[53,61972,71],{"class":70},[53,61974,74],{"class":66},[53,61976,77],{"class":70},[53,61978,85],{"class":66},[53,61980,61981,61983,61985,61987,61989,61991],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,61982,150],{"class":59},[53,61984,99],{"class":66},[53,61986,53344],{"class":102},[53,61988,127],{"class":66},[53,61990,2024],{"class":70},[53,61992,133],{"class":66},[20,61994,39526,61995,6438],{},[15,61996,2024],{},[20,61998,61999,62000,62002,62003,62006],{},"You will get a ",[15,62001,2892],{},". See ",[758,62004,62005],{"href":52472},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,62008,62009],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[44,62011,62013],{"className":46,"code":62012,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62014,62015,62025,62039,62051],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62016,62017,62019,62021,62023],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62018,145],{"class":144},[53,62020,127],{"class":66},[53,62022,8225],{"class":102},[53,62024,133],{"class":66},[53,62026,62027,62029,62031,62033,62035,62037],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,62028,145],{"class":144},[53,62030,127],{"class":66},[53,62032,1705],{"class":1704},[53,62034,127],{"class":66},[53,62036,5242],{"class":102},[53,62038,1713],{"class":66},[53,62040,62041,62043,62045,62047,62049],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,62042,145],{"class":144},[53,62044,127],{"class":66},[53,62046,2152],{"class":102},[53,62048,153],{"class":66},[53,62050,133],{"class":59},[53,62052,62053,62055,62057,62059,62061,62063],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,62054,32025],{"class":144},[53,62056,127],{"class":66},[53,62058,7979],{"class":1704},[53,62060,99],{"class":66},[53,62062,53344],{"class":24620},[53,62064,133],{"class":66},[43452,62066,62067],{},[20,62068,62069,62070,62073,62074,62076,62077,99],{},"Note: ",[15,62071,62072],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,62075,153],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,62078,32900],{},[20,62080,62081],{},"Correct debugging example:",[44,62083,62085],{"className":46,"code":62084,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62086,62087,62103,62119,62123,62137,62141,62149,62159,62173,62183],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62088,62089,62091,62093,62095,62097,62099,62101],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62090,8194],{"class":59},[53,62092,31],{"class":63},[53,62094,67],{"class":66},[53,62096,71],{"class":70},[53,62098,74],{"class":66},[53,62100,77],{"class":70},[53,62102,85],{"class":66},[53,62104,62105,62107,62109,62111,62113,62115,62117],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,62106,3709],{"class":59},[53,62108,31],{"class":63},[53,62110,67],{"class":66},[53,62112,815],{"class":70},[53,62114,74],{"class":66},[53,62116,597],{"class":70},[53,62118,85],{"class":66},[53,62120,62121],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,62122,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,62124,62125,62127,62129,62131,62133,62135],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,62126,8225],{"class":59},[53,62128,99],{"class":66},[53,62130,53344],{"class":102},[53,62132,127],{"class":66},[53,62134,5242],{"class":102},[53,62136,133],{"class":66},[53,62138,62139],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,62140,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,62142,62143,62145,62147],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,62144,2117],{"class":59},[53,62146,31],{"class":63},[53,62148,48400],{"class":3739},[53,62150,62151,62153,62155,62157],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,62152,145],{"class":144},[53,62154,127],{"class":66},[53,62156,8225],{"class":102},[53,62158,133],{"class":66},[53,62160,62161,62163,62165,62167,62169,62171],{"class":55,"line":6312},[53,62162,145],{"class":144},[53,62164,127],{"class":66},[53,62166,1705],{"class":1704},[53,62168,127],{"class":66},[53,62170,5242],{"class":102},[53,62172,1713],{"class":66},[53,62174,62175,62177,62179,62181],{"class":55,"line":6318},[53,62176,145],{"class":144},[53,62178,127],{"class":66},[53,62180,2152],{"class":102},[53,62182,133],{"class":66},[53,62184,62185,62187,62189,62191,62193,62195],{"class":55,"line":6323},[53,62186,32025],{"class":144},[53,62188,127],{"class":66},[53,62190,7979],{"class":1704},[53,62192,99],{"class":66},[53,62194,53344],{"class":24620},[53,62196,133],{"class":66},[39,62198,1145,62200],{"id":62199},"when-to-use-extend",[15,62201,53314],{},[20,62203,174,62204,6204],{},[15,62205,53314],{},[194,62207,62208,62211,62214],{},[197,62209,62210],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[197,62212,62213],{},"Add multiple values at once",[197,62215,62216],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,62218,5356],{},[44,62220,62222],{"className":46,"code":62221,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,62223,62224,62241,62259,62263,62279,62283,62293],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62225,62226,62229,62231,62233,62235,62237,62239],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62227,62228],{"class":59},"all_scores ",[53,62230,31],{"class":63},[53,62232,67],{"class":66},[53,62234,13381],{"class":70},[53,62236,74],{"class":66},[53,62238,13386],{"class":70},[53,62240,85],{"class":66},[53,62242,62243,62246,62248,62250,62252,62254,62257],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,62244,62245],{"class":59},"new_scores ",[53,62247,31],{"class":63},[53,62249,67],{"class":66},[53,62251,51377],{"class":70},[53,62253,74],{"class":66},[53,62255,62256],{"class":70}," 92",[53,62258,85],{"class":66},[53,62260,62261],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,62262,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,62264,62265,62268,62270,62272,62274,62277],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,62266,62267],{"class":59},"all_scores",[53,62269,99],{"class":66},[53,62271,53344],{"class":102},[53,62273,127],{"class":66},[53,62275,62276],{"class":102},"new_scores",[53,62278,133],{"class":66},[53,62280,62281],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,62282,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,62284,62285,62287,62289,62291],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,62286,145],{"class":144},[53,62288,127],{"class":66},[53,62290,62267],{"class":102},[53,62292,133],{"class":66},[53,62294,62295],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,62296,62297],{"class":156},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,62299,62300,62301,62303,62304,99],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,62302,1315],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[758,62305,1312,62306,1316],{"href":53775},[15,62307,54135],{},[39,62309,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,62311,1729,62313,55334],{"id":62312},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,62314,53215],{},[20,62316,62317,62318,99],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,62319,3664],{},[1327,62321,1739,62323,960,62325,1744],{"id":62322},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,62324,53314],{},[15,62326,1315],{},[20,62328,62329,62331,62332,62334],{},[15,62330,53314],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,62333,1315],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[1327,62336,28199,62338,62340],{"id":62337},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,62339,53314],{}," with a string?",[20,62342,62343],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[1327,62345,28199,62347,62349],{"id":62346},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,62348,53314],{}," with a tuple?",[20,62351,62352],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1327,62354,62356,62357,1744],{"id":62355},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62358,53314],{},[20,62360,62361,62362,62364],{},"You get a ",[15,62363,2892],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[39,62366,1788],{"id":1787},[194,62368,62369,62375,62379,62383,62387,62393,62397],{},[197,62370,62371],{},[758,62372,1312,62373,1316],{"href":1311},[15,62374,1315],{},[197,62376,62377],{},[758,62378,54145],{"href":52917},[197,62380,62381],{},[758,62382,1805],{"href":1719},[197,62384,62385],{},[758,62386,761],{"href":760},[197,62388,62389],{},[758,62390,1312,62391,1316],{"href":53775},[15,62392,54135],{},[197,62394,62395],{},[758,62396,62005],{"href":52472},[197,62398,62399],{},[758,62400,1312,62401,1316],{"href":54825},[15,62402,17],{},[20,62404,62405,62406,62408,62409,62411],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,62407,1315],{},", when to use ",[15,62410,54135],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[1817,62413,62414],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":62416},[62417,62418,62420,62421,62422,62429,62436,62437,62445,62447,62459],{"id":41,"depth":88,"text":42},{"id":60814,"depth":88,"text":62419},"What list.extend() does",{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372},{"id":60895,"depth":88,"text":60896},{"id":61032,"depth":88,"text":62423,"children":62424},"extend() vs append()",[62425,62427],{"id":61046,"depth":109,"text":62426},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61109,"depth":109,"text":62428},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61195,"depth":88,"text":62430,"children":62431},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62432,62433,62434,62435],{"id":61206,"depth":109,"text":61207},{"id":61270,"depth":109,"text":61271},{"id":61336,"depth":109,"text":61337},{"id":61410,"depth":109,"text":61411},{"id":61470,"depth":88,"text":61471},{"id":1319,"depth":88,"text":1320,"children":62438},[62439,62441,62443,62444],{"id":61682,"depth":109,"text":62440},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":61755,"depth":109,"text":62442},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":61827,"depth":109,"text":61828},{"id":61956,"depth":109,"text":61957},{"id":62199,"depth":88,"text":62446},"When to use extend()",{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":62448},[62449,62451,62453,62455,62457],{"id":62312,"depth":109,"text":62450},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62322,"depth":109,"text":62452},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62337,"depth":109,"text":62454},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62346,"depth":109,"text":62456},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62355,"depth":109,"text":62458},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":60718,"description":62460},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62467,"title":62468,"body":62469,"description":64560,"extension":1853,"meta":64561,"navigation":112,"path":64562,"seo":64563,"stem":64564,"__hash__":64565},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62470,"toc":64523},[62471,62474,62479,62485,62496,62502,62504,62573,62575,62624,62632,62636,62641,62644,62655,62660,62662,62664,62685,62698,62701,62714,62716,62721,62746,62748,62756,62759,62828,62830,62854,62860,62864,62868,62904,62906,62926,62933,62937,62970,62972,63006,63011,63015,63048,63050,63078,63086,63090,63127,63129,63150,63153,63157,63226,63228,63252,63258,63265,63269,63272,63274,63288,63291,63315,63317,63342,63345,63364,63366,63392,63401,63405,63412,63489,63491,63532,63538,63544,63635,63637,63693,63696,63701,63705,63710,63714,63773,63775,63800,63804,63867,63869,63894,63898,63961,63963,64006,64009,64013,64017,64039,64043,64125,64127,64162,64170,64172,64176,64180,64182,64209,64214,64216,64243,64250,64253,64276,64278,64327,64330,64333,64352,64356,64359,64410,64413,64419,64423,64428,64431,64433,64439,64448,64452,64458,64462,64465,64469,64472,64476,64482,64484,64520],[10,62472,62468],{"id":62473},"python-list-function-explained",[20,62475,9010,62476,62478],{},[15,62477,24651],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,62480,62481,62482,62484],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,62483,24651],{}," for two main reasons:",[194,62486,62487,62490],{},[197,62488,62489],{},"to make an empty list",[197,62491,62492,62493,62495],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62494,59712],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,62497,62498,62499,62501],{},"This page explains how ",[15,62500,24651],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[39,62503,42],{"id":41},[44,62505,62507],{"className":46,"code":62506,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62508,62509,62531,62549,62553,62563],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62510,62511,62513,62515,62517,62519,62521,62523,62525,62527,62529],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62512,60],{"class":59},[53,62514,31],{"class":63},[53,62516,22429],{"class":1704},[53,62518,5395],{"class":66},[53,62520,71],{"class":70},[53,62522,74],{"class":66},[53,62524,77],{"class":70},[53,62526,74],{"class":66},[53,62528,82],{"class":70},[53,62530,1713],{"class":66},[53,62532,62533,62535,62537,62539,62541,62543,62545,62547],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,62534,35966],{"class":59},[53,62536,31],{"class":63},[53,62538,22429],{"class":1704},[53,62540,127],{"class":66},[53,62542,229],{"class":228},[53,62544,41432],{"class":232},[53,62546,229],{"class":228},[53,62548,133],{"class":66},[53,62550,62551],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,62552,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,62554,62555,62557,62559,62561],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,62556,145],{"class":144},[53,62558,127],{"class":66},[53,62560,150],{"class":102},[53,62562,133],{"class":66},[53,62564,62565,62567,62569,62571],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,62566,145],{"class":144},[53,62568,127],{"class":66},[53,62570,36019],{"class":102},[53,62572,133],{"class":66},[20,62574,301],{},[44,62576,62578],{"className":46,"code":62577,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,62579,62580,62596],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62581,62582,62584,62586,62588,62590,62592,62594],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62583,311],{"class":66},[53,62585,71],{"class":70},[53,62587,74],{"class":66},[53,62589,77],{"class":70},[53,62591,74],{"class":66},[53,62593,82],{"class":70},[53,62595,85],{"class":66},[53,62597,62598,62600,62602,62604,62606,62608,62610,62612,62614,62616,62618,62620,62622],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,62599,311],{"class":66},[53,62601,314],{"class":228},[53,62603,758],{"class":232},[53,62605,314],{"class":228},[53,62607,74],{"class":66},[53,62609,323],{"class":228},[53,62611,1376],{"class":232},[53,62613,314],{"class":228},[53,62615,74],{"class":66},[53,62617,323],{"class":228},[53,62619,9628],{"class":232},[53,62621,314],{"class":228},[53,62623,85],{"class":66},[20,62625,174,62626,62628,62629,62631],{},[15,62627,24651],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62630,59712],{},", set, or dictionary.",[39,62633,62635],{"id":62634},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,62637,62638,62640],{},[15,62639,24651],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,62642,62643],{},"It can:",[194,62645,62646,62649,62652],{},[197,62647,62648],{},"create a new list object",[197,62650,62651],{},"make an empty list",[197,62653,62654],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,62656,62657,62658,99],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[758,62659,761],{"href":760},[39,62661,372],{"id":371},[20,62663,26357],{},[44,62665,62667],{"className":46,"code":62666,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,62668,62669,62675],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62670,62671,62673],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62672,7979],{"class":1704},[53,62674,106],{"class":66},[53,62676,62677,62679,62681,62683],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,62678,7979],{"class":1704},[53,62680,127],{"class":66},[53,62682,3606],{"class":102},[53,62684,133],{"class":66},[194,62686,62687,62692],{},[197,62688,62689,62691],{},[15,62690,24651],{}," makes an empty list",[197,62693,62694,62697],{},[15,62695,62696],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,62699,62700],{},"Common iterable values include:",[194,62702,62703,62705,62707,62709,62712],{},[197,62704,5192],{},[197,62706,5186],{},[197,62708,5189],{},[197,62710,62711],{},"ranges",[197,62713,7138],{},[39,62715,59334],{"id":59333},[20,62717,174,62718,62720],{},[15,62719,24651],{}," with no arguments:",[44,62722,62724],{"className":46,"code":62723,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,62725,62726,62736],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62727,62728,62730,62732,62734],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62729,7667],{"class":59},[53,62731,31],{"class":63},[53,62733,22429],{"class":1704},[53,62735,106],{"class":66},[53,62737,62738,62740,62742,62744],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,62739,145],{"class":144},[53,62741,127],{"class":66},[53,62743,7696],{"class":102},[53,62745,133],{"class":66},[20,62747,301],{},[44,62749,62750],{"className":46,"code":467,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,62751,62752],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62753,62754],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62755,467],{"class":66},[20,62757,62758],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[44,62760,62762],{"className":46,"code":62761,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,62763,62764,62774,62778,62796,62814,62818],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62765,62766,62768,62770,62772],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62767,7667],{"class":59},[53,62769,31],{"class":63},[53,62771,22429],{"class":1704},[53,62773,106],{"class":66},[53,62775,62776],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,62777,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,62779,62780,62782,62784,62786,62788,62790,62792,62794],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,62781,7696],{"class":59},[53,62783,99],{"class":66},[53,62785,124],{"class":102},[53,62787,127],{"class":66},[53,62789,229],{"class":228},[53,62791,233],{"class":232},[53,62793,229],{"class":228},[53,62795,133],{"class":66},[53,62797,62798,62800,62802,62804,62806,62808,62810,62812],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,62799,7696],{"class":59},[53,62801,99],{"class":66},[53,62803,124],{"class":102},[53,62805,127],{"class":66},[53,62807,229],{"class":228},[53,62809,243],{"class":232},[53,62811,229],{"class":228},[53,62813,133],{"class":66},[53,62815,62816],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,62817,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,62819,62820,62822,62824,62826],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,62821,145],{"class":144},[53,62823,127],{"class":66},[53,62825,7696],{"class":102},[53,62827,133],{"class":66},[20,62829,301],{},[44,62831,62832],{"className":46,"code":38297,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,62833,62834],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62835,62836,62838,62840,62842,62844,62846,62848,62850,62852],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62837,311],{"class":66},[53,62839,314],{"class":228},[53,62841,233],{"class":232},[53,62843,314],{"class":228},[53,62845,74],{"class":66},[53,62847,323],{"class":228},[53,62849,243],{"class":232},[53,62851,314],{"class":228},[53,62853,85],{"class":66},[20,62855,62856,62857,62859],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,62858,3673],{},". Both are valid.",[39,62861,62863],{"id":62862},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[1327,62865,62867],{"id":62866},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[44,62869,62870],{"className":46,"code":59632,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,62871,62872,62894],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62873,62874,62876,62878,62880,62882,62884,62886,62888,62890,62892],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62875,60],{"class":59},[53,62877,31],{"class":63},[53,62879,22429],{"class":1704},[53,62881,5395],{"class":66},[53,62883,71],{"class":70},[53,62885,74],{"class":66},[53,62887,77],{"class":70},[53,62889,74],{"class":66},[53,62891,82],{"class":70},[53,62893,1713],{"class":66},[53,62895,62896,62898,62900,62902],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,62897,145],{"class":144},[53,62899,127],{"class":66},[53,62901,150],{"class":102},[53,62903,133],{"class":66},[20,62905,301],{},[44,62907,62908],{"className":46,"code":55015,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,62909,62910],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62911,62912,62914,62916,62918,62920,62922,62924],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62913,311],{"class":66},[53,62915,71],{"class":70},[53,62917,74],{"class":66},[53,62919,77],{"class":70},[53,62921,74],{"class":66},[53,62923,82],{"class":70},[53,62925,85],{"class":66},[20,62927,62928,62929,99],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[758,62930,62932],{"href":62931},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[1327,62934,62936],{"id":62935},"string-to-list","String to list",[44,62938,62940],{"className":46,"code":62939,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62941,62942,62960],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62943,62944,62946,62948,62950,62952,62954,62956,62958],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62945,35966],{"class":59},[53,62947,31],{"class":63},[53,62949,22429],{"class":1704},[53,62951,127],{"class":66},[53,62953,229],{"class":228},[53,62955,36921],{"class":232},[53,62957,229],{"class":228},[53,62959,133],{"class":66},[53,62961,62962,62964,62966,62968],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,62963,145],{"class":144},[53,62965,127],{"class":66},[53,62967,36019],{"class":102},[53,62969,133],{"class":66},[20,62971,301],{},[44,62973,62975],{"className":46,"code":62974,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,62976,62977],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62978,62979,62981,62983,62985,62987,62989,62991,62993,62995,62997,62999,63002,63004],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62980,311],{"class":66},[53,62982,314],{"class":228},[53,62984,9628],{"class":232},[53,62986,314],{"class":228},[53,62988,74],{"class":66},[53,62990,323],{"class":228},[53,62992,758],{"class":232},[53,62994,314],{"class":228},[53,62996,74],{"class":66},[53,62998,323],{"class":228},[53,63000,63001],{"class":232},"t",[53,63003,314],{"class":228},[53,63005,85],{"class":66},[20,63007,63008,63010],{},[15,63009,24651],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[1327,63012,63014],{"id":63013},"range-to-list","Range to list",[44,63016,63018],{"className":46,"code":63017,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,63019,63020,63038],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63021,63022,63024,63026,63028,63030,63032,63034,63036],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63023,60],{"class":59},[53,63025,31],{"class":63},[53,63027,22429],{"class":1704},[53,63029,127],{"class":66},[53,63031,59712],{"class":144},[53,63033,127],{"class":66},[53,63035,2024],{"class":70},[53,63037,1713],{"class":66},[53,63039,63040,63042,63044,63046],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,63041,145],{"class":144},[53,63043,127],{"class":66},[53,63045,150],{"class":102},[53,63047,133],{"class":66},[20,63049,301],{},[44,63051,63052],{"className":46,"code":59735,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,63053,63054],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63055,63056,63058,63060,63062,63064,63066,63068,63070,63072,63074,63076],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63057,311],{"class":66},[53,63059,852],{"class":70},[53,63061,74],{"class":66},[53,63063,5382],{"class":70},[53,63065,74],{"class":66},[53,63067,77],{"class":70},[53,63069,74],{"class":66},[53,63071,82],{"class":70},[53,63073,74],{"class":66},[53,63075,597],{"class":70},[53,63077,85],{"class":66},[20,63079,63080,63081,63085],{},"This is common when working with ",[758,63082,63083],{"href":36070},[15,63084,36073],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[1327,63087,63089],{"id":63088},"set-to-list","Set to list",[44,63091,63093],{"className":46,"code":63092,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,63094,63095,63117],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63096,63097,63099,63101,63103,63105,63107,63109,63111,63113,63115],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63098,3709],{"class":59},[53,63100,31],{"class":63},[53,63102,22429],{"class":1704},[53,63104,5414],{"class":66},[53,63106,1188],{"class":70},[53,63108,74],{"class":66},[53,63110,1193],{"class":70},[53,63112,74],{"class":66},[53,63114,1198],{"class":70},[53,63116,30368],{"class":66},[53,63118,63119,63121,63123,63125],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,63120,145],{"class":144},[53,63122,127],{"class":66},[53,63124,5242],{"class":102},[53,63126,133],{"class":66},[20,63128,16828],{},[44,63130,63132],{"className":46,"code":63131,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,63133,63134],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63135,63136,63138,63140,63142,63144,63146,63148],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63137,311],{"class":66},[53,63139,1188],{"class":70},[53,63141,74],{"class":66},[53,63143,1193],{"class":70},[53,63145,74],{"class":66},[53,63147,1198],{"class":70},[53,63149,85],{"class":66},[20,63151,63152],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[1327,63154,63156],{"id":63155},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[44,63158,63160],{"className":46,"code":63159,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,63161,63162,63198,63212,63216],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63163,63164,63166,63168,63170,63172,63174,63176,63178,63180,63182,63184,63186,63188,63190,63192,63194,63196],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63165,13083],{"class":59},[53,63167,31],{"class":63},[53,63169,10379],{"class":66},[53,63171,229],{"class":228},[53,63173,1710],{"class":232},[53,63175,229],{"class":228},[53,63177,192],{"class":66},[53,63179,240],{"class":228},[53,63181,12765],{"class":232},[53,63183,229],{"class":228},[53,63185,74],{"class":66},[53,63187,240],{"class":228},[53,63189,9187],{"class":232},[53,63191,229],{"class":228},[53,63193,192],{"class":66},[53,63195,9194],{"class":70},[53,63197,9197],{"class":66},[53,63199,63200,63202,63204,63206,63208,63210],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,63201,2117],{"class":59},[53,63203,31],{"class":63},[53,63205,22429],{"class":1704},[53,63207,127],{"class":66},[53,63209,17177],{"class":102},[53,63211,133],{"class":66},[53,63213,63214],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,63215,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,63217,63218,63220,63222,63224],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,63219,145],{"class":144},[53,63221,127],{"class":66},[53,63223,2152],{"class":102},[53,63225,133],{"class":66},[20,63227,301],{},[44,63229,63230],{"className":46,"code":25351,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,63231,63232],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63233,63234,63236,63238,63240,63242,63244,63246,63248,63250],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63235,311],{"class":66},[53,63237,314],{"class":228},[53,63239,1710],{"class":232},[53,63241,314],{"class":228},[53,63243,74],{"class":66},[53,63245,323],{"class":228},[53,63247,9187],{"class":232},[53,63249,314],{"class":228},[53,63251,85],{"class":66},[20,63253,63254,63255,63257],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,63256,24651],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,63259,63260,63261,99],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[758,63262,63264],{"href":63263},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[39,63266,63268],{"id":63267},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,63270,63271],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,63273,60869],{},[194,63275,63276,63278,63280,63282,63284,63286],{},[197,63277,5183],{},[197,63279,5186],{},[197,63281,5192],{},[197,63283,5189],{},[197,63285,62711],{},[197,63287,7138],{},[20,63289,63290],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[44,63292,63294],{"className":46,"code":63293,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,63295,63296],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63297,63298,63300,63302,63304,63306,63308,63311,63313],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63299,145],{"class":144},[53,63301,127],{"class":66},[53,63303,7979],{"class":1704},[53,63305,127],{"class":66},[53,63307,229],{"class":228},[53,63309,63310],{"class":232},"hi",[53,63312,229],{"class":228},[53,63314,1713],{"class":66},[20,63316,301],{},[44,63318,63320],{"className":46,"code":63319,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,63321,63322],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63323,63324,63326,63328,63330,63332,63334,63336,63338,63340],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63325,311],{"class":66},[53,63327,314],{"class":228},[53,63329,60152],{"class":232},[53,63331,314],{"class":228},[53,63333,74],{"class":66},[53,63335,323],{"class":228},[53,63337,36030],{"class":232},[53,63339,314],{"class":228},[53,63341,85],{"class":66},[20,63343,63344],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[44,63346,63348],{"className":46,"code":63347,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(list(5))\n",[15,63349,63350],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63351,63352,63354,63356,63358,63360,63362],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63353,145],{"class":144},[53,63355,127],{"class":66},[53,63357,7979],{"class":1704},[53,63359,127],{"class":66},[53,63361,2024],{"class":70},[53,63363,1713],{"class":66},[20,63365,301],{},[44,63367,63369],{"className":46,"code":63368,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63370,63371],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63372,63373,63375,63377,63379,63381,63383,63385,63387,63389],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63374,2892],{"class":1704},[53,63376,192],{"class":66},[53,63378,323],{"class":228},[53,63380,2075],{"class":232},[53,63382,314],{"class":228},[53,63384,24487],{"class":1704},[53,63386,7982],{"class":63},[53,63388,7985],{"class":63},[53,63390,63391],{"class":59}," iterable\n",[20,63393,63394,63395,63397,63398,99],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[758,63396,5019],{"href":5471},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[758,63399,63400],{"href":52472},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[39,63402,63404],{"id":63403},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,63406,63407,63408,63411],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63409,63410],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[44,63413,63415],{"className":46,"code":63414,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63416,63417,63437,63451,63455,63465,63475],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63418,63419,63421,63423,63425,63427,63429,63431,63433,63435],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63420,796],{"class":59},[53,63422,31],{"class":63},[53,63424,67],{"class":66},[53,63426,71],{"class":70},[53,63428,74],{"class":66},[53,63430,77],{"class":70},[53,63432,74],{"class":66},[53,63434,82],{"class":70},[53,63436,85],{"class":66},[53,63438,63439,63441,63443,63445,63447,63449],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,63440,827],{"class":59},[53,63442,31],{"class":63},[53,63444,22429],{"class":1704},[53,63446,127],{"class":66},[53,63448,877],{"class":102},[53,63450,133],{"class":66},[53,63452,63453],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,63454,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,63456,63457,63459,63461,63463],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,63458,145],{"class":144},[53,63460,127],{"class":66},[53,63462,877],{"class":102},[53,63464,133],{"class":66},[53,63466,63467,63469,63471,63473],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,63468,145],{"class":144},[53,63470,127],{"class":66},[53,63472,847],{"class":102},[53,63474,133],{"class":66},[53,63476,63477,63479,63481,63483,63485,63487],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,63478,145],{"class":144},[53,63480,127],{"class":66},[53,63482,796],{"class":102},[53,63484,12081],{"class":3764},[53,63486,14257],{"class":102},[53,63488,133],{"class":66},[20,63490,301],{},[44,63492,63494],{"className":46,"code":63493,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,63495,63496,63512,63528],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63497,63498,63500,63502,63504,63506,63508,63510],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63499,311],{"class":66},[53,63501,71],{"class":70},[53,63503,74],{"class":66},[53,63505,77],{"class":70},[53,63507,74],{"class":66},[53,63509,82],{"class":70},[53,63511,85],{"class":66},[53,63513,63514,63516,63518,63520,63522,63524,63526],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,63515,311],{"class":66},[53,63517,71],{"class":70},[53,63519,74],{"class":66},[53,63521,77],{"class":70},[53,63523,74],{"class":66},[53,63525,82],{"class":70},[53,63527,85],{"class":66},[53,63529,63530],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,63531,3929],{"class":3739},[20,63533,63534,63535,63537],{},"This means ",[15,63536,847],{}," is a different list object.",[20,63539,63540,63541,63543],{},"However, this is only a ",[34,63542,180],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[44,63545,63547],{"className":46,"code":63546,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,63548,63549,63575,63589,63593,63611,63615,63625],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63550,63551,63553,63555,63557,63559,63561,63563,63565,63567,63569,63571,63573],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63552,796],{"class":59},[53,63554,31],{"class":63},[53,63556,801],{"class":66},[53,63558,71],{"class":70},[53,63560,74],{"class":66},[53,63562,77],{"class":70},[53,63564,810],{"class":66},[53,63566,67],{"class":66},[53,63568,815],{"class":70},[53,63570,74],{"class":66},[53,63572,597],{"class":70},[53,63574,822],{"class":66},[53,63576,63577,63579,63581,63583,63585,63587],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,63578,827],{"class":59},[53,63580,31],{"class":63},[53,63582,22429],{"class":1704},[53,63584,127],{"class":66},[53,63586,877],{"class":102},[53,63588,133],{"class":66},[53,63590,63591],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,63592,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,63594,63595,63597,63599,63601,63603,63605,63607,63609],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,63596,847],{"class":59},[53,63598,311],{"class":66},[53,63600,852],{"class":70},[53,63602,855],{"class":66},[53,63604,124],{"class":102},[53,63606,127],{"class":66},[53,63608,862],{"class":70},[53,63610,133],{"class":66},[53,63612,63613],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,63614,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,63616,63617,63619,63621,63623],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,63618,145],{"class":144},[53,63620,127],{"class":66},[53,63622,877],{"class":102},[53,63624,133],{"class":66},[53,63626,63627,63629,63631,63633],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,63628,145],{"class":144},[53,63630,127],{"class":66},[53,63632,847],{"class":102},[53,63634,133],{"class":66},[20,63636,301],{},[44,63638,63639],{"className":46,"code":894,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,63640,63641,63667],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63642,63643,63645,63647,63649,63651,63653,63655,63657,63659,63661,63663,63665],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63644,901],{"class":66},[53,63646,71],{"class":70},[53,63648,74],{"class":66},[53,63650,77],{"class":70},[53,63652,74],{"class":66},[53,63654,912],{"class":70},[53,63656,810],{"class":66},[53,63658,67],{"class":66},[53,63660,815],{"class":70},[53,63662,74],{"class":66},[53,63664,597],{"class":70},[53,63666,822],{"class":66},[53,63668,63669,63671,63673,63675,63677,63679,63681,63683,63685,63687,63689,63691],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,63670,901],{"class":66},[53,63672,71],{"class":70},[53,63674,74],{"class":66},[53,63676,77],{"class":70},[53,63678,74],{"class":66},[53,63680,912],{"class":70},[53,63682,810],{"class":66},[53,63684,67],{"class":66},[53,63686,815],{"class":70},[53,63688,74],{"class":66},[53,63690,597],{"class":70},[53,63692,822],{"class":66},[20,63694,63695],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,63697,63698,63699,99],{},"For more on this, see ",[758,63700,994],{"href":993},[39,63702,63704],{"id":63703},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,63706,63707,63708,99],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,63709,24651],{},[1327,63711,63713],{"id":63712},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[44,63715,63717],{"className":46,"code":63716,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,63718,63719,63759],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63720,63721,63723,63725,63727,63729,63731,63733,63735,63737,63739,63741,63743,63745,63747,63749,63751,63753,63755,63757],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63722,12748],{"class":59},[53,63724,31],{"class":63},[53,63726,10379],{"class":66},[53,63728,229],{"class":228},[53,63730,1710],{"class":232},[53,63732,229],{"class":228},[53,63734,192],{"class":66},[53,63736,240],{"class":228},[53,63738,7806],{"class":232},[53,63740,229],{"class":228},[53,63742,74],{"class":66},[53,63744,240],{"class":228},[53,63746,19759],{"class":232},[53,63748,229],{"class":228},[53,63750,192],{"class":66},[53,63752,240],{"class":228},[53,63754,22114],{"class":232},[53,63756,229],{"class":228},[53,63758,9197],{"class":66},[53,63760,63761,63763,63765,63767,63769,63771],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,63762,145],{"class":144},[53,63764,127],{"class":66},[53,63766,7979],{"class":1704},[53,63768,127],{"class":66},[53,63770,13503],{"class":102},[53,63772,1713],{"class":66},[20,63774,301],{},[44,63776,63778],{"className":46,"code":63777,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,63779,63780],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63781,63782,63784,63786,63788,63790,63792,63794,63796,63798],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63783,311],{"class":66},[53,63785,314],{"class":228},[53,63787,1710],{"class":232},[53,63789,314],{"class":228},[53,63791,74],{"class":66},[53,63793,323],{"class":228},[53,63795,19759],{"class":232},[53,63797,314],{"class":228},[53,63799,85],{"class":66},[1327,63801,63803],{"id":63802},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[44,63805,63807],{"className":46,"code":63806,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,63808,63809,63849],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63810,63811,63813,63815,63817,63819,63821,63823,63825,63827,63829,63831,63833,63835,63837,63839,63841,63843,63845,63847],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63812,12748],{"class":59},[53,63814,31],{"class":63},[53,63816,10379],{"class":66},[53,63818,229],{"class":228},[53,63820,1710],{"class":232},[53,63822,229],{"class":228},[53,63824,192],{"class":66},[53,63826,240],{"class":228},[53,63828,7806],{"class":232},[53,63830,229],{"class":228},[53,63832,74],{"class":66},[53,63834,240],{"class":228},[53,63836,19759],{"class":232},[53,63838,229],{"class":228},[53,63840,192],{"class":66},[53,63842,240],{"class":228},[53,63844,22114],{"class":232},[53,63846,229],{"class":228},[53,63848,9197],{"class":66},[53,63850,63851,63853,63855,63857,63859,63861,63863,63865],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,63852,145],{"class":144},[53,63854,127],{"class":66},[53,63856,7979],{"class":1704},[53,63858,127],{"class":66},[53,63860,13503],{"class":102},[53,63862,99],{"class":66},[53,63864,5242],{"class":102},[53,63866,6176],{"class":66},[20,63868,301],{},[44,63870,63872],{"className":46,"code":63871,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,63873,63874],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63875,63876,63878,63880,63882,63884,63886,63888,63890,63892],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63877,311],{"class":66},[53,63879,314],{"class":228},[53,63881,7806],{"class":232},[53,63883,314],{"class":228},[53,63885,74],{"class":66},[53,63887,323],{"class":228},[53,63889,22114],{"class":232},[53,63891,314],{"class":228},[53,63893,85],{"class":66},[1327,63895,63897],{"id":63896},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[44,63899,63901],{"className":46,"code":63900,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,63902,63903,63943],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63904,63905,63907,63909,63911,63913,63915,63917,63919,63921,63923,63925,63927,63929,63931,63933,63935,63937,63939,63941],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63906,12748],{"class":59},[53,63908,31],{"class":63},[53,63910,10379],{"class":66},[53,63912,229],{"class":228},[53,63914,1710],{"class":232},[53,63916,229],{"class":228},[53,63918,192],{"class":66},[53,63920,240],{"class":228},[53,63922,7806],{"class":232},[53,63924,229],{"class":228},[53,63926,74],{"class":66},[53,63928,240],{"class":228},[53,63930,19759],{"class":232},[53,63932,229],{"class":228},[53,63934,192],{"class":66},[53,63936,240],{"class":228},[53,63938,22114],{"class":232},[53,63940,229],{"class":228},[53,63942,9197],{"class":66},[53,63944,63945,63947,63949,63951,63953,63955,63957,63959],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,63946,145],{"class":144},[53,63948,127],{"class":66},[53,63950,7979],{"class":1704},[53,63952,127],{"class":66},[53,63954,13503],{"class":102},[53,63956,99],{"class":66},[53,63958,7696],{"class":102},[53,63960,6176],{"class":66},[20,63962,301],{},[44,63964,63966],{"className":46,"code":63965,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,63967,63968],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63969,63970,63972,63974,63976,63978,63980,63982,63984,63986,63988,63990,63992,63994,63996,63998,64000,64002,64004],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63971,21609],{"class":66},[53,63973,314],{"class":228},[53,63975,1710],{"class":232},[53,63977,314],{"class":228},[53,63979,74],{"class":66},[53,63981,323],{"class":228},[53,63983,7806],{"class":232},[53,63985,314],{"class":228},[53,63987,9121],{"class":66},[53,63989,9124],{"class":66},[53,63991,314],{"class":228},[53,63993,19759],{"class":232},[53,63995,314],{"class":228},[53,63997,74],{"class":66},[53,63999,323],{"class":228},[53,64001,22114],{"class":232},[53,64003,314],{"class":228},[53,64005,9137],{"class":66},[20,64007,64008],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[39,64010,64012],{"id":64011},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,64014,174,64015,1152],{},[15,64016,24651],{},[194,64018,64019,64027,64036],{},[197,64020,64021,64022,2765,64024],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,64023,1315],{},[15,64025,64026],{},"sort()",[197,64028,64029,64030,2765,64032,64035],{},"you want to convert ",[15,64031,36073],{},[15,64033,64034],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[197,64037,64038],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,64040,45912,64041,192],{},[15,64042,64034],{},[44,64044,64046],{"className":46,"code":64045,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,64047,64048,64072,64088,64092,64115],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,64049,64050,64052,64054,64056,64058,64060,64062,64064,64066,64068,64070],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,64051,4880],{"class":59},[53,64053,31],{"class":63},[53,64055,67],{"class":66},[53,64057,229],{"class":228},[53,64059,12765],{"class":232},[53,64061,229],{"class":228},[53,64063,74],{"class":66},[53,64065,240],{"class":228},[53,64067,35816],{"class":232},[53,64069,229],{"class":228},[53,64071,85],{"class":66},[53,64073,64074,64076,64078,64080,64082,64084,64086],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,64075,1181],{"class":59},[53,64077,31],{"class":63},[53,64079,67],{"class":66},[53,64081,13381],{"class":70},[53,64083,74],{"class":66},[53,64085,13386],{"class":70},[53,64087,85],{"class":66},[53,64089,64090],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,64091,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,64093,64094,64096,64098,64100,64102,64105,64107,64109,64111,64113],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,64095,9103],{"class":59},[53,64097,31],{"class":63},[53,64099,22429],{"class":1704},[53,64101,127],{"class":66},[53,64103,64104],{"class":144},"zip",[53,64106,127],{"class":66},[53,64108,4923],{"class":102},[53,64110,74],{"class":66},[53,64112,1210],{"class":102},[53,64114,1713],{"class":66},[53,64116,64117,64119,64121,64123],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,64118,145],{"class":144},[53,64120,127],{"class":66},[53,64122,9150],{"class":102},[53,64124,133],{"class":66},[20,64126,301],{},[44,64128,64130],{"className":46,"code":64129,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,64131,64132],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,64133,64134,64136,64138,64140,64142,64144,64146,64148,64150,64152,64154,64156,64158,64160],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,64135,21609],{"class":66},[53,64137,314],{"class":228},[53,64139,12765],{"class":232},[53,64141,314],{"class":228},[53,64143,74],{"class":66},[53,64145,19766],{"class":70},[53,64147,9121],{"class":66},[53,64149,9124],{"class":66},[53,64151,314],{"class":228},[53,64153,35816],{"class":232},[53,64155,314],{"class":228},[53,64157,74],{"class":66},[53,64159,13386],{"class":70},[53,64161,9137],{"class":66},[20,64163,64164,64165,64167,64168,99],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,64166,1315],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[758,64169,52918],{"href":52917},[39,64171,1320],{"id":1319},[20,64173,1323,64174,99],{},[15,64175,24651],{},[1327,64177,64179],{"id":64178},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,64181,4411],{},[44,64183,64185],{"className":46,"code":64184,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,64186,64187,64191],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,64188,64189],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,64190,4421],{"class":156},[53,64192,64193,64195,64197,64199,64201,64203,64205,64207],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,64194,7979],{"class":1704},[53,64196,127],{"class":66},[53,64198,71],{"class":70},[53,64200,74],{"class":66},[53,64202,77],{"class":70},[53,64204,74],{"class":66},[53,64206,82],{"class":70},[53,64208,133],{"class":66},[20,64210,64211,64213],{},[15,64212,24651],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,64215,18562],{},[44,64217,64219],{"className":46,"code":64218,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,64220,64221],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,64222,64223,64225,64227,64229,64231,64233,64235,64237,64239,64241],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,64224,145],{"class":144},[53,64226,127],{"class":66},[53,64228,7979],{"class":1704},[53,64230,5395],{"class":66},[53,64232,71],{"class":70},[53,64234,74],{"class":66},[53,64236,77],{"class":70},[53,64238,74],{"class":66},[53,64240,82],{"class":70},[53,64242,2799],{"class":66},[1327,64244,64246,64247],{"id":64245},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[53,64248,64249],{},"\"hello\"",[20,64251,64252],{},"This is a common surprise:",[44,64254,64256],{"className":46,"code":64255,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,64257,64258],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,64259,64260,64262,64264,64266,64268,64270,64272,64274],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,64261,145],{"class":144},[53,64263,127],{"class":66},[53,64265,7979],{"class":1704},[53,64267,127],{"class":66},[53,64269,229],{"class":228},[53,64271,3732],{"class":232},[53,64273,229],{"class":228},[53,64275,1713],{"class":66},[20,64277,301],{},[44,64279,64281],{"className":46,"code":64280,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,64282,64283],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,64284,64285,64287,64289,64291,64293,64295,64297,64299,64301,64303,64305,64307,64309,64311,64313,64315,64317,64319,64321,64323,64325],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,64286,311],{"class":66},[53,64288,314],{"class":228},[53,64290,60152],{"class":232},[53,64292,314],{"class":228},[53,64294,74],{"class":66},[53,64296,323],{"class":228},[53,64298,60161],{"class":232},[53,64300,314],{"class":228},[53,64302,74],{"class":66},[53,64304,323],{"class":228},[53,64306,60170],{"class":232},[53,64308,314],{"class":228},[53,64310,74],{"class":66},[53,64312,323],{"class":228},[53,64314,60170],{"class":232},[53,64316,314],{"class":228},[53,64318,74],{"class":66},[53,64320,323],{"class":228},[53,64322,60187],{"class":232},[53,64324,314],{"class":228},[53,64326,85],{"class":66},[20,64328,64329],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,64331,64332],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[44,64334,64336],{"className":46,"code":64335,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,64337,64338],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,64339,64340,64342,64344,64346,64348,64350],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,64341,145],{"class":144},[53,64343,2873],{"class":66},[53,64345,229],{"class":228},[53,64347,3732],{"class":232},[53,64349,229],{"class":228},[53,64351,3777],{"class":66},[1327,64353,64355],{"id":64354},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,64357,64358],{},"This:",[44,64360,64362],{"className":46,"code":64361,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64363,64364,64396],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,64365,64366,64368,64370,64372,64374,64376,64378,64380,64382,64384,64386,64388,64390,64392,64394],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,64367,9053],{"class":59},[53,64369,31],{"class":63},[53,64371,10379],{"class":66},[53,64373,229],{"class":228},[53,64375,758],{"class":232},[53,64377,229],{"class":228},[53,64379,192],{"class":66},[53,64381,5382],{"class":70},[53,64383,74],{"class":66},[53,64385,240],{"class":228},[53,64387,1376],{"class":232},[53,64389,229],{"class":228},[53,64391,192],{"class":66},[53,64393,77],{"class":70},[53,64395,9197],{"class":66},[53,64397,64398,64400,64402,64404,64406,64408],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,64399,145],{"class":144},[53,64401,127],{"class":66},[53,64403,7979],{"class":1704},[53,64405,127],{"class":66},[53,64407,9092],{"class":102},[53,64409,1713],{"class":66},[20,64411,64412],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,64414,174,64415,64418],{},[15,64416,64417],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[1327,64420,64422],{"id":64421},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,64424,64425,64427],{},[15,64426,24651],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,64429,64430],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[39,64432,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,64434,1739,64436,64438],{"id":64435},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[53,64437],{}," and list()?",[20,64440,64441,64442,64444,64445,64447],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64443,3673],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64446,24651],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[1327,64449,64451],{"id":64450},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,64453,64454,64455,64457],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,64456,24651],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[1327,64459,64461],{"id":64460},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,64463,64464],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[1327,64466,64468],{"id":64467},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,64470,64471],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[1327,64473,64475],{"id":64474},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,64477,64478,64479,64481],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,64480,24651],{}," cannot loop through it.",[39,64483,1788],{"id":1787},[194,64485,64486,64490,64495,64499,64503,64507,64511,64516],{},[197,64487,64488],{},[758,64489,761],{"href":760},[197,64491,64492],{},[758,64493,64494],{"href":36070},"Python range() function explained",[197,64496,64497],{},[758,64498,62932],{"href":62931},[197,64500,64501],{},[758,64502,63264],{"href":63263},[197,64504,64505],{},[758,64506,5099],{"href":5471},[197,64508,64509],{},[758,64510,994],{"href":993},[197,64512,64513],{},[758,64514,64515],{"href":52472},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[197,64517,64518],{},[758,64519,54145],{"href":52917},[1817,64521,64522],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":64524},[64525,64526,64527,64528,64529,64536,64537,64538,64543,64544,64551,64559],{"id":41,"depth":88,"text":42},{"id":62634,"depth":88,"text":62635},{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372},{"id":59333,"depth":88,"text":59334},{"id":62862,"depth":88,"text":62863,"children":64530},[64531,64532,64533,64534,64535],{"id":62866,"depth":109,"text":62867},{"id":62935,"depth":109,"text":62936},{"id":63013,"depth":109,"text":63014},{"id":63088,"depth":109,"text":63089},{"id":63155,"depth":109,"text":63156},{"id":63267,"depth":88,"text":63268},{"id":63403,"depth":88,"text":63404},{"id":63703,"depth":88,"text":63704,"children":64539},[64540,64541,64542],{"id":63712,"depth":109,"text":63713},{"id":63802,"depth":109,"text":63803},{"id":63896,"depth":109,"text":63897},{"id":64011,"depth":88,"text":64012},{"id":1319,"depth":88,"text":1320,"children":64545},[64546,64547,64549,64550],{"id":64178,"depth":109,"text":64179},{"id":64245,"depth":109,"text":64548},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64354,"depth":109,"text":64355},{"id":64421,"depth":109,"text":64422},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":64552},[64553,64555,64556,64557,64558],{"id":64435,"depth":109,"text":64554},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64450,"depth":109,"text":64451},{"id":64460,"depth":109,"text":64461},{"id":64467,"depth":109,"text":64468},{"id":64474,"depth":109,"text":64475},{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62468,"description":64560},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64567,"title":64568,"body":64569,"description":65920,"extension":1853,"meta":65921,"navigation":112,"path":65922,"seo":65923,"stem":65924,"__hash__":65925},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64570,"toc":65894},[64571,64576,64582,64591,64593,64666,64675,64680,64684,64700,64704,64706,64708,64727,64730,64758,64761,64786,64794,64796,64801,64808,64810,64867,64869,64877,64883,64887,64890,64963,64965,64973,64976,64999,65006,65012,65016,65022,65093,65095,65103,65112,65119,65126,65134,65278,65280,65297,65300,65339,65342,65346,65351,65353,65412,65418,65421,65528,65530,65545,65548,65555,65557,65561,65709,65712,65773,65776,65779,65800,65805,65809,65820,65823,65825,65830,65833,65841,65846,65852,65855,65861,65869,65871,65891],[10,64572,13,64574,18],{"id":64573},"python-list-index-method",[15,64575,58681],{},[20,64577,64578,64581],{},[15,64579,64580],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,64583,64584,64585,64588,64589,99],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[34,64586,64587],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,64590,40576],{},[39,64592,3497],{"id":3496},[44,64594,64596],{"className":46,"code":64595,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,64597,64598,64630,64653],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,64599,64600,64602,64604,64606,64608,64610,64612,64614,64616,64618,64620,64622,64624,64626,64628],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,64601,7667],{"class":59},[53,64603,31],{"class":63},[53,64605,67],{"class":66},[53,64607,229],{"class":228},[53,64609,233],{"class":232},[53,64611,229],{"class":228},[53,64613,74],{"class":66},[53,64615,240],{"class":228},[53,64617,243],{"class":232},[53,64619,229],{"class":228},[53,64621,74],{"class":66},[53,64623,240],{"class":228},[53,64625,3984],{"class":232},[53,64627,229],{"class":228},[53,64629,85],{"class":66},[53,64631,64632,64635,64637,64639,64641,64643,64645,64647,64649,64651],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,64633,64634],{"class":59},"position ",[53,64636,31],{"class":63},[53,64638,5851],{"class":59},[53,64640,99],{"class":66},[53,64642,35721],{"class":102},[53,64644,127],{"class":66},[53,64646,229],{"class":228},[53,64648,243],{"class":232},[53,64650,229],{"class":228},[53,64652,133],{"class":66},[53,64654,64655,64657,64659,64662,64664],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,64656,145],{"class":144},[53,64658,127],{"class":66},[53,64660,64661],{"class":102},"position",[53,64663,153],{"class":66},[53,64665,27650],{"class":156},[20,64667,174,64668,64671,64672,64674],{},[15,64669,64670],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,64673,40576],{}," if the item is not found.",[39,64676,184,64678,187],{"id":64677},"what-listindex-does",[15,64679,64580],{},[20,64681,64682,192],{},[15,64683,64580],{},[194,64685,64686,64689,64692,64697],{},[197,64687,64688],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[197,64690,64691],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[197,64693,64694,64695],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,64696,852],{},[197,64698,64699],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,64701,54433,64702,99],{},[758,64703,761],{"href":54436},[39,64705,372],{"id":371},[20,64707,30597],{},[44,64709,64711],{"className":46,"code":64710,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,64712,64713],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,64714,64715,64717,64719,64721,64723,64725],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,64716,8225],{"class":59},[53,64718,99],{"class":66},[53,64720,35721],{"class":102},[53,64722,127],{"class":66},[53,64724,2360],{"class":102},[53,64726,133],{"class":66},[20,64728,64729],{},"You can also limit the search:",[44,64731,64733],{"className":46,"code":64732,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,64734,64735],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,64736,64737,64739,64741,64743,64745,64747,64749,64751,64753,64756],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,64738,8225],{"class":59},[53,64740,99],{"class":66},[53,64742,35721],{"class":102},[53,64744,127],{"class":66},[53,64746,2360],{"class":102},[53,64748,74],{"class":66},[53,64750,35927],{"class":102},[53,64752,74],{"class":66},[53,64754,64755],{"class":102}," end",[53,64757,133],{"class":66},[20,64759,64760],{},"Here is what each part means:",[194,64762,64763,64768,64773,64778],{},[197,64764,64765,64767],{},[15,64766,2360],{},": the item to search for",[197,64769,64770,64772],{},[15,64771,35948],{},": where the search begins",[197,64774,64775,64777],{},[15,64776,52532],{},": where the search stops",[197,64779,64780,4669,64782,64785],{},[15,64781,52532],{},[34,64783,64784],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,64787,64788,64789,64791,64792,99],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,64790,35948],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,64793,52532],{},[39,64795,37895],{"id":37894},[20,64797,64798,64800],{},[15,64799,64580],{}," returns an integer.",[20,64802,64803,64804,64807],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[34,64805,64806],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,64809,211],{},[44,64811,64813],{"className":46,"code":64812,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,64814,64815,64835,64853,64857],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,64816,64817,64819,64821,64823,64825,64827,64829,64831,64833],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,64818,60],{"class":59},[53,64820,31],{"class":63},[53,64822,67],{"class":66},[53,64824,1188],{"class":70},[53,64826,74],{"class":66},[53,64828,1193],{"class":70},[53,64830,74],{"class":66},[53,64832,1198],{"class":70},[53,64834,85],{"class":66},[53,64836,64837,64839,64841,64843,64845,64847,64849,64851],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,64838,2117],{"class":59},[53,64840,31],{"class":63},[53,64842,96],{"class":59},[53,64844,99],{"class":66},[53,64846,35721],{"class":102},[53,64848,127],{"class":66},[53,64850,15625],{"class":70},[53,64852,133],{"class":66},[53,64854,64855],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,64856,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,64858,64859,64861,64863,64865],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,64860,145],{"class":144},[53,64862,127],{"class":66},[53,64864,2152],{"class":102},[53,64866,133],{"class":66},[20,64868,301],{},[44,64870,64871],{"className":46,"code":46789,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,64872,64873],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,64874,64875],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,64876,46789],{"class":70},[20,64878,64879,64880,64882],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,64881,58681],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[39,64884,64886],{"id":64885},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,64888,64889],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[44,64891,64893],{"className":46,"code":64892,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,64894,64895,64927,64949,64953],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,64896,64897,64899,64901,64903,64905,64907,64909,64911,64913,64915,64917,64919,64921,64923,64925],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,64898,221],{"class":59},[53,64900,31],{"class":63},[53,64902,67],{"class":66},[53,64904,229],{"class":228},[53,64906,233],{"class":232},[53,64908,229],{"class":228},[53,64910,74],{"class":66},[53,64912,240],{"class":228},[53,64914,243],{"class":232},[53,64916,229],{"class":228},[53,64918,74],{"class":66},[53,64920,240],{"class":228},[53,64922,3984],{"class":232},[53,64924,229],{"class":228},[53,64926,85],{"class":66},[53,64928,64929,64931,64933,64935,64937,64939,64941,64943,64945,64947],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,64930,64634],{"class":59},[53,64932,31],{"class":63},[53,64934,266],{"class":59},[53,64936,99],{"class":66},[53,64938,35721],{"class":102},[53,64940,127],{"class":66},[53,64942,229],{"class":228},[53,64944,3984],{"class":232},[53,64946,229],{"class":228},[53,64948,133],{"class":66},[53,64950,64951],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,64952,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,64954,64955,64957,64959,64961],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,64956,145],{"class":144},[53,64958,127],{"class":66},[53,64960,64661],{"class":102},[53,64962,133],{"class":66},[20,64964,301],{},[44,64966,64967],{"className":46,"code":16926,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,64968,64969],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,64970,64971],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,64972,16926],{"class":70},[20,64974,64975],{},"In this list:",[194,64977,64978,64985,64992],{},[197,64979,64980,64982,64983],{},[15,64981,57546],{}," is at index ",[15,64984,852],{},[197,64986,64987,64982,64990],{},[15,64988,64989],{},"\"banana\"",[15,64991,71],{},[197,64993,64994,64982,64997],{},[15,64995,64996],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,64998,1589],{},[20,65000,973,65001,2285,65004,99],{},[15,65002,65003],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,65005,1589],{},[20,65007,51415,65008,99],{},[758,65009,65011],{"href":65010},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[39,65013,65015],{"id":65014},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,65017,65018,65019,65021],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,65020,58681],{}," returns the first match only.",[44,65023,65025],{"className":46,"code":65024,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,65026,65027,65067,65071],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,65028,65029,65031,65033,65035,65037,65039,65041,65043,65045,65047,65049,65051,65053,65055,65057,65059,65061,65063,65065],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,65030,1025],{"class":59},[53,65032,31],{"class":63},[53,65034,67],{"class":66},[53,65036,229],{"class":228},[53,65038,1034],{"class":232},[53,65040,229],{"class":228},[53,65042,74],{"class":66},[53,65044,240],{"class":228},[53,65046,1043],{"class":232},[53,65048,229],{"class":228},[53,65050,74],{"class":66},[53,65052,240],{"class":228},[53,65054,1034],{"class":232},[53,65056,229],{"class":228},[53,65058,74],{"class":66},[53,65060,240],{"class":228},[53,65062,17324],{"class":232},[53,65064,229],{"class":228},[53,65066,85],{"class":66},[53,65068,65069],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,65070,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,65072,65073,65075,65077,65079,65081,65083,65085,65087,65089,65091],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,65074,145],{"class":144},[53,65076,127],{"class":66},[53,65078,1115],{"class":102},[53,65080,99],{"class":66},[53,65082,35721],{"class":102},[53,65084,127],{"class":66},[53,65086,229],{"class":228},[53,65088,1034],{"class":232},[53,65090,229],{"class":228},[53,65092,1713],{"class":66},[20,65094,301],{},[44,65096,65097],{"className":46,"code":47124,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,65098,65099],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,65100,65101],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,65102,47124],{"class":70},[20,65104,20846,65105,65108,65109,65111],{},[15,65106,65107],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,65110,852],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,65113,65114,65115,99],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[758,65116,1312,65117,1316],{"href":58740},[15,65118,57003],{},[39,65120,485,65122,960,65124],{"id":65121},"using-start-and-end",[15,65123,35948],{},[15,65125,52532],{},[20,65127,65128,65129,960,65131,65133],{},"The optional ",[15,65130,35948],{},[15,65132,52532],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[44,65135,65137],{"className":46,"code":65136,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,65138,65139,65187,65191,65216,65245],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,65140,65141,65143,65145,65147,65149,65151,65153,65155,65157,65159,65161,65163,65165,65167,65169,65171,65173,65175,65177,65179,65181,65183,65185],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,65142,35966],{"class":59},[53,65144,31],{"class":63},[53,65146,67],{"class":66},[53,65148,229],{"class":228},[53,65150,758],{"class":232},[53,65152,229],{"class":228},[53,65154,74],{"class":66},[53,65156,240],{"class":228},[53,65158,1376],{"class":232},[53,65160,229],{"class":228},[53,65162,74],{"class":66},[53,65164,240],{"class":228},[53,65166,9628],{"class":232},[53,65168,229],{"class":228},[53,65170,74],{"class":66},[53,65172,240],{"class":228},[53,65174,1376],{"class":232},[53,65176,229],{"class":228},[53,65178,74],{"class":66},[53,65180,240],{"class":228},[53,65182,18635],{"class":232},[53,65184,229],{"class":228},[53,65186,85],{"class":66},[53,65188,65189],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,65190,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,65192,65193,65195,65197,65199,65201,65203,65205,65207,65209,65211,65213],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,65194,145],{"class":144},[53,65196,127],{"class":66},[53,65198,36019],{"class":102},[53,65200,99],{"class":66},[53,65202,35721],{"class":102},[53,65204,127],{"class":66},[53,65206,229],{"class":228},[53,65208,1376],{"class":232},[53,65210,229],{"class":228},[53,65212,5245],{"class":66},[53,65214,65215],{"class":156},"        # first match\n",[53,65217,65218,65220,65222,65224,65226,65228,65230,65232,65234,65236,65238,65240,65242],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,65219,145],{"class":144},[53,65221,127],{"class":66},[53,65223,36019],{"class":102},[53,65225,99],{"class":66},[53,65227,35721],{"class":102},[53,65229,127],{"class":66},[53,65231,229],{"class":228},[53,65233,1376],{"class":232},[53,65235,229],{"class":228},[53,65237,74],{"class":66},[53,65239,77],{"class":70},[53,65241,5245],{"class":66},[53,65243,65244],{"class":156},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[53,65246,65247,65249,65251,65253,65255,65257,65259,65261,65263,65265,65267,65269,65271,65273,65275],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,65248,145],{"class":144},[53,65250,127],{"class":66},[53,65252,36019],{"class":102},[53,65254,99],{"class":66},[53,65256,35721],{"class":102},[53,65258,127],{"class":66},[53,65260,229],{"class":228},[53,65262,1376],{"class":232},[53,65264,229],{"class":228},[53,65266,74],{"class":66},[53,65268,5382],{"class":70},[53,65270,74],{"class":66},[53,65272,597],{"class":70},[53,65274,5245],{"class":66},[53,65276,65277],{"class":156},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,65279,301],{},[44,65281,65283],{"className":46,"code":65282,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,65284,65285,65289,65293],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,65286,65287],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,65288,46789],{"class":70},[53,65290,65291],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,65292,46489],{"class":70},[53,65294,65295],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,65296,46789],{"class":70},[20,65298,65299],{},"How this works:",[194,65301,65302,65314,65327],{},[197,65303,65304,65307,65308,65311,65312],{},[15,65305,65306],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,65309,65310],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,65313,71],{},[197,65315,65316,65319,65320,65322,65323,65311,65325],{},[15,65317,65318],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,65321,1589],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,65324,65310],{},[15,65326,815],{},[197,65328,65329,65332,65333,2076,65335,16942,65337],{},[15,65330,65331],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,65334,71],{},[15,65336,1589],{},[15,65338,815],{},[20,65340,65341],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[39,65343,65345],{"id":65344},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,65347,65348,65349,99],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65350,40576],{},[20,65352,211],{},[44,65354,65356],{"className":46,"code":65355,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65357,65358,65390],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,65359,65360,65362,65364,65366,65368,65370,65372,65374,65376,65378,65380,65382,65384,65386,65388],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,65361,7667],{"class":59},[53,65363,31],{"class":63},[53,65365,67],{"class":66},[53,65367,229],{"class":228},[53,65369,233],{"class":232},[53,65371,229],{"class":228},[53,65373,74],{"class":66},[53,65375,240],{"class":228},[53,65377,243],{"class":232},[53,65379,229],{"class":228},[53,65381,74],{"class":66},[53,65383,240],{"class":228},[53,65385,3984],{"class":232},[53,65387,229],{"class":228},[53,65389,85],{"class":66},[53,65391,65392,65394,65396,65398,65400,65402,65404,65406,65408,65410],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,65393,145],{"class":144},[53,65395,127],{"class":66},[53,65397,7696],{"class":102},[53,65399,99],{"class":66},[53,65401,35721],{"class":102},[53,65403,127],{"class":66},[53,65405,229],{"class":228},[53,65407,252],{"class":232},[53,65409,229],{"class":228},[53,65411,1713],{"class":66},[20,65413,39526,65414,65417],{},[15,65415,65416],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,65419,65420],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[44,65422,65424],{"className":46,"code":65423,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,65425,65426,65458,65471,65475,65488,65507,65513],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,65427,65428,65430,65432,65434,65436,65438,65440,65442,65444,65446,65448,65450,65452,65454,65456],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,65429,7667],{"class":59},[53,65431,31],{"class":63},[53,65433,67],{"class":66},[53,65435,229],{"class":228},[53,65437,233],{"class":232},[53,65439,229],{"class":228},[53,65441,74],{"class":66},[53,65443,240],{"class":228},[53,65445,243],{"class":232},[53,65447,229],{"class":228},[53,65449,74],{"class":66},[53,65451,240],{"class":228},[53,65453,3984],{"class":232},[53,65455,229],{"class":228},[53,65457,85],{"class":66},[53,65459,65460,65463,65465,65467,65469],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,65461,65462],{"class":59},"search_value ",[53,65464,31],{"class":63},[53,65466,240],{"class":228},[53,65468,252],{"class":232},[53,65470,1682],{"class":228},[53,65472,65473],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,65474,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,65476,65477,65479,65482,65484,65486],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,65478,6884],{"class":3764},[53,65480,65481],{"class":59}," search_value ",[53,65483,3771],{"class":63},[53,65485,5851],{"class":59},[53,65487,6280],{"class":66},[53,65489,65490,65492,65494,65496,65498,65500,65502,65505],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,65491,7954],{"class":144},[53,65493,127],{"class":66},[53,65495,7696],{"class":102},[53,65497,99],{"class":66},[53,65499,35721],{"class":102},[53,65501,127],{"class":66},[53,65503,65504],{"class":102},"search_value",[53,65506,1713],{"class":66},[53,65508,65509,65511],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,65510,27304],{"class":3764},[53,65512,6280],{"class":66},[53,65514,65515,65517,65519,65521,65524,65526],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,65516,7954],{"class":144},[53,65518,127],{"class":66},[53,65520,229],{"class":228},[53,65522,65523],{"class":232},"Item not found",[53,65525,229],{"class":228},[53,65527,133],{"class":66},[20,65529,301],{},[44,65531,65533],{"className":46,"code":65532,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Item not found\n",[15,65534,65535],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,65536,65537,65540,65542],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,65538,65539],{"class":59},"Item ",[53,65541,36],{"class":63},[53,65543,65544],{"class":59}," found\n",[20,65546,65547],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,65549,65550,65551,99],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[758,65552,65554],{"href":65553},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[39,65556,1320],{"id":1319},[20,65558,21080,65559,192],{},[15,65560,64580],{},[194,65562,65563,65581,65593,65653],{},[197,65564,25644,65565,2285,65567,65570,65571,65573,65574,5044,65576,65578,65579,99],{},[15,65566,58681],{},[15,65568,65569],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[9735,65572],{},"\nPython does ",[34,65575,36],{},[15,65577,65569],{},". It raises ",[15,65580,40576],{},[197,65582,65583,65584,65586,65589,65590,65592],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[9735,65585],{},[15,65587,65588],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,65591,64989],{},", not the value itself.",[197,65594,485,65595,10980,65598,65600,65602,65603,1015,65605,65628,16514,65630],{},[15,65596,65597],{},"index[]",[15,65599,58681],{},[9735,65601],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[9735,65604],{},[44,65606,65608],{"className":46,"code":65607,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,65609,65610],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,65611,65612,65614,65616,65618,65620,65622,65624,65626],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,65613,7696],{"class":59},[53,65615,99],{"class":66},[53,65617,35721],{"class":102},[53,65619,127],{"class":66},[53,65621,229],{"class":228},[53,65623,243],{"class":232},[53,65625,229],{"class":228},[53,65627,133],{"class":66},[9735,65629],{},[44,65631,65633],{"className":46,"code":65632,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,65634,65635],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,65636,65637,65639,65641,65643,65645,65647,65649,65651],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,65638,7696],{"class":59},[53,65640,99],{"class":66},[53,65642,35721],{"class":24620},[53,65644,311],{"class":66},[53,65646,229],{"class":228},[53,65648,243],{"class":232},[53,65650,229],{"class":228},[53,65652,85],{"class":66},[197,65654,65655,65656,65658,960,65661,65663,65664],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[9735,65657],{},[15,65659,65660],{},"\"3\"",[15,65662,815],{}," are different values in Python.",[44,65665,65667],{"className":46,"code":65666,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,65668,65669,65689],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,65670,65671,65673,65675,65677,65679,65681,65683,65685,65687],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,65672,60],{"class":59},[53,65674,31],{"class":63},[53,65676,67],{"class":66},[53,65678,71],{"class":70},[53,65680,74],{"class":66},[53,65682,77],{"class":70},[53,65684,74],{"class":66},[53,65686,82],{"class":70},[53,65688,85],{"class":66},[53,65690,65691,65693,65695,65697,65699,65701,65703,65705,65707],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,65692,145],{"class":144},[53,65694,127],{"class":66},[53,65696,229],{"class":228},[53,65698,815],{"class":232},[53,65700,229],{"class":228},[53,65702,21042],{"class":3764},[53,65704,96],{"class":102},[53,65706,153],{"class":66},[53,65708,4657],{"class":156},[20,65710,65711],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[44,65713,65715],{"className":46,"code":65714,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,65716,65717,65727,65741,65755],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,65718,65719,65721,65723,65725],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,65720,145],{"class":144},[53,65722,127],{"class":66},[53,65724,8225],{"class":102},[53,65726,133],{"class":66},[53,65728,65729,65731,65733,65735,65737,65739],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,65730,145],{"class":144},[53,65732,127],{"class":66},[53,65734,1705],{"class":1704},[53,65736,127],{"class":66},[53,65738,65504],{"class":102},[53,65740,1713],{"class":66},[53,65742,65743,65745,65747,65749,65751,65753],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,65744,145],{"class":144},[53,65746,127],{"class":66},[53,65748,65462],{"class":102},[53,65750,3771],{"class":3764},[53,65752,8282],{"class":102},[53,65754,133],{"class":66},[53,65756,65757,65759,65761,65763,65765,65767,65769,65771],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,65758,145],{"class":144},[53,65760,127],{"class":66},[53,65762,8225],{"class":102},[53,65764,99],{"class":66},[53,65766,35721],{"class":102},[53,65768,127],{"class":66},[53,65770,65504],{"class":102},[53,65772,1713],{"class":66},[20,65774,65775],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,65777,65778],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[194,65780,65781,65784,65791,65797],{},[197,65782,65783],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[197,65785,65786,65787,10980,65789],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,65788,65660],{},[15,65790,815],{},[197,65792,65793,65794,65796],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,65795,58681],{}," returns only the first one",[197,65798,65799],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[39,65801,1145,65803],{"id":65802},"when-to-use-index",[15,65804,58681],{},[20,65806,174,65807,1152],{},[15,65808,58681],{},[194,65810,65811,65814,65817],{},[197,65812,65813],{},"You need the position of a known value",[197,65815,65816],{},"You are working with a small list",[197,65818,65819],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,65821,65822],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[39,65824,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,65826,5025,65828,5028],{"id":65827},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,65829,64580],{},[20,65831,65832],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[1327,65834,1729,65836,5044,65838,65840],{"id":65835},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,65837,64580],{},[15,65839,65569],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,65842,65843,65844,1408],{},"No. It raises ",[15,65845,40576],{},[1327,65847,5053,65849,65851],{"id":65848},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,65850,64580],{}," find all matching items?",[20,65853,65854],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[1327,65856,65858,65859,1744],{"id":65857},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,65860,58681],{},[20,65862,65863,65864,960,65866,65868],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,65865,35948],{},[15,65867,52532],{}," arguments.",[39,65870,1788],{"id":1787},[194,65872,65873,65877,65881,65885],{},[197,65874,65875],{},[758,65876,58669],{"href":65010},[197,65878,65879],{},[758,65880,761],{"href":54436},[197,65882,65883],{},[758,65884,65554],{"href":65553},[197,65886,65887],{},[758,65888,1312,65889,1316],{"href":58740},[15,65890,57003],{},[1817,65892,65893],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":65895},[65896,65897,65899,65900,65901,65902,65903,65905,65906,65907,65909,65919],{"id":3496,"depth":88,"text":3497},{"id":64677,"depth":88,"text":65898},"What list.index() does",{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372},{"id":37894,"depth":88,"text":37895},{"id":64885,"depth":88,"text":64886},{"id":65014,"depth":88,"text":65015},{"id":65121,"depth":88,"text":65904},"Using start and end",{"id":65344,"depth":88,"text":65345},{"id":1319,"depth":88,"text":1320},{"id":65802,"depth":88,"text":65908},"When to use index()",{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":65910},[65911,65913,65915,65917],{"id":65827,"depth":109,"text":65912},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":65835,"depth":109,"text":65914},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":65848,"depth":109,"text":65916},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":65857,"depth":109,"text":65918},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64568,"description":65920},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":65927,"title":65928,"body":65929,"description":67871,"extension":1853,"meta":67872,"navigation":112,"path":67873,"seo":67874,"stem":67875,"__hash__":67876},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":65930,"toc":67831},[65931,65936,65941,65944,65953,66010,66016,66021,66025,66039,66045,66047,66070,66087,66089,66150,66152,66184,66197,66199,66202,66302,66304,66382,66388,66392,66400,66404,66410,66465,66467,66491,66495,66498,66551,66553,66577,66581,66584,66637,66639,66663,66667,66673,66744,66746,66787,66793,66800,66803,66808,66816,66821,66829,66831,66928,66930,66999,67006,67011,67013,67017,67022,67024,67095,67097,67126,67132,67134,67161,67164,67187,67191,67194,67216,67219,67242,67244,67304,67306,67338,67344,67349,67402,67404,67429,67432,67481,67483,67504,67508,67513,67516,67571,67573,67600,67607,67611,67616,67687,67690,67704,67709,67714,67716,67730,67742,67747,67749,67754,67759,67763,67766,67772,67778,67785,67793,67795,67828],[10,65932,13,65934,18],{"id":65933},"python-list-insert-method",[15,65935,54135],{},[20,65937,65938,65940],{},[15,65939,53778],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,65942,65943],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,65945,174,65946,65948,65949,99],{},[15,65947,54135],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[758,65950,1312,65951,1316],{"href":1311},[15,65952,1315],{},[44,65954,65956],{"className":46,"code":65955,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,65957,65958,65978,65996,66006],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,65959,65960,65962,65964,65966,65968,65970,65972,65974,65976],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,65961,60],{"class":59},[53,65963,31],{"class":63},[53,65965,67],{"class":66},[53,65967,71],{"class":70},[53,65969,74],{"class":66},[53,65971,77],{"class":70},[53,65973,74],{"class":66},[53,65975,597],{"class":70},[53,65977,85],{"class":66},[53,65979,65980,65982,65984,65986,65988,65990,65992,65994],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,65981,150],{"class":59},[53,65983,99],{"class":66},[53,65985,53818],{"class":102},[53,65987,127],{"class":66},[53,65989,1589],{"class":70},[53,65991,74],{"class":66},[53,65993,82],{"class":70},[53,65995,133],{"class":66},[53,65997,65998,66000,66002,66004],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,65999,145],{"class":144},[53,66001,127],{"class":66},[53,66003,150],{"class":102},[53,66005,133],{"class":66},[53,66007,66008],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,66009,52594],{"class":156},[20,66011,174,66012,66015],{},[15,66013,66014],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[39,66017,184,66019,187],{"id":66018},"what-listinsert-does",[15,66020,53778],{},[20,66022,66023,192],{},[15,66024,53778],{},[194,66026,66027,66030,66033,66035],{},[197,66028,66029],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[197,66031,66032],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[197,66034,54294],{},[197,66036,11312,66037],{},[15,66038,3664],{},[20,66040,66041,66042,66044],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,66043,54135],{}," does not create a new list.",[39,66046,5315],{"id":5314},[44,66048,66050],{"className":46,"code":66049,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,66051,66052],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66053,66054,66056,66058,66060,66062,66064,66066,66068],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66055,8225],{"class":59},[53,66057,99],{"class":66},[53,66059,53818],{"class":102},[53,66061,127],{"class":66},[53,66063,35721],{"class":102},[53,66065,74],{"class":66},[53,66067,29378],{"class":102},[53,66069,133],{"class":66},[194,66071,66072,66077,66082],{},[197,66073,66074,66076],{},[15,66075,35721],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[197,66078,66079,66081],{},[15,66080,23180],{}," is the value to add",[197,66083,66084,66085],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,66086,852],{},[20,66088,211],{},[44,66090,66092],{"className":46,"code":66091,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66093,66094,66118,66140],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66095,66096,66098,66100,66102,66104,66106,66108,66110,66112,66114,66116],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66097,35966],{"class":59},[53,66099,31],{"class":63},[53,66101,67],{"class":66},[53,66103,229],{"class":228},[53,66105,758],{"class":232},[53,66107,229],{"class":228},[53,66109,74],{"class":66},[53,66111,240],{"class":228},[53,66113,9628],{"class":232},[53,66115,229],{"class":228},[53,66117,85],{"class":66},[53,66119,66120,66122,66124,66126,66128,66130,66132,66134,66136,66138],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,66121,36019],{"class":59},[53,66123,99],{"class":66},[53,66125,53818],{"class":102},[53,66127,127],{"class":66},[53,66129,71],{"class":70},[53,66131,74],{"class":66},[53,66133,240],{"class":228},[53,66135,1376],{"class":232},[53,66137,229],{"class":228},[53,66139,133],{"class":66},[53,66141,66142,66144,66146,66148],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,66143,145],{"class":144},[53,66145,127],{"class":66},[53,66147,36019],{"class":102},[53,66149,133],{"class":66},[20,66151,301],{},[44,66153,66154],{"className":46,"code":42747,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,66155,66156],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66157,66158,66160,66162,66164,66166,66168,66170,66172,66174,66176,66178,66180,66182],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66159,311],{"class":66},[53,66161,314],{"class":228},[53,66163,758],{"class":232},[53,66165,314],{"class":228},[53,66167,74],{"class":66},[53,66169,323],{"class":228},[53,66171,1376],{"class":232},[53,66173,314],{"class":228},[53,66175,74],{"class":66},[53,66177,323],{"class":228},[53,66179,9628],{"class":232},[53,66181,314],{"class":228},[53,66183,85],{"class":66},[20,66185,20639,66186,66188,66189,66191,66192,960,66194,99],{},[15,66187,65310],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,66190,71],{},", so it appears between ",[15,66193,17963],{},[15,66195,66196],{},"\"c\"",[39,66198,5672],{"id":5671},[20,66200,66201],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[44,66203,66205],{"className":46,"code":66204,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,66206,66207,66239,66257,66261,66283],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66208,66209,66211,66213,66215,66217,66219,66221,66223,66225,66227,66229,66231,66233,66235,66237],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66210,1025],{"class":59},[53,66212,31],{"class":63},[53,66214,67],{"class":66},[53,66216,229],{"class":228},[53,66218,1034],{"class":232},[53,66220,229],{"class":228},[53,66222,74],{"class":66},[53,66224,240],{"class":228},[53,66226,1043],{"class":232},[53,66228,229],{"class":228},[53,66230,74],{"class":66},[53,66232,240],{"class":228},[53,66234,17324],{"class":232},[53,66236,229],{"class":228},[53,66238,85],{"class":66},[53,66240,66241,66243,66245,66247,66249,66251,66253,66255],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,66242,145],{"class":144},[53,66244,127],{"class":66},[53,66246,229],{"class":228},[53,66248,11453],{"class":232},[53,66250,229],{"class":228},[53,66252,74],{"class":66},[53,66254,1057],{"class":102},[53,66256,133],{"class":66},[53,66258,66259],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,66260,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,66262,66263,66265,66267,66269,66271,66273,66275,66277,66279,66281],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,66264,1115],{"class":59},[53,66266,99],{"class":66},[53,66268,53818],{"class":102},[53,66270,127],{"class":66},[53,66272,71],{"class":70},[53,66274,74],{"class":66},[53,66276,240],{"class":228},[53,66278,22393],{"class":232},[53,66280,229],{"class":228},[53,66282,133],{"class":66},[53,66284,66285,66287,66289,66291,66294,66296,66298,66300],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,66286,145],{"class":144},[53,66288,127],{"class":66},[53,66290,229],{"class":228},[53,66292,66293],{"class":232},"After: ",[53,66295,229],{"class":228},[53,66297,74],{"class":66},[53,66299,1057],{"class":102},[53,66301,133],{"class":66},[20,66303,301],{},[44,66305,66307],{"className":46,"code":66306,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,66308,66309,66341],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66310,66311,66313,66315,66317,66319,66321,66323,66325,66327,66329,66331,66333,66335,66337,66339],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66312,11513],{"class":59},[53,66314,192],{"class":66},[53,66316,67],{"class":66},[53,66318,314],{"class":228},[53,66320,1034],{"class":232},[53,66322,314],{"class":228},[53,66324,74],{"class":66},[53,66326,323],{"class":228},[53,66328,1043],{"class":232},[53,66330,314],{"class":228},[53,66332,74],{"class":66},[53,66334,323],{"class":228},[53,66336,17324],{"class":232},[53,66338,314],{"class":228},[53,66340,85],{"class":66},[53,66342,66343,66345,66347,66350,66352,66354,66356,66358,66360,66362,66364,66366,66368,66370,66372,66374,66376,66378,66380],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,66344,11566],{"class":59},[53,66346,192],{"class":66},[53,66348,66349],{"class":66},"  [",[53,66351,314],{"class":228},[53,66353,1034],{"class":232},[53,66355,314],{"class":228},[53,66357,74],{"class":66},[53,66359,323],{"class":228},[53,66361,22393],{"class":232},[53,66363,314],{"class":228},[53,66365,74],{"class":66},[53,66367,323],{"class":228},[53,66369,1043],{"class":232},[53,66371,314],{"class":228},[53,66373,74],{"class":66},[53,66375,323],{"class":228},[53,66377,17324],{"class":232},[53,66379,314],{"class":228},[53,66381,85],{"class":66},[20,66383,66384,66385,66387],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66386,71],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[39,66389,66391],{"id":66390},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,66393,1870,66394,35204,66396,66399],{},[15,66395,35721],{},[15,66397,66398],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[1327,66401,66403],{"id":66402},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,66405,66406,66407,66409],{},"Use index ",[15,66408,852],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[44,66411,66413],{"className":46,"code":66412,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66414,66415,66436,66455],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66416,66417,66420,66422,66424,66426,66428,66430,66432,66434],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66418,66419],{"class":59},"nums ",[53,66421,31],{"class":63},[53,66423,67],{"class":66},[53,66425,1589],{"class":70},[53,66427,74],{"class":66},[53,66429,82],{"class":70},[53,66431,74],{"class":66},[53,66433,597],{"class":70},[53,66435,85],{"class":66},[53,66437,66438,66441,66443,66445,66447,66449,66451,66453],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,66439,66440],{"class":59},"nums",[53,66442,99],{"class":66},[53,66444,53818],{"class":102},[53,66446,127],{"class":66},[53,66448,852],{"class":70},[53,66450,74],{"class":66},[53,66452,5382],{"class":70},[53,66454,133],{"class":66},[53,66456,66457,66459,66461,66463],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,66458,145],{"class":144},[53,66460,127],{"class":66},[53,66462,66440],{"class":102},[53,66464,133],{"class":66},[20,66466,301],{},[44,66468,66469],{"className":46,"code":53373,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,66470,66471],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66472,66473,66475,66477,66479,66481,66483,66485,66487,66489],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66474,311],{"class":66},[53,66476,71],{"class":70},[53,66478,74],{"class":66},[53,66480,77],{"class":70},[53,66482,74],{"class":66},[53,66484,82],{"class":70},[53,66486,74],{"class":66},[53,66488,597],{"class":70},[53,66490,85],{"class":66},[1327,66492,66494],{"id":66493},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,66496,66497],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[44,66499,66501],{"className":46,"code":66500,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66502,66503,66523,66541],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66504,66505,66507,66509,66511,66513,66515,66517,66519,66521],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66506,66419],{"class":59},[53,66508,31],{"class":63},[53,66510,67],{"class":66},[53,66512,71],{"class":70},[53,66514,74],{"class":66},[53,66516,77],{"class":70},[53,66518,74],{"class":66},[53,66520,597],{"class":70},[53,66522,85],{"class":66},[53,66524,66525,66527,66529,66531,66533,66535,66537,66539],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,66526,66440],{"class":59},[53,66528,99],{"class":66},[53,66530,53818],{"class":102},[53,66532,127],{"class":66},[53,66534,1589],{"class":70},[53,66536,74],{"class":66},[53,66538,82],{"class":70},[53,66540,133],{"class":66},[53,66542,66543,66545,66547,66549],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,66544,145],{"class":144},[53,66546,127],{"class":66},[53,66548,66440],{"class":102},[53,66550,133],{"class":66},[20,66552,301],{},[44,66554,66555],{"className":46,"code":53373,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,66556,66557],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66558,66559,66561,66563,66565,66567,66569,66571,66573,66575],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66560,311],{"class":66},[53,66562,71],{"class":70},[53,66564,74],{"class":66},[53,66566,77],{"class":70},[53,66568,74],{"class":66},[53,66570,82],{"class":70},[53,66572,74],{"class":66},[53,66574,597],{"class":70},[53,66576,85],{"class":66},[1327,66578,66580],{"id":66579},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,66582,66583],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[44,66585,66587],{"className":46,"code":66586,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66588,66589,66609,66627],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66590,66591,66593,66595,66597,66599,66601,66603,66605,66607],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66592,66419],{"class":59},[53,66594,31],{"class":63},[53,66596,67],{"class":66},[53,66598,71],{"class":70},[53,66600,74],{"class":66},[53,66602,77],{"class":70},[53,66604,74],{"class":66},[53,66606,82],{"class":70},[53,66608,85],{"class":66},[53,66610,66611,66613,66615,66617,66619,66621,66623,66625],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,66612,66440],{"class":59},[53,66614,99],{"class":66},[53,66616,53818],{"class":102},[53,66618,127],{"class":66},[53,66620,1188],{"class":70},[53,66622,74],{"class":66},[53,66624,597],{"class":70},[53,66626,133],{"class":66},[53,66628,66629,66631,66633,66635],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,66630,145],{"class":144},[53,66632,127],{"class":66},[53,66634,66440],{"class":102},[53,66636,133],{"class":66},[20,66638,301],{},[44,66640,66641],{"className":46,"code":53373,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,66642,66643],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66644,66645,66647,66649,66651,66653,66655,66657,66659,66661],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66646,311],{"class":66},[53,66648,71],{"class":70},[53,66650,74],{"class":66},[53,66652,77],{"class":70},[53,66654,74],{"class":66},[53,66656,82],{"class":70},[53,66658,74],{"class":66},[53,66660,597],{"class":70},[53,66662,85],{"class":66},[1327,66664,66666],{"id":66665},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,66668,66669,66670,66672],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,66671,54135],{}," places the item before that position.",[44,66674,66676],{"className":46,"code":66675,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66677,66678,66710,66734],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66679,66680,66682,66684,66686,66688,66690,66692,66694,66696,66698,66700,66702,66704,66706,66708],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66681,35966],{"class":59},[53,66683,31],{"class":63},[53,66685,67],{"class":66},[53,66687,229],{"class":228},[53,66689,758],{"class":232},[53,66691,229],{"class":228},[53,66693,74],{"class":66},[53,66695,240],{"class":228},[53,66697,1376],{"class":232},[53,66699,229],{"class":228},[53,66701,74],{"class":66},[53,66703,240],{"class":228},[53,66705,18635],{"class":232},[53,66707,229],{"class":228},[53,66709,85],{"class":66},[53,66711,66712,66714,66716,66718,66720,66722,66724,66726,66728,66730,66732],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,66713,36019],{"class":59},[53,66715,99],{"class":66},[53,66717,53818],{"class":102},[53,66719,127],{"class":66},[53,66721,1912],{"class":63},[53,66723,71],{"class":70},[53,66725,74],{"class":66},[53,66727,240],{"class":228},[53,66729,9628],{"class":232},[53,66731,229],{"class":228},[53,66733,133],{"class":66},[53,66735,66736,66738,66740,66742],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,66737,145],{"class":144},[53,66739,127],{"class":66},[53,66741,36019],{"class":102},[53,66743,133],{"class":66},[20,66745,301],{},[44,66747,66749],{"className":46,"code":66748,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,66750,66751],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66752,66753,66755,66757,66759,66761,66763,66765,66767,66769,66771,66773,66775,66777,66779,66781,66783,66785],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66754,311],{"class":66},[53,66756,314],{"class":228},[53,66758,758],{"class":232},[53,66760,314],{"class":228},[53,66762,74],{"class":66},[53,66764,323],{"class":228},[53,66766,1376],{"class":232},[53,66768,314],{"class":228},[53,66770,74],{"class":66},[53,66772,323],{"class":228},[53,66774,9628],{"class":232},[53,66776,314],{"class":228},[53,66778,74],{"class":66},[53,66780,323],{"class":228},[53,66782,18635],{"class":232},[53,66784,314],{"class":228},[53,66786,85],{"class":66},[20,66788,66789,66790,2192],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[758,66791,66792],{"href":760},"Python lists beginner guide",[39,66794,66796,10474,66798],{"id":66795},"insert-vs-append",[15,66797,54135],{},[15,66799,1315],{},[20,66801,66802],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[1327,66804,174,66806,1152],{"id":66805},"use-insert-when",[15,66807,54135],{},[194,66809,66810,66813],{},[197,66811,66812],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[197,66814,66815],{},"The order of the list matters",[1327,66817,174,66819,1152],{"id":66818},"use-append-when",[15,66820,1315],{},[194,66822,66823,66826],{},[197,66824,66825],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[197,66827,66828],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,66830,211],{},[44,66832,66834],{"className":46,"code":66833,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,66835,66836,66860,66864,66886,66896,66900,66918],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66837,66838,66840,66842,66844,66846,66848,66850,66852,66854,66856,66858],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66839,7667],{"class":59},[53,66841,31],{"class":63},[53,66843,67],{"class":66},[53,66845,229],{"class":228},[53,66847,233],{"class":232},[53,66849,229],{"class":228},[53,66851,74],{"class":66},[53,66853,240],{"class":228},[53,66855,252],{"class":232},[53,66857,229],{"class":228},[53,66859,85],{"class":66},[53,66861,66862],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,66863,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,66865,66866,66868,66870,66872,66874,66876,66878,66880,66882,66884],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,66867,7696],{"class":59},[53,66869,99],{"class":66},[53,66871,53818],{"class":102},[53,66873,127],{"class":66},[53,66875,71],{"class":70},[53,66877,74],{"class":66},[53,66879,240],{"class":228},[53,66881,243],{"class":232},[53,66883,229],{"class":228},[53,66885,133],{"class":66},[53,66887,66888,66890,66892,66894],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,66889,145],{"class":144},[53,66891,127],{"class":66},[53,66893,7696],{"class":102},[53,66895,133],{"class":66},[53,66897,66898],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,66899,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,66901,66902,66904,66906,66908,66910,66912,66914,66916],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,66903,7696],{"class":59},[53,66905,99],{"class":66},[53,66907,124],{"class":102},[53,66909,127],{"class":66},[53,66911,229],{"class":228},[53,66913,22402],{"class":232},[53,66915,229],{"class":228},[53,66917,133],{"class":66},[53,66919,66920,66922,66924,66926],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,66921,145],{"class":144},[53,66923,127],{"class":66},[53,66925,7696],{"class":102},[53,66927,133],{"class":66},[20,66929,301],{},[44,66931,66933],{"className":46,"code":66932,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,66934,66935,66963],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66936,66937,66939,66941,66943,66945,66947,66949,66951,66953,66955,66957,66959,66961],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66938,311],{"class":66},[53,66940,314],{"class":228},[53,66942,233],{"class":232},[53,66944,314],{"class":228},[53,66946,74],{"class":66},[53,66948,323],{"class":228},[53,66950,243],{"class":232},[53,66952,314],{"class":228},[53,66954,74],{"class":66},[53,66956,323],{"class":228},[53,66958,252],{"class":232},[53,66960,314],{"class":228},[53,66962,85],{"class":66},[53,66964,66965,66967,66969,66971,66973,66975,66977,66979,66981,66983,66985,66987,66989,66991,66993,66995,66997],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,66966,311],{"class":66},[53,66968,314],{"class":228},[53,66970,233],{"class":232},[53,66972,314],{"class":228},[53,66974,74],{"class":66},[53,66976,323],{"class":228},[53,66978,243],{"class":232},[53,66980,314],{"class":228},[53,66982,74],{"class":66},[53,66984,323],{"class":228},[53,66986,252],{"class":232},[53,66988,314],{"class":228},[53,66990,74],{"class":66},[53,66992,323],{"class":228},[53,66994,22402],{"class":232},[53,66996,314],{"class":228},[53,66998,85],{"class":66},[20,67000,67001,67002,99],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[758,67003,1312,67004,1316],{"href":1311},[15,67005,1315],{},[20,67007,67008,67009,99],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[758,67010,52918],{"href":52917},[39,67012,1320],{"id":1319},[20,67014,14606,67015,99],{},[15,67016,54135],{},[1327,67018,12482,67020],{"id":67019},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,67021,54135],{},[20,67023,25560],{},[44,67025,67027],{"className":46,"code":67026,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67028,67029,67049,67071,67075,67085],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67030,67031,67033,67035,67037,67039,67041,67043,67045,67047],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67032,60],{"class":59},[53,67034,31],{"class":63},[53,67036,67],{"class":66},[53,67038,71],{"class":70},[53,67040,74],{"class":66},[53,67042,77],{"class":70},[53,67044,74],{"class":66},[53,67046,82],{"class":70},[53,67048,85],{"class":66},[53,67050,67051,67053,67055,67057,67059,67061,67063,67065,67067,67069],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,67052,2117],{"class":59},[53,67054,31],{"class":63},[53,67056,96],{"class":59},[53,67058,99],{"class":66},[53,67060,53818],{"class":102},[53,67062,127],{"class":66},[53,67064,71],{"class":70},[53,67066,74],{"class":66},[53,67068,912],{"class":70},[53,67070,133],{"class":66},[53,67072,67073],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,67074,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,67076,67077,67079,67081,67083],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,67078,145],{"class":144},[53,67080,127],{"class":66},[53,67082,2152],{"class":102},[53,67084,133],{"class":66},[53,67086,67087,67089,67091,67093],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,67088,145],{"class":144},[53,67090,127],{"class":66},[53,67092,150],{"class":102},[53,67094,133],{"class":66},[20,67096,301],{},[44,67098,67100],{"className":46,"code":67099,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67101,67102,67106],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67103,67104],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67105,11698],{"class":3739},[53,67107,67108,67110,67112,67114,67116,67118,67120,67122,67124],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,67109,311],{"class":66},[53,67111,71],{"class":70},[53,67113,74],{"class":66},[53,67115,912],{"class":70},[53,67117,74],{"class":66},[53,67119,77],{"class":70},[53,67121,74],{"class":66},[53,67123,82],{"class":70},[53,67125,85],{"class":66},[20,67127,67128,54020,67130,99],{},[15,67129,54135],{},[15,67131,3664],{},[20,67133,16514],{},[44,67135,67137],{"className":46,"code":67136,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67138,67139],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67140,67141,67143,67145,67147,67149,67151,67153,67155,67157,67159],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67142,385],{"class":59},[53,67144,31],{"class":63},[53,67146,96],{"class":59},[53,67148,99],{"class":66},[53,67150,53818],{"class":102},[53,67152,127],{"class":66},[53,67154,71],{"class":70},[53,67156,74],{"class":66},[53,67158,912],{"class":70},[53,67160,133],{"class":66},[20,67162,67163],{},"Right:",[44,67165,67167],{"className":46,"code":67166,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67168,67169],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67170,67171,67173,67175,67177,67179,67181,67183,67185],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67172,150],{"class":59},[53,67174,99],{"class":66},[53,67176,53818],{"class":102},[53,67178,127],{"class":66},[53,67180,71],{"class":70},[53,67182,74],{"class":66},[53,67184,912],{"class":70},[53,67186,133],{"class":66},[1327,67188,67190],{"id":67189},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,67192,67193],{},"The correct order is:",[44,67195,67196],{"className":46,"code":66049,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,67197,67198],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67199,67200,67202,67204,67206,67208,67210,67212,67214],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67201,8225],{"class":59},[53,67203,99],{"class":66},[53,67205,53818],{"class":102},[53,67207,127],{"class":66},[53,67209,35721],{"class":102},[53,67211,74],{"class":66},[53,67213,29378],{"class":102},[53,67215,133],{"class":66},[20,67217,67218],{},"Not:",[44,67220,67222],{"className":46,"code":67221,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,67223,67224],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67225,67226,67228,67230,67232,67234,67236,67238,67240],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67227,8225],{"class":59},[53,67229,99],{"class":66},[53,67231,53818],{"class":102},[53,67233,127],{"class":66},[53,67235,23180],{"class":102},[53,67237,74],{"class":66},[53,67239,35696],{"class":102},[53,67241,133],{"class":66},[20,67243,211],{},[44,67245,67246],{"className":46,"code":66091,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,67247,67248,67272,67294],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67249,67250,67252,67254,67256,67258,67260,67262,67264,67266,67268,67270],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67251,35966],{"class":59},[53,67253,31],{"class":63},[53,67255,67],{"class":66},[53,67257,229],{"class":228},[53,67259,758],{"class":232},[53,67261,229],{"class":228},[53,67263,74],{"class":66},[53,67265,240],{"class":228},[53,67267,9628],{"class":232},[53,67269,229],{"class":228},[53,67271,85],{"class":66},[53,67273,67274,67276,67278,67280,67282,67284,67286,67288,67290,67292],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,67275,36019],{"class":59},[53,67277,99],{"class":66},[53,67279,53818],{"class":102},[53,67281,127],{"class":66},[53,67283,71],{"class":70},[53,67285,74],{"class":66},[53,67287,240],{"class":228},[53,67289,1376],{"class":232},[53,67291,229],{"class":228},[53,67293,133],{"class":66},[53,67295,67296,67298,67300,67302],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,67297,145],{"class":144},[53,67299,127],{"class":66},[53,67301,36019],{"class":102},[53,67303,133],{"class":66},[20,67305,301],{},[44,67307,67308],{"className":46,"code":42747,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,67309,67310],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67311,67312,67314,67316,67318,67320,67322,67324,67326,67328,67330,67332,67334,67336],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67313,311],{"class":66},[53,67315,314],{"class":228},[53,67317,758],{"class":232},[53,67319,314],{"class":228},[53,67321,74],{"class":66},[53,67323,323],{"class":228},[53,67325,1376],{"class":232},[53,67327,314],{"class":228},[53,67329,74],{"class":66},[53,67331,323],{"class":228},[53,67333,9628],{"class":232},[53,67335,314],{"class":228},[53,67337,85],{"class":66},[1327,67339,8339,67341,67343],{"id":67340},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,67342,54135],{}," to replace an item",[20,67345,67346,67348],{},[15,67347,54135],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[44,67350,67352],{"className":46,"code":67351,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67353,67354,67374,67392],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67355,67356,67358,67360,67362,67364,67366,67368,67370,67372],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67357,60],{"class":59},[53,67359,31],{"class":63},[53,67361,67],{"class":66},[53,67363,71],{"class":70},[53,67365,74],{"class":66},[53,67367,77],{"class":70},[53,67369,74],{"class":66},[53,67371,82],{"class":70},[53,67373,85],{"class":66},[53,67375,67376,67378,67380,67382,67384,67386,67388,67390],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,67377,150],{"class":59},[53,67379,99],{"class":66},[53,67381,53818],{"class":102},[53,67383,127],{"class":66},[53,67385,71],{"class":70},[53,67387,74],{"class":66},[53,67389,912],{"class":70},[53,67391,133],{"class":66},[53,67393,67394,67396,67398,67400],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,67395,145],{"class":144},[53,67397,127],{"class":66},[53,67399,150],{"class":102},[53,67401,133],{"class":66},[20,67403,301],{},[44,67405,67407],{"className":46,"code":67406,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67408,67409],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67410,67411,67413,67415,67417,67419,67421,67423,67425,67427],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67412,311],{"class":66},[53,67414,71],{"class":70},[53,67416,74],{"class":66},[53,67418,912],{"class":70},[53,67420,74],{"class":66},[53,67422,77],{"class":70},[53,67424,74],{"class":66},[53,67426,82],{"class":70},[53,67428,85],{"class":66},[20,67430,67431],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[44,67433,67435],{"className":46,"code":67434,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67436,67437,67457,67471],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67438,67439,67441,67443,67445,67447,67449,67451,67453,67455],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67440,60],{"class":59},[53,67442,31],{"class":63},[53,67444,67],{"class":66},[53,67446,71],{"class":70},[53,67448,74],{"class":66},[53,67450,77],{"class":70},[53,67452,74],{"class":66},[53,67454,82],{"class":70},[53,67456,85],{"class":66},[53,67458,67459,67461,67463,67465,67467,67469],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,67460,150],{"class":59},[53,67462,311],{"class":66},[53,67464,71],{"class":70},[53,67466,13152],{"class":66},[53,67468,13155],{"class":63},[53,67470,14005],{"class":70},[53,67472,67473,67475,67477,67479],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,67474,145],{"class":144},[53,67476,127],{"class":66},[53,67478,150],{"class":102},[53,67480,133],{"class":66},[20,67482,301],{},[44,67484,67486],{"className":46,"code":67485,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,67487,67488],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67489,67490,67492,67494,67496,67498,67500,67502],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67491,311],{"class":66},[53,67493,71],{"class":70},[53,67495,74],{"class":66},[53,67497,912],{"class":70},[53,67499,74],{"class":66},[53,67501,82],{"class":70},[53,67503,85],{"class":66},[1327,67505,67507],{"id":67506},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,67509,67510,67512],{},[15,67511,54135],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,67514,67515],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[44,67517,67519],{"className":46,"code":67518,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67520,67521,67537,67561],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67522,67523,67525,67527,67529,67531,67533,67535],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67524,60],{"class":59},[53,67526,31],{"class":63},[53,67528,67],{"class":66},[53,67530,71],{"class":70},[53,67532,74],{"class":66},[53,67534,597],{"class":70},[53,67536,85],{"class":66},[53,67538,67539,67541,67543,67545,67547,67549,67551,67553,67555,67557,67559],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,67540,150],{"class":59},[53,67542,99],{"class":66},[53,67544,53818],{"class":102},[53,67546,127],{"class":66},[53,67548,71],{"class":70},[53,67550,74],{"class":66},[53,67552,67],{"class":66},[53,67554,1589],{"class":70},[53,67556,74],{"class":66},[53,67558,82],{"class":70},[53,67560,3777],{"class":66},[53,67562,67563,67565,67567,67569],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,67564,145],{"class":144},[53,67566,127],{"class":66},[53,67568,150],{"class":102},[53,67570,133],{"class":66},[20,67572,301],{},[44,67574,67576],{"className":46,"code":67575,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,67577,67578],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67579,67580,67582,67584,67586,67588,67590,67592,67594,67596,67598],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67581,311],{"class":66},[53,67583,71],{"class":70},[53,67585,74],{"class":66},[53,67587,67],{"class":66},[53,67589,1589],{"class":70},[53,67591,74],{"class":66},[53,67593,82],{"class":70},[53,67595,810],{"class":66},[53,67597,597],{"class":70},[53,67599,85],{"class":66},[20,67601,67602,67603,99],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[758,67604,1312,67605,1316],{"href":53212},[15,67606,53314],{},[1327,67608,67610],{"id":67609},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,67612,8762,67613,67615],{},[15,67614,54135],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[44,67617,67619],{"className":46,"code":67618,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,67620,67621,67631,67645,67663,67677],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67622,67623,67625,67627,67629],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67624,145],{"class":144},[53,67626,127],{"class":66},[53,67628,8225],{"class":102},[53,67630,133],{"class":66},[53,67632,67633,67635,67637,67639,67641,67643],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,67634,145],{"class":144},[53,67636,127],{"class":66},[53,67638,11050],{"class":144},[53,67640,127],{"class":66},[53,67642,8225],{"class":102},[53,67644,1713],{"class":66},[53,67646,67647,67649,67651,67653,67655,67657,67659,67661],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,67648,145],{"class":144},[53,67650,127],{"class":66},[53,67652,8225],{"class":102},[53,67654,99],{"class":66},[53,67656,53818],{"class":24620},[53,67658,99],{"class":66},[53,67660,34319],{"class":34326},[53,67662,133],{"class":66},[53,67664,67665,67667,67669,67671,67673,67675],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,67666,32025],{"class":144},[53,67668,127],{"class":66},[53,67670,7979],{"class":1704},[53,67672,99],{"class":66},[53,67674,53818],{"class":24620},[53,67676,133],{"class":66},[53,67678,67679,67681,67683,67685],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,67680,1705],{"class":1704},[53,67682,127],{"class":66},[53,67684,8225],{"class":102},[53,67686,133],{"class":66},[20,67688,67689],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[194,67691,67692,67695,67698,67701],{},[197,67693,67694],{},"What is currently in the list",[197,67696,67697],{},"How long the list is",[197,67699,67700],{},"That you are working with a real list",[197,67702,67703],{},"How Python describes the method",[39,67705,1145,67707],{"id":67706},"when-to-use-insert",[15,67708,54135],{},[20,67710,174,67711,67713],{},[15,67712,54135],{}," when position matters.",[20,67715,36299],{},[194,67717,67718,67721,67724,67727],{},[197,67719,67720],{},"Ordered menus",[197,67722,67723],{},"Rankings or score lists",[197,67725,67726],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[197,67728,67729],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,67731,67732,67733,67735,67736,67738,67739,67741],{},"You usually do ",[34,67734,36],{}," need ",[15,67737,54135],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,67740,1315],{}," is simpler.",[20,67743,67744,67745,99],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[758,67746,1720],{"href":1719},[39,67748,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,67750,1729,67752,55334],{"id":67751},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,67753,53778],{},[20,67755,67756,67757,99],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,67758,3664],{},[1327,67760,67762],{"id":67761},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,67764,67765],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[1327,67767,5053,67769,67771],{"id":67768},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,67770,53778],{}," add multiple items?",[20,67773,67774,67775,67777],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,67776,53314],{}," or slicing.",[1327,67779,1739,67781,960,67783,1744],{"id":67780},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,67782,54135],{},[15,67784,1315],{},[20,67786,67787,67789,67790,67792],{},[15,67788,54135],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,67791,1315],{}," adds only at the end.",[39,67794,1788],{"id":1787},[194,67796,67797,67803,67809,67813,67817,67821],{},[197,67798,67799],{},[758,67800,1312,67801,1316],{"href":1311},[15,67802,1315],{},[197,67804,67805],{},[758,67806,1312,67807,1316],{"href":53212},[15,67808,53314],{},[197,67810,67811],{},[758,67812,54145],{"href":52917},[197,67814,67815],{},[758,67816,761],{"href":760},[197,67818,67819],{},[758,67820,1805],{"href":1719},[197,67822,67823],{},[758,67824,30219,67825,33506],{"href":54163},[15,67826,67827],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[1817,67829,67830],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":67832},[67833,67835,67836,67837,67843,67850,67859,67861,67870],{"id":66018,"depth":88,"text":67834},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5314,"depth":88,"text":5315},{"id":5671,"depth":88,"text":5672},{"id":66390,"depth":88,"text":66391,"children":67838},[67839,67840,67841,67842],{"id":66402,"depth":109,"text":66403},{"id":66493,"depth":109,"text":66494},{"id":66579,"depth":109,"text":66580},{"id":66665,"depth":109,"text":66666},{"id":66795,"depth":88,"text":67844,"children":67845},"insert() vs append()",[67846,67848],{"id":66805,"depth":109,"text":67847},"Use insert() when:",{"id":66818,"depth":109,"text":67849},"Use append() when:",{"id":1319,"depth":88,"text":1320,"children":67851},[67852,67854,67855,67857,67858],{"id":67019,"depth":109,"text":67853},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67189,"depth":109,"text":67190},{"id":67340,"depth":109,"text":67856},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67506,"depth":109,"text":67507},{"id":67609,"depth":109,"text":67610},{"id":67706,"depth":88,"text":67860},"When to use insert()",{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":67862},[67863,67865,67866,67868],{"id":67751,"depth":109,"text":67864},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":67761,"depth":109,"text":67762},{"id":67768,"depth":109,"text":67867},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":67780,"depth":109,"text":67869},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":65928,"description":67871},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":67878,"title":67879,"body":67880,"description":69435,"extension":1853,"meta":69436,"navigation":112,"path":58686,"seo":69437,"stem":69438,"__hash__":69439},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":67881,"toc":69408},[67882,67888,67897,67946,67948,67956,67962,67964,67982,67988,67993,67996,67999,68014,68016,68068,68070,68078,68086,68093,68095,68101,68166,68168,68176,68178,68197,68200,68251,68255,68260,68287,68289,68297,68300,68369,68371,68386,68392,68396,68405,68408,68463,68465,68473,68476,68478,68523,68525,68533,68539,68541,68549,68552,68554,68593,68595,68634,68639,68641,68643,68678,68681,68683,68721,68725,68731,68733,68784,68786,68794,68801,68804,68825,68828,68883,68894,68896,68957,68959,68968,68975,68981,68984,68987,69044,69047,69060,69067,69073,69079,69081,69094,69097,69194,69196,69213,69216,69298,69300,69322,69329,69335,69337,69341,69347,69353,69358,69362,69365,69371,69378,69380,69405],[10,67883,67885,67886,153],{"id":67884},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,67887,11050],{},[20,67889,67890,67891,67893,67894,67896],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,67892,42232],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,67895,42232],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[44,67898,67900],{"className":46,"code":67899,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,67901,67902,67922,67936],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67903,67904,67906,67908,67910,67912,67914,67916,67918,67920],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67905,60],{"class":59},[53,67907,31],{"class":63},[53,67909,67],{"class":66},[53,67911,1188],{"class":70},[53,67913,74],{"class":66},[53,67915,1193],{"class":70},[53,67917,74],{"class":66},[53,67919,1198],{"class":70},[53,67921,85],{"class":66},[53,67923,67924,67926,67928,67930,67932,67934],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,67925,41113],{"class":59},[53,67927,31],{"class":63},[53,67929,38260],{"class":144},[53,67931,127],{"class":66},[53,67933,150],{"class":102},[53,67935,133],{"class":66},[53,67937,67938,67940,67942,67944],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,67939,145],{"class":144},[53,67941,127],{"class":66},[53,67943,41131],{"class":102},[53,67945,133],{"class":66},[20,67947,301],{},[44,67949,67950],{"className":46,"code":46489,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,67951,67952],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67953,67954],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67955,46489],{"class":70},[20,67957,174,67958,67961],{},[15,67959,67960],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[39,67963,15033],{"id":15032},[194,67965,67966,67971,67976,67979],{},[197,67967,4086,67968,67970],{},[15,67969,42232],{}," works with Python lists",[197,67972,67973,67974,11595],{},"What value ",[15,67975,42232],{},[197,67977,67978],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[197,67980,67981],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[39,67983,184,67985,67987],{"id":67984},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,67986,42232],{}," returns for a list",[20,67989,67990,64800],{},[15,67991,67992],{},"len(my_list)",[20,67994,67995],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,67997,67998],{},"A few important points:",[194,68000,68001,68004,68009],{},[197,68002,68003],{},"It counts list items",[197,68005,1006,68006,68008],{},[34,68007,36],{}," count characters inside a string item",[197,68010,68011,68012],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,68013,852],{},[20,68015,211],{},[44,68017,68019],{"className":46,"code":68018,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,68020,68021,68054],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68022,68023,68025,68027,68029,68031,68033,68035,68037,68039,68042,68044,68046,68048,68050,68052],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68024,3959],{"class":59},[53,68026,31],{"class":63},[53,68028,67],{"class":66},[53,68030,229],{"class":228},[53,68032,36921],{"class":232},[53,68034,229],{"class":228},[53,68036,74],{"class":66},[53,68038,240],{"class":228},[53,68040,68041],{"class":232},"elephant",[53,68043,229],{"class":228},[53,68045,74],{"class":66},[53,68047,240],{"class":228},[53,68049,57840],{"class":232},[53,68051,229],{"class":228},[53,68053,85],{"class":66},[53,68055,68056,68058,68060,68062,68064,68066],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,68057,145],{"class":144},[53,68059,127],{"class":66},[53,68061,11050],{"class":144},[53,68063,127],{"class":66},[53,68065,4001],{"class":102},[53,68067,1713],{"class":66},[20,68069,301],{},[44,68071,68072],{"className":46,"code":46489,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,68073,68074],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68075,68076],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68077,46489],{"class":70},[20,68079,20846,68080,68083,68084,64807],{},[15,68081,68082],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[34,68085,52528],{},[20,68087,68088,68089,99],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[758,68090,3463,68091,3396],{"href":42229},[15,68092,42232],{},[39,68094,5672],{"id":5671},[20,68096,68097,68098,68100],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,68099,42232],{},", and print the result.",[44,68102,68104],{"className":46,"code":68103,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,68105,68106,68138,68152,68156],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68107,68108,68110,68112,68114,68116,68118,68120,68122,68124,68126,68128,68130,68132,68134,68136],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68109,1025],{"class":59},[53,68111,31],{"class":63},[53,68113,67],{"class":66},[53,68115,229],{"class":228},[53,68117,1034],{"class":232},[53,68119,229],{"class":228},[53,68121,74],{"class":66},[53,68123,240],{"class":228},[53,68125,17324],{"class":232},[53,68127,229],{"class":228},[53,68129,74],{"class":66},[53,68131,240],{"class":228},[53,68133,1043],{"class":232},[53,68135,229],{"class":228},[53,68137,85],{"class":66},[53,68139,68140,68142,68144,68146,68148,68150],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,68141,41113],{"class":59},[53,68143,31],{"class":63},[53,68145,38260],{"class":144},[53,68147,127],{"class":66},[53,68149,1115],{"class":102},[53,68151,133],{"class":66},[53,68153,68154],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,68155,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,68157,68158,68160,68162,68164],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,68159,145],{"class":144},[53,68161,127],{"class":66},[53,68163,41131],{"class":102},[53,68165,133],{"class":66},[20,68167,301],{},[44,68169,68170],{"className":46,"code":46489,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,68171,68172],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68173,68174],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68175,46489],{"class":70},[20,68177,11573],{},[194,68179,68180,68185,68192],{},[197,68181,68182,68184],{},[15,68183,1115],{}," is a list with 3 items",[197,68186,68187,2285,68190],{},[15,68188,68189],{},"len(colors)",[15,68191,815],{},[197,68193,68194,68195],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,68196,41131],{},[20,68198,68199],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[44,68201,68203],{"className":46,"code":68202,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,68204,68205,68237],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68206,68207,68209,68211,68213,68215,68217,68219,68221,68223,68225,68227,68229,68231,68233,68235],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68208,1025],{"class":59},[53,68210,31],{"class":63},[53,68212,67],{"class":66},[53,68214,229],{"class":228},[53,68216,1034],{"class":232},[53,68218,229],{"class":228},[53,68220,74],{"class":66},[53,68222,240],{"class":228},[53,68224,17324],{"class":232},[53,68226,229],{"class":228},[53,68228,74],{"class":66},[53,68230,240],{"class":228},[53,68232,1043],{"class":232},[53,68234,229],{"class":228},[53,68236,85],{"class":66},[53,68238,68239,68241,68243,68245,68247,68249],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,68240,145],{"class":144},[53,68242,127],{"class":66},[53,68244,11050],{"class":144},[53,68246,127],{"class":66},[53,68248,1115],{"class":102},[53,68250,1713],{"class":66},[39,68252,68254],{"id":68253},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,68256,68257,68258,99],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,68259,852],{},[44,68261,68263],{"className":46,"code":68262,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,68264,68265,68273],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68266,68267,68269,68271],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68268,7667],{"class":59},[53,68270,31],{"class":63},[53,68272,431],{"class":66},[53,68274,68275,68277,68279,68281,68283,68285],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,68276,145],{"class":144},[53,68278,127],{"class":66},[53,68280,11050],{"class":144},[53,68282,127],{"class":66},[53,68284,7696],{"class":102},[53,68286,1713],{"class":66},[20,68288,301],{},[44,68290,68291],{"className":46,"code":47124,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,68292,68293],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68294,68295],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68296,47124],{"class":70},[20,68298,68299],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[44,68301,68303],{"className":46,"code":68302,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,68304,68305,68313,68317,68335,68349,68355],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68306,68307,68309,68311],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68308,7667],{"class":59},[53,68310,31],{"class":63},[53,68312,431],{"class":66},[53,68314,68315],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,68316,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,68318,68319,68321,68323,68325,68327,68329,68331,68333],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,68320,6884],{"class":3764},[53,68322,38260],{"class":144},[53,68324,127],{"class":66},[53,68326,7696],{"class":102},[53,68328,153],{"class":66},[53,68330,38270],{"class":63},[53,68332,3720],{"class":70},[53,68334,6280],{"class":66},[53,68336,68337,68339,68341,68343,68345,68347],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,68338,7954],{"class":144},[53,68340,127],{"class":66},[53,68342,7696],{"class":102},[53,68344,311],{"class":66},[53,68346,852],{"class":70},[53,68348,3777],{"class":66},[53,68350,68351,68353],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,68352,27304],{"class":3764},[53,68354,6280],{"class":66},[53,68356,68357,68359,68361,68363,68365,68367],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,68358,7954],{"class":144},[53,68360,127],{"class":66},[53,68362,229],{"class":228},[53,68364,51688],{"class":232},[53,68366,229],{"class":228},[53,68368,133],{"class":66},[20,68370,301],{},[44,68372,68374],{"className":46,"code":68373,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"The list is empty\n",[15,68375,68376],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68377,68378,68380,68382,68384],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68379,1870],{"class":59},[53,68381,7979],{"class":1704},[53,68383,7982],{"class":63},[53,68385,7988],{"class":59},[20,68387,68388,68389,68391],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[758,68390,761],{"href":760}," is a good next step.",[39,68393,68395],{"id":68394},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,68397,68398,68400,68401,68404],{},[15,68399,42232],{}," counts only the ",[34,68402,68403],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,68406,68407],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[44,68409,68411],{"className":46,"code":68410,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,68412,68413,68449],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68414,68415,68417,68419,68421,68423,68425,68427,68429,68431,68433,68435,68437,68439,68441,68443,68445,68447],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68416,9053],{"class":59},[53,68418,31],{"class":63},[53,68420,801],{"class":66},[53,68422,71],{"class":70},[53,68424,74],{"class":66},[53,68426,77],{"class":70},[53,68428,810],{"class":66},[53,68430,67],{"class":66},[53,68432,815],{"class":70},[53,68434,74],{"class":66},[53,68436,597],{"class":70},[53,68438,810],{"class":66},[53,68440,67],{"class":66},[53,68442,2024],{"class":70},[53,68444,74],{"class":66},[53,68446,37518],{"class":70},[53,68448,822],{"class":66},[53,68450,68451,68453,68455,68457,68459,68461],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,68452,145],{"class":144},[53,68454,127],{"class":66},[53,68456,11050],{"class":144},[53,68458,127],{"class":66},[53,68460,9092],{"class":102},[53,68462,1713],{"class":66},[20,68464,301],{},[44,68466,68467],{"className":46,"code":46489,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,68468,68469],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68470,68471],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68472,46489],{"class":70},[20,68474,68475],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,68477,51952],{},[44,68479,68481],{"className":46,"code":68480,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,68482,68483,68509],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68484,68485,68487,68489,68491,68493,68495,68497,68499,68501,68503,68505,68507],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68486,59186],{"class":59},[53,68488,31],{"class":63},[53,68490,67],{"class":66},[53,68492,71],{"class":70},[53,68494,74],{"class":66},[53,68496,67],{"class":66},[53,68498,1589],{"class":70},[53,68500,74],{"class":66},[53,68502,82],{"class":70},[53,68504,810],{"class":66},[53,68506,597],{"class":70},[53,68508,85],{"class":66},[53,68510,68511,68513,68515,68517,68519,68521],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,68512,145],{"class":144},[53,68514,127],{"class":66},[53,68516,11050],{"class":144},[53,68518,127],{"class":66},[53,68520,59239],{"class":102},[53,68522,1713],{"class":66},[20,68524,301],{},[44,68526,68527],{"className":46,"code":46489,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,68528,68529],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68530,68531],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68532,46489],{"class":70},[20,68534,20846,68535,68538],{},[15,68536,68537],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[39,68540,1320],{"id":1319},[1327,68542,485,68544,10980,68547],{"id":68543},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,68545,68546],{},"my_list.len()",[15,68548,67992],{},[20,68550,68551],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,68553,16514],{},[44,68555,68557],{"className":46,"code":68556,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,68558,68559,68579],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68560,68561,68563,68565,68567,68569,68571,68573,68575,68577],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68562,60],{"class":59},[53,68564,31],{"class":63},[53,68566,67],{"class":66},[53,68568,1188],{"class":70},[53,68570,74],{"class":66},[53,68572,1193],{"class":70},[53,68574,74],{"class":66},[53,68576,1198],{"class":70},[53,68578,85],{"class":66},[53,68580,68581,68583,68585,68587,68589,68591],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,68582,145],{"class":144},[53,68584,127],{"class":66},[53,68586,150],{"class":102},[53,68588,99],{"class":66},[53,68590,11050],{"class":102},[53,68592,7081],{"class":66},[20,68594,1015],{},[44,68596,68598],{"className":46,"code":68597,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,68599,68600,68620],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68601,68602,68604,68606,68608,68610,68612,68614,68616,68618],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68603,60],{"class":59},[53,68605,31],{"class":63},[53,68607,67],{"class":66},[53,68609,1188],{"class":70},[53,68611,74],{"class":66},[53,68613,1193],{"class":70},[53,68615,74],{"class":66},[53,68617,1198],{"class":70},[53,68619,85],{"class":66},[53,68621,68622,68624,68626,68628,68630,68632],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,68623,145],{"class":144},[53,68625,127],{"class":66},[53,68627,11050],{"class":144},[53,68629,127],{"class":66},[53,68631,150],{"class":102},[53,68633,1713],{"class":66},[20,68635,68636,68638],{},[15,68637,42232],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[1327,68640,25557],{"id":25556},[20,68642,16514],{},[44,68644,68646],{"className":46,"code":68645,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,68647,68648,68668],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68649,68650,68652,68654,68656,68658,68660,68662,68664,68666],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68651,60],{"class":59},[53,68653,31],{"class":63},[53,68655,67],{"class":66},[53,68657,1188],{"class":70},[53,68659,74],{"class":66},[53,68661,1193],{"class":70},[53,68663,74],{"class":66},[53,68665,1198],{"class":70},[53,68667,85],{"class":66},[53,68669,68670,68672,68674,68676],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,68671,145],{"class":144},[53,68673,127],{"class":66},[53,68675,11050],{"class":144},[53,68677,133],{"class":66},[20,68679,68680],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,68682,1015],{},[44,68684,68685],{"className":46,"code":68597,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,68686,68687,68707],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68688,68689,68691,68693,68695,68697,68699,68701,68703,68705],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68690,60],{"class":59},[53,68692,31],{"class":63},[53,68694,67],{"class":66},[53,68696,1188],{"class":70},[53,68698,74],{"class":66},[53,68700,1193],{"class":70},[53,68702,74],{"class":66},[53,68704,1198],{"class":70},[53,68706,85],{"class":66},[53,68708,68709,68711,68713,68715,68717,68719],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,68710,145],{"class":144},[53,68712,127],{"class":66},[53,68714,11050],{"class":144},[53,68716,127],{"class":66},[53,68718,150],{"class":102},[53,68720,1713],{"class":66},[1327,68722,68724],{"id":68723},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,68726,68727,68728,68730],{},"The length of a list is ",[34,68729,36],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,68732,211],{},[44,68734,68736],{"className":46,"code":68735,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,68737,68738,68770],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68739,68740,68742,68744,68746,68748,68750,68752,68754,68756,68758,68760,68762,68764,68766,68768],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68741,35966],{"class":59},[53,68743,31],{"class":63},[53,68745,67],{"class":66},[53,68747,229],{"class":228},[53,68749,758],{"class":232},[53,68751,229],{"class":228},[53,68753,74],{"class":66},[53,68755,240],{"class":228},[53,68757,1376],{"class":232},[53,68759,229],{"class":228},[53,68761,74],{"class":66},[53,68763,240],{"class":228},[53,68765,9628],{"class":232},[53,68767,229],{"class":228},[53,68769,85],{"class":66},[53,68771,68772,68774,68776,68778,68780,68782],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,68773,145],{"class":144},[53,68775,127],{"class":66},[53,68777,11050],{"class":144},[53,68779,127],{"class":66},[53,68781,36019],{"class":102},[53,68783,1713],{"class":66},[20,68785,301],{},[44,68787,68788],{"className":46,"code":46489,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,68789,68790],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68791,68792],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68793,46489],{"class":70},[20,68795,68796,68797,18831,68799,99],{},"But the last index is ",[15,68798,1589],{},[15,68800,815],{},[20,68802,68803],{},"Indexes are:",[194,68805,68806,68813,68819],{},[197,68807,68808,68810,68811],{},[15,68809,852],{}," for ",[15,68812,17963],{},[197,68814,68815,68810,68817],{},[15,68816,71],{},[15,68818,65310],{},[197,68820,68821,68810,68823],{},[15,68822,1589],{},[15,68824,66196],{},[20,68826,68827],{},"So this causes an error:",[44,68829,68831],{"className":46,"code":68830,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,68832,68833,68865],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68834,68835,68837,68839,68841,68843,68845,68847,68849,68851,68853,68855,68857,68859,68861,68863],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68836,35966],{"class":59},[53,68838,31],{"class":63},[53,68840,67],{"class":66},[53,68842,229],{"class":228},[53,68844,758],{"class":232},[53,68846,229],{"class":228},[53,68848,74],{"class":66},[53,68850,240],{"class":228},[53,68852,1376],{"class":232},[53,68854,229],{"class":228},[53,68856,74],{"class":66},[53,68858,240],{"class":228},[53,68860,9628],{"class":232},[53,68862,229],{"class":228},[53,68864,85],{"class":66},[53,68866,68867,68869,68871,68873,68875,68877,68879,68881],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,68868,145],{"class":144},[53,68870,127],{"class":66},[53,68872,36019],{"class":102},[53,68874,311],{"class":66},[53,68876,11050],{"class":144},[53,68878,127],{"class":66},[53,68880,36019],{"class":102},[53,68882,10567],{"class":66},[20,68884,8382,68885,4669,68888,68890,68891,68893],{},[15,68886,68887],{},"len(letters)",[15,68889,815],{},", and index ",[15,68892,815],{}," does not exist.",[20,68895,18708],{},[44,68897,68899],{"className":46,"code":68898,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,68900,68901,68933],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68902,68903,68905,68907,68909,68911,68913,68915,68917,68919,68921,68923,68925,68927,68929,68931],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68904,35966],{"class":59},[53,68906,31],{"class":63},[53,68908,67],{"class":66},[53,68910,229],{"class":228},[53,68912,758],{"class":232},[53,68914,229],{"class":228},[53,68916,74],{"class":66},[53,68918,240],{"class":228},[53,68920,1376],{"class":232},[53,68922,229],{"class":228},[53,68924,74],{"class":66},[53,68926,240],{"class":228},[53,68928,9628],{"class":232},[53,68930,229],{"class":228},[53,68932,85],{"class":66},[53,68934,68935,68937,68939,68941,68943,68945,68947,68949,68951,68953,68955],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,68936,145],{"class":144},[53,68938,127],{"class":66},[53,68940,36019],{"class":102},[53,68942,311],{"class":66},[53,68944,11050],{"class":144},[53,68946,127],{"class":66},[53,68948,36019],{"class":102},[53,68950,153],{"class":66},[53,68952,2109],{"class":63},[53,68954,5382],{"class":70},[53,68956,3777],{"class":66},[20,68958,301],{},[44,68960,68962],{"className":46,"code":68961,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"c\n",[15,68963,68964],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68965,68966],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68967,68961],{"class":59},[20,68969,68970,68971,99],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[758,68972,68974],{"href":68973},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[1327,68976,485,68978,68980],{"id":68977},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,68979,42232],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,68982,68983],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,68985,68986],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[44,68988,68990],{"className":46,"code":68989,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,68991,68992,69002,69016,69030],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68993,68994,68996,68998,69000],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68995,145],{"class":144},[53,68997,127],{"class":66},[53,68999,8225],{"class":102},[53,69001,133],{"class":66},[53,69003,69004,69006,69008,69010,69012,69014],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,69005,145],{"class":144},[53,69007,127],{"class":66},[53,69009,11050],{"class":144},[53,69011,127],{"class":66},[53,69013,8225],{"class":102},[53,69015,1713],{"class":66},[53,69017,69018,69020,69022,69024,69026,69028],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,69019,145],{"class":144},[53,69021,127],{"class":66},[53,69023,1705],{"class":1704},[53,69025,127],{"class":66},[53,69027,8225],{"class":102},[53,69029,1713],{"class":66},[53,69031,69032,69034,69036,69038,69040,69042],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,69033,145],{"class":144},[53,69035,127],{"class":66},[53,69037,8225],{"class":102},[53,69039,311],{"class":66},[53,69041,852],{"class":70},[53,69043,3777],{"class":66},[20,69045,69046],{},"These help you verify:",[194,69048,69049,69052,69054,69057],{},[197,69050,69051],{},"what the variable contains",[197,69053,60498],{},[197,69055,69056],{},"whether it is really a list",[197,69058,69059],{},"what the first item is",[20,69061,69062,69063,69066],{},"Be careful with ",[15,69064,69065],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[39,69068,1145,69070,69072],{"id":69069},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,69071,42232],{}," with lists",[20,69074,69075,69076,69078],{},"You will often use ",[15,69077,42232],{}," in real programs.",[20,69080,9262],{},[194,69082,69083,69085,69088,69091],{},[197,69084,51642],{},[197,69086,69087],{},"Control loops",[197,69089,69090],{},"Validate input or results",[197,69092,69093],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,69095,69096],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[44,69098,69100],{"className":46,"code":69099,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,69101,69102,69122,69138,69142,69156,69170],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,69103,69104,69106,69108,69110,69112,69114,69116,69118,69120],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,69105,1345],{"class":59},[53,69107,31],{"class":63},[53,69109,67],{"class":66},[53,69111,71],{"class":70},[53,69113,74],{"class":66},[53,69115,77],{"class":70},[53,69117,74],{"class":66},[53,69119,82],{"class":70},[53,69121,85],{"class":66},[53,69123,69124,69126,69128,69130,69132,69134,69136],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,69125,1366],{"class":59},[53,69127,31],{"class":63},[53,69129,67],{"class":66},[53,69131,1188],{"class":70},[53,69133,74],{"class":66},[53,69135,1193],{"class":70},[53,69137,85],{"class":66},[53,69139,69140],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,69141,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,69143,69144,69146,69148,69150,69152,69154],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,69145,145],{"class":144},[53,69147,127],{"class":66},[53,69149,11050],{"class":144},[53,69151,127],{"class":66},[53,69153,758],{"class":102},[53,69155,1713],{"class":66},[53,69157,69158,69160,69162,69164,69166,69168],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,69159,145],{"class":144},[53,69161,127],{"class":66},[53,69163,11050],{"class":144},[53,69165,127],{"class":66},[53,69167,1376],{"class":102},[53,69169,1713],{"class":66},[53,69171,69172,69174,69176,69178,69180,69182,69184,69186,69188,69190,69192],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,69173,145],{"class":144},[53,69175,127],{"class":66},[53,69177,11050],{"class":144},[53,69179,127],{"class":66},[53,69181,758],{"class":102},[53,69183,153],{"class":66},[53,69185,38270],{"class":63},[53,69187,38260],{"class":144},[53,69189,127],{"class":66},[53,69191,1376],{"class":102},[53,69193,1713],{"class":66},[20,69195,301],{},[44,69197,69199],{"className":46,"code":69198,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,69200,69201,69205,69209],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,69202,69203],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,69204,46489],{"class":70},[53,69206,69207],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,69208,16926],{"class":70},[53,69210,69211],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,69212,3868],{"class":3739},[20,69214,69215],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[44,69217,69219],{"className":46,"code":69218,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,69220,69221,69253,69257,69279],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,69222,69223,69225,69227,69229,69231,69233,69235,69237,69239,69241,69243,69245,69247,69249,69251],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,69224,4880],{"class":59},[53,69226,31],{"class":63},[53,69228,67],{"class":66},[53,69230,229],{"class":228},[53,69232,12765],{"class":232},[53,69234,229],{"class":228},[53,69236,74],{"class":66},[53,69238,240],{"class":228},[53,69240,35816],{"class":232},[53,69242,229],{"class":228},[53,69244,74],{"class":66},[53,69246,240],{"class":228},[53,69248,35825],{"class":232},[53,69250,229],{"class":228},[53,69252,85],{"class":66},[53,69254,69255],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,69256,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,69258,69259,69261,69264,69266,69268,69270,69272,69274,69276],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,69260,5843],{"class":3764},[53,69262,69263],{"class":59}," i ",[53,69265,3771],{"class":3764},[53,69267,53937],{"class":144},[53,69269,127],{"class":66},[53,69271,11050],{"class":144},[53,69273,127],{"class":66},[53,69275,4923],{"class":102},[53,69277,69278],{"class":66},")):\n",[53,69280,69281,69283,69285,69287,69289,69292,69294,69296],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,69282,7954],{"class":144},[53,69284,127],{"class":66},[53,69286,36030],{"class":102},[53,69288,74],{"class":66},[53,69290,69291],{"class":102}," names",[53,69293,311],{"class":66},[53,69295,36030],{"class":102},[53,69297,3777],{"class":66},[20,69299,301],{},[44,69301,69302],{"className":46,"code":35874,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,69303,69304,69310,69316],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,69305,69306,69308],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,69307,852],{"class":70},[53,69309,35883],{"class":59},[53,69311,69312,69314],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,69313,71],{"class":70},[53,69315,35890],{"class":59},[53,69317,69318,69320],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,69319,1589],{"class":70},[53,69321,35897],{"class":59},[20,69323,69324,69325,99],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[758,69326,69328],{"href":69327},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,69330,69331,69332,69334],{},"You can also read ",[758,69333,51419],{"href":51418}," for a task-focused guide.",[39,69336,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,69338,69340],{"id":69339},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,69342,174,69343,69346],{},[15,69344,69345],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[1327,69348,5025,69350,12603],{"id":69349},"what-does-len-return",[15,69351,69352],{},"len([])",[20,69354,5031,69355,69357],{},[15,69356,852],{}," because the list is empty.",[1327,69359,69361],{"id":69360},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,69363,69364],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[1327,69366,28199,69368,69370],{"id":69367},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69369,68546],{}," in Python?",[20,69372,30142,69373,8108,69375,69377],{},[15,69374,67992],{},[15,69376,42232],{}," is a built-in function.",[39,69379,1788],{"id":1787},[194,69381,69382,69388,69392,69396,69400],{},[197,69383,69384],{},[758,69385,3463,69386,3396],{"href":42229},[15,69387,42232],{},[197,69389,69390],{},[758,69391,52463],{"href":51418},[197,69393,69394],{},[758,69395,761],{"href":760},[197,69397,69398],{},[758,69399,68974],{"href":68973},[197,69401,69402],{},[758,69403,69404],{"href":69327},"How to loop through a list in Python",[1817,69406,69407],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":69409},[69410,69411,69413,69414,69415,69416,69424,69426,69434],{"id":15032,"depth":88,"text":15033},{"id":67984,"depth":88,"text":69412},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5671,"depth":88,"text":5672},{"id":68253,"depth":88,"text":68254},{"id":68394,"depth":88,"text":68395},{"id":1319,"depth":88,"text":1320,"children":69417},[69418,69420,69421,69422],{"id":68543,"depth":109,"text":69419},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25556,"depth":109,"text":25557},{"id":68723,"depth":109,"text":68724},{"id":68977,"depth":109,"text":69423},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69069,"depth":88,"text":69425},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":69427},[69428,69429,69431,69432],{"id":69339,"depth":109,"text":69340},{"id":69349,"depth":109,"text":69430},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69360,"depth":109,"text":69361},{"id":69367,"depth":109,"text":69433},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":67879,"description":69435},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69441,"title":69442,"body":69443,"description":71425,"extension":1853,"meta":71426,"navigation":112,"path":71427,"seo":71428,"stem":71429,"__hash__":71430},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69444,"toc":71398},[69445,69448,69453,69456,69464,69477,69479,69544,69546,69568,69573,69577,69582,69590,69592,69602,69604,69685,69687,69717,69719,69738,69743,69760,69762,69846,69848,69878,69883,69887,69893,69977,69979,70009,70012,70016,70019,70110,70112,70150,70153,70238,70240,70270,70276,70283,70287,70292,70301,70303,70388,70390,70419,70422,70430,70434,70438,70447,70470,70472,70494,70496,70510,70512,70572,70576,70581,70620,70622,70639,70641,70651,70750,70755,70759,70764,70807,70809,70837,70839,70853,70928,70930,70952,70956,70959,70964,70975,70980,70988,70991,71062,71064,71089,71146,71148,71169,71178,71186,71191,71193,71198,71219,71222,71297,71300,71314,71321,71323,71327,71333,71337,71347,71351,71358,71362,71368,71370,71395],[10,69446,69442],{"id":69447},"python-list-pop-method",[20,69449,69450,69452],{},[15,69451,54947],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,69454,69455],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[194,69457,69458,69461],{},[197,69459,69460],{},"delete an item from a list",[197,69462,69463],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,69465,69466,69467,69469,69470,8591,69472,69476],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,69468,12650],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,69471,12650],{},[758,69473,69474],{"href":54937},[15,69475,55393],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[39,69478,42],{"id":41},[44,69480,69482],{"className":46,"code":69481,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,69483,69484,69504,69519,69523,69534],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,69485,69486,69488,69490,69492,69494,69496,69498,69500,69502],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,69487,60],{"class":59},[53,69489,31],{"class":63},[53,69491,67],{"class":66},[53,69493,1188],{"class":70},[53,69495,74],{"class":66},[53,69497,1193],{"class":70},[53,69499,74],{"class":66},[53,69501,1198],{"class":70},[53,69503,85],{"class":66},[53,69505,69506,69509,69511,69513,69515,69517],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,69507,69508],{"class":59},"last_item ",[53,69510,31],{"class":63},[53,69512,96],{"class":59},[53,69514,99],{"class":66},[53,69516,26111],{"class":102},[53,69518,106],{"class":66},[53,69520,69521],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,69522,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,69524,69525,69527,69529,69532],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,69526,145],{"class":144},[53,69528,127],{"class":66},[53,69530,69531],{"class":102},"last_item",[53,69533,133],{"class":66},[53,69535,69536,69538,69540,69542],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,69537,145],{"class":144},[53,69539,127],{"class":66},[53,69541,150],{"class":102},[53,69543,133],{"class":66},[20,69545,301],{},[44,69547,69549],{"className":46,"code":69548,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,69550,69551,69556],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,69552,69553],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,69554,69555],{"class":70},"30\n",[53,69557,69558,69560,69562,69564,69566],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,69559,311],{"class":66},[53,69561,1188],{"class":70},[53,69563,74],{"class":66},[53,69565,1193],{"class":70},[53,69567,85],{"class":66},[20,69569,174,69570,69572],{},[15,69571,12650],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[39,69574,69576],{"id":69575},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,69578,69579,69581],{},[15,69580,12650],{}," has two main jobs:",[194,69583,69584,69587],{},[197,69585,69586],{},"It removes one item from a list",[197,69588,69589],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,69591,43522],{},[194,69593,69594,69597,69600],{},[197,69595,69596],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[197,69598,69599],{},"It changes the original list",[197,69601,52616],{},[20,69603,211],{},[44,69605,69607],{"className":46,"code":69606,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,69608,69609,69641,69645,69660,69664,69675],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,69610,69611,69613,69615,69617,69619,69621,69623,69625,69627,69629,69631,69633,69635,69637,69639],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,69612,1025],{"class":59},[53,69614,31],{"class":63},[53,69616,67],{"class":66},[53,69618,229],{"class":228},[53,69620,1034],{"class":232},[53,69622,229],{"class":228},[53,69624,74],{"class":66},[53,69626,240],{"class":228},[53,69628,17324],{"class":232},[53,69630,229],{"class":228},[53,69632,74],{"class":66},[53,69634,240],{"class":228},[53,69636,1043],{"class":232},[53,69638,229],{"class":228},[53,69640,85],{"class":66},[53,69642,69643],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,69644,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,69646,69647,69650,69652,69654,69656,69658],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,69648,69649],{"class":59},"removed ",[53,69651,31],{"class":63},[53,69653,1057],{"class":59},[53,69655,99],{"class":66},[53,69657,26111],{"class":102},[53,69659,106],{"class":66},[53,69661,69662],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,69663,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,69665,69666,69668,69670,69673],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,69667,145],{"class":144},[53,69669,127],{"class":66},[53,69671,69672],{"class":102},"removed",[53,69674,133],{"class":66},[53,69676,69677,69679,69681,69683],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,69678,145],{"class":144},[53,69680,127],{"class":66},[53,69682,1115],{"class":102},[53,69684,133],{"class":66},[20,69686,301],{},[44,69688,69690],{"className":46,"code":69689,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,69691,69692,69697],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,69693,69694],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,69695,69696],{"class":59},"blue\n",[53,69698,69699,69701,69703,69705,69707,69709,69711,69713,69715],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,69700,311],{"class":66},[53,69702,314],{"class":228},[53,69704,1034],{"class":232},[53,69706,314],{"class":228},[53,69708,74],{"class":66},[53,69710,323],{"class":228},[53,69712,17324],{"class":232},[53,69714,314],{"class":228},[53,69716,85],{"class":66},[39,69718,372],{"id":371},[44,69720,69722],{"className":46,"code":69721,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,69723,69724],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,69725,69726,69728,69730,69732,69734,69736],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,69727,7979],{"class":1704},[53,69729,99],{"class":66},[53,69731,26111],{"class":102},[53,69733,2873],{"class":66},[53,69735,35721],{"class":102},[53,69737,3777],{"class":66},[20,69739,1870,69740,69742],{},[15,69741,35721],{}," is optional.",[194,69744,69745,69751,69757],{},[197,69746,69747,69748,69750],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,69749,12650],{}," removes the last item",[197,69752,69753,69754,69756],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,69755,12650],{}," removes the item at that position",[197,69758,69759],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,69761,211],{},[44,69763,69765],{"className":46,"code":69764,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,69766,69767,69799,69803,69822,69826,69836],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,69768,69769,69771,69773,69775,69777,69779,69781,69783,69785,69787,69789,69791,69793,69795,69797],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,69770,35966],{"class":59},[53,69772,31],{"class":63},[53,69774,67],{"class":66},[53,69776,229],{"class":228},[53,69778,758],{"class":232},[53,69780,229],{"class":228},[53,69782,74],{"class":66},[53,69784,240],{"class":228},[53,69786,1376],{"class":232},[53,69788,229],{"class":228},[53,69790,74],{"class":66},[53,69792,240],{"class":228},[53,69794,9628],{"class":232},[53,69796,229],{"class":228},[53,69798,85],{"class":66},[53,69800,69801],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,69802,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,69804,69805,69807,69809,69812,69814,69816,69818,69820],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,69806,28409],{"class":59},[53,69808,31],{"class":63},[53,69810,69811],{"class":59}," letters",[53,69813,99],{"class":66},[53,69815,26111],{"class":102},[53,69817,127],{"class":66},[53,69819,71],{"class":70},[53,69821,133],{"class":66},[53,69823,69824],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,69825,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,69827,69828,69830,69832,69834],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,69829,145],{"class":144},[53,69831,127],{"class":66},[53,69833,23180],{"class":102},[53,69835,133],{"class":66},[53,69837,69838,69840,69842,69844],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,69839,145],{"class":144},[53,69841,127],{"class":66},[53,69843,36019],{"class":102},[53,69845,133],{"class":66},[20,69847,301],{},[44,69849,69851],{"className":46,"code":69850,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,69852,69853,69858],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,69854,69855],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,69856,69857],{"class":59},"b\n",[53,69859,69860,69862,69864,69866,69868,69870,69872,69874,69876],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,69861,311],{"class":66},[53,69863,314],{"class":228},[53,69865,758],{"class":232},[53,69867,314],{"class":228},[53,69869,74],{"class":66},[53,69871,323],{"class":228},[53,69873,9628],{"class":232},[53,69875,314],{"class":228},[53,69877,85],{"class":66},[20,69879,69880,69881,99],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[758,69882,761],{"href":760},[39,69884,69886],{"id":69885},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,69888,69889,69890,69892],{},"When you call ",[15,69891,12650],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[44,69894,69896],{"className":46,"code":69895,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,69897,69898,69933,69937,69952,69956,69967],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,69899,69900,69902,69904,69906,69908,69911,69913,69915,69917,69920,69922,69924,69926,69929,69931],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,69901,29769],{"class":59},[53,69903,31],{"class":63},[53,69905,67],{"class":66},[53,69907,229],{"class":228},[53,69909,69910],{"class":232},"write",[53,69912,229],{"class":228},[53,69914,74],{"class":66},[53,69916,240],{"class":228},[53,69918,69919],{"class":232},"test",[53,69921,229],{"class":228},[53,69923,74],{"class":66},[53,69925,240],{"class":228},[53,69927,69928],{"class":232},"submit",[53,69930,229],{"class":228},[53,69932,85],{"class":66},[53,69934,69935],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,69936,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,69938,69939,69942,69944,69946,69948,69950],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,69940,69941],{"class":59},"last_task ",[53,69943,31],{"class":63},[53,69945,29847],{"class":59},[53,69947,99],{"class":66},[53,69949,26111],{"class":102},[53,69951,106],{"class":66},[53,69953,69954],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,69955,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,69957,69958,69960,69962,69965],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,69959,145],{"class":144},[53,69961,127],{"class":66},[53,69963,69964],{"class":102},"last_task",[53,69966,133],{"class":66},[53,69968,69969,69971,69973,69975],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,69970,145],{"class":144},[53,69972,127],{"class":66},[53,69974,36379],{"class":102},[53,69976,133],{"class":66},[20,69978,301],{},[44,69980,69982],{"className":46,"code":69981,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,69983,69984,69989],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,69985,69986],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,69987,69988],{"class":59},"submit\n",[53,69990,69991,69993,69995,69997,69999,70001,70003,70005,70007],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,69992,311],{"class":66},[53,69994,314],{"class":228},[53,69996,69910],{"class":232},[53,69998,314],{"class":228},[53,70000,74],{"class":66},[53,70002,323],{"class":228},[53,70004,69919],{"class":232},[53,70006,314],{"class":228},[53,70008,85],{"class":66},[20,70010,70011],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[39,70013,70015],{"id":70014},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,70017,70018],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[44,70020,70022],{"className":46,"code":70021,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70023,70024,70064,70068,70086,70090,70100],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70025,70026,70028,70030,70032,70034,70036,70038,70040,70042,70044,70046,70048,70050,70052,70054,70056,70058,70060,70062],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70027,221],{"class":59},[53,70029,31],{"class":63},[53,70031,67],{"class":66},[53,70033,229],{"class":228},[53,70035,233],{"class":232},[53,70037,229],{"class":228},[53,70039,74],{"class":66},[53,70041,240],{"class":228},[53,70043,243],{"class":232},[53,70045,229],{"class":228},[53,70047,74],{"class":66},[53,70049,240],{"class":228},[53,70051,3984],{"class":232},[53,70053,229],{"class":228},[53,70055,74],{"class":66},[53,70057,240],{"class":228},[53,70059,252],{"class":232},[53,70061,229],{"class":228},[53,70063,85],{"class":66},[53,70065,70066],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,70067,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,70069,70070,70072,70074,70076,70078,70080,70082,70084],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,70071,69649],{"class":59},[53,70073,31],{"class":63},[53,70075,266],{"class":59},[53,70077,99],{"class":66},[53,70079,26111],{"class":102},[53,70081,127],{"class":66},[53,70083,71],{"class":70},[53,70085,133],{"class":66},[53,70087,70088],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,70089,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,70091,70092,70094,70096,70098],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,70093,145],{"class":144},[53,70095,127],{"class":66},[53,70097,69672],{"class":102},[53,70099,133],{"class":66},[53,70101,70102,70104,70106,70108],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,70103,145],{"class":144},[53,70105,127],{"class":66},[53,70107,285],{"class":102},[53,70109,133],{"class":66},[20,70111,301],{},[44,70113,70115],{"className":46,"code":70114,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,70116,70117,70122],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70118,70119],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70120,70121],{"class":59},"banana\n",[53,70123,70124,70126,70128,70130,70132,70134,70136,70138,70140,70142,70144,70146,70148],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,70125,311],{"class":66},[53,70127,314],{"class":228},[53,70129,233],{"class":232},[53,70131,314],{"class":228},[53,70133,74],{"class":66},[53,70135,323],{"class":228},[53,70137,3984],{"class":232},[53,70139,314],{"class":228},[53,70141,74],{"class":66},[53,70143,323],{"class":228},[53,70145,252],{"class":232},[53,70147,314],{"class":228},[53,70149,85],{"class":66},[20,70151,70152],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[44,70154,70156],{"className":46,"code":70155,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70157,70158,70190,70194,70214,70218,70228],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70159,70160,70162,70164,70166,70168,70170,70172,70174,70176,70178,70180,70182,70184,70186,70188],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70161,221],{"class":59},[53,70163,31],{"class":63},[53,70165,67],{"class":66},[53,70167,229],{"class":228},[53,70169,233],{"class":232},[53,70171,229],{"class":228},[53,70173,74],{"class":66},[53,70175,240],{"class":228},[53,70177,243],{"class":232},[53,70179,229],{"class":228},[53,70181,74],{"class":66},[53,70183,240],{"class":228},[53,70185,3984],{"class":232},[53,70187,229],{"class":228},[53,70189,85],{"class":66},[53,70191,70192],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,70193,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,70195,70196,70198,70200,70202,70204,70206,70208,70210,70212],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,70197,69649],{"class":59},[53,70199,31],{"class":63},[53,70201,266],{"class":59},[53,70203,99],{"class":66},[53,70205,26111],{"class":102},[53,70207,127],{"class":66},[53,70209,1912],{"class":63},[53,70211,71],{"class":70},[53,70213,133],{"class":66},[53,70215,70216],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,70217,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,70219,70220,70222,70224,70226],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,70221,145],{"class":144},[53,70223,127],{"class":66},[53,70225,69672],{"class":102},[53,70227,133],{"class":66},[53,70229,70230,70232,70234,70236],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,70231,145],{"class":144},[53,70233,127],{"class":66},[53,70235,285],{"class":102},[53,70237,133],{"class":66},[20,70239,301],{},[44,70241,70243],{"className":46,"code":70242,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,70244,70245,70250],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70246,70247],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70248,70249],{"class":59},"cherry\n",[53,70251,70252,70254,70256,70258,70260,70262,70264,70266,70268],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,70253,311],{"class":66},[53,70255,314],{"class":228},[53,70257,233],{"class":232},[53,70259,314],{"class":228},[53,70261,74],{"class":66},[53,70263,323],{"class":228},[53,70265,243],{"class":232},[53,70267,314],{"class":228},[53,70269,85],{"class":66},[20,70271,70272,70273,70275],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,70274,65569],{}," means the last item.",[20,70277,70278,70279,99],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[758,70280,70281,1316],{"href":58678},[15,70282,64580],{},[39,70284,70286],{"id":70285},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,70288,70289,70291],{},[15,70290,12650],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,70293,70294,70295,960,70297,99],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,70296,12650],{},[758,70298,70299],{"href":54937},[15,70300,55393],{},[20,70302,211],{},[44,70304,70306],{"className":46,"code":70305,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,70307,70308,70340,70344,70363,70367,70378],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70309,70310,70312,70314,70316,70318,70320,70322,70324,70326,70328,70330,70332,70334,70336,70338],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70311,4880],{"class":59},[53,70313,31],{"class":63},[53,70315,67],{"class":66},[53,70317,229],{"class":228},[53,70319,12765],{"class":232},[53,70321,229],{"class":228},[53,70323,74],{"class":66},[53,70325,240],{"class":228},[53,70327,35816],{"class":232},[53,70329,229],{"class":228},[53,70331,74],{"class":66},[53,70333,240],{"class":228},[53,70335,35825],{"class":232},[53,70337,229],{"class":228},[53,70339,85],{"class":66},[53,70341,70342],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,70343,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,70345,70346,70349,70351,70353,70355,70357,70359,70361],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,70347,70348],{"class":59},"removed_name ",[53,70350,31],{"class":63},[53,70352,69291],{"class":59},[53,70354,99],{"class":66},[53,70356,26111],{"class":102},[53,70358,127],{"class":66},[53,70360,852],{"class":70},[53,70362,133],{"class":66},[53,70364,70365],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,70366,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,70368,70369,70371,70373,70376],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,70370,145],{"class":144},[53,70372,127],{"class":66},[53,70374,70375],{"class":102},"removed_name",[53,70377,133],{"class":66},[53,70379,70380,70382,70384,70386],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,70381,145],{"class":144},[53,70383,127],{"class":66},[53,70385,4923],{"class":102},[53,70387,133],{"class":66},[20,70389,301],{},[44,70391,70393],{"className":46,"code":70392,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70394,70395,70399],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70396,70397],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70398,49913],{"class":59},[53,70400,70401,70403,70405,70407,70409,70411,70413,70415,70417],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,70402,311],{"class":66},[53,70404,314],{"class":228},[53,70406,35816],{"class":232},[53,70408,314],{"class":228},[53,70410,74],{"class":66},[53,70412,323],{"class":228},[53,70414,35825],{"class":232},[53,70416,314],{"class":228},[53,70418,85],{"class":66},[20,70420,70421],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,70423,70424,70425,70427,70428,99],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70426,55393],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70429,3664],{},[39,70431,70433],{"id":70432},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[1327,70435,70437],{"id":70436},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,70439,70440,70441,70443,70444,99],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70442,12650],{}," raises an ",[15,70445,70446],{},"IndexError",[44,70448,70450],{"className":46,"code":70449,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70451,70452,70460],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70453,70454,70456,70458],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70455,7667],{"class":59},[53,70457,31],{"class":63},[53,70459,431],{"class":66},[53,70461,70462,70464,70466,70468],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,70463,7696],{"class":59},[53,70465,99],{"class":66},[53,70467,26111],{"class":102},[53,70469,106],{"class":66},[20,70471,301],{},[44,70473,70475],{"className":46,"code":70474,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,70476,70477],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70478,70479,70481,70483,70486,70489,70492],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70480,70446],{"class":1704},[53,70482,192],{"class":66},[53,70484,70485],{"class":59}," pop ",[53,70487,70488],{"class":3764},"from",[53,70490,70491],{"class":59}," empty ",[53,70493,49759],{"class":1704},[20,70495,1524],{},[194,70497,70498,70503],{},[197,70499,70500,70501],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,70502,12650],{},[197,70504,70505,70506,960,70508],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,70507,29675],{},[15,70509,29706],{},[20,70511,211],{},[44,70513,70515],{"className":46,"code":70514,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,70516,70517,70525,70529,70537,70551,70557],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70518,70519,70521,70523],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70520,7667],{"class":59},[53,70522,31],{"class":63},[53,70524,431],{"class":66},[53,70526,70527],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,70528,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,70530,70531,70533,70535],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,70532,6884],{"class":3764},[53,70534,5851],{"class":59},[53,70536,6280],{"class":66},[53,70538,70539,70541,70543,70545,70547,70549],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,70540,7954],{"class":144},[53,70542,127],{"class":66},[53,70544,7696],{"class":102},[53,70546,99],{"class":66},[53,70548,26111],{"class":102},[53,70550,7081],{"class":66},[53,70552,70553,70555],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,70554,27304],{"class":3764},[53,70556,6280],{"class":66},[53,70558,70559,70561,70563,70565,70568,70570],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,70560,7954],{"class":144},[53,70562,127],{"class":66},[53,70564,229],{"class":228},[53,70566,70567],{"class":232},"The list is empty.",[53,70569,229],{"class":228},[53,70571,133],{"class":66},[1327,70573,70575],{"id":70574},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,70577,70578,70579,99],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,70580,70446],{},[44,70582,70584],{"className":46,"code":70583,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,70585,70586,70606],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70587,70588,70590,70592,70594,70596,70598,70600,70602,70604],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70589,60],{"class":59},[53,70591,31],{"class":63},[53,70593,67],{"class":66},[53,70595,1188],{"class":70},[53,70597,74],{"class":66},[53,70599,1193],{"class":70},[53,70601,74],{"class":66},[53,70603,1198],{"class":70},[53,70605,85],{"class":66},[53,70607,70608,70610,70612,70614,70616,70618],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,70609,150],{"class":59},[53,70611,99],{"class":66},[53,70613,26111],{"class":102},[53,70615,127],{"class":66},[53,70617,2024],{"class":70},[53,70619,133],{"class":66},[20,70621,301],{},[44,70623,70625],{"className":46,"code":70624,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,70626,70627],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70628,70629,70631,70633,70636],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70630,70446],{"class":1704},[53,70632,192],{"class":66},[53,70634,70635],{"class":59}," pop index out of ",[53,70637,70638],{"class":144},"range\n",[20,70640,1524],{},[194,70642,70643,70648],{},[197,70644,70645,70646],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,70647,42232],{},[197,70649,70650],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[44,70652,70654],{"className":46,"code":70653,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,70655,70656,70676,70685,70689,70711,70729,70735],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70657,70658,70660,70662,70664,70666,70668,70670,70672,70674],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70659,60],{"class":59},[53,70661,31],{"class":63},[53,70663,67],{"class":66},[53,70665,1188],{"class":70},[53,70667,74],{"class":66},[53,70669,1193],{"class":70},[53,70671,74],{"class":66},[53,70673,1198],{"class":70},[53,70675,85],{"class":66},[53,70677,70678,70681,70683],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,70679,70680],{"class":59},"index ",[53,70682,31],{"class":63},[53,70684,45461],{"class":70},[53,70686,70687],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,70688,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,70690,70691,70693,70695,70698,70701,70703,70705,70707,70709],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,70692,6884],{"class":3764},[53,70694,3720],{"class":70},[53,70696,70697],{"class":63}," \u003C=",[53,70699,70700],{"class":59}," index ",[53,70702,3178],{"class":63},[53,70704,38260],{"class":144},[53,70706,127],{"class":66},[53,70708,150],{"class":102},[53,70710,8228],{"class":66},[53,70712,70713,70715,70717,70719,70721,70723,70725,70727],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,70714,7954],{"class":144},[53,70716,127],{"class":66},[53,70718,150],{"class":102},[53,70720,99],{"class":66},[53,70722,26111],{"class":102},[53,70724,127],{"class":66},[53,70726,35721],{"class":102},[53,70728,1713],{"class":66},[53,70730,70731,70733],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,70732,27304],{"class":3764},[53,70734,6280],{"class":66},[53,70736,70737,70739,70741,70743,70746,70748],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,70738,7954],{"class":144},[53,70740,127],{"class":66},[53,70742,229],{"class":228},[53,70744,70745],{"class":232},"Index is out of range.",[53,70747,229],{"class":228},[53,70749,133],{"class":66},[20,70751,70752,70753,99],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[758,70754,68974],{"href":68973},[1327,70756,70758],{"id":70757},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,70760,70761,70763],{},[15,70762,12650],{}," expects an integer index.",[44,70765,70767],{"className":46,"code":70766,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,70768,70769,70789],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70770,70771,70773,70775,70777,70779,70781,70783,70785,70787],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70772,60],{"class":59},[53,70774,31],{"class":63},[53,70776,67],{"class":66},[53,70778,1188],{"class":70},[53,70780,74],{"class":66},[53,70782,1193],{"class":70},[53,70784,74],{"class":66},[53,70786,1198],{"class":70},[53,70788,85],{"class":66},[53,70790,70791,70793,70795,70797,70799,70801,70803,70805],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,70792,150],{"class":59},[53,70794,99],{"class":66},[53,70796,26111],{"class":102},[53,70798,127],{"class":66},[53,70800,229],{"class":228},[53,70802,71],{"class":232},[53,70804,229],{"class":228},[53,70806,133],{"class":66},[20,70808,301],{},[44,70810,70812],{"className":46,"code":70811,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,70813,70814],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70815,70816,70818,70820,70822,70824,70826,70828,70831,70834],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70817,2892],{"class":1704},[53,70819,192],{"class":66},[53,70821,323],{"class":228},[53,70823,3330],{"class":232},[53,70825,314],{"class":228},[53,70827,24487],{"class":1704},[53,70829,70830],{"class":59}," cannot be interpreted ",[53,70832,70833],{"class":3764},"as",[53,70835,70836],{"class":59}," an integer\n",[20,70838,1524],{},[194,70840,70841,70850],{},[197,70842,70843,70844,2076,70846,2080,70848],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,70845,852],{},[15,70847,71],{},[15,70849,65569],{},[197,70851,70852],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[44,70854,70856],{"className":46,"code":70855,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70857,70858,70878,70896,70900,70918],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70859,70860,70862,70864,70866,70868,70870,70872,70874,70876],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70861,60],{"class":59},[53,70863,31],{"class":63},[53,70865,67],{"class":66},[53,70867,1188],{"class":70},[53,70869,74],{"class":66},[53,70871,1193],{"class":70},[53,70873,74],{"class":66},[53,70875,1198],{"class":70},[53,70877,85],{"class":66},[53,70879,70880,70882,70884,70886,70888,70890,70892,70894],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,70881,70680],{"class":59},[53,70883,31],{"class":63},[53,70885,45148],{"class":1704},[53,70887,127],{"class":66},[53,70889,229],{"class":228},[53,70891,71],{"class":232},[53,70893,229],{"class":228},[53,70895,133],{"class":66},[53,70897,70898],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,70899,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,70901,70902,70904,70906,70908,70910,70912,70914,70916],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,70903,145],{"class":144},[53,70905,127],{"class":66},[53,70907,150],{"class":102},[53,70909,99],{"class":66},[53,70911,26111],{"class":102},[53,70913,127],{"class":66},[53,70915,35721],{"class":102},[53,70917,1713],{"class":66},[53,70919,70920,70922,70924,70926],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,70921,145],{"class":144},[53,70923,127],{"class":66},[53,70925,150],{"class":102},[53,70927,133],{"class":66},[20,70929,301],{},[44,70931,70933],{"className":46,"code":70932,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,70934,70935,70940],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70936,70937],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70938,70939],{"class":70},"20\n",[53,70941,70942,70944,70946,70948,70950],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,70943,311],{"class":66},[53,70945,1188],{"class":70},[53,70947,74],{"class":66},[53,70949,1198],{"class":70},[53,70951,85],{"class":66},[39,70953,70955],{"id":70954},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,70957,70958],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[1327,70960,174,70962,1152],{"id":70961},"use-pop-when",[15,70963,12650],{},[194,70965,70966,70969,70972],{},[197,70967,70968],{},"you want to remove by index",[197,70970,70971],{},"you want the removed item returned",[197,70973,70974],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[1327,70976,174,70978,1152],{"id":70977},"use-remove-when",[15,70979,55393],{},[194,70981,70982,70985],{},[197,70983,70984],{},"you want to remove by value",[197,70986,70987],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,70989,70990],{},"Compare these examples:",[44,70992,70994],{"className":46,"code":70993,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70995,70996,71020,71024,71042,71052],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70997,70998,71000,71002,71004,71006,71008,71010,71012,71014,71016,71018],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70999,60],{"class":59},[53,71001,31],{"class":63},[53,71003,67],{"class":66},[53,71005,1188],{"class":70},[53,71007,74],{"class":66},[53,71009,1193],{"class":70},[53,71011,74],{"class":66},[53,71013,1198],{"class":70},[53,71015,74],{"class":66},[53,71017,1193],{"class":70},[53,71019,85],{"class":66},[53,71021,71022],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,71023,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,71025,71026,71028,71030,71032,71034,71036,71038,71040],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,71027,69649],{"class":59},[53,71029,31],{"class":63},[53,71031,96],{"class":59},[53,71033,99],{"class":66},[53,71035,26111],{"class":102},[53,71037,127],{"class":66},[53,71039,71],{"class":70},[53,71041,133],{"class":66},[53,71043,71044,71046,71048,71050],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,71045,145],{"class":144},[53,71047,127],{"class":66},[53,71049,69672],{"class":102},[53,71051,133],{"class":66},[53,71053,71054,71056,71058,71060],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,71055,145],{"class":144},[53,71057,127],{"class":66},[53,71059,150],{"class":102},[53,71061,133],{"class":66},[20,71063,301],{},[44,71065,71067],{"className":46,"code":71066,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71068,71069,71073],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71070,71071],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71072,70939],{"class":70},[53,71074,71075,71077,71079,71081,71083,71085,71087],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,71076,311],{"class":66},[53,71078,1188],{"class":70},[53,71080,74],{"class":66},[53,71082,1198],{"class":70},[53,71084,74],{"class":66},[53,71086,1193],{"class":70},[53,71088,85],{"class":66},[44,71090,71092],{"className":46,"code":71091,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71093,71094,71118,71122,71136],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71095,71096,71098,71100,71102,71104,71106,71108,71110,71112,71114,71116],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71097,60],{"class":59},[53,71099,31],{"class":63},[53,71101,67],{"class":66},[53,71103,1188],{"class":70},[53,71105,74],{"class":66},[53,71107,1193],{"class":70},[53,71109,74],{"class":66},[53,71111,1198],{"class":70},[53,71113,74],{"class":66},[53,71115,1193],{"class":70},[53,71117,85],{"class":66},[53,71119,71120],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,71121,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,71123,71124,71126,71128,71130,71132,71134],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,71125,150],{"class":59},[53,71127,99],{"class":66},[53,71129,34668],{"class":102},[53,71131,127],{"class":66},[53,71133,15625],{"class":70},[53,71135,133],{"class":66},[53,71137,71138,71140,71142,71144],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,71139,145],{"class":144},[53,71141,127],{"class":66},[53,71143,150],{"class":102},[53,71145,133],{"class":66},[20,71147,301],{},[44,71149,71151],{"className":46,"code":71150,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71152,71153],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71154,71155,71157,71159,71161,71163,71165,71167],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71156,311],{"class":66},[53,71158,1188],{"class":70},[53,71160,74],{"class":66},[53,71162,1198],{"class":70},[53,71164,74],{"class":66},[53,71166,1193],{"class":70},[53,71168,85],{"class":66},[20,71170,71171,71172,71175,71176,99],{},"In the first example, ",[15,71173,71174],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,71177,71],{},[20,71179,1138,71180,71183,71184,99],{},[15,71181,71182],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,71185,15625],{},[20,71187,71188,71189,99],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[758,71190,54933],{"href":54932},[39,71192,2716],{"id":2715},[20,71194,71195,71196,192],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,71197,12650],{},[194,71199,71200,71203,71206,71212,71216],{},[197,71201,71202],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[197,71204,71205],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[197,71207,37078,71208,8591,71210],{},[15,71209,12650],{},[15,71211,55393],{},[197,71213,8339,71214,61686],{},[15,71215,12650],{},[197,71217,71218],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,71220,71221],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[44,71223,71225],{"className":46,"code":71224,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,71226,71227,71237,71251,71265,71283],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71228,71229,71231,71233,71235],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71230,145],{"class":144},[53,71232,127],{"class":66},[53,71234,8225],{"class":102},[53,71236,133],{"class":66},[53,71238,71239,71241,71243,71245,71247,71249],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,71240,145],{"class":144},[53,71242,127],{"class":66},[53,71244,11050],{"class":144},[53,71246,127],{"class":66},[53,71248,8225],{"class":102},[53,71250,1713],{"class":66},[53,71252,71253,71255,71257,71259,71261,71263],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,71254,145],{"class":144},[53,71256,127],{"class":66},[53,71258,8225],{"class":102},[53,71260,99],{"class":66},[53,71262,26111],{"class":102},[53,71264,7081],{"class":66},[53,71266,71267,71269,71271,71273,71275,71277,71279,71281],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,71268,145],{"class":144},[53,71270,127],{"class":66},[53,71272,8225],{"class":102},[53,71274,99],{"class":66},[53,71276,26111],{"class":102},[53,71278,127],{"class":66},[53,71280,852],{"class":70},[53,71282,1713],{"class":66},[53,71284,71285,71287,71289,71291,71293,71295],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,71286,145],{"class":144},[53,71288,127],{"class":66},[53,71290,1705],{"class":1704},[53,71292,127],{"class":66},[53,71294,35721],{"class":102},[53,71296,1713],{"class":66},[20,71298,71299],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[194,71301,71302,71308],{},[197,71303,71304,71307],{},[15,71305,71306],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[197,71309,71310,71313],{},[15,71311,71312],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,71315,71316,71317,71320],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,71318,71319],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[39,71322,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,71324,71326],{"id":71325},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,71328,71329,71330,71332],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,71331,12650],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[1327,71334,71336],{"id":71335},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,71338,71339,71341,71342,71344,71345,99],{},[15,71340,12650],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,71343,55393],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,71346,3664],{},[1327,71348,71350],{"id":71349},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,71352,71353,71354,71357],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71355,71356],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[1327,71359,71361],{"id":71360},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,71363,71364,71365,71367],{},"Python raises ",[15,71366,70446],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[39,71369,1788],{"id":1787},[194,71371,71372,71376,71381,71386,71391],{},[197,71373,71374],{},[758,71375,55380],{"href":54932},[197,71377,71378],{},[758,71379,71380],{"href":54937},"Python list remove() method",[197,71382,71383],{},[758,71384,71385],{"href":58678},"Python list index() method",[197,71387,71388],{},[758,71389,71390],{"href":760},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[197,71392,71393],{},[758,71394,68974],{"href":68973},[1817,71396,71397],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":71399},[71400,71401,71402,71403,71404,71405,71406,71411,71417,71418,71424],{"id":41,"depth":88,"text":42},{"id":69575,"depth":88,"text":69576},{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372},{"id":69885,"depth":88,"text":69886},{"id":70014,"depth":88,"text":70015},{"id":70285,"depth":88,"text":70286},{"id":70432,"depth":88,"text":70433,"children":71407},[71408,71409,71410],{"id":70436,"depth":109,"text":70437},{"id":70574,"depth":109,"text":70575},{"id":70757,"depth":109,"text":70758},{"id":70954,"depth":88,"text":70955,"children":71412},[71413,71415],{"id":70961,"depth":109,"text":71414},"Use pop() when:",{"id":70977,"depth":109,"text":71416},"Use remove() when:",{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":71419},[71420,71421,71422,71423],{"id":71325,"depth":109,"text":71326},{"id":71335,"depth":109,"text":71336},{"id":71349,"depth":109,"text":71350},{"id":71360,"depth":109,"text":71361},{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69442,"description":71425},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71432,"title":71433,"body":71434,"description":73220,"extension":1853,"meta":73221,"navigation":112,"path":73222,"seo":73223,"stem":73224,"__hash__":73225},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71435,"toc":73202},[71436,71439,71444,71450,71452,71522,71528,71532,71537,71558,71561,71628,71630,71651,71659,71661,71680,71696,71698,71763,71765,71790,71792,71794,71859,71861,71886,71888,71902,71905,71958,71960,71981,71985,71993,72066,72068,72101,72107,72113,72204,72206,72231,72237,72326,72328,72352,72354,72358,72413,72415,72447,72450,72453,72547,72549,72582,72588,72594,72598,72605,72631,72635,72700,72702,72727,72731,72812,72814,72843,72848,72853,72859,72863,72870,72892,72896,72955,72957,72981,72990,72995,72997,73001,73030,73032,73107,73110,73124,73130,73132,73136,73139,73143,73148,73152,73161,73165,73173,73175,73199],[10,71437,71433],{"id":71438},"python-list-remove-method",[20,71440,1870,71441,71443],{},[15,71442,54940],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,71445,71446,71447,71449],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[34,71448,2360],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[39,71451,42],{"id":41},[44,71453,71455],{"className":46,"code":71454,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71456,71457,71489,71507,71517],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71458,71459,71461,71463,71465,71467,71469,71471,71473,71475,71477,71479,71481,71483,71485,71487],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71460,7667],{"class":59},[53,71462,31],{"class":63},[53,71464,67],{"class":66},[53,71466,229],{"class":228},[53,71468,233],{"class":232},[53,71470,229],{"class":228},[53,71472,74],{"class":66},[53,71474,240],{"class":228},[53,71476,243],{"class":232},[53,71478,229],{"class":228},[53,71480,74],{"class":66},[53,71482,240],{"class":228},[53,71484,252],{"class":232},[53,71486,229],{"class":228},[53,71488,85],{"class":66},[53,71490,71491,71493,71495,71497,71499,71501,71503,71505],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,71492,7696],{"class":59},[53,71494,99],{"class":66},[53,71496,34668],{"class":102},[53,71498,127],{"class":66},[53,71500,229],{"class":228},[53,71502,243],{"class":232},[53,71504,229],{"class":228},[53,71506,133],{"class":66},[53,71508,71509,71511,71513,71515],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,71510,145],{"class":144},[53,71512,127],{"class":66},[53,71514,7696],{"class":102},[53,71516,133],{"class":66},[53,71518,71519],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,71520,71521],{"class":156},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,71523,174,71524,71527],{},[15,71525,71526],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[39,71529,71531],{"id":71530},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,71533,71534,71536],{},[15,71535,55393],{}," is a list method that:",[194,71538,71539,71545,71550,71555],{},[197,71540,71541,71542,71544],{},"Deletes the ",[34,71543,29780],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[197,71546,71547,71548],{},"Changes the original list ",[34,71549,11222],{},[197,71551,1729,71552,71554],{},[34,71553,36],{}," return a new list",[197,71556,71557],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,71559,71560],{},"This is important for beginners:",[44,71562,71564],{"className":46,"code":71563,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,71565,71566,71586,71604,71608,71618],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71567,71568,71570,71572,71574,71576,71578,71580,71582,71584],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71569,60],{"class":59},[53,71571,31],{"class":63},[53,71573,67],{"class":66},[53,71575,71],{"class":70},[53,71577,74],{"class":66},[53,71579,77],{"class":70},[53,71581,74],{"class":66},[53,71583,82],{"class":70},[53,71585,85],{"class":66},[53,71587,71588,71590,71592,71594,71596,71598,71600,71602],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,71589,2117],{"class":59},[53,71591,31],{"class":63},[53,71593,96],{"class":59},[53,71595,99],{"class":66},[53,71597,34668],{"class":102},[53,71599,127],{"class":66},[53,71601,1589],{"class":70},[53,71603,133],{"class":66},[53,71605,71606],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,71607,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,71609,71610,71612,71614,71616],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,71611,145],{"class":144},[53,71613,127],{"class":66},[53,71615,150],{"class":102},[53,71617,133],{"class":66},[53,71619,71620,71622,71624,71626],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,71621,145],{"class":144},[53,71623,127],{"class":66},[53,71625,2152],{"class":102},[53,71627,133],{"class":66},[20,71629,301],{},[44,71631,71633],{"className":46,"code":71632,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,71634,71635,71647],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71636,71637,71639,71641,71643,71645],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71638,311],{"class":66},[53,71640,71],{"class":70},[53,71642,74],{"class":66},[53,71644,82],{"class":70},[53,71646,85],{"class":66},[53,71648,71649],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,71650,11698],{"class":3739},[20,71652,71653,71654,71656,71657,99],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,71655,55393],{}," itself returned ",[15,71658,3664],{},[39,71660,5315],{"id":5314},[44,71662,71664],{"className":46,"code":71663,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,71665,71666],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71667,71668,71670,71672,71674,71676,71678],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71669,7979],{"class":1704},[53,71671,99],{"class":66},[53,71673,34668],{"class":102},[53,71675,127],{"class":66},[53,71677,2360],{"class":102},[53,71679,133],{"class":66},[194,71681,71682,71687,71690],{},[197,71683,71684,71686],{},[15,71685,2360],{}," is the item you want to delete",[197,71688,71689],{},"Python searches from left to right",[197,71691,71692,71693,71695],{},"Only the ",[34,71694,29780],{}," matching value is removed",[20,71697,211],{},[44,71699,71701],{"className":46,"code":71700,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,71702,71703,71735,71753],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71704,71705,71707,71709,71711,71713,71715,71717,71719,71721,71723,71725,71727,71729,71731,71733],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71706,35966],{"class":59},[53,71708,31],{"class":63},[53,71710,67],{"class":66},[53,71712,229],{"class":228},[53,71714,758],{"class":232},[53,71716,229],{"class":228},[53,71718,74],{"class":66},[53,71720,240],{"class":228},[53,71722,1376],{"class":232},[53,71724,229],{"class":228},[53,71726,74],{"class":66},[53,71728,240],{"class":228},[53,71730,9628],{"class":232},[53,71732,229],{"class":228},[53,71734,85],{"class":66},[53,71736,71737,71739,71741,71743,71745,71747,71749,71751],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,71738,36019],{"class":59},[53,71740,99],{"class":66},[53,71742,34668],{"class":102},[53,71744,127],{"class":66},[53,71746,229],{"class":228},[53,71748,1376],{"class":232},[53,71750,229],{"class":228},[53,71752,133],{"class":66},[53,71754,71755,71757,71759,71761],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,71756,145],{"class":144},[53,71758,127],{"class":66},[53,71760,36019],{"class":102},[53,71762,133],{"class":66},[20,71764,301],{},[44,71766,71768],{"className":46,"code":71767,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,71769,71770],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71771,71772,71774,71776,71778,71780,71782,71784,71786,71788],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71773,311],{"class":66},[53,71775,314],{"class":228},[53,71777,758],{"class":232},[53,71779,314],{"class":228},[53,71781,74],{"class":66},[53,71783,323],{"class":228},[53,71785,9628],{"class":232},[53,71787,314],{"class":228},[53,71789,85],{"class":66},[39,71791,5672],{"id":5671},[20,71793,64889],{},[44,71795,71797],{"className":46,"code":71796,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,71798,71799,71831,71849],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71800,71801,71803,71805,71807,71809,71811,71813,71815,71817,71819,71821,71823,71825,71827,71829],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71802,1025],{"class":59},[53,71804,31],{"class":63},[53,71806,67],{"class":66},[53,71808,229],{"class":228},[53,71810,1034],{"class":232},[53,71812,229],{"class":228},[53,71814,74],{"class":66},[53,71816,240],{"class":228},[53,71818,1043],{"class":232},[53,71820,229],{"class":228},[53,71822,74],{"class":66},[53,71824,240],{"class":228},[53,71826,17324],{"class":232},[53,71828,229],{"class":228},[53,71830,85],{"class":66},[53,71832,71833,71835,71837,71839,71841,71843,71845,71847],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,71834,1115],{"class":59},[53,71836,99],{"class":66},[53,71838,34668],{"class":102},[53,71840,127],{"class":66},[53,71842,229],{"class":228},[53,71844,1043],{"class":232},[53,71846,229],{"class":228},[53,71848,133],{"class":66},[53,71850,71851,71853,71855,71857],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,71852,145],{"class":144},[53,71854,127],{"class":66},[53,71856,1115],{"class":102},[53,71858,133],{"class":66},[20,71860,301],{},[44,71862,71864],{"className":46,"code":71863,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,71865,71866],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71867,71868,71870,71872,71874,71876,71878,71880,71882,71884],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71869,311],{"class":66},[53,71871,314],{"class":228},[53,71873,1034],{"class":232},[53,71875,314],{"class":228},[53,71877,74],{"class":66},[53,71879,323],{"class":228},[53,71881,17324],{"class":232},[53,71883,314],{"class":228},[53,71885,85],{"class":66},[20,71887,11573],{},[194,71889,71890,71893,71899],{},[197,71891,71892],{},"A list is created with three values",[197,71894,71895,71898],{},[15,71896,71897],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[197,71900,71901],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,71903,71904],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[44,71906,71908],{"className":46,"code":71907,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,71909,71910,71934,71948],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71911,71912,71914,71916,71918,71920,71922,71924,71926,71928,71930,71932],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71913,1181],{"class":59},[53,71915,31],{"class":63},[53,71917,67],{"class":66},[53,71919,1188],{"class":70},[53,71921,74],{"class":66},[53,71923,1193],{"class":70},[53,71925,74],{"class":66},[53,71927,1198],{"class":70},[53,71929,74],{"class":66},[53,71931,1287],{"class":70},[53,71933,85],{"class":66},[53,71935,71936,71938,71940,71942,71944,71946],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,71937,1225],{"class":59},[53,71939,99],{"class":66},[53,71941,34668],{"class":102},[53,71943,127],{"class":66},[53,71945,36715],{"class":70},[53,71947,133],{"class":66},[53,71949,71950,71952,71954,71956],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,71951,145],{"class":144},[53,71953,127],{"class":66},[53,71955,1225],{"class":102},[53,71957,133],{"class":66},[20,71959,301],{},[44,71961,71963],{"className":46,"code":71962,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,71964,71965],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71966,71967,71969,71971,71973,71975,71977,71979],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71968,311],{"class":66},[53,71970,1188],{"class":70},[53,71972,74],{"class":66},[53,71974,1193],{"class":70},[53,71976,74],{"class":66},[53,71978,1287],{"class":70},[53,71980,85],{"class":66},[39,71982,71984],{"id":71983},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,71986,64879,71987,71989,71990,71992],{},[15,71988,55393],{}," deletes only the ",[34,71991,29780],{}," one.",[44,71994,71996],{"className":46,"code":71995,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,71997,71998,72038,72056],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71999,72000,72002,72004,72006,72008,72010,72012,72014,72016,72018,72020,72022,72024,72026,72028,72030,72032,72034,72036],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72001,7667],{"class":59},[53,72003,31],{"class":63},[53,72005,67],{"class":66},[53,72007,229],{"class":228},[53,72009,233],{"class":232},[53,72011,229],{"class":228},[53,72013,74],{"class":66},[53,72015,240],{"class":228},[53,72017,243],{"class":232},[53,72019,229],{"class":228},[53,72021,74],{"class":66},[53,72023,240],{"class":228},[53,72025,233],{"class":232},[53,72027,229],{"class":228},[53,72029,74],{"class":66},[53,72031,240],{"class":228},[53,72033,252],{"class":232},[53,72035,229],{"class":228},[53,72037,85],{"class":66},[53,72039,72040,72042,72044,72046,72048,72050,72052,72054],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,72041,7696],{"class":59},[53,72043,99],{"class":66},[53,72045,34668],{"class":102},[53,72047,127],{"class":66},[53,72049,229],{"class":228},[53,72051,233],{"class":232},[53,72053,229],{"class":228},[53,72055,133],{"class":66},[53,72057,72058,72060,72062,72064],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,72059,145],{"class":144},[53,72061,127],{"class":66},[53,72063,7696],{"class":102},[53,72065,133],{"class":66},[20,72067,301],{},[44,72069,72071],{"className":46,"code":72070,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72072,72073],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72074,72075,72077,72079,72081,72083,72085,72087,72089,72091,72093,72095,72097,72099],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72076,311],{"class":66},[53,72078,314],{"class":228},[53,72080,243],{"class":232},[53,72082,314],{"class":228},[53,72084,74],{"class":66},[53,72086,323],{"class":228},[53,72088,233],{"class":232},[53,72090,314],{"class":228},[53,72092,74],{"class":66},[53,72094,323],{"class":228},[53,72096,252],{"class":232},[53,72098,314],{"class":228},[53,72100,85],{"class":66},[20,72102,72103,72104,72106],{},"Only the first ",[15,72105,57546],{}," was removed.",[20,72108,72109,72110,72112],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,72111,55393],{}," again:",[44,72114,72116],{"className":46,"code":72115,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72117,72118,72158,72176,72194],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72119,72120,72122,72124,72126,72128,72130,72132,72134,72136,72138,72140,72142,72144,72146,72148,72150,72152,72154,72156],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72121,7667],{"class":59},[53,72123,31],{"class":63},[53,72125,67],{"class":66},[53,72127,229],{"class":228},[53,72129,233],{"class":232},[53,72131,229],{"class":228},[53,72133,74],{"class":66},[53,72135,240],{"class":228},[53,72137,243],{"class":232},[53,72139,229],{"class":228},[53,72141,74],{"class":66},[53,72143,240],{"class":228},[53,72145,233],{"class":232},[53,72147,229],{"class":228},[53,72149,74],{"class":66},[53,72151,240],{"class":228},[53,72153,252],{"class":232},[53,72155,229],{"class":228},[53,72157,85],{"class":66},[53,72159,72160,72162,72164,72166,72168,72170,72172,72174],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,72161,7696],{"class":59},[53,72163,99],{"class":66},[53,72165,34668],{"class":102},[53,72167,127],{"class":66},[53,72169,229],{"class":228},[53,72171,233],{"class":232},[53,72173,229],{"class":228},[53,72175,133],{"class":66},[53,72177,72178,72180,72182,72184,72186,72188,72190,72192],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,72179,7696],{"class":59},[53,72181,99],{"class":66},[53,72183,34668],{"class":102},[53,72185,127],{"class":66},[53,72187,229],{"class":228},[53,72189,233],{"class":232},[53,72191,229],{"class":228},[53,72193,133],{"class":66},[53,72195,72196,72198,72200,72202],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,72197,145],{"class":144},[53,72199,127],{"class":66},[53,72201,7696],{"class":102},[53,72203,133],{"class":66},[20,72205,301],{},[44,72207,72209],{"className":46,"code":72208,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72210,72211],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72212,72213,72215,72217,72219,72221,72223,72225,72227,72229],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72214,311],{"class":66},[53,72216,314],{"class":228},[53,72218,243],{"class":232},[53,72220,314],{"class":228},[53,72222,74],{"class":66},[53,72224,323],{"class":228},[53,72226,252],{"class":232},[53,72228,314],{"class":228},[53,72230,85],{"class":66},[20,72232,72233,72234,72236],{},"If you need to remove ",[34,72235,3601],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[44,72238,72240],{"className":46,"code":72239,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72241,72242,72282,72316],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72243,72244,72246,72248,72250,72252,72254,72256,72258,72260,72262,72264,72266,72268,72270,72272,72274,72276,72278,72280],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72245,7667],{"class":59},[53,72247,31],{"class":63},[53,72249,67],{"class":66},[53,72251,229],{"class":228},[53,72253,233],{"class":232},[53,72255,229],{"class":228},[53,72257,74],{"class":66},[53,72259,240],{"class":228},[53,72261,243],{"class":232},[53,72263,229],{"class":228},[53,72265,74],{"class":66},[53,72267,240],{"class":228},[53,72269,233],{"class":232},[53,72271,229],{"class":228},[53,72273,74],{"class":66},[53,72275,240],{"class":228},[53,72277,252],{"class":232},[53,72279,229],{"class":228},[53,72281,85],{"class":66},[53,72283,72284,72286,72288,72290,72292,72294,72296,72298,72301,72303,72305,72308,72310,72312,72314],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,72285,7667],{"class":59},[53,72287,31],{"class":63},[53,72289,67],{"class":66},[53,72291,28409],{"class":59},[53,72293,5843],{"class":3764},[53,72295,5846],{"class":59},[53,72297,3771],{"class":3764},[53,72299,72300],{"class":59}," items ",[53,72302,6884],{"class":3764},[53,72304,5846],{"class":59},[53,72306,72307],{"class":63},"!=",[53,72309,240],{"class":228},[53,72311,233],{"class":232},[53,72313,229],{"class":228},[53,72315,85],{"class":66},[53,72317,72318,72320,72322,72324],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,72319,145],{"class":144},[53,72321,127],{"class":66},[53,72323,7696],{"class":102},[53,72325,133],{"class":66},[20,72327,301],{},[44,72329,72330],{"className":46,"code":72208,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,72331,72332],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72333,72334,72336,72338,72340,72342,72344,72346,72348,72350],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72335,311],{"class":66},[53,72337,314],{"class":228},[53,72339,243],{"class":232},[53,72341,314],{"class":228},[53,72343,74],{"class":66},[53,72345,323],{"class":228},[53,72347,252],{"class":232},[53,72349,314],{"class":228},[53,72351,85],{"class":66},[39,72353,65345],{"id":65344},[20,72355,65348,72356,99],{},[15,72357,40576],{},[44,72359,72361],{"className":46,"code":72360,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72362,72363,72395],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72364,72365,72367,72369,72371,72373,72375,72377,72379,72381,72383,72385,72387,72389,72391,72393],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72366,7667],{"class":59},[53,72368,31],{"class":63},[53,72370,67],{"class":66},[53,72372,229],{"class":228},[53,72374,233],{"class":232},[53,72376,229],{"class":228},[53,72378,74],{"class":66},[53,72380,240],{"class":228},[53,72382,243],{"class":232},[53,72384,229],{"class":228},[53,72386,74],{"class":66},[53,72388,240],{"class":228},[53,72390,252],{"class":232},[53,72392,229],{"class":228},[53,72394,85],{"class":66},[53,72396,72397,72399,72401,72403,72405,72407,72409,72411],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,72398,7696],{"class":59},[53,72400,99],{"class":66},[53,72402,34668],{"class":102},[53,72404,127],{"class":66},[53,72406,229],{"class":228},[53,72408,22402],{"class":232},[53,72410,229],{"class":228},[53,72412,133],{"class":66},[20,72414,301],{},[44,72416,72418],{"className":46,"code":72417,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72419,72420],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72421,72422,72424,72426,72428,72430,72432,72434,72436,72438,72440,72442,72444],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72423,40576],{"class":1704},[53,72425,192],{"class":66},[53,72427,22429],{"class":1704},[53,72429,99],{"class":66},[53,72431,34668],{"class":102},[53,72433,127],{"class":66},[53,72435,2060],{"class":102},[53,72437,16322],{"class":66},[53,72439,3768],{"class":59},[53,72441,36],{"class":63},[53,72443,21042],{"class":63},[53,72445,72446],{"class":1704}," list\n",[20,72448,72449],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,72451,72452],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[44,72454,72456],{"className":46,"code":72455,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,72457,72458,72490,72502,72506,72518,72533,72537],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72459,72460,72462,72464,72466,72468,72470,72472,72474,72476,72478,72480,72482,72484,72486,72488],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72461,7667],{"class":59},[53,72463,31],{"class":63},[53,72465,67],{"class":66},[53,72467,229],{"class":228},[53,72469,233],{"class":232},[53,72471,229],{"class":228},[53,72473,74],{"class":66},[53,72475,240],{"class":228},[53,72477,243],{"class":232},[53,72479,229],{"class":228},[53,72481,74],{"class":66},[53,72483,240],{"class":228},[53,72485,252],{"class":232},[53,72487,229],{"class":228},[53,72489,85],{"class":66},[53,72491,72492,72494,72496,72498,72500],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,72493,2335],{"class":59},[53,72495,31],{"class":63},[53,72497,240],{"class":228},[53,72499,22402],{"class":232},[53,72501,1682],{"class":228},[53,72503,72504],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,72505,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,72507,72508,72510,72512,72514,72516],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,72509,6884],{"class":3764},[53,72511,21453],{"class":59},[53,72513,3771],{"class":63},[53,72515,5851],{"class":59},[53,72517,6280],{"class":66},[53,72519,72520,72523,72525,72527,72529,72531],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,72521,72522],{"class":59},"    items",[53,72524,99],{"class":66},[53,72526,34668],{"class":102},[53,72528,127],{"class":66},[53,72530,2360],{"class":102},[53,72532,133],{"class":66},[53,72534,72535],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,72536,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,72538,72539,72541,72543,72545],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,72540,145],{"class":144},[53,72542,127],{"class":66},[53,72544,7696],{"class":102},[53,72546,133],{"class":66},[20,72548,301],{},[44,72550,72552],{"className":46,"code":72551,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72553,72554],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72555,72556,72558,72560,72562,72564,72566,72568,72570,72572,72574,72576,72578,72580],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72557,311],{"class":66},[53,72559,314],{"class":228},[53,72561,233],{"class":232},[53,72563,314],{"class":228},[53,72565,74],{"class":66},[53,72567,323],{"class":228},[53,72569,243],{"class":232},[53,72571,314],{"class":228},[53,72573,74],{"class":66},[53,72575,323],{"class":228},[53,72577,252],{"class":232},[53,72579,314],{"class":228},[53,72581,85],{"class":66},[20,72583,72584,72585,72587],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,72586,55393],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,72589,72590,72591,99],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[758,72592,65554],{"href":72593},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[39,72595,72597],{"id":72596},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,72599,72600,960,72602,72604],{},[15,72601,55393],{},[15,72603,12650],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[194,72606,72607,72614,72620,72626],{},[197,72608,72609,72611,72612],{},[15,72610,55393],{}," deletes by ",[34,72613,2360],{},[197,72615,72616,72611,72618],{},[15,72617,12650],{},[34,72619,35721],{},[197,72621,72622,2285,72624],{},[15,72623,55393],{},[15,72625,3664],{},[197,72627,72628,72630],{},[15,72629,12650],{}," returns the removed item",[20,72632,45912,72633,192],{},[15,72634,55393],{},[44,72636,72638],{"className":46,"code":72637,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72639,72640,72672,72690],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72641,72642,72644,72646,72648,72650,72652,72654,72656,72658,72660,72662,72664,72666,72668,72670],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72643,7667],{"class":59},[53,72645,31],{"class":63},[53,72647,67],{"class":66},[53,72649,229],{"class":228},[53,72651,233],{"class":232},[53,72653,229],{"class":228},[53,72655,74],{"class":66},[53,72657,240],{"class":228},[53,72659,243],{"class":232},[53,72661,229],{"class":228},[53,72663,74],{"class":66},[53,72665,240],{"class":228},[53,72667,252],{"class":232},[53,72669,229],{"class":228},[53,72671,85],{"class":66},[53,72673,72674,72676,72678,72680,72682,72684,72686,72688],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,72675,7696],{"class":59},[53,72677,99],{"class":66},[53,72679,34668],{"class":102},[53,72681,127],{"class":66},[53,72683,229],{"class":228},[53,72685,243],{"class":232},[53,72687,229],{"class":228},[53,72689,133],{"class":66},[53,72691,72692,72694,72696,72698],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,72693,145],{"class":144},[53,72695,127],{"class":66},[53,72697,7696],{"class":102},[53,72699,133],{"class":66},[20,72701,301],{},[44,72703,72705],{"className":46,"code":72704,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72706,72707],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72708,72709,72711,72713,72715,72717,72719,72721,72723,72725],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72710,311],{"class":66},[53,72712,314],{"class":228},[53,72714,233],{"class":232},[53,72716,314],{"class":228},[53,72718,74],{"class":66},[53,72720,323],{"class":228},[53,72722,252],{"class":232},[53,72724,314],{"class":228},[53,72726,85],{"class":66},[20,72728,45912,72729,192],{},[15,72730,12650],{},[44,72732,72734],{"className":46,"code":72733,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,72735,72736,72768,72787,72791,72801],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72737,72738,72740,72742,72744,72746,72748,72750,72752,72754,72756,72758,72760,72762,72764,72766],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72739,7667],{"class":59},[53,72741,31],{"class":63},[53,72743,67],{"class":66},[53,72745,229],{"class":228},[53,72747,233],{"class":232},[53,72749,229],{"class":228},[53,72751,74],{"class":66},[53,72753,240],{"class":228},[53,72755,243],{"class":232},[53,72757,229],{"class":228},[53,72759,74],{"class":66},[53,72761,240],{"class":228},[53,72763,252],{"class":232},[53,72765,229],{"class":228},[53,72767,85],{"class":66},[53,72769,72770,72773,72775,72777,72779,72781,72783,72785],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,72771,72772],{"class":59},"removed_item ",[53,72774,31],{"class":63},[53,72776,5851],{"class":59},[53,72778,99],{"class":66},[53,72780,26111],{"class":102},[53,72782,127],{"class":66},[53,72784,71],{"class":70},[53,72786,133],{"class":66},[53,72788,72789],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,72790,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,72792,72793,72795,72797,72799],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,72794,145],{"class":144},[53,72796,127],{"class":66},[53,72798,7696],{"class":102},[53,72800,133],{"class":66},[53,72802,72803,72805,72807,72810],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,72804,145],{"class":144},[53,72806,127],{"class":66},[53,72808,72809],{"class":102},"removed_item",[53,72811,133],{"class":66},[20,72813,301],{},[44,72815,72817],{"className":46,"code":72816,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,72818,72819,72839],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72820,72821,72823,72825,72827,72829,72831,72833,72835,72837],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72822,311],{"class":66},[53,72824,314],{"class":228},[53,72826,233],{"class":232},[53,72828,314],{"class":228},[53,72830,74],{"class":66},[53,72832,323],{"class":228},[53,72834,252],{"class":232},[53,72836,314],{"class":228},[53,72838,85],{"class":66},[53,72840,72841],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,72842,70121],{"class":59},[20,72844,174,72845,72847],{},[15,72846,55393],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,72849,174,72850,72852],{},[15,72851,12650],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,72854,72855,72856,99],{},"For more detail, see the ",[758,72857,72858],{"href":54944},"Python list pop() method",[39,72860,72862],{"id":72861},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,72864,72865,960,72867,72869],{},[15,72866,55393],{},[15,72868,26895],{}," are also different.",[194,72871,72872,72877,72882,72887],{},[197,72873,72874,72876],{},[15,72875,55393],{}," deletes by matching value",[197,72878,72879,72881],{},[15,72880,26895],{}," deletes by index or slice",[197,72883,174,72884,72886],{},[15,72885,26895],{}," when you know the position",[197,72888,174,72889,72891],{},[15,72890,55393],{}," when you know the item value",[20,72893,45912,72894,192],{},[15,72895,26895],{},[44,72897,72899],{"className":46,"code":72898,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72900,72901,72933,72945],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72902,72903,72905,72907,72909,72911,72913,72915,72917,72919,72921,72923,72925,72927,72929,72931],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72904,7667],{"class":59},[53,72906,31],{"class":63},[53,72908,67],{"class":66},[53,72910,229],{"class":228},[53,72912,233],{"class":232},[53,72914,229],{"class":228},[53,72916,74],{"class":66},[53,72918,240],{"class":228},[53,72920,243],{"class":232},[53,72922,229],{"class":228},[53,72924,74],{"class":66},[53,72926,240],{"class":228},[53,72928,252],{"class":232},[53,72930,229],{"class":228},[53,72932,85],{"class":66},[53,72934,72935,72937,72939,72941,72943],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,72936,26895],{"class":3764},[53,72938,5851],{"class":59},[53,72940,311],{"class":66},[53,72942,71],{"class":70},[53,72944,85],{"class":66},[53,72946,72947,72949,72951,72953],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,72948,145],{"class":144},[53,72950,127],{"class":66},[53,72952,7696],{"class":102},[53,72954,133],{"class":66},[20,72956,301],{},[44,72958,72959],{"className":46,"code":72704,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,72960,72961],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72962,72963,72965,72967,72969,72971,72973,72975,72977,72979],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72964,311],{"class":66},[53,72966,314],{"class":228},[53,72968,233],{"class":232},[53,72970,314],{"class":228},[53,72972,74],{"class":66},[53,72974,323],{"class":228},[53,72976,252],{"class":232},[53,72978,314],{"class":228},[53,72980,85],{"class":66},[20,72982,72983,72984,72986,72987,72989],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,72985,71],{},", not the value ",[15,72988,64989],{}," directly.",[20,72991,72992,72993,99],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[758,72994,54933],{"href":54932},[39,72996,2716],{"id":2715},[20,72998,21080,72999,192],{},[15,73000,55393],{},[194,73002,73003,73006,73011,73018,73027],{},[197,73004,73005],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[197,73007,8339,73008,73010],{},[15,73009,55393],{}," to delete all matching values",[197,73012,12482,73013,73015,73016],{},[15,73014,55393],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,73017,3664],{},[197,73019,485,73020,44501,73022,2765,73024,73026],{},[15,73021,55393],{},[15,73023,12650],{},[15,73025,26895],{}," would be a better fit",[197,73028,73029],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,73031,71221],{},[44,73033,73035],{"className":46,"code":73034,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,73036,73037,73047,73061,73079,73093],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73038,73039,73041,73043,73045],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73040,145],{"class":144},[53,73042,127],{"class":66},[53,73044,8225],{"class":102},[53,73046,133],{"class":66},[53,73048,73049,73051,73053,73055,73057,73059],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,73050,145],{"class":144},[53,73052,127],{"class":66},[53,73054,2335],{"class":102},[53,73056,3771],{"class":3764},[53,73058,8282],{"class":102},[53,73060,133],{"class":66},[53,73062,73063,73065,73067,73069,73071,73073,73075,73077],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,73064,145],{"class":144},[53,73066,127],{"class":66},[53,73068,8225],{"class":102},[53,73070,99],{"class":66},[53,73072,41131],{"class":102},[53,73074,127],{"class":66},[53,73076,2360],{"class":102},[53,73078,1713],{"class":66},[53,73080,73081,73083,73085,73087,73089,73091],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,73082,145],{"class":144},[53,73084,127],{"class":66},[53,73086,1705],{"class":1704},[53,73088,127],{"class":66},[53,73090,8225],{"class":102},[53,73092,1713],{"class":66},[53,73094,73095,73097,73099,73101,73103,73105],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,73096,32025],{"class":144},[53,73098,127],{"class":66},[53,73100,7979],{"class":1704},[53,73102,99],{"class":66},[53,73104,34668],{"class":24620},[53,73106,133],{"class":66},[20,73108,73109],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[194,73111,73112,73115,73118,73121],{},[197,73113,73114],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[197,73116,73117],{},"How many times does it appear?",[197,73119,73120],{},"Am I working with a list?",[197,73122,73123],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,73125,73126,73127,73129],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[758,73128,71385],{"href":58678}," may also help.",[39,73131,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,73133,73135],{"id":73134},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,73137,73138],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[1327,73140,73142],{"id":73141},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,73144,5031,73145,73147],{},[15,73146,3664],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[1327,73149,73151],{"id":73150},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,73153,73154,73155,73158,73159,99],{},"Check with ",[15,73156,73157],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,73160,55393],{},[1327,73162,73164],{"id":73163},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,73166,174,73167,73169,73170,73172],{},[15,73168,55393],{}," for a value and ",[15,73171,12650],{}," for an index.",[39,73174,1788],{"id":1787},[194,73176,73177,73181,73185,73189,73193],{},[197,73178,73179],{},[758,73180,55380],{"href":54932},[197,73182,73183],{},[758,73184,72858],{"href":54944},[197,73186,73187],{},[758,73188,71385],{"href":58678},[197,73190,73191],{},[758,73192,65554],{"href":72593},[197,73194,73195],{},[758,73196,73198],{"href":73197},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[1817,73200,73201],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":73203},[73204,73205,73206,73207,73208,73209,73210,73211,73212,73213,73219],{"id":41,"depth":88,"text":42},{"id":71530,"depth":88,"text":71531},{"id":5314,"depth":88,"text":5315},{"id":5671,"depth":88,"text":5672},{"id":71983,"depth":88,"text":71984},{"id":65344,"depth":88,"text":65345},{"id":72596,"depth":88,"text":72597},{"id":72861,"depth":88,"text":72862},{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":73214},[73215,73216,73217,73218],{"id":73134,"depth":109,"text":73135},{"id":73141,"depth":109,"text":73142},{"id":73150,"depth":109,"text":73151},{"id":73163,"depth":109,"text":73164},{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71433,"description":73220},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73227,"title":73228,"body":73229,"description":75120,"extension":1853,"meta":75121,"navigation":112,"path":75122,"seo":75123,"stem":75124,"__hash__":75125},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73230,"toc":75090},[73231,73237,73243,73246,73257,73259,73308,73313,73318,73322,73337,73339,73404,73406,73447,73449,73451,73466,73468,73479,73481,73538,73540,73573,73575,73578,73627,73629,73654,73656,73672,73678,73685,73746,73748,73781,73786,73789,73869,73871,73932,73938,73942,73945,74009,74011,74036,74038,74058,74060,74109,74111,74132,74141,74144,74148,74153,74198,74200,74221,74227,74232,74240,74304,74306,74343,74349,74353,74360,74425,74427,74464,74468,74485,74495,74500,74505,74516,74523,74525,74531,74554,74557,74584,74589,74592,74693,74695,74750,74753,74860,74862,74933,74936,74962,74964,74969,74973,74981,74986,74991,74997,75002,75006,75009,75026,75029,75049,75057,75059,75087],[10,73232,13,73234,18],{"id":73233},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,73235,73236],{},"reverse()",[20,73238,73239,73242],{},[15,73240,73241],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,73244,73245],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,73247,73248,73249,73251,73252,73256],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,73250,73236],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[758,73253,73255],{"href":73254},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[39,73258,3497],{"id":3496},[44,73260,73262],{"className":46,"code":73261,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73263,73264,73284,73295],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73265,73266,73268,73270,73272,73274,73276,73278,73280,73282],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73267,60],{"class":59},[53,73269,31],{"class":63},[53,73271,67],{"class":66},[53,73273,71],{"class":70},[53,73275,74],{"class":66},[53,73277,77],{"class":70},[53,73279,74],{"class":66},[53,73281,82],{"class":70},[53,73283,85],{"class":66},[53,73285,73286,73288,73290,73293],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,73287,150],{"class":59},[53,73289,99],{"class":66},[53,73291,73292],{"class":102},"reverse",[53,73294,106],{"class":66},[53,73296,73297,73299,73301,73303,73305],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,73298,145],{"class":144},[53,73300,127],{"class":66},[53,73302,150],{"class":102},[53,73304,153],{"class":66},[53,73306,73307],{"class":156},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,73309,73310,73312],{},[15,73311,73236],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[39,73314,184,73316,187],{"id":73315},"what-listreverse-does",[15,73317,73241],{},[20,73319,73320,192],{},[15,73321,73241],{},[194,73323,73324,73327,73330,73334],{},[197,73325,73326],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[197,73328,73329],{},"Changes the original list directly",[197,73331,11312,73332],{},[15,73333,3664],{},[197,73335,73336],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,73338,211],{},[44,73340,73342],{"className":46,"code":73341,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,73343,73344,73384,73394],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73345,73346,73348,73350,73352,73354,73356,73358,73360,73362,73364,73366,73368,73370,73372,73374,73376,73378,73380,73382],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73347,35966],{"class":59},[53,73349,31],{"class":63},[53,73351,67],{"class":66},[53,73353,229],{"class":228},[53,73355,758],{"class":232},[53,73357,229],{"class":228},[53,73359,74],{"class":66},[53,73361,240],{"class":228},[53,73363,1376],{"class":232},[53,73365,229],{"class":228},[53,73367,74],{"class":66},[53,73369,240],{"class":228},[53,73371,9628],{"class":232},[53,73373,229],{"class":228},[53,73375,74],{"class":66},[53,73377,240],{"class":228},[53,73379,18635],{"class":232},[53,73381,229],{"class":228},[53,73383,85],{"class":66},[53,73385,73386,73388,73390,73392],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,73387,36019],{"class":59},[53,73389,99],{"class":66},[53,73391,73292],{"class":102},[53,73393,106],{"class":66},[53,73395,73396,73398,73400,73402],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,73397,145],{"class":144},[53,73399,127],{"class":66},[53,73401,36019],{"class":102},[53,73403,133],{"class":66},[20,73405,301],{},[44,73407,73409],{"className":46,"code":73408,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,73410,73411],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73412,73413,73415,73417,73419,73421,73423,73425,73427,73429,73431,73433,73435,73437,73439,73441,73443,73445],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73414,311],{"class":66},[53,73416,314],{"class":228},[53,73418,18635],{"class":232},[53,73420,314],{"class":228},[53,73422,74],{"class":66},[53,73424,323],{"class":228},[53,73426,9628],{"class":232},[53,73428,314],{"class":228},[53,73430,74],{"class":66},[53,73432,323],{"class":228},[53,73434,1376],{"class":232},[53,73436,314],{"class":228},[53,73438,74],{"class":66},[53,73440,323],{"class":228},[53,73442,758],{"class":232},[53,73444,314],{"class":228},[53,73446,85],{"class":66},[39,73448,372],{"id":371},[20,73450,375],{},[44,73452,73454],{"className":46,"code":73453,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,73455,73456],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73457,73458,73460,73462,73464],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73459,8225],{"class":59},[53,73461,99],{"class":66},[53,73463,73292],{"class":102},[53,73465,106],{"class":66},[20,73467,12936],{},[194,73469,73470,73473,73476],{},[197,73471,73472],{},"No arguments are needed",[197,73474,73475],{},"You call it on an existing list",[197,73477,73478],{},"It only works on lists",[20,73480,211],{},[44,73482,73484],{"className":46,"code":73483,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,73485,73486,73518,73528],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73487,73488,73490,73492,73494,73496,73498,73500,73502,73504,73506,73508,73510,73512,73514,73516],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73489,1025],{"class":59},[53,73491,31],{"class":63},[53,73493,67],{"class":66},[53,73495,229],{"class":228},[53,73497,1034],{"class":232},[53,73499,229],{"class":228},[53,73501,74],{"class":66},[53,73503,240],{"class":228},[53,73505,17324],{"class":232},[53,73507,229],{"class":228},[53,73509,74],{"class":66},[53,73511,240],{"class":228},[53,73513,1043],{"class":232},[53,73515,229],{"class":228},[53,73517,85],{"class":66},[53,73519,73520,73522,73524,73526],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,73521,1115],{"class":59},[53,73523,99],{"class":66},[53,73525,73292],{"class":102},[53,73527,106],{"class":66},[53,73529,73530,73532,73534,73536],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,73531,145],{"class":144},[53,73533,127],{"class":66},[53,73535,1115],{"class":102},[53,73537,133],{"class":66},[20,73539,301],{},[44,73541,73543],{"className":46,"code":73542,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,73544,73545],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73546,73547,73549,73551,73553,73555,73557,73559,73561,73563,73565,73567,73569,73571],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73548,311],{"class":66},[53,73550,314],{"class":228},[53,73552,1043],{"class":232},[53,73554,314],{"class":228},[53,73556,74],{"class":66},[53,73558,323],{"class":228},[53,73560,17324],{"class":232},[53,73562,314],{"class":228},[53,73564,74],{"class":66},[53,73566,323],{"class":228},[53,73568,1034],{"class":232},[53,73570,314],{"class":228},[53,73572,85],{"class":66},[39,73574,11364],{"id":11363},[20,73576,73577],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[44,73579,73581],{"className":46,"code":73580,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73582,73583,73607,73617],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73584,73585,73587,73589,73591,73593,73595,73597,73599,73601,73603,73605],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73586,60],{"class":59},[53,73588,31],{"class":63},[53,73590,67],{"class":66},[53,73592,1188],{"class":70},[53,73594,74],{"class":66},[53,73596,1193],{"class":70},[53,73598,74],{"class":66},[53,73600,1198],{"class":70},[53,73602,74],{"class":66},[53,73604,1287],{"class":70},[53,73606,85],{"class":66},[53,73608,73609,73611,73613,73615],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,73610,150],{"class":59},[53,73612,99],{"class":66},[53,73614,73292],{"class":102},[53,73616,106],{"class":66},[53,73618,73619,73621,73623,73625],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,73620,145],{"class":144},[53,73622,127],{"class":66},[53,73624,150],{"class":102},[53,73626,133],{"class":66},[20,73628,301],{},[44,73630,73632],{"className":46,"code":73631,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,73633,73634],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73635,73636,73638,73640,73642,73644,73646,73648,73650,73652],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73637,311],{"class":66},[53,73639,1234],{"class":70},[53,73641,74],{"class":66},[53,73643,1198],{"class":70},[53,73645,74],{"class":66},[53,73647,1193],{"class":70},[53,73649,74],{"class":66},[53,73651,5890],{"class":70},[53,73653,85],{"class":66},[20,73655,11573],{},[194,73657,73658,73664,73669],{},[197,73659,73660,73661],{},"The list starts as ",[15,73662,73663],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[197,73665,73666,73668],{},[15,73667,73236],{}," flips the order",[197,73670,73671],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[39,73673,73675,73677],{"id":73674},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,73676,73236],{}," changes the original list",[20,73679,73680,73681,73684],{},"This method is ",[34,73682,73683],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[44,73686,73688],{"className":46,"code":73687,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,73689,73690,73722,73732,73736],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73691,73692,73694,73696,73698,73700,73702,73704,73706,73708,73710,73712,73714,73716,73718,73720],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73693,221],{"class":59},[53,73695,31],{"class":63},[53,73697,67],{"class":66},[53,73699,229],{"class":228},[53,73701,233],{"class":232},[53,73703,229],{"class":228},[53,73705,74],{"class":66},[53,73707,240],{"class":228},[53,73709,243],{"class":232},[53,73711,229],{"class":228},[53,73713,74],{"class":66},[53,73715,240],{"class":228},[53,73717,3984],{"class":232},[53,73719,229],{"class":228},[53,73721,85],{"class":66},[53,73723,73724,73726,73728,73730],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,73725,285],{"class":59},[53,73727,99],{"class":66},[53,73729,73292],{"class":102},[53,73731,106],{"class":66},[53,73733,73734],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,73735,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,73737,73738,73740,73742,73744],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,73739,145],{"class":144},[53,73741,127],{"class":66},[53,73743,285],{"class":102},[53,73745,133],{"class":66},[20,73747,301],{},[44,73749,73751],{"className":46,"code":73750,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73752,73753],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73754,73755,73757,73759,73761,73763,73765,73767,73769,73771,73773,73775,73777,73779],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73756,311],{"class":66},[53,73758,314],{"class":228},[53,73760,3984],{"class":232},[53,73762,314],{"class":228},[53,73764,74],{"class":66},[53,73766,323],{"class":228},[53,73768,243],{"class":232},[53,73770,314],{"class":228},[53,73772,74],{"class":66},[53,73774,323],{"class":228},[53,73776,233],{"class":232},[53,73778,314],{"class":228},[53,73780,85],{"class":66},[20,73782,174,73783,73785],{},[15,73784,73236],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,73787,73788],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[44,73790,73792],{"className":46,"code":73791,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,73793,73794,73826,73844,73848,73858],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73795,73796,73798,73800,73802,73804,73806,73808,73810,73812,73814,73816,73818,73820,73822,73824],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73797,221],{"class":59},[53,73799,31],{"class":63},[53,73801,67],{"class":66},[53,73803,229],{"class":228},[53,73805,233],{"class":232},[53,73807,229],{"class":228},[53,73809,74],{"class":66},[53,73811,240],{"class":228},[53,73813,243],{"class":232},[53,73815,229],{"class":228},[53,73817,74],{"class":66},[53,73819,240],{"class":228},[53,73821,3984],{"class":232},[53,73823,229],{"class":228},[53,73825,85],{"class":66},[53,73827,73828,73831,73833,73835,73838,73840,73842],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,73829,73830],{"class":59},"reversed_fruits ",[53,73832,31],{"class":63},[53,73834,266],{"class":59},[53,73836,73837],{"class":66},"[::",[53,73839,1912],{"class":63},[53,73841,71],{"class":70},[53,73843,85],{"class":66},[53,73845,73846],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,73847,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,73849,73850,73852,73854,73856],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,73851,145],{"class":144},[53,73853,127],{"class":66},[53,73855,285],{"class":102},[53,73857,133],{"class":66},[53,73859,73860,73862,73864,73867],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,73861,145],{"class":144},[53,73863,127],{"class":66},[53,73865,73866],{"class":102},"reversed_fruits",[53,73868,133],{"class":66},[20,73870,301],{},[44,73872,73874],{"className":46,"code":73873,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73875,73876,73904],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73877,73878,73880,73882,73884,73886,73888,73890,73892,73894,73896,73898,73900,73902],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73879,311],{"class":66},[53,73881,314],{"class":228},[53,73883,233],{"class":232},[53,73885,314],{"class":228},[53,73887,74],{"class":66},[53,73889,323],{"class":228},[53,73891,243],{"class":232},[53,73893,314],{"class":228},[53,73895,74],{"class":66},[53,73897,323],{"class":228},[53,73899,3984],{"class":232},[53,73901,314],{"class":228},[53,73903,85],{"class":66},[53,73905,73906,73908,73910,73912,73914,73916,73918,73920,73922,73924,73926,73928,73930],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,73907,311],{"class":66},[53,73909,314],{"class":228},[53,73911,3984],{"class":232},[53,73913,314],{"class":228},[53,73915,74],{"class":66},[53,73917,323],{"class":228},[53,73919,243],{"class":232},[53,73921,314],{"class":228},[53,73923,74],{"class":66},[53,73925,323],{"class":228},[53,73927,233],{"class":232},[53,73929,314],{"class":228},[53,73931,85],{"class":66},[20,73933,73934,73935,99],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[758,73936,73937],{"href":73254},"Python list slicing explained",[39,73939,73941],{"id":73940},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,73943,73944],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[44,73946,73948],{"className":46,"code":73947,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73949,73950,73970,73984,73988,73999],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73951,73952,73954,73956,73958,73960,73962,73964,73966,73968],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73953,60],{"class":59},[53,73955,31],{"class":63},[53,73957,67],{"class":66},[53,73959,71],{"class":70},[53,73961,74],{"class":66},[53,73963,77],{"class":70},[53,73965,74],{"class":66},[53,73967,82],{"class":70},[53,73969,85],{"class":66},[53,73971,73972,73974,73976,73978,73980,73982],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,73973,385],{"class":59},[53,73975,31],{"class":63},[53,73977,96],{"class":59},[53,73979,99],{"class":66},[53,73981,73292],{"class":102},[53,73983,106],{"class":66},[53,73985,73986],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,73987,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,73989,73990,73992,73994,73997],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,73991,145],{"class":144},[53,73993,127],{"class":66},[53,73995,73996],{"class":102},"new_list",[53,73998,133],{"class":66},[53,74000,74001,74003,74005,74007],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,74002,145],{"class":144},[53,74004,127],{"class":66},[53,74006,150],{"class":102},[53,74008,133],{"class":66},[20,74010,301],{},[44,74012,74014],{"className":46,"code":74013,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74015,74016,74020],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,74017,74018],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,74019,11698],{"class":3739},[53,74021,74022,74024,74026,74028,74030,74032,74034],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,74023,311],{"class":66},[53,74025,815],{"class":70},[53,74027,74],{"class":66},[53,74029,77],{"class":70},[53,74031,74],{"class":66},[53,74033,5382],{"class":70},[53,74035,85],{"class":66},[20,74037,11790],{},[194,74039,74040,74048,74052],{},[197,74041,74042,74044,74045,74047],{},[15,74043,73236],{}," changes ",[15,74046,150],{}," directly",[197,74049,1006,74050,71554],{},[34,74051,36],{},[197,74053,973,74054,42026,74056],{},[15,74055,73996],{},[15,74057,3664],{},[20,74059,61612],{},[44,74061,74063],{"className":46,"code":74062,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74064,74065,74085,74095,74099],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,74066,74067,74069,74071,74073,74075,74077,74079,74081,74083],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,74068,60],{"class":59},[53,74070,31],{"class":63},[53,74072,67],{"class":66},[53,74074,71],{"class":70},[53,74076,74],{"class":66},[53,74078,77],{"class":70},[53,74080,74],{"class":66},[53,74082,82],{"class":70},[53,74084,85],{"class":66},[53,74086,74087,74089,74091,74093],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,74088,150],{"class":59},[53,74090,99],{"class":66},[53,74092,73292],{"class":102},[53,74094,106],{"class":66},[53,74096,74097],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,74098,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,74100,74101,74103,74105,74107],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,74102,145],{"class":144},[53,74104,127],{"class":66},[53,74106,150],{"class":102},[53,74108,133],{"class":66},[20,74110,301],{},[44,74112,74114],{"className":46,"code":74113,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74115,74116],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,74117,74118,74120,74122,74124,74126,74128,74130],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,74119,311],{"class":66},[53,74121,815],{"class":70},[53,74123,74],{"class":66},[53,74125,77],{"class":70},[53,74127,74],{"class":66},[53,74129,5382],{"class":70},[53,74131,85],{"class":66},[39,74133,74135,10474,74137,74140],{"id":74134},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,74136,73236],{},[15,74138,74139],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,74142,74143],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[1327,74145,74146],{"id":73292},[15,74147,73236],{},[20,74149,74150,74152],{},[15,74151,73236],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[44,74154,74156],{"className":46,"code":74155,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74157,74158,74178,74188],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,74159,74160,74162,74164,74166,74168,74170,74172,74174,74176],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,74161,60],{"class":59},[53,74163,31],{"class":63},[53,74165,67],{"class":66},[53,74167,815],{"class":70},[53,74169,74],{"class":66},[53,74171,5382],{"class":70},[53,74173,74],{"class":66},[53,74175,77],{"class":70},[53,74177,85],{"class":66},[53,74179,74180,74182,74184,74186],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,74181,150],{"class":59},[53,74183,99],{"class":66},[53,74185,73292],{"class":102},[53,74187,106],{"class":66},[53,74189,74190,74192,74194,74196],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,74191,145],{"class":144},[53,74193,127],{"class":66},[53,74195,150],{"class":102},[53,74197,133],{"class":66},[20,74199,301],{},[44,74201,74203],{"className":46,"code":74202,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74204,74205],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,74206,74207,74209,74211,74213,74215,74217,74219],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,74208,311],{"class":66},[53,74210,1589],{"class":70},[53,74212,74],{"class":66},[53,74214,5382],{"class":70},[53,74216,74],{"class":66},[53,74218,82],{"class":70},[53,74220,85],{"class":66},[20,74222,74223,74224,74226],{},"Notice that this is ",[34,74225,36],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[1327,74228,74230],{"id":74229},"sorted",[15,74231,74139],{},[20,74233,74234,74239],{},[758,74235,74237],{"href":74236},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,74238,74139],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[44,74241,74243],{"className":46,"code":74242,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74244,74245,74265,74280,74284,74294],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,74246,74247,74249,74251,74253,74255,74257,74259,74261,74263],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,74248,60],{"class":59},[53,74250,31],{"class":63},[53,74252,67],{"class":66},[53,74254,815],{"class":70},[53,74256,74],{"class":66},[53,74258,5382],{"class":70},[53,74260,74],{"class":66},[53,74262,77],{"class":70},[53,74264,85],{"class":66},[53,74266,74267,74269,74271,74274,74276,74278],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,74268,2117],{"class":59},[53,74270,31],{"class":63},[53,74272,74273],{"class":144}," sorted",[53,74275,127],{"class":66},[53,74277,150],{"class":102},[53,74279,133],{"class":66},[53,74281,74282],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,74283,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,74285,74286,74288,74290,74292],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,74287,145],{"class":144},[53,74289,127],{"class":66},[53,74291,150],{"class":102},[53,74293,133],{"class":66},[53,74295,74296,74298,74300,74302],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,74297,145],{"class":144},[53,74299,127],{"class":66},[53,74301,2152],{"class":102},[53,74303,133],{"class":66},[20,74305,301],{},[44,74307,74309],{"className":46,"code":74308,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74310,74311,74327],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,74312,74313,74315,74317,74319,74321,74323,74325],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,74314,311],{"class":66},[53,74316,815],{"class":70},[53,74318,74],{"class":66},[53,74320,5382],{"class":70},[53,74322,74],{"class":66},[53,74324,77],{"class":70},[53,74326,85],{"class":66},[53,74328,74329,74331,74333,74335,74337,74339,74341],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,74330,311],{"class":66},[53,74332,71],{"class":70},[53,74334,74],{"class":66},[53,74336,77],{"class":70},[53,74338,74],{"class":66},[53,74340,82],{"class":70},[53,74342,85],{"class":66},[20,74344,74345,74346,99],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,74347,74348],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[1327,74350,74352],{"id":74351},"slicing","Slicing",[20,74354,74355,74356,74359],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74357,74358],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[44,74361,74363],{"className":46,"code":74362,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74364,74365,74385,74401,74405,74415],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,74366,74367,74369,74371,74373,74375,74377,74379,74381,74383],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,74368,60],{"class":59},[53,74370,31],{"class":63},[53,74372,67],{"class":66},[53,74374,815],{"class":70},[53,74376,74],{"class":66},[53,74378,5382],{"class":70},[53,74380,74],{"class":66},[53,74382,77],{"class":70},[53,74384,85],{"class":66},[53,74386,74387,74389,74391,74393,74395,74397,74399],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,74388,2117],{"class":59},[53,74390,31],{"class":63},[53,74392,96],{"class":59},[53,74394,73837],{"class":66},[53,74396,1912],{"class":63},[53,74398,71],{"class":70},[53,74400,85],{"class":66},[53,74402,74403],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,74404,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,74406,74407,74409,74411,74413],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,74408,145],{"class":144},[53,74410,127],{"class":66},[53,74412,150],{"class":102},[53,74414,133],{"class":66},[53,74416,74417,74419,74421,74423],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,74418,145],{"class":144},[53,74420,127],{"class":66},[53,74422,2152],{"class":102},[53,74424,133],{"class":66},[20,74426,301],{},[44,74428,74430],{"className":46,"code":74429,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74431,74432,74448],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,74433,74434,74436,74438,74440,74442,74444,74446],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,74435,311],{"class":66},[53,74437,815],{"class":70},[53,74439,74],{"class":66},[53,74441,5382],{"class":70},[53,74443,74],{"class":66},[53,74445,77],{"class":70},[53,74447,85],{"class":66},[53,74449,74450,74452,74454,74456,74458,74460,74462],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,74451,311],{"class":66},[53,74453,1589],{"class":70},[53,74455,74],{"class":66},[53,74457,5382],{"class":70},[53,74459,74],{"class":66},[53,74461,82],{"class":70},[53,74463,85],{"class":66},[1327,74465,74467],{"id":74466},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[194,74469,74470,74475,74480],{},[197,74471,174,74472,74474],{},[15,74473,73236],{}," when you want to change the original list",[197,74476,174,74477,74479],{},[15,74478,74358],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[197,74481,174,74482,74484],{},[15,74483,74139],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,74486,74487,74488,74494],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[758,74489,74491,74492,1316],{"href":74490},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,74493,64026],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[39,74496,1145,74498],{"id":74497},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,74499,73236],{},[20,74501,74502,74504],{},[15,74503,73236],{}," is a good choice:",[194,74506,74507,74510,74513],{},[197,74508,74509],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[197,74511,74512],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[197,74514,74515],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,74517,74518,74519,99],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[758,74520,74522],{"href":74521},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[39,74524,2716],{"id":2715},[20,74526,74527,74528,74530],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,74529,73236],{}," for these reasons:",[194,74532,74533,74537,74542,74547],{},[197,74534,12482,74535,12485],{},[15,74536,73236],{},[197,74538,8339,74539,74541],{},[15,74540,73236],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[197,74543,485,74544,74546],{},[15,74545,73236],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[197,74548,37078,74549,8591,74551],{},[15,74550,73236],{},[15,74552,74553],{},"reversed()",[20,74555,74556],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[44,74558,74560],{"className":46,"code":74559,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,74561,74562,74574],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,74563,74564,74566,74568,74570,74572],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,74565,34561],{"class":59},[53,74567,31],{"class":63},[53,74569,240],{"class":228},[53,74571,3732],{"class":232},[53,74573,1682],{"class":228},[53,74575,74576,74578,74580,74582],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,74577,34582],{"class":59},[53,74579,99],{"class":66},[53,74581,73292],{"class":102},[53,74583,106],{"class":66},[20,74585,74586,74587,33473],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,74588,73236],{},[20,74590,74591],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[44,74593,74595],{"className":46,"code":74594,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74596,74597,74617,74621,74631,74645,74649,74663,74673,74677],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,74598,74599,74601,74603,74605,74607,74609,74611,74613,74615],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,74600,8194],{"class":59},[53,74602,31],{"class":63},[53,74604,67],{"class":66},[53,74606,71],{"class":70},[53,74608,74],{"class":66},[53,74610,77],{"class":70},[53,74612,74],{"class":66},[53,74614,82],{"class":70},[53,74616,85],{"class":66},[53,74618,74619],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,74620,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,74622,74623,74625,74627,74629],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,74624,145],{"class":144},[53,74626,127],{"class":66},[53,74628,8225],{"class":102},[53,74630,133],{"class":66},[53,74632,74633,74635,74637,74639,74641,74643],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,74634,145],{"class":144},[53,74636,127],{"class":66},[53,74638,1705],{"class":1704},[53,74640,127],{"class":66},[53,74642,8225],{"class":102},[53,74644,1713],{"class":66},[53,74646,74647],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,74648,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,74650,74651,74653,74655,74657,74659,74661],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,74652,2117],{"class":59},[53,74654,31],{"class":63},[53,74656,8282],{"class":59},[53,74658,99],{"class":66},[53,74660,73292],{"class":102},[53,74662,106],{"class":66},[53,74664,74665,74667,74669,74671],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,74666,145],{"class":144},[53,74668,127],{"class":66},[53,74670,2152],{"class":102},[53,74672,133],{"class":66},[53,74674,74675],{"class":55,"line":6312},[53,74676,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,74678,74679,74681,74683,74685,74687,74689,74691],{"class":55,"line":6318},[53,74680,145],{"class":144},[53,74682,127],{"class":66},[53,74684,8225],{"class":102},[53,74686,73837],{"class":66},[53,74688,1912],{"class":63},[53,74690,71],{"class":70},[53,74692,3777],{"class":66},[20,74694,301],{},[44,74696,74698],{"className":46,"code":74697,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,74699,74700,74716,74730,74734],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,74701,74702,74704,74706,74708,74710,74712,74714],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,74703,311],{"class":66},[53,74705,71],{"class":70},[53,74707,74],{"class":66},[53,74709,77],{"class":70},[53,74711,74],{"class":66},[53,74713,82],{"class":70},[53,74715,85],{"class":66},[53,74717,74718,74720,74722,74724,74726,74728],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,74719,3178],{"class":63},[53,74721,3181],{"class":1954},[53,74723,323],{"class":228},[53,74725,7979],{"class":232},[53,74727,314],{"class":228},[53,74729,3190],{"class":63},[53,74731,74732],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,74733,11698],{"class":3739},[53,74735,74736,74738,74740,74742,74744,74746,74748],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,74737,311],{"class":66},[53,74739,71],{"class":70},[53,74741,74],{"class":66},[53,74743,77],{"class":70},[53,74745,74],{"class":66},[53,74747,5382],{"class":70},[53,74749,85],{"class":66},[20,74751,74752],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[44,74754,74756],{"className":46,"code":74755,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74757,74758,74778,74782,74792,74806,74810,74824,74834,74844],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,74759,74760,74762,74764,74766,74768,74770,74772,74774,74776],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,74761,8194],{"class":59},[53,74763,31],{"class":63},[53,74765,67],{"class":66},[53,74767,71],{"class":70},[53,74769,74],{"class":66},[53,74771,77],{"class":70},[53,74773,74],{"class":66},[53,74775,82],{"class":70},[53,74777,85],{"class":66},[53,74779,74780],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,74781,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,74783,74784,74786,74788,74790],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,74785,145],{"class":144},[53,74787,127],{"class":66},[53,74789,8225],{"class":102},[53,74791,133],{"class":66},[53,74793,74794,74796,74798,74800,74802,74804],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,74795,145],{"class":144},[53,74797,127],{"class":66},[53,74799,1705],{"class":1704},[53,74801,127],{"class":66},[53,74803,8225],{"class":102},[53,74805,1713],{"class":66},[53,74807,74808],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,74809,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,74811,74812,74814,74816,74818,74820,74822],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,74813,2117],{"class":59},[53,74815,31],{"class":63},[53,74817,8282],{"class":59},[53,74819,99],{"class":66},[53,74821,73292],{"class":102},[53,74823,106],{"class":66},[53,74825,74826,74828,74830,74832],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,74827,145],{"class":144},[53,74829,127],{"class":66},[53,74831,2152],{"class":102},[53,74833,133],{"class":66},[53,74835,74836,74838,74840,74842],{"class":55,"line":6312},[53,74837,145],{"class":144},[53,74839,127],{"class":66},[53,74841,8225],{"class":102},[53,74843,133],{"class":66},[53,74845,74846,74848,74850,74852,74854,74856,74858],{"class":55,"line":6318},[53,74847,145],{"class":144},[53,74849,127],{"class":66},[53,74851,8225],{"class":102},[53,74853,73837],{"class":66},[53,74855,1912],{"class":63},[53,74857,71],{"class":70},[53,74859,3777],{"class":66},[20,74861,301],{},[44,74863,74865],{"className":46,"code":74864,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74866,74867,74883,74897,74901,74917],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,74868,74869,74871,74873,74875,74877,74879,74881],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,74870,311],{"class":66},[53,74872,71],{"class":70},[53,74874,74],{"class":66},[53,74876,77],{"class":70},[53,74878,74],{"class":66},[53,74880,82],{"class":70},[53,74882,85],{"class":66},[53,74884,74885,74887,74889,74891,74893,74895],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,74886,3178],{"class":63},[53,74888,3181],{"class":1954},[53,74890,323],{"class":228},[53,74892,7979],{"class":232},[53,74894,314],{"class":228},[53,74896,3190],{"class":63},[53,74898,74899],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,74900,11698],{"class":3739},[53,74902,74903,74905,74907,74909,74911,74913,74915],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,74904,311],{"class":66},[53,74906,815],{"class":70},[53,74908,74],{"class":66},[53,74910,77],{"class":70},[53,74912,74],{"class":66},[53,74914,5382],{"class":70},[53,74916,85],{"class":66},[53,74918,74919,74921,74923,74925,74927,74929,74931],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,74920,311],{"class":66},[53,74922,71],{"class":70},[53,74924,74],{"class":66},[53,74926,77],{"class":70},[53,74928,74],{"class":66},[53,74930,82],{"class":70},[53,74932,85],{"class":66},[20,74934,74935],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[194,74937,74938,74947,74956],{},[197,74939,27666,74940,74943,74944],{},[15,74941,74942],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,74945,74946],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[197,74948,11806,74949,74952,74953,22429],{},[15,74950,74951],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[34,74954,74955],{},"current",[197,74957,74958,74959],{},"So it prints ",[15,74960,74961],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[39,74963,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,74965,1729,74967,55334],{"id":74966},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,74968,73241],{},[20,74970,62317,74971,99],{},[15,74972,3664],{},[1327,74974,34078,74976,34081,74978,1744],{"id":74975},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,74977,73236],{},[15,74979,74980],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,74982,74983,74985],{},[15,74984,73236],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,74987,74988,74990],{},[15,74989,74980],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[1327,74992,28199,74994,74996],{"id":74993},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,74995,73236],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,74998,46237,74999,75001],{},[15,75000,73236],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[1327,75003,75005],{"id":75004},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,75007,75008],{},"Use slicing:",[44,75010,75012],{"className":46,"code":75011,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,75013,75014],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,75015,75016,75018,75020,75022,75024],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,75017,8225],{"class":59},[53,75019,73837],{"class":66},[53,75021,1912],{"class":63},[53,75023,71],{"class":70},[53,75025,85],{"class":66},[20,75027,75028],{},"Or use:",[44,75030,75032],{"className":46,"code":75031,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,75033,75034],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,75035,75036,75038,75040,75043,75045,75047],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,75037,7979],{"class":1704},[53,75039,127],{"class":66},[53,75041,75042],{"class":144},"reversed",[53,75044,127],{"class":66},[53,75046,8225],{"class":102},[53,75048,1713],{"class":66},[20,75050,75051,75052,75056],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[758,75053,1312,75054],{"href":54825},[15,75055,17],{}," can also help.",[39,75058,1788],{"id":1787},[194,75060,75061,75067,75073,75077,75081],{},[197,75062,75063],{},[758,75064,1312,75065,1316],{"href":74490},[15,75066,64026],{},[197,75068,75069],{},[758,75070,3463,75071,3396],{"href":74236},[15,75072,74139],{},[197,75074,75075],{},[758,75076,74522],{"href":74521},[197,75078,75079],{},[758,75080,73937],{"href":73254},[197,75082,75083],{},[758,75084,1312,75085,1316],{"href":54825},[15,75086,17],{},[1817,75088,75089],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":75091},[75092,75093,75095,75096,75097,75099,75100,75107,75109,75110,75119],{"id":3496,"depth":88,"text":3497},{"id":73315,"depth":88,"text":75094},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372},{"id":11363,"depth":88,"text":11364},{"id":73674,"depth":88,"text":75098},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":73940,"depth":88,"text":73941},{"id":74134,"depth":88,"text":75101,"children":75102},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75103,75104,75105,75106],{"id":73292,"depth":109,"text":73236},{"id":74229,"depth":109,"text":74139},{"id":74351,"depth":109,"text":74352},{"id":74466,"depth":109,"text":74467},{"id":74497,"depth":88,"text":75108},"When to use reverse()",{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":75111},[75112,75114,75116,75118],{"id":74966,"depth":109,"text":75113},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":74975,"depth":109,"text":75115},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":74993,"depth":109,"text":75117},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75004,"depth":109,"text":75005},{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73228,"description":75120},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75127,"title":75128,"body":75129,"description":77562,"extension":1853,"meta":77563,"navigation":112,"path":77564,"seo":77565,"stem":77566,"__hash__":77567},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75130,"toc":77530},[75131,75134,75146,75149,75172,75180,75182,75294,75303,75307,75310,75313,75400,75402,75435,75437,75460,75466,75470,75473,75495,75497,75514,75517,75537,75539,75649,75651,75728,75732,75735,75778,75780,75913,75915,76017,76022,76026,76029,76031,76045,76048,76162,76164,76238,76240,76268,76272,76277,76307,76310,76436,76438,76520,76526,76530,76532,76571,76580,76584,76587,76591,76638,76640,76648,76652,76703,76705,76718,76720,76734,76737,76745,76747,76794,76796,76804,76807,76850,76855,76858,76861,76884,76888,76939,76942,76963,76973,76977,76979,77009,77012,77035,77039,77042,77109,77111,77148,77151,77159,77226,77228,77265,77271,77278,77282,77285,77315,77320,77324,77327,77351,77354,77448,77458,77460,77464,77467,77471,77474,77479,77482,77488,77491,77493,77521,77527],[10,75132,75128],{"id":75133},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,75135,75136,75137,2076,75139,16942,75142,75145],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,75138,35948],{},[15,75140,75141],{},"stop",[15,75143,75144],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,75147,75148],{},"The basic slice form is:",[44,75150,75152],{"className":46,"code":75151,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,75153,75154],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,75155,75156,75158,75160,75162,75164,75166,75168,75170],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,75157,8225],{"class":59},[53,75159,311],{"class":66},[53,75161,35948],{"class":59},[53,75163,192],{"class":66},[53,75165,75141],{"class":59},[53,75167,192],{"class":66},[53,75169,75144],{"class":59},[53,75171,85],{"class":66},[20,75173,75174,75175,75177,75178,99],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,75176,75141],{}," position is ",[34,75179,64784],{},[39,75181,42],{"id":41},[44,75183,75185],{"className":46,"code":75184,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75186,75187,75215,75219,75240,75258,75275],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,75188,75189,75191,75193,75195,75197,75199,75201,75203,75205,75207,75209,75211,75213],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,75190,60],{"class":59},[53,75192,31],{"class":63},[53,75194,67],{"class":66},[53,75196,1188],{"class":70},[53,75198,74],{"class":66},[53,75200,1193],{"class":70},[53,75202,74],{"class":66},[53,75204,1198],{"class":70},[53,75206,74],{"class":66},[53,75208,1287],{"class":70},[53,75210,74],{"class":66},[53,75212,4964],{"class":70},[53,75214,85],{"class":66},[53,75216,75217],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,75218,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,75220,75221,75223,75225,75227,75229,75231,75233,75235,75237],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,75222,145],{"class":144},[53,75224,127],{"class":66},[53,75226,150],{"class":102},[53,75228,311],{"class":66},[53,75230,71],{"class":70},[53,75232,192],{"class":66},[53,75234,130],{"class":70},[53,75236,20314],{"class":66},[53,75238,75239],{"class":156},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[53,75241,75242,75244,75246,75248,75251,75253,75255],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,75243,145],{"class":144},[53,75245,127],{"class":66},[53,75247,150],{"class":102},[53,75249,75250],{"class":66},"[:",[53,75252,815],{"class":70},[53,75254,20314],{"class":66},[53,75256,75257],{"class":156},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[53,75259,75260,75262,75264,75266,75268,75270,75272],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,75261,145],{"class":144},[53,75263,127],{"class":66},[53,75265,150],{"class":102},[53,75267,73837],{"class":66},[53,75269,1589],{"class":70},[53,75271,20314],{"class":66},[53,75273,75274],{"class":156},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[53,75276,75277,75279,75281,75283,75285,75287,75289,75291],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,75278,145],{"class":144},[53,75280,127],{"class":66},[53,75282,150],{"class":102},[53,75284,73837],{"class":66},[53,75286,1912],{"class":63},[53,75288,71],{"class":70},[53,75290,20314],{"class":66},[53,75292,75293],{"class":156},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,75295,174,75296,75299,75300,75302],{},[15,75297,75298],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,75301,75141],{}," value is not included.",[39,75304,75306],{"id":75305},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,75308,75309],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,75311,75312],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[44,75314,75316],{"className":46,"code":75315,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,75317,75318,75366,75370,75389],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,75319,75320,75322,75324,75326,75328,75330,75332,75334,75336,75338,75340,75342,75344,75346,75348,75350,75352,75354,75356,75358,75360,75362,75364],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,75321,35966],{"class":59},[53,75323,31],{"class":63},[53,75325,67],{"class":66},[53,75327,229],{"class":228},[53,75329,758],{"class":232},[53,75331,229],{"class":228},[53,75333,74],{"class":66},[53,75335,240],{"class":228},[53,75337,1376],{"class":232},[53,75339,229],{"class":228},[53,75341,74],{"class":66},[53,75343,240],{"class":228},[53,75345,9628],{"class":232},[53,75347,229],{"class":228},[53,75349,74],{"class":66},[53,75351,240],{"class":228},[53,75353,18635],{"class":232},[53,75355,229],{"class":228},[53,75357,74],{"class":66},[53,75359,240],{"class":228},[53,75361,60161],{"class":232},[53,75363,229],{"class":228},[53,75365,85],{"class":66},[53,75367,75368],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,75369,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,75371,75372,75375,75377,75379,75381,75383,75385,75387],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,75373,75374],{"class":59},"part ",[53,75376,31],{"class":63},[53,75378,69811],{"class":59},[53,75380,311],{"class":66},[53,75382,71],{"class":70},[53,75384,192],{"class":66},[53,75386,130],{"class":70},[53,75388,85],{"class":66},[53,75390,75391,75393,75395,75398],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,75392,145],{"class":144},[53,75394,127],{"class":66},[53,75396,75397],{"class":102},"part",[53,75399,133],{"class":66},[20,75401,301],{},[44,75403,75405],{"className":46,"code":75404,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75406,75407],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,75408,75409,75411,75413,75415,75417,75419,75421,75423,75425,75427,75429,75431,75433],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,75410,311],{"class":66},[53,75412,314],{"class":228},[53,75414,1376],{"class":232},[53,75416,314],{"class":228},[53,75418,74],{"class":66},[53,75420,323],{"class":228},[53,75422,9628],{"class":232},[53,75424,314],{"class":228},[53,75426,74],{"class":66},[53,75428,323],{"class":228},[53,75430,18635],{"class":232},[53,75432,314],{"class":228},[53,75434,85],{"class":66},[20,75436,12936],{},[194,75438,75439,75442,75445,75451,75457],{},[197,75440,75441],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[197,75443,75444],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[197,75446,75447,75448],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75449,75450],{},"list[start:stop]",[197,75452,75453,75454,75456],{},"The item at ",[15,75455,75141],{}," is not included",[197,75458,75459],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,75461,75462,75463,99],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[758,75464,75465],{"href":760},"beginner guide to Python lists",[39,75467,75469],{"id":75468},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,75471,75472],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[44,75474,75475],{"className":46,"code":75151,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,75476,75477],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,75478,75479,75481,75483,75485,75487,75489,75491,75493],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,75480,8225],{"class":59},[53,75482,311],{"class":66},[53,75484,35948],{"class":59},[53,75486,192],{"class":66},[53,75488,75141],{"class":59},[53,75490,192],{"class":66},[53,75492,75144],{"class":59},[53,75494,85],{"class":66},[20,75496,64760],{},[194,75498,75499,75504,75509],{},[197,75500,75501,75503],{},[15,75502,35948],{}," is where slicing begins",[197,75505,75506,75508],{},[15,75507,75141],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[197,75510,75511,75513],{},[15,75512,75144],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,75515,75516],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[194,75518,75519,75525,75530],{},[197,75520,75521,75522,75524],{},"Missing ",[15,75523,35948],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[197,75526,75521,75527,75529],{},[15,75528,75141],{}," means go to the end of the list",[197,75531,75521,75532,75534,75535],{},[15,75533,75144],{}," means use ",[15,75536,71],{},[20,75538,211],{},[44,75540,75542],{"className":46,"code":75541,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,75543,75544,75572,75576,75597,75614,75632],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,75545,75546,75548,75550,75552,75554,75556,75558,75560,75562,75564,75566,75568,75570],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,75547,60],{"class":59},[53,75549,31],{"class":63},[53,75551,67],{"class":66},[53,75553,1188],{"class":70},[53,75555,74],{"class":66},[53,75557,1193],{"class":70},[53,75559,74],{"class":66},[53,75561,1198],{"class":70},[53,75563,74],{"class":66},[53,75565,1287],{"class":70},[53,75567,74],{"class":66},[53,75569,4964],{"class":70},[53,75571,85],{"class":66},[53,75573,75574],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,75575,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,75577,75578,75580,75582,75584,75586,75588,75590,75592,75594],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,75579,145],{"class":144},[53,75581,127],{"class":66},[53,75583,150],{"class":102},[53,75585,311],{"class":66},[53,75587,71],{"class":70},[53,75589,192],{"class":66},[53,75591,130],{"class":70},[53,75593,20314],{"class":66},[53,75595,75596],{"class":156},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[53,75598,75599,75601,75603,75605,75607,75609,75611],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,75600,145],{"class":144},[53,75602,127],{"class":66},[53,75604,150],{"class":102},[53,75606,75250],{"class":66},[53,75608,815],{"class":70},[53,75610,20314],{"class":66},[53,75612,75613],{"class":156},"    # start from the beginning\n",[53,75615,75616,75618,75620,75622,75624,75626,75629],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,75617,145],{"class":144},[53,75619,127],{"class":66},[53,75621,150],{"class":102},[53,75623,311],{"class":66},[53,75625,1589],{"class":70},[53,75627,75628],{"class":66},":])",[53,75630,75631],{"class":156},"    # go to the end\n",[53,75633,75634,75636,75638,75640,75642,75644,75646],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,75635,145],{"class":144},[53,75637,127],{"class":66},[53,75639,150],{"class":102},[53,75641,73837],{"class":66},[53,75643,71],{"class":70},[53,75645,20314],{"class":66},[53,75647,75648],{"class":156},"   # step of 1\n",[20,75650,301],{},[44,75652,75654],{"className":46,"code":75653,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,75655,75656,75672,75688,75704],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,75657,75658,75660,75662,75664,75666,75668,75670],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,75659,311],{"class":66},[53,75661,15625],{"class":70},[53,75663,74],{"class":66},[53,75665,1198],{"class":70},[53,75667,74],{"class":66},[53,75669,1287],{"class":70},[53,75671,85],{"class":66},[53,75673,75674,75676,75678,75680,75682,75684,75686],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,75675,311],{"class":66},[53,75677,1188],{"class":70},[53,75679,74],{"class":66},[53,75681,1193],{"class":70},[53,75683,74],{"class":66},[53,75685,1198],{"class":70},[53,75687,85],{"class":66},[53,75689,75690,75692,75694,75696,75698,75700,75702],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,75691,311],{"class":66},[53,75693,36715],{"class":70},[53,75695,74],{"class":66},[53,75697,1287],{"class":70},[53,75699,74],{"class":66},[53,75701,4964],{"class":70},[53,75703,85],{"class":66},[53,75705,75706,75708,75710,75712,75714,75716,75718,75720,75722,75724,75726],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,75707,311],{"class":66},[53,75709,1188],{"class":70},[53,75711,74],{"class":66},[53,75713,1193],{"class":70},[53,75715,74],{"class":66},[53,75717,1198],{"class":70},[53,75719,74],{"class":66},[53,75721,1287],{"class":70},[53,75723,74],{"class":66},[53,75725,4964],{"class":70},[53,75727,85],{"class":66},[39,75729,75731],{"id":75730},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,75733,75734],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[194,75736,75737,75746,75755,75766,75772],{},[197,75738,75739,75742,75743,5851],{},[15,75740,75741],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,75744,75745],{},"n",[197,75747,75748,75751,75752,75754],{},[15,75749,75750],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,75753,75745],{}," to the end",[197,75756,75757,75760,75761,75763,75764],{},[15,75758,75759],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,75762,758],{}," up to ",[15,75765,1376],{},[197,75767,75768,75771],{},[15,75769,75770],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[197,75773,75774,75777],{},[15,75775,75776],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,75779,211],{},[44,75781,75783],{"className":46,"code":75782,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,75784,75785,75818,75822,75839,75856,75877,75894],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,75786,75787,75789,75791,75793,75795,75797,75799,75801,75803,75805,75807,75809,75811,75813,75816],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,75788,60],{"class":59},[53,75790,31],{"class":63},[53,75792,67],{"class":66},[53,75794,1188],{"class":70},[53,75796,74],{"class":66},[53,75798,1193],{"class":70},[53,75800,74],{"class":66},[53,75802,1198],{"class":70},[53,75804,74],{"class":66},[53,75806,1287],{"class":70},[53,75808,74],{"class":66},[53,75810,4964],{"class":70},[53,75812,74],{"class":66},[53,75814,75815],{"class":70}," 60",[53,75817,85],{"class":66},[53,75819,75820],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,75821,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,75823,75824,75826,75828,75830,75832,75834,75836],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,75825,145],{"class":144},[53,75827,127],{"class":66},[53,75829,150],{"class":102},[53,75831,75250],{"class":66},[53,75833,815],{"class":70},[53,75835,20314],{"class":66},[53,75837,75838],{"class":156},"    # first 3 items\n",[53,75840,75841,75843,75845,75847,75849,75851,75853],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,75842,145],{"class":144},[53,75844,127],{"class":66},[53,75846,150],{"class":102},[53,75848,311],{"class":66},[53,75850,815],{"class":70},[53,75852,75628],{"class":66},[53,75854,75855],{"class":156},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[53,75857,75858,75860,75862,75864,75866,75868,75870,75872,75874],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,75859,145],{"class":144},[53,75861,127],{"class":66},[53,75863,150],{"class":102},[53,75865,311],{"class":66},[53,75867,71],{"class":70},[53,75869,192],{"class":66},[53,75871,2024],{"class":70},[53,75873,20314],{"class":66},[53,75875,75876],{"class":156},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[53,75878,75879,75881,75883,75885,75887,75889,75891],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,75880,145],{"class":144},[53,75882,127],{"class":66},[53,75884,150],{"class":102},[53,75886,73837],{"class":66},[53,75888,1589],{"class":70},[53,75890,20314],{"class":66},[53,75892,75893],{"class":156},"   # every second item\n",[53,75895,75896,75898,75900,75902,75904,75906,75908,75910],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,75897,145],{"class":144},[53,75899,127],{"class":66},[53,75901,150],{"class":102},[53,75903,73837],{"class":66},[53,75905,1912],{"class":63},[53,75907,71],{"class":70},[53,75909,20314],{"class":66},[53,75911,75912],{"class":156},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,75914,301],{},[44,75916,75918],{"className":46,"code":75917,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75919,75920,75936,75952,75972,75988],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,75921,75922,75924,75926,75928,75930,75932,75934],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,75923,311],{"class":66},[53,75925,1188],{"class":70},[53,75927,74],{"class":66},[53,75929,1193],{"class":70},[53,75931,74],{"class":66},[53,75933,1198],{"class":70},[53,75935,85],{"class":66},[53,75937,75938,75940,75942,75944,75946,75948,75950],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,75939,311],{"class":66},[53,75941,1234],{"class":70},[53,75943,74],{"class":66},[53,75945,4964],{"class":70},[53,75947,74],{"class":66},[53,75949,75815],{"class":70},[53,75951,85],{"class":66},[53,75953,75954,75956,75958,75960,75962,75964,75966,75968,75970],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,75955,311],{"class":66},[53,75957,15625],{"class":70},[53,75959,74],{"class":66},[53,75961,1198],{"class":70},[53,75963,74],{"class":66},[53,75965,1287],{"class":70},[53,75967,74],{"class":66},[53,75969,4964],{"class":70},[53,75971,85],{"class":66},[53,75973,75974,75976,75978,75980,75982,75984,75986],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,75975,311],{"class":66},[53,75977,1188],{"class":70},[53,75979,74],{"class":66},[53,75981,1198],{"class":70},[53,75983,74],{"class":66},[53,75985,4964],{"class":70},[53,75987,85],{"class":66},[53,75989,75990,75992,75995,75997,75999,76001,76003,76005,76007,76009,76011,76013,76015],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,75991,311],{"class":66},[53,75993,75994],{"class":70},"60",[53,75996,74],{"class":66},[53,75998,4964],{"class":70},[53,76000,74],{"class":66},[53,76002,1287],{"class":70},[53,76004,74],{"class":66},[53,76006,1198],{"class":70},[53,76008,74],{"class":66},[53,76010,1193],{"class":70},[53,76012,74],{"class":66},[53,76014,5890],{"class":70},[53,76016,85],{"class":66},[20,76018,76019,76020,99],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[758,76021,14761],{"href":1795},[39,76023,76025],{"id":76024},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,76027,76028],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,76030,5356],{},[194,76032,76033,76039],{},[197,76034,76035,76038],{},[15,76036,76037],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[197,76040,76041,76044],{},[15,76042,76043],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,76046,76047],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[44,76049,76051],{"className":46,"code":76050,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,76052,76053,76101,76105,76124,76143],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76054,76055,76057,76059,76061,76063,76065,76067,76069,76071,76073,76075,76077,76079,76081,76083,76085,76087,76089,76091,76093,76095,76097,76099],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76056,35966],{"class":59},[53,76058,31],{"class":63},[53,76060,67],{"class":66},[53,76062,229],{"class":228},[53,76064,758],{"class":232},[53,76066,229],{"class":228},[53,76068,74],{"class":66},[53,76070,240],{"class":228},[53,76072,1376],{"class":232},[53,76074,229],{"class":228},[53,76076,74],{"class":66},[53,76078,240],{"class":228},[53,76080,9628],{"class":232},[53,76082,229],{"class":228},[53,76084,74],{"class":66},[53,76086,240],{"class":228},[53,76088,18635],{"class":232},[53,76090,229],{"class":228},[53,76092,74],{"class":66},[53,76094,240],{"class":228},[53,76096,60161],{"class":232},[53,76098,229],{"class":228},[53,76100,85],{"class":66},[53,76102,76103],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,76104,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,76106,76107,76109,76111,76113,76115,76117,76119,76121],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,76108,145],{"class":144},[53,76110,127],{"class":66},[53,76112,36019],{"class":102},[53,76114,311],{"class":66},[53,76116,1912],{"class":63},[53,76118,71],{"class":70},[53,76120,20314],{"class":66},[53,76122,76123],{"class":156},"    # last item\n",[53,76125,76126,76128,76130,76132,76134,76136,76138,76140],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,76127,145],{"class":144},[53,76129,127],{"class":66},[53,76131,36019],{"class":102},[53,76133,311],{"class":66},[53,76135,1912],{"class":63},[53,76137,815],{"class":70},[53,76139,75628],{"class":66},[53,76141,76142],{"class":156},"   # last 3 items\n",[53,76144,76145,76147,76149,76151,76153,76155,76157,76159],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,76146,145],{"class":144},[53,76148,127],{"class":66},[53,76150,36019],{"class":102},[53,76152,75250],{"class":66},[53,76154,1912],{"class":63},[53,76156,71],{"class":70},[53,76158,20314],{"class":66},[53,76160,76161],{"class":156},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,76163,301],{},[44,76165,76167],{"className":46,"code":76166,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76168,76169,76174,76202],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76170,76171],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76172,76173],{"class":59},"e\n",[53,76175,76176,76178,76180,76182,76184,76186,76188,76190,76192,76194,76196,76198,76200],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,76177,311],{"class":66},[53,76179,314],{"class":228},[53,76181,9628],{"class":232},[53,76183,314],{"class":228},[53,76185,74],{"class":66},[53,76187,323],{"class":228},[53,76189,18635],{"class":232},[53,76191,314],{"class":228},[53,76193,74],{"class":66},[53,76195,323],{"class":228},[53,76197,60161],{"class":232},[53,76199,314],{"class":228},[53,76201,85],{"class":66},[53,76203,76204,76206,76208,76210,76212,76214,76216,76218,76220,76222,76224,76226,76228,76230,76232,76234,76236],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,76205,311],{"class":66},[53,76207,314],{"class":228},[53,76209,758],{"class":232},[53,76211,314],{"class":228},[53,76213,74],{"class":66},[53,76215,323],{"class":228},[53,76217,1376],{"class":232},[53,76219,314],{"class":228},[53,76221,74],{"class":66},[53,76223,323],{"class":228},[53,76225,9628],{"class":232},[53,76227,314],{"class":228},[53,76229,74],{"class":66},[53,76231,323],{"class":228},[53,76233,18635],{"class":232},[53,76235,314],{"class":228},[53,76237,85],{"class":66},[20,76239,12936],{},[194,76241,76242,76245,76249,76255,76261],{},[197,76243,76244],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[197,76246,76247,76038],{},[15,76248,76037],{},[197,76250,76251,76254],{},[15,76252,76253],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[197,76256,76257,76260],{},[15,76258,76259],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[197,76262,76263,76264,960,76266],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,76265,35948],{},[15,76267,75141],{},[39,76269,76271],{"id":76270},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,76273,1870,76274,76276],{},[15,76275,75144],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[194,76278,76279,76282,76285,76290,76300],{},[197,76280,76281],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[197,76283,76284],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[197,76286,76287,76289],{},[15,76288,75776],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[197,76291,8762,76292,76294,76295,76297,76298],{},[15,76293,75144],{}," is negative, ",[15,76296,35948],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,76299,75141],{},[197,76301,76302,76304,76305],{},[15,76303,75144],{}," cannot be ",[15,76306,852],{},[20,76308,76309],{},"Example with different step values:",[44,76311,76313],{"className":46,"code":76312,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,76314,76315,76347,76351,76368,76390,76409],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76316,76317,76319,76321,76323,76325,76327,76329,76331,76333,76335,76337,76339,76341,76343,76345],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76318,60],{"class":59},[53,76320,31],{"class":63},[53,76322,67],{"class":66},[53,76324,1188],{"class":70},[53,76326,74],{"class":66},[53,76328,1193],{"class":70},[53,76330,74],{"class":66},[53,76332,1198],{"class":70},[53,76334,74],{"class":66},[53,76336,1287],{"class":70},[53,76338,74],{"class":66},[53,76340,4964],{"class":70},[53,76342,74],{"class":66},[53,76344,75815],{"class":70},[53,76346,85],{"class":66},[53,76348,76349],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,76350,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,76352,76353,76355,76357,76359,76361,76363,76365],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,76354,145],{"class":144},[53,76356,127],{"class":66},[53,76358,150],{"class":102},[53,76360,73837],{"class":66},[53,76362,1589],{"class":70},[53,76364,20314],{"class":66},[53,76366,76367],{"class":156},"     # every second item\n",[53,76369,76370,76372,76374,76376,76378,76380,76383,76385,76387],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,76371,145],{"class":144},[53,76373,127],{"class":66},[53,76375,150],{"class":102},[53,76377,311],{"class":66},[53,76379,71],{"class":70},[53,76381,76382],{"class":66},"::",[53,76384,1589],{"class":70},[53,76386,20314],{"class":66},[53,76388,76389],{"class":156},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[53,76391,76392,76394,76396,76398,76400,76402,76404,76406],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,76393,145],{"class":144},[53,76395,127],{"class":66},[53,76397,150],{"class":102},[53,76399,73837],{"class":66},[53,76401,1912],{"class":63},[53,76403,71],{"class":70},[53,76405,20314],{"class":66},[53,76407,76408],{"class":156},"    # reverse the list\n",[53,76410,76411,76413,76415,76417,76419,76421,76423,76425,76427,76429,76431,76433],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,76412,145],{"class":144},[53,76414,127],{"class":66},[53,76416,150],{"class":102},[53,76418,311],{"class":66},[53,76420,130],{"class":70},[53,76422,192],{"class":66},[53,76424,71],{"class":70},[53,76426,192],{"class":66},[53,76428,1912],{"class":63},[53,76430,71],{"class":70},[53,76432,20314],{"class":66},[53,76434,76435],{"class":156},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76437,301],{},[44,76439,76441],{"className":46,"code":76440,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76442,76443,76459,76475,76503],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76444,76445,76447,76449,76451,76453,76455,76457],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76446,311],{"class":66},[53,76448,1188],{"class":70},[53,76450,74],{"class":66},[53,76452,1198],{"class":70},[53,76454,74],{"class":66},[53,76456,4964],{"class":70},[53,76458,85],{"class":66},[53,76460,76461,76463,76465,76467,76469,76471,76473],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,76462,311],{"class":66},[53,76464,15625],{"class":70},[53,76466,74],{"class":66},[53,76468,1287],{"class":70},[53,76470,74],{"class":66},[53,76472,75815],{"class":70},[53,76474,85],{"class":66},[53,76476,76477,76479,76481,76483,76485,76487,76489,76491,76493,76495,76497,76499,76501],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,76478,311],{"class":66},[53,76480,75994],{"class":70},[53,76482,74],{"class":66},[53,76484,4964],{"class":70},[53,76486,74],{"class":66},[53,76488,1287],{"class":70},[53,76490,74],{"class":66},[53,76492,1198],{"class":70},[53,76494,74],{"class":66},[53,76496,1193],{"class":70},[53,76498,74],{"class":66},[53,76500,5890],{"class":70},[53,76502,85],{"class":66},[53,76504,76505,76507,76510,76512,76514,76516,76518],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,76506,311],{"class":66},[53,76508,76509],{"class":70},"50",[53,76511,74],{"class":66},[53,76513,1287],{"class":70},[53,76515,74],{"class":66},[53,76517,1198],{"class":70},[53,76519,85],{"class":66},[20,76521,76522,76523,99],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[758,76524,76525],{"href":74521},"how to reverse a list in Python",[1327,76527,76529],{"id":76528},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,76531,2723],{},[44,76533,76535],{"className":46,"code":76534,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76536,76537,76557],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76538,76539,76541,76543,76545,76547,76549,76551,76553,76555],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76540,60],{"class":59},[53,76542,31],{"class":63},[53,76544,67],{"class":66},[53,76546,71],{"class":70},[53,76548,74],{"class":66},[53,76550,77],{"class":70},[53,76552,74],{"class":66},[53,76554,82],{"class":70},[53,76556,85],{"class":66},[53,76558,76559,76561,76563,76565,76567,76569],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,76560,145],{"class":144},[53,76562,127],{"class":66},[53,76564,150],{"class":102},[53,76566,73837],{"class":66},[53,76568,852],{"class":70},[53,76570,3777],{"class":66},[20,76572,76573,76574,76576,76577,76579],{},"Python raises a ",[15,76575,40576],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,76578,852],{}," does not make sense.",[39,76581,76583],{"id":76582},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,76585,76586],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[1327,76588,76590],{"id":76589},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[44,76592,76594],{"className":46,"code":76593,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,76595,76596,76620,76624],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76597,76598,76600,76602,76604,76606,76608,76610,76612,76614,76616,76618],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76599,60],{"class":59},[53,76601,31],{"class":63},[53,76603,67],{"class":66},[53,76605,1188],{"class":70},[53,76607,74],{"class":66},[53,76609,1193],{"class":70},[53,76611,74],{"class":66},[53,76613,1198],{"class":70},[53,76615,74],{"class":66},[53,76617,1287],{"class":70},[53,76619,85],{"class":66},[53,76621,76622],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,76623,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,76625,76626,76628,76630,76632,76634,76636],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,76627,145],{"class":144},[53,76629,127],{"class":66},[53,76631,150],{"class":102},[53,76633,311],{"class":66},[53,76635,1589],{"class":70},[53,76637,3777],{"class":66},[20,76639,301],{},[44,76641,76642],{"className":46,"code":69555,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,76643,76644],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76645,76646],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76647,69555],{"class":70},[1327,76649,76651],{"id":76650},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[44,76653,76655],{"className":46,"code":76654,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,76656,76657,76681,76685],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76658,76659,76661,76663,76665,76667,76669,76671,76673,76675,76677,76679],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76660,60],{"class":59},[53,76662,31],{"class":63},[53,76664,67],{"class":66},[53,76666,1188],{"class":70},[53,76668,74],{"class":66},[53,76670,1193],{"class":70},[53,76672,74],{"class":66},[53,76674,1198],{"class":70},[53,76676,74],{"class":66},[53,76678,1287],{"class":70},[53,76680,85],{"class":66},[53,76682,76683],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,76684,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,76686,76687,76689,76691,76693,76695,76697,76699,76701],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,76688,145],{"class":144},[53,76690,127],{"class":66},[53,76692,150],{"class":102},[53,76694,311],{"class":66},[53,76696,1589],{"class":70},[53,76698,192],{"class":66},[53,76700,815],{"class":70},[53,76702,3777],{"class":66},[20,76704,301],{},[44,76706,76708],{"className":46,"code":76707,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[30]\n",[15,76709,76710],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76711,76712,76714,76716],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76713,311],{"class":66},[53,76715,36715],{"class":70},[53,76717,85],{"class":66},[20,76719,13640],{},[194,76721,76722,76728],{},[197,76723,76724,76727],{},[15,76725,76726],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[197,76729,76730,76733],{},[15,76731,76732],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,76735,76736],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[194,76738,76739,76742],{},[197,76740,76741],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[197,76743,76744],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,76746,211],{},[44,76748,76750],{"className":46,"code":76749,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,76751,76752,76772,76776],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76753,76754,76756,76758,76760,76762,76764,76766,76768,76770],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76755,60],{"class":59},[53,76757,31],{"class":63},[53,76759,67],{"class":66},[53,76761,1188],{"class":70},[53,76763,74],{"class":66},[53,76765,1193],{"class":70},[53,76767,74],{"class":66},[53,76769,1198],{"class":70},[53,76771,85],{"class":66},[53,76773,76774],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,76775,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,76777,76778,76780,76782,76784,76786,76788,76790,76792],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,76779,145],{"class":144},[53,76781,127],{"class":66},[53,76783,150],{"class":102},[53,76785,311],{"class":66},[53,76787,2024],{"class":70},[53,76789,192],{"class":66},[53,76791,1188],{"class":70},[53,76793,3777],{"class":66},[20,76795,301],{},[44,76797,76798],{"className":46,"code":467,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,76799,76800],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76801,76802],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76803,467],{"class":66},[20,76805,76806],{},"But this would raise an error:",[44,76808,76810],{"className":46,"code":76809,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,76811,76812,76832,76836],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76813,76814,76816,76818,76820,76822,76824,76826,76828,76830],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76815,60],{"class":59},[53,76817,31],{"class":63},[53,76819,67],{"class":66},[53,76821,1188],{"class":70},[53,76823,74],{"class":66},[53,76825,1193],{"class":70},[53,76827,74],{"class":66},[53,76829,1198],{"class":70},[53,76831,85],{"class":66},[53,76833,76834],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,76835,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,76837,76838,76840,76842,76844,76846,76848],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,76839,145],{"class":144},[53,76841,127],{"class":66},[53,76843,150],{"class":102},[53,76845,311],{"class":66},[53,76847,2024],{"class":70},[53,76849,3777],{"class":66},[20,76851,76852,76853,99],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[758,76854,68974],{"href":68973},[39,76856,15047],{"id":76857},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,76859,76860],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[194,76862,76863,76867,76869,76872,76878],{},[197,76864,4590,76865,75456],{},[15,76866,75141],{},[197,76868,60406],{},[197,76870,76871],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[197,76873,37078,76874,8591,76876],{},[15,76875,75776],{},[15,76877,73241],{},[197,76879,76880,76881,76883],{},"Using step ",[15,76882,852],{},", which causes an error",[1327,76885,76887],{"id":76886},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[44,76889,76891],{"className":46,"code":76890,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,76892,76893,76921],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76894,76895,76897,76899,76901,76903,76905,76907,76909,76911,76913,76915,76917,76919],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76896,60],{"class":59},[53,76898,31],{"class":63},[53,76900,67],{"class":66},[53,76902,1188],{"class":70},[53,76904,74],{"class":66},[53,76906,1193],{"class":70},[53,76908,74],{"class":66},[53,76910,1198],{"class":70},[53,76912,74],{"class":66},[53,76914,1287],{"class":70},[53,76916,74],{"class":66},[53,76918,4964],{"class":70},[53,76920,85],{"class":66},[53,76922,76923,76925,76927,76929,76931,76933,76935,76937],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,76924,145],{"class":144},[53,76926,127],{"class":66},[53,76928,150],{"class":102},[53,76930,311],{"class":66},[53,76932,71],{"class":70},[53,76934,192],{"class":66},[53,76936,130],{"class":70},[53,76938,3777],{"class":66},[20,76940,76941],{},"This returns:",[44,76943,76945],{"className":46,"code":76944,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,76946,76947],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76948,76949,76951,76953,76955,76957,76959,76961],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76950,311],{"class":66},[53,76952,15625],{"class":70},[53,76954,74],{"class":66},[53,76956,1198],{"class":70},[53,76958,74],{"class":66},[53,76960,1287],{"class":70},[53,76962,85],{"class":66},[20,76964,1006,76965,76967,76968,76970,76971,99],{},[34,76966,36],{}," include ",[15,76969,76509],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,76972,130],{},[1327,76974,76976],{"id":76975},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,76978,16514],{},[44,76980,76982],{"className":46,"code":76981,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,76983,76984,77004],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76985,76986,76988,76990,76992,76994,76996,76998,77000,77002],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76987,60],{"class":59},[53,76989,31],{"class":63},[53,76991,67],{"class":66},[53,76993,1188],{"class":70},[53,76995,74],{"class":66},[53,76997,1193],{"class":70},[53,76999,74],{"class":66},[53,77001,1198],{"class":70},[53,77003,85],{"class":66},[53,77005,77006],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,77007,77008],{"class":156},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,77010,77011],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[44,77013,77015],{"className":46,"code":77014,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,77016,77017],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77018,77019,77021,77023,77025,77027,77029,77031,77033],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77020,145],{"class":144},[53,77022,127],{"class":66},[53,77024,150],{"class":102},[53,77026,311],{"class":66},[53,77028,71],{"class":70},[53,77030,192],{"class":66},[53,77032,815],{"class":70},[53,77034,3777],{"class":66},[1327,77036,77038],{"id":77037},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,77040,77041],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[44,77043,77045],{"className":46,"code":77044,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77046,77047,77071,77085,77089,77099],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77048,77049,77051,77053,77055,77057,77059,77061,77063,77065,77067,77069],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77050,60],{"class":59},[53,77052,31],{"class":63},[53,77054,67],{"class":66},[53,77056,1188],{"class":70},[53,77058,74],{"class":66},[53,77060,1193],{"class":70},[53,77062,74],{"class":66},[53,77064,1198],{"class":70},[53,77066,74],{"class":66},[53,77068,1287],{"class":70},[53,77070,85],{"class":66},[53,77072,77073,77075,77077,77079,77081,77083],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,77074,75374],{"class":59},[53,77076,31],{"class":63},[53,77078,96],{"class":59},[53,77080,75250],{"class":66},[53,77082,1589],{"class":70},[53,77084,85],{"class":66},[53,77086,77087],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,77088,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,77090,77091,77093,77095,77097],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,77092,145],{"class":144},[53,77094,127],{"class":66},[53,77096,75397],{"class":102},[53,77098,133],{"class":66},[53,77100,77101,77103,77105,77107],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,77102,145],{"class":144},[53,77104,127],{"class":66},[53,77106,150],{"class":102},[53,77108,133],{"class":66},[20,77110,301],{},[44,77112,77114],{"className":46,"code":77113,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77115,77116,77128],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77117,77118,77120,77122,77124,77126],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77119,311],{"class":66},[53,77121,1188],{"class":70},[53,77123,74],{"class":66},[53,77125,1193],{"class":70},[53,77127,85],{"class":66},[53,77129,77130,77132,77134,77136,77138,77140,77142,77144,77146],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,77131,311],{"class":66},[53,77133,1188],{"class":70},[53,77135,74],{"class":66},[53,77137,1193],{"class":70},[53,77139,74],{"class":66},[53,77141,1198],{"class":70},[53,77143,74],{"class":66},[53,77145,1287],{"class":70},[53,77147,85],{"class":66},[20,77149,77150],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[1327,77152,77154,77155,8591,77157],{"id":77153},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,77156,75776],{},[15,77158,73241],{},[44,77160,77162],{"className":46,"code":77161,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77163,77164,77184,77188,77205,77216],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77165,77166,77168,77170,77172,77174,77176,77178,77180,77182],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77167,60],{"class":59},[53,77169,31],{"class":63},[53,77171,67],{"class":66},[53,77173,1188],{"class":70},[53,77175,74],{"class":66},[53,77177,1193],{"class":70},[53,77179,74],{"class":66},[53,77181,1198],{"class":70},[53,77183,85],{"class":66},[53,77185,77186],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,77187,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,77189,77190,77193,77195,77197,77199,77201,77203],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,77191,77192],{"class":59},"reversed_copy ",[53,77194,31],{"class":63},[53,77196,96],{"class":59},[53,77198,73837],{"class":66},[53,77200,1912],{"class":63},[53,77202,71],{"class":70},[53,77204,85],{"class":66},[53,77206,77207,77209,77211,77214],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,77208,145],{"class":144},[53,77210,127],{"class":66},[53,77212,77213],{"class":102},"reversed_copy",[53,77215,133],{"class":66},[53,77217,77218,77220,77222,77224],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,77219,145],{"class":144},[53,77221,127],{"class":66},[53,77223,150],{"class":102},[53,77225,133],{"class":66},[20,77227,301],{},[44,77229,77231],{"className":46,"code":77230,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,77232,77233,77249],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77234,77235,77237,77239,77241,77243,77245,77247],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77236,311],{"class":66},[53,77238,36715],{"class":70},[53,77240,74],{"class":66},[53,77242,1193],{"class":70},[53,77244,74],{"class":66},[53,77246,5890],{"class":70},[53,77248,85],{"class":66},[53,77250,77251,77253,77255,77257,77259,77261,77263],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,77252,311],{"class":66},[53,77254,1188],{"class":70},[53,77256,74],{"class":66},[53,77258,1193],{"class":70},[53,77260,74],{"class":66},[53,77262,1198],{"class":70},[53,77264,85],{"class":66},[20,77266,77267,77270],{},[15,77268,77269],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,77272,77273,77274,77277],{},"By contrast, ",[15,77275,77276],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[1327,77279,77281],{"id":77280},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,77283,77284],{},"This is not allowed:",[44,77286,77288],{"className":46,"code":77287,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77289,77290,77310],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77291,77292,77294,77296,77298,77300,77302,77304,77306,77308],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77293,60],{"class":59},[53,77295,31],{"class":63},[53,77297,67],{"class":66},[53,77299,1188],{"class":70},[53,77301,74],{"class":66},[53,77303,1193],{"class":70},[53,77305,74],{"class":66},[53,77307,1198],{"class":70},[53,77309,85],{"class":66},[53,77311,77312],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,77313,77314],{"class":156},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,77316,77317,77318,99],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,77319,40576],{},[39,77321,77323],{"id":77322},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,77325,77326],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[194,77328,77329,77336,77342,77345,77348],{},[197,77330,37078,77331,960,77333,77335],{},[15,77332,35948],{},[15,77334,75141],{}," positions",[197,77337,77338,77339,77341],{},"Assuming the ",[15,77340,75141],{}," index is included",[197,77343,77344],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[197,77346,77347],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[197,77349,77350],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,77352,77353],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[44,77355,77357],{"className":46,"code":77356,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77358,77359,77369,77383,77401,77415,77432],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77360,77361,77363,77365,77367],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77362,145],{"class":144},[53,77364,127],{"class":66},[53,77366,8225],{"class":102},[53,77368,133],{"class":66},[53,77370,77371,77373,77375,77377,77379,77381],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,77372,145],{"class":144},[53,77374,127],{"class":66},[53,77376,11050],{"class":144},[53,77378,127],{"class":66},[53,77380,8225],{"class":102},[53,77382,1713],{"class":66},[53,77384,77385,77387,77389,77391,77393,77395,77397,77399],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,77386,145],{"class":144},[53,77388,127],{"class":66},[53,77390,8225],{"class":102},[53,77392,311],{"class":66},[53,77394,71],{"class":70},[53,77396,192],{"class":66},[53,77398,130],{"class":70},[53,77400,3777],{"class":66},[53,77402,77403,77405,77407,77409,77411,77413],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,77404,145],{"class":144},[53,77406,127],{"class":66},[53,77408,8225],{"class":102},[53,77410,75250],{"class":66},[53,77412,815],{"class":70},[53,77414,3777],{"class":66},[53,77416,77417,77419,77421,77423,77425,77427,77429],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,77418,145],{"class":144},[53,77420,127],{"class":66},[53,77422,8225],{"class":102},[53,77424,311],{"class":66},[53,77426,1912],{"class":63},[53,77428,815],{"class":70},[53,77430,77431],{"class":66},":])\n",[53,77433,77434,77436,77438,77440,77442,77444,77446],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,77435,145],{"class":144},[53,77437,127],{"class":66},[53,77439,8225],{"class":102},[53,77441,73837],{"class":66},[53,77443,1912],{"class":63},[53,77445,71],{"class":70},[53,77447,3777],{"class":66},[20,77449,485,77450,77452,77453,77457],{},[15,77451,42232],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[758,77454,77456],{"href":77455},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[39,77459,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,77461,77463],{"id":77462},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,77465,77466],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[1327,77468,77470],{"id":77469},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,77472,77473],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[1327,77475,5025,77477,39833],{"id":77476},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,77478,75776],{},[20,77480,77481],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[1327,77483,77485,77486,1744],{"id":77484},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,77487,70446],{},[20,77489,77490],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[39,77492,1788],{"id":1787},[194,77494,77495,77500,77505,77509,77513,77517],{},[197,77496,77497],{},[758,77498,77499],{"href":760},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[197,77501,77502],{},[758,77503,77504],{"href":1719},"How to create a list in Python",[197,77506,77507],{},[758,77508,1796],{"href":1795},[197,77510,77511],{},[758,77512,74522],{"href":74521},[197,77514,77515],{},[758,77516,77456],{"href":77455},[197,77518,77519],{},[758,77520,68974],{"href":68973},[20,77522,77523,77524,77526],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,77525,42232],{},", copying, and reversing.",[1817,77528,77529],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":77531},[77532,77533,77534,77535,77536,77537,77540,77544,77552,77553,77561],{"id":41,"depth":88,"text":42},{"id":75305,"depth":88,"text":75306},{"id":75468,"depth":88,"text":75469},{"id":75730,"depth":88,"text":75731},{"id":76024,"depth":88,"text":76025},{"id":76270,"depth":88,"text":76271,"children":77538},[77539],{"id":76528,"depth":109,"text":76529},{"id":76582,"depth":88,"text":76583,"children":77541},[77542,77543],{"id":76589,"depth":109,"text":76590},{"id":76650,"depth":109,"text":76651},{"id":76857,"depth":88,"text":15047,"children":77545},[77546,77547,77548,77549,77551],{"id":76886,"depth":109,"text":76887},{"id":76975,"depth":109,"text":76976},{"id":77037,"depth":109,"text":77038},{"id":77153,"depth":109,"text":77550},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77280,"depth":109,"text":77281},{"id":77322,"depth":88,"text":77323},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":77554},[77555,77556,77557,77559],{"id":77462,"depth":109,"text":77463},{"id":77469,"depth":109,"text":77470},{"id":77476,"depth":109,"text":77558},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77484,"depth":109,"text":77560},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75128,"description":77562},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77569,"title":77570,"body":77571,"description":79640,"extension":1853,"meta":79641,"navigation":112,"path":79642,"seo":79643,"stem":79644,"__hash__":79645},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77572,"toc":79606},[77573,77578,77584,77590,77592,77639,77646,77651,77655,77670,77673,77726,77728,77753,77758,77760,77792,77795,77811,77813,77874,77876,77901,77905,77910,77963,77965,77990,77995,78056,78058,78083,78086,78093,78097,78100,78161,78163,78196,78199,78260,78262,78295,78301,78374,78376,78408,78415,78420,78425,78427,78439,78442,78520,78522,78563,78566,78640,78642,78675,78680,78687,78694,78698,78707,78711,78719,78721,78788,78790,78826,78831,78842,78844,78849,78854,78856,78919,78921,78946,78953,78958,78962,78965,79005,79010,79016,79021,79023,79050,79055,79058,79105,79107,79164,79171,79176,79182,79251,79255,79258,79321,79323,79356,79361,79363,79366,79447,79449,79473,79479,79481,79486,79490,79497,79505,79509,79511,79534,79538,79540,79567,79570,79577,79580,79582,79603],[10,77574,13,77576,18],{"id":77575},"python-list-sort-method",[15,77577,64026],{},[20,77579,77580,77583],{},[15,77581,77582],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,77585,77586,77587,77589],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,77588,64026],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[39,77591,42],{"id":41},[44,77593,77595],{"className":46,"code":77594,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,77596,77597,77617,77627],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77598,77599,77601,77603,77605,77607,77609,77611,77613,77615],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77600,60],{"class":59},[53,77602,31],{"class":63},[53,77604,67],{"class":66},[53,77606,815],{"class":70},[53,77608,74],{"class":66},[53,77610,5382],{"class":70},[53,77612,74],{"class":66},[53,77614,77],{"class":70},[53,77616,85],{"class":66},[53,77618,77619,77621,77623,77625],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,77620,150],{"class":59},[53,77622,99],{"class":66},[53,77624,34673],{"class":102},[53,77626,106],{"class":66},[53,77628,77629,77631,77633,77635,77637],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,77630,145],{"class":144},[53,77632,127],{"class":66},[53,77634,150],{"class":102},[53,77636,153],{"class":66},[53,77638,1479],{"class":156},[20,77640,174,77641,77643,77644,99],{},[15,77642,77582],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,77645,3664],{},[39,77647,184,77649,187],{"id":77648},"what-listsort-does",[15,77650,77582],{},[20,77652,77653,192],{},[15,77654,77582],{},[194,77656,77657,77660,77663,77667],{},[197,77658,77659],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[197,77661,77662],{},"Changes the original list",[197,77664,11312,77665],{},[15,77666,3664],{},[197,77668,77669],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,77671,77672],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[44,77674,77676],{"className":46,"code":77675,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77677,77678,77702,77712,77716],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77679,77680,77682,77684,77686,77688,77690,77692,77694,77696,77698,77700],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77681,60],{"class":59},[53,77683,31],{"class":63},[53,77685,67],{"class":66},[53,77687,2024],{"class":70},[53,77689,74],{"class":66},[53,77691,77],{"class":70},[53,77693,74],{"class":66},[53,77695,54003],{"class":70},[53,77697,74],{"class":66},[53,77699,5382],{"class":70},[53,77701,85],{"class":66},[53,77703,77704,77706,77708,77710],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,77705,150],{"class":59},[53,77707,99],{"class":66},[53,77709,34673],{"class":102},[53,77711,106],{"class":66},[53,77713,77714],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,77715,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,77717,77718,77720,77722,77724],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,77719,145],{"class":144},[53,77721,127],{"class":66},[53,77723,150],{"class":102},[53,77725,133],{"class":66},[20,77727,301],{},[44,77729,77731],{"className":46,"code":77730,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,77732,77733],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77734,77735,77737,77739,77741,77743,77745,77747,77749,77751],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77736,311],{"class":66},[53,77738,71],{"class":70},[53,77740,74],{"class":66},[53,77742,77],{"class":70},[53,77744,74],{"class":66},[53,77746,4491],{"class":70},[53,77748,74],{"class":66},[53,77750,54003],{"class":70},[53,77752,85],{"class":66},[20,77754,77755,77756,99],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[758,77757,66792],{"href":760},[39,77759,372],{"id":371},[44,77761,77763],{"className":46,"code":77762,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,77764,77765],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77766,77767,77769,77771,77773,77775,77777,77779,77781,77783,77786,77788,77790],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77768,8225],{"class":59},[53,77770,99],{"class":66},[53,77772,34673],{"class":102},[53,77774,127],{"class":66},[53,77776,14714],{"class":9063},[53,77778,31],{"class":63},[53,77780,3664],{"class":3739},[53,77782,74],{"class":66},[53,77784,77785],{"class":9063}," reverse",[53,77787,31],{"class":63},[53,77789,3560],{"class":3739},[53,77791,133],{"class":66},[20,77793,77794],{},"Main arguments:",[194,77796,77797,77802,77808],{},[197,77798,77799,77801],{},[15,77800,14714],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[197,77803,77804,77807],{},[15,77805,77806],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[197,77809,77810],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,77812,211],{},[44,77814,77816],{"className":46,"code":77815,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77817,77818,77842,77860,77864],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77819,77820,77822,77824,77826,77828,77830,77832,77834,77836,77838,77840],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77821,60],{"class":59},[53,77823,31],{"class":63},[53,77825,67],{"class":66},[53,77827,130],{"class":70},[53,77829,74],{"class":66},[53,77831,5382],{"class":70},[53,77833,74],{"class":66},[53,77835,5879],{"class":70},[53,77837,74],{"class":66},[53,77839,77],{"class":70},[53,77841,85],{"class":66},[53,77843,77844,77846,77848,77850,77852,77854,77856,77858],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,77845,150],{"class":59},[53,77847,99],{"class":66},[53,77849,34673],{"class":102},[53,77851,127],{"class":66},[53,77853,73292],{"class":9063},[53,77855,31],{"class":63},[53,77857,3492],{"class":3739},[53,77859,133],{"class":66},[53,77861,77862],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,77863,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,77865,77866,77868,77870,77872],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,77867,145],{"class":144},[53,77869,127],{"class":66},[53,77871,150],{"class":102},[53,77873,133],{"class":66},[20,77875,301],{},[44,77877,77879],{"className":46,"code":77878,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,77880,77881],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77882,77883,77885,77887,77889,77891,77893,77895,77897,77899],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77884,311],{"class":66},[53,77886,1915],{"class":70},[53,77888,74],{"class":66},[53,77890,597],{"class":70},[53,77892,74],{"class":66},[53,77894,77],{"class":70},[53,77896,74],{"class":66},[53,77898,5382],{"class":70},[53,77900,85],{"class":66},[39,77902,77904],{"id":77903},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,77906,174,77907,77909],{},[15,77908,64026],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[44,77911,77913],{"className":46,"code":77912,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77914,77915,77939,77949,77953],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77916,77917,77919,77921,77923,77925,77927,77929,77931,77933,77935,77937],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77918,60],{"class":59},[53,77920,31],{"class":63},[53,77922,67],{"class":66},[53,77924,1188],{"class":70},[53,77926,74],{"class":66},[53,77928,82],{"class":70},[53,77930,74],{"class":66},[53,77932,6246],{"class":70},[53,77934,74],{"class":66},[53,77936,5382],{"class":70},[53,77938,85],{"class":66},[53,77940,77941,77943,77945,77947],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,77942,150],{"class":59},[53,77944,99],{"class":66},[53,77946,34673],{"class":102},[53,77948,106],{"class":66},[53,77950,77951],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,77952,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,77954,77955,77957,77959,77961],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,77956,145],{"class":144},[53,77958,127],{"class":66},[53,77960,150],{"class":102},[53,77962,133],{"class":66},[20,77964,301],{},[44,77966,77968],{"className":46,"code":77967,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,77969,77970],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77971,77972,77974,77976,77978,77980,77982,77984,77986,77988],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77973,311],{"class":66},[53,77975,71],{"class":70},[53,77977,74],{"class":66},[53,77979,82],{"class":70},[53,77981,74],{"class":66},[53,77983,6246],{"class":70},[53,77985,74],{"class":66},[53,77987,5890],{"class":70},[53,77989,85],{"class":66},[20,77991,174,77992,77994],{},[15,77993,77806],{}," for descending order:",[44,77996,77998],{"className":46,"code":77997,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77999,78000,78024,78042,78046],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78001,78002,78004,78006,78008,78010,78012,78014,78016,78018,78020,78022],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78003,60],{"class":59},[53,78005,31],{"class":63},[53,78007,67],{"class":66},[53,78009,1188],{"class":70},[53,78011,74],{"class":66},[53,78013,82],{"class":70},[53,78015,74],{"class":66},[53,78017,6246],{"class":70},[53,78019,74],{"class":66},[53,78021,5382],{"class":70},[53,78023,85],{"class":66},[53,78025,78026,78028,78030,78032,78034,78036,78038,78040],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,78027,150],{"class":59},[53,78029,99],{"class":66},[53,78031,34673],{"class":102},[53,78033,127],{"class":66},[53,78035,73292],{"class":9063},[53,78037,31],{"class":63},[53,78039,3492],{"class":3739},[53,78041,133],{"class":66},[53,78043,78044],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,78045,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,78047,78048,78050,78052,78054],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,78049,145],{"class":144},[53,78051,127],{"class":66},[53,78053,150],{"class":102},[53,78055,133],{"class":66},[20,78057,301],{},[44,78059,78061],{"className":46,"code":78060,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,78062,78063],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78064,78065,78067,78069,78071,78073,78075,78077,78079,78081],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78066,311],{"class":66},[53,78068,1188],{"class":70},[53,78070,74],{"class":66},[53,78072,6246],{"class":70},[53,78074,74],{"class":66},[53,78076,82],{"class":70},[53,78078,74],{"class":66},[53,78080,5382],{"class":70},[53,78082,85],{"class":66},[20,78084,78085],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,78087,78088,78089,99],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[758,78090,78092],{"href":78091},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[39,78094,78096],{"id":78095},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,78098,78099],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[44,78101,78103],{"className":46,"code":78102,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78104,78105,78137,78147,78151],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78106,78107,78109,78111,78113,78115,78117,78119,78121,78123,78125,78127,78129,78131,78133,78135],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78108,3959],{"class":59},[53,78110,31],{"class":63},[53,78112,67],{"class":66},[53,78114,229],{"class":228},[53,78116,243],{"class":232},[53,78118,229],{"class":228},[53,78120,74],{"class":66},[53,78122,240],{"class":228},[53,78124,233],{"class":232},[53,78126,229],{"class":228},[53,78128,74],{"class":66},[53,78130,240],{"class":228},[53,78132,3984],{"class":232},[53,78134,229],{"class":228},[53,78136,85],{"class":66},[53,78138,78139,78141,78143,78145],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,78140,4001],{"class":59},[53,78142,99],{"class":66},[53,78144,34673],{"class":102},[53,78146,106],{"class":66},[53,78148,78149],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,78150,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,78152,78153,78155,78157,78159],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,78154,145],{"class":144},[53,78156,127],{"class":66},[53,78158,4001],{"class":102},[53,78160,133],{"class":66},[20,78162,301],{},[44,78164,78166],{"className":46,"code":78165,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78167,78168],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78169,78170,78172,78174,78176,78178,78180,78182,78184,78186,78188,78190,78192,78194],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78171,311],{"class":66},[53,78173,314],{"class":228},[53,78175,233],{"class":232},[53,78177,314],{"class":228},[53,78179,74],{"class":66},[53,78181,323],{"class":228},[53,78183,243],{"class":232},[53,78185,314],{"class":228},[53,78187,74],{"class":66},[53,78189,323],{"class":228},[53,78191,3984],{"class":232},[53,78193,314],{"class":228},[53,78195,85],{"class":66},[20,78197,78198],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[44,78200,78202],{"className":46,"code":78201,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78203,78204,78236,78246,78250],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78205,78206,78208,78210,78212,78214,78216,78218,78220,78222,78224,78226,78228,78230,78232,78234],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78207,3959],{"class":59},[53,78209,31],{"class":63},[53,78211,67],{"class":66},[53,78213,229],{"class":228},[53,78215,243],{"class":232},[53,78217,229],{"class":228},[53,78219,74],{"class":66},[53,78221,240],{"class":228},[53,78223,57481],{"class":232},[53,78225,229],{"class":228},[53,78227,74],{"class":66},[53,78229,240],{"class":228},[53,78231,3984],{"class":232},[53,78233,229],{"class":228},[53,78235,85],{"class":66},[53,78237,78238,78240,78242,78244],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,78239,4001],{"class":59},[53,78241,99],{"class":66},[53,78243,34673],{"class":102},[53,78245,106],{"class":66},[53,78247,78248],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,78249,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,78251,78252,78254,78256,78258],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,78253,145],{"class":144},[53,78255,127],{"class":66},[53,78257,4001],{"class":102},[53,78259,133],{"class":66},[20,78261,301],{},[44,78263,78265],{"className":46,"code":78264,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78266,78267],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78268,78269,78271,78273,78275,78277,78279,78281,78283,78285,78287,78289,78291,78293],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78270,311],{"class":66},[53,78272,314],{"class":228},[53,78274,57481],{"class":232},[53,78276,314],{"class":228},[53,78278,74],{"class":66},[53,78280,323],{"class":228},[53,78282,243],{"class":232},[53,78284,314],{"class":228},[53,78286,74],{"class":66},[53,78288,323],{"class":228},[53,78290,3984],{"class":232},[53,78292,314],{"class":228},[53,78294,85],{"class":66},[20,78296,78297,78298,192],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,78299,78300],{},"key=str.lower",[44,78302,78304],{"className":46,"code":78303,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78305,78306,78338,78360,78364],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78307,78308,78310,78312,78314,78316,78318,78320,78322,78324,78326,78328,78330,78332,78334,78336],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78309,3959],{"class":59},[53,78311,31],{"class":63},[53,78313,67],{"class":66},[53,78315,229],{"class":228},[53,78317,243],{"class":232},[53,78319,229],{"class":228},[53,78321,74],{"class":66},[53,78323,240],{"class":228},[53,78325,57481],{"class":232},[53,78327,229],{"class":228},[53,78329,74],{"class":66},[53,78331,240],{"class":228},[53,78333,3984],{"class":232},[53,78335,229],{"class":228},[53,78337,85],{"class":66},[53,78339,78340,78342,78344,78346,78348,78350,78352,78354,78356,78358],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,78341,4001],{"class":59},[53,78343,99],{"class":66},[53,78345,34673],{"class":102},[53,78347,127],{"class":66},[53,78349,14714],{"class":9063},[53,78351,31],{"class":63},[53,78353,3330],{"class":1704},[53,78355,99],{"class":66},[53,78357,8527],{"class":24620},[53,78359,133],{"class":66},[53,78361,78362],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,78363,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,78365,78366,78368,78370,78372],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,78367,145],{"class":144},[53,78369,127],{"class":66},[53,78371,4001],{"class":102},[53,78373,133],{"class":66},[20,78375,301],{},[44,78377,78378],{"className":46,"code":78264,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,78379,78380],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78381,78382,78384,78386,78388,78390,78392,78394,78396,78398,78400,78402,78404,78406],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78383,311],{"class":66},[53,78385,314],{"class":228},[53,78387,57481],{"class":232},[53,78389,314],{"class":228},[53,78391,74],{"class":66},[53,78393,323],{"class":228},[53,78395,243],{"class":232},[53,78397,314],{"class":228},[53,78399,74],{"class":66},[53,78401,323],{"class":228},[53,78403,3984],{"class":232},[53,78405,314],{"class":228},[53,78407,85],{"class":66},[20,78409,78410,78411,78414],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,78412,78413],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[39,78416,36486,78418,36489],{"id":78417},"using-the-key-argument",[15,78419,14714],{},[20,78421,1870,78422,78424],{},[15,78423,14714],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,78426,7230],{},[194,78428,78429,78434],{},[197,78430,78431,78433],{},[15,78432,11050],{}," to sort by length",[197,78435,78436,78438],{},[15,78437,78413],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,78440,78441],{},"Sort words by length:",[44,78443,78445],{"className":46,"code":78444,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78446,78447,78488,78506,78510],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78448,78449,78451,78453,78455,78457,78460,78462,78464,78466,78468,78470,78472,78474,78476,78478,78480,78482,78484,78486],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78450,3959],{"class":59},[53,78452,31],{"class":63},[53,78454,67],{"class":66},[53,78456,229],{"class":228},[53,78458,78459],{"class":232},"pear",[53,78461,229],{"class":228},[53,78463,74],{"class":66},[53,78465,240],{"class":228},[53,78467,243],{"class":232},[53,78469,229],{"class":228},[53,78471,74],{"class":66},[53,78473,240],{"class":228},[53,78475,38232],{"class":232},[53,78477,229],{"class":228},[53,78479,74],{"class":66},[53,78481,240],{"class":228},[53,78483,233],{"class":232},[53,78485,229],{"class":228},[53,78487,85],{"class":66},[53,78489,78490,78492,78494,78496,78498,78500,78502,78504],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,78491,4001],{"class":59},[53,78493,99],{"class":66},[53,78495,34673],{"class":102},[53,78497,127],{"class":66},[53,78499,14714],{"class":9063},[53,78501,31],{"class":63},[53,78503,11050],{"class":144},[53,78505,133],{"class":66},[53,78507,78508],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,78509,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,78511,78512,78514,78516,78518],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,78513,145],{"class":144},[53,78515,127],{"class":66},[53,78517,4001],{"class":102},[53,78519,133],{"class":66},[20,78521,301],{},[44,78523,78525],{"className":46,"code":78524,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,78526,78527],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78528,78529,78531,78533,78535,78537,78539,78541,78543,78545,78547,78549,78551,78553,78555,78557,78559,78561],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78530,311],{"class":66},[53,78532,314],{"class":228},[53,78534,38232],{"class":232},[53,78536,314],{"class":228},[53,78538,74],{"class":66},[53,78540,323],{"class":228},[53,78542,78459],{"class":232},[53,78544,314],{"class":228},[53,78546,74],{"class":66},[53,78548,323],{"class":228},[53,78550,233],{"class":232},[53,78552,314],{"class":228},[53,78554,74],{"class":66},[53,78556,323],{"class":228},[53,78558,243],{"class":232},[53,78560,314],{"class":228},[53,78562,85],{"class":66},[20,78564,78565],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[44,78567,78569],{"className":46,"code":78568,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78570,78571,78604,78626,78630],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78572,78573,78575,78577,78579,78581,78583,78585,78587,78589,78591,78593,78595,78597,78600,78602],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78574,3959],{"class":59},[53,78576,31],{"class":63},[53,78578,67],{"class":66},[53,78580,229],{"class":228},[53,78582,4897],{"class":232},[53,78584,229],{"class":228},[53,78586,74],{"class":66},[53,78588,240],{"class":228},[53,78590,17671],{"class":232},[53,78592,229],{"class":228},[53,78594,74],{"class":66},[53,78596,240],{"class":228},[53,78598,78599],{"class":232},"Carol",[53,78601,229],{"class":228},[53,78603,85],{"class":66},[53,78605,78606,78608,78610,78612,78614,78616,78618,78620,78622,78624],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,78607,4001],{"class":59},[53,78609,99],{"class":66},[53,78611,34673],{"class":102},[53,78613,127],{"class":66},[53,78615,14714],{"class":9063},[53,78617,31],{"class":63},[53,78619,3330],{"class":1704},[53,78621,99],{"class":66},[53,78623,8527],{"class":24620},[53,78625,133],{"class":66},[53,78627,78628],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,78629,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,78631,78632,78634,78636,78638],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,78633,145],{"class":144},[53,78635,127],{"class":66},[53,78637,4001],{"class":102},[53,78639,133],{"class":66},[20,78641,301],{},[44,78643,78645],{"className":46,"code":78644,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,78646,78647],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78648,78649,78651,78653,78655,78657,78659,78661,78663,78665,78667,78669,78671,78673],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78650,311],{"class":66},[53,78652,314],{"class":228},[53,78654,17671],{"class":232},[53,78656,314],{"class":228},[53,78658,74],{"class":66},[53,78660,323],{"class":228},[53,78662,4897],{"class":232},[53,78664,314],{"class":228},[53,78666,74],{"class":66},[53,78668,323],{"class":228},[53,78670,78599],{"class":232},[53,78672,314],{"class":228},[53,78674,85],{"class":66},[20,78676,1870,78677,78679],{},[15,78678,14714],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[39,78681,78683,10474,78685],{"id":78682},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,78684,77582],{},[15,78686,74139],{},[20,78688,78689,960,78691,78693],{},[15,78690,77582],{},[15,78692,74139],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,78695,78696,192],{},[15,78697,77582],{},[194,78699,78700,78703],{},[197,78701,78702],{},"Changes the existing list",[197,78704,11312,78705],{},[15,78706,3664],{},[20,78708,78709,192],{},[15,78710,74139],{},[194,78712,78713,78716],{},[197,78714,78715],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[197,78717,78718],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,78720,211],{},[44,78722,78724],{"className":46,"code":78723,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,78725,78726,78746,78750,78764,78768,78778],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78727,78728,78730,78732,78734,78736,78738,78740,78742,78744],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78729,60],{"class":59},[53,78731,31],{"class":63},[53,78733,67],{"class":66},[53,78735,815],{"class":70},[53,78737,74],{"class":66},[53,78739,5382],{"class":70},[53,78741,74],{"class":66},[53,78743,77],{"class":70},[53,78745,85],{"class":66},[53,78747,78748],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,78749,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,78751,78752,78754,78756,78758,78760,78762],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,78753,385],{"class":59},[53,78755,31],{"class":63},[53,78757,74273],{"class":144},[53,78759,127],{"class":66},[53,78761,150],{"class":102},[53,78763,133],{"class":66},[53,78765,78766],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,78767,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,78769,78770,78772,78774,78776],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,78771,145],{"class":144},[53,78773,127],{"class":66},[53,78775,150],{"class":102},[53,78777,133],{"class":66},[53,78779,78780,78782,78784,78786],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,78781,145],{"class":144},[53,78783,127],{"class":66},[53,78785,73996],{"class":102},[53,78787,133],{"class":66},[20,78789,301],{},[44,78791,78792],{"className":46,"code":74308,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,78793,78794,78810],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78795,78796,78798,78800,78802,78804,78806,78808],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78797,311],{"class":66},[53,78799,815],{"class":70},[53,78801,74],{"class":66},[53,78803,5382],{"class":70},[53,78805,74],{"class":66},[53,78807,77],{"class":70},[53,78809,85],{"class":66},[53,78811,78812,78814,78816,78818,78820,78822,78824],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,78813,311],{"class":66},[53,78815,71],{"class":70},[53,78817,74],{"class":66},[53,78819,77],{"class":70},[53,78821,74],{"class":66},[53,78823,82],{"class":70},[53,78825,85],{"class":66},[20,78827,174,78828,78830],{},[15,78829,74139],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,78832,78833,78834,960,78838,99],{},"You can learn more in ",[758,78835,3463,78836,5668],{"href":74236},[15,78837,74139],{},[758,78839,78841],{"href":78840},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[39,78843,2716],{"id":2715},[20,78845,78846,78847,99],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,78848,77582],{},[1327,78850,12482,78852],{"id":78851},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,78853,64026],{},[20,78855,25560],{},[44,78857,78859],{"className":46,"code":78858,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78860,78861,78881,78895,78899,78909],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78862,78863,78865,78867,78869,78871,78873,78875,78877,78879],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78864,60],{"class":59},[53,78866,31],{"class":63},[53,78868,67],{"class":66},[53,78870,815],{"class":70},[53,78872,74],{"class":66},[53,78874,5382],{"class":70},[53,78876,74],{"class":66},[53,78878,77],{"class":70},[53,78880,85],{"class":66},[53,78882,78883,78885,78887,78889,78891,78893],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,78884,2117],{"class":59},[53,78886,31],{"class":63},[53,78888,96],{"class":59},[53,78890,99],{"class":66},[53,78892,34673],{"class":102},[53,78894,106],{"class":66},[53,78896,78897],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,78898,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,78900,78901,78903,78905,78907],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,78902,145],{"class":144},[53,78904,127],{"class":66},[53,78906,2152],{"class":102},[53,78908,133],{"class":66},[53,78910,78911,78913,78915,78917],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,78912,145],{"class":144},[53,78914,127],{"class":66},[53,78916,150],{"class":102},[53,78918,133],{"class":66},[20,78920,301],{},[44,78922,78924],{"className":46,"code":78923,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,78925,78926,78930],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78927,78928],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78929,11698],{"class":3739},[53,78931,78932,78934,78936,78938,78940,78942,78944],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,78933,311],{"class":66},[53,78935,71],{"class":70},[53,78937,74],{"class":66},[53,78939,77],{"class":70},[53,78941,74],{"class":66},[53,78943,82],{"class":70},[53,78945,85],{"class":66},[20,78947,78948,78950,78951,99],{},[15,78949,64026],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,78952,3664],{},[20,78954,78955,78956,1408],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,78957,74139],{},[1327,78959,78961],{"id":78960},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,78963,78964],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[44,78966,78968],{"className":46,"code":78967,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,78969,78970,78995],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78971,78972,78974,78976,78978,78980,78982,78984,78987,78989,78991,78993],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78973,7667],{"class":59},[53,78975,31],{"class":63},[53,78977,67],{"class":66},[53,78979,71],{"class":70},[53,78981,74],{"class":66},[53,78983,240],{"class":228},[53,78985,78986],{"class":232},"two",[53,78988,229],{"class":228},[53,78990,74],{"class":66},[53,78992,82],{"class":70},[53,78994,85],{"class":66},[53,78996,78997,78999,79001,79003],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,78998,7696],{"class":59},[53,79000,99],{"class":66},[53,79002,34673],{"class":102},[53,79004,106],{"class":66},[20,79006,2889,79007,79009],{},[15,79008,2892],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[1327,79011,4590,79013,79015],{"id":79012},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,79014,64026],{}," only works on lists",[20,79017,79018,79020],{},[15,79019,64026],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,79022,16514],{},[44,79024,79026],{"className":46,"code":79025,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,79027,79028,79040],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,79029,79030,79032,79034,79036,79038],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,79031,34561],{"class":59},[53,79033,31],{"class":63},[53,79035,240],{"class":228},[53,79037,48],{"class":232},[53,79039,1682],{"class":228},[53,79041,79042,79044,79046,79048],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,79043,34582],{"class":59},[53,79045,99],{"class":66},[53,79047,34673],{"class":102},[53,79049,106],{"class":66},[20,79051,79052,79053,33473],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,79054,64026],{},[20,79056,79057],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[44,79059,79061],{"className":46,"code":79060,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,79062,79063,79081,79091,79095],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,79064,79065,79067,79069,79071,79073,79075,79077,79079],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,79066,35966],{"class":59},[53,79068,31],{"class":63},[53,79070,22429],{"class":1704},[53,79072,127],{"class":66},[53,79074,229],{"class":228},[53,79076,48],{"class":232},[53,79078,229],{"class":228},[53,79080,133],{"class":66},[53,79082,79083,79085,79087,79089],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,79084,36019],{"class":59},[53,79086,99],{"class":66},[53,79088,34673],{"class":102},[53,79090,106],{"class":66},[53,79092,79093],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,79094,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,79096,79097,79099,79101,79103],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,79098,145],{"class":144},[53,79100,127],{"class":66},[53,79102,36019],{"class":102},[53,79104,133],{"class":66},[20,79106,301],{},[44,79108,79110],{"className":46,"code":79109,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,79111,79112],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,79113,79114,79116,79118,79120,79122,79124,79126,79128,79130,79132,79134,79136,79138,79140,79142,79144,79146,79148,79150,79152,79154,79156,79158,79160,79162],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,79115,311],{"class":66},[53,79117,314],{"class":228},[53,79119,60152],{"class":232},[53,79121,314],{"class":228},[53,79123,74],{"class":66},[53,79125,323],{"class":228},[53,79127,75745],{"class":232},[53,79129,314],{"class":228},[53,79131,74],{"class":66},[53,79133,323],{"class":228},[53,79135,60187],{"class":232},[53,79137,314],{"class":228},[53,79139,74],{"class":66},[53,79141,323],{"class":228},[53,79143,20],{"class":232},[53,79145,314],{"class":228},[53,79147,74],{"class":66},[53,79149,323],{"class":228},[53,79151,63001],{"class":232},[53,79153,314],{"class":228},[53,79155,74],{"class":66},[53,79157,323],{"class":228},[53,79159,11635],{"class":232},[53,79161,314],{"class":228},[53,79163,85],{"class":66},[1327,79165,79167,79168,79170],{"id":79166},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,79169,14714],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,79172,79173,79174,99],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,79175,14714],{},[20,79177,79178,79179,79181],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,79180,64026],{}," will not do that:",[44,79183,79185],{"className":46,"code":79184,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79186,79187,79219,79237,79241],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,79188,79189,79191,79193,79195,79197,79199,79201,79203,79205,79207,79209,79211,79213,79215,79217],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,79190,3959],{"class":59},[53,79192,31],{"class":63},[53,79194,67],{"class":66},[53,79196,229],{"class":228},[53,79198,243],{"class":232},[53,79200,229],{"class":228},[53,79202,74],{"class":66},[53,79204,240],{"class":228},[53,79206,38232],{"class":232},[53,79208,229],{"class":228},[53,79210,74],{"class":66},[53,79212,240],{"class":228},[53,79214,233],{"class":232},[53,79216,229],{"class":228},[53,79218,85],{"class":66},[53,79220,79221,79223,79225,79227,79229,79231,79233,79235],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,79222,4001],{"class":59},[53,79224,99],{"class":66},[53,79226,34673],{"class":102},[53,79228,127],{"class":66},[53,79230,14714],{"class":9063},[53,79232,31],{"class":63},[53,79234,11050],{"class":144},[53,79236,133],{"class":66},[53,79238,79239],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,79240,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,79242,79243,79245,79247,79249],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,79244,145],{"class":144},[53,79246,127],{"class":66},[53,79248,4001],{"class":102},[53,79250,133],{"class":66},[1327,79252,79254],{"id":79253},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,79256,79257],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[44,79259,79261],{"className":46,"code":79260,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79262,79263,79297,79307,79311],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,79264,79265,79267,79269,79271,79273,79276,79278,79280,79282,79284,79286,79288,79290,79293,79295],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,79266,3959],{"class":59},[53,79268,31],{"class":63},[53,79270,67],{"class":66},[53,79272,229],{"class":228},[53,79274,79275],{"class":232},"zebra",[53,79277,229],{"class":228},[53,79279,74],{"class":66},[53,79281,240],{"class":228},[53,79283,57481],{"class":232},[53,79285,229],{"class":228},[53,79287,74],{"class":66},[53,79289,240],{"class":228},[53,79291,79292],{"class":232},"monkey",[53,79294,229],{"class":228},[53,79296,85],{"class":66},[53,79298,79299,79301,79303,79305],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,79300,4001],{"class":59},[53,79302,99],{"class":66},[53,79304,34673],{"class":102},[53,79306,106],{"class":66},[53,79308,79309],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,79310,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,79312,79313,79315,79317,79319],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,79314,145],{"class":144},[53,79316,127],{"class":66},[53,79318,4001],{"class":102},[53,79320,133],{"class":66},[20,79322,301],{},[44,79324,79326],{"className":46,"code":79325,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,79327,79328],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,79329,79330,79332,79334,79336,79338,79340,79342,79344,79346,79348,79350,79352,79354],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,79331,311],{"class":66},[53,79333,314],{"class":228},[53,79335,57481],{"class":232},[53,79337,314],{"class":228},[53,79339,74],{"class":66},[53,79341,323],{"class":228},[53,79343,79292],{"class":232},[53,79345,314],{"class":228},[53,79347,74],{"class":66},[53,79349,323],{"class":228},[53,79351,79275],{"class":232},[53,79353,314],{"class":228},[53,79355,85],{"class":66},[20,79357,174,79358,79360],{},[15,79359,78300],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[1327,79362,60424],{"id":60423},[20,79364,79365],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[44,79367,79369],{"className":46,"code":79368,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79370,79371,79381,79395,79409,79423],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,79372,79373,79375,79377,79379],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,79374,145],{"class":144},[53,79376,127],{"class":66},[53,79378,8225],{"class":102},[53,79380,133],{"class":66},[53,79382,79383,79385,79387,79389,79391,79393],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,79384,145],{"class":144},[53,79386,127],{"class":66},[53,79388,1705],{"class":1704},[53,79390,127],{"class":66},[53,79392,8225],{"class":102},[53,79394,1713],{"class":66},[53,79396,79397,79399,79401,79403,79405,79407],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,79398,145],{"class":144},[53,79400,127],{"class":66},[53,79402,8225],{"class":102},[53,79404,99],{"class":66},[53,79406,34673],{"class":102},[53,79408,7081],{"class":66},[53,79410,79411,79413,79415,79417,79419,79421],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,79412,145],{"class":144},[53,79414,127],{"class":66},[53,79416,74229],{"class":144},[53,79418,127],{"class":66},[53,79420,8225],{"class":102},[53,79422,1713],{"class":66},[53,79424,79425,79427,79429,79431,79433,79435,79437,79439,79441,79443,79445],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,79426,145],{"class":144},[53,79428,2873],{"class":66},[53,79430,1705],{"class":1704},[53,79432,127],{"class":66},[53,79434,23180],{"class":102},[53,79436,153],{"class":66},[53,79438,3765],{"class":3764},[53,79440,5846],{"class":102},[53,79442,3771],{"class":3764},[53,79444,8282],{"class":102},[53,79446,3777],{"class":66},[20,79448,11059],{},[194,79450,79451,79454,79457,79464,79470],{},[197,79452,79453],{},"What values are in the list",[197,79455,79456],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[197,79458,79459,79460,2285,79462],{},"That ",[15,79461,64026],{},[15,79463,3664],{},[197,79465,79466,79467,79469],{},"Whether ",[15,79468,74139],{}," works better for your case",[197,79471,79472],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,79474,79475,79476,79478],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,79477,2892],{}," problems.",[39,79480,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,79482,1729,79484,55334],{"id":79483},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,79485,77582],{},[20,79487,62317,79488,99],{},[15,79489,3664],{},[1327,79491,1739,79493,960,79495,1744],{"id":79492},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,79494,64026],{},[15,79496,74139],{},[20,79498,79499,79501,79502,79504],{},[15,79500,64026],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,79503,74139],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[1327,79506,79508],{"id":79507},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,79510,18562],{},[44,79512,79514],{"className":46,"code":79513,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,79515,79516],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,79517,79518,79520,79522,79524,79526,79528,79530,79532],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,79519,8225],{"class":59},[53,79521,99],{"class":66},[53,79523,34673],{"class":102},[53,79525,127],{"class":66},[53,79527,73292],{"class":9063},[53,79529,31],{"class":63},[53,79531,3492],{"class":3739},[53,79533,133],{"class":66},[1327,79535,79537],{"id":79536},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,79539,18562],{},[44,79541,79543],{"className":46,"code":79542,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,79544,79545],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,79546,79547,79549,79551,79553,79555,79557,79559,79561,79563,79565],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,79548,8225],{"class":59},[53,79550,99],{"class":66},[53,79552,34673],{"class":102},[53,79554,127],{"class":66},[53,79556,14714],{"class":9063},[53,79558,31],{"class":63},[53,79560,3330],{"class":1704},[53,79562,99],{"class":66},[53,79564,8527],{"class":24620},[53,79566,133],{"class":66},[20,79568,79569],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[1327,79571,79573,79574,79576],{"id":79572},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,79575,2892],{}," when sorting?",[20,79578,79579],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[39,79581,1788],{"id":1787},[194,79583,79584,79589,79595,79599],{},[197,79585,79586],{},[758,79587,79588],{"href":78091},"How to sort a list in Python",[197,79590,79591],{},[758,79592,3463,79593,5668],{"href":74236},[15,79594,74139],{},[197,79596,79597],{},[758,79598,66792],{"href":760},[197,79600,79601],{},[758,79602,78841],{"href":78840},[1817,79604,79605],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":79607},[79608,79609,79611,79612,79613,79614,79616,79618,79629,79639],{"id":41,"depth":88,"text":42},{"id":77648,"depth":88,"text":79610},"What list.sort() does",{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372},{"id":77903,"depth":88,"text":77904},{"id":78095,"depth":88,"text":78096},{"id":78417,"depth":88,"text":79615},"Using the key argument",{"id":78682,"depth":88,"text":79617},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716,"children":79619},[79620,79622,79623,79625,79627,79628],{"id":78851,"depth":109,"text":79621},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":78960,"depth":109,"text":78961},{"id":79012,"depth":109,"text":79624},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79166,"depth":109,"text":79626},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79253,"depth":109,"text":79254},{"id":60423,"depth":109,"text":60424},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":79630},[79631,79633,79635,79636,79637],{"id":79483,"depth":109,"text":79632},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79492,"depth":109,"text":79634},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79507,"depth":109,"text":79508},{"id":79536,"depth":109,"text":79537},{"id":79572,"depth":109,"text":79638},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77570,"description":79640},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":79647,"title":79648,"body":79649,"description":82280,"extension":1853,"meta":82281,"navigation":112,"path":82282,"seo":82283,"stem":82284,"__hash__":82285},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":79650,"toc":82239},[79651,79656,79661,79664,79675,79678,79698,79700,79762,79764,79805,79814,79819,79824,79830,79841,79843,79862,79865,79870,79875,79877,79882,79896,79898,79916,79919,79936,79939,79945,79968,79973,79975,79978,80039,80041,80074,80076,80115,80123,80133,80139,80144,80237,80239,80263,80265,80283,80286,80317,80323,80328,80331,80333,80458,80460,80484,80486,80505,80511,80517,80636,80638,80655,80662,80668,80673,80680,80686,80688,80745,80748,80769,80772,80775,80836,80838,80871,80875,80945,80947,80964,80968,80971,81046,81048,81085,81088,81091,81162,81164,81225,81230,81235,81238,81252,81254,81327,81329,81349,81352,81355,81412,81474,81477,81509,81512,81527,81532,81534,81540,81543,81599,81602,81604,81623,81627,81629,81673,81682,81684,81744,81748,81751,81753,81846,81848,81963,81967,81969,82043,82046,82049,82051,82056,82121,82123,82147,82157,82159,82165,82174,82183,82192,82198,82201,82205,82208,82210,82236],[10,79652,3463,79654,3467],{"id":79653},"python-map-function-explained",[15,79655,39589],{},[20,79657,3470,79658,79660],{},[15,79659,39589],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79662,79663],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[194,79665,79666,79669,79672],{},[197,79667,79668],{},"converting numbers to strings",[197,79670,79671],{},"changing strings to integers",[197,79673,79674],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,79676,79677],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[194,79679,79680,79687,79693],{},[197,79681,79682,32,79684,79686],{},[15,79683,39589],{},[34,79685,36],{}," return a list in Python 3",[197,79688,79689,79690],{},"it returns a ",[34,79691,79692],{},"map object",[197,79694,79695,79696],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,79697,24651],{},[39,79699,42],{"id":41},[44,79701,79703],{"className":46,"code":79702,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79704,79705,79729,79748],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,79706,79707,79709,79711,79713,79715,79717,79719,79721,79723,79725,79727],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,79708,60],{"class":59},[53,79710,31],{"class":63},[53,79712,67],{"class":66},[53,79714,71],{"class":70},[53,79716,74],{"class":66},[53,79718,77],{"class":70},[53,79720,74],{"class":66},[53,79722,82],{"class":70},[53,79724,74],{"class":66},[53,79726,597],{"class":70},[53,79728,85],{"class":66},[53,79730,79731,79733,79735,79738,79740,79742,79744,79746],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,79732,2117],{"class":59},[53,79734,31],{"class":63},[53,79736,79737],{"class":144}," map",[53,79739,127],{"class":66},[53,79741,3330],{"class":1704},[53,79743,74],{"class":66},[53,79745,96],{"class":102},[53,79747,133],{"class":66},[53,79749,79750,79752,79754,79756,79758,79760],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,79751,145],{"class":144},[53,79753,127],{"class":66},[53,79755,7979],{"class":1704},[53,79757,127],{"class":66},[53,79759,2152],{"class":102},[53,79761,1713],{"class":66},[20,79763,301],{},[44,79765,79767],{"className":46,"code":79766,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,79768,79769],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,79770,79771,79773,79775,79777,79779,79781,79783,79785,79787,79789,79791,79793,79795,79797,79799,79801,79803],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,79772,311],{"class":66},[53,79774,314],{"class":228},[53,79776,71],{"class":232},[53,79778,314],{"class":228},[53,79780,74],{"class":66},[53,79782,323],{"class":228},[53,79784,1589],{"class":232},[53,79786,314],{"class":228},[53,79788,74],{"class":66},[53,79790,323],{"class":228},[53,79792,815],{"class":232},[53,79794,314],{"class":228},[53,79796,74],{"class":66},[53,79798,323],{"class":228},[53,79800,130],{"class":232},[53,79802,314],{"class":228},[53,79804,85],{"class":66},[20,79806,174,79807,79810,79811,79813],{},[15,79808,79809],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,79812,24651],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[39,79815,184,79817,187],{"id":79816},"what-map-does",[15,79818,39589],{},[20,79820,79821,79823],{},[15,79822,39589],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79825,79826,79827,79829],{},"An ",[34,79828,3606],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[194,79831,79832,79834,79836,79838],{},[197,79833,37776],{},[197,79835,37779],{},[197,79837,37782],{},[197,79839,79840],{},"a range object",[20,79842,30597],{},[44,79844,79846],{"className":46,"code":79845,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,79847,79848],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,79849,79850,79852,79854,79856,79858,79860],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,79851,39732],{"class":144},[53,79853,127],{"class":66},[53,79855,37735],{"class":102},[53,79857,74],{"class":66},[53,79859,37740],{"class":102},[53,79861,133],{"class":66},[20,79863,79864],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,79866,79867,79868,33614],{},"Important: the result is a ",[34,79869,79692],{},[20,79871,79872,79873,99],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[758,79874,5019],{"href":5018},[39,79876,372],{"id":371},[20,79878,79879,79881],{},[15,79880,39589],{}," needs at least two parts:",[194,79883,79884,79890],{},[197,79885,79886,79889],{},[34,79887,79888],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[197,79891,79892,79895],{},[34,79893,79894],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,79897,3591],{},[44,79899,79900],{"className":46,"code":79845,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,79901,79902],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,79903,79904,79906,79908,79910,79912,79914],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,79905,39732],{"class":144},[53,79907,127],{"class":66},[53,79909,37735],{"class":102},[53,79911,74],{"class":66},[53,79913,37740],{"class":102},[53,79915,133],{"class":66},[20,79917,79918],{},"You can pass:",[194,79920,79921,79930,79933],{},[197,79922,79923,79924,2076,79926,2080,79928],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,79925,3330],{},[15,79927,2075],{},[15,79929,1907],{},[197,79931,79932],{},"your own custom function",[197,79934,79935],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,79937,79938],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,79940,79941,79942,79944],{},"You will often see ",[15,79943,39589],{}," used like this:",[44,79946,79948],{"className":46,"code":79947,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,79949,79950],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,79951,79952,79954,79956,79958,79960,79962,79964,79966],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,79953,7979],{"class":1704},[53,79955,127],{"class":66},[53,79957,39732],{"class":144},[53,79959,127],{"class":66},[53,79961,37735],{"class":102},[53,79963,74],{"class":66},[53,79965,3774],{"class":102},[53,79967,1713],{"class":66},[20,79969,6563,79970,79972],{},[15,79971,24651],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[39,79974,11364],{"id":11363},[20,79976,79977],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[44,79979,79981],{"className":46,"code":79980,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79982,79983,80003,80021,80025],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,79984,79985,79987,79989,79991,79993,79995,79997,79999,80001],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,79986,60],{"class":59},[53,79988,31],{"class":63},[53,79990,67],{"class":66},[53,79992,1188],{"class":70},[53,79994,74],{"class":66},[53,79996,1193],{"class":70},[53,79998,74],{"class":66},[53,80000,1198],{"class":70},[53,80002,85],{"class":66},[53,80004,80005,80007,80009,80011,80013,80015,80017,80019],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,80006,2117],{"class":59},[53,80008,31],{"class":63},[53,80010,79737],{"class":144},[53,80012,127],{"class":66},[53,80014,3330],{"class":1704},[53,80016,74],{"class":66},[53,80018,96],{"class":102},[53,80020,133],{"class":66},[53,80022,80023],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,80024,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,80026,80027,80029,80031,80033,80035,80037],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,80028,145],{"class":144},[53,80030,127],{"class":66},[53,80032,7979],{"class":1704},[53,80034,127],{"class":66},[53,80036,2152],{"class":102},[53,80038,1713],{"class":66},[20,80040,301],{},[44,80042,80044],{"className":46,"code":80043,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,80045,80046],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80047,80048,80050,80052,80054,80056,80058,80060,80062,80064,80066,80068,80070,80072],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80049,311],{"class":66},[53,80051,314],{"class":228},[53,80053,1188],{"class":232},[53,80055,314],{"class":228},[53,80057,74],{"class":66},[53,80059,323],{"class":228},[53,80061,15625],{"class":232},[53,80063,314],{"class":228},[53,80065,74],{"class":66},[53,80067,323],{"class":228},[53,80069,36715],{"class":232},[53,80071,314],{"class":228},[53,80073,85],{"class":66},[20,80075,11573],{},[194,80077,80078,80083,80091,80099,80107],{},[197,80079,80080,80082],{},[15,80081,150],{}," contains integers",[197,80084,80085,80088,80089],{},[15,80086,80087],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,80090,47556],{},[197,80092,80093,42026,80096],{},[15,80094,80095],{},"str(10)",[15,80097,80098],{},"'10'",[197,80100,80101,42026,80104],{},[15,80102,80103],{},"str(20)",[15,80105,80106],{},"'20'",[197,80108,80109,42026,80112],{},[15,80110,80111],{},"str(30)",[15,80113,80114],{},"'30'",[20,80116,973,80117,80119,80120,80122],{},[15,80118,39589],{}," applies ",[15,80121,47556],{}," one item at a time.",[20,80124,80125,80126,80128,80129,99],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,80127,24651],{}," better, see ",[758,80130,3463,80131,3396],{"href":64562},[15,80132,24651],{},[39,80134,485,80136,80138],{"id":80135},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,80137,39589],{}," with your own function",[20,80140,15585,80141,80143],{},[15,80142,39589],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[44,80145,80147],{"className":46,"code":80146,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80148,80149,80162,80172,80176,80200,80219,80223],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80150,80151,80153,80156,80158,80160],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80152,34725],{"class":1954},[53,80154,80155],{"class":34728}," double",[53,80157,127],{"class":66},[53,80159,2060],{"class":37537},[53,80161,8228],{"class":66},[53,80163,80164,80166,80168,80170],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,80165,34736],{"class":3764},[53,80167,3768],{"class":59},[53,80169,39745],{"class":63},[53,80171,45461],{"class":70},[53,80173,80174],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,80175,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,80177,80178,80180,80182,80184,80186,80188,80190,80192,80194,80196,80198],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,80179,60],{"class":59},[53,80181,31],{"class":63},[53,80183,67],{"class":66},[53,80185,71],{"class":70},[53,80187,74],{"class":66},[53,80189,77],{"class":70},[53,80191,74],{"class":66},[53,80193,82],{"class":70},[53,80195,74],{"class":66},[53,80197,597],{"class":70},[53,80199,85],{"class":66},[53,80201,80202,80204,80206,80208,80210,80213,80215,80217],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,80203,2117],{"class":59},[53,80205,31],{"class":63},[53,80207,79737],{"class":144},[53,80209,127],{"class":66},[53,80211,80212],{"class":102},"double",[53,80214,74],{"class":66},[53,80216,96],{"class":102},[53,80218,133],{"class":66},[53,80220,80221],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,80222,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,80224,80225,80227,80229,80231,80233,80235],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,80226,145],{"class":144},[53,80228,127],{"class":66},[53,80230,7979],{"class":1704},[53,80232,127],{"class":66},[53,80234,2152],{"class":102},[53,80236,1713],{"class":66},[20,80238,301],{},[44,80240,80241],{"className":46,"code":39758,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,80242,80243],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80244,80245,80247,80249,80251,80253,80255,80257,80259,80261],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80246,311],{"class":66},[53,80248,1589],{"class":70},[53,80250,74],{"class":66},[53,80252,597],{"class":70},[53,80254,74],{"class":66},[53,80256,37518],{"class":70},[53,80258,74],{"class":66},[53,80260,6246],{"class":70},[53,80262,85],{"class":66},[20,80264,65299],{},[194,80266,80267,80274,80280],{},[197,80268,80269,80271,80272],{},[15,80270,39589],{}," takes the function ",[15,80273,80212],{},[197,80275,80276,80277,80279],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,80278,150],{}," into that function",[197,80281,80282],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,80284,80285],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[194,80287,80288,80295,80302,80310],{},[197,80289,80290,5958,80293],{},[15,80291,80292],{},"double(1)",[15,80294,1589],{},[197,80296,80297,5958,80300],{},[15,80298,80299],{},"double(2)",[15,80301,130],{},[197,80303,80304,5958,80307],{},[15,80305,80306],{},"double(3)",[15,80308,80309],{},"6",[197,80311,80312,5958,80315],{},[15,80313,80314],{},"double(4)",[15,80316,2233],{},[39,80318,485,80320,80322],{"id":80319},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,80321,39589],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,80324,80325,80327],{},[15,80326,39589],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,80329,80330],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,80332,211],{},[44,80334,80336],{"className":46,"code":80335,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80337,80338,80355,80365,80369,80390,80411,80415,80440,80444],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80339,80340,80342,80345,80347,80349,80351,80353],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80341,34725],{"class":1954},[53,80343,80344],{"class":34728}," add_numbers",[53,80346,127],{"class":66},[53,80348,758],{"class":37537},[53,80350,74],{"class":66},[53,80352,2445],{"class":37537},[53,80354,8228],{"class":66},[53,80356,80357,80359,80361,80363],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,80358,34736],{"class":3764},[53,80360,44416],{"class":59},[53,80362,1949],{"class":63},[53,80364,36057],{"class":59},[53,80366,80367],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,80368,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,80370,80371,80374,80376,80378,80380,80382,80384,80386,80388],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,80372,80373],{"class":59},"list1 ",[53,80375,31],{"class":63},[53,80377,67],{"class":66},[53,80379,71],{"class":70},[53,80381,74],{"class":66},[53,80383,77],{"class":70},[53,80385,74],{"class":66},[53,80387,82],{"class":70},[53,80389,85],{"class":66},[53,80391,80392,80395,80397,80399,80401,80403,80405,80407,80409],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,80393,80394],{"class":59},"list2 ",[53,80396,31],{"class":63},[53,80398,67],{"class":66},[53,80400,1188],{"class":70},[53,80402,74],{"class":66},[53,80404,1193],{"class":70},[53,80406,74],{"class":66},[53,80408,1198],{"class":70},[53,80410,85],{"class":66},[53,80412,80413],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,80414,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,80416,80417,80419,80421,80423,80425,80428,80430,80433,80435,80438],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,80418,2117],{"class":59},[53,80420,31],{"class":63},[53,80422,79737],{"class":144},[53,80424,127],{"class":66},[53,80426,80427],{"class":102},"add_numbers",[53,80429,74],{"class":66},[53,80431,80432],{"class":102}," list1",[53,80434,74],{"class":66},[53,80436,80437],{"class":102}," list2",[53,80439,133],{"class":66},[53,80441,80442],{"class":55,"line":6312},[53,80443,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,80445,80446,80448,80450,80452,80454,80456],{"class":55,"line":6318},[53,80447,145],{"class":144},[53,80449,127],{"class":66},[53,80451,7979],{"class":1704},[53,80453,127],{"class":66},[53,80455,2152],{"class":102},[53,80457,1713],{"class":66},[20,80459,301],{},[44,80461,80463],{"className":46,"code":80462,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80464,80465],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80466,80467,80469,80472,80474,80477,80479,80482],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80468,311],{"class":66},[53,80470,80471],{"class":70},"11",[53,80473,74],{"class":66},[53,80475,80476],{"class":70}," 22",[53,80478,74],{"class":66},[53,80480,80481],{"class":70}," 33",[53,80483,85],{"class":66},[20,80485,2065],{},[194,80487,80488,80494,80500],{},[197,80489,80490,80491],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,80492,80493],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[197,80495,80496,80497],{},"then ",[15,80498,80499],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[197,80501,80496,80502],{},[15,80503,80504],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[1327,80506,80508,80510],{"id":80507},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,80509,39589],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,80512,80513,80514,80516],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,80515,39589],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[44,80518,80520],{"className":46,"code":80519,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80521,80522,80538,80548,80552,80576,80592,80596,80618,80622],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80523,80524,80526,80528,80530,80532,80534,80536],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80525,34725],{"class":1954},[53,80527,80344],{"class":34728},[53,80529,127],{"class":66},[53,80531,758],{"class":37537},[53,80533,74],{"class":66},[53,80535,2445],{"class":37537},[53,80537,8228],{"class":66},[53,80539,80540,80542,80544,80546],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,80541,34736],{"class":3764},[53,80543,44416],{"class":59},[53,80545,1949],{"class":63},[53,80547,36057],{"class":59},[53,80549,80550],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,80551,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,80553,80554,80556,80558,80560,80562,80564,80566,80568,80570,80572,80574],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,80555,80373],{"class":59},[53,80557,31],{"class":63},[53,80559,67],{"class":66},[53,80561,71],{"class":70},[53,80563,74],{"class":66},[53,80565,77],{"class":70},[53,80567,74],{"class":66},[53,80569,82],{"class":70},[53,80571,74],{"class":66},[53,80573,597],{"class":70},[53,80575,85],{"class":66},[53,80577,80578,80580,80582,80584,80586,80588,80590],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,80579,80394],{"class":59},[53,80581,31],{"class":63},[53,80583,67],{"class":66},[53,80585,1188],{"class":70},[53,80587,74],{"class":66},[53,80589,1193],{"class":70},[53,80591,85],{"class":66},[53,80593,80594],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,80595,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,80597,80598,80600,80602,80604,80606,80608,80610,80612,80614,80616],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,80599,2117],{"class":59},[53,80601,31],{"class":63},[53,80603,79737],{"class":144},[53,80605,127],{"class":66},[53,80607,80427],{"class":102},[53,80609,74],{"class":66},[53,80611,80432],{"class":102},[53,80613,74],{"class":66},[53,80615,80437],{"class":102},[53,80617,133],{"class":66},[53,80619,80620],{"class":55,"line":6312},[53,80621,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,80623,80624,80626,80628,80630,80632,80634],{"class":55,"line":6318},[53,80625,145],{"class":144},[53,80627,127],{"class":66},[53,80629,7979],{"class":1704},[53,80631,127],{"class":66},[53,80633,2152],{"class":102},[53,80635,1713],{"class":66},[20,80637,301],{},[44,80639,80641],{"className":46,"code":80640,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[11, 22]\n",[15,80642,80643],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80644,80645,80647,80649,80651,80653],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80646,311],{"class":66},[53,80648,80471],{"class":70},[53,80650,74],{"class":66},[53,80652,80476],{"class":70},[53,80654,85],{"class":66},[20,80656,80657,80658,80661],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,80659,80660],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[39,80663,80665,80667],{"id":80664},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,80666,39589],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,80669,37898,80670,80672],{},[15,80671,39589],{}," returns a map object.",[20,80674,80675,80676,80679],{},"This object is ",[34,80677,80678],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[1327,80681,2376,80683,80685],{"id":80682},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,80684,32900],{}," looks strange",[20,80687,33515],{},[44,80689,80691],{"className":46,"code":80690,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,80692,80693,80713,80731,80735],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80694,80695,80697,80699,80701,80703,80705,80707,80709,80711],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80696,60],{"class":59},[53,80698,31],{"class":63},[53,80700,67],{"class":66},[53,80702,71],{"class":70},[53,80704,74],{"class":66},[53,80706,77],{"class":70},[53,80708,74],{"class":66},[53,80710,82],{"class":70},[53,80712,85],{"class":66},[53,80714,80715,80717,80719,80721,80723,80725,80727,80729],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,80716,2117],{"class":59},[53,80718,31],{"class":63},[53,80720,79737],{"class":144},[53,80722,127],{"class":66},[53,80724,3330],{"class":1704},[53,80726,74],{"class":66},[53,80728,96],{"class":102},[53,80730,133],{"class":66},[53,80732,80733],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,80734,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,80736,80737,80739,80741,80743],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,80738,145],{"class":144},[53,80740,127],{"class":66},[53,80742,2152],{"class":102},[53,80744,133],{"class":66},[20,80746,80747],{},"Output will look something like this:",[44,80749,80751],{"className":46,"code":80750,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,80752,80753],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80754,80755,80757,80759,80761,80763,80765,80767],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80756,3178],{"class":63},[53,80758,39732],{"class":144},[53,80760,24487],{"class":1704},[53,80762,37238],{"class":59},[53,80764,37242],{"class":37241},[53,80766,37245],{"class":34326},[53,80768,3190],{"class":63},[20,80770,80771],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,80773,80774],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[44,80776,80778],{"className":46,"code":80777,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80779,80780,80800,80818,80822],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80781,80782,80784,80786,80788,80790,80792,80794,80796,80798],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80783,60],{"class":59},[53,80785,31],{"class":63},[53,80787,67],{"class":66},[53,80789,71],{"class":70},[53,80791,74],{"class":66},[53,80793,77],{"class":70},[53,80795,74],{"class":66},[53,80797,82],{"class":70},[53,80799,85],{"class":66},[53,80801,80802,80804,80806,80808,80810,80812,80814,80816],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,80803,2117],{"class":59},[53,80805,31],{"class":63},[53,80807,79737],{"class":144},[53,80809,127],{"class":66},[53,80811,3330],{"class":1704},[53,80813,74],{"class":66},[53,80815,96],{"class":102},[53,80817,133],{"class":66},[53,80819,80820],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,80821,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,80823,80824,80826,80828,80830,80832,80834],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,80825,145],{"class":144},[53,80827,127],{"class":66},[53,80829,7979],{"class":1704},[53,80831,127],{"class":66},[53,80833,2152],{"class":102},[53,80835,1713],{"class":66},[20,80837,301],{},[44,80839,80841],{"className":46,"code":80840,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,80842,80843],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80844,80845,80847,80849,80851,80853,80855,80857,80859,80861,80863,80865,80867,80869],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80846,311],{"class":66},[53,80848,314],{"class":228},[53,80850,71],{"class":232},[53,80852,314],{"class":228},[53,80854,74],{"class":66},[53,80856,323],{"class":228},[53,80858,1589],{"class":232},[53,80860,314],{"class":228},[53,80862,74],{"class":66},[53,80864,323],{"class":228},[53,80866,815],{"class":232},[53,80868,314],{"class":228},[53,80870,85],{"class":66},[1327,80872,80874],{"id":80873},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[44,80876,80878],{"className":46,"code":80877,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,80879,80880,80900,80918,80922,80935],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80881,80882,80884,80886,80888,80890,80892,80894,80896,80898],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80883,60],{"class":59},[53,80885,31],{"class":63},[53,80887,67],{"class":66},[53,80889,71],{"class":70},[53,80891,74],{"class":66},[53,80893,77],{"class":70},[53,80895,74],{"class":66},[53,80897,82],{"class":70},[53,80899,85],{"class":66},[53,80901,80902,80904,80906,80908,80910,80912,80914,80916],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,80903,2117],{"class":59},[53,80905,31],{"class":63},[53,80907,79737],{"class":144},[53,80909,127],{"class":66},[53,80911,3330],{"class":1704},[53,80913,74],{"class":66},[53,80915,96],{"class":102},[53,80917,133],{"class":66},[53,80919,80920],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,80921,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,80923,80924,80926,80928,80930,80933],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,80925,5843],{"class":3764},[53,80927,5846],{"class":59},[53,80929,3771],{"class":3764},[53,80931,80932],{"class":59}," result",[53,80934,6280],{"class":66},[53,80936,80937,80939,80941,80943],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,80938,7954],{"class":144},[53,80940,127],{"class":66},[53,80942,23180],{"class":102},[53,80944,133],{"class":66},[20,80946,301],{},[44,80948,80950],{"className":46,"code":80949,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,80951,80952,80956,80960],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80953,80954],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80955,46789],{"class":70},[53,80957,80958],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,80959,16926],{"class":70},[53,80961,80962],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,80963,46489],{"class":70},[1327,80965,80967],{"id":80966},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,80969,80970],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[44,80972,80974],{"className":46,"code":80973,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80975,80976,80996,81014,81018,81032],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80977,80978,80980,80982,80984,80986,80988,80990,80992,80994],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80979,60],{"class":59},[53,80981,31],{"class":63},[53,80983,67],{"class":66},[53,80985,71],{"class":70},[53,80987,74],{"class":66},[53,80989,77],{"class":70},[53,80991,74],{"class":66},[53,80993,82],{"class":70},[53,80995,85],{"class":66},[53,80997,80998,81000,81002,81004,81006,81008,81010,81012],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,80999,2117],{"class":59},[53,81001,31],{"class":63},[53,81003,79737],{"class":144},[53,81005,127],{"class":66},[53,81007,3330],{"class":1704},[53,81009,74],{"class":66},[53,81011,96],{"class":102},[53,81013,133],{"class":66},[53,81015,81016],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,81017,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,81019,81020,81022,81024,81026,81028,81030],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,81021,145],{"class":144},[53,81023,127],{"class":66},[53,81025,7979],{"class":1704},[53,81027,127],{"class":66},[53,81029,2152],{"class":102},[53,81031,1713],{"class":66},[53,81033,81034,81036,81038,81040,81042,81044],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,81035,145],{"class":144},[53,81037,127],{"class":66},[53,81039,7979],{"class":1704},[53,81041,127],{"class":66},[53,81043,2152],{"class":102},[53,81045,1713],{"class":66},[20,81047,301],{},[44,81049,81051],{"className":46,"code":81050,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,81052,81053,81081],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,81054,81055,81057,81059,81061,81063,81065,81067,81069,81071,81073,81075,81077,81079],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,81056,311],{"class":66},[53,81058,314],{"class":228},[53,81060,71],{"class":232},[53,81062,314],{"class":228},[53,81064,74],{"class":66},[53,81066,323],{"class":228},[53,81068,1589],{"class":232},[53,81070,314],{"class":228},[53,81072,74],{"class":66},[53,81074,323],{"class":228},[53,81076,815],{"class":232},[53,81078,314],{"class":228},[53,81080,85],{"class":66},[53,81082,81083],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,81084,467],{"class":66},[20,81086,81087],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,81089,81090],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[44,81092,81094],{"className":46,"code":81093,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,81095,81096,81116,81138,81142,81152],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,81097,81098,81100,81102,81104,81106,81108,81110,81112,81114],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,81099,60],{"class":59},[53,81101,31],{"class":63},[53,81103,67],{"class":66},[53,81105,71],{"class":70},[53,81107,74],{"class":66},[53,81109,77],{"class":70},[53,81111,74],{"class":66},[53,81113,82],{"class":70},[53,81115,85],{"class":66},[53,81117,81118,81120,81122,81124,81126,81128,81130,81132,81134,81136],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,81119,2117],{"class":59},[53,81121,31],{"class":63},[53,81123,22429],{"class":1704},[53,81125,127],{"class":66},[53,81127,39732],{"class":144},[53,81129,127],{"class":66},[53,81131,3330],{"class":1704},[53,81133,74],{"class":66},[53,81135,96],{"class":102},[53,81137,1713],{"class":66},[53,81139,81140],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,81141,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,81143,81144,81146,81148,81150],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,81145,145],{"class":144},[53,81147,127],{"class":66},[53,81149,2152],{"class":102},[53,81151,133],{"class":66},[53,81153,81154,81156,81158,81160],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,81155,145],{"class":144},[53,81157,127],{"class":66},[53,81159,2152],{"class":102},[53,81161,133],{"class":66},[20,81163,301],{},[44,81165,81167],{"className":46,"code":81166,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81168,81169,81197],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,81170,81171,81173,81175,81177,81179,81181,81183,81185,81187,81189,81191,81193,81195],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,81172,311],{"class":66},[53,81174,314],{"class":228},[53,81176,71],{"class":232},[53,81178,314],{"class":228},[53,81180,74],{"class":66},[53,81182,323],{"class":228},[53,81184,1589],{"class":232},[53,81186,314],{"class":228},[53,81188,74],{"class":66},[53,81190,323],{"class":228},[53,81192,815],{"class":232},[53,81194,314],{"class":228},[53,81196,85],{"class":66},[53,81198,81199,81201,81203,81205,81207,81209,81211,81213,81215,81217,81219,81221,81223],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,81200,311],{"class":66},[53,81202,314],{"class":228},[53,81204,71],{"class":232},[53,81206,314],{"class":228},[53,81208,74],{"class":66},[53,81210,323],{"class":228},[53,81212,1589],{"class":232},[53,81214,314],{"class":228},[53,81216,74],{"class":66},[53,81218,323],{"class":228},[53,81220,815],{"class":232},[53,81222,314],{"class":228},[53,81224,85],{"class":66},[39,81226,1145,81228],{"id":81227},"when-to-use-map",[15,81229,39589],{},[20,81231,81232,81234],{},[15,81233,39589],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,81236,81237],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[194,81239,81240,81244,81248],{},[197,81241,81242],{},[15,81243,3330],{},[197,81245,81246],{},[15,81247,2075],{},[197,81249,81250],{},[15,81251,1907],{},[20,81253,211],{},[44,81255,81257],{"className":46,"code":81256,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,81258,81259,81291,81313,81317],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,81260,81261,81263,81265,81267,81269,81271,81273,81275,81277,81279,81281,81283,81285,81287,81289],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,81262,3709],{"class":59},[53,81264,31],{"class":63},[53,81266,67],{"class":66},[53,81268,314],{"class":228},[53,81270,71],{"class":232},[53,81272,314],{"class":228},[53,81274,74],{"class":66},[53,81276,323],{"class":228},[53,81278,1589],{"class":232},[53,81280,314],{"class":228},[53,81282,74],{"class":66},[53,81284,323],{"class":228},[53,81286,815],{"class":232},[53,81288,314],{"class":228},[53,81290,85],{"class":66},[53,81292,81293,81295,81297,81299,81301,81303,81305,81307,81309,81311],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,81294,60],{"class":59},[53,81296,31],{"class":63},[53,81298,22429],{"class":1704},[53,81300,127],{"class":66},[53,81302,39732],{"class":144},[53,81304,127],{"class":66},[53,81306,2075],{"class":1704},[53,81308,74],{"class":66},[53,81310,3774],{"class":102},[53,81312,1713],{"class":66},[53,81314,81315],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,81316,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,81318,81319,81321,81323,81325],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,81320,145],{"class":144},[53,81322,127],{"class":66},[53,81324,150],{"class":102},[53,81326,133],{"class":66},[20,81328,301],{},[44,81330,81331],{"className":46,"code":55015,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,81332,81333],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,81334,81335,81337,81339,81341,81343,81345,81347],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,81336,311],{"class":66},[53,81338,71],{"class":70},[53,81340,74],{"class":66},[53,81342,77],{"class":70},[53,81344,74],{"class":66},[53,81346,82],{"class":70},[53,81348,85],{"class":66},[20,81350,81351],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,81353,81354],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[44,81356,81358],{"className":46,"code":81357,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81359,81360,81380,81402],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,81361,81362,81364,81366,81368,81370,81372,81374,81376,81378],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,81363,60],{"class":59},[53,81365,31],{"class":63},[53,81367,67],{"class":66},[53,81369,71],{"class":70},[53,81371,74],{"class":66},[53,81373,77],{"class":70},[53,81375,74],{"class":66},[53,81377,82],{"class":70},[53,81379,85],{"class":66},[53,81381,81382,81384,81386,81388,81390,81392,81394,81396,81398,81400],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,81383,2117],{"class":59},[53,81385,31],{"class":63},[53,81387,22429],{"class":1704},[53,81389,127],{"class":66},[53,81391,39732],{"class":144},[53,81393,127],{"class":66},[53,81395,3330],{"class":1704},[53,81397,74],{"class":66},[53,81399,96],{"class":102},[53,81401,1713],{"class":66},[53,81403,81404,81406,81408,81410],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,81405,145],{"class":144},[53,81407,127],{"class":66},[53,81409,2152],{"class":102},[53,81411,133],{"class":66},[44,81413,81415],{"className":46,"code":81414,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81416,81417,81437,81464],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,81418,81419,81421,81423,81425,81427,81429,81431,81433,81435],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,81420,60],{"class":59},[53,81422,31],{"class":63},[53,81424,67],{"class":66},[53,81426,71],{"class":70},[53,81428,74],{"class":66},[53,81430,77],{"class":70},[53,81432,74],{"class":66},[53,81434,82],{"class":70},[53,81436,85],{"class":66},[53,81438,81439,81441,81443,81445,81447,81449,81451,81453,81455,81458,81460,81462],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,81440,2117],{"class":59},[53,81442,31],{"class":63},[53,81444,67],{"class":66},[53,81446,3330],{"class":1704},[53,81448,127],{"class":66},[53,81450,75745],{"class":102},[53,81452,153],{"class":66},[53,81454,3765],{"class":3764},[53,81456,81457],{"class":59}," n ",[53,81459,3771],{"class":3764},[53,81461,96],{"class":59},[53,81463,85],{"class":66},[53,81465,81466,81468,81470,81472],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,81467,145],{"class":144},[53,81469,127],{"class":66},[53,81471,2152],{"class":102},[53,81473,133],{"class":66},[20,81475,81476],{},"Both produce:",[44,81478,81479],{"className":46,"code":80840,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,81480,81481],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,81482,81483,81485,81487,81489,81491,81493,81495,81497,81499,81501,81503,81505,81507],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,81484,311],{"class":66},[53,81486,314],{"class":228},[53,81488,71],{"class":232},[53,81490,314],{"class":228},[53,81492,74],{"class":66},[53,81494,323],{"class":228},[53,81496,1589],{"class":232},[53,81498,314],{"class":228},[53,81500,74],{"class":66},[53,81502,323],{"class":228},[53,81504,815],{"class":232},[53,81506,314],{"class":228},[53,81508,85],{"class":66},[20,81510,81511],{},"A simple rule:",[194,81513,81514,81519,81524],{},[197,81515,39863,81516,81518],{},[15,81517,39589],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[197,81520,39869,81521,81523],{},[15,81522,5843],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[197,81525,81526],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,81528,81529,81530,99],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[758,81531,4280],{"href":4279},[39,81533,1320],{"id":1319},[1327,81535,81537,81538],{"id":81536},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,81539,24651],{},[20,81541,81542],{},"This is very common:",[44,81544,81545],{"className":46,"code":80690,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,81546,81547,81567,81585,81589],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,81548,81549,81551,81553,81555,81557,81559,81561,81563,81565],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,81550,60],{"class":59},[53,81552,31],{"class":63},[53,81554,67],{"class":66},[53,81556,71],{"class":70},[53,81558,74],{"class":66},[53,81560,77],{"class":70},[53,81562,74],{"class":66},[53,81564,82],{"class":70},[53,81566,85],{"class":66},[53,81568,81569,81571,81573,81575,81577,81579,81581,81583],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,81570,2117],{"class":59},[53,81572,31],{"class":63},[53,81574,79737],{"class":144},[53,81576,127],{"class":66},[53,81578,3330],{"class":1704},[53,81580,74],{"class":66},[53,81582,96],{"class":102},[53,81584,133],{"class":66},[53,81586,81587],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,81588,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,81590,81591,81593,81595,81597],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,81592,145],{"class":144},[53,81594,127],{"class":66},[53,81596,2152],{"class":102},[53,81598,133],{"class":66},[20,81600,81601],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,81603,1524],{},[44,81605,81607],{"className":46,"code":81606,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(list(result))\n",[15,81608,81609],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,81610,81611,81613,81615,81617,81619,81621],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,81612,145],{"class":144},[53,81614,127],{"class":66},[53,81616,7979],{"class":1704},[53,81618,127],{"class":66},[53,81620,2152],{"class":102},[53,81622,1713],{"class":66},[1327,81624,81626],{"id":81625},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,81628,16514],{},[44,81630,81632],{"className":46,"code":81631,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,81633,81634,81654],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,81635,81636,81638,81640,81642,81644,81646,81648,81650,81652],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,81637,60],{"class":59},[53,81639,31],{"class":63},[53,81641,67],{"class":66},[53,81643,71],{"class":70},[53,81645,74],{"class":66},[53,81647,77],{"class":70},[53,81649,74],{"class":66},[53,81651,82],{"class":70},[53,81653,85],{"class":66},[53,81655,81656,81658,81660,81662,81664,81666,81669,81671],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,81657,2117],{"class":59},[53,81659,31],{"class":63},[53,81661,79737],{"class":144},[53,81663,127],{"class":66},[53,81665,3330],{"class":1704},[53,81667,81668],{"class":66},"(),",[53,81670,96],{"class":102},[53,81672,133],{"class":66},[20,81674,81675,81676,81678,81679,81681],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,81677,47556],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,81680,39589],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,81683,1015],{},[44,81685,81686],{"className":46,"code":80777,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,81687,81688,81708,81726,81730],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,81689,81690,81692,81694,81696,81698,81700,81702,81704,81706],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,81691,60],{"class":59},[53,81693,31],{"class":63},[53,81695,67],{"class":66},[53,81697,71],{"class":70},[53,81699,74],{"class":66},[53,81701,77],{"class":70},[53,81703,74],{"class":66},[53,81705,82],{"class":70},[53,81707,85],{"class":66},[53,81709,81710,81712,81714,81716,81718,81720,81722,81724],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,81711,2117],{"class":59},[53,81713,31],{"class":63},[53,81715,79737],{"class":144},[53,81717,127],{"class":66},[53,81719,3330],{"class":1704},[53,81721,74],{"class":66},[53,81723,96],{"class":102},[53,81725,133],{"class":66},[53,81727,81728],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,81729,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,81731,81732,81734,81736,81738,81740,81742],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,81733,145],{"class":144},[53,81735,127],{"class":66},[53,81737,7979],{"class":1704},[53,81739,127],{"class":66},[53,81741,2152],{"class":102},[53,81743,1713],{"class":66},[1327,81745,81747],{"id":81746},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,81749,81750],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,81752,16514],{},[44,81754,81756],{"className":46,"code":81755,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81757,81758,81775,81785,81789,81809,81828,81832],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,81759,81760,81762,81765,81767,81769,81771,81773],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,81761,34725],{"class":1954},[53,81763,81764],{"class":34728}," add",[53,81766,127],{"class":66},[53,81768,758],{"class":37537},[53,81770,74],{"class":66},[53,81772,2445],{"class":37537},[53,81774,8228],{"class":66},[53,81776,81777,81779,81781,81783],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,81778,34736],{"class":3764},[53,81780,44416],{"class":59},[53,81782,1949],{"class":63},[53,81784,36057],{"class":59},[53,81786,81787],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,81788,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,81790,81791,81793,81795,81797,81799,81801,81803,81805,81807],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,81792,60],{"class":59},[53,81794,31],{"class":63},[53,81796,67],{"class":66},[53,81798,71],{"class":70},[53,81800,74],{"class":66},[53,81802,77],{"class":70},[53,81804,74],{"class":66},[53,81806,82],{"class":70},[53,81808,85],{"class":66},[53,81810,81811,81813,81815,81817,81819,81822,81824,81826],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,81812,2117],{"class":59},[53,81814,31],{"class":63},[53,81816,79737],{"class":144},[53,81818,127],{"class":66},[53,81820,81821],{"class":102},"add",[53,81823,74],{"class":66},[53,81825,96],{"class":102},[53,81827,133],{"class":66},[53,81829,81830],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,81831,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,81833,81834,81836,81838,81840,81842,81844],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,81835,145],{"class":144},[53,81837,127],{"class":66},[53,81839,7979],{"class":1704},[53,81841,127],{"class":66},[53,81843,2152],{"class":102},[53,81845,1713],{"class":66},[20,81847,1015],{},[44,81849,81851],{"className":46,"code":81850,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81852,81853,81869,81879,81883,81903,81923,81945,81949],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,81854,81855,81857,81859,81861,81863,81865,81867],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,81856,34725],{"class":1954},[53,81858,81764],{"class":34728},[53,81860,127],{"class":66},[53,81862,758],{"class":37537},[53,81864,74],{"class":66},[53,81866,2445],{"class":37537},[53,81868,8228],{"class":66},[53,81870,81871,81873,81875,81877],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,81872,34736],{"class":3764},[53,81874,44416],{"class":59},[53,81876,1949],{"class":63},[53,81878,36057],{"class":59},[53,81880,81881],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,81882,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,81884,81885,81887,81889,81891,81893,81895,81897,81899,81901],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,81886,80373],{"class":59},[53,81888,31],{"class":63},[53,81890,67],{"class":66},[53,81892,71],{"class":70},[53,81894,74],{"class":66},[53,81896,77],{"class":70},[53,81898,74],{"class":66},[53,81900,82],{"class":70},[53,81902,85],{"class":66},[53,81904,81905,81907,81909,81911,81913,81915,81917,81919,81921],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,81906,80394],{"class":59},[53,81908,31],{"class":63},[53,81910,67],{"class":66},[53,81912,1188],{"class":70},[53,81914,74],{"class":66},[53,81916,1193],{"class":70},[53,81918,74],{"class":66},[53,81920,1198],{"class":70},[53,81922,85],{"class":66},[53,81924,81925,81927,81929,81931,81933,81935,81937,81939,81941,81943],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,81926,2117],{"class":59},[53,81928,31],{"class":63},[53,81930,79737],{"class":144},[53,81932,127],{"class":66},[53,81934,81821],{"class":102},[53,81936,74],{"class":66},[53,81938,80432],{"class":102},[53,81940,74],{"class":66},[53,81942,80437],{"class":102},[53,81944,133],{"class":66},[53,81946,81947],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,81948,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,81950,81951,81953,81955,81957,81959,81961],{"class":55,"line":6312},[53,81952,145],{"class":144},[53,81954,127],{"class":66},[53,81956,7979],{"class":1704},[53,81958,127],{"class":66},[53,81960,2152],{"class":102},[53,81962,1713],{"class":66},[1327,81964,81966],{"id":81965},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,81968,16514],{},[44,81970,81971],{"className":46,"code":80973,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,81972,81973,81993,82011,82015,82029],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,81974,81975,81977,81979,81981,81983,81985,81987,81989,81991],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,81976,60],{"class":59},[53,81978,31],{"class":63},[53,81980,67],{"class":66},[53,81982,71],{"class":70},[53,81984,74],{"class":66},[53,81986,77],{"class":70},[53,81988,74],{"class":66},[53,81990,82],{"class":70},[53,81992,85],{"class":66},[53,81994,81995,81997,81999,82001,82003,82005,82007,82009],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,81996,2117],{"class":59},[53,81998,31],{"class":63},[53,82000,79737],{"class":144},[53,82002,127],{"class":66},[53,82004,3330],{"class":1704},[53,82006,74],{"class":66},[53,82008,96],{"class":102},[53,82010,133],{"class":66},[53,82012,82013],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,82014,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,82016,82017,82019,82021,82023,82025,82027],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,82018,145],{"class":144},[53,82020,127],{"class":66},[53,82022,7979],{"class":1704},[53,82024,127],{"class":66},[53,82026,2152],{"class":102},[53,82028,1713],{"class":66},[53,82030,82031,82033,82035,82037,82039,82041],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,82032,145],{"class":144},[53,82034,127],{"class":66},[53,82036,7979],{"class":1704},[53,82038,127],{"class":66},[53,82040,2152],{"class":102},[53,82042,1713],{"class":66},[20,82044,82045],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,82047,82048],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[39,82050,67610],{"id":67609},[20,82052,8762,82053,82055],{},[15,82054,39589],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[44,82057,82059],{"className":46,"code":82058,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,82060,82061,82071,82085,82099,82111],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82062,82063,82065,82067,82069],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82064,145],{"class":144},[53,82066,127],{"class":66},[53,82068,2152],{"class":102},[53,82070,133],{"class":66},[53,82072,82073,82075,82077,82079,82081,82083],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,82074,145],{"class":144},[53,82076,127],{"class":66},[53,82078,7979],{"class":1704},[53,82080,127],{"class":66},[53,82082,2152],{"class":102},[53,82084,1713],{"class":66},[53,82086,82087,82089,82091,82093,82095,82097],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,82088,145],{"class":144},[53,82090,127],{"class":66},[53,82092,1705],{"class":1704},[53,82094,127],{"class":66},[53,82096,2152],{"class":102},[53,82098,1713],{"class":66},[53,82100,82101,82103,82105,82107,82109],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,82102,5843],{"class":3764},[53,82104,5846],{"class":59},[53,82106,3771],{"class":3764},[53,82108,80932],{"class":59},[53,82110,6280],{"class":66},[53,82112,82113,82115,82117,82119],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,82114,7954],{"class":144},[53,82116,127],{"class":66},[53,82118,23180],{"class":102},[53,82120,133],{"class":66},[20,82122,12560],{},[194,82124,82125,82130,82135,82141],{},[197,82126,82127,82129],{},[15,82128,32900],{}," shows that you have a map object",[197,82131,82132,82134],{},[15,82133,32908],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[197,82136,82137,82140],{},[15,82138,82139],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[197,82142,82143,82144,82146],{},"looping over ",[15,82145,2152],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,82148,82149,82150,82153,82154,82156],{},"Be careful: ",[15,82151,82152],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,82155,5843],{}," loop consume the map object.",[39,82158,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,82160,1729,82162,82164],{"id":82161},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,82163,39589],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,82166,82167,82168,82170,82171,23808],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,82169,39589],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,82172,82173],{},"list(map(...))",[1327,82175,1756,82177,82179,82180,82182],{"id":82176},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,82178,39589],{}," better than a ",[15,82181,5843],{}," loop?",[20,82184,82185,82186,82188,82189,82191],{},"Not always. ",[15,82187,39589],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,82190,5843],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[1327,82193,5053,82195,82197],{"id":82194},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,82196,39589],{}," use more than one list?",[20,82199,82200],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[1327,82202,82204],{"id":82203},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,82206,82207],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[39,82209,1788],{"id":1787},[194,82211,82212,82218,82224,82228,82232],{},[197,82213,82214],{},[758,82215,3463,82216,3396],{"href":39958},[15,82217,37450],{},[197,82219,82220],{},[758,82221,3463,82222,3396],{"href":64562},[15,82223,24651],{},[197,82225,82226],{},[758,82227,5104],{"href":5014},[197,82229,82230],{},[758,82231,5109],{"href":4279},[197,82233,82234],{},[758,82235,5099],{"href":5018},[1817,82237,82238],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":82240},[82241,82242,82244,82245,82246,82248,82253,82260,82262,82269,82270,82279],{"id":41,"depth":88,"text":42},{"id":79816,"depth":88,"text":82243},"What map() does",{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372},{"id":11363,"depth":88,"text":11364},{"id":80135,"depth":88,"text":82247},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80319,"depth":88,"text":82249,"children":82250},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82251],{"id":80507,"depth":109,"text":82252},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":80664,"depth":88,"text":82254,"children":82255},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82256,82258,82259],{"id":80682,"depth":109,"text":82257},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":80873,"depth":109,"text":80874},{"id":80966,"depth":109,"text":80967},{"id":81227,"depth":88,"text":82261},"When to use map()",{"id":1319,"depth":88,"text":1320,"children":82263},[82264,82266,82267,82268],{"id":81536,"depth":109,"text":82265},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81625,"depth":109,"text":81626},{"id":81746,"depth":109,"text":81747},{"id":81965,"depth":109,"text":81966},{"id":67609,"depth":88,"text":67610},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":82271},[82272,82274,82276,82278],{"id":82161,"depth":109,"text":82273},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82176,"depth":109,"text":82275},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82194,"depth":109,"text":82277},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82203,"depth":109,"text":82204},{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":79648,"description":82280},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82287,"title":82288,"body":82289,"description":84309,"extension":1853,"meta":84310,"navigation":112,"path":84311,"seo":84312,"stem":84313,"__hash__":84314},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82290,"toc":84267},[82291,82297,82302,82305,82313,82316,82318,82442,82444,82462,82464,82484,82489,82493,82507,82510,82513,82515,82520,82632,82635,82653,82659,82662,82724,82726,82735,82738,82752,82754,82802,82804,82813,82823,82829,82832,82859,82861,82869,82872,82875,82945,82947,82955,82958,82963,82968,83019,83021,83029,83032,83034,83051,83053,83105,83108,83114,83118,83123,83126,83130,83189,83191,83200,83206,83215,83219,83282,83284,83292,83297,83301,83306,83386,83388,83397,83404,83409,83414,83417,83452,83454,83462,83465,83471,83473,83523,83525,83534,83537,83555,83557,83562,83568,83575,83602,83604,83627,83632,83667,83672,83678,83683,83726,83729,83732,83771,83778,83784,83789,83804,83808,83815,83818,83822,83827,83831,83836,83838,83899,83901,83930,83935,83942,83951,83953,83956,83981,83983,84086,84089,84107,84116,84118,84123,84126,84132,84135,84137,84147,84153,84157,84215,84222,84230,84232,84264],[10,82292,3463,82294,3467],{"id":82293},"python-max-function-explained",[15,82295,82296],{},"max()",[20,82298,9010,82299,82301],{},[15,82300,82296],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,82303,82304],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[194,82306,82307,82310],{},[197,82308,82309],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[197,82311,82312],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,82314,82315],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[39,82317,42],{"id":41},[44,82319,82321],{"className":46,"code":82320,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82322,82323,82347,82362,82366,82392,82396,82428],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82324,82325,82327,82329,82331,82333,82335,82337,82339,82341,82343,82345],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82326,60],{"class":59},[53,82328,31],{"class":63},[53,82330,67],{"class":66},[53,82332,815],{"class":70},[53,82334,74],{"class":66},[53,82336,6246],{"class":70},[53,82338,74],{"class":66},[53,82340,77],{"class":70},[53,82342,74],{"class":66},[53,82344,4491],{"class":70},[53,82346,85],{"class":66},[53,82348,82349,82351,82353,82356,82358,82360],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,82350,145],{"class":144},[53,82352,127],{"class":66},[53,82354,82355],{"class":144},"max",[53,82357,127],{"class":66},[53,82359,150],{"class":102},[53,82361,1713],{"class":66},[53,82363,82364],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,82365,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,82367,82368,82370,82372,82374,82376,82378,82380,82382,82384,82386,82388,82390],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,82369,145],{"class":144},[53,82371,127],{"class":66},[53,82373,82355],{"class":144},[53,82375,127],{"class":66},[53,82377,815],{"class":70},[53,82379,74],{"class":66},[53,82381,6246],{"class":70},[53,82383,74],{"class":66},[53,82385,77],{"class":70},[53,82387,74],{"class":66},[53,82389,4491],{"class":70},[53,82391,1713],{"class":66},[53,82393,82394],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,82395,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,82397,82398,82400,82402,82404,82406,82408,82410,82412,82414,82416,82418,82420,82422,82424,82426],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,82399,3959],{"class":59},[53,82401,31],{"class":63},[53,82403,67],{"class":66},[53,82405,229],{"class":228},[53,82407,233],{"class":232},[53,82409,229],{"class":228},[53,82411,74],{"class":66},[53,82413,240],{"class":228},[53,82415,243],{"class":232},[53,82417,229],{"class":228},[53,82419,74],{"class":66},[53,82421,240],{"class":228},[53,82423,78459],{"class":232},[53,82425,229],{"class":228},[53,82427,85],{"class":66},[53,82429,82430,82432,82434,82436,82438,82440],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,82431,145],{"class":144},[53,82433,127],{"class":66},[53,82435,82355],{"class":144},[53,82437,127],{"class":66},[53,82439,4001],{"class":102},[53,82441,1713],{"class":66},[20,82443,301],{},[44,82445,82447],{"className":46,"code":82446,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,82448,82449,82453,82457],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82450,82451],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82452,2269],{"class":70},[53,82454,82455],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,82456,2269],{"class":70},[53,82458,82459],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,82460,82461],{"class":59},"pear\n",[20,82463,19825],{},[194,82465,82466,82472,82478],{},[197,82467,82468,82471],{},[15,82469,82470],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[197,82473,82474,82477],{},[15,82475,82476],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[197,82479,82480,82483],{},[15,82481,82482],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[39,82485,184,82487,187],{"id":82486},"what-max-does",[15,82488,82296],{},[20,82490,82491,192],{},[15,82492,82296],{},[194,82494,82495,82498,82501,82504],{},[197,82496,82497],{},"Returns the largest item",[197,82499,82500],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[197,82502,82503],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[197,82505,82506],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,82508,82509],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,82511,82512],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[39,82514,372],{"id":371},[20,82516,82517,82518,192],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,82519,82296],{},[44,82521,82523],{"className":46,"code":82522,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,82524,82525,82535,82559,82581,82604],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82526,82527,82529,82531,82533],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82528,82355],{"class":144},[53,82530,127],{"class":66},[53,82532,3606],{"class":102},[53,82534,133],{"class":66},[53,82536,82537,82539,82541,82543,82545,82548,82550,82552,82554,82557],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,82538,82355],{"class":144},[53,82540,127],{"class":66},[53,82542,3606],{"class":102},[53,82544,74],{"class":66},[53,82546,82547],{"class":63}," *",[53,82549,74],{"class":66},[53,82551,21448],{"class":9063},[53,82553,31],{"class":63},[53,82555,82556],{"class":102},"func",[53,82558,133],{"class":66},[53,82560,82561,82563,82565,82567,82569,82571,82573,82575,82577,82579],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,82562,82355],{"class":144},[53,82564,127],{"class":66},[53,82566,3606],{"class":102},[53,82568,74],{"class":66},[53,82570,82547],{"class":63},[53,82572,74],{"class":66},[53,82574,26393],{"class":9063},[53,82576,31],{"class":63},[53,82578,2360],{"class":102},[53,82580,133],{"class":66},[53,82582,82583,82585,82587,82590,82592,82595,82597,82599,82602],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,82584,82355],{"class":144},[53,82586,127],{"class":66},[53,82588,82589],{"class":102},"arg1",[53,82591,74],{"class":66},[53,82593,82594],{"class":102}," arg2",[53,82596,74],{"class":66},[53,82598,82547],{"class":63},[53,82600,82601],{"class":102},"args",[53,82603,133],{"class":66},[53,82605,82606,82608,82610,82612,82614,82616,82618,82620,82622,82624,82626,82628,82630],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,82607,82355],{"class":144},[53,82609,127],{"class":66},[53,82611,82589],{"class":102},[53,82613,74],{"class":66},[53,82615,82594],{"class":102},[53,82617,74],{"class":66},[53,82619,82547],{"class":63},[53,82621,82601],{"class":102},[53,82623,74],{"class":66},[53,82625,21448],{"class":9063},[53,82627,31],{"class":63},[53,82629,82556],{"class":102},[53,82631,133],{"class":66},[20,82633,82634],{},"The most important parts are:",[194,82636,82637,82642,82647],{},[197,82638,82639,82641],{},[15,82640,3606],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[197,82643,82644,82646],{},[15,82645,14714],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[197,82648,82649,82652],{},[15,82650,82651],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[39,82654,485,82656,82658],{"id":82655},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,82657,82296],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,82660,82661],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[44,82663,82665],{"className":46,"code":82664,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,82666,82667,82693,82709,82713],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82668,82669,82671,82673,82675,82678,82680,82682,82684,82686,82688,82691],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82670,1181],{"class":59},[53,82672,31],{"class":63},[53,82674,67],{"class":66},[53,82676,82677],{"class":70},"72",[53,82679,74],{"class":66},[53,82681,51382],{"class":70},[53,82683,74],{"class":66},[53,82685,13386],{"class":70},[53,82687,74],{"class":66},[53,82689,82690],{"class":70}," 66",[53,82692,85],{"class":66},[53,82694,82695,82698,82700,82703,82705,82707],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,82696,82697],{"class":59},"highest_score ",[53,82699,31],{"class":63},[53,82701,82702],{"class":144}," max",[53,82704,127],{"class":66},[53,82706,1225],{"class":102},[53,82708,133],{"class":66},[53,82710,82711],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,82712,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,82714,82715,82717,82719,82722],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,82716,145],{"class":144},[53,82718,127],{"class":66},[53,82720,82721],{"class":102},"highest_score",[53,82723,133],{"class":66},[20,82725,301],{},[44,82727,82729],{"className":46,"code":82728,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"91\n",[15,82730,82731],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82732,82733],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82734,82728],{"class":70},[20,82736,82737],{},"This works well for:",[194,82739,82740,82743,82746,82749],{},[197,82741,82742],{},"Scores",[197,82744,82745],{},"Prices",[197,82747,82748],{},"Ages",[197,82750,82751],{},"Counts",[20,82753,51952],{},[44,82755,82757],{"className":46,"code":82756,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,82758,82759,82787],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82760,82761,82764,82766,82768,82770,82772,82775,82777,82780,82782,82785],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82762,82763],{"class":59},"prices ",[53,82765,31],{"class":63},[53,82767,67],{"class":66},[53,82769,40271],{"class":70},[53,82771,74],{"class":66},[53,82773,82774],{"class":70}," 5.50",[53,82776,74],{"class":66},[53,82778,82779],{"class":70}," 12.75",[53,82781,74],{"class":66},[53,82783,82784],{"class":70}," 29.00",[53,82786,85],{"class":66},[53,82788,82789,82791,82793,82795,82797,82800],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,82790,145],{"class":144},[53,82792,127],{"class":66},[53,82794,82355],{"class":144},[53,82796,127],{"class":66},[53,82798,82799],{"class":102},"prices",[53,82801,1713],{"class":66},[20,82803,301],{},[44,82805,82807],{"className":46,"code":82806,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"29.0\n",[15,82808,82809],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82810,82811],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82812,82806],{"class":70},[20,82814,82815,82816,82818,82819,99],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,82817,82296],{}," is simpler than ",[758,82820,82821],{"href":74236},[15,82822,74139],{},[39,82824,485,82826,82828],{"id":82825},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,82827,82296],{}," with separate values",[20,82830,82831],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[44,82833,82835],{"className":46,"code":82834,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,82836,82837],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82838,82839,82841,82843,82845,82847,82849,82851,82853,82855,82857],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82840,145],{"class":144},[53,82842,127],{"class":66},[53,82844,82355],{"class":144},[53,82846,127],{"class":66},[53,82848,130],{"class":70},[53,82850,74],{"class":66},[53,82852,30815],{"class":70},[53,82854,74],{"class":66},[53,82856,5879],{"class":70},[53,82858,1713],{"class":66},[20,82860,301],{},[44,82862,82863],{"className":46,"code":2112,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,82864,82865],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82866,82867],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82868,2112],{"class":70},[20,82870,82871],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,82873,82874],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[44,82876,82878],{"className":46,"code":82877,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,82879,82880,82889,82897,82907,82911,82934],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82881,82882,82884,82886],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82883,1345],{"class":59},[53,82885,31],{"class":63},[53,82887,82888],{"class":70}," 15\n",[53,82890,82891,82893,82895],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,82892,1366],{"class":59},[53,82894,31],{"class":63},[53,82896,2654],{"class":70},[53,82898,82899,82902,82904],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,82900,82901],{"class":59},"c ",[53,82903,31],{"class":63},[53,82905,82906],{"class":70}," 27\n",[53,82908,82909],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,82910,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,82912,82913,82916,82918,82920,82922,82924,82926,82928,82930,82932],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,82914,82915],{"class":59},"largest ",[53,82917,31],{"class":63},[53,82919,82702],{"class":144},[53,82921,127],{"class":66},[53,82923,758],{"class":102},[53,82925,74],{"class":66},[53,82927,2445],{"class":102},[53,82929,74],{"class":66},[53,82931,9570],{"class":102},[53,82933,133],{"class":66},[53,82935,82936,82938,82940,82943],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,82937,145],{"class":144},[53,82939,127],{"class":66},[53,82941,82942],{"class":102},"largest",[53,82944,133],{"class":66},[20,82946,301],{},[44,82948,82949],{"className":46,"code":46484,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,82950,82951],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82952,82953],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82954,46484],{"class":70},[20,82956,82957],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[39,82959,485,82961,46931],{"id":82960},"using-max-with-strings",[15,82962,82296],{},[20,82964,82965,82967],{},[15,82966,82296],{}," can compare strings too.",[44,82969,82971],{"className":46,"code":82970,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82972,82973,83005],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82974,82975,82977,82979,82981,82983,82985,82987,82989,82991,82993,82995,82997,82999,83001,83003],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82976,3959],{"class":59},[53,82978,31],{"class":63},[53,82980,67],{"class":66},[53,82982,229],{"class":228},[53,82984,233],{"class":232},[53,82986,229],{"class":228},[53,82988,74],{"class":66},[53,82990,240],{"class":228},[53,82992,243],{"class":232},[53,82994,229],{"class":228},[53,82996,74],{"class":66},[53,82998,240],{"class":228},[53,83000,78459],{"class":232},[53,83002,229],{"class":228},[53,83004,85],{"class":66},[53,83006,83007,83009,83011,83013,83015,83017],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,83008,145],{"class":144},[53,83010,127],{"class":66},[53,83012,82355],{"class":144},[53,83014,127],{"class":66},[53,83016,4001],{"class":102},[53,83018,1713],{"class":66},[20,83020,301],{},[44,83022,83023],{"className":46,"code":82461,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,83024,83025],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83026,83027],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83028,82461],{"class":59},[20,83030,83031],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,83033,67998],{},[194,83035,83036,83045,83048],{},[197,83037,83038,83041,83042,83044],{},[15,83039,83040],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,83043,64989],{}," alphabetically",[197,83046,83047],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[197,83049,83050],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,83052,211],{},[44,83054,83056],{"className":46,"code":83055,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83057,83058,83091],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83059,83060,83062,83064,83066,83068,83070,83072,83074,83076,83079,83081,83083,83085,83087,83089],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83061,3959],{"class":59},[53,83063,31],{"class":63},[53,83065,67],{"class":66},[53,83067,229],{"class":228},[53,83069,233],{"class":232},[53,83071,229],{"class":228},[53,83073,74],{"class":66},[53,83075,240],{"class":228},[53,83077,83078],{"class":232},"Banana",[53,83080,229],{"class":228},[53,83082,74],{"class":66},[53,83084,240],{"class":228},[53,83086,78459],{"class":232},[53,83088,229],{"class":228},[53,83090,85],{"class":66},[53,83092,83093,83095,83097,83099,83101,83103],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,83094,145],{"class":144},[53,83096,127],{"class":66},[53,83098,82355],{"class":144},[53,83100,127],{"class":66},[53,83102,4001],{"class":102},[53,83104,1713],{"class":66},[20,83106,83107],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,83109,83110,83111,83113],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,83112,14714],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[39,83115,36486,83116,36489],{"id":78417},[15,83117,14714],{},[20,83119,1870,83120,83122],{},[15,83121,14714],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,83124,83125],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[1327,83127,83129],{"id":83128},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[44,83131,83133],{"className":46,"code":83132,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,83134,83135,83167],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83136,83137,83139,83141,83143,83145,83147,83149,83151,83153,83155,83157,83159,83161,83163,83165],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83138,3959],{"class":59},[53,83140,31],{"class":63},[53,83142,67],{"class":66},[53,83144,229],{"class":228},[53,83146,36921],{"class":232},[53,83148,229],{"class":228},[53,83150,74],{"class":66},[53,83152,240],{"class":228},[53,83154,68041],{"class":232},[53,83156,229],{"class":228},[53,83158,74],{"class":66},[53,83160,240],{"class":228},[53,83162,57840],{"class":232},[53,83164,229],{"class":228},[53,83166,85],{"class":66},[53,83168,83169,83171,83173,83175,83177,83179,83181,83183,83185,83187],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,83170,145],{"class":144},[53,83172,127],{"class":66},[53,83174,82355],{"class":144},[53,83176,127],{"class":66},[53,83178,4001],{"class":102},[53,83180,74],{"class":66},[53,83182,21448],{"class":9063},[53,83184,31],{"class":63},[53,83186,11050],{"class":144},[53,83188,1713],{"class":66},[20,83190,301],{},[44,83192,83194],{"className":46,"code":83193,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"elephant\n",[15,83195,83196],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83197,83198],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83199,83193],{"class":59},[20,83201,20639,83202,83205],{},[15,83203,83204],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,83207,83208,83209,33501,83211,99],{},"If you are new to ",[15,83210,42232],{},[758,83212,83213,5668],{"href":42229},[15,83214,42232],{},[1327,83216,83218],{"id":83217},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[44,83220,83222],{"className":46,"code":83221,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,83223,83224,83256],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83225,83226,83228,83230,83232,83234,83236,83238,83240,83242,83244,83246,83248,83250,83252,83254],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83227,3959],{"class":59},[53,83229,31],{"class":63},[53,83231,67],{"class":66},[53,83233,229],{"class":228},[53,83235,233],{"class":232},[53,83237,229],{"class":228},[53,83239,74],{"class":66},[53,83241,240],{"class":228},[53,83243,83078],{"class":232},[53,83245,229],{"class":228},[53,83247,74],{"class":66},[53,83249,240],{"class":228},[53,83251,78459],{"class":232},[53,83253,229],{"class":228},[53,83255,85],{"class":66},[53,83257,83258,83260,83262,83264,83266,83268,83270,83272,83274,83276,83278,83280],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,83259,145],{"class":144},[53,83261,127],{"class":66},[53,83263,82355],{"class":144},[53,83265,127],{"class":66},[53,83267,4001],{"class":102},[53,83269,74],{"class":66},[53,83271,21448],{"class":9063},[53,83273,31],{"class":63},[53,83275,3330],{"class":1704},[53,83277,99],{"class":66},[53,83279,8527],{"class":24620},[53,83281,1713],{"class":66},[20,83283,301],{},[44,83285,83286],{"className":46,"code":82461,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,83287,83288],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83289,83290],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83291,82461],{"class":59},[20,83293,20639,83294,83296],{},[15,83295,78413],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[1327,83298,83300],{"id":83299},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,83302,83303,83304,192],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,83305,37534],{},[44,83307,83309],{"className":46,"code":83308,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,83310,83311,83354],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83312,83313,83315,83317,83319,83321,83323,83325,83327,83329,83332,83334,83336,83338,83341,83343,83345,83347,83350,83352],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83314,7667],{"class":59},[53,83316,31],{"class":63},[53,83318,67],{"class":66},[53,83320,229],{"class":228},[53,83322,758],{"class":232},[53,83324,229],{"class":228},[53,83326,74],{"class":66},[53,83328,240],{"class":228},[53,83330,83331],{"class":232},"bb",[53,83333,229],{"class":228},[53,83335,74],{"class":66},[53,83337,240],{"class":228},[53,83339,83340],{"class":232},"cccc",[53,83342,229],{"class":228},[53,83344,74],{"class":66},[53,83346,240],{"class":228},[53,83348,83349],{"class":232},"ddd",[53,83351,229],{"class":228},[53,83353,85],{"class":66},[53,83355,83356,83358,83360,83362,83364,83366,83368,83370,83372,83374,83376,83378,83380,83382,83384],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,83357,145],{"class":144},[53,83359,127],{"class":66},[53,83361,82355],{"class":144},[53,83363,127],{"class":66},[53,83365,7696],{"class":102},[53,83367,74],{"class":66},[53,83369,21448],{"class":9063},[53,83371,31],{"class":63},[53,83373,37534],{"class":1954},[53,83375,42713],{"class":37537},[53,83377,192],{"class":66},[53,83379,38260],{"class":144},[53,83381,127],{"class":66},[53,83383,34582],{"class":102},[53,83385,2799],{"class":66},[20,83387,301],{},[44,83389,83391],{"className":46,"code":83390,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"cccc\n",[15,83392,83393],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83394,83395],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83396,83390],{"class":59},[20,83398,49423,83399,960,83401,83403],{},[15,83400,83204],{},[15,83402,78300],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[39,83405,36486,83407,36489],{"id":83406},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83408,82651],{},[20,83410,1870,83411,83413],{},[15,83412,82651],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,83415,83416],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[44,83418,83420],{"className":46,"code":83419,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,83421,83422,83430],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83423,83424,83426,83428],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83425,60],{"class":59},[53,83427,31],{"class":63},[53,83429,431],{"class":66},[53,83431,83432,83434,83436,83438,83440,83442,83444,83446,83448,83450],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,83433,145],{"class":144},[53,83435,127],{"class":66},[53,83437,82355],{"class":144},[53,83439,127],{"class":66},[53,83441,150],{"class":102},[53,83443,74],{"class":66},[53,83445,26393],{"class":9063},[53,83447,31],{"class":63},[53,83449,852],{"class":70},[53,83451,1713],{"class":66},[20,83453,301],{},[44,83455,83456],{"className":46,"code":47124,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,83457,83458],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83459,83460],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83461,47124],{"class":70},[20,83463,83464],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,83466,83467,83468,83470],{},"Without ",[15,83469,82651],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,83472,51952],{},[44,83474,83476],{"className":46,"code":83475,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,83477,83478,83486,83513],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83479,83480,83482,83484],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83481,3959],{"class":59},[53,83483,31],{"class":63},[53,83485,431],{"class":66},[53,83487,83488,83490,83492,83494,83496,83498,83500,83502,83504,83506,83509,83511],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,83489,2117],{"class":59},[53,83491,31],{"class":63},[53,83493,82702],{"class":144},[53,83495,127],{"class":66},[53,83497,4001],{"class":102},[53,83499,74],{"class":66},[53,83501,26393],{"class":9063},[53,83503,31],{"class":63},[53,83505,229],{"class":228},[53,83507,83508],{"class":232},"no words found",[53,83510,229],{"class":228},[53,83512,133],{"class":66},[53,83514,83515,83517,83519,83521],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,83516,145],{"class":144},[53,83518,127],{"class":66},[53,83520,2152],{"class":102},[53,83522,133],{"class":66},[20,83524,301],{},[44,83526,83528],{"className":46,"code":83527,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"no words found\n",[15,83529,83530],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83531,83532],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83533,83527],{"class":59},[20,83535,83536],{},"Important:",[194,83538,83539,83547],{},[197,83540,83541,83543,83544],{},[15,83542,82651],{}," works with ",[15,83545,83546],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[197,83548,1006,83549,83551,83552],{},[34,83550,36],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,83553,83554],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[39,83556,47859],{"id":47858},[20,83558,83559,83560,99],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,83561,82296],{},[1327,83563,83565,83567],{"id":83564},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,83566,40576],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,83569,83570,83571,45780,83573,99],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,83572,82651],{},[15,83574,40576],{},[44,83576,83578],{"className":46,"code":83577,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,83579,83580,83588],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83581,83582,83584,83586],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83583,60],{"class":59},[53,83585,31],{"class":63},[53,83587,431],{"class":66},[53,83589,83590,83592,83594,83596,83598,83600],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,83591,145],{"class":144},[53,83593,127],{"class":66},[53,83595,82355],{"class":144},[53,83597,127],{"class":66},[53,83599,150],{"class":102},[53,83601,1713],{"class":66},[20,83603,29552],{},[44,83605,83607],{"className":46,"code":83606,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,83608,83609],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83610,83611,83613,83615,83617,83619,83622,83624],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83612,40576],{"class":1704},[53,83614,192],{"class":66},[53,83616,82702],{"class":144},[53,83618,7253],{"class":66},[53,83620,83621],{"class":59}," arg ",[53,83623,12081],{"class":63},[53,83625,83626],{"class":59}," an empty sequence\n",[20,83628,83629,83630,192],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,83631,82651],{},[44,83633,83635],{"className":46,"code":83634,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,83636,83637,83645],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83638,83639,83641,83643],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83640,60],{"class":59},[53,83642,31],{"class":63},[53,83644,431],{"class":66},[53,83646,83647,83649,83651,83653,83655,83657,83659,83661,83663,83665],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,83648,145],{"class":144},[53,83650,127],{"class":66},[53,83652,82355],{"class":144},[53,83654,127],{"class":66},[53,83656,150],{"class":102},[53,83658,74],{"class":66},[53,83660,26393],{"class":9063},[53,83662,31],{"class":63},[53,83664,3664],{"class":3739},[53,83666,1713],{"class":66},[20,83668,83669,83670,99],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[758,83671,65554],{"href":72593},[1327,83673,83675,83677],{"id":83674},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,83676,2892],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,83679,83680,83681,99],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,83682,2892],{},[44,83684,83686],{"className":46,"code":83685,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83687,83688,83712],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83689,83690,83692,83694,83696,83698,83700,83702,83704,83706,83708,83710],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83691,7667],{"class":59},[53,83693,31],{"class":63},[53,83695,67],{"class":66},[53,83697,1188],{"class":70},[53,83699,74],{"class":66},[53,83701,240],{"class":228},[53,83703,15625],{"class":232},[53,83705,229],{"class":228},[53,83707,74],{"class":66},[53,83709,1198],{"class":70},[53,83711,85],{"class":66},[53,83713,83714,83716,83718,83720,83722,83724],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,83715,145],{"class":144},[53,83717,127],{"class":66},[53,83719,82355],{"class":144},[53,83721,127],{"class":66},[53,83723,7696],{"class":102},[53,83725,1713],{"class":66},[20,83727,83728],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,83730,83731],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[44,83733,83735],{"className":46,"code":83734,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83736,83737,83757],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83738,83739,83741,83743,83745,83747,83749,83751,83753,83755],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83740,7667],{"class":59},[53,83742,31],{"class":63},[53,83744,67],{"class":66},[53,83746,1188],{"class":70},[53,83748,74],{"class":66},[53,83750,1193],{"class":70},[53,83752,74],{"class":66},[53,83754,1198],{"class":70},[53,83756,85],{"class":66},[53,83758,83759,83761,83763,83765,83767,83769],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,83760,145],{"class":144},[53,83762,127],{"class":66},[53,83764,82355],{"class":144},[53,83766,127],{"class":66},[53,83768,7696],{"class":102},[53,83770,1713],{"class":66},[20,83772,83773,83774,99],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[758,83775,83777],{"href":83776},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[1327,83779,83781,83783],{"id":83780},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,83782,2892],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,83785,83786,83788],{},[15,83787,82296],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[44,83790,83792],{"className":46,"code":83791,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(max())\n",[15,83793,83794],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83795,83796,83798,83800,83802],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83797,145],{"class":144},[53,83799,127],{"class":66},[53,83801,82355],{"class":144},[53,83803,7081],{"class":66},[20,83805,2889,83806,99],{},[15,83807,2892],{},[39,83809,83811,10474,83813],{"id":83810},"max-vs-sorted",[15,83812,82296],{},[15,83814,74139],{},[20,83816,83817],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,83819,83820,192],{},[15,83821,82296],{},[194,83823,83824],{},[197,83825,83826],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,83828,83829,192],{},[15,83830,74139],{},[194,83832,83833],{},[197,83834,83835],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,83837,211],{},[44,83839,83841],{"className":46,"code":83840,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,83842,83843,83867,83871,83885],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83844,83845,83847,83849,83851,83853,83855,83857,83859,83861,83863,83865],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83846,60],{"class":59},[53,83848,31],{"class":63},[53,83850,67],{"class":66},[53,83852,815],{"class":70},[53,83854,74],{"class":66},[53,83856,6246],{"class":70},[53,83858,74],{"class":66},[53,83860,77],{"class":70},[53,83862,74],{"class":66},[53,83864,4491],{"class":70},[53,83866,85],{"class":66},[53,83868,83869],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,83870,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,83872,83873,83875,83877,83879,83881,83883],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,83874,145],{"class":144},[53,83876,127],{"class":66},[53,83878,82355],{"class":144},[53,83880,127],{"class":66},[53,83882,150],{"class":102},[53,83884,1713],{"class":66},[53,83886,83887,83889,83891,83893,83895,83897],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,83888,145],{"class":144},[53,83890,127],{"class":66},[53,83892,74229],{"class":144},[53,83894,127],{"class":66},[53,83896,150],{"class":102},[53,83898,1713],{"class":66},[20,83900,301],{},[44,83902,83904],{"className":46,"code":83903,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,83905,83906,83910],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83907,83908],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83909,2269],{"class":70},[53,83911,83912,83914,83916,83918,83920,83922,83924,83926,83928],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,83913,311],{"class":66},[53,83915,1589],{"class":70},[53,83917,74],{"class":66},[53,83919,82],{"class":70},[53,83921,74],{"class":66},[53,83923,4491],{"class":70},[53,83925,74],{"class":66},[53,83927,6246],{"class":70},[53,83929,85],{"class":66},[20,83931,174,83932,83934],{},[15,83933,82296],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,83936,174,83937,83941],{},[758,83938,83939],{"href":74236},[15,83940,74139],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,83943,83944,83945,99],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[758,83946,83948],{"href":83947},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,83949,83950],{},"min()",[39,83952,2716],{"id":2715},[20,83954,83955],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[194,83957,83958,83965,83968,83973,83976],{},[197,83959,29521,83960,83962,83963],{},[15,83961,82296],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,83964,82651],{},[197,83966,83967],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[197,83969,8339,83970,83972],{},[15,83971,82296],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[197,83974,83975],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[197,83977,485,83978,83980],{},[15,83979,82651],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,83982,11001],{},[44,83984,83986],{"className":46,"code":83985,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,83987,83988,83998,84012,84026,84040,84062],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83989,83990,83992,83994,83996],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83991,145],{"class":144},[53,83993,127],{"class":66},[53,83995,7696],{"class":102},[53,83997,133],{"class":66},[53,83999,84000,84002,84004,84006,84008,84010],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,84001,145],{"class":144},[53,84003,127],{"class":66},[53,84005,1705],{"class":1704},[53,84007,127],{"class":66},[53,84009,7696],{"class":102},[53,84011,1713],{"class":66},[53,84013,84014,84016,84018,84020,84022,84024],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,84015,145],{"class":144},[53,84017,127],{"class":66},[53,84019,11050],{"class":144},[53,84021,127],{"class":66},[53,84023,7696],{"class":102},[53,84025,1713],{"class":66},[53,84027,84028,84030,84032,84034,84036,84038],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,84029,145],{"class":144},[53,84031,127],{"class":66},[53,84033,82355],{"class":144},[53,84035,127],{"class":66},[53,84037,7696],{"class":102},[53,84039,1713],{"class":66},[53,84041,84042,84044,84046,84048,84050,84052,84054,84056,84058,84060],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,84043,145],{"class":144},[53,84045,127],{"class":66},[53,84047,82355],{"class":144},[53,84049,127],{"class":66},[53,84051,7696],{"class":102},[53,84053,74],{"class":66},[53,84055,26393],{"class":9063},[53,84057,31],{"class":63},[53,84059,3664],{"class":3739},[53,84061,1713],{"class":66},[53,84063,84064,84066,84068,84070,84072,84074,84076,84078,84080,84082,84084],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,84065,145],{"class":144},[53,84067,2873],{"class":66},[53,84069,1705],{"class":1704},[53,84071,127],{"class":66},[53,84073,2060],{"class":102},[53,84075,153],{"class":66},[53,84077,3765],{"class":3764},[53,84079,3768],{"class":102},[53,84081,3771],{"class":3764},[53,84083,5851],{"class":102},[53,84085,3777],{"class":66},[20,84087,84088],{},"These are useful for checking:",[194,84090,84091,84096,84101,84104],{},[197,84092,84093,84094],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,84095,7696],{},[197,84097,79466,84098,84100],{},[15,84099,7696],{}," is a list or some other type",[197,84102,84103],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[197,84105,84106],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,84108,69062,84109,84112,84113,84115],{},[15,84110,84111],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,84114,7696],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[39,84117,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,84119,5025,84121,5028],{"id":84120},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,84122,82296],{},[20,84124,84125],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[1327,84127,5053,84129,84131],{"id":84128},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,84130,82296],{}," work with strings?",[20,84133,84134],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[1327,84136,71361],{"id":71360},[20,84138,84139,52367,84141,84143,84144,84146],{},[15,84140,82296],{},[15,84142,40576],{}," unless you use the ",[15,84145,82651],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[1327,84148,84150,84151,1744],{"id":84149},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,84152,82296],{},[20,84154,174,84155,192],{},[15,84156,83204],{},[44,84158,84159],{"className":46,"code":83132,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,84160,84161,84193],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84162,84163,84165,84167,84169,84171,84173,84175,84177,84179,84181,84183,84185,84187,84189,84191],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84164,3959],{"class":59},[53,84166,31],{"class":63},[53,84168,67],{"class":66},[53,84170,229],{"class":228},[53,84172,36921],{"class":232},[53,84174,229],{"class":228},[53,84176,74],{"class":66},[53,84178,240],{"class":228},[53,84180,68041],{"class":232},[53,84182,229],{"class":228},[53,84184,74],{"class":66},[53,84186,240],{"class":228},[53,84188,57840],{"class":232},[53,84190,229],{"class":228},[53,84192,85],{"class":66},[53,84194,84195,84197,84199,84201,84203,84205,84207,84209,84211,84213],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,84196,145],{"class":144},[53,84198,127],{"class":66},[53,84200,82355],{"class":144},[53,84202,127],{"class":66},[53,84204,4001],{"class":102},[53,84206,74],{"class":66},[53,84208,21448],{"class":9063},[53,84210,31],{"class":63},[53,84212,11050],{"class":144},[53,84214,1713],{"class":66},[1327,84216,1739,84218,960,84220,1744],{"id":84217},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,84219,82296],{},[15,84221,74139],{},[20,84223,84224,84226,84227,84229],{},[15,84225,82296],{}," returns one largest item. ",[15,84228,74139],{}," returns all items in order.",[39,84231,1788],{"id":1787},[194,84233,84234,84240,84246,84252,84256,84260],{},[197,84235,84236],{},[758,84237,84238,3396],{"href":83947},[15,84239,83950],{},[197,84241,84242],{},[758,84243,84244,3396],{"href":74236},[15,84245,74139],{},[197,84247,84248],{},[758,84249,84250,3396],{"href":42229},[15,84251,42232],{},[197,84253,84254],{},[758,84255,58669],{"href":58668},[197,84257,84258],{},[758,84259,65554],{"href":72593},[197,84261,84262],{},[758,84263,83777],{"href":83776},[1817,84265,84266],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":84268},[84269,84270,84272,84273,84275,84277,84279,84284,84286,84294,84296,84297,84308],{"id":41,"depth":88,"text":42},{"id":82486,"depth":88,"text":84271},"What max() does",{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372},{"id":82655,"depth":88,"text":84274},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":82825,"depth":88,"text":84276},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":82960,"depth":88,"text":84278},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78417,"depth":88,"text":79615,"children":84280},[84281,84282,84283],{"id":83128,"depth":109,"text":83129},{"id":83217,"depth":109,"text":83218},{"id":83299,"depth":109,"text":83300},{"id":83406,"depth":88,"text":84285},"Using the default argument",{"id":47858,"depth":88,"text":47859,"children":84287},[84288,84290,84292],{"id":83564,"depth":109,"text":84289},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":83674,"depth":109,"text":84291},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":83780,"depth":109,"text":84293},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":83810,"depth":88,"text":84295},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":84298},[84299,84301,84303,84304,84306],{"id":84120,"depth":109,"text":84300},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84128,"depth":109,"text":84302},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71360,"depth":109,"text":71361},{"id":84149,"depth":109,"text":84305},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84217,"depth":109,"text":84307},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82288,"description":84309},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84316,"title":84317,"body":84318,"description":86272,"extension":1853,"meta":86273,"navigation":112,"path":86274,"seo":86275,"stem":86276,"__hash__":86277},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84319,"toc":86229},[84320,84325,84330,84336,84338,84412,84414,84427,84432,84437,84453,84457,84462,84538,84544,84547,84590,84592,84600,84606,84609,84640,84642,84650,84656,84661,84720,84722,84731,84734,84744,84750,84755,84790,84792,84800,84806,84812,84817,84861,84863,84872,84875,84915,84917,84926,84929,84941,84946,84951,85002,85004,85013,85016,85067,85069,85078,85081,85088,85094,85099,85101,85116,85120,85180,85182,85191,85195,85367,85369,85406,85413,85419,85422,85449,85451,85472,85477,85512,85514,85522,85525,85528,85544,85549,85551,85555,85561,85565,85592,85595,85605,85645,85649,85652,85695,85697,85706,85709,85714,85783,85785,85793,85798,85802,85805,85856,85858,85866,85869,85932,85934,85942,85945,85950,85954,85967,85974,85982,85984,85986,86016,86022,86123,86133,86135,86140,86143,86148,86151,86153,86161,86169,86177,86184,86192,86194,86226],[10,84321,3463,84323,3467],{"id":84322},"python-min-function-explained",[15,84324,83950],{},[20,84326,84327,84329],{},[15,84328,83950],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,84331,84332,84333,84335],{},"This page explains what ",[15,84334,83950],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[39,84337,42],{"id":41},[44,84339,84341],{"className":46,"code":84340,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,84342,84343,84367,84382,84386],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84344,84345,84347,84349,84351,84353,84355,84357,84359,84361,84363,84365],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84346,60],{"class":59},[53,84348,31],{"class":63},[53,84350,67],{"class":66},[53,84352,2024],{"class":70},[53,84354,74],{"class":66},[53,84356,77],{"class":70},[53,84358,74],{"class":66},[53,84360,54003],{"class":70},[53,84362,74],{"class":66},[53,84364,5382],{"class":70},[53,84366,85],{"class":66},[53,84368,84369,84371,84373,84376,84378,84380],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,84370,145],{"class":144},[53,84372,127],{"class":66},[53,84374,84375],{"class":144},"min",[53,84377,127],{"class":66},[53,84379,150],{"class":102},[53,84381,1713],{"class":66},[53,84383,84384],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,84385,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,84387,84388,84390,84392,84394,84396,84398,84400,84402,84404,84406,84408,84410],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,84389,145],{"class":144},[53,84391,127],{"class":66},[53,84393,84375],{"class":144},[53,84395,127],{"class":66},[53,84397,2024],{"class":70},[53,84399,74],{"class":66},[53,84401,77],{"class":70},[53,84403,74],{"class":66},[53,84405,54003],{"class":70},[53,84407,74],{"class":66},[53,84409,5382],{"class":70},[53,84411,1713],{"class":66},[20,84413,301],{},[44,84415,84417],{"className":46,"code":84416,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"1\n1\n",[15,84418,84419,84423],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84420,84421],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84422,46789],{"class":70},[53,84424,84425],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,84426,46789],{"class":70},[20,84428,174,84429,84431],{},[15,84430,83950],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[39,84433,184,84435,187],{"id":84434},"what-min-does",[15,84436,83950],{},[194,84438,84439,84444,84447,84450],{},[197,84440,84441,84443],{},[15,84442,83950],{}," returns the smallest item",[197,84445,84446],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[197,84448,84449],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[197,84451,84452],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[39,84454,84456],{"id":84455},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,84458,84459,84460,192],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,84461,83950],{},[44,84463,84465],{"className":46,"code":84464,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,84466,84467,84477,84502,84520],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84468,84469,84471,84473,84475],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84470,84375],{"class":144},[53,84472,127],{"class":66},[53,84474,3606],{"class":102},[53,84476,133],{"class":66},[53,84478,84479,84481,84483,84486,84488,84491,84493,84496,84498,84500],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,84480,84375],{"class":144},[53,84482,127],{"class":66},[53,84484,84485],{"class":102},"value1",[53,84487,74],{"class":66},[53,84489,84490],{"class":102}," value2",[53,84492,74],{"class":66},[53,84494,84495],{"class":102}," value3",[53,84497,74],{"class":66},[53,84499,34327],{"class":144},[53,84501,133],{"class":66},[53,84503,84504,84506,84508,84510,84512,84514,84516,84518],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,84505,84375],{"class":144},[53,84507,127],{"class":66},[53,84509,3606],{"class":102},[53,84511,74],{"class":66},[53,84513,21448],{"class":9063},[53,84515,31],{"class":63},[53,84517,37245],{"class":144},[53,84519,133],{"class":66},[53,84521,84522,84524,84526,84528,84530,84532,84534,84536],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,84523,84375],{"class":144},[53,84525,127],{"class":66},[53,84527,3606],{"class":102},[53,84529,74],{"class":66},[53,84531,26393],{"class":9063},[53,84533,31],{"class":63},[53,84535,37245],{"class":144},[53,84537,133],{"class":66},[1327,84539,84541],{"id":84540},"miniterable",[15,84542,84543],{},"min(iterable)",[20,84545,84546],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[44,84548,84550],{"className":46,"code":84549,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,84551,84552,84576],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84553,84554,84556,84558,84560,84562,84564,84566,84568,84570,84572,84574],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84555,60],{"class":59},[53,84557,31],{"class":63},[53,84559,67],{"class":66},[53,84561,2233],{"class":70},[53,84563,74],{"class":66},[53,84565,82],{"class":70},[53,84567,74],{"class":66},[53,84569,30815],{"class":70},[53,84571,74],{"class":66},[53,84573,5382],{"class":70},[53,84575,85],{"class":66},[53,84577,84578,84580,84582,84584,84586,84588],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,84579,145],{"class":144},[53,84581,127],{"class":66},[53,84583,84375],{"class":144},[53,84585,127],{"class":66},[53,84587,150],{"class":102},[53,84589,1713],{"class":66},[20,84591,301],{},[44,84593,84594],{"className":46,"code":46789,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,84595,84596],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84597,84598],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84599,46789],{"class":70},[1327,84601,84603],{"id":84602},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,84604,84605],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,84607,84608],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[44,84610,84612],{"className":46,"code":84611,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,84613,84614],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84615,84616,84618,84620,84622,84624,84626,84628,84630,84632,84634,84636,84638],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84617,145],{"class":144},[53,84619,127],{"class":66},[53,84621,84375],{"class":144},[53,84623,127],{"class":66},[53,84625,2233],{"class":70},[53,84627,74],{"class":66},[53,84629,82],{"class":70},[53,84631,74],{"class":66},[53,84633,30815],{"class":70},[53,84635,74],{"class":66},[53,84637,5382],{"class":70},[53,84639,1713],{"class":66},[20,84641,301],{},[44,84643,84644],{"className":46,"code":46789,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,84645,84646],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84647,84648],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84649,46789],{"class":70},[1327,84651,84653],{"id":84652},"miniterable-key",[15,84654,84655],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,84657,174,84658,84660],{},[15,84659,14714],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[44,84662,84664],{"className":46,"code":84663,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,84665,84666,84698],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84667,84668,84670,84672,84674,84676,84678,84680,84682,84684,84686,84688,84690,84692,84694,84696],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84669,3959],{"class":59},[53,84671,31],{"class":63},[53,84673,67],{"class":66},[53,84675,229],{"class":228},[53,84677,78459],{"class":232},[53,84679,229],{"class":228},[53,84681,74],{"class":66},[53,84683,240],{"class":228},[53,84685,38215],{"class":232},[53,84687,229],{"class":228},[53,84689,74],{"class":66},[53,84691,240],{"class":228},[53,84693,243],{"class":232},[53,84695,229],{"class":228},[53,84697,85],{"class":66},[53,84699,84700,84702,84704,84706,84708,84710,84712,84714,84716,84718],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,84701,145],{"class":144},[53,84703,127],{"class":66},[53,84705,84375],{"class":144},[53,84707,127],{"class":66},[53,84709,4001],{"class":102},[53,84711,74],{"class":66},[53,84713,21448],{"class":9063},[53,84715,31],{"class":63},[53,84717,11050],{"class":144},[53,84719,1713],{"class":66},[20,84721,301],{},[44,84723,84725],{"className":46,"code":84724,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"kiwi\n",[15,84726,84727],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84728,84729],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84730,84724],{"class":59},[20,84732,84733],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,84735,84736,84737,84739,84740,99],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,84738,42232],{},", see the ",[758,84741,84742,3396],{"href":42229},[15,84743,42232],{},[1327,84745,84747],{"id":84746},"miniterable-default",[15,84748,84749],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,84751,174,84752,84754],{},[15,84753,82651],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[44,84756,84758],{"className":46,"code":84757,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,84759,84760,84768],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84761,84762,84764,84766],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84763,60],{"class":59},[53,84765,31],{"class":63},[53,84767,431],{"class":66},[53,84769,84770,84772,84774,84776,84778,84780,84782,84784,84786,84788],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,84771,145],{"class":144},[53,84773,127],{"class":66},[53,84775,84375],{"class":144},[53,84777,127],{"class":66},[53,84779,150],{"class":102},[53,84781,74],{"class":66},[53,84783,26393],{"class":9063},[53,84785,31],{"class":63},[53,84787,852],{"class":70},[53,84789,1713],{"class":66},[20,84791,301],{},[44,84793,84794],{"className":46,"code":47124,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,84795,84796],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84797,84798],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84799,47124],{"class":70},[20,84801,84802,84803,84805],{},"This avoids a ",[15,84804,40576],{}," when there is no item to return.",[39,84807,485,84809,84811],{"id":84808},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,84810,83950],{}," with numbers",[20,84813,84814,84816],{},[15,84815,83950],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[44,84818,84820],{"className":46,"code":84819,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,84821,84822,84847],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84823,84824,84826,84828,84830,84832,84834,84837,84839,84841,84843,84845],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84825,1181],{"class":59},[53,84827,31],{"class":63},[53,84829,67],{"class":66},[53,84831,51377],{"class":70},[53,84833,74],{"class":66},[53,84835,84836],{"class":70}," 72",[53,84838,74],{"class":66},[53,84840,28777],{"class":70},[53,84842,74],{"class":66},[53,84844,75815],{"class":70},[53,84846,85],{"class":66},[53,84848,84849,84851,84853,84855,84857,84859],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,84850,145],{"class":144},[53,84852,127],{"class":66},[53,84854,84375],{"class":144},[53,84856,127],{"class":66},[53,84858,1225],{"class":102},[53,84860,1713],{"class":66},[20,84862,301],{},[44,84864,84866],{"className":46,"code":84865,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"60\n",[15,84867,84868],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84869,84870],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84871,84865],{"class":70},[20,84873,84874],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[44,84876,84878],{"className":46,"code":84877,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,84879,84880,84901],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84881,84882,84884,84886,84888,84890,84892,84895,84897,84899],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84883,82763],{"class":59},[53,84885,31],{"class":63},[53,84887,67],{"class":66},[53,84889,40271],{"class":70},[53,84891,74],{"class":66},[53,84893,84894],{"class":70}," 5.49",[53,84896,74],{"class":66},[53,84898,82779],{"class":70},[53,84900,85],{"class":66},[53,84902,84903,84905,84907,84909,84911,84913],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,84904,145],{"class":144},[53,84906,127],{"class":66},[53,84908,84375],{"class":144},[53,84910,127],{"class":66},[53,84912,82799],{"class":102},[53,84914,1713],{"class":66},[20,84916,301],{},[44,84918,84920],{"className":46,"code":84919,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"5.49\n",[15,84921,84922],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84923,84924],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84925,84919],{"class":70},[20,84927,84928],{},"This is useful for things like:",[194,84930,84931,84933,84935,84938],{},[197,84932,1225],{},[197,84934,82799],{},[197,84936,84937],{},"measurements",[197,84939,84940],{},"ages",[39,84942,485,84944,46931],{"id":84943},"using-min-with-strings",[15,84945,83950],{},[20,84947,84948,84950],{},[15,84949,83950],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[44,84952,84954],{"className":46,"code":84953,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,84955,84956,84988],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84957,84958,84960,84962,84964,84966,84968,84970,84972,84974,84976,84978,84980,84982,84984,84986],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84959,3959],{"class":59},[53,84961,31],{"class":63},[53,84963,67],{"class":66},[53,84965,229],{"class":228},[53,84967,243],{"class":232},[53,84969,229],{"class":228},[53,84971,74],{"class":66},[53,84973,240],{"class":228},[53,84975,233],{"class":232},[53,84977,229],{"class":228},[53,84979,74],{"class":66},[53,84981,240],{"class":228},[53,84983,3984],{"class":232},[53,84985,229],{"class":228},[53,84987,85],{"class":66},[53,84989,84990,84992,84994,84996,84998,85000],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,84991,145],{"class":144},[53,84993,127],{"class":66},[53,84995,84375],{"class":144},[53,84997,127],{"class":66},[53,84999,4001],{"class":102},[53,85001,1713],{"class":66},[20,85003,301],{},[44,85005,85007],{"className":46,"code":85006,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"apple\n",[15,85008,85009],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85010,85011],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85012,85006],{"class":59},[20,85014,85015],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[44,85017,85019],{"className":46,"code":85018,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85020,85021,85053],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85022,85023,85025,85027,85029,85031,85033,85035,85037,85039,85041,85043,85045,85047,85049,85051],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85024,3959],{"class":59},[53,85026,31],{"class":63},[53,85028,67],{"class":66},[53,85030,229],{"class":228},[53,85032,243],{"class":232},[53,85034,229],{"class":228},[53,85036,74],{"class":66},[53,85038,240],{"class":228},[53,85040,57481],{"class":232},[53,85042,229],{"class":228},[53,85044,74],{"class":66},[53,85046,240],{"class":228},[53,85048,3984],{"class":232},[53,85050,229],{"class":228},[53,85052,85],{"class":66},[53,85054,85055,85057,85059,85061,85063,85065],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,85056,145],{"class":144},[53,85058,127],{"class":66},[53,85060,84375],{"class":144},[53,85062,127],{"class":66},[53,85064,4001],{"class":102},[53,85066,1713],{"class":66},[20,85068,301],{},[44,85070,85072],{"className":46,"code":85071,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Apple\n",[15,85073,85074],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85075,85076],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85077,85071],{"class":59},[20,85079,85080],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,85082,85083,85084,99],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[758,85085,85086,5668],{"href":74236},[15,85087,74139],{},[39,85089,485,85091,85093],{"id":85090},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,85092,83950],{}," with a key function",[20,85095,1870,85096,85098],{},[15,85097,14714],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,85100,11347],{},[194,85102,85103,85108,85113],{},[197,85104,85105,85107],{},[15,85106,14714],{}," changes the comparison rule",[197,85109,85110,85112],{},[15,85111,83950],{}," still returns the original item",[197,85114,85115],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[1327,85117,85119],{"id":85118},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[44,85121,85123],{"className":46,"code":85122,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85124,85125,85158],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85126,85127,85129,85131,85133,85135,85137,85139,85141,85143,85145,85147,85149,85151,85154,85156],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85128,3959],{"class":59},[53,85130,31],{"class":63},[53,85132,67],{"class":66},[53,85134,229],{"class":228},[53,85136,68041],{"class":232},[53,85138,229],{"class":228},[53,85140,74],{"class":66},[53,85142,240],{"class":228},[53,85144,36921],{"class":232},[53,85146,229],{"class":228},[53,85148,74],{"class":66},[53,85150,240],{"class":228},[53,85152,85153],{"class":232},"giraffe",[53,85155,229],{"class":228},[53,85157,85],{"class":66},[53,85159,85160,85162,85164,85166,85168,85170,85172,85174,85176,85178],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,85161,145],{"class":144},[53,85163,127],{"class":66},[53,85165,84375],{"class":144},[53,85167,127],{"class":66},[53,85169,4001],{"class":102},[53,85171,74],{"class":66},[53,85173,21448],{"class":9063},[53,85175,31],{"class":63},[53,85177,11050],{"class":144},[53,85179,1713],{"class":66},[20,85181,301],{},[44,85183,85185],{"className":46,"code":85184,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"cat\n",[15,85186,85187],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85188,85189],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85190,85184],{"class":59},[1327,85192,85194],{"id":85193},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[44,85196,85198],{"className":46,"code":85197,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,85199,85200,85210,85245,85277,85309,85313,85317,85356],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85201,85202,85205,85207],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85203,85204],{"class":59},"students ",[53,85206,31],{"class":63},[53,85208,85209],{"class":66}," [\n",[53,85211,85212,85215,85217,85219,85221,85223,85225,85227,85229,85231,85233,85236,85238,85240,85242],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,85213,85214],{"class":66},"    {",[53,85216,229],{"class":228},[53,85218,1710],{"class":232},[53,85220,229],{"class":228},[53,85222,192],{"class":66},[53,85224,240],{"class":228},[53,85226,12765],{"class":232},[53,85228,229],{"class":228},[53,85230,74],{"class":66},[53,85232,240],{"class":228},[53,85234,85235],{"class":232},"score",[53,85237,229],{"class":228},[53,85239,192],{"class":66},[53,85241,13386],{"class":70},[53,85243,85244],{"class":66},"},\n",[53,85246,85247,85249,85251,85253,85255,85257,85259,85261,85263,85265,85267,85269,85271,85273,85275],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,85248,85214],{"class":66},[53,85250,229],{"class":228},[53,85252,1710],{"class":232},[53,85254,229],{"class":228},[53,85256,192],{"class":66},[53,85258,240],{"class":228},[53,85260,35816],{"class":232},[53,85262,229],{"class":228},[53,85264,74],{"class":66},[53,85266,240],{"class":228},[53,85268,85235],{"class":232},[53,85270,229],{"class":228},[53,85272,192],{"class":66},[53,85274,84836],{"class":70},[53,85276,85244],{"class":66},[53,85278,85279,85281,85283,85285,85287,85289,85291,85293,85295,85297,85299,85301,85303,85305,85307],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,85280,85214],{"class":66},[53,85282,229],{"class":228},[53,85284,1710],{"class":232},[53,85286,229],{"class":228},[53,85288,192],{"class":66},[53,85290,240],{"class":228},[53,85292,35825],{"class":232},[53,85294,229],{"class":228},[53,85296,74],{"class":66},[53,85298,240],{"class":228},[53,85300,85235],{"class":232},[53,85302,229],{"class":228},[53,85304,192],{"class":66},[53,85306,19766],{"class":70},[53,85308,9197],{"class":66},[53,85310,85311],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,85312,85],{"class":66},[53,85314,85315],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,85316,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,85318,85319,85322,85324,85327,85329,85332,85334,85336,85338,85340,85342,85344,85346,85348,85350,85352,85354],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,85320,85321],{"class":59},"lowest ",[53,85323,31],{"class":63},[53,85325,85326],{"class":144}," min",[53,85328,127],{"class":66},[53,85330,85331],{"class":102},"students",[53,85333,74],{"class":66},[53,85335,21448],{"class":9063},[53,85337,31],{"class":63},[53,85339,37534],{"class":1954},[53,85341,12791],{"class":37537},[53,85343,192],{"class":66},[53,85345,12791],{"class":102},[53,85347,311],{"class":66},[53,85349,229],{"class":228},[53,85351,85235],{"class":232},[53,85353,229],{"class":228},[53,85355,3777],{"class":66},[53,85357,85358,85360,85362,85365],{"class":55,"line":6312},[53,85359,145],{"class":144},[53,85361,127],{"class":66},[53,85363,85364],{"class":102},"lowest",[53,85366,133],{"class":66},[20,85368,301],{},[44,85370,85372],{"className":46,"code":85371,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85373,85374],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85375,85376,85378,85380,85382,85384,85386,85388,85390,85392,85394,85396,85398,85400,85402,85404],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85377,9166],{"class":66},[53,85379,314],{"class":228},[53,85381,1710],{"class":232},[53,85383,314],{"class":228},[53,85385,192],{"class":66},[53,85387,323],{"class":228},[53,85389,35816],{"class":232},[53,85391,314],{"class":228},[53,85393,74],{"class":66},[53,85395,323],{"class":228},[53,85397,85235],{"class":232},[53,85399,314],{"class":228},[53,85401,192],{"class":66},[53,85403,84836],{"class":70},[53,85405,9197],{"class":66},[20,85407,85408,85409,85412],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85410,85411],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[39,85414,485,85416,85418],{"id":85415},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,85417,82651],{}," with empty iterables",[20,85420,85421],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[44,85423,85425],{"className":46,"code":85424,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85426,85427,85435],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85428,85429,85431,85433],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85430,60],{"class":59},[53,85432,31],{"class":63},[53,85434,431],{"class":66},[53,85436,85437,85439,85441,85443,85445,85447],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,85438,145],{"class":144},[53,85440,127],{"class":66},[53,85442,84375],{"class":144},[53,85444,127],{"class":66},[53,85446,150],{"class":102},[53,85448,1713],{"class":66},[20,85450,301],{},[44,85452,85454],{"className":46,"code":85453,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,85455,85456],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85457,85458,85460,85462,85464,85466,85468,85470],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85459,40576],{"class":1704},[53,85461,192],{"class":66},[53,85463,85326],{"class":144},[53,85465,7253],{"class":66},[53,85467,83621],{"class":59},[53,85469,12081],{"class":63},[53,85471,83626],{"class":59},[20,85473,85474,85475,192],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,85476,82651],{},[44,85478,85480],{"className":46,"code":85479,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,85481,85482,85490],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85483,85484,85486,85488],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85485,60],{"class":59},[53,85487,31],{"class":63},[53,85489,431],{"class":66},[53,85491,85492,85494,85496,85498,85500,85502,85504,85506,85508,85510],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,85493,145],{"class":144},[53,85495,127],{"class":66},[53,85497,84375],{"class":144},[53,85499,127],{"class":66},[53,85501,150],{"class":102},[53,85503,74],{"class":66},[53,85505,26393],{"class":9063},[53,85507,31],{"class":63},[53,85509,3664],{"class":3739},[53,85511,1713],{"class":66},[20,85513,301],{},[44,85515,85516],{"className":46,"code":11698,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,85517,85518],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85519,85520],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85521,11698],{"class":3739},[20,85523,85524],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,85526,85527],{},"Remember:",[194,85529,85530,85538],{},[197,85531,85532,85534,85535,85537],{},[15,85533,82651],{}," works only when ",[15,85536,83950],{}," gets one iterable argument",[197,85539,85540,85541],{},"It does not work with ",[15,85542,85543],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,85545,85546,85547,99],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[758,85548,65554],{"href":72593},[39,85550,10632],{"id":10631},[20,85552,1323,85553,99],{},[15,85554,83950],{},[1327,85556,85558,85559],{"id":85557},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,85560,82651],{},[20,85562,2889,85563,192],{},[15,85564,40576],{},[44,85566,85568],{"className":46,"code":85567,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,85569,85570,85578],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85571,85572,85574,85576],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85573,7667],{"class":59},[53,85575,31],{"class":63},[53,85577,431],{"class":66},[53,85579,85580,85582,85584,85586,85588,85590],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,85581,145],{"class":144},[53,85583,127],{"class":66},[53,85585,84375],{"class":144},[53,85587,127],{"class":66},[53,85589,7696],{"class":102},[53,85591,1713],{"class":66},[20,85593,85594],{},"Fix it by:",[194,85596,85597,85600],{},[197,85598,85599],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[197,85601,85602,85603],{},"or using ",[15,85604,82651],{},[44,85606,85608],{"className":46,"code":85607,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,85609,85610,85618],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85611,85612,85614,85616],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85613,7667],{"class":59},[53,85615,31],{"class":63},[53,85617,431],{"class":66},[53,85619,85620,85622,85624,85626,85628,85630,85632,85634,85636,85638,85641,85643],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,85621,145],{"class":144},[53,85623,127],{"class":66},[53,85625,84375],{"class":144},[53,85627,127],{"class":66},[53,85629,7696],{"class":102},[53,85631,74],{"class":66},[53,85633,26393],{"class":9063},[53,85635,31],{"class":63},[53,85637,229],{"class":228},[53,85639,85640],{"class":232},"no items",[53,85642,229],{"class":228},[53,85644,1713],{"class":66},[1327,85646,85648],{"id":85647},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,85650,85651],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[44,85653,85655],{"className":46,"code":85654,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,85656,85657,85681],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85658,85659,85661,85663,85665,85667,85669,85671,85673,85675,85677,85679],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85660,9053],{"class":59},[53,85662,31],{"class":63},[53,85664,67],{"class":66},[53,85666,1188],{"class":70},[53,85668,74],{"class":66},[53,85670,240],{"class":228},[53,85672,15625],{"class":232},[53,85674,229],{"class":228},[53,85676,74],{"class":66},[53,85678,4491],{"class":70},[53,85680,85],{"class":66},[53,85682,85683,85685,85687,85689,85691,85693],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,85684,145],{"class":144},[53,85686,127],{"class":66},[53,85688,84375],{"class":144},[53,85690,127],{"class":66},[53,85692,9092],{"class":102},[53,85694,1713],{"class":66},[20,85696,301],{},[44,85698,85700],{"className":46,"code":85699,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"TypeError\n",[15,85701,85702],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85703,85704],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85705,85699],{"class":1704},[20,85707,85708],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,85710,85711,85712,99],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,85713,83950],{},[44,85715,85717],{"className":46,"code":85716,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85718,85719,85743,85769],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85720,85721,85723,85725,85727,85729,85731,85733,85735,85737,85739,85741],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85722,9053],{"class":59},[53,85724,31],{"class":63},[53,85726,67],{"class":66},[53,85728,1188],{"class":70},[53,85730,74],{"class":66},[53,85732,240],{"class":228},[53,85734,15625],{"class":232},[53,85736,229],{"class":228},[53,85738,74],{"class":66},[53,85740,4491],{"class":70},[53,85742,85],{"class":66},[53,85744,85745,85747,85749,85751,85753,85755,85757,85759,85761,85763,85765,85767],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,85746,60],{"class":59},[53,85748,31],{"class":63},[53,85750,67],{"class":66},[53,85752,2075],{"class":1704},[53,85754,127],{"class":66},[53,85756,2060],{"class":102},[53,85758,153],{"class":66},[53,85760,3765],{"class":3764},[53,85762,3768],{"class":59},[53,85764,3771],{"class":3764},[53,85766,14439],{"class":59},[53,85768,85],{"class":66},[53,85770,85771,85773,85775,85777,85779,85781],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,85772,145],{"class":144},[53,85774,127],{"class":66},[53,85776,84375],{"class":144},[53,85778,127],{"class":66},[53,85780,150],{"class":102},[53,85782,1713],{"class":66},[20,85784,301],{},[44,85786,85787],{"className":46,"code":2834,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,85788,85789],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85790,85791],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85792,2834],{"class":70},[20,85794,85795,85796,99],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,85797,2892],{},[1327,85799,85801],{"id":85800},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,85803,85804],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[44,85806,85808],{"className":46,"code":85807,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85809,85810,85842],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85811,85812,85814,85816,85818,85820,85822,85824,85826,85828,85830,85832,85834,85836,85838,85840],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85813,3959],{"class":59},[53,85815,31],{"class":63},[53,85817,67],{"class":66},[53,85819,229],{"class":228},[53,85821,79275],{"class":232},[53,85823,229],{"class":228},[53,85825,74],{"class":66},[53,85827,240],{"class":228},[53,85829,57481],{"class":232},[53,85831,229],{"class":228},[53,85833,74],{"class":66},[53,85835,240],{"class":228},[53,85837,79292],{"class":232},[53,85839,229],{"class":228},[53,85841,85],{"class":66},[53,85843,85844,85846,85848,85850,85852,85854],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,85845,145],{"class":144},[53,85847,127],{"class":66},[53,85849,84375],{"class":144},[53,85851,127],{"class":66},[53,85853,4001],{"class":102},[53,85855,1713],{"class":66},[20,85857,301],{},[44,85859,85860],{"className":46,"code":85071,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,85861,85862],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85863,85864],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85865,85071],{"class":59},[20,85867,85868],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[44,85870,85872],{"className":46,"code":85871,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,85873,85874,85906],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85875,85876,85878,85880,85882,85884,85886,85888,85890,85892,85894,85896,85898,85900,85902,85904],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85877,3959],{"class":59},[53,85879,31],{"class":63},[53,85881,67],{"class":66},[53,85883,229],{"class":228},[53,85885,79275],{"class":232},[53,85887,229],{"class":228},[53,85889,74],{"class":66},[53,85891,240],{"class":228},[53,85893,57481],{"class":232},[53,85895,229],{"class":228},[53,85897,74],{"class":66},[53,85899,240],{"class":228},[53,85901,79292],{"class":232},[53,85903,229],{"class":228},[53,85905,85],{"class":66},[53,85907,85908,85910,85912,85914,85916,85918,85920,85922,85924,85926,85928,85930],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,85909,145],{"class":144},[53,85911,127],{"class":66},[53,85913,84375],{"class":144},[53,85915,127],{"class":66},[53,85917,4001],{"class":102},[53,85919,74],{"class":66},[53,85921,21448],{"class":9063},[53,85923,31],{"class":63},[53,85925,3330],{"class":1704},[53,85927,99],{"class":66},[53,85929,8527],{"class":24620},[53,85931,1713],{"class":66},[20,85933,301],{},[44,85935,85936],{"className":46,"code":85071,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,85937,85938],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85939,85940],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85941,85071],{"class":59},[20,85943,85944],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[39,85946,1145,85948],{"id":85947},"when-to-use-min",[15,85949,83950],{},[20,85951,174,85952,1152],{},[15,85953,83950],{},[194,85955,85956,85959,85964],{},[197,85957,85958],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[197,85960,85961,85962],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,85963,14714],{},[197,85965,85966],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,85968,174,85969,85973],{},[758,85970,85971],{"href":74236},[15,85972,74139],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,85975,174,85976,85981],{},[758,85977,85979],{"href":85978},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,85980,82296],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[39,85983,2716],{"id":2715},[20,85985,83955],{},[194,85987,85988,85996,85999,86004,86011],{},[197,85989,85990,85991,85993,85994],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,85992,83950],{}," without using ",[15,85995,82651],{},[197,85997,85998],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[197,86000,8339,86001,86003],{},[15,86002,83950],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[197,86005,4590,86006,86008,86009,85112],{},[15,86007,14714],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,86010,83950],{},[197,86012,485,86013,86015],{},[15,86014,82651],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,86017,86018,86019,86021],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,86020,83950],{},", these quick checks can help:",[44,86023,86025],{"className":46,"code":86024,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,86026,86027,86041,86051,86065,86079,86101],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,86028,86029,86031,86033,86035,86037,86039],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,86030,145],{"class":144},[53,86032,127],{"class":66},[53,86034,1705],{"class":1704},[53,86036,127],{"class":66},[53,86038,9092],{"class":102},[53,86040,1713],{"class":66},[53,86042,86043,86045,86047,86049],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,86044,145],{"class":144},[53,86046,127],{"class":66},[53,86048,9092],{"class":102},[53,86050,133],{"class":66},[53,86052,86053,86055,86057,86059,86061,86063],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,86054,145],{"class":144},[53,86056,127],{"class":66},[53,86058,11050],{"class":144},[53,86060,127],{"class":66},[53,86062,9092],{"class":102},[53,86064,1713],{"class":66},[53,86066,86067,86069,86071,86073,86075,86077],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,86068,145],{"class":144},[53,86070,127],{"class":66},[53,86072,84375],{"class":144},[53,86074,127],{"class":66},[53,86076,9092],{"class":102},[53,86078,1713],{"class":66},[53,86080,86081,86083,86085,86087,86089,86091,86093,86095,86097,86099],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,86082,145],{"class":144},[53,86084,127],{"class":66},[53,86086,84375],{"class":144},[53,86088,127],{"class":66},[53,86090,9092],{"class":102},[53,86092,74],{"class":66},[53,86094,26393],{"class":9063},[53,86096,31],{"class":63},[53,86098,3664],{"class":3739},[53,86100,1713],{"class":66},[53,86102,86103,86105,86107,86109,86111,86113,86115,86117,86119,86121],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,86104,145],{"class":144},[53,86106,127],{"class":66},[53,86108,84375],{"class":144},[53,86110,127],{"class":66},[53,86112,4001],{"class":102},[53,86114,74],{"class":66},[53,86116,21448],{"class":9063},[53,86118,31],{"class":63},[53,86120,11050],{"class":144},[53,86122,1713],{"class":66},[20,86124,86125,86126,86129,86130,86132],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,86127,86128],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,86131,9092],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[39,86134,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,86136,5025,86138,5028],{"id":86137},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,86139,83950],{},[20,86141,86142],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[1327,86144,5053,86146,84131],{"id":86145},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,86147,83950],{},[20,86149,86150],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[1327,86152,71361],{"id":71360},[20,86154,86155,52367,86157,84143,86159,36495],{},[15,86156,83950],{},[15,86158,40576],{},[15,86160,82651],{},[1327,86162,5025,86164,86166,86167,1744],{"id":86163},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,86165,14714],{}," do in ",[15,86168,83950],{},[20,86170,86171,86173,86174,86176],{},[15,86172,14714],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,86175,83204],{}," compares strings by length.",[1327,86178,1739,86180,960,86182,1744],{"id":86179},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,86181,83950],{},[15,86183,74139],{},[20,86185,86186,86188,86189,86191],{},[15,86187,83950],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,86190,74139],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[39,86193,1788],{"id":1787},[194,86195,86196,86202,86208,86214,86218,86222],{},[197,86197,86198],{},[758,86199,86200,3396],{"href":85978},[15,86201,82296],{},[197,86203,86204],{},[758,86205,86206,3396],{"href":74236},[15,86207,74139],{},[197,86209,86210],{},[758,86211,86212,3396],{"href":42229},[15,86213,42232],{},[197,86215,86216],{},[758,86217,79588],{"href":78091},[197,86219,86220],{},[758,86221,58669],{"href":58668},[197,86223,86224],{},[758,86225,65554],{"href":72593},[1817,86227,86228],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":86230},[86231,86232,86234,86240,86242,86244,86249,86251,86257,86259,86260,86271],{"id":41,"depth":88,"text":42},{"id":84434,"depth":88,"text":86233},"What min() does",{"id":84455,"depth":88,"text":84456,"children":86235},[86236,86237,86238,86239],{"id":84540,"depth":109,"text":84543},{"id":84602,"depth":109,"text":84605},{"id":84652,"depth":109,"text":84655},{"id":84746,"depth":109,"text":84749},{"id":84808,"depth":88,"text":86241},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":84943,"depth":88,"text":86243},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85090,"depth":88,"text":86245,"children":86246},"Using min() with a key function",[86247,86248],{"id":85118,"depth":109,"text":85119},{"id":85193,"depth":109,"text":85194},{"id":85415,"depth":88,"text":86250},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10631,"depth":88,"text":10632,"children":86252},[86253,86255,86256],{"id":85557,"depth":109,"text":86254},"Empty list without default",{"id":85647,"depth":109,"text":85648},{"id":85800,"depth":109,"text":85801},{"id":85947,"depth":88,"text":86258},"When to use min()",{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":86261},[86262,86264,86266,86267,86269],{"id":86137,"depth":109,"text":86263},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86145,"depth":109,"text":86265},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71360,"depth":109,"text":71361},{"id":86163,"depth":109,"text":86268},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86179,"depth":109,"text":86270},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84317,"description":86272},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86279,"title":86280,"body":86281,"description":88460,"extension":1853,"meta":88461,"navigation":112,"path":88462,"seo":88463,"stem":88464,"__hash__":88465},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86282,"toc":88424},[86283,86286,86292,86298,86300,86381,86390,86394,86399,86401,86446,86448,86528,86534,86536,86539,86571,86573,86591,86593,86666,86668,86687,86691,86694,86730,86732,86799,86873,86946,86951,86955,86961,86964,86981,86984,86986,87047,87049,87069,87075,87079,87082,87152,87155,87174,87179,87255,87258,87262,87268,87272,87277,87347,87351,87356,87430,87434,87437,87512,87523,87527,87532,87622,87627,87695,87698,87717,87728,87732,87735,87740,87743,87805,87808,87819,87824,87827,87830,87835,87838,87841,87845,87848,87854,87857,87868,87870,87932,87947,87953,87956,87959,87970,87981,87987,87990,87992,88054,88064,88070,88075,88081,88085,88091,88094,88115,88117,88122,88149,88152,88179,88182,88221,88224,88262,88265,88326,88329,88331,88335,88338,88342,88348,88356,88364,88368,88371,88375,88381,88383,88421],[10,86284,86280],{"id":86285},"python-open-function-explained",[20,86287,86288,86291],{},[15,86289,86290],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,86293,86294,86295,86297],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,86296,86290],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[39,86299,42],{"id":41},[44,86301,86303],{"className":46,"code":86302,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,86304,86305,86354,86370],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,86306,86307,86310,86313,86315,86317,86320,86322,86324,86326,86328,86330,86332,86335,86337,86339,86342,86344,86346,86348,86352],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,86308,86309],{"class":3764},"with",[53,86311,86312],{"class":144}," open",[53,86314,127],{"class":66},[53,86316,229],{"class":228},[53,86318,86319],{"class":232},"example.txt",[53,86321,229],{"class":228},[53,86323,74],{"class":66},[53,86325,240],{"class":228},[53,86327,60219],{"class":232},[53,86329,229],{"class":228},[53,86331,74],{"class":66},[53,86333,86334],{"class":9063}," encoding",[53,86336,31],{"class":63},[53,86338,229],{"class":228},[53,86340,86341],{"class":232},"utf-8",[53,86343,229],{"class":228},[53,86345,153],{"class":66},[53,86347,47230],{"class":3764},[53,86349,86351],{"class":86350},"sMMDD"," file",[53,86353,6280],{"class":66},[53,86355,86356,86359,86361,86363,86365,86368],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,86357,86358],{"class":59},"    content ",[53,86360,31],{"class":63},[53,86362,86351],{"class":86350},[53,86364,99],{"class":66},[53,86366,86367],{"class":102},"read",[53,86369,106],{"class":66},[53,86371,86372,86374,86376,86379],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,86373,7954],{"class":144},[53,86375,127],{"class":66},[53,86377,86378],{"class":102},"content",[53,86380,133],{"class":66},[20,86382,174,86383,86385,86386,86389],{},[15,86384,86309],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86387,86388],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[39,86391,86393],{"id":86392},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,86395,86396,86398],{},[15,86397,86290],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,86400,11347],{},[194,86402,86403,86406,86411,86416],{},[197,86404,86405],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[197,86407,1006,86408,86410],{},[34,86409,36],{}," read or write anything by itself",[197,86412,17290,86413],{},[34,86414,86415],{},"file object",[197,86417,86418,86419],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[194,86420,86421,86426,86431,86436,86441],{},[197,86422,86423],{},[15,86424,86425],{},"read()",[197,86427,86428],{},[15,86429,86430],{},"readline()",[197,86432,86433],{},[15,86434,86435],{},"readlines()",[197,86437,86438],{},[15,86439,86440],{},"write()",[197,86442,86443],{},[15,86444,86445],{},"close()",[20,86447,211],{},[44,86449,86451],{"className":46,"code":86450,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86452,86453,86492,86507,86517],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,86454,86455,86458,86460,86462,86464,86466,86468,86470,86472,86474,86476,86478,86480,86482,86484,86486,86488,86490],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,86456,86457],{"class":86350},"file",[53,86459,13155],{"class":63},[53,86461,86312],{"class":144},[53,86463,127],{"class":66},[53,86465,229],{"class":228},[53,86467,86319],{"class":232},[53,86469,229],{"class":228},[53,86471,74],{"class":66},[53,86473,240],{"class":228},[53,86475,60219],{"class":232},[53,86477,229],{"class":228},[53,86479,74],{"class":66},[53,86481,86334],{"class":9063},[53,86483,31],{"class":63},[53,86485,229],{"class":228},[53,86487,86341],{"class":232},[53,86489,229],{"class":228},[53,86491,133],{"class":66},[53,86493,86494,86497,86499,86501,86503,86505],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,86495,86496],{"class":59},"content ",[53,86498,31],{"class":63},[53,86500,86351],{"class":86350},[53,86502,99],{"class":66},[53,86504,86367],{"class":102},[53,86506,106],{"class":66},[53,86508,86509,86511,86513,86515],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,86510,145],{"class":144},[53,86512,127],{"class":66},[53,86514,86378],{"class":102},[53,86516,133],{"class":66},[53,86518,86519,86521,86523,86526],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,86520,86457],{"class":86350},[53,86522,99],{"class":66},[53,86524,86525],{"class":102},"close",[53,86527,106],{"class":66},[20,86529,86530,86531,86533],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,86532,86309],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[39,86535,372],{"id":371},[20,86537,86538],{},"A common form is:",[44,86540,86542],{"className":46,"code":86541,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,86543,86544],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,86545,86546,86548,86550,86552,86554,86557,86559,86561,86563,86565,86567,86569],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,86547,42298],{"class":144},[53,86549,127],{"class":66},[53,86551,86457],{"class":86350},[53,86553,74],{"class":66},[53,86555,86556],{"class":102}," mode",[53,86558,74],{"class":66},[53,86560,86334],{"class":9063},[53,86562,31],{"class":63},[53,86564,229],{"class":228},[53,86566,86341],{"class":232},[53,86568,229],{"class":228},[53,86570,133],{"class":66},[20,86572,64760],{},[194,86574,86575,86580,86585],{},[197,86576,86577,86579],{},[15,86578,86457],{}," is the file name or file path",[197,86581,86582,86584],{},[15,86583,20787],{}," controls how the file is opened",[197,86586,86587,86590],{},[15,86588,86589],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,86592,211],{},[44,86594,86596],{"className":46,"code":86595,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,86597,86598,86641,86656],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,86599,86600,86602,86604,86606,86608,86611,86613,86615,86617,86619,86621,86623,86625,86627,86629,86631,86633,86635,86637,86639],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,86601,86309],{"class":3764},[53,86603,86312],{"class":144},[53,86605,127],{"class":66},[53,86607,229],{"class":228},[53,86609,86610],{"class":232},"notes.txt",[53,86612,229],{"class":228},[53,86614,74],{"class":66},[53,86616,240],{"class":228},[53,86618,60219],{"class":232},[53,86620,229],{"class":228},[53,86622,74],{"class":66},[53,86624,86334],{"class":9063},[53,86626,31],{"class":63},[53,86628,229],{"class":228},[53,86630,86341],{"class":232},[53,86632,229],{"class":228},[53,86634,153],{"class":66},[53,86636,47230],{"class":3764},[53,86638,86351],{"class":86350},[53,86640,6280],{"class":66},[53,86642,86643,86646,86648,86650,86652,86654],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,86644,86645],{"class":59},"    text ",[53,86647,31],{"class":63},[53,86649,86351],{"class":86350},[53,86651,99],{"class":66},[53,86653,86367],{"class":102},[53,86655,106],{"class":66},[53,86657,86658,86660,86662,86664],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,86659,7954],{"class":144},[53,86661,127],{"class":66},[53,86663,34582],{"class":102},[53,86665,133],{"class":66},[20,86667,19825],{},[194,86669,86670,86676,86681],{},[197,86671,86672,86675],{},[15,86673,86674],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[197,86677,86678,86680],{},[15,86679,86388],{}," means open for reading",[197,86682,86683,86686],{},[15,86684,86685],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[39,86688,86690],{"id":86689},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,86692,86693],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[194,86695,86696,86701,86707,86712,86718,86724],{},[197,86697,86698,86700],{},[15,86699,86388],{}," = read a text file",[197,86702,86703,86706],{},[15,86704,86705],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[197,86708,86709,86711],{},[15,86710,17963],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[197,86713,86714,86717],{},[15,86715,86716],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[197,86719,86720,86723],{},[15,86721,86722],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[197,86725,86726,86729],{},[15,86727,86728],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,86731,2013],{},[44,86733,86735],{"className":46,"code":86734,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,86736,86737,86742,86785],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,86738,86739],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,86740,86741],{"class":156},"# Read a text file\n",[53,86743,86744,86746,86748,86750,86752,86755,86757,86759,86761,86763,86765,86767,86769,86771,86773,86775,86777,86779,86781,86783],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,86745,86309],{"class":3764},[53,86747,86312],{"class":144},[53,86749,127],{"class":66},[53,86751,229],{"class":228},[53,86753,86754],{"class":232},"data.txt",[53,86756,229],{"class":228},[53,86758,74],{"class":66},[53,86760,240],{"class":228},[53,86762,60219],{"class":232},[53,86764,229],{"class":228},[53,86766,74],{"class":66},[53,86768,86334],{"class":9063},[53,86770,31],{"class":63},[53,86772,229],{"class":228},[53,86774,86341],{"class":232},[53,86776,229],{"class":228},[53,86778,153],{"class":66},[53,86780,47230],{"class":3764},[53,86782,86351],{"class":86350},[53,86784,6280],{"class":66},[53,86786,86787,86789,86791,86793,86795,86797],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,86788,7954],{"class":144},[53,86790,127],{"class":66},[53,86792,86457],{"class":86350},[53,86794,99],{"class":66},[53,86796,86367],{"class":102},[53,86798,7081],{"class":66},[44,86800,86802],{"className":46,"code":86801,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,86803,86804,86809,86851],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,86805,86806],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,86807,86808],{"class":156},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[53,86810,86811,86813,86815,86817,86819,86821,86823,86825,86827,86829,86831,86833,86835,86837,86839,86841,86843,86845,86847,86849],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,86812,86309],{"class":3764},[53,86814,86312],{"class":144},[53,86816,127],{"class":66},[53,86818,229],{"class":228},[53,86820,86754],{"class":232},[53,86822,229],{"class":228},[53,86824,74],{"class":66},[53,86826,240],{"class":228},[53,86828,60202],{"class":232},[53,86830,229],{"class":228},[53,86832,74],{"class":66},[53,86834,86334],{"class":9063},[53,86836,31],{"class":63},[53,86838,229],{"class":228},[53,86840,86341],{"class":232},[53,86842,229],{"class":228},[53,86844,153],{"class":66},[53,86846,47230],{"class":3764},[53,86848,86351],{"class":86350},[53,86850,6280],{"class":66},[53,86852,86853,86856,86858,86860,86862,86864,86866,86869,86871],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,86854,86855],{"class":86350},"    file",[53,86857,99],{"class":66},[53,86859,69910],{"class":102},[53,86861,127],{"class":66},[53,86863,229],{"class":228},[53,86865,34741],{"class":232},[53,86867,86868],{"class":34326},"\\n",[53,86870,229],{"class":228},[53,86872,133],{"class":66},[44,86874,86876],{"className":46,"code":86875,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,86877,86878,86883,86925],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,86879,86880],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,86881,86882],{"class":156},"# Append to a text file\n",[53,86884,86885,86887,86889,86891,86893,86895,86897,86899,86901,86903,86905,86907,86909,86911,86913,86915,86917,86919,86921,86923],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,86886,86309],{"class":3764},[53,86888,86312],{"class":144},[53,86890,127],{"class":66},[53,86892,229],{"class":228},[53,86894,86754],{"class":232},[53,86896,229],{"class":228},[53,86898,74],{"class":66},[53,86900,240],{"class":228},[53,86902,758],{"class":232},[53,86904,229],{"class":228},[53,86906,74],{"class":66},[53,86908,86334],{"class":9063},[53,86910,31],{"class":63},[53,86912,229],{"class":228},[53,86914,86341],{"class":232},[53,86916,229],{"class":228},[53,86918,153],{"class":66},[53,86920,47230],{"class":3764},[53,86922,86351],{"class":86350},[53,86924,6280],{"class":66},[53,86926,86927,86929,86931,86933,86935,86937,86940,86942,86944],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,86928,86855],{"class":86350},[53,86930,99],{"class":66},[53,86932,69910],{"class":102},[53,86934,127],{"class":66},[53,86936,229],{"class":228},[53,86938,86939],{"class":232},"Another line",[53,86941,86868],{"class":34326},[53,86943,229],{"class":228},[53,86945,133],{"class":66},[20,86947,69062,86948,86950],{},[15,86949,86705],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[39,86952,86954],{"id":86953},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,86956,86957,21844,86959,99],{},[15,86958,86290],{},[34,86960,86415],{},[20,86962,86963],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[194,86965,86966,86971,86976],{},[197,86967,86968],{},[15,86969,86970],{},"file.read()",[197,86972,86973],{},[15,86974,86975],{},"file.write()",[197,86977,86978],{},[15,86979,86980],{},"file.close()",[20,86982,86983],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,86985,211],{},[44,86987,86989],{"className":46,"code":86988,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,86990,86991,87033],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,86992,86993,86995,86997,86999,87001,87003,87005,87007,87009,87011,87013,87015,87017,87019,87021,87023,87025,87027,87029,87031],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,86994,86309],{"class":3764},[53,86996,86312],{"class":144},[53,86998,127],{"class":66},[53,87000,229],{"class":228},[53,87002,86319],{"class":232},[53,87004,229],{"class":228},[53,87006,74],{"class":66},[53,87008,240],{"class":228},[53,87010,60219],{"class":232},[53,87012,229],{"class":228},[53,87014,74],{"class":66},[53,87016,86334],{"class":9063},[53,87018,31],{"class":63},[53,87020,229],{"class":228},[53,87022,86341],{"class":232},[53,87024,229],{"class":228},[53,87026,153],{"class":66},[53,87028,47230],{"class":3764},[53,87030,86351],{"class":86350},[53,87032,6280],{"class":66},[53,87034,87035,87037,87039,87041,87043,87045],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,87036,7954],{"class":144},[53,87038,127],{"class":66},[53,87040,1705],{"class":1704},[53,87042,127],{"class":66},[53,87044,86457],{"class":86350},[53,87046,1713],{"class":66},[20,87048,29901],{},[44,87050,87052],{"className":46,"code":87051,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,87053,87054],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,87055,87056,87058,87060,87062,87065,87067],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,87057,3178],{"class":63},[53,87059,3181],{"class":1954},[53,87061,323],{"class":228},[53,87063,87064],{"class":232},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[53,87066,314],{"class":228},[53,87068,3190],{"class":63},[20,87070,87071,87072,87074],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,87073,86290],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[39,87076,87078],{"id":87077},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,87080,87081],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[44,87083,87084],{"className":46,"code":86302,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,87085,87086,87128,87142],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,87087,87088,87090,87092,87094,87096,87098,87100,87102,87104,87106,87108,87110,87112,87114,87116,87118,87120,87122,87124,87126],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,87089,86309],{"class":3764},[53,87091,86312],{"class":144},[53,87093,127],{"class":66},[53,87095,229],{"class":228},[53,87097,86319],{"class":232},[53,87099,229],{"class":228},[53,87101,74],{"class":66},[53,87103,240],{"class":228},[53,87105,60219],{"class":232},[53,87107,229],{"class":228},[53,87109,74],{"class":66},[53,87111,86334],{"class":9063},[53,87113,31],{"class":63},[53,87115,229],{"class":228},[53,87117,86341],{"class":232},[53,87119,229],{"class":228},[53,87121,153],{"class":66},[53,87123,47230],{"class":3764},[53,87125,86351],{"class":86350},[53,87127,6280],{"class":66},[53,87129,87130,87132,87134,87136,87138,87140],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,87131,86358],{"class":59},[53,87133,31],{"class":63},[53,87135,86351],{"class":86350},[53,87137,99],{"class":66},[53,87139,86367],{"class":102},[53,87141,106],{"class":66},[53,87143,87144,87146,87148,87150],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,87145,7954],{"class":144},[53,87147,127],{"class":66},[53,87149,86378],{"class":102},[53,87151,133],{"class":66},[20,87153,87154],{},"Why this is recommended:",[194,87156,87157,87162,87168,87171],{},[197,87158,87159,87161],{},[15,87160,86309],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[197,87163,87164,87165,87167],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,87166,86445],{}," yourself",[197,87169,87170],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[197,87172,87173],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,87175,83467,87176,87178],{},[15,87177,86309],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[44,87180,87181],{"className":46,"code":86450,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,87182,87183,87221,87235,87245],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,87184,87185,87187,87189,87191,87193,87195,87197,87199,87201,87203,87205,87207,87209,87211,87213,87215,87217,87219],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,87186,86457],{"class":86350},[53,87188,13155],{"class":63},[53,87190,86312],{"class":144},[53,87192,127],{"class":66},[53,87194,229],{"class":228},[53,87196,86319],{"class":232},[53,87198,229],{"class":228},[53,87200,74],{"class":66},[53,87202,240],{"class":228},[53,87204,60219],{"class":232},[53,87206,229],{"class":228},[53,87208,74],{"class":66},[53,87210,86334],{"class":9063},[53,87212,31],{"class":63},[53,87214,229],{"class":228},[53,87216,86341],{"class":232},[53,87218,229],{"class":228},[53,87220,133],{"class":66},[53,87222,87223,87225,87227,87229,87231,87233],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,87224,86496],{"class":59},[53,87226,31],{"class":63},[53,87228,86351],{"class":86350},[53,87230,99],{"class":66},[53,87232,86367],{"class":102},[53,87234,106],{"class":66},[53,87236,87237,87239,87241,87243],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,87238,145],{"class":144},[53,87240,127],{"class":66},[53,87242,86378],{"class":102},[53,87244,133],{"class":66},[53,87246,87247,87249,87251,87253],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,87248,86457],{"class":86350},[53,87250,99],{"class":66},[53,87252,86525],{"class":102},[53,87254,106],{"class":66},[20,87256,87257],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[39,87259,87261],{"id":87260},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,87263,87264,87265,87267],{},"Use mode ",[15,87266,86388],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[1327,87269,87271],{"id":87270},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,87273,87274,87276],{},[15,87275,86425],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[44,87278,87279],{"className":46,"code":86302,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,87280,87281,87323,87337],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,87282,87283,87285,87287,87289,87291,87293,87295,87297,87299,87301,87303,87305,87307,87309,87311,87313,87315,87317,87319,87321],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,87284,86309],{"class":3764},[53,87286,86312],{"class":144},[53,87288,127],{"class":66},[53,87290,229],{"class":228},[53,87292,86319],{"class":232},[53,87294,229],{"class":228},[53,87296,74],{"class":66},[53,87298,240],{"class":228},[53,87300,60219],{"class":232},[53,87302,229],{"class":228},[53,87304,74],{"class":66},[53,87306,86334],{"class":9063},[53,87308,31],{"class":63},[53,87310,229],{"class":228},[53,87312,86341],{"class":232},[53,87314,229],{"class":228},[53,87316,153],{"class":66},[53,87318,47230],{"class":3764},[53,87320,86351],{"class":86350},[53,87322,6280],{"class":66},[53,87324,87325,87327,87329,87331,87333,87335],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,87326,86358],{"class":59},[53,87328,31],{"class":63},[53,87330,86351],{"class":86350},[53,87332,99],{"class":66},[53,87334,86367],{"class":102},[53,87336,106],{"class":66},[53,87338,87339,87341,87343,87345],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,87340,7954],{"class":144},[53,87342,127],{"class":66},[53,87344,86378],{"class":102},[53,87346,133],{"class":66},[1327,87348,87350],{"id":87349},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,87352,87353,87355],{},[15,87354,86430],{}," reads one line at a time.",[44,87357,87359],{"className":46,"code":87358,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87360,87361,87403,87419],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,87362,87363,87365,87367,87369,87371,87373,87375,87377,87379,87381,87383,87385,87387,87389,87391,87393,87395,87397,87399,87401],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,87364,86309],{"class":3764},[53,87366,86312],{"class":144},[53,87368,127],{"class":66},[53,87370,229],{"class":228},[53,87372,86319],{"class":232},[53,87374,229],{"class":228},[53,87376,74],{"class":66},[53,87378,240],{"class":228},[53,87380,60219],{"class":232},[53,87382,229],{"class":228},[53,87384,74],{"class":66},[53,87386,86334],{"class":9063},[53,87388,31],{"class":63},[53,87390,229],{"class":228},[53,87392,86341],{"class":232},[53,87394,229],{"class":228},[53,87396,153],{"class":66},[53,87398,47230],{"class":3764},[53,87400,86351],{"class":86350},[53,87402,6280],{"class":66},[53,87404,87405,87408,87410,87412,87414,87417],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,87406,87407],{"class":59},"    first_line ",[53,87409,31],{"class":63},[53,87411,86351],{"class":86350},[53,87413,99],{"class":66},[53,87415,87416],{"class":102},"readline",[53,87418,106],{"class":66},[53,87420,87421,87423,87425,87428],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,87422,7954],{"class":144},[53,87424,127],{"class":66},[53,87426,87427],{"class":102},"first_line",[53,87429,133],{"class":66},[1327,87431,87433],{"id":87432},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87435,87436],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[44,87438,87440],{"className":46,"code":87439,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87441,87442,87484,87498],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,87443,87444,87446,87448,87450,87452,87454,87456,87458,87460,87462,87464,87466,87468,87470,87472,87474,87476,87478,87480,87482],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,87445,86309],{"class":3764},[53,87447,86312],{"class":144},[53,87449,127],{"class":66},[53,87451,229],{"class":228},[53,87453,86319],{"class":232},[53,87455,229],{"class":228},[53,87457,74],{"class":66},[53,87459,240],{"class":228},[53,87461,60219],{"class":232},[53,87463,229],{"class":228},[53,87465,74],{"class":66},[53,87467,86334],{"class":9063},[53,87469,31],{"class":63},[53,87471,229],{"class":228},[53,87473,86341],{"class":232},[53,87475,229],{"class":228},[53,87477,153],{"class":66},[53,87479,47230],{"class":3764},[53,87481,86351],{"class":86350},[53,87483,6280],{"class":66},[53,87485,87486,87489,87492,87494,87496],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,87487,87488],{"class":3764},"    for",[53,87490,87491],{"class":59}," line ",[53,87493,3771],{"class":3764},[53,87495,86351],{"class":86350},[53,87497,6280],{"class":66},[53,87499,87500,87502,87504,87506,87508,87510],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,87501,47210],{"class":144},[53,87503,127],{"class":66},[53,87505,55],{"class":102},[53,87507,99],{"class":66},[53,87509,8521],{"class":102},[53,87511,7081],{"class":66},[20,87513,87514,87515,2765,87519,99],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[758,87516,87518],{"href":87517},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[758,87520,87522],{"href":87521},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[39,87524,87526],{"id":87525},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,87528,174,87529,87531],{},[15,87530,86705],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[44,87533,87535],{"className":46,"code":87534,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,87536,87537,87580,87601],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,87538,87539,87541,87543,87545,87547,87550,87552,87554,87556,87558,87560,87562,87564,87566,87568,87570,87572,87574,87576,87578],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,87540,86309],{"class":3764},[53,87542,86312],{"class":144},[53,87544,127],{"class":66},[53,87546,229],{"class":228},[53,87548,87549],{"class":232},"output.txt",[53,87551,229],{"class":228},[53,87553,74],{"class":66},[53,87555,240],{"class":228},[53,87557,60202],{"class":232},[53,87559,229],{"class":228},[53,87561,74],{"class":66},[53,87563,86334],{"class":9063},[53,87565,31],{"class":63},[53,87567,229],{"class":228},[53,87569,86341],{"class":232},[53,87571,229],{"class":228},[53,87573,153],{"class":66},[53,87575,47230],{"class":3764},[53,87577,86351],{"class":86350},[53,87579,6280],{"class":66},[53,87581,87582,87584,87586,87588,87590,87592,87595,87597,87599],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,87583,86855],{"class":86350},[53,87585,99],{"class":66},[53,87587,69910],{"class":102},[53,87589,127],{"class":66},[53,87591,229],{"class":228},[53,87593,87594],{"class":232},"First line",[53,87596,86868],{"class":34326},[53,87598,229],{"class":228},[53,87600,133],{"class":66},[53,87602,87603,87605,87607,87609,87611,87613,87616,87618,87620],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,87604,86855],{"class":86350},[53,87606,99],{"class":66},[53,87608,69910],{"class":102},[53,87610,127],{"class":66},[53,87612,229],{"class":228},[53,87614,87615],{"class":232},"Second line",[53,87617,86868],{"class":34326},[53,87619,229],{"class":228},[53,87621,133],{"class":66},[20,87623,174,87624,87626],{},[15,87625,17963],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[44,87628,87630],{"className":46,"code":87629,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,87631,87632,87674],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,87633,87634,87636,87638,87640,87642,87644,87646,87648,87650,87652,87654,87656,87658,87660,87662,87664,87666,87668,87670,87672],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,87635,86309],{"class":3764},[53,87637,86312],{"class":144},[53,87639,127],{"class":66},[53,87641,229],{"class":228},[53,87643,87549],{"class":232},[53,87645,229],{"class":228},[53,87647,74],{"class":66},[53,87649,240],{"class":228},[53,87651,758],{"class":232},[53,87653,229],{"class":228},[53,87655,74],{"class":66},[53,87657,86334],{"class":9063},[53,87659,31],{"class":63},[53,87661,229],{"class":228},[53,87663,86341],{"class":232},[53,87665,229],{"class":228},[53,87667,153],{"class":66},[53,87669,47230],{"class":3764},[53,87671,86351],{"class":86350},[53,87673,6280],{"class":66},[53,87675,87676,87678,87680,87682,87684,87686,87689,87691,87693],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,87677,86855],{"class":86350},[53,87679,99],{"class":66},[53,87681,69910],{"class":102},[53,87683,127],{"class":66},[53,87685,229],{"class":228},[53,87687,87688],{"class":232},"Third line",[53,87690,86868],{"class":34326},[53,87692,229],{"class":228},[53,87694,133],{"class":66},[20,87696,87697],{},"Important detail:",[194,87699,87700,87705,87712],{},[197,87701,87702,87704],{},[15,87703,86440],{}," writes a string",[197,87706,87707,32,87709,87711],{},[15,87708,86440],{},[34,87710,36],{}," add a newline for you",[197,87713,87714,87715,87167],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,87716,86868],{},[20,87718,87719,87720,2765,87724,99],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[758,87721,87723],{"href":87722},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[758,87725,87727],{"href":87726},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[39,87729,87731],{"id":87730},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,87733,87734],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[1327,87736,87738],{"id":87737},"encodingutf-8",[15,87739,86685],{},[20,87741,87742],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[44,87744,87746],{"className":46,"code":87745,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87747,87748,87791],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,87749,87750,87752,87754,87756,87758,87761,87763,87765,87767,87769,87771,87773,87775,87777,87779,87781,87783,87785,87787,87789],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,87751,86309],{"class":3764},[53,87753,86312],{"class":144},[53,87755,127],{"class":66},[53,87757,229],{"class":228},[53,87759,87760],{"class":232},"message.txt",[53,87762,229],{"class":228},[53,87764,74],{"class":66},[53,87766,240],{"class":228},[53,87768,60219],{"class":232},[53,87770,229],{"class":228},[53,87772,74],{"class":66},[53,87774,86334],{"class":9063},[53,87776,31],{"class":63},[53,87778,229],{"class":228},[53,87780,86341],{"class":232},[53,87782,229],{"class":228},[53,87784,153],{"class":66},[53,87786,47230],{"class":3764},[53,87788,86351],{"class":86350},[53,87790,6280],{"class":66},[53,87792,87793,87795,87797,87799,87801,87803],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,87794,7954],{"class":144},[53,87796,127],{"class":66},[53,87798,86457],{"class":86350},[53,87800,99],{"class":66},[53,87802,86367],{"class":102},[53,87804,7081],{"class":66},[20,87806,87807],{},"Why it matters:",[194,87809,87810,87813,87816],{},[197,87811,87812],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[197,87814,87815],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[197,87817,87818],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[1327,87820,87822],{"id":87821},"newline",[15,87823,87821],{},[20,87825,87826],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,87828,87829],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[1327,87831,87833],{"id":87832},"buffering",[15,87834,87832],{},[20,87836,87837],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,87839,87840],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[39,87842,87844],{"id":87843},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,87846,87847],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[1327,87849,87851],{"id":87850},"filenotfounderror",[15,87852,87853],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,87855,87856],{},"This happens when:",[194,87858,87859,87862,87865],{},[197,87860,87861],{},"the file does not exist",[197,87863,87864],{},"the path is wrong",[197,87866,87867],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,87869,211],{},[44,87871,87873],{"className":46,"code":87872,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87874,87875,87918],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,87876,87877,87879,87881,87883,87885,87888,87890,87892,87894,87896,87898,87900,87902,87904,87906,87908,87910,87912,87914,87916],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,87878,86309],{"class":3764},[53,87880,86312],{"class":144},[53,87882,127],{"class":66},[53,87884,229],{"class":228},[53,87886,87887],{"class":232},"missing.txt",[53,87889,229],{"class":228},[53,87891,74],{"class":66},[53,87893,240],{"class":228},[53,87895,60219],{"class":232},[53,87897,229],{"class":228},[53,87899,74],{"class":66},[53,87901,86334],{"class":9063},[53,87903,31],{"class":63},[53,87905,229],{"class":228},[53,87907,86341],{"class":232},[53,87909,229],{"class":228},[53,87911,153],{"class":66},[53,87913,47230],{"class":3764},[53,87915,86351],{"class":86350},[53,87917,6280],{"class":66},[53,87919,87920,87922,87924,87926,87928,87930],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,87921,7954],{"class":144},[53,87923,127],{"class":66},[53,87925,86457],{"class":86350},[53,87927,99],{"class":66},[53,87929,86367],{"class":102},[53,87931,7081],{"class":66},[20,87933,87934,87935,960,87943,99],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[758,87936,87938,87939,87942],{"href":87937},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[53,87940,87941],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[758,87944,87946],{"href":87945},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[1327,87948,87950],{"id":87949},"permissionerror",[15,87951,87952],{},"PermissionError",[20,87954,87955],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,87957,87958],{},"Example causes:",[194,87960,87961,87964,87967],{},[197,87962,87963],{},"the file is protected",[197,87965,87966],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[197,87968,87969],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,87971,87972,87973],{},"Related page: ",[758,87974,87976,87977,87980],{"href":87975},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[53,87978,87979],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[1327,87982,87984],{"id":87983},"isadirectoryerror",[15,87985,87986],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,87988,87989],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,87991,211],{},[44,87993,87995],{"className":46,"code":87994,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87996,87997,88040],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,87998,87999,88001,88003,88005,88007,88010,88012,88014,88016,88018,88020,88022,88024,88026,88028,88030,88032,88034,88036,88038],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88000,86309],{"class":3764},[53,88002,86312],{"class":144},[53,88004,127],{"class":66},[53,88006,229],{"class":228},[53,88008,88009],{"class":232},"my_folder",[53,88011,229],{"class":228},[53,88013,74],{"class":66},[53,88015,240],{"class":228},[53,88017,60219],{"class":232},[53,88019,229],{"class":228},[53,88021,74],{"class":66},[53,88023,86334],{"class":9063},[53,88025,31],{"class":63},[53,88027,229],{"class":228},[53,88029,86341],{"class":232},[53,88031,229],{"class":228},[53,88033,153],{"class":66},[53,88035,47230],{"class":3764},[53,88037,86351],{"class":86350},[53,88039,6280],{"class":66},[53,88041,88042,88044,88046,88048,88050,88052],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,88043,7954],{"class":144},[53,88045,127],{"class":66},[53,88047,86457],{"class":86350},[53,88049,99],{"class":66},[53,88051,86367],{"class":102},[53,88053,7081],{"class":66},[20,88055,87972,88056],{},[758,88057,88059,88060,88063],{"href":88058},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[53,88061,88062],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[1327,88065,88067],{"id":88066},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,88068,88069],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,88071,88072,88073,99],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,88074,86290],{},[20,88076,87972,88077],{},[758,88078,88080],{"href":88079},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[39,88082,88084],{"id":88083},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,88086,88087,88088,88090],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,88089,86290],{}," function.",[20,88092,88093],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[194,88095,88096,88099,88102,88108],{},[197,88097,88098],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[197,88100,88101],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[197,88103,88104,88105,88107],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,88106,86290],{}," itself",[197,88109,88110,88111],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[758,88112,88114],{"href":88113},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[39,88116,2716],{"id":2715},[20,88118,88119,88120,192],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,88121,86290],{},[194,88123,88124,88129,88135,88140,88143,88146],{},[197,88125,485,88126,88128],{},[15,88127,86388],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[197,88130,88131,88132,88134],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,88133,86589],{}," for text files",[197,88136,485,88137,88139],{},[15,88138,86705],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[197,88141,88142],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[197,88144,88145],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[197,88147,88148],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,88150,88151],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[44,88153,88155],{"className":46,"code":88154,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,88156,88157,88164],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88158,88159,88161],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88160,34965],{"class":3764},[53,88162,88163],{"class":59}," os\n",[53,88165,88166,88168,88170,88172,88174,88177],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,88167,145],{"class":144},[53,88169,127],{"class":66},[53,88171,42497],{"class":102},[53,88173,99],{"class":66},[53,88175,88176],{"class":102},"getcwd",[53,88178,7081],{"class":66},[20,88180,88181],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[44,88183,88185],{"className":46,"code":88184,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88186,88187,88193],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88188,88189,88191],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88190,34965],{"class":3764},[53,88192,88163],{"class":59},[53,88194,88195,88197,88199,88201,88203,88206,88208,88211,88213,88215,88217,88219],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,88196,145],{"class":144},[53,88198,127],{"class":66},[53,88200,42497],{"class":102},[53,88202,99],{"class":66},[53,88204,88205],{"class":24620},"path",[53,88207,99],{"class":66},[53,88209,88210],{"class":102},"exists",[53,88212,127],{"class":66},[53,88214,229],{"class":228},[53,88216,86319],{"class":232},[53,88218,229],{"class":228},[53,88220,1713],{"class":66},[20,88222,88223],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[44,88225,88227],{"className":46,"code":88226,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88228,88229,88235],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88230,88231,88233],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88232,34965],{"class":3764},[53,88234,88163],{"class":59},[53,88236,88237,88239,88241,88243,88245,88247,88249,88252,88254,88256,88258,88260],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,88238,145],{"class":144},[53,88240,127],{"class":66},[53,88242,42497],{"class":102},[53,88244,99],{"class":66},[53,88246,88205],{"class":24620},[53,88248,99],{"class":66},[53,88250,88251],{"class":102},"isfile",[53,88253,127],{"class":66},[53,88255,229],{"class":228},[53,88257,86319],{"class":232},[53,88259,229],{"class":228},[53,88261,1713],{"class":66},[20,88263,88264],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[44,88266,88268],{"className":46,"code":88267,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88269,88270,88312],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88271,88272,88274,88276,88278,88280,88282,88284,88286,88288,88290,88292,88294,88296,88298,88300,88302,88304,88306,88308,88310],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88273,86309],{"class":3764},[53,88275,86312],{"class":144},[53,88277,127],{"class":66},[53,88279,229],{"class":228},[53,88281,86319],{"class":232},[53,88283,229],{"class":228},[53,88285,74],{"class":66},[53,88287,240],{"class":228},[53,88289,60219],{"class":232},[53,88291,229],{"class":228},[53,88293,74],{"class":66},[53,88295,86334],{"class":9063},[53,88297,31],{"class":63},[53,88299,229],{"class":228},[53,88301,86341],{"class":232},[53,88303,229],{"class":228},[53,88305,153],{"class":66},[53,88307,47230],{"class":3764},[53,88309,86351],{"class":86350},[53,88311,6280],{"class":66},[53,88313,88314,88316,88318,88320,88322,88324],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,88315,7954],{"class":144},[53,88317,127],{"class":66},[53,88319,86457],{"class":86350},[53,88321,99],{"class":66},[53,88323,86367],{"class":102},[53,88325,7081],{"class":66},[20,88327,88328],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[39,88330,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,88332,88334],{"id":88333},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,88336,88337],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[1327,88339,88341],{"id":88340},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,88343,88344,88345,88347],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,88346,86309],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[1327,88349,1739,88351,960,88353,88355],{"id":88350},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,88352,86705],{},[15,88354,17963],{}," mode?",[20,88357,88358,88360,88361,88363],{},[15,88359,86705],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88362,17963],{}," adds new content to the end.",[1327,88365,88367],{"id":88366},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,88369,88370],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[1327,88372,88374],{"id":88373},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,88376,88377,88378,88380],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88379,86685],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[39,88382,1788],{"id":1787},[194,88384,88385,88389,88393,88397,88401,88405,88409,88415],{},[197,88386,88387],{},[758,88388,87518],{"href":87517},[197,88390,88391],{},[758,88392,87723],{"href":87722},[197,88394,88395],{},[758,88396,87727],{"href":87726},[197,88398,88399],{},[758,88400,87522],{"href":87521},[197,88402,88403],{},[758,88404,88114],{"href":88113},[197,88406,88407],{},[758,88408,87946],{"href":87945},[197,88410,88411],{},[758,88412,87938,88413,87942],{"href":87937},[53,88414,87941],{},[197,88416,88417],{},[758,88418,87976,88419,87980],{"href":87975},[53,88420,87979],{},[1817,88422,88423],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":88425},[88426,88427,88428,88429,88430,88431,88432,88437,88438,88443,88449,88450,88451,88459],{"id":41,"depth":88,"text":42},{"id":86392,"depth":88,"text":86393},{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372},{"id":86689,"depth":88,"text":86690},{"id":86953,"depth":88,"text":86954},{"id":87077,"depth":88,"text":87078},{"id":87260,"depth":88,"text":87261,"children":88433},[88434,88435,88436],{"id":87270,"depth":109,"text":87271},{"id":87349,"depth":109,"text":87350},{"id":87432,"depth":109,"text":87433},{"id":87525,"depth":88,"text":87526},{"id":87730,"depth":88,"text":87731,"children":88439},[88440,88441,88442],{"id":87737,"depth":109,"text":86685},{"id":87821,"depth":109,"text":87821},{"id":87832,"depth":109,"text":87832},{"id":87843,"depth":88,"text":87844,"children":88444},[88445,88446,88447,88448],{"id":87850,"depth":109,"text":87853},{"id":87949,"depth":109,"text":87952},{"id":87983,"depth":109,"text":87986},{"id":88066,"depth":109,"text":88069},{"id":88083,"depth":88,"text":88084},{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":88452},[88453,88454,88455,88457,88458],{"id":88333,"depth":109,"text":88334},{"id":88340,"depth":109,"text":88341},{"id":88350,"depth":109,"text":88456},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88366,"depth":109,"text":88367},{"id":88373,"depth":109,"text":88374},{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86280,"description":88460},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88467,"title":88468,"body":88469,"description":90464,"extension":1853,"meta":90465,"navigation":112,"path":90466,"seo":90467,"stem":90468,"__hash__":90469},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88470,"toc":90411},[88471,88476,88481,88487,88489,88557,88559,88578,88583,88588,88593,88596,88608,88610,88653,88655,88673,88684,88686,88688,88713,88715,88726,88728,88788,88790,88816,88819,88823,88828,88832,88835,88869,88873,88876,88901,88905,88928,88932,88965,88970,88974,88979,88982,89050,89052,89076,89081,89084,89115,89117,89149,89166,89170,89175,89199,89206,89211,89216,89219,89223,89258,89260,89269,89273,89364,89366,89397,89402,89409,89414,89423,89426,89460,89462,89476,89480,89521,89523,89532,89536,89584,89586,89600,89605,89616,89623,89629,89631,89666,89668,89682,89685,89707,89713,89742,89753,89759,89765,89779,89781,89860,89862,89912,89919,89921,89926,89930,89933,89948,89953,89955,89974,89980,89983,89998,90000,90018,90024,90029,90059,90062,90085,90088,90115,90122,90128,90136,90159,90164,90172,90174,90194,90198,90204,90254,90257,90279,90281,90287,90295,90301,90307,90315,90320,90324,90327,90350,90355,90362,90374,90376,90408],[10,88472,3463,88474,3467],{"id":88473},"python-print-function-explained",[15,88475,46324],{},[20,88477,32190,88478,88480],{},[15,88479,46324],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,88482,88483,88484,88486],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,88485,46324],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[39,88488,42],{"id":41},[44,88490,88492],{"className":46,"code":88491,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,88493,88494,88506,88515,88519,88529,88539],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88495,88496,88498,88500,88502,88504],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88497,1672],{"class":59},[53,88499,31],{"class":63},[53,88501,240],{"class":228},[53,88503,7806],{"class":232},[53,88505,1682],{"class":228},[53,88507,88508,88510,88512],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,88509,21497],{"class":59},[53,88511,31],{"class":63},[53,88513,88514],{"class":70}," 12\n",[53,88516,88517],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,88518,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,88520,88521,88523,88525,88527],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,88522,145],{"class":144},[53,88524,127],{"class":66},[53,88526,1710],{"class":102},[53,88528,133],{"class":66},[53,88530,88531,88533,88535,88537],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,88532,145],{"class":144},[53,88534,127],{"class":66},[53,88536,9187],{"class":102},[53,88538,133],{"class":66},[53,88540,88541,88543,88545,88547,88549,88551,88553,88555],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,88542,145],{"class":144},[53,88544,127],{"class":66},[53,88546,229],{"class":228},[53,88548,34741],{"class":232},[53,88550,229],{"class":228},[53,88552,74],{"class":66},[53,88554,35867],{"class":102},[53,88556,133],{"class":66},[20,88558,301],{},[44,88560,88562],{"className":46,"code":88561,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,88563,88564,88569,88573],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88565,88566],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88567,88568],{"class":59},"Mia\n",[53,88570,88571],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,88572,2112],{"class":70},[53,88574,88575],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,88576,88577],{"class":59},"Hello Mia\n",[20,88579,174,88580,88582],{},[15,88581,46324],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[39,88584,184,88586,187],{"id":88585},"what-print-does",[15,88587,46324],{},[20,88589,88590,88592],{},[15,88591,46324],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,88594,88595],{},"You can use it to display:",[194,88597,88598,88600,88602,88605],{},[197,88599,34582],{},[197,88601,150],{},[197,88603,88604],{},"variables",[197,88606,88607],{},"expressions",[20,88609,211],{},[44,88611,88613],{"className":46,"code":88612,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,88614,88615,88629,88639],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88616,88617,88619,88621,88623,88625,88627],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88618,145],{"class":144},[53,88620,127],{"class":66},[53,88622,229],{"class":228},[53,88624,34741],{"class":232},[53,88626,229],{"class":228},[53,88628,133],{"class":66},[53,88630,88631,88633,88635,88637],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,88632,145],{"class":144},[53,88634,127],{"class":66},[53,88636,2024],{"class":70},[53,88638,133],{"class":66},[53,88640,88641,88643,88645,88647,88649,88651],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,88642,145],{"class":144},[53,88644,127],{"class":66},[53,88646,1589],{"class":70},[53,88648,2342],{"class":63},[53,88650,82],{"class":70},[53,88652,133],{"class":66},[20,88654,301],{},[44,88656,88658],{"className":46,"code":88657,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,88659,88660,88665,88669],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88661,88662],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88663,88664],{"class":59},"Hello\n",[53,88666,88667],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,88668,2834],{"class":70},[53,88670,88671],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,88672,2834],{"class":70},[20,88674,88675,88676,88678,88679,88683],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,88677,46324],{}," ",[34,88680,3577,88681],{},[15,88682,3664],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[39,88685,372],{"id":371},[20,88687,30597],{},[44,88689,88691],{"className":46,"code":88690,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,88692,88693],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88694,88695,88697,88699,88702,88704,88707,88709,88711],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88696,145],{"class":144},[53,88698,127],{"class":66},[53,88700,88701],{"class":102},"object1",[53,88703,74],{"class":66},[53,88705,88706],{"class":102}," object2",[53,88708,74],{"class":66},[53,88710,34327],{"class":144},[53,88712,133],{"class":66},[20,88714,79918],{},[194,88716,88717,88720,88723],{},[197,88718,88719],{},"one value",[197,88721,88722],{},"many values",[197,88724,88725],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,88727,211],{},[44,88729,88731],{"className":46,"code":88730,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,88732,88733,88747,88766],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88734,88735,88737,88739,88741,88743,88745],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88736,145],{"class":144},[53,88738,127],{"class":66},[53,88740,229],{"class":228},[53,88742,57481],{"class":232},[53,88744,229],{"class":228},[53,88746,133],{"class":66},[53,88748,88749,88751,88753,88755,88758,88760,88762,88764],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,88750,145],{"class":144},[53,88752,127],{"class":66},[53,88754,229],{"class":228},[53,88756,88757],{"class":232},"Score:",[53,88759,229],{"class":228},[53,88761,74],{"class":66},[53,88763,5890],{"class":70},[53,88765,133],{"class":66},[53,88767,88768,88770,88772,88774,88776,88778,88780,88782,88784,88786],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,88769,145],{"class":144},[53,88771,127],{"class":66},[53,88773,229],{"class":228},[53,88775,45435],{"class":232},[53,88777,229],{"class":228},[53,88779,74],{"class":66},[53,88781,597],{"class":70},[53,88783,2342],{"class":63},[53,88785,37518],{"class":70},[53,88787,133],{"class":66},[20,88789,301],{},[44,88791,88793],{"className":46,"code":88792,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,88794,88795,88799,88808],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88796,88797],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88798,85071],{"class":59},[53,88800,88801,88804,88806],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,88802,88803],{"class":59},"Score",[53,88805,192],{"class":66},[53,88807,2472],{"class":70},[53,88809,88810,88812,88814],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,88811,45475],{"class":59},[53,88813,192],{"class":66},[53,88815,2472],{"class":70},[20,88817,88818],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[39,88820,88822],{"id":88821},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,88824,88825,88826,99],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,88827,46324],{},[1327,88829,88831],{"id":88830},"print-text","Print text",[20,88833,88834],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[44,88836,88838],{"className":46,"code":88837,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,88839,88840,88854],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88841,88842,88844,88846,88848,88850,88852],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88843,145],{"class":144},[53,88845,127],{"class":66},[53,88847,229],{"class":228},[53,88849,34741],{"class":232},[53,88851,229],{"class":228},[53,88853,133],{"class":66},[53,88855,88856,88858,88860,88862,88865,88867],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,88857,145],{"class":144},[53,88859,127],{"class":66},[53,88861,229],{"class":228},[53,88863,88864],{"class":232},"Python is fun",[53,88866,229],{"class":228},[53,88868,133],{"class":66},[1327,88870,88872],{"id":88871},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,88874,88875],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[44,88877,88879],{"className":46,"code":88878,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,88880,88881,88891],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88882,88883,88885,88887,88889],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88884,145],{"class":144},[53,88886,127],{"class":66},[53,88888,2024],{"class":70},[53,88890,133],{"class":66},[53,88892,88893,88895,88897,88899],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,88894,145],{"class":144},[53,88896,127],{"class":66},[53,88898,40016],{"class":70},[53,88900,133],{"class":66},[1327,88902,88904],{"id":88903},"print-variables","Print variables",[44,88906,88908],{"className":46,"code":88907,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,88909,88910,88918],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88911,88912,88914,88916],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88913,4979],{"class":59},[53,88915,31],{"class":63},[53,88917,14005],{"class":70},[53,88919,88920,88922,88924,88926],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,88921,145],{"class":144},[53,88923,127],{"class":66},[53,88925,85235],{"class":102},[53,88927,133],{"class":66},[1327,88929,88931],{"id":88930},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[44,88933,88935],{"className":46,"code":88934,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,88936,88937,88951],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88938,88939,88941,88943,88945,88947,88949],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88940,145],{"class":144},[53,88942,127],{"class":66},[53,88944,1589],{"class":70},[53,88946,2342],{"class":63},[53,88948,82],{"class":70},[53,88950,133],{"class":66},[53,88952,88953,88955,88957,88959,88961,88963],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,88954,145],{"class":144},[53,88956,127],{"class":66},[53,88958,1188],{"class":70},[53,88960,82547],{"class":63},[53,88962,597],{"class":70},[53,88964,133],{"class":66},[20,88966,88967,88968,99],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[758,88969,50849],{"href":50848},[39,88971,88973],{"id":88972},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,88975,88976,88978],{},[15,88977,46324],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,88980,88981],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[44,88983,88985],{"className":46,"code":88984,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,88986,88987,89000,89008,89012,89031],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88988,88989,88991,88993,88995,88998],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88990,1672],{"class":59},[53,88992,31],{"class":63},[53,88994,240],{"class":228},[53,88996,88997],{"class":232},"Ava",[53,88999,1682],{"class":228},[53,89001,89002,89004,89006],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,89003,21497],{"class":59},[53,89005,31],{"class":63},[53,89007,2472],{"class":70},[53,89009,89010],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,89011,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,89013,89014,89016,89018,89020,89023,89025,89027,89029],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,89015,145],{"class":144},[53,89017,127],{"class":66},[53,89019,229],{"class":228},[53,89021,89022],{"class":232},"Name:",[53,89024,229],{"class":228},[53,89026,74],{"class":66},[53,89028,35867],{"class":102},[53,89030,133],{"class":66},[53,89032,89033,89035,89037,89039,89042,89044,89046,89048],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,89034,145],{"class":144},[53,89036,127],{"class":66},[53,89038,229],{"class":228},[53,89040,89041],{"class":232},"Age:",[53,89043,229],{"class":228},[53,89045,74],{"class":66},[53,89047,9076],{"class":102},[53,89049,133],{"class":66},[20,89051,301],{},[44,89053,89055],{"className":46,"code":89054,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,89056,89057,89067],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89058,89059,89062,89064],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89060,89061],{"class":59},"Name",[53,89063,192],{"class":66},[53,89065,89066],{"class":59}," Ava\n",[53,89068,89069,89072,89074],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,89070,89071],{"class":59},"Age",[53,89073,192],{"class":66},[53,89075,2472],{"class":70},[20,89077,89078,89079,99],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,89080,1949],{},[20,89082,89083],{},"For example, this works:",[44,89085,89087],{"className":46,"code":89086,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89088,89089,89097],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89090,89091,89093,89095],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89092,21497],{"class":59},[53,89094,31],{"class":63},[53,89096,2472],{"class":70},[53,89098,89099,89101,89103,89105,89107,89109,89111,89113],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,89100,145],{"class":144},[53,89102,127],{"class":66},[53,89104,229],{"class":228},[53,89106,89041],{"class":232},[53,89108,229],{"class":228},[53,89110,74],{"class":66},[53,89112,9076],{"class":102},[53,89114,133],{"class":66},[20,89116,36800],{},[44,89118,89120],{"className":46,"code":89119,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,89121,89122,89130],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89123,89124,89126,89128],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89125,21497],{"class":59},[53,89127,31],{"class":63},[53,89129,2472],{"class":70},[53,89131,89132,89134,89136,89138,89141,89143,89145,89147],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,89133,145],{"class":144},[53,89135,127],{"class":66},[53,89137,229],{"class":228},[53,89139,89140],{"class":232},"Age: ",[53,89142,229],{"class":228},[53,89144,2342],{"class":63},[53,89146,9076],{"class":102},[53,89148,133],{"class":66},[20,89150,89151,89152,89155,89156,89158,89159,89161,89162,99],{},"That fails because ",[15,89153,89154],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,89157,9187],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,89160,1949],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[758,89163,89164],{"href":42046},[15,89165,47556],{},[39,89167,89169],{"id":89168},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,89171,89172,89174],{},[15,89173,46324],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[194,89176,89177,89183,89188,89193],{},[197,89178,89179,89182],{},[15,89180,89181],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[197,89184,89185,89187],{},[15,89186,52532],{}," controls what is added after the output",[197,89189,89190,89192],{},[15,89191,86457],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[197,89194,89195,89198],{},[15,89196,89197],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,89200,89201,89202,960,89204,99],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,89203,89181],{},[15,89205,52532],{},[39,89207,89209,36489],{"id":89208},"sep-argument",[15,89210,89181],{},[20,89212,1870,89213,89215],{},[15,89214,89181],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,89217,89218],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[1327,89220,89222],{"id":89221},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[44,89224,89226],{"className":46,"code":89225,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,89227,89228],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89229,89230,89232,89234,89236,89238,89240,89242,89244,89246,89248,89250,89252,89254,89256],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89231,145],{"class":144},[53,89233,127],{"class":66},[53,89235,229],{"class":228},[53,89237,1034],{"class":232},[53,89239,229],{"class":228},[53,89241,74],{"class":66},[53,89243,240],{"class":228},[53,89245,17324],{"class":232},[53,89247,229],{"class":228},[53,89249,74],{"class":66},[53,89251,240],{"class":228},[53,89253,1043],{"class":232},[53,89255,229],{"class":228},[53,89257,133],{"class":66},[20,89259,301],{},[44,89261,89263],{"className":46,"code":89262,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"red green blue\n",[15,89264,89265],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89266,89267],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89268,89262],{"class":59},[1327,89270,89272],{"id":89271},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[44,89274,89276],{"className":46,"code":89275,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,89277,89278,89321],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89279,89280,89282,89284,89286,89288,89290,89292,89294,89296,89298,89300,89302,89304,89306,89308,89311,89313,89315,89317,89319],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89281,145],{"class":144},[53,89283,127],{"class":66},[53,89285,229],{"class":228},[53,89287,1034],{"class":232},[53,89289,229],{"class":228},[53,89291,74],{"class":66},[53,89293,240],{"class":228},[53,89295,17324],{"class":232},[53,89297,229],{"class":228},[53,89299,74],{"class":66},[53,89301,240],{"class":228},[53,89303,1043],{"class":232},[53,89305,229],{"class":228},[53,89307,74],{"class":66},[53,89309,89310],{"class":9063}," sep",[53,89312,31],{"class":63},[53,89314,229],{"class":228},[53,89316,74],{"class":232},[53,89318,229],{"class":228},[53,89320,133],{"class":66},[53,89322,89323,89325,89327,89329,89331,89333,89335,89337,89339,89341,89343,89345,89347,89349,89351,89353,89355,89357,89360,89362],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,89324,145],{"class":144},[53,89326,127],{"class":66},[53,89328,229],{"class":228},[53,89330,1034],{"class":232},[53,89332,229],{"class":228},[53,89334,74],{"class":66},[53,89336,240],{"class":228},[53,89338,17324],{"class":232},[53,89340,229],{"class":228},[53,89342,74],{"class":66},[53,89344,240],{"class":228},[53,89346,1043],{"class":232},[53,89348,229],{"class":228},[53,89350,74],{"class":66},[53,89352,89310],{"class":9063},[53,89354,31],{"class":63},[53,89356,229],{"class":228},[53,89358,89359],{"class":232}," - ",[53,89361,229],{"class":228},[53,89363,133],{"class":66},[20,89365,301],{},[44,89367,89369],{"className":46,"code":89368,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89370,89371,89383],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89372,89373,89375,89377,89379,89381],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89374,1034],{"class":59},[53,89376,74],{"class":66},[53,89378,17324],{"class":59},[53,89380,74],{"class":66},[53,89382,69696],{"class":59},[53,89384,89385,89388,89390,89393,89395],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,89386,89387],{"class":59},"red ",[53,89389,1912],{"class":63},[53,89391,89392],{"class":59}," green ",[53,89394,1912],{"class":63},[53,89396,35756],{"class":59},[20,89398,89399,89401],{},[15,89400,89181],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,89403,89404,89405,99],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[758,89406,89408],{"href":89407},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[39,89410,89412,36489],{"id":89411},"end-argument",[15,89413,52532],{},[20,89415,89416,89417,89419,89420,89422],{},"By default, ",[15,89418,46324],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,89421,46324],{}," starts on a new line.",[1327,89424,89222],{"id":89425},"default-behavior-1",[44,89427,89429],{"className":46,"code":89428,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89430,89431,89445],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89432,89433,89435,89437,89439,89441,89443],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89434,145],{"class":144},[53,89436,127],{"class":66},[53,89438,229],{"class":228},[53,89440,34741],{"class":232},[53,89442,229],{"class":228},[53,89444,133],{"class":66},[53,89446,89447,89449,89451,89453,89456,89458],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,89448,145],{"class":144},[53,89450,127],{"class":66},[53,89452,229],{"class":228},[53,89454,89455],{"class":232},"World",[53,89457,229],{"class":228},[53,89459,133],{"class":66},[20,89461,301],{},[44,89463,89465],{"className":46,"code":89464,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,89466,89467,89471],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89468,89469],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89470,88664],{"class":59},[53,89472,89473],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,89474,89475],{"class":59},"World\n",[1327,89477,89479],{"id":89478},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[44,89481,89483],{"className":46,"code":89482,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89484,89485,89507],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89486,89487,89489,89491,89493,89495,89497,89499,89501,89503,89505],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89488,145],{"class":144},[53,89490,127],{"class":66},[53,89492,229],{"class":228},[53,89494,34741],{"class":232},[53,89496,229],{"class":228},[53,89498,74],{"class":66},[53,89500,64755],{"class":9063},[53,89502,31],{"class":63},[53,89504,6158],{"class":228},[53,89506,133],{"class":66},[53,89508,89509,89511,89513,89515,89517,89519],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,89510,145],{"class":144},[53,89512,127],{"class":66},[53,89514,229],{"class":228},[53,89516,89455],{"class":232},[53,89518,229],{"class":228},[53,89520,133],{"class":66},[20,89522,301],{},[44,89524,89526],{"className":46,"code":89525,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"HelloWorld\n",[15,89527,89528],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89529,89530],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89531,89525],{"class":59},[1327,89533,89535],{"id":89534},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[44,89537,89539],{"className":46,"code":89538,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89540,89541,89570],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89542,89543,89545,89547,89549,89551,89553,89555,89557,89559,89561,89564,89566,89568],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89544,145],{"class":144},[53,89546,127],{"class":66},[53,89548,229],{"class":228},[53,89550,34741],{"class":232},[53,89552,229],{"class":228},[53,89554,74],{"class":66},[53,89556,64755],{"class":9063},[53,89558,31],{"class":63},[53,89560,229],{"class":228},[53,89562,89563],{"class":232},"!",[53,89565,86868],{"class":34326},[53,89567,229],{"class":228},[53,89569,133],{"class":66},[53,89571,89572,89574,89576,89578,89580,89582],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,89573,145],{"class":144},[53,89575,127],{"class":66},[53,89577,229],{"class":228},[53,89579,89455],{"class":232},[53,89581,229],{"class":228},[53,89583,133],{"class":66},[20,89585,301],{},[44,89587,89589],{"className":46,"code":89588,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,89590,89591,89596],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89592,89593],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89594,89595],{"class":59},"Hello!\n",[53,89597,89598],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,89599,89475],{"class":59},[20,89601,1870,89602,89604],{},[15,89603,52532],{}," argument is useful for:",[194,89606,89607,89610,89613],{},[197,89608,89609],{},"progress messages",[197,89611,89612],{},"inline output",[197,89614,89615],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[39,89617,89619,2285,89621],{"id":89618},"print-returns-none",[15,89620,46324],{},[15,89622,3664],{},[20,89624,89625,89626,89628],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,89627,46324],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,89630,211],{},[44,89632,89634],{"className":46,"code":89633,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,89635,89636,89656],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89637,89638,89640,89642,89645,89647,89649,89652,89654],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89639,2117],{"class":59},[53,89641,31],{"class":63},[53,89643,89644],{"class":144}," print",[53,89646,127],{"class":66},[53,89648,229],{"class":228},[53,89650,89651],{"class":232},"Hi",[53,89653,229],{"class":228},[53,89655,133],{"class":66},[53,89657,89658,89660,89662,89664],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,89659,145],{"class":144},[53,89661,127],{"class":66},[53,89663,2152],{"class":102},[53,89665,133],{"class":66},[20,89667,301],{},[44,89669,89671],{"className":46,"code":89670,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,89672,89673,89678],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89674,89675],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89676,89677],{"class":59},"Hi\n",[53,89679,89680],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,89681,11698],{"class":3739},[20,89683,89684],{},"Why does this happen?",[194,89686,89687,89695,89700],{},[197,89688,89689,89692,89693],{},[15,89690,89691],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,89694,89651],{},[197,89696,89697,89698],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,89699,3664],{},[197,89701,89702,89703,11810,89705],{},"so ",[15,89704,2152],{},[15,89706,3664],{},[20,89708,89709,89710,89712],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,89711,46324],{}," call.",[44,89714,89716],{"className":46,"code":89715,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,89717,89718,89731],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89719,89720,89723,89725,89727,89729],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89721,89722],{"class":59},"message ",[53,89724,31],{"class":63},[53,89726,240],{"class":228},[53,89728,89651],{"class":232},[53,89730,1682],{"class":228},[53,89732,89733,89735,89737,89740],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,89734,145],{"class":144},[53,89736,127],{"class":66},[53,89738,89739],{"class":102},"message",[53,89741,133],{"class":66},[20,89743,89744,89745,89747,89748,89752],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,89746,46324],{}," with functions like ",[758,89749,89750],{"href":8105},[15,89751,2845],{},", which do return a value.",[39,89754,89756,89757],{"id":89755},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,89758,46324],{},[20,89760,89761,89762,89764],{},"Beginners use ",[15,89763,46324],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[194,89766,89767,89770,89773,89776],{},[197,89768,89769],{},"to display results to the user",[197,89771,89772],{},"to show messages in a script",[197,89774,89775],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[197,89777,89778],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,89780,211],{},[44,89782,89784],{"className":46,"code":89783,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,89785,89786,89794,89798,89818,89829],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89787,89788,89790,89792],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89789,41054],{"class":59},[53,89791,31],{"class":63},[53,89793,38387],{"class":70},[53,89795,89796],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,89797,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,89799,89800,89802,89804,89806,89808,89810,89812,89814,89816],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,89801,5843],{"class":3764},[53,89803,6273],{"class":59},[53,89805,3771],{"class":3764},[53,89807,53937],{"class":144},[53,89809,127],{"class":66},[53,89811,71],{"class":70},[53,89813,74],{"class":66},[53,89815,597],{"class":70},[53,89817,8228],{"class":66},[53,89819,89820,89823,89826],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,89821,89822],{"class":59},"    total ",[53,89824,89825],{"class":63},"+=",[53,89827,89828],{"class":59}," number\n",[53,89830,89831,89833,89835,89837,89840,89842,89844,89846,89848,89850,89852,89854,89856,89858],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,89832,7954],{"class":144},[53,89834,127],{"class":66},[53,89836,229],{"class":228},[53,89838,89839],{"class":232},"Current number:",[53,89841,229],{"class":228},[53,89843,74],{"class":66},[53,89845,2084],{"class":102},[53,89847,74],{"class":66},[53,89849,240],{"class":228},[53,89851,45435],{"class":232},[53,89853,229],{"class":228},[53,89855,74],{"class":66},[53,89857,45442],{"class":102},[53,89859,133],{"class":66},[20,89861,301],{},[44,89863,89865],{"className":46,"code":89864,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,89866,89867,89883,89897],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89868,89869,89872,89874,89876,89879,89881],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89870,89871],{"class":59},"Current number",[53,89873,192],{"class":66},[53,89875,5382],{"class":70},[53,89877,89878],{"class":59}," Total",[53,89880,192],{"class":66},[53,89882,29486],{"class":70},[53,89884,89885,89887,89889,89891,89893,89895],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,89886,89871],{"class":59},[53,89888,192],{"class":66},[53,89890,77],{"class":70},[53,89892,89878],{"class":59},[53,89894,192],{"class":66},[53,89896,2463],{"class":70},[53,89898,89899,89901,89903,89905,89907,89909],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,89900,89871],{"class":59},[53,89902,192],{"class":66},[53,89904,82],{"class":70},[53,89906,89878],{"class":59},[53,89908,192],{"class":66},[53,89910,89911],{"class":70}," 6\n",[20,89913,89914,89915,99],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[758,89916,89918],{"href":89917},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[39,89920,2716],{"id":2715},[20,89922,89923,89924,99],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,89925,46324],{},[1327,89927,89929],{"id":89928},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,89931,89932],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[44,89934,89936],{"className":46,"code":89935,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(Hello)\n",[15,89937,89938],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89939,89940,89942,89944,89946],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89941,145],{"class":144},[53,89943,127],{"class":66},[53,89945,34741],{"class":102},[53,89947,133],{"class":66},[20,89949,8762,89950,89952],{},[15,89951,34741],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,89954,10695],{},[44,89956,89958],{"className":46,"code":89957,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,89959,89960],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89961,89962,89964,89966,89968,89970,89972],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89963,145],{"class":144},[53,89965,127],{"class":66},[53,89967,229],{"class":228},[53,89969,34741],{"class":232},[53,89971,229],{"class":228},[53,89973,133],{"class":66},[1327,89975,485,89977,89979],{"id":89976},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,89978,145],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,89981,89982],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[44,89984,89986],{"className":46,"code":89985,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,89987,89988],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89989,89990,89992,89994,89996],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89991,145],{"class":144},[53,89993,240],{"class":228},[53,89995,34741],{"class":232},[53,89997,1682],{"class":228},[20,89999,10695],{},[44,90001,90002],{"className":46,"code":89957,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,90003,90004],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90005,90006,90008,90010,90012,90014,90016],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90007,145],{"class":144},[53,90009,127],{"class":66},[53,90011,229],{"class":228},[53,90013,34741],{"class":232},[53,90015,229],{"class":228},[53,90017,133],{"class":66},[1327,90019,90021,90022],{"id":90020},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,90023,1949],{},[20,90025,90026,90027,99],{},"This causes a ",[15,90028,2892],{},[44,90030,90031],{"className":46,"code":89119,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,90032,90033,90041],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90034,90035,90037,90039],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90036,21497],{"class":59},[53,90038,31],{"class":63},[53,90040,2472],{"class":70},[53,90042,90043,90045,90047,90049,90051,90053,90055,90057],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,90044,145],{"class":144},[53,90046,127],{"class":66},[53,90048,229],{"class":228},[53,90050,89140],{"class":232},[53,90052,229],{"class":228},[53,90054,2342],{"class":63},[53,90056,9076],{"class":102},[53,90058,133],{"class":66},[20,90060,90061],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[44,90063,90065],{"className":46,"code":90064,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,90066,90067],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90068,90069,90071,90073,90075,90077,90079,90081,90083],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90070,145],{"class":144},[53,90072,127],{"class":66},[53,90074,229],{"class":228},[53,90076,89041],{"class":232},[53,90078,229],{"class":228},[53,90080,74],{"class":66},[53,90082,9076],{"class":102},[53,90084,133],{"class":66},[20,90086,90087],{},"Or convert the number first:",[44,90089,90091],{"className":46,"code":90090,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,90092,90093],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90094,90095,90097,90099,90101,90103,90105,90107,90109,90111,90113],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90096,145],{"class":144},[53,90098,127],{"class":66},[53,90100,229],{"class":228},[53,90102,89140],{"class":232},[53,90104,229],{"class":228},[53,90106,2342],{"class":63},[53,90108,48777],{"class":1704},[53,90110,127],{"class":66},[53,90112,9187],{"class":102},[53,90114,1713],{"class":66},[20,90116,90117,90118,99],{},"If you see this error, read ",[758,90119,90121],{"href":90120},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[1327,90123,8339,90125,90127],{"id":90124},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,90126,46324],{}," to return a value",[20,90129,90130,90131,35204,90134,192],{},"This does not store ",[15,90132,90133],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,90135,2152],{},[44,90137,90139],{"className":46,"code":90138,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90140,90141],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90142,90143,90145,90147,90149,90151,90153,90155,90157],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90144,2117],{"class":59},[53,90146,31],{"class":63},[53,90148,89644],{"class":144},[53,90150,127],{"class":66},[53,90152,229],{"class":228},[53,90154,34741],{"class":232},[53,90156,229],{"class":228},[53,90158,133],{"class":66},[20,90160,90161,90162,99],{},"It stores ",[15,90163,3664],{},[1327,90165,90167,90168,960,90170],{"id":90166},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,90169,89181],{},[15,90171,52532],{},[20,90173,85527],{},[194,90175,90176,90185],{},[197,90177,90178,90180,90181,90184],{},[15,90179,89181],{}," changes what goes ",[34,90182,90183],{},"between"," multiple values",[197,90186,90187,90189,90190,90193],{},[15,90188,52532],{}," changes what appears ",[34,90191,90192],{},"after"," the output",[39,90195,90197],{"id":90196},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,90199,90200,90201,90203],{},"These simple ",[15,90202,46324],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[44,90205,90207],{"className":46,"code":90206,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,90208,90209,90229,90244],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90210,90211,90213,90215,90217,90220,90222,90224,90227],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90212,145],{"class":144},[53,90214,127],{"class":66},[53,90216,229],{"class":228},[53,90218,90219],{"class":232},"Debug:",[53,90221,229],{"class":228},[53,90223,74],{"class":66},[53,90225,90226],{"class":102}," variable_name",[53,90228,133],{"class":66},[53,90230,90231,90233,90235,90237,90239,90242],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,90232,145],{"class":144},[53,90234,127],{"class":66},[53,90236,1705],{"class":1704},[53,90238,127],{"class":66},[53,90240,90241],{"class":102},"variable_name",[53,90243,1713],{"class":66},[53,90245,90246,90248,90250,90252],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,90247,32025],{"class":144},[53,90249,127],{"class":66},[53,90251,145],{"class":144},[53,90253,133],{"class":66},[20,90255,90256],{},"What they do:",[194,90258,90259,90265,90271],{},[197,90260,90261,90264],{},[15,90262,90263],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[197,90266,90267,90270],{},[15,90268,90269],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[197,90272,90273,90276,90277],{},[15,90274,90275],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,90278,46324],{},[39,90280,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,90282,1729,90284,90286],{"id":90283},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,90285,46324],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,90288,90289,90290,90292,90293,36495],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,90291,46324],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,90294,52532],{},[1327,90296,5053,90298,90300],{"id":90297},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,90299,46324],{}," show more than one value?",[20,90302,90303,90304,90306],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,90305,46324],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[1327,90308,5041,90310,5044,90313,1744],{"id":90309},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,90311,90312],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,90314,3664],{},[20,90316,28932,90317,90319],{},[15,90318,46324],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[1327,90321,90323],{"id":90322},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,90325,90326],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[44,90328,90330],{"className":46,"code":90329,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,90331,90332],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90333,90334,90336,90338,90340,90342,90344,90346,90348],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90335,145],{"class":144},[53,90337,127],{"class":66},[53,90339,229],{"class":228},[53,90341,89041],{"class":232},[53,90343,229],{"class":228},[53,90345,74],{"class":66},[53,90347,5890],{"class":70},[53,90349,133],{"class":66},[20,90351,90352,90353,39802],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,90354,47556],{},[1327,90356,1739,90358,960,90360,1744],{"id":90357},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90359,89181],{},[15,90361,52532],{},[194,90363,90364,90369],{},[197,90365,90366,90368],{},[15,90367,89181],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[197,90370,90371,90373],{},[15,90372,52532],{}," changes what appears after the output",[39,90375,1788],{"id":1787},[194,90377,90378,90382,90388,90394,90399,90404],{},[197,90379,90380],{},[758,90381,50849],{"href":50848},[197,90383,90384],{},[758,90385,3463,90386,3396],{"href":8105},[15,90387,2845],{},[197,90389,90390],{},[758,90391,3463,90392,3396],{"href":42046},[15,90393,47556],{},[197,90395,90396],{},[758,90397,90398],{"href":89407},"How to format strings in Python",[197,90400,90401],{},[758,90402,90403],{"href":89917},"How to debug Python code",[197,90405,90406],{},[758,90407,90121],{"href":90120},[1817,90409,90410],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":90412},[90413,90414,90416,90417,90423,90424,90425,90430,90436,90438,90440,90451,90452,90463],{"id":41,"depth":88,"text":42},{"id":88585,"depth":88,"text":90415},"What print() does",{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372},{"id":88821,"depth":88,"text":88822,"children":90418},[90419,90420,90421,90422],{"id":88830,"depth":109,"text":88831},{"id":88871,"depth":109,"text":88872},{"id":88903,"depth":109,"text":88904},{"id":88930,"depth":109,"text":88931},{"id":88972,"depth":88,"text":88973},{"id":89168,"depth":88,"text":89169},{"id":89208,"depth":88,"text":90426,"children":90427},"sep argument",[90428,90429],{"id":89221,"depth":109,"text":89222},{"id":89271,"depth":109,"text":89272},{"id":89411,"depth":88,"text":90431,"children":90432},"end argument",[90433,90434,90435],{"id":89425,"depth":109,"text":89222},{"id":89478,"depth":109,"text":89479},{"id":89534,"depth":109,"text":89535},{"id":89618,"depth":88,"text":90437},"print() returns None",{"id":89755,"depth":88,"text":90439},"When beginners use print()",{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716,"children":90441},[90442,90443,90445,90447,90449],{"id":89928,"depth":109,"text":89929},{"id":89976,"depth":109,"text":90444},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90020,"depth":109,"text":90446},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90124,"depth":109,"text":90448},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90166,"depth":109,"text":90450},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90196,"depth":88,"text":90197},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":90453},[90454,90456,90458,90460,90461],{"id":90283,"depth":109,"text":90455},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90297,"depth":109,"text":90457},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90309,"depth":109,"text":90459},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90322,"depth":109,"text":90323},{"id":90357,"depth":109,"text":90462},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88468,"description":90464},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90471,"title":90472,"body":90473,"description":92777,"extension":1853,"meta":92778,"navigation":112,"path":92779,"seo":92780,"stem":92781,"__hash__":92782},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90474,"toc":92723},[90475,90480,90485,90498,90500,90565,90576,90581,90586,90588,90611,90614,90645,90647,90664,90669,90675,90680,90729,90732,90749,90755,90760,90783,90785,90813,90819,90827,90854,90856,90881,90887,90890,90921,90923,90952,90956,90959,90964,90986,90988,91016,91022,91028,91054,91056,91080,91086,91092,91122,91124,91152,91162,91166,91172,91205,91207,91236,91239,91242,91275,91277,91285,91291,91293,91316,91321,91330,91335,91349,91351,91391,91393,91423,91427,91462,91468,91472,91516,91518,91548,91554,91557,91636,91638,91660,91668,91671,91734,91742,91817,91823,91830,91835,91840,91863,91865,91886,91888,91901,91903,91950,91952,91991,92000,92002,92006,92010,92013,92040,92043,92072,92075,92099,92102,92110,92116,92138,92140,92168,92172,92177,92232,92237,92239,92296,92303,92312,92315,92347,92349,92357,92360,92366,92368,92391,92394,92400,92403,92422,92424,92443,92446,92468,92470,92498,92502,92506,92611,92613,92626,92628,92634,92637,92645,92650,92656,92662,92667,92675,92681,92688,92690,92720],[10,90476,3463,90478,3467],{"id":90477},"python-range-function-explained",[15,90479,36073],{},[20,90481,32190,90482,90484],{},[15,90483,36073],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,90486,90487,90488,90490,90491,90493,90494,90497],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,90489,5843],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,90492,36073],{}," stops ",[34,90495,90496],{},"before"," the end value.",[39,90499,42],{"id":41},[44,90501,90503],{"className":46,"code":90502,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,90504,90505,90521,90531,90535,90540,90545,90550,90555,90560],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90506,90507,90509,90511,90513,90515,90517,90519],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90508,5843],{"class":3764},[53,90510,69263],{"class":59},[53,90512,3771],{"class":3764},[53,90514,53937],{"class":144},[53,90516,127],{"class":66},[53,90518,2024],{"class":70},[53,90520,8228],{"class":66},[53,90522,90523,90525,90527,90529],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,90524,7954],{"class":144},[53,90526,127],{"class":66},[53,90528,36030],{"class":102},[53,90530,133],{"class":66},[53,90532,90533],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,90534,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,90536,90537],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,90538,90539],{"class":156},"# Output:\n",[53,90541,90542],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,90543,90544],{"class":156},"# 0\n",[53,90546,90547],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,90548,90549],{"class":156},"# 1\n",[53,90551,90552],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,90553,90554],{"class":156},"# 2\n",[53,90556,90557],{"class":55,"line":6312},[53,90558,90559],{"class":156},"# 3\n",[53,90561,90562],{"class":55,"line":6318},[53,90563,90564],{"class":156},"# 4\n",[20,90566,90567,90570,90571,90573,90574,99],{},[15,90568,90569],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,90572,852],{}," and stopping before ",[15,90575,2024],{},[39,90577,184,90579,187],{"id":90578},"what-range-does",[15,90580,36073],{},[20,90582,90583,90585],{},[15,90584,36073],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,90587,12936],{},[194,90589,90590,90595,90601,90606],{},[197,90591,90592,90594],{},[15,90593,36073],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[197,90596,90597,90598,90600],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,90599,5843],{}," loops",[197,90602,90603,90604],{},"The stop value is ",[34,90605,64784],{},[197,90607,17290,90608,90610],{},[15,90609,59712],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,90612,90613],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[44,90615,90617],{"className":46,"code":90616,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,90618,90619,90635],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90620,90621,90623,90625,90627,90629,90631,90633],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90622,5843],{"class":3764},[53,90624,6273],{"class":59},[53,90626,3771],{"class":3764},[53,90628,53937],{"class":144},[53,90630,127],{"class":66},[53,90632,815],{"class":70},[53,90634,8228],{"class":66},[53,90636,90637,90639,90641,90643],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,90638,7954],{"class":144},[53,90640,127],{"class":66},[53,90642,2127],{"class":102},[53,90644,133],{"class":66},[20,90646,301],{},[44,90648,90650],{"className":46,"code":90649,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,90651,90652,90656,90660],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90653,90654],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90655,47124],{"class":70},[53,90657,90658],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,90659,46789],{"class":70},[53,90661,90662],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,90663,16926],{"class":70},[20,90665,90666,90667,99],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[758,90668,35904],{"href":35903},[39,90670,90672,90674],{"id":90671},"range-syntax",[15,90673,36073],{}," syntax",[20,90676,90677,90679],{},[15,90678,36073],{}," has three common forms:",[44,90681,90683],{"className":46,"code":90682,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,90684,90685,90695,90710],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90686,90687,90689,90691,90693],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90688,59712],{"class":144},[53,90690,127],{"class":66},[53,90692,75141],{"class":102},[53,90694,133],{"class":66},[53,90696,90697,90699,90701,90703,90705,90708],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,90698,59712],{"class":144},[53,90700,127],{"class":66},[53,90702,35948],{"class":102},[53,90704,74],{"class":66},[53,90706,90707],{"class":102}," stop",[53,90709,133],{"class":66},[53,90711,90712,90714,90716,90718,90720,90722,90724,90727],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,90713,59712],{"class":144},[53,90715,127],{"class":66},[53,90717,35948],{"class":102},[53,90719,74],{"class":66},[53,90721,90707],{"class":102},[53,90723,74],{"class":66},[53,90725,90726],{"class":102}," step",[53,90728,133],{"class":66},[20,90730,90731],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[194,90733,90734,90739,90744],{},[197,90735,90736,90738],{},[15,90737,35948],{}," = first number",[197,90740,90741,90743],{},[15,90742,75141],{}," = end limit, not included",[197,90745,90746,90748],{},[15,90747,75144],{}," = amount to move each time",[1327,90750,90752],{"id":90751},"rangestop",[15,90753,90754],{},"range(stop)",[20,90756,90757,90758,99],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,90759,852],{},[44,90761,90763],{"className":46,"code":90762,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,90764,90765],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90766,90767,90769,90771,90773,90775,90777,90779,90781],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90768,145],{"class":144},[53,90770,127],{"class":66},[53,90772,7979],{"class":1704},[53,90774,127],{"class":66},[53,90776,59712],{"class":144},[53,90778,127],{"class":66},[53,90780,2024],{"class":70},[53,90782,2799],{"class":66},[20,90784,301],{},[44,90786,90787],{"className":46,"code":59735,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,90788,90789],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90790,90791,90793,90795,90797,90799,90801,90803,90805,90807,90809,90811],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90792,311],{"class":66},[53,90794,852],{"class":70},[53,90796,74],{"class":66},[53,90798,5382],{"class":70},[53,90800,74],{"class":66},[53,90802,77],{"class":70},[53,90804,74],{"class":66},[53,90806,82],{"class":70},[53,90808,74],{"class":66},[53,90810,597],{"class":70},[53,90812,85],{"class":66},[1327,90814,90816],{"id":90815},"rangestart-stop",[15,90817,90818],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,90820,90821,90822,90824,90825,99],{},"This starts at ",[15,90823,35948],{}," and stops before ",[15,90826,75141],{},[44,90828,90830],{"className":46,"code":90829,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,90831,90832],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90833,90834,90836,90838,90840,90842,90844,90846,90848,90850,90852],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90835,145],{"class":144},[53,90837,127],{"class":66},[53,90839,7979],{"class":1704},[53,90841,127],{"class":66},[53,90843,59712],{"class":144},[53,90845,127],{"class":66},[53,90847,1589],{"class":70},[53,90849,74],{"class":66},[53,90851,37518],{"class":70},[53,90853,2799],{"class":66},[20,90855,301],{},[44,90857,90859],{"className":46,"code":90858,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,90860,90861],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90862,90863,90865,90867,90869,90871,90873,90875,90877,90879],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90864,311],{"class":66},[53,90866,1589],{"class":70},[53,90868,74],{"class":66},[53,90870,82],{"class":70},[53,90872,74],{"class":66},[53,90874,597],{"class":70},[53,90876,74],{"class":66},[53,90878,4491],{"class":70},[53,90880,85],{"class":66},[1327,90882,90884],{"id":90883},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,90885,90886],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,90888,90889],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[44,90891,90893],{"className":46,"code":90892,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,90894,90895],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90896,90897,90899,90901,90903,90905,90907,90909,90911,90913,90915,90917,90919],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90898,145],{"class":144},[53,90900,127],{"class":66},[53,90902,7979],{"class":1704},[53,90904,127],{"class":66},[53,90906,59712],{"class":144},[53,90908,127],{"class":66},[53,90910,71],{"class":70},[53,90912,74],{"class":66},[53,90914,5890],{"class":70},[53,90916,74],{"class":66},[53,90918,77],{"class":70},[53,90920,2799],{"class":66},[20,90922,301],{},[44,90924,90926],{"className":46,"code":90925,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,90927,90928],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90929,90930,90932,90934,90936,90938,90940,90942,90944,90946,90948,90950],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90931,311],{"class":66},[53,90933,71],{"class":70},[53,90935,74],{"class":66},[53,90937,82],{"class":70},[53,90939,74],{"class":66},[53,90941,4491],{"class":70},[53,90943,74],{"class":66},[53,90945,5879],{"class":70},[53,90947,74],{"class":66},[53,90949,54003],{"class":70},[53,90951,85],{"class":66},[39,90953,90955],{"id":90954},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,90957,90958],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[1327,90960,90962],{"id":90961},"range5",[15,90963,90569],{},[44,90965,90966],{"className":46,"code":90762,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,90967,90968],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90969,90970,90972,90974,90976,90978,90980,90982,90984],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90971,145],{"class":144},[53,90973,127],{"class":66},[53,90975,7979],{"class":1704},[53,90977,127],{"class":66},[53,90979,59712],{"class":144},[53,90981,127],{"class":66},[53,90983,2024],{"class":70},[53,90985,2799],{"class":66},[20,90987,301],{},[44,90989,90990],{"className":46,"code":59735,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,90991,90992],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90993,90994,90996,90998,91000,91002,91004,91006,91008,91010,91012,91014],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90995,311],{"class":66},[53,90997,852],{"class":70},[53,90999,74],{"class":66},[53,91001,5382],{"class":70},[53,91003,74],{"class":66},[53,91005,77],{"class":70},[53,91007,74],{"class":66},[53,91009,82],{"class":70},[53,91011,74],{"class":66},[53,91013,597],{"class":70},[53,91015,85],{"class":66},[20,91017,90821,91018,90824,91020,99],{},[15,91019,852],{},[15,91021,2024],{},[1327,91023,91025],{"id":91024},"range2-6",[15,91026,91027],{},"range(2, 6)",[44,91029,91030],{"className":46,"code":90829,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,91031,91032],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91033,91034,91036,91038,91040,91042,91044,91046,91048,91050,91052],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91035,145],{"class":144},[53,91037,127],{"class":66},[53,91039,7979],{"class":1704},[53,91041,127],{"class":66},[53,91043,59712],{"class":144},[53,91045,127],{"class":66},[53,91047,1589],{"class":70},[53,91049,74],{"class":66},[53,91051,37518],{"class":70},[53,91053,2799],{"class":66},[20,91055,301],{},[44,91057,91058],{"className":46,"code":90858,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,91059,91060],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91061,91062,91064,91066,91068,91070,91072,91074,91076,91078],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91063,311],{"class":66},[53,91065,1589],{"class":70},[53,91067,74],{"class":66},[53,91069,82],{"class":70},[53,91071,74],{"class":66},[53,91073,597],{"class":70},[53,91075,74],{"class":66},[53,91077,4491],{"class":70},[53,91079,85],{"class":66},[20,91081,90821,91082,90824,91084,99],{},[15,91083,1589],{},[15,91085,80309],{},[1327,91087,91089],{"id":91088},"range1-10-2",[15,91090,91091],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[44,91093,91094],{"className":46,"code":90892,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,91095,91096],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91097,91098,91100,91102,91104,91106,91108,91110,91112,91114,91116,91118,91120],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91099,145],{"class":144},[53,91101,127],{"class":66},[53,91103,7979],{"class":1704},[53,91105,127],{"class":66},[53,91107,59712],{"class":144},[53,91109,127],{"class":66},[53,91111,71],{"class":70},[53,91113,74],{"class":66},[53,91115,5890],{"class":70},[53,91117,74],{"class":66},[53,91119,77],{"class":70},[53,91121,2799],{"class":66},[20,91123,301],{},[44,91125,91126],{"className":46,"code":90925,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,91127,91128],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91129,91130,91132,91134,91136,91138,91140,91142,91144,91146,91148,91150],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91131,311],{"class":66},[53,91133,71],{"class":70},[53,91135,74],{"class":66},[53,91137,82],{"class":70},[53,91139,74],{"class":66},[53,91141,4491],{"class":70},[53,91143,74],{"class":66},[53,91145,5879],{"class":70},[53,91147,74],{"class":66},[53,91149,54003],{"class":70},[53,91151,85],{"class":66},[20,91153,91154,91155,91157,91158,61015,91160,99],{},"This moves by ",[15,91156,1589],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,91159,71],{},[15,91161,2032],{},[1327,91163,91165],{"id":91164},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,91167,91168,91169,91171],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,91170,36073],{}," count backward.",[44,91173,91175],{"className":46,"code":91174,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,91176,91177],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91178,91179,91181,91183,91185,91187,91189,91191,91193,91195,91197,91199,91201,91203],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91180,145],{"class":144},[53,91182,127],{"class":66},[53,91184,7979],{"class":1704},[53,91186,127],{"class":66},[53,91188,59712],{"class":144},[53,91190,127],{"class":66},[53,91192,2024],{"class":70},[53,91194,74],{"class":66},[53,91196,3720],{"class":70},[53,91198,74],{"class":66},[53,91200,2109],{"class":63},[53,91202,71],{"class":70},[53,91204,2799],{"class":66},[20,91206,301],{},[44,91208,91210],{"className":46,"code":91209,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,91211,91212],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91213,91214,91216,91218,91220,91222,91224,91226,91228,91230,91232,91234],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91215,311],{"class":66},[53,91217,2024],{"class":70},[53,91219,74],{"class":66},[53,91221,597],{"class":70},[53,91223,74],{"class":66},[53,91225,82],{"class":70},[53,91227,74],{"class":66},[53,91229,77],{"class":70},[53,91231,74],{"class":66},[53,91233,5382],{"class":70},[53,91235,85],{"class":66},[20,91237,91238],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,91240,91241],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[44,91243,91245],{"className":46,"code":91244,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,91246,91247],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91248,91249,91251,91253,91255,91257,91259,91261,91263,91265,91267,91269,91271,91273],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91250,145],{"class":144},[53,91252,127],{"class":66},[53,91254,7979],{"class":1704},[53,91256,127],{"class":66},[53,91258,59712],{"class":144},[53,91260,127],{"class":66},[53,91262,71],{"class":70},[53,91264,74],{"class":66},[53,91266,4491],{"class":70},[53,91268,74],{"class":66},[53,91270,2109],{"class":63},[53,91272,71],{"class":70},[53,91274,2799],{"class":66},[20,91276,301],{},[44,91278,91279],{"className":46,"code":467,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,91280,91281],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91282,91283],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91284,467],{"class":66},[1327,91286,91287,76304,91289],{"id":76528},[15,91288,75144],{},[15,91290,852],{},[20,91292,2723],{},[44,91294,91296],{"className":46,"code":91295,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,91297,91298],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91299,91300,91302,91304,91306,91308,91310,91312,91314],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91301,59712],{"class":144},[53,91303,127],{"class":66},[53,91305,71],{"class":70},[53,91307,74],{"class":66},[53,91309,4491],{"class":70},[53,91311,74],{"class":66},[53,91313,3720],{"class":70},[53,91315,133],{"class":66},[20,91317,76573,91318,91320],{},[15,91319,40576],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[39,91322,485,91324,91326,91327,91329],{"id":91323},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,91325,36073],{}," in a ",[15,91328,5843],{}," loop",[20,91331,91332,91334],{},[15,91333,36073],{}," is most useful when:",[194,91336,91337,91340,91343],{},[197,91338,91339],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[197,91341,91342],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[197,91344,91345,91346],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,91347,91348],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,91350,211],{},[44,91352,91354],{"className":46,"code":91353,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91355,91356,91372],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91357,91358,91360,91362,91364,91366,91368,91370],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91359,5843],{"class":3764},[53,91361,69263],{"class":59},[53,91363,3771],{"class":3764},[53,91365,53937],{"class":144},[53,91367,127],{"class":66},[53,91369,815],{"class":70},[53,91371,8228],{"class":66},[53,91373,91374,91376,91378,91380,91383,91385,91387,91389],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,91375,7954],{"class":144},[53,91377,127],{"class":66},[53,91379,229],{"class":228},[53,91381,91382],{"class":232},"Loop number:",[53,91384,229],{"class":228},[53,91386,74],{"class":66},[53,91388,36005],{"class":102},[53,91390,133],{"class":66},[20,91392,301],{},[44,91394,91396],{"className":46,"code":91395,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91397,91398,91407,91415],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91399,91400,91403,91405],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91401,91402],{"class":59},"Loop number",[53,91404,192],{"class":66},[53,91406,38387],{"class":70},[53,91408,91409,91411,91413],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,91410,91402],{"class":59},[53,91412,192],{"class":66},[53,91414,29486],{"class":70},[53,91416,91417,91419,91421],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,91418,91402],{"class":59},[53,91420,192],{"class":66},[53,91422,45461],{"class":70},[1327,91424,91426],{"id":91425},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[44,91428,91430],{"className":46,"code":91429,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91431,91432,91448],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91433,91434,91436,91438,91440,91442,91444,91446],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91435,5843],{"class":3764},[53,91437,69263],{"class":59},[53,91439,3771],{"class":3764},[53,91441,53937],{"class":144},[53,91443,127],{"class":66},[53,91445,2024],{"class":70},[53,91447,8228],{"class":66},[53,91449,91450,91452,91454,91456,91458,91460],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,91451,7954],{"class":144},[53,91453,127],{"class":66},[53,91455,229],{"class":228},[53,91457,34741],{"class":232},[53,91459,229],{"class":228},[53,91461,133],{"class":66},[20,91463,91464,91465,91467],{},"This prints ",[15,91466,90133],{}," five times.",[1327,91469,91471],{"id":91470},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[44,91473,91475],{"className":46,"code":91474,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,91476,91477,91497],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91478,91479,91481,91483,91485,91487,91489,91491,91493,91495],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91480,5843],{"class":3764},[53,91482,69263],{"class":59},[53,91484,3771],{"class":3764},[53,91486,53937],{"class":144},[53,91488,127],{"class":66},[53,91490,71],{"class":70},[53,91492,74],{"class":66},[53,91494,597],{"class":70},[53,91496,8228],{"class":66},[53,91498,91499,91501,91503,91505,91508,91510,91512,91514],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,91500,7954],{"class":144},[53,91502,127],{"class":66},[53,91504,229],{"class":228},[53,91506,91507],{"class":232},"Current number is",[53,91509,229],{"class":228},[53,91511,74],{"class":66},[53,91513,36005],{"class":102},[53,91515,133],{"class":66},[20,91517,301],{},[44,91519,91521],{"className":46,"code":91520,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,91522,91523,91532,91540],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91524,91525,91528,91530],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91526,91527],{"class":59},"Current number ",[53,91529,12081],{"class":63},[53,91531,29486],{"class":70},[53,91533,91534,91536,91538],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,91535,91527],{"class":59},[53,91537,12081],{"class":63},[53,91539,45461],{"class":70},[53,91541,91542,91544,91546],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,91543,91527],{"class":59},[53,91545,12081],{"class":63},[53,91547,2463],{"class":70},[1327,91549,91551,91553],{"id":91550},"range-and-indexing",[15,91552,36073],{}," and indexing",[20,91555,91556],{},"You may see code like this:",[44,91558,91560],{"className":46,"code":91559,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,91561,91562,91594,91598,91618],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91563,91564,91566,91568,91570,91572,91574,91576,91578,91580,91582,91584,91586,91588,91590,91592],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91565,7667],{"class":59},[53,91567,31],{"class":63},[53,91569,67],{"class":66},[53,91571,229],{"class":228},[53,91573,758],{"class":232},[53,91575,229],{"class":228},[53,91577,74],{"class":66},[53,91579,240],{"class":228},[53,91581,1376],{"class":232},[53,91583,229],{"class":228},[53,91585,74],{"class":66},[53,91587,240],{"class":228},[53,91589,9628],{"class":232},[53,91591,229],{"class":228},[53,91593,85],{"class":66},[53,91595,91596],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,91597,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,91599,91600,91602,91604,91606,91608,91610,91612,91614,91616],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,91601,5843],{"class":3764},[53,91603,69263],{"class":59},[53,91605,3771],{"class":3764},[53,91607,53937],{"class":144},[53,91609,127],{"class":66},[53,91611,11050],{"class":144},[53,91613,127],{"class":66},[53,91615,7696],{"class":102},[53,91617,69278],{"class":66},[53,91619,91620,91622,91624,91626,91628,91630,91632,91634],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,91621,7954],{"class":144},[53,91623,127],{"class":66},[53,91625,36030],{"class":102},[53,91627,74],{"class":66},[53,91629,5851],{"class":102},[53,91631,311],{"class":66},[53,91633,36030],{"class":102},[53,91635,3777],{"class":66},[20,91637,301],{},[44,91639,91640],{"className":46,"code":36042,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,91641,91642,91648,91654],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91643,91644,91646],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91645,852],{"class":70},[53,91647,1371],{"class":59},[53,91649,91650,91652],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,91651,71],{"class":70},[53,91653,36057],{"class":59},[53,91655,91656,91658],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,91657,1589],{"class":70},[53,91659,36064],{"class":59},[20,91661,91662,91663,91667],{},"This works, and it uses ",[758,91664,91665],{"href":42229},[15,91666,42232],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,91669,91670],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[44,91672,91674],{"className":46,"code":91673,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,91675,91676,91708,91712,91724],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91677,91678,91680,91682,91684,91686,91688,91690,91692,91694,91696,91698,91700,91702,91704,91706],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91679,7667],{"class":59},[53,91681,31],{"class":63},[53,91683,67],{"class":66},[53,91685,229],{"class":228},[53,91687,758],{"class":232},[53,91689,229],{"class":228},[53,91691,74],{"class":66},[53,91693,240],{"class":228},[53,91695,1376],{"class":232},[53,91697,229],{"class":228},[53,91699,74],{"class":66},[53,91701,240],{"class":228},[53,91703,9628],{"class":232},[53,91705,229],{"class":228},[53,91707,85],{"class":66},[53,91709,91710],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,91711,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,91713,91714,91716,91718,91720,91722],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,91715,5843],{"class":3764},[53,91717,5846],{"class":59},[53,91719,3771],{"class":3764},[53,91721,5851],{"class":59},[53,91723,6280],{"class":66},[53,91725,91726,91728,91730,91732],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,91727,7954],{"class":144},[53,91729,127],{"class":66},[53,91731,23180],{"class":102},[53,91733,133],{"class":66},[20,91735,36466,91736,91741],{},[758,91737,91739],{"href":91738},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,91740,35624],{}," is usually a better choice:",[44,91743,91745],{"className":46,"code":91744,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,91746,91747,91779,91783,91803],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91748,91749,91751,91753,91755,91757,91759,91761,91763,91765,91767,91769,91771,91773,91775,91777],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91750,7667],{"class":59},[53,91752,31],{"class":63},[53,91754,67],{"class":66},[53,91756,229],{"class":228},[53,91758,758],{"class":232},[53,91760,229],{"class":228},[53,91762,74],{"class":66},[53,91764,240],{"class":228},[53,91766,1376],{"class":232},[53,91768,229],{"class":228},[53,91770,74],{"class":66},[53,91772,240],{"class":228},[53,91774,9628],{"class":232},[53,91776,229],{"class":228},[53,91778,85],{"class":66},[53,91780,91781],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,91782,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,91784,91785,91787,91789,91791,91793,91795,91797,91799,91801],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,91786,5843],{"class":3764},[53,91788,35696],{"class":59},[53,91790,74],{"class":66},[53,91792,5846],{"class":59},[53,91794,3771],{"class":3764},[53,91796,35706],{"class":144},[53,91798,127],{"class":66},[53,91800,7696],{"class":102},[53,91802,8228],{"class":66},[53,91804,91805,91807,91809,91811,91813,91815],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,91806,7954],{"class":144},[53,91808,127],{"class":66},[53,91810,35721],{"class":102},[53,91812,74],{"class":66},[53,91814,29378],{"class":102},[53,91816,133],{"class":66},[20,91818,78833,91819,99],{},[758,91820,36479,91821,36482],{"href":36478},[15,91822,35624],{},[39,91824,91826,91827,91829],{"id":91825},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,91828,36073],{}," to a list",[20,91831,91832,91834],{},[15,91833,36073],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,91836,91837,91838,192],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,91839,24651],{},[44,91841,91843],{"className":46,"code":91842,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,91844,91845],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91846,91847,91849,91851,91853,91855,91857,91859,91861],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91848,145],{"class":144},[53,91850,127],{"class":66},[53,91852,7979],{"class":1704},[53,91854,127],{"class":66},[53,91856,59712],{"class":144},[53,91858,127],{"class":66},[53,91860,815],{"class":70},[53,91862,2799],{"class":66},[20,91864,301],{},[44,91866,91868],{"className":46,"code":91867,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,91869,91870],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91871,91872,91874,91876,91878,91880,91882,91884],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91873,311],{"class":66},[53,91875,852],{"class":70},[53,91877,74],{"class":66},[53,91879,5382],{"class":70},[53,91881,74],{"class":66},[53,91883,77],{"class":70},[53,91885,85],{"class":66},[20,91887,33184],{},[194,91889,91890,91895,91898],{},[197,91891,91892,91893,41957],{},"learning how ",[15,91894,36073],{},[197,91896,91897],{},"checking your values",[197,91899,91900],{},"debugging code",[20,91902,5356],{},[44,91904,91906],{"className":46,"code":91905,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,91907,91908,91922,91926,91936],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91909,91910,91912,91914,91916,91918,91920],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91911,60],{"class":59},[53,91913,31],{"class":63},[53,91915,53937],{"class":144},[53,91917,127],{"class":66},[53,91919,130],{"class":70},[53,91921,133],{"class":66},[53,91923,91924],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,91925,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,91927,91928,91930,91932,91934],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,91929,145],{"class":144},[53,91931,127],{"class":66},[53,91933,150],{"class":102},[53,91935,133],{"class":66},[53,91937,91938,91940,91942,91944,91946,91948],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,91939,145],{"class":144},[53,91941,127],{"class":66},[53,91943,7979],{"class":1704},[53,91945,127],{"class":66},[53,91947,150],{"class":102},[53,91949,1713],{"class":66},[20,91951,301],{},[44,91953,91955],{"className":46,"code":91954,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,91956,91957,91971],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91958,91959,91961,91963,91965,91967,91969],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91960,59712],{"class":144},[53,91962,127],{"class":66},[53,91964,852],{"class":70},[53,91966,74],{"class":66},[53,91968,597],{"class":70},[53,91970,133],{"class":66},[53,91972,91973,91975,91977,91979,91981,91983,91985,91987,91989],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,91974,311],{"class":66},[53,91976,852],{"class":70},[53,91978,74],{"class":66},[53,91980,5382],{"class":70},[53,91982,74],{"class":66},[53,91984,77],{"class":70},[53,91986,74],{"class":66},[53,91988,82],{"class":70},[53,91990,85],{"class":66},[20,91992,91993,91994,10474,91996,91999],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,91995,59712],{},[15,91997,91998],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[39,92001,1320],{"id":1319},[20,92003,33413,92004,99],{},[15,92005,36073],{},[1327,92007,92009],{"id":92008},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,92011,92012],{},"Many beginners think this:",[44,92014,92016],{"className":46,"code":92015,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,92017,92018],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92019,92020,92022,92024,92026,92028,92030,92032,92034,92036,92038],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92021,145],{"class":144},[53,92023,127],{"class":66},[53,92025,7979],{"class":1704},[53,92027,127],{"class":66},[53,92029,59712],{"class":144},[53,92031,127],{"class":66},[53,92033,71],{"class":70},[53,92035,74],{"class":66},[53,92037,4491],{"class":70},[53,92039,2799],{"class":66},[20,92041,92042],{},"will produce:",[44,92044,92046],{"className":46,"code":92045,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,92047,92048],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92049,92050,92052,92054,92056,92058,92060,92062,92064,92066,92068,92070],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92051,311],{"class":66},[53,92053,71],{"class":70},[53,92055,74],{"class":66},[53,92057,77],{"class":70},[53,92059,74],{"class":66},[53,92061,82],{"class":70},[53,92063,74],{"class":66},[53,92065,597],{"class":70},[53,92067,74],{"class":66},[53,92069,4491],{"class":70},[53,92071,85],{"class":66},[20,92073,92074],{},"But the real output is:",[44,92076,92077],{"className":46,"code":53373,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,92078,92079],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92080,92081,92083,92085,92087,92089,92091,92093,92095,92097],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92082,311],{"class":66},[53,92084,71],{"class":70},[53,92086,74],{"class":66},[53,92088,77],{"class":70},[53,92090,74],{"class":66},[53,92092,82],{"class":70},[53,92094,74],{"class":66},[53,92096,597],{"class":70},[53,92098,85],{"class":66},[20,92100,92101],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[1327,92103,4465,92105,92107,92108],{"id":92104},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,92106,90569],{}," starts at ",[15,92109,71],{},[20,92111,37342,92112,18831,92114,99],{},[15,92113,852],{},[15,92115,71],{},[44,92117,92118],{"className":46,"code":90762,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,92119,92120],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92121,92122,92124,92126,92128,92130,92132,92134,92136],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92123,145],{"class":144},[53,92125,127],{"class":66},[53,92127,7979],{"class":1704},[53,92129,127],{"class":66},[53,92131,59712],{"class":144},[53,92133,127],{"class":66},[53,92135,2024],{"class":70},[53,92137,2799],{"class":66},[20,92139,301],{},[44,92141,92142],{"className":46,"code":59735,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,92143,92144],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92145,92146,92148,92150,92152,92154,92156,92158,92160,92162,92164,92166],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92147,311],{"class":66},[53,92149,852],{"class":70},[53,92151,74],{"class":66},[53,92153,5382],{"class":70},[53,92155,74],{"class":66},[53,92157,77],{"class":70},[53,92159,74],{"class":66},[53,92161,82],{"class":70},[53,92163,74],{"class":66},[53,92165,597],{"class":70},[53,92167,85],{"class":66},[1327,92169,92171],{"id":92170},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,92173,92174,92175,192],{},"This often happens with ",[15,92176,2845],{},[44,92178,92180],{"className":46,"code":92179,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92181,92182,92201,92205,92222],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92183,92184,92187,92189,92191,92193,92195,92197,92199],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92185,92186],{"class":59},"user_number ",[53,92188,31],{"class":63},[53,92190,8128],{"class":144},[53,92192,127],{"class":66},[53,92194,229],{"class":228},[53,92196,41743],{"class":232},[53,92198,229],{"class":228},[53,92200,133],{"class":66},[53,92202,92203],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,92204,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,92206,92207,92209,92211,92213,92215,92217,92220],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,92208,5843],{"class":3764},[53,92210,69263],{"class":59},[53,92212,3771],{"class":3764},[53,92214,53937],{"class":144},[53,92216,127],{"class":66},[53,92218,92219],{"class":102},"user_number",[53,92221,8228],{"class":66},[53,92223,92224,92226,92228,92230],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,92225,7954],{"class":144},[53,92227,127],{"class":66},[53,92229,36030],{"class":102},[53,92231,133],{"class":66},[20,92233,48383,92234,92236],{},[15,92235,2845],{}," returns a string.",[20,92238,10695],{},[44,92240,92242],{"className":46,"code":92241,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92243,92244,92266,92270,92286],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92245,92246,92248,92250,92252,92254,92256,92258,92260,92262,92264],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92247,92186],{"class":59},[53,92249,31],{"class":63},[53,92251,45148],{"class":1704},[53,92253,127],{"class":66},[53,92255,42334],{"class":144},[53,92257,127],{"class":66},[53,92259,229],{"class":228},[53,92261,41743],{"class":232},[53,92263,229],{"class":228},[53,92265,1713],{"class":66},[53,92267,92268],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,92269,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,92271,92272,92274,92276,92278,92280,92282,92284],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,92273,5843],{"class":3764},[53,92275,69263],{"class":59},[53,92277,3771],{"class":3764},[53,92279,53937],{"class":144},[53,92281,127],{"class":66},[53,92283,92219],{"class":102},[53,92285,8228],{"class":66},[53,92287,92288,92290,92292,92294],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,92289,7954],{"class":144},[53,92291,127],{"class":66},[53,92293,36030],{"class":102},[53,92295,133],{"class":66},[20,92297,92298,92299,99],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[758,92300,50397,92301],{"href":50396},[15,92302,50400],{},[1327,92304,92306,92307,92309,92310],{"id":92305},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,92308,35948],{}," smaller than ",[15,92311,75141],{},[20,92313,92314],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[44,92316,92317],{"className":46,"code":91244,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,92318,92319],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92320,92321,92323,92325,92327,92329,92331,92333,92335,92337,92339,92341,92343,92345],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92322,145],{"class":144},[53,92324,127],{"class":66},[53,92326,7979],{"class":1704},[53,92328,127],{"class":66},[53,92330,59712],{"class":144},[53,92332,127],{"class":66},[53,92334,71],{"class":70},[53,92336,74],{"class":66},[53,92338,4491],{"class":70},[53,92340,74],{"class":66},[53,92342,2109],{"class":63},[53,92344,71],{"class":70},[53,92346,2799],{"class":66},[20,92348,301],{},[44,92350,92351],{"className":46,"code":467,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,92352,92353],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92354,92355],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92356,467],{"class":66},[20,92358,92359],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[1327,92361,1654,92363],{"id":92362},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92364,92365],{},"step = 0",[20,92367,77284],{},[44,92369,92371],{"className":46,"code":92370,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92372,92373],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92374,92375,92377,92379,92381,92383,92385,92387,92389],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92376,59712],{"class":144},[53,92378,127],{"class":66},[53,92380,71],{"class":70},[53,92382,74],{"class":66},[53,92384,5890],{"class":70},[53,92386,74],{"class":66},[53,92388,3720],{"class":70},[53,92390,133],{"class":66},[20,92392,92393],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[1327,92395,4590,92397,92399],{"id":92396},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92398,36073],{}," is not a list",[20,92401,92402],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[44,92404,92406],{"className":46,"code":92405,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92407,92408],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92409,92410,92412,92414,92416,92418,92420],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92411,145],{"class":144},[53,92413,127],{"class":66},[53,92415,59712],{"class":144},[53,92417,127],{"class":66},[53,92419,2024],{"class":70},[53,92421,1713],{"class":66},[20,92423,301],{},[44,92425,92427],{"className":46,"code":92426,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,92428,92429],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92430,92431,92433,92435,92437,92439,92441],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92432,59712],{"class":144},[53,92434,127],{"class":66},[53,92436,852],{"class":70},[53,92438,74],{"class":66},[53,92440,4491],{"class":70},[53,92442,133],{"class":66},[20,92444,92445],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[44,92447,92448],{"className":46,"code":90762,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,92449,92450],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92451,92452,92454,92456,92458,92460,92462,92464,92466],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92453,145],{"class":144},[53,92455,127],{"class":66},[53,92457,7979],{"class":1704},[53,92459,127],{"class":66},[53,92461,59712],{"class":144},[53,92463,127],{"class":66},[53,92465,2024],{"class":70},[53,92467,2799],{"class":66},[20,92469,301],{},[44,92471,92472],{"className":46,"code":59735,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,92473,92474],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92475,92476,92478,92480,92482,92484,92486,92488,92490,92492,92494,92496],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92477,311],{"class":66},[53,92479,852],{"class":70},[53,92481,74],{"class":66},[53,92483,5382],{"class":70},[53,92485,74],{"class":66},[53,92487,77],{"class":70},[53,92489,74],{"class":66},[53,92491,82],{"class":70},[53,92493,74],{"class":66},[53,92495,597],{"class":70},[53,92497,85],{"class":66},[39,92499,92501],{"id":92500},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,92503,8762,92504,82055],{},[15,92505,36073],{},[44,92507,92509],{"className":46,"code":92508,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,92510,92511,92525,92543,92565,92593],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92512,92513,92515,92517,92519,92521,92523],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92514,145],{"class":144},[53,92516,127],{"class":66},[53,92518,59712],{"class":144},[53,92520,127],{"class":66},[53,92522,2024],{"class":70},[53,92524,1713],{"class":66},[53,92526,92527,92529,92531,92533,92535,92537,92539,92541],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,92528,145],{"class":144},[53,92530,127],{"class":66},[53,92532,7979],{"class":1704},[53,92534,127],{"class":66},[53,92536,59712],{"class":144},[53,92538,127],{"class":66},[53,92540,2024],{"class":70},[53,92542,2799],{"class":66},[53,92544,92545,92547,92549,92551,92553,92555,92557,92559,92561,92563],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,92546,145],{"class":144},[53,92548,127],{"class":66},[53,92550,7979],{"class":1704},[53,92552,127],{"class":66},[53,92554,59712],{"class":144},[53,92556,127],{"class":66},[53,92558,1589],{"class":70},[53,92560,74],{"class":66},[53,92562,6246],{"class":70},[53,92564,2799],{"class":66},[53,92566,92567,92569,92571,92573,92575,92577,92579,92581,92583,92585,92587,92589,92591],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,92568,145],{"class":144},[53,92570,127],{"class":66},[53,92572,7979],{"class":1704},[53,92574,127],{"class":66},[53,92576,59712],{"class":144},[53,92578,127],{"class":66},[53,92580,1188],{"class":70},[53,92582,74],{"class":66},[53,92584,3720],{"class":70},[53,92586,74],{"class":66},[53,92588,2109],{"class":63},[53,92590,1589],{"class":70},[53,92592,2799],{"class":66},[53,92594,92595,92597,92599,92601,92603,92605,92607,92609],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,92596,145],{"class":144},[53,92598,127],{"class":66},[53,92600,1705],{"class":1704},[53,92602,127],{"class":66},[53,92604,59712],{"class":144},[53,92606,127],{"class":66},[53,92608,2024],{"class":70},[53,92610,2799],{"class":66},[20,92612,25878],{},[194,92614,92615,92618,92621],{},[197,92616,92617],{},"what values are being created",[197,92619,92620],{},"whether the direction is correct",[197,92622,92623,92624,24487],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,92625,59712],{},[39,92627,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,92629,1729,92631,92633],{"id":92630},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,92632,36073],{}," include the last number?",[20,92635,92636],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[1327,92638,5041,92640,92642,92643,1744],{"id":92639},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,92641,90569],{}," start at ",[15,92644,852],{},[20,92646,92647,92648,99],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,92649,852],{},[1327,92651,5053,92653,92655],{"id":92652},"can-range-count-backward",[15,92654,36073],{}," count backward?",[20,92657,92658,92659,99],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,92660,92661],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[1327,92663,1756,92665,25913],{"id":92664},"is-range-a-list",[15,92666,36073],{},[20,92668,25916,92669,92671,92672,23808],{},[15,92670,59712],{}," object. Use ",[15,92673,92674],{},"list(range(...))",[1327,92676,5041,92678,48557],{"id":92677},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,92679,92680],{},"range(input())",[20,92682,92683,3371,92685,99],{},[15,92684,2845],{},[15,92686,92687],{},"int(input())",[39,92689,1788],{"id":1787},[194,92691,92692,92696,92702,92708,92714],{},[197,92693,92694],{},[758,92695,35904],{"href":35903},[197,92697,92698],{},[758,92699,3463,92700,3396],{"href":42229},[15,92701,42232],{},[197,92703,92704],{},[758,92705,3463,92706,3396],{"href":91738},[15,92707,35624],{},[197,92709,92710],{},[758,92711,37393,92712,36482],{"href":36478},[15,92713,35624],{},[197,92715,92716],{},[758,92717,50397,92718],{"href":50396},[15,92719,50400],{},[1817,92721,92722],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":92724},[92725,92726,92728,92734,92742,92749,92751,92763,92764,92776],{"id":41,"depth":88,"text":42},{"id":90578,"depth":88,"text":92727},"What range() does",{"id":90671,"depth":88,"text":92729,"children":92730},"range() syntax",[92731,92732,92733],{"id":90751,"depth":109,"text":90754},{"id":90815,"depth":109,"text":90818},{"id":90883,"depth":109,"text":90886},{"id":90954,"depth":88,"text":90955,"children":92735},[92736,92737,92738,92739,92740],{"id":90961,"depth":109,"text":90569},{"id":91024,"depth":109,"text":91027},{"id":91088,"depth":109,"text":91091},{"id":91164,"depth":109,"text":91165},{"id":76528,"depth":109,"text":92741},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91323,"depth":88,"text":92743,"children":92744},"Using range() in a for loop",[92745,92746,92747],{"id":91425,"depth":109,"text":91426},{"id":91470,"depth":109,"text":91471},{"id":91550,"depth":109,"text":92748},"range() and indexing",{"id":91825,"depth":88,"text":92750},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":1319,"depth":88,"text":1320,"children":92752},[92753,92754,92756,92757,92759,92761],{"id":92008,"depth":109,"text":92009},{"id":92104,"depth":109,"text":92755},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92170,"depth":109,"text":92171},{"id":92305,"depth":109,"text":92758},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92362,"depth":109,"text":92760},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92396,"depth":109,"text":92762},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92500,"depth":88,"text":92501},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":92765},[92766,92768,92770,92772,92774],{"id":92630,"depth":109,"text":92767},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92639,"depth":109,"text":92769},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92652,"depth":109,"text":92771},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92664,"depth":109,"text":92773},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92677,"depth":109,"text":92775},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90472,"description":92777},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":92784,"title":92785,"body":92786,"description":94459,"extension":1853,"meta":94460,"navigation":112,"path":94461,"seo":94462,"stem":94463,"__hash__":94464},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":92787,"toc":94432},[92788,92797,92804,92821,92837,92839,92888,92896,92900,92903,92923,92925,92989,92991,93034,93037,93083,93085,93118,93128,93134,93142,93159,93161,93192,93194,93219,93224,93235,93238,93308,93310,93341,93346,93351,93368,93370,93421,93423,93456,93459,93466,93471,93475,93491,93493,93537,93539,93585,93588,93601,93606,93610,93624,93626,93677,93679,93712,93717,93719,93726,93728,93751,93753,93818,93820,93837,93840,93873,93875,93903,93913,93920,93924,93927,93945,93948,93976,93979,93997,94002,94008,94011,94033,94035,94063,94065,94068,94093,94096,94209,94211,94290,94292,94298,94303,94311,94319,94323,94326,94328,94361,94363,94371,94377,94384,94391,94394,94396,94429],[10,92789,3463,92791,10474,92793,92796],{"id":92790},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,92792,36073],{},[15,92794,92795],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,92798,92799,960,92801,92803],{},[15,92800,36073],{},[15,92802,92795],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[194,92805,92806,92814],{},[197,92807,92808,92810,92811],{},[15,92809,36073],{}," creates a ",[34,92812,92813],{},"range object",[197,92815,92816,92810,92818],{},[15,92817,92795],{},[34,92819,92820],{},"real list",[20,92822,92823,92824,92826,92827,92830,92831,92833,92834,92836],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,92825,90569],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,92828,92829],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,92832,36073],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,92835,92795],{}," when you actually need a list.",[39,92838,3497],{"id":3496},[44,92840,92842],{"className":46,"code":92841,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,92843,92844,92858,92871],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92845,92846,92848,92850,92852,92854,92856],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92847,60],{"class":59},[53,92849,31],{"class":63},[53,92851,53937],{"class":144},[53,92853,127],{"class":66},[53,92855,2024],{"class":70},[53,92857,133],{"class":66},[53,92859,92860,92862,92864,92866,92868],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,92861,145],{"class":144},[53,92863,127],{"class":66},[53,92865,150],{"class":102},[53,92867,153],{"class":66},[53,92869,92870],{"class":156},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[53,92872,92873,92875,92877,92879,92881,92883,92885],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,92874,145],{"class":144},[53,92876,127],{"class":66},[53,92878,7979],{"class":1704},[53,92880,127],{"class":66},[53,92882,150],{"class":102},[53,92884,5245],{"class":66},[53,92886,92887],{"class":156},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,92889,174,92890,92892,92893,92895],{},[15,92891,36073],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,92894,92795],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[39,92897,92899],{"id":92898},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,92901,92902],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[194,92904,92905,92912,92917,92920],{},[197,92906,92907,21844,92909,92911],{},[15,92908,36073],{},[34,92910,92813],{},", not a list",[197,92913,92914,92916],{},[15,92915,92795],{}," converts that range object into a list",[197,92918,92919],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[197,92921,92922],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,92924,211],{},[44,92926,92928],{"className":46,"code":92927,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,92929,92930,92945,92964,92968,92978],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92931,92932,92935,92937,92939,92941,92943],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92933,92934],{"class":59},"r ",[53,92936,31],{"class":63},[53,92938,53937],{"class":144},[53,92940,127],{"class":66},[53,92942,2024],{"class":70},[53,92944,133],{"class":66},[53,92946,92947,92950,92952,92954,92956,92958,92960,92962],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,92948,92949],{"class":59},"lst ",[53,92951,31],{"class":63},[53,92953,22429],{"class":1704},[53,92955,127],{"class":66},[53,92957,59712],{"class":144},[53,92959,127],{"class":66},[53,92961,2024],{"class":70},[53,92963,1713],{"class":66},[53,92965,92966],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,92967,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,92969,92970,92972,92974,92976],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,92971,145],{"class":144},[53,92973,127],{"class":66},[53,92975,60219],{"class":102},[53,92977,133],{"class":66},[53,92979,92980,92982,92984,92987],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,92981,145],{"class":144},[53,92983,127],{"class":66},[53,92985,92986],{"class":102},"lst",[53,92988,133],{"class":66},[20,92990,301],{},[44,92992,92994],{"className":46,"code":92993,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,92995,92996,93010],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92997,92998,93000,93002,93004,93006,93008],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92999,59712],{"class":144},[53,93001,127],{"class":66},[53,93003,852],{"class":70},[53,93005,74],{"class":66},[53,93007,4491],{"class":70},[53,93009,133],{"class":66},[53,93011,93012,93014,93016,93018,93020,93022,93024,93026,93028,93030,93032],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,93013,311],{"class":66},[53,93015,852],{"class":70},[53,93017,74],{"class":66},[53,93019,5382],{"class":70},[53,93021,74],{"class":66},[53,93023,77],{"class":70},[53,93025,74],{"class":66},[53,93027,82],{"class":70},[53,93029,74],{"class":66},[53,93031,597],{"class":70},[53,93033,85],{"class":66},[20,93035,93036],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[44,93038,93040],{"className":46,"code":93039,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,93041,93042,93060],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93043,93044,93046,93048,93050,93052,93054,93056,93058],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93045,145],{"class":144},[53,93047,127],{"class":66},[53,93049,1705],{"class":1704},[53,93051,127],{"class":66},[53,93053,59712],{"class":144},[53,93055,127],{"class":66},[53,93057,2024],{"class":70},[53,93059,2799],{"class":66},[53,93061,93062,93064,93066,93068,93070,93072,93074,93076,93078,93080],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,93063,145],{"class":144},[53,93065,127],{"class":66},[53,93067,1705],{"class":1704},[53,93069,127],{"class":66},[53,93071,7979],{"class":1704},[53,93073,127],{"class":66},[53,93075,59712],{"class":144},[53,93077,127],{"class":66},[53,93079,2024],{"class":70},[53,93081,93082],{"class":66},"))))\n",[20,93084,301],{},[44,93086,93088],{"className":46,"code":93087,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,93089,93090,93104],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93091,93092,93094,93096,93098,93100,93102],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93093,3178],{"class":63},[53,93095,3181],{"class":1954},[53,93097,323],{"class":228},[53,93099,59712],{"class":232},[53,93101,314],{"class":228},[53,93103,3190],{"class":63},[53,93105,93106,93108,93110,93112,93114,93116],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,93107,3178],{"class":63},[53,93109,3181],{"class":1954},[53,93111,323],{"class":228},[53,93113,7979],{"class":232},[53,93115,314],{"class":228},[53,93117,3190],{"class":63},[20,93119,93120,93121,93123,93124,99],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,93122,36073],{}," works, see ",[758,93125,3463,93126,3396],{"href":92779},[15,93127,36073],{},[39,93129,184,93131,93133],{"id":93130},"what-range-gives-you",[15,93132,36073],{}," gives you",[20,93135,93136,93138,93139,93141],{},[15,93137,36073],{}," is most often used in ",[15,93140,5843],{}," loops.",[194,93143,93144,93147,93150,93153],{},[197,93145,93146],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[197,93148,93149],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[197,93151,93152],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[197,93154,93155,93156],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,93157,93158],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,93160,211],{},[44,93162,93164],{"className":46,"code":93163,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93165,93166,93182],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93167,93168,93170,93172,93174,93176,93178,93180],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93169,5843],{"class":3764},[53,93171,69263],{"class":59},[53,93173,3771],{"class":3764},[53,93175,53937],{"class":144},[53,93177,127],{"class":66},[53,93179,2024],{"class":70},[53,93181,8228],{"class":66},[53,93183,93184,93186,93188,93190],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,93185,7954],{"class":144},[53,93187,127],{"class":66},[53,93189,36030],{"class":102},[53,93191,133],{"class":66},[20,93193,301],{},[44,93195,93197],{"className":46,"code":93196,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,93198,93199,93203,93207,93211,93215],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93200,93201],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93202,47124],{"class":70},[53,93204,93205],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,93206,46789],{"class":70},[53,93208,93209],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,93210,16926],{"class":70},[53,93212,93213],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,93214,46489],{"class":70},[53,93216,93217],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,93218,48523],{"class":70},[20,93220,20639,93221,93223],{},[15,93222,90569],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,93225,93226,93227,93229,93230,99],{},"This is one reason ",[15,93228,36073],{}," is so common with ",[758,93231,3463,93233,90600],{"href":93232},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,93234,5843],{},[20,93236,93237],{},"You can also inspect it:",[44,93239,93241],{"className":46,"code":93240,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,93242,93243,93265,93269,93279,93293],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93244,93245,93247,93249,93251,93253,93255,93257,93259,93261,93263],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93246,92934],{"class":59},[53,93248,31],{"class":63},[53,93250,53937],{"class":144},[53,93252,127],{"class":66},[53,93254,1589],{"class":70},[53,93256,74],{"class":66},[53,93258,5890],{"class":70},[53,93260,74],{"class":66},[53,93262,77],{"class":70},[53,93264,133],{"class":66},[53,93266,93267],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,93268,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,93270,93271,93273,93275,93277],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,93272,145],{"class":144},[53,93274,127],{"class":66},[53,93276,60219],{"class":102},[53,93278,133],{"class":66},[53,93280,93281,93283,93285,93287,93289,93291],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,93282,145],{"class":144},[53,93284,127],{"class":66},[53,93286,11050],{"class":144},[53,93288,127],{"class":66},[53,93290,60219],{"class":102},[53,93292,1713],{"class":66},[53,93294,93295,93297,93299,93301,93303,93306],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,93296,145],{"class":144},[53,93298,127],{"class":66},[53,93300,80309],{"class":70},[53,93302,21042],{"class":3764},[53,93304,93305],{"class":102}," r",[53,93307,133],{"class":66},[20,93309,301],{},[44,93311,93313],{"className":46,"code":93312,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,93314,93315,93333,93337],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93316,93317,93319,93321,93323,93325,93327,93329,93331],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93318,59712],{"class":144},[53,93320,127],{"class":66},[53,93322,1589],{"class":70},[53,93324,74],{"class":66},[53,93326,5890],{"class":70},[53,93328,74],{"class":66},[53,93330,77],{"class":70},[53,93332,133],{"class":66},[53,93334,93335],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,93336,48523],{"class":70},[53,93338,93339],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,93340,3868],{"class":3739},[39,93342,184,93344,93133],{"id":93343},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,93345,92795],{},[20,93347,93348,93350],{},[15,93349,92795],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[194,93352,93353,93356,93359,93362],{},[197,93354,93355],{},"It creates all values at once",[197,93357,93358],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[197,93360,93361],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[197,93363,93364,93365,93367],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93366,36073],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93369,211],{},[44,93371,93373],{"className":46,"code":93372,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93374,93375,93393,93397,93407],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93376,93377,93379,93381,93383,93385,93387,93389,93391],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93378,60],{"class":59},[53,93380,31],{"class":63},[53,93382,22429],{"class":1704},[53,93384,127],{"class":66},[53,93386,59712],{"class":144},[53,93388,127],{"class":66},[53,93390,2024],{"class":70},[53,93392,1713],{"class":66},[53,93394,93395],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,93396,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,93398,93399,93401,93403,93405],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,93400,145],{"class":144},[53,93402,127],{"class":66},[53,93404,150],{"class":102},[53,93406,133],{"class":66},[53,93408,93409,93411,93413,93415,93417,93419],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,93410,145],{"class":144},[53,93412,127],{"class":66},[53,93414,150],{"class":102},[53,93416,311],{"class":66},[53,93418,1589],{"class":70},[53,93420,3777],{"class":66},[20,93422,301],{},[44,93424,93426],{"className":46,"code":93425,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93427,93428,93452],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93429,93430,93432,93434,93436,93438,93440,93442,93444,93446,93448,93450],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93431,311],{"class":66},[53,93433,852],{"class":70},[53,93435,74],{"class":66},[53,93437,5382],{"class":70},[53,93439,74],{"class":66},[53,93441,77],{"class":70},[53,93443,74],{"class":66},[53,93445,82],{"class":70},[53,93447,74],{"class":66},[53,93449,597],{"class":70},[53,93451,85],{"class":66},[53,93453,93454],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,93455,16926],{"class":70},[20,93457,93458],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,93460,93461,93462,99],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[758,93463,3463,93464,3396],{"href":64562},[15,93465,24651],{},[39,93467,1145,93469],{"id":93468},"when-to-use-range",[15,93470,36073],{},[20,93472,174,93473,1152],{},[15,93474,36073],{},[194,93476,93477,93482,93485,93488],{},[197,93478,93479,93480,91329],{},"You are writing a ",[15,93481,5843],{},[197,93483,93484],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[197,93486,93487],{},"You are working with large sequences",[197,93489,93490],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,93492,211],{},[44,93494,93496],{"className":46,"code":93495,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,93497,93498,93518],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93499,93500,93502,93504,93506,93508,93510,93512,93514,93516],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93501,5843],{"class":3764},[53,93503,69263],{"class":59},[53,93505,3771],{"class":3764},[53,93507,53937],{"class":144},[53,93509,127],{"class":66},[53,93511,71],{"class":70},[53,93513,74],{"class":66},[53,93515,37518],{"class":70},[53,93517,8228],{"class":66},[53,93519,93520,93522,93524,93526,93529,93531,93533,93535],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,93521,7954],{"class":144},[53,93523,127],{"class":66},[53,93525,229],{"class":228},[53,93527,93528],{"class":232},"Count:",[53,93530,229],{"class":228},[53,93532,74],{"class":66},[53,93534,36005],{"class":102},[53,93536,133],{"class":66},[20,93538,301],{},[44,93540,93542],{"className":46,"code":93541,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,93543,93544,93553,93561,93569,93577],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93545,93546,93549,93551],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93547,93548],{"class":59},"Count",[53,93550,192],{"class":66},[53,93552,29486],{"class":70},[53,93554,93555,93557,93559],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,93556,93548],{"class":59},[53,93558,192],{"class":66},[53,93560,45461],{"class":70},[53,93562,93563,93565,93567],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,93564,93548],{"class":59},[53,93566,192],{"class":66},[53,93568,2463],{"class":70},[53,93570,93571,93573,93575],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,93572,93548],{"class":59},[53,93574,192],{"class":66},[53,93576,23533],{"class":70},[53,93578,93579,93581,93583],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,93580,93548],{"class":59},[53,93582,192],{"class":66},[53,93584,34716],{"class":70},[20,93586,93587],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,93589,93590,93591,93593,93594,62002,93596,99],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,93592,35624],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,93595,36472],{},[758,93597,36479,93599,36482],{"href":93598},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,93600,35624],{},[39,93602,1145,93604],{"id":93603},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,93605,92795],{},[20,93607,174,93608,1152],{},[15,93609,92795],{},[194,93611,93612,93615,93618,93621],{},[197,93613,93614],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[197,93616,93617],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[197,93619,93620],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[197,93622,93623],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,93625,211],{},[44,93627,93629],{"className":46,"code":93628,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,93630,93631,93649,93663,93667],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93632,93633,93635,93637,93639,93641,93643,93645,93647],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93634,60],{"class":59},[53,93636,31],{"class":63},[53,93638,22429],{"class":1704},[53,93640,127],{"class":66},[53,93642,59712],{"class":144},[53,93644,127],{"class":66},[53,93646,2024],{"class":70},[53,93648,1713],{"class":66},[53,93650,93651,93653,93655,93657,93659,93661],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,93652,150],{"class":59},[53,93654,99],{"class":66},[53,93656,124],{"class":102},[53,93658,127],{"class":66},[53,93660,2024],{"class":70},[53,93662,133],{"class":66},[53,93664,93665],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,93666,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,93668,93669,93671,93673,93675],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,93670,145],{"class":144},[53,93672,127],{"class":66},[53,93674,150],{"class":102},[53,93676,133],{"class":66},[20,93678,301],{},[44,93680,93682],{"className":46,"code":93681,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,93683,93684],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93685,93686,93688,93690,93692,93694,93696,93698,93700,93702,93704,93706,93708,93710],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93687,311],{"class":66},[53,93689,852],{"class":70},[53,93691,74],{"class":66},[53,93693,5382],{"class":70},[53,93695,74],{"class":66},[53,93697,77],{"class":70},[53,93699,74],{"class":66},[53,93701,82],{"class":70},[53,93703,74],{"class":66},[53,93705,597],{"class":70},[53,93707,74],{"class":66},[53,93709,4491],{"class":70},[53,93711,85],{"class":66},[20,93713,5946,93714,93716],{},[15,93715,150],{}," is a list.",[39,93718,15467],{"id":15466},[20,93720,93721,93723,93724,99],{},[15,93722,36073],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[34,93725,37472],{},[20,93727,775],{},[194,93729,93730,93732,93737,93742,93745],{},[197,93731,21854],{},[197,93733,93734,93735],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,93736,42232],{},[197,93738,93739,93740],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,93741,3771],{},[197,93743,93744],{},"You can index it",[197,93746,93747,93748,93750],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,93749,1315],{}," do not work on it",[20,93752,211],{},[44,93754,93756],{"className":46,"code":93755,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,93757,93758,93772,93776,93790,93804],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93759,93760,93762,93764,93766,93768,93770],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93761,92934],{"class":59},[53,93763,31],{"class":63},[53,93765,53937],{"class":144},[53,93767,127],{"class":66},[53,93769,2024],{"class":70},[53,93771,133],{"class":66},[53,93773,93774],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,93775,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,93777,93778,93780,93782,93784,93786,93788],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,93779,145],{"class":144},[53,93781,127],{"class":66},[53,93783,60219],{"class":102},[53,93785,311],{"class":66},[53,93787,1589],{"class":70},[53,93789,3777],{"class":66},[53,93791,93792,93794,93796,93798,93800,93802],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,93793,145],{"class":144},[53,93795,127],{"class":66},[53,93797,11050],{"class":144},[53,93799,127],{"class":66},[53,93801,60219],{"class":102},[53,93803,1713],{"class":66},[53,93805,93806,93808,93810,93812,93814,93816],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,93807,145],{"class":144},[53,93809,127],{"class":66},[53,93811,815],{"class":70},[53,93813,21042],{"class":3764},[53,93815,93305],{"class":102},[53,93817,133],{"class":66},[20,93819,301],{},[44,93821,93823],{"className":46,"code":93822,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,93824,93825,93829,93833],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93826,93827],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93828,16926],{"class":70},[53,93830,93831],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,93832,2834],{"class":70},[53,93834,93835],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,93836,3868],{"class":3739},[20,93838,93839],{},"Now compare that with this:",[44,93841,93843],{"className":46,"code":93842,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,93844,93845,93859],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93846,93847,93849,93851,93853,93855,93857],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93848,92934],{"class":59},[53,93850,31],{"class":63},[53,93852,53937],{"class":144},[53,93854,127],{"class":66},[53,93856,2024],{"class":70},[53,93858,133],{"class":66},[53,93860,93861,93863,93865,93867,93869,93871],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,93862,60219],{"class":59},[53,93864,99],{"class":66},[53,93866,124],{"class":102},[53,93868,127],{"class":66},[53,93870,2024],{"class":70},[53,93872,133],{"class":66},[20,93874,301],{},[44,93876,93878],{"className":46,"code":93877,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,93879,93880],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93881,93882,93884,93886,93888,93890,93892,93894,93897,93899,93901],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93883,25541],{"class":1704},[53,93885,192],{"class":66},[53,93887,323],{"class":228},[53,93889,59712],{"class":232},[53,93891,314],{"class":228},[53,93893,24487],{"class":1704},[53,93895,93896],{"class":59}," has no attribute ",[53,93898,314],{"class":228},[53,93900,124],{"class":232},[53,93902,29571],{"class":228},[20,93904,93905,93906,2076,93908,2080,93910,93912],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,93907,1315],{},[15,93909,55393],{},[15,93911,64026],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,93914,93915,93916,99],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[758,93917,25549,93918],{"href":35294},[15,93919,34128],{},[39,93921,93923],{"id":93922},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,93925,93926],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[44,93928,93929],{"className":46,"code":92405,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,93930,93931],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93932,93933,93935,93937,93939,93941,93943],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93934,145],{"class":144},[53,93936,127],{"class":66},[53,93938,59712],{"class":144},[53,93940,127],{"class":66},[53,93942,2024],{"class":70},[53,93944,1713],{"class":66},[20,93946,93947],{},"to show:",[44,93949,93950],{"className":46,"code":59735,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,93951,93952],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93953,93954,93956,93958,93960,93962,93964,93966,93968,93970,93972,93974],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93955,311],{"class":66},[53,93957,852],{"class":70},[53,93959,74],{"class":66},[53,93961,5382],{"class":70},[53,93963,74],{"class":66},[53,93965,77],{"class":70},[53,93967,74],{"class":66},[53,93969,82],{"class":70},[53,93971,74],{"class":66},[53,93973,597],{"class":70},[53,93975,85],{"class":66},[20,93977,93978],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[44,93980,93981],{"className":46,"code":92426,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,93982,93983],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93984,93985,93987,93989,93991,93993,93995],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93986,59712],{"class":144},[53,93988,127],{"class":66},[53,93990,852],{"class":70},[53,93992,74],{"class":66},[53,93994,4491],{"class":70},[53,93996,133],{"class":66},[20,93998,4514,93999,94001],{},[34,94000,36],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,94003,94004,94005,94007],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[34,94006,92813],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,94009,94010],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[44,94012,94013],{"className":46,"code":90762,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,94014,94015],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94016,94017,94019,94021,94023,94025,94027,94029,94031],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94018,145],{"class":144},[53,94020,127],{"class":66},[53,94022,7979],{"class":1704},[53,94024,127],{"class":66},[53,94026,59712],{"class":144},[53,94028,127],{"class":66},[53,94030,2024],{"class":70},[53,94032,2799],{"class":66},[20,94034,301],{},[44,94036,94037],{"className":46,"code":59735,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,94038,94039],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94040,94041,94043,94045,94047,94049,94051,94053,94055,94057,94059,94061],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94042,311],{"class":66},[53,94044,852],{"class":70},[53,94046,74],{"class":66},[53,94048,5382],{"class":70},[53,94050,74],{"class":66},[53,94052,77],{"class":70},[53,94054,74],{"class":66},[53,94056,82],{"class":70},[53,94058,74],{"class":66},[53,94060,597],{"class":70},[53,94062,85],{"class":66},[39,94064,2716],{"id":2715},[20,94066,94067],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[194,94069,94070,94076,94079,94085],{},[197,94071,485,94072,94075],{},[15,94073,94074],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[197,94077,94078],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[197,94080,94081,94082,94084],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,94083,36073],{}," is iterable but not a list",[197,94086,485,94087,94089,94090,94092],{},[15,94088,92795],{}," when plain ",[15,94091,36073],{}," would be simpler",[20,94094,94095],{},"These quick checks can help:",[44,94097,94099],{"className":46,"code":94098,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,94100,94101,94115,94133,94151,94173,94191],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94102,94103,94105,94107,94109,94111,94113],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94104,145],{"class":144},[53,94106,127],{"class":66},[53,94108,59712],{"class":144},[53,94110,127],{"class":66},[53,94112,2024],{"class":70},[53,94114,1713],{"class":66},[53,94116,94117,94119,94121,94123,94125,94127,94129,94131],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,94118,145],{"class":144},[53,94120,127],{"class":66},[53,94122,7979],{"class":1704},[53,94124,127],{"class":66},[53,94126,59712],{"class":144},[53,94128,127],{"class":66},[53,94130,2024],{"class":70},[53,94132,2799],{"class":66},[53,94134,94135,94137,94139,94141,94143,94145,94147,94149],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,94136,145],{"class":144},[53,94138,127],{"class":66},[53,94140,1705],{"class":1704},[53,94142,127],{"class":66},[53,94144,59712],{"class":144},[53,94146,127],{"class":66},[53,94148,2024],{"class":70},[53,94150,2799],{"class":66},[53,94152,94153,94155,94157,94159,94161,94163,94165,94167,94169,94171],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,94154,145],{"class":144},[53,94156,127],{"class":66},[53,94158,1705],{"class":1704},[53,94160,127],{"class":66},[53,94162,7979],{"class":1704},[53,94164,127],{"class":66},[53,94166,59712],{"class":144},[53,94168,127],{"class":66},[53,94170,2024],{"class":70},[53,94172,93082],{"class":66},[53,94174,94175,94177,94179,94181,94183,94185,94187,94189],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,94176,145],{"class":144},[53,94178,127],{"class":66},[53,94180,815],{"class":70},[53,94182,21042],{"class":3764},[53,94184,53937],{"class":144},[53,94186,127],{"class":66},[53,94188,2024],{"class":70},[53,94190,1713],{"class":66},[53,94192,94193,94195,94197,94199,94201,94203,94205,94207],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,94194,145],{"class":144},[53,94196,127],{"class":66},[53,94198,11050],{"class":144},[53,94200,127],{"class":66},[53,94202,59712],{"class":144},[53,94204,127],{"class":66},[53,94206,2024],{"class":70},[53,94208,2799],{"class":66},[20,94210,301],{},[44,94212,94214],{"className":46,"code":94213,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,94215,94216,94230,94254,94268,94282,94286],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94217,94218,94220,94222,94224,94226,94228],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94219,59712],{"class":144},[53,94221,127],{"class":66},[53,94223,852],{"class":70},[53,94225,74],{"class":66},[53,94227,4491],{"class":70},[53,94229,133],{"class":66},[53,94231,94232,94234,94236,94238,94240,94242,94244,94246,94248,94250,94252],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,94233,311],{"class":66},[53,94235,852],{"class":70},[53,94237,74],{"class":66},[53,94239,5382],{"class":70},[53,94241,74],{"class":66},[53,94243,77],{"class":70},[53,94245,74],{"class":66},[53,94247,82],{"class":70},[53,94249,74],{"class":66},[53,94251,597],{"class":70},[53,94253,85],{"class":66},[53,94255,94256,94258,94260,94262,94264,94266],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,94257,3178],{"class":63},[53,94259,3181],{"class":1954},[53,94261,323],{"class":228},[53,94263,59712],{"class":232},[53,94265,314],{"class":228},[53,94267,3190],{"class":63},[53,94269,94270,94272,94274,94276,94278,94280],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,94271,3178],{"class":63},[53,94273,3181],{"class":1954},[53,94275,323],{"class":228},[53,94277,7979],{"class":232},[53,94279,314],{"class":228},[53,94281,3190],{"class":63},[53,94283,94284],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,94285,3868],{"class":3739},[53,94287,94288],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,94289,2834],{"class":70},[39,94291,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,94293,1756,94295,94297],{"id":94294},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,94296,36073],{}," a list in Python?",[20,94299,46237,94300,94302],{},[15,94301,36073],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[1327,94304,94306,94307,10980,94309,1744],{"id":94305},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,94308,36073],{},[15,94310,92795],{},[20,94312,94313,94315,94316,94318],{},[15,94314,36073],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,94317,92795],{}," creates a full list.",[1327,94320,94322],{"id":94321},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,94324,94325],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,94327,211],{},[44,94329,94331],{"className":46,"code":94330,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,94332,94333,94347],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94334,94335,94337,94339,94341,94343,94345],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94336,92934],{"class":59},[53,94338,31],{"class":63},[53,94340,53937],{"class":144},[53,94342,127],{"class":66},[53,94344,2024],{"class":70},[53,94346,133],{"class":66},[53,94348,94349,94351,94353,94355,94357,94359],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,94350,145],{"class":144},[53,94352,127],{"class":66},[53,94354,60219],{"class":102},[53,94356,311],{"class":66},[53,94358,71],{"class":70},[53,94360,3777],{"class":66},[20,94362,301],{},[44,94364,94365],{"className":46,"code":46789,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,94366,94367],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94368,94369],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94370,46789],{"class":70},[1327,94372,5041,94374,94376],{"id":94373},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94375,94074],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94378,94379,94380,94383],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94381,94382],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[1327,94385,94387,94388,94390],{"id":94386},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94389,36073],{}," to a list?",[20,94392,94393],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[39,94395,1788],{"id":1787},[194,94397,94398,94404,94410,94417,94423],{},[197,94399,94400],{},[758,94401,3463,94402,3396],{"href":92779},[15,94403,36073],{},[197,94405,94406],{},[758,94407,3463,94408,3396],{"href":64562},[15,94409,24651],{},[197,94411,94412],{},[758,94413,3463,94414,94416],{"href":93232},[15,94415,5843],{}," loops explained",[197,94418,94419],{},[758,94420,37393,94421,36482],{"href":93598},[15,94422,35624],{},[197,94424,94425],{},[758,94426,25992,94427],{"href":35294},[15,94428,34128],{},[1817,94430,94431],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":94433},[94434,94435,94436,94438,94440,94442,94444,94445,94446,94447,94458],{"id":3496,"depth":88,"text":3497},{"id":92898,"depth":88,"text":92899},{"id":93130,"depth":88,"text":94437},"What range() gives you",{"id":93343,"depth":88,"text":94439},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93468,"depth":88,"text":94441},"When to use range()",{"id":93603,"depth":88,"text":94443},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15466,"depth":88,"text":15467},{"id":93922,"depth":88,"text":93923},{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":94448},[94449,94451,94453,94454,94456],{"id":94294,"depth":109,"text":94450},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94305,"depth":109,"text":94452},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94321,"depth":109,"text":94322},{"id":94373,"depth":109,"text":94455},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94386,"depth":109,"text":94457},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":92785,"description":94459},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94466,"title":94467,"body":94468,"description":95904,"extension":1853,"meta":95905,"navigation":112,"path":95906,"seo":95907,"stem":95908,"__hash__":95909},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94469,"toc":95870},[94470,94476,94481,94484,94498,94501,94503,94542,94544,94557,94565,94570,94586,94589,94591,94593,94614,94631,94634,94693,94695,94714,94719,94725,94728,94762,94764,94777,94780,94825,94827,94850,94857,94863,94866,94907,94909,94923,94926,94984,94986,95001,95014,95020,95026,95091,95093,95112,95114,95132,95135,95139,95145,95147,95180,95182,95195,95205,95208,95269,95271,95292,95295,95297,95313,95318,95322,95327,95332,95388,95390,95408,95411,95456,95458,95466,95471,95475,95489,95491,95523,95525,95534,95536,95540,95549,95552,95584,95586,95598,95601,95605,95610,95651,95653,95661,95664,95687,95691,95693,95702,95705,95758,95760,95769,95773,95778,95789,95791,95800,95803,95809,95812,95818,95828,95836,95843,95845,95867],[10,94471,3463,94473,3467],{"id":94472},"python-round-function-explained",[15,94474,94475],{},"round()",[20,94477,9010,94478,94480],{},[15,94479,94475],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,94482,94483],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[194,94485,94486,94492],{},[197,94487,94488,94491],{},[15,94489,94490],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[197,94493,94494,94497],{},[15,94495,94496],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94499,94500],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[39,94502,42],{"id":41},[44,94504,94506],{"className":46,"code":94505,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,94507,94508,94524],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94509,94510,94512,94514,94517,94519,94522],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94511,145],{"class":144},[53,94513,127],{"class":66},[53,94515,94516],{"class":144},"round",[53,94518,127],{"class":66},[53,94520,94521],{"class":70},"3.14159",[53,94523,1713],{"class":66},[53,94525,94526,94528,94530,94532,94534,94536,94538,94540],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,94527,145],{"class":144},[53,94529,127],{"class":66},[53,94531,94516],{"class":144},[53,94533,127],{"class":66},[53,94535,94521],{"class":70},[53,94537,74],{"class":66},[53,94539,77],{"class":70},[53,94541,1713],{"class":66},[20,94543,301],{},[44,94545,94547],{"className":46,"code":94546,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"3\n3.14\n",[15,94548,94549,94553],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94550,94551],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94552,46489],{"class":70},[53,94554,94555],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,94556,40050],{"class":70},[20,94558,174,94559,94561,94562,94564],{},[15,94560,94490],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,94563,94496],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[39,94566,184,94568,187],{"id":94567},"what-round-does",[15,94569,94475],{},[194,94571,94572,94577,94580,94583],{},[197,94573,94574,94576],{},[15,94575,94475],{}," is a built-in Python function",[197,94578,94579],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[197,94581,94582],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[197,94584,94585],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94587,94588],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[39,94590,372],{"id":371},[20,94592,375],{},[44,94594,94596],{"className":46,"code":94595,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,94597,94598],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94599,94600,94602,94604,94606,94609,94612],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94601,94516],{"class":144},[53,94603,127],{"class":66},[53,94605,2127],{"class":102},[53,94607,94608],{"class":66},"[,",[53,94610,94611],{"class":102}," ndigits",[53,94613,3777],{"class":66},[194,94615,94616,94621,94626],{},[197,94617,94618,94620],{},[15,94619,2127],{}," is the value to round",[197,94622,94623,19907],{},[15,94624,94625],{},"ndigits",[197,94627,94628,94630],{},[15,94629,94625],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,94632,94633],{},"Basic examples:",[44,94635,94637],{"className":46,"code":94636,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,94638,94639,94654,94672],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94640,94641,94643,94645,94647,94649,94652],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94642,145],{"class":144},[53,94644,127],{"class":66},[53,94646,94516],{"class":144},[53,94648,127],{"class":66},[53,94650,94651],{"class":70},"7.8",[53,94653,1713],{"class":66},[53,94655,94656,94658,94660,94662,94664,94666,94668,94670],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,94657,145],{"class":144},[53,94659,127],{"class":66},[53,94661,94516],{"class":144},[53,94663,127],{"class":66},[53,94665,94651],{"class":70},[53,94667,74],{"class":66},[53,94669,5382],{"class":70},[53,94671,1713],{"class":66},[53,94673,94674,94676,94678,94680,94682,94685,94687,94689,94691],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,94675,145],{"class":144},[53,94677,127],{"class":66},[53,94679,94516],{"class":144},[53,94681,127],{"class":66},[53,94683,94684],{"class":70},"1234",[53,94686,74],{"class":66},[53,94688,2109],{"class":63},[53,94690,1589],{"class":70},[53,94692,1713],{"class":66},[20,94694,301],{},[44,94696,94698],{"className":46,"code":94697,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,94699,94700,94704,94709],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94701,94702],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94703,2269],{"class":70},[53,94705,94706],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,94707,94708],{"class":70},"7.8\n",[53,94710,94711],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,94712,94713],{"class":70},"1200\n",[20,94715,94716,94717,99],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[758,94718,2308],{"href":2307},[39,94720,485,94722,94724],{"id":94721},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,94723,94475],{}," with one argument",[20,94726,94727],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[44,94729,94731],{"className":46,"code":94730,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,94732,94733,94747],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94734,94735,94737,94739,94741,94743,94745],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94736,145],{"class":144},[53,94738,127],{"class":66},[53,94740,94516],{"class":144},[53,94742,127],{"class":66},[53,94744,2250],{"class":70},[53,94746,1713],{"class":66},[53,94748,94749,94751,94753,94755,94757,94760],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,94750,145],{"class":144},[53,94752,127],{"class":66},[53,94754,94516],{"class":144},[53,94756,127],{"class":66},[53,94758,94759],{"class":70},"4.8",[53,94761,1713],{"class":66},[20,94763,301],{},[44,94765,94767],{"className":46,"code":94766,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"4\n5\n",[15,94768,94769,94773],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94770,94771],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94772,48523],{"class":70},[53,94774,94775],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,94776,2834],{"class":70},[20,94778,94779],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[44,94781,94783],{"className":46,"code":94782,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,94784,94785,94801,94811],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94786,94787,94789,94791,94794,94796,94799],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94788,2117],{"class":59},[53,94790,31],{"class":63},[53,94792,94793],{"class":144}," round",[53,94795,127],{"class":66},[53,94797,94798],{"class":70},"10.2",[53,94800,133],{"class":66},[53,94802,94803,94805,94807,94809],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,94804,145],{"class":144},[53,94806,127],{"class":66},[53,94808,2152],{"class":102},[53,94810,133],{"class":66},[53,94812,94813,94815,94817,94819,94821,94823],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,94814,145],{"class":144},[53,94816,127],{"class":66},[53,94818,1705],{"class":1704},[53,94820,127],{"class":66},[53,94822,2152],{"class":102},[53,94824,1713],{"class":66},[20,94826,301],{},[44,94828,94830],{"className":46,"code":94829,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,94831,94832,94836],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94833,94834],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94835,2264],{"class":70},[53,94837,94838,94840,94842,94844,94846,94848],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,94839,3178],{"class":63},[53,94841,3181],{"class":1954},[53,94843,323],{"class":228},[53,94845,2075],{"class":232},[53,94847,314],{"class":228},[53,94849,3190],{"class":63},[20,94851,94852,94853,99],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[758,94854,3463,94855,3396],{"href":2761},[15,94856,2764],{},[39,94858,485,94860,94862],{"id":94859},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,94861,94475],{}," with decimal places",[20,94864,94865],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[44,94867,94869],{"className":46,"code":94868,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,94870,94871,94889],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94872,94873,94875,94877,94879,94881,94883,94885,94887],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94874,145],{"class":144},[53,94876,127],{"class":66},[53,94878,94516],{"class":144},[53,94880,127],{"class":66},[53,94882,94521],{"class":70},[53,94884,74],{"class":66},[53,94886,77],{"class":70},[53,94888,1713],{"class":66},[53,94890,94891,94893,94895,94897,94899,94901,94903,94905],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,94892,145],{"class":144},[53,94894,127],{"class":66},[53,94896,94516],{"class":144},[53,94898,127],{"class":66},[53,94900,94521],{"class":70},[53,94902,74],{"class":66},[53,94904,82],{"class":70},[53,94906,1713],{"class":66},[20,94908,301],{},[44,94910,94912],{"className":46,"code":94911,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,94913,94914,94918],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94915,94916],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94917,40050],{"class":70},[53,94919,94920],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,94921,94922],{"class":70},"3.142\n",[20,94924,94925],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[44,94927,94929],{"className":46,"code":94928,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,94930,94931,94940,94959,94963,94973],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94932,94933,94935,94937],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94934,40260],{"class":59},[53,94936,31],{"class":63},[53,94938,94939],{"class":70}," 19.9876\n",[53,94941,94942,94945,94947,94949,94951,94953,94955,94957],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,94943,94944],{"class":59},"rounded_price ",[53,94946,31],{"class":63},[53,94948,94793],{"class":144},[53,94950,127],{"class":66},[53,94952,25020],{"class":102},[53,94954,74],{"class":66},[53,94956,77],{"class":70},[53,94958,133],{"class":66},[53,94960,94961],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,94962,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,94964,94965,94967,94969,94971],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,94966,145],{"class":144},[53,94968,127],{"class":66},[53,94970,25020],{"class":102},[53,94972,133],{"class":66},[53,94974,94975,94977,94979,94982],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,94976,145],{"class":144},[53,94978,127],{"class":66},[53,94980,94981],{"class":102},"rounded_price",[53,94983,133],{"class":66},[20,94985,301],{},[44,94987,94989],{"className":46,"code":94988,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,94990,94991,94996],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94992,94993],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94994,94995],{"class":70},"19.9876\n",[53,94997,94998],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,94999,95000],{"class":70},"19.99\n",[20,95002,95003,95004,95007,95008,2765,95010,99],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,95005,95006],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[758,95009,40764],{"href":40763},[758,95011,3463,95012,3396],{"href":2768},[15,95013,2771],{},[39,95015,95017,95018],{"id":95016},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,95019,94625],{},[20,95021,95022,95023,95025],{},"A negative ",[15,95024,94625],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[44,95027,95029],{"className":46,"code":95028,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,95030,95031,95051,95071],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95032,95033,95035,95037,95039,95041,95043,95045,95047,95049],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95034,145],{"class":144},[53,95036,127],{"class":66},[53,95038,94516],{"class":144},[53,95040,127],{"class":66},[53,95042,94684],{"class":70},[53,95044,74],{"class":66},[53,95046,2109],{"class":63},[53,95048,71],{"class":70},[53,95050,1713],{"class":66},[53,95052,95053,95055,95057,95059,95061,95063,95065,95067,95069],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,95054,145],{"class":144},[53,95056,127],{"class":66},[53,95058,94516],{"class":144},[53,95060,127],{"class":66},[53,95062,94684],{"class":70},[53,95064,74],{"class":66},[53,95066,2109],{"class":63},[53,95068,1589],{"class":70},[53,95070,1713],{"class":66},[53,95072,95073,95075,95077,95079,95081,95083,95085,95087,95089],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,95074,145],{"class":144},[53,95076,127],{"class":66},[53,95078,94516],{"class":144},[53,95080,127],{"class":66},[53,95082,94684],{"class":70},[53,95084,74],{"class":66},[53,95086,2109],{"class":63},[53,95088,815],{"class":70},[53,95090,1713],{"class":66},[20,95092,301],{},[44,95094,95096],{"className":46,"code":95095,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,95097,95098,95103,95107],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95099,95100],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95101,95102],{"class":70},"1230\n",[53,95104,95105],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,95106,94713],{"class":70},[53,95108,95109],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,95110,95111],{"class":70},"1000\n",[20,95113,65299],{},[194,95115,95116,95121,95127],{},[197,95117,95118,95120],{},[15,95119,65569],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[197,95122,95123,95126],{},[15,95124,95125],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[197,95128,95129,95131],{},[15,95130,47543],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,95133,95134],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[39,95136,95138],{"id":95137},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,95140,95141,95142,99],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,95143,95144],{},".5",[20,95146,5356],{},[44,95148,95150],{"className":46,"code":95149,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,95151,95152,95166],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95153,95154,95156,95158,95160,95162,95164],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95155,145],{"class":144},[53,95157,127],{"class":66},[53,95159,94516],{"class":144},[53,95161,127],{"class":66},[53,95163,41030],{"class":70},[53,95165,1713],{"class":66},[53,95167,95168,95170,95172,95174,95176,95178],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,95169,145],{"class":144},[53,95171,127],{"class":66},[53,95173,94516],{"class":144},[53,95175,127],{"class":66},[53,95177,1930],{"class":70},[53,95179,1713],{"class":66},[20,95181,301],{},[44,95183,95185],{"className":46,"code":95184,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"2\n4\n",[15,95186,95187,95191],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95188,95189],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95190,16926],{"class":70},[53,95192,95193],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,95194,48523],{"class":70},[20,95196,95197,95198,95201,95202,95204],{},"Python uses ",[34,95199,95200],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,95203,95144],{}," situations.",[20,95206,95207],{},"More examples:",[44,95209,95211],{"className":46,"code":95210,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,95212,95213,95227,95241,95255],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95214,95215,95217,95219,95221,95223,95225],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95216,145],{"class":144},[53,95218,127],{"class":66},[53,95220,94516],{"class":144},[53,95222,127],{"class":66},[53,95224,41043],{"class":70},[53,95226,1713],{"class":66},[53,95228,95229,95231,95233,95235,95237,95239],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,95230,145],{"class":144},[53,95232,127],{"class":66},[53,95234,94516],{"class":144},[53,95236,127],{"class":66},[53,95238,41030],{"class":70},[53,95240,1713],{"class":66},[53,95242,95243,95245,95247,95249,95251,95253],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,95244,145],{"class":144},[53,95246,127],{"class":66},[53,95248,94516],{"class":144},[53,95250,127],{"class":66},[53,95252,1930],{"class":70},[53,95254,1713],{"class":66},[53,95256,95257,95259,95261,95263,95265,95267],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,95258,145],{"class":144},[53,95260,127],{"class":66},[53,95262,94516],{"class":144},[53,95264,127],{"class":66},[53,95266,40995],{"class":70},[53,95268,1713],{"class":66},[20,95270,301],{},[44,95272,95274],{"className":46,"code":95273,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,95275,95276,95280,95284,95288],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95277,95278],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95279,16926],{"class":70},[53,95281,95282],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,95283,16926],{"class":70},[53,95285,95286],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,95287,48523],{"class":70},[53,95289,95290],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,95291,48523],{"class":70},[20,95293,95294],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,95296,10601],{},[194,95298,95299,95306],{},[197,95300,95301,2021,95304],{},[15,95302,95303],{},"round(2.5)",[15,95305,1589],{},[197,95307,95308,2021,95311],{},[15,95309,95310],{},"round(3.5)",[15,95312,130],{},[20,95314,3057,95315,95317],{},[15,95316,95144],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[39,95319,95321],{"id":95320},"return-values","Return values",[20,95323,95324,95326],{},[15,95325,94475],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,95328,1006,95329,95331],{},[34,95330,36],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[44,95333,95335],{"className":46,"code":95334,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,95336,95337,95346,95350,95360,95378],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95338,95339,95341,95343],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95340,2335],{"class":59},[53,95342,31],{"class":63},[53,95344,95345],{"class":70}," 3.14159\n",[53,95347,95348],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,95349,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,95351,95352,95354,95356,95358],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,95353,145],{"class":144},[53,95355,127],{"class":66},[53,95357,2360],{"class":102},[53,95359,133],{"class":66},[53,95361,95362,95364,95366,95368,95370,95372,95374,95376],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,95363,145],{"class":144},[53,95365,127],{"class":66},[53,95367,94516],{"class":144},[53,95369,127],{"class":66},[53,95371,2360],{"class":102},[53,95373,74],{"class":66},[53,95375,77],{"class":70},[53,95377,1713],{"class":66},[53,95379,95380,95382,95384,95386],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,95381,145],{"class":144},[53,95383,127],{"class":66},[53,95385,2360],{"class":102},[53,95387,133],{"class":66},[20,95389,301],{},[44,95391,95393],{"className":46,"code":95392,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95394,95395,95400,95404],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95396,95397],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95398,95399],{"class":70},"3.14159\n",[53,95401,95402],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,95403,40050],{"class":70},[53,95405,95406],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,95407,95399],{"class":70},[20,95409,95410],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[44,95412,95414],{"className":46,"code":95413,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95415,95416,95424,95442,95446],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95417,95418,95420,95422],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95419,2335],{"class":59},[53,95421,31],{"class":63},[53,95423,95345],{"class":70},[53,95425,95426,95428,95430,95432,95434,95436,95438,95440],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,95427,2335],{"class":59},[53,95429,31],{"class":63},[53,95431,94793],{"class":144},[53,95433,127],{"class":66},[53,95435,2360],{"class":102},[53,95437,74],{"class":66},[53,95439,77],{"class":70},[53,95441,133],{"class":66},[53,95443,95444],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,95445,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,95447,95448,95450,95452,95454],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,95449,145],{"class":144},[53,95451,127],{"class":66},[53,95453,2360],{"class":102},[53,95455,133],{"class":66},[20,95457,301],{},[44,95459,95460],{"className":46,"code":40050,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,95461,95462],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95463,95464],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95465,40050],{"class":70},[39,95467,1145,95469],{"id":95468},"when-to-use-round",[15,95470,94475],{},[20,95472,174,95473,6204],{},[15,95474,94475],{},[194,95476,95477,95480,95483,95486],{},[197,95478,95479],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[197,95481,95482],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[197,95484,95485],{},"Round values before reporting results",[197,95487,95488],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,95490,5356],{},[44,95492,95494],{"className":46,"code":95493,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,95495,95496,95505],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95497,95498,95500,95502],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95499,2481],{"class":59},[53,95501,31],{"class":63},[53,95503,95504],{"class":70}," 12.67891\n",[53,95506,95507,95509,95511,95513,95515,95517,95519,95521],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,95508,145],{"class":144},[53,95510,127],{"class":66},[53,95512,94516],{"class":144},[53,95514,127],{"class":66},[53,95516,2504],{"class":102},[53,95518,74],{"class":66},[53,95520,77],{"class":70},[53,95522,1713],{"class":66},[20,95524,301],{},[44,95526,95528],{"className":46,"code":95527,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"12.68\n",[15,95529,95530],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95531,95532],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95533,95527],{"class":70},[39,95535,2716],{"id":2715},[20,95537,22964,95538,99],{},[15,95539,94475],{},[1327,95541,8339,95543,95545,95546,95548],{"id":95542},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,95544,94475],{}," to always round ",[15,95547,95144],{}," upward",[20,95550,95551],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[44,95553,95554],{"className":46,"code":95149,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,95555,95556,95570],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95557,95558,95560,95562,95564,95566,95568],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95559,145],{"class":144},[53,95561,127],{"class":66},[53,95563,94516],{"class":144},[53,95565,127],{"class":66},[53,95567,41030],{"class":70},[53,95569,1713],{"class":66},[53,95571,95572,95574,95576,95578,95580,95582],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,95573,145],{"class":144},[53,95575,127],{"class":66},[53,95577,94516],{"class":144},[53,95579,127],{"class":66},[53,95581,1930],{"class":70},[53,95583,1713],{"class":66},[20,95585,301],{},[44,95587,95588],{"className":46,"code":95184,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,95589,95590,95594],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95591,95592],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95593,16926],{"class":70},[53,95595,95596],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,95597,48523],{"class":70},[20,95599,95600],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[1327,95602,95604],{"id":95603},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,95606,95607,95609],{},[15,95608,94475],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[44,95611,95613],{"className":46,"code":95612,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95614,95615,95623,95637,95641],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95616,95617,95619,95621],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95618,2335],{"class":59},[53,95620,31],{"class":63},[53,95622,95345],{"class":70},[53,95624,95625,95627,95629,95631,95633,95635],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,95626,94516],{"class":144},[53,95628,127],{"class":66},[53,95630,2360],{"class":102},[53,95632,74],{"class":66},[53,95634,77],{"class":70},[53,95636,133],{"class":66},[53,95638,95639],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,95640,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,95642,95643,95645,95647,95649],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,95644,145],{"class":144},[53,95646,127],{"class":66},[53,95648,2360],{"class":102},[53,95650,133],{"class":66},[20,95652,301],{},[44,95654,95655],{"className":46,"code":95399,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,95656,95657],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95658,95659],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95660,95399],{"class":70},[20,95662,95663],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[44,95665,95667],{"className":46,"code":95666,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,95668,95669],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95670,95671,95673,95675,95677,95679,95681,95683,95685],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95672,2335],{"class":59},[53,95674,31],{"class":63},[53,95676,94793],{"class":144},[53,95678,127],{"class":66},[53,95680,2360],{"class":102},[53,95682,74],{"class":66},[53,95684,77],{"class":70},[53,95686,133],{"class":66},[1327,95688,95690],{"id":95689},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,95692,16271],{},[44,95694,95696],{"className":46,"code":95695,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,95697,95698],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95699,95700],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95701,95695],{"class":156},[20,95703,95704],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[44,95706,95708],{"className":46,"code":95707,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,95709,95710,95722,95736,95740],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95711,95712,95714,95716,95718,95720],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95713,34561],{"class":59},[53,95715,31],{"class":63},[53,95717,240],{"class":228},[53,95719,40016],{"class":232},[53,95721,1682],{"class":228},[53,95723,95724,95726,95728,95730,95732,95734],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,95725,2104],{"class":59},[53,95727,31],{"class":63},[53,95729,40128],{"class":1704},[53,95731,127],{"class":66},[53,95733,34582],{"class":102},[53,95735,133],{"class":66},[53,95737,95738],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,95739,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,95741,95742,95744,95746,95748,95750,95752,95754,95756],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,95743,145],{"class":144},[53,95745,127],{"class":66},[53,95747,94516],{"class":144},[53,95749,127],{"class":66},[53,95751,2127],{"class":102},[53,95753,74],{"class":66},[53,95755,5382],{"class":70},[53,95757,1713],{"class":66},[20,95759,301],{},[44,95761,95763],{"className":46,"code":95762,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"3.1\n",[15,95764,95765],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95766,95767],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95768,95762],{"class":70},[1327,95770,95772],{"id":95771},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,95774,95775,95777],{},[15,95776,94475],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,95779,95780,95781,2765,95785,99],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[758,95782,95783],{"href":2768},[15,95784,2771],{},[758,95786,95787],{"href":2761},[15,95788,2764],{},[39,95790,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,95792,1729,95794,95796,95797,95799],{"id":95793},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,95795,94475],{}," always round ",[15,95798,40087],{}," up?",[20,95801,95802],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[1327,95804,1729,95806,95808],{"id":95805},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,95807,94475],{}," change the original number?",[20,95810,95811],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[1327,95813,5053,95815,95817],{"id":95814},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,95816,94475],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,95819,95820,95821,95823,95824,2765,95826,99],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,95822,94625],{}," value like ",[15,95825,65569],{},[15,95827,95125],{},[1327,95829,28199,95831,95833,95834,1744],{"id":95830},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,95832,94475],{}," on a string like ",[15,95835,47967],{},[20,95837,95838,95839,2765,95841,99],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,95840,2771],{},[15,95842,2764],{},[39,95844,1788],{"id":1787},[194,95846,95847,95853,95859,95863],{},[197,95848,95849],{},[758,95850,3463,95851,3396],{"href":2768},[15,95852,2771],{},[197,95854,95855],{},[758,95856,3463,95857,3396],{"href":2761},[15,95858,2764],{},[197,95860,95861],{},[758,95862,2308],{"href":2307},[197,95864,95865],{},[758,95866,42052],{"href":40763},[1817,95868,95869],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":95871},[95872,95873,95875,95876,95878,95880,95882,95883,95884,95886,95893,95903],{"id":41,"depth":88,"text":42},{"id":94567,"depth":88,"text":95874},"What round() does",{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372},{"id":94721,"depth":88,"text":95877},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":94859,"depth":88,"text":95879},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95016,"depth":88,"text":95881},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95137,"depth":88,"text":95138},{"id":95320,"depth":88,"text":95321},{"id":95468,"depth":88,"text":95885},"When to use round()",{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716,"children":95887},[95888,95890,95891,95892],{"id":95542,"depth":109,"text":95889},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95603,"depth":109,"text":95604},{"id":95689,"depth":109,"text":95690},{"id":95771,"depth":109,"text":95772},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":95894},[95895,95897,95899,95901],{"id":95793,"depth":109,"text":95896},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":95805,"depth":109,"text":95898},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":95814,"depth":109,"text":95900},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":95830,"depth":109,"text":95902},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94467,"description":95904},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":95911,"title":95912,"body":95913,"description":97098,"extension":1853,"meta":97099,"navigation":112,"path":97100,"seo":97101,"stem":97102,"__hash__":97103},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":95914,"toc":97072},[95915,95922,95928,95931,95933,95982,95986,96011,96016,96021,96026,96040,96051,96053,96072,96074,96090,96093,96104,96106,96108,96169,96173,96206,96213,96220,96223,96256,96259,96263,96266,96319,96323,96344,96350,96357,96364,96425,96433,96510,96514,96526,96535,96537,96543,96549,96553,96606,96609,96667,96671,96679,96682,96686,96689,96699,96701,96798,96801,96812,96815,96858,96862,96886,96889,96895,96897,96901,96926,96928,96995,97004,97006,97012,97017,97021,97024,97028,97035,97039,97044,97046,97063,97069],[10,95916,95918,95919,18],{"id":95917},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,95920,95921],{},"add()",[20,95923,95924,95927],{},[15,95925,95926],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,95929,95930],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[39,95932,42],{"id":41},[44,95934,95936],{"className":46,"code":95935,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,95937,95938,95958,95972],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95939,95940,95942,95944,95946,95948,95950,95952,95954,95956],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95941,60],{"class":59},[53,95943,31],{"class":63},[53,95945,10379],{"class":66},[53,95947,71],{"class":70},[53,95949,74],{"class":66},[53,95951,77],{"class":70},[53,95953,74],{"class":66},[53,95955,82],{"class":70},[53,95957,9197],{"class":66},[53,95959,95960,95962,95964,95966,95968,95970],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,95961,150],{"class":59},[53,95963,99],{"class":66},[53,95965,81821],{"class":102},[53,95967,127],{"class":66},[53,95969,130],{"class":70},[53,95971,133],{"class":66},[53,95973,95974,95976,95978,95980],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,95975,145],{"class":144},[53,95977,127],{"class":66},[53,95979,150],{"class":102},[53,95981,133],{"class":66},[20,95983,95984],{},[34,95985,301],{},[44,95987,95989],{"className":46,"code":95988,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,95990,95991],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95992,95993,95995,95997,95999,96001,96003,96005,96007,96009],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95994,9166],{"class":66},[53,95996,71],{"class":70},[53,95998,74],{"class":66},[53,96000,77],{"class":70},[53,96002,74],{"class":66},[53,96004,82],{"class":70},[53,96006,74],{"class":66},[53,96008,597],{"class":70},[53,96010,9197],{"class":66},[20,96012,174,96013,96015],{},[15,96014,95921],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[39,96017,184,96019,187],{"id":96018},"what-setadd-does",[15,96020,95926],{},[20,96022,96023,96025],{},[15,96024,95926],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[194,96027,96028,96031,96034,96037],{},[197,96029,96030],{},"Adds one item to a set",[197,96032,96033],{},"Changes the original set in place",[197,96035,96036],{},"Does not return a new set",[197,96038,96039],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,96041,96042,96043,2765,96047,99],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[758,96044,96046],{"href":96045},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[758,96048,96050],{"href":96049},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[39,96052,372],{"id":371},[44,96054,96056],{"className":46,"code":96055,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,96057,96058],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96059,96060,96062,96064,96066,96068,96070],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96061,15537],{"class":59},[53,96063,99],{"class":66},[53,96065,81821],{"class":102},[53,96067,127],{"class":66},[53,96069,23180],{"class":102},[53,96071,133],{"class":66},[20,96073,11347],{},[194,96075,96076,96081,96084],{},[197,96077,404,96078,96080],{},[15,96079,95921],{}," on an existing set",[197,96082,96083],{},"Pass exactly one item",[197,96085,96086,96087],{},"The item must be ",[34,96088,96089],{},"hashable",[20,96091,96092],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[194,96094,96095,96097,96099,96102],{},[197,96096,981],{},[197,96098,984],{},[197,96100,96101],{},"Tuples",[197,96103,987],{},[39,96105,11364],{"id":11363},[20,96107,11367],{},[44,96109,96111],{"className":46,"code":96110,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96112,96113,96137,96155,96159],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96114,96115,96117,96119,96121,96123,96125,96127,96129,96131,96133,96135],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96116,1025],{"class":59},[53,96118,31],{"class":63},[53,96120,10379],{"class":66},[53,96122,229],{"class":228},[53,96124,1034],{"class":232},[53,96126,229],{"class":228},[53,96128,74],{"class":66},[53,96130,240],{"class":228},[53,96132,1043],{"class":232},[53,96134,229],{"class":228},[53,96136,9197],{"class":66},[53,96138,96139,96141,96143,96145,96147,96149,96151,96153],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,96140,1115],{"class":59},[53,96142,99],{"class":66},[53,96144,81821],{"class":102},[53,96146,127],{"class":66},[53,96148,229],{"class":228},[53,96150,17324],{"class":232},[53,96152,229],{"class":228},[53,96154,133],{"class":66},[53,96156,96157],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,96158,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,96160,96161,96163,96165,96167],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,96162,145],{"class":144},[53,96164,127],{"class":66},[53,96166,1115],{"class":102},[53,96168,133],{"class":66},[20,96170,96171],{},[34,96172,29901],{},[44,96174,96176],{"className":46,"code":96175,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,96177,96178],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96179,96180,96182,96184,96186,96188,96190,96192,96194,96196,96198,96200,96202,96204],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96181,9166],{"class":66},[53,96183,314],{"class":228},[53,96185,1034],{"class":232},[53,96187,314],{"class":228},[53,96189,74],{"class":66},[53,96191,323],{"class":228},[53,96193,17324],{"class":232},[53,96195,314],{"class":228},[53,96197,74],{"class":66},[53,96199,323],{"class":228},[53,96201,1043],{"class":232},[53,96203,314],{"class":228},[53,96205,9197],{"class":66},[20,96207,96208,96209,96212],{},"The new value ",[15,96210,96211],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,96214,96215,96216,96219],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[34,96217,96218],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,96221,96222],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[44,96224,96226],{"className":46,"code":96225,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,96227,96228],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96229,96230,96232,96234,96236,96238,96240,96242,96244,96246,96248,96250,96252,96254],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96231,9166],{"class":66},[53,96233,314],{"class":228},[53,96235,1043],{"class":232},[53,96237,314],{"class":228},[53,96239,74],{"class":66},[53,96241,323],{"class":228},[53,96243,1034],{"class":232},[53,96245,314],{"class":228},[53,96247,74],{"class":66},[53,96249,323],{"class":228},[53,96251,17324],{"class":232},[53,96253,314],{"class":228},[53,96255,9197],{"class":66},[20,96257,96258],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[39,96260,96262],{"id":96261},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,96264,96265],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[44,96267,96269],{"className":46,"code":96268,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96270,96271,96291,96305,96309],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96272,96273,96275,96277,96279,96281,96283,96285,96287,96289],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96274,60],{"class":59},[53,96276,31],{"class":63},[53,96278,10379],{"class":66},[53,96280,71],{"class":70},[53,96282,74],{"class":66},[53,96284,77],{"class":70},[53,96286,74],{"class":66},[53,96288,82],{"class":70},[53,96290,9197],{"class":66},[53,96292,96293,96295,96297,96299,96301,96303],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,96294,150],{"class":59},[53,96296,99],{"class":66},[53,96298,81821],{"class":102},[53,96300,127],{"class":66},[53,96302,1589],{"class":70},[53,96304,133],{"class":66},[53,96306,96307],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,96308,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,96310,96311,96313,96315,96317],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,96312,145],{"class":144},[53,96314,127],{"class":66},[53,96316,150],{"class":102},[53,96318,133],{"class":66},[20,96320,96321],{},[34,96322,301],{},[44,96324,96326],{"className":46,"code":96325,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,96327,96328],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96329,96330,96332,96334,96336,96338,96340,96342],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96331,9166],{"class":66},[53,96333,71],{"class":70},[53,96335,74],{"class":66},[53,96337,77],{"class":70},[53,96339,74],{"class":66},[53,96341,82],{"class":70},[53,96343,9197],{"class":66},[20,96345,96346,96347,96349],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,96348,1589],{}," was already present.",[39,96351,96353,10474,96355],{"id":96352},"add-vs-update",[15,96354,95921],{},[15,96356,14825],{},[20,96358,174,96359,96361,96362,99],{},[15,96360,95921],{}," when you want to add ",[34,96363,52528],{},[44,96365,96367],{"className":46,"code":96366,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96368,96369,96393,96411,96415],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96370,96371,96373,96375,96377,96379,96381,96383,96385,96387,96389,96391],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96372,35966],{"class":59},[53,96374,31],{"class":63},[53,96376,10379],{"class":66},[53,96378,229],{"class":228},[53,96380,758],{"class":232},[53,96382,229],{"class":228},[53,96384,74],{"class":66},[53,96386,240],{"class":228},[53,96388,1376],{"class":232},[53,96390,229],{"class":228},[53,96392,9197],{"class":66},[53,96394,96395,96397,96399,96401,96403,96405,96407,96409],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,96396,36019],{"class":59},[53,96398,99],{"class":66},[53,96400,81821],{"class":102},[53,96402,127],{"class":66},[53,96404,229],{"class":228},[53,96406,9628],{"class":232},[53,96408,229],{"class":228},[53,96410,133],{"class":66},[53,96412,96413],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,96414,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,96416,96417,96419,96421,96423],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,96418,145],{"class":144},[53,96420,127],{"class":66},[53,96422,36019],{"class":102},[53,96424,133],{"class":66},[20,96426,174,96427,96361,96429,96432],{},[15,96428,14825],{},[34,96430,96431],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[44,96434,96436],{"className":46,"code":96435,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96437,96438,96462,96496,96500],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96439,96440,96442,96444,96446,96448,96450,96452,96454,96456,96458,96460],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96441,35966],{"class":59},[53,96443,31],{"class":63},[53,96445,10379],{"class":66},[53,96447,229],{"class":228},[53,96449,758],{"class":232},[53,96451,229],{"class":228},[53,96453,74],{"class":66},[53,96455,240],{"class":228},[53,96457,1376],{"class":232},[53,96459,229],{"class":228},[53,96461,9197],{"class":66},[53,96463,96464,96466,96468,96470,96472,96474,96476,96478,96480,96482,96484,96486,96488,96490,96492,96494],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,96465,36019],{"class":59},[53,96467,99],{"class":66},[53,96469,30336],{"class":102},[53,96471,2873],{"class":66},[53,96473,229],{"class":228},[53,96475,9628],{"class":232},[53,96477,229],{"class":228},[53,96479,74],{"class":66},[53,96481,240],{"class":228},[53,96483,18635],{"class":232},[53,96485,229],{"class":228},[53,96487,74],{"class":66},[53,96489,240],{"class":228},[53,96491,60161],{"class":232},[53,96493,229],{"class":228},[53,96495,3777],{"class":66},[53,96497,96498],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,96499,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,96501,96502,96504,96506,96508],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,96503,145],{"class":144},[53,96505,127],{"class":66},[53,96507,36019],{"class":102},[53,96509,133],{"class":66},[1327,96511,96513],{"id":96512},"key-difference","Key difference",[194,96515,96516,96521],{},[197,96517,96518,96520],{},[15,96519,95921],{}," adds one item",[197,96522,96523,96525],{},[15,96524,14825],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,96527,96528,96529,99],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[758,96530,96532,96533,1316],{"href":96531},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,96534,14825],{},[39,96536,998],{"id":997},[20,96538,96539,2285,96541,99],{},[15,96540,95926],{},[15,96542,3664],{},[20,96544,96545,96546,96548],{},"That means you should ",[34,96547,36],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[1327,96550,96552],{"id":96551},"correct","Correct",[44,96554,96556],{"className":46,"code":96555,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96557,96558,96578,96592,96596],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96559,96560,96562,96564,96566,96568,96570,96572,96574,96576],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96561,15499],{"class":59},[53,96563,31],{"class":63},[53,96565,10379],{"class":66},[53,96567,71],{"class":70},[53,96569,74],{"class":66},[53,96571,77],{"class":70},[53,96573,74],{"class":66},[53,96575,82],{"class":70},[53,96577,9197],{"class":66},[53,96579,96580,96582,96584,96586,96588,96590],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,96581,15537],{"class":59},[53,96583,99],{"class":66},[53,96585,81821],{"class":102},[53,96587,127],{"class":66},[53,96589,130],{"class":70},[53,96591,133],{"class":66},[53,96593,96594],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,96595,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,96597,96598,96600,96602,96604],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,96599,145],{"class":144},[53,96601,127],{"class":66},[53,96603,15537],{"class":102},[53,96605,133],{"class":66},[1327,96607,96608],{"id":61483},"Wrong",[44,96610,96612],{"className":46,"code":96611,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96613,96614,96634,96653,96657],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96615,96616,96618,96620,96622,96624,96626,96628,96630,96632],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96617,15499],{"class":59},[53,96619,31],{"class":63},[53,96621,10379],{"class":66},[53,96623,71],{"class":70},[53,96625,74],{"class":66},[53,96627,77],{"class":70},[53,96629,74],{"class":66},[53,96631,82],{"class":70},[53,96633,9197],{"class":66},[53,96635,96636,96638,96640,96643,96645,96647,96649,96651],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,96637,15499],{"class":59},[53,96639,31],{"class":63},[53,96641,96642],{"class":59}," my_set",[53,96644,99],{"class":66},[53,96646,81821],{"class":102},[53,96648,127],{"class":66},[53,96650,130],{"class":70},[53,96652,133],{"class":66},[53,96654,96655],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,96656,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,96658,96659,96661,96663,96665],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,96660,145],{"class":144},[53,96662,127],{"class":66},[53,96664,15537],{"class":102},[53,96666,133],{"class":66},[20,96668,96669],{},[34,96670,301],{},[44,96672,96673],{"className":46,"code":11698,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,96674,96675],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96676,96677],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96678,11698],{"class":3739},[20,96680,96681],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[39,96683,96685],{"id":96684},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,96687,96688],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[194,96690,96691,96693,96695,96697],{},[197,96692,981],{},[197,96694,984],{},[197,96696,96101],{},[197,96698,987],{},[20,96700,211],{},[44,96702,96704],{"className":46,"code":96703,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,96705,96706,96716,96720,96734,96752,96770,96784,96788],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96707,96708,96710,96712,96714],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96709,7667],{"class":59},[53,96711,31],{"class":63},[53,96713,15504],{"class":1704},[53,96715,106],{"class":66},[53,96717,96718],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,96719,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,96721,96722,96724,96726,96728,96730,96732],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,96723,7696],{"class":59},[53,96725,99],{"class":66},[53,96727,81821],{"class":102},[53,96729,127],{"class":66},[53,96731,1188],{"class":70},[53,96733,133],{"class":66},[53,96735,96736,96738,96740,96742,96744,96746,96748,96750],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,96737,7696],{"class":59},[53,96739,99],{"class":66},[53,96741,81821],{"class":102},[53,96743,127],{"class":66},[53,96745,229],{"class":228},[53,96747,3732],{"class":232},[53,96749,229],{"class":228},[53,96751,133],{"class":66},[53,96753,96754,96756,96758,96760,96762,96764,96766,96768],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,96755,7696],{"class":59},[53,96757,99],{"class":66},[53,96759,81821],{"class":102},[53,96761,5395],{"class":66},[53,96763,71],{"class":70},[53,96765,74],{"class":66},[53,96767,77],{"class":70},[53,96769,1713],{"class":66},[53,96771,96772,96774,96776,96778,96780,96782],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,96773,7696],{"class":59},[53,96775,99],{"class":66},[53,96777,81821],{"class":102},[53,96779,127],{"class":66},[53,96781,3492],{"class":3739},[53,96783,133],{"class":66},[53,96785,96786],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,96787,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,96789,96790,96792,96794,96796],{"class":55,"line":6312},[53,96791,145],{"class":144},[53,96793,127],{"class":66},[53,96795,7696],{"class":102},[53,96797,133],{"class":66},[20,96799,96800],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[194,96802,96803,96806,96809],{},[197,96804,96805],{},"Lists",[197,96807,96808],{},"Dictionaries",[197,96810,96811],{},"Sets",[20,96813,96814],{},"Example that causes an error:",[44,96816,96818],{"className":46,"code":96817,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,96819,96820,96840],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96821,96822,96824,96826,96828,96830,96832,96834,96836,96838],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96823,7667],{"class":59},[53,96825,31],{"class":63},[53,96827,10379],{"class":66},[53,96829,71],{"class":70},[53,96831,74],{"class":66},[53,96833,77],{"class":70},[53,96835,74],{"class":66},[53,96837,82],{"class":70},[53,96839,9197],{"class":66},[53,96841,96842,96844,96846,96848,96850,96852,96854,96856],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,96843,7696],{"class":59},[53,96845,99],{"class":66},[53,96847,81821],{"class":102},[53,96849,2873],{"class":66},[53,96851,130],{"class":70},[53,96853,74],{"class":66},[53,96855,4491],{"class":70},[53,96857,3777],{"class":66},[20,96859,96860],{},[34,96861,29552],{},[44,96863,96865],{"className":46,"code":96864,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,96866,96867],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96868,96869,96871,96873,96876,96878,96880,96882,96884],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96870,2892],{"class":1704},[53,96872,192],{"class":66},[53,96874,96875],{"class":59}," unhashable ",[53,96877,1705],{"class":1704},[53,96879,192],{"class":66},[53,96881,323],{"class":228},[53,96883,7979],{"class":232},[53,96885,29571],{"class":228},[20,96887,96888],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,96890,96891,96892,99],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,96893,96894],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[39,96896,2716],{"id":2715},[20,96898,14606,96899,192],{},[15,96900,95926],{},[194,96902,96903,96908,96913,96916,96923],{},[197,96904,485,96905,96907],{},[15,96906,95921],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[197,96909,8339,96910,96912],{},[15,96911,95921],{}," to return the updated set",[197,96914,96915],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[197,96917,37078,96918,96920,96921],{},[15,96919,95926],{}," with list ",[15,96922,1315],{},[197,96924,96925],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,96927,71221],{},[44,96929,96931],{"className":46,"code":96930,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,96932,96933,96943,96957,96967,96981],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96934,96935,96937,96939,96941],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96936,145],{"class":144},[53,96938,127],{"class":66},[53,96940,15537],{"class":102},[53,96942,133],{"class":66},[53,96944,96945,96947,96949,96951,96953,96955],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,96946,145],{"class":144},[53,96948,127],{"class":66},[53,96950,1705],{"class":1704},[53,96952,127],{"class":66},[53,96954,15537],{"class":102},[53,96956,1713],{"class":66},[53,96958,96959,96961,96963,96965],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,96960,145],{"class":144},[53,96962,127],{"class":66},[53,96964,2360],{"class":102},[53,96966,133],{"class":66},[53,96968,96969,96971,96973,96975,96977,96979],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,96970,145],{"class":144},[53,96972,127],{"class":66},[53,96974,1705],{"class":1704},[53,96976,127],{"class":66},[53,96978,2360],{"class":102},[53,96980,1713],{"class":66},[53,96982,96983,96985,96987,96989,96991,96993],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,96984,32025],{"class":144},[53,96986,127],{"class":66},[53,96988,6173],{"class":1704},[53,96990,99],{"class":66},[53,96992,81821],{"class":24620},[53,96994,133],{"class":66},[20,96996,96997,96998,97000,97001,99],{},"Also remember that ",[15,96999,95926],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[758,97002,52918],{"href":97003},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[39,97005,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,97007,1729,97009,97011],{"id":97008},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,97010,95926],{}," return a new set?",[20,97013,97014,97015,99],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,97016,3664],{},[1327,97018,97020],{"id":97019},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,97022,97023],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[1327,97025,97027],{"id":97026},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,97029,174,97030,10980,97033,99],{},[15,97031,97032],{},"set.update()",[15,97034,95921],{},[1327,97036,97038],{"id":97037},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,97040,97041,97042,99],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,97043,2892],{},[39,97045,1788],{"id":1787},[194,97047,97048,97052,97057],{},[197,97049,97050],{},[758,97051,96046],{"href":96045},[197,97053,97054],{},[758,97055,97056],{"href":96049},"How to create a set in Python",[197,97058,97059],{},[758,97060,96532,97061,1316],{"href":96531},[15,97062,14825],{},[20,97064,97065,97066,97068],{},"Once you understand ",[15,97067,95921],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[1817,97070,97071],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":97073},[97074,97075,97077,97078,97079,97080,97084,97088,97089,97090,97097],{"id":41,"depth":88,"text":42},{"id":96018,"depth":88,"text":97076},"What set.add() does",{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372},{"id":11363,"depth":88,"text":11364},{"id":96261,"depth":88,"text":96262},{"id":96352,"depth":88,"text":97081,"children":97082},"add() vs update()",[97083],{"id":96512,"depth":109,"text":96513},{"id":997,"depth":88,"text":998,"children":97085},[97086,97087],{"id":96551,"depth":109,"text":96552},{"id":61483,"depth":109,"text":96608},{"id":96684,"depth":88,"text":96685},{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":97091},[97092,97094,97095,97096],{"id":97008,"depth":109,"text":97093},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97019,"depth":109,"text":97020},{"id":97026,"depth":109,"text":97027},{"id":97037,"depth":109,"text":97038},{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":95912,"description":97098},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97105,"title":97106,"body":97107,"description":98276,"extension":1853,"meta":98277,"navigation":112,"path":98278,"seo":98279,"stem":98280,"__hash__":98281},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97108,"toc":98243},[97109,97114,97120,97127,97172,97174,97185,97190,97195,97199,97213,97218,97220,97222,97237,97239,97253,97255,97257,97322,97324,97334,97336,97354,97360,97367,97372,97446,97448,97465,97471,97476,97547,97549,97576,97593,97596,97602,97604,97611,97615,97682,97684,97699,97702,97755,97757,97765,97777,97779,97783,97788,97790,97839,97841,97849,97851,97896,97898,97908,97914,97922,97935,97941,97943,97972,97974,97992,97996,97999,98030,98032,98050,98054,98129,98131,98147,98154,98156,98161,98166,98172,98175,98179,98187,98194,98202,98204,98240],[10,97110,95918,97112,18],{"id":97111},"python-set-clear-method",[15,97113,11210],{},[20,97115,97116,97119],{},[15,97117,97118],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,97121,97122,97123,97126],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[34,97124,97125],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[44,97128,97130],{"className":46,"code":97129,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97131,97132,97152,97162],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97133,97134,97136,97138,97140,97142,97144,97146,97148,97150],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97135,60],{"class":59},[53,97137,31],{"class":63},[53,97139,10379],{"class":66},[53,97141,71],{"class":70},[53,97143,74],{"class":66},[53,97145,77],{"class":70},[53,97147,74],{"class":66},[53,97149,82],{"class":70},[53,97151,9197],{"class":66},[53,97153,97154,97156,97158,97160],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,97155,150],{"class":59},[53,97157,99],{"class":66},[53,97159,11271],{"class":102},[53,97161,106],{"class":66},[53,97163,97164,97166,97168,97170],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,97165,145],{"class":144},[53,97167,127],{"class":66},[53,97169,150],{"class":102},[53,97171,133],{"class":66},[20,97173,301],{},[44,97175,97177],{"className":46,"code":97176,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set()\n",[15,97178,97179],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97180,97181,97183],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97182,6173],{"class":1704},[53,97184,106],{"class":66},[20,97186,97187,97189],{},[15,97188,11210],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[39,97191,184,97193,187],{"id":97192},"what-setclear-does",[15,97194,97118],{},[20,97196,1870,97197,11301],{},[15,97198,11210],{},[194,97200,97201,97204,97206,97210],{},[197,97202,97203],{},"Removes every item from a set",[197,97205,96033],{},[197,97207,11312,97208],{},[15,97209,3664],{},[197,97211,97212],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,97214,96042,97215,71320],{},[758,97216,96046],{"href":97217},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[39,97219,372],{"id":371},[20,97221,54313],{},[44,97223,97225],{"className":46,"code":97224,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,97226,97227],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97228,97229,97231,97233,97235],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97230,15537],{"class":59},[53,97232,99],{"class":66},[53,97234,11271],{"class":102},[53,97236,106],{"class":66},[20,97238,12936],{},[194,97240,97241,97244,97247,97250],{},[197,97242,97243],{},"It takes no arguments",[197,97245,97246],{},"It empties the set",[197,97248,97249],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[197,97251,97252],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[39,97254,11364],{"id":11363},[20,97256,11367],{},[44,97258,97260],{"className":46,"code":97259,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,97261,97262,97294,97298,97308,97312],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97263,97264,97266,97268,97270,97272,97274,97276,97278,97280,97282,97284,97286,97288,97290,97292],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97265,1025],{"class":59},[53,97267,31],{"class":63},[53,97269,10379],{"class":66},[53,97271,229],{"class":228},[53,97273,1034],{"class":232},[53,97275,229],{"class":228},[53,97277,74],{"class":66},[53,97279,240],{"class":228},[53,97281,17324],{"class":232},[53,97283,229],{"class":228},[53,97285,74],{"class":66},[53,97287,240],{"class":228},[53,97289,1043],{"class":232},[53,97291,229],{"class":228},[53,97293,9197],{"class":66},[53,97295,97296],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,97297,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,97299,97300,97302,97304,97306],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,97301,1115],{"class":59},[53,97303,99],{"class":66},[53,97305,11271],{"class":102},[53,97307,106],{"class":66},[53,97309,97310],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,97311,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,97313,97314,97316,97318,97320],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,97315,145],{"class":144},[53,97317,127],{"class":66},[53,97319,1115],{"class":102},[53,97321,133],{"class":66},[20,97323,301],{},[44,97325,97326],{"className":46,"code":97176,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,97327,97328],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97329,97330,97332],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97331,6173],{"class":1704},[53,97333,106],{"class":66},[20,97335,11573],{},[194,97337,97338,97343,97348],{},[197,97339,97340,97342],{},[15,97341,1115],{}," starts with three values",[197,97344,97345,11586],{},[15,97346,97347],{},"colors.clear()",[197,97349,97350,97351,97353],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,97352,3683],{},", which means an empty set",[39,97355,97357,97359],{"id":97356},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,97358,11210],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,97361,97362,960,97364,97366],{},[15,97363,11210],{},[15,97365,3683],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[1327,97368,485,97370],{"id":97369},"using-clear",[15,97371,11210],{},[44,97373,97375],{"className":46,"code":97374,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97376,97377,97397,97407,97411,97421,97425,97435],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97378,97379,97381,97383,97385,97387,97389,97391,97393,97395],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97380,7667],{"class":59},[53,97382,31],{"class":63},[53,97384,10379],{"class":66},[53,97386,71],{"class":70},[53,97388,74],{"class":66},[53,97390,77],{"class":70},[53,97392,74],{"class":66},[53,97394,82],{"class":70},[53,97396,9197],{"class":66},[53,97398,97399,97402,97404],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,97400,97401],{"class":59},"other_name ",[53,97403,31],{"class":63},[53,97405,97406],{"class":59}," items\n",[53,97408,97409],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,97410,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,97412,97413,97415,97417,97419],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,97414,7696],{"class":59},[53,97416,99],{"class":66},[53,97418,11271],{"class":102},[53,97420,106],{"class":66},[53,97422,97423],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,97424,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,97426,97427,97429,97431,97433],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,97428,145],{"class":144},[53,97430,127],{"class":66},[53,97432,7696],{"class":102},[53,97434,133],{"class":66},[53,97436,97437,97439,97441,97444],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,97438,145],{"class":144},[53,97440,127],{"class":66},[53,97442,97443],{"class":102},"other_name",[53,97445,133],{"class":66},[20,97447,301],{},[44,97449,97451],{"className":46,"code":97450,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set()\nset()\n",[15,97452,97453,97459],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97454,97455,97457],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97456,6173],{"class":1704},[53,97458,106],{"class":66},[53,97460,97461,97463],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,97462,6173],{"class":1704},[53,97464,106],{"class":66},[20,97466,97467,97468,99],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[34,97469,97470],{},"same set object",[1327,97472,485,97474],{"id":97473},"using-set",[15,97475,3683],{},[44,97477,97479],{"className":46,"code":97478,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97480,97481,97501,97509,97513,97523,97527,97537],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97482,97483,97485,97487,97489,97491,97493,97495,97497,97499],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97484,7667],{"class":59},[53,97486,31],{"class":63},[53,97488,10379],{"class":66},[53,97490,71],{"class":70},[53,97492,74],{"class":66},[53,97494,77],{"class":70},[53,97496,74],{"class":66},[53,97498,82],{"class":70},[53,97500,9197],{"class":66},[53,97502,97503,97505,97507],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,97504,97401],{"class":59},[53,97506,31],{"class":63},[53,97508,97406],{"class":59},[53,97510,97511],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,97512,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,97514,97515,97517,97519,97521],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,97516,7667],{"class":59},[53,97518,31],{"class":63},[53,97520,15504],{"class":1704},[53,97522,106],{"class":66},[53,97524,97525],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,97526,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,97528,97529,97531,97533,97535],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,97530,145],{"class":144},[53,97532,127],{"class":66},[53,97534,7696],{"class":102},[53,97536,133],{"class":66},[53,97538,97539,97541,97543,97545],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,97540,145],{"class":144},[53,97542,127],{"class":66},[53,97544,97443],{"class":102},[53,97546,133],{"class":66},[20,97548,301],{},[44,97550,97552],{"className":46,"code":97551,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97553,97554,97560],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97555,97556,97558],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97557,6173],{"class":1704},[53,97559,106],{"class":66},[53,97561,97562,97564,97566,97568,97570,97572,97574],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,97563,9166],{"class":66},[53,97565,71],{"class":70},[53,97567,74],{"class":66},[53,97569,77],{"class":70},[53,97571,74],{"class":66},[53,97573,82],{"class":70},[53,97575,9197],{"class":66},[20,97577,20639,97578,92810,97581,97584,97585,99,97587,97589,97590,97592],{},[15,97579,97580],{},"items = set()",[34,97582,97583],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,97586,7696],{},[9735,97588],{},"\nBut ",[15,97591,97443],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,97594,97595],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,97597,97598,97599,99],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[758,97600,96050],{"href":97601},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[39,97603,998],{"id":997},[20,97605,97606,32,97608,97610],{},[15,97607,11210],{},[34,97609,36],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,97612,5031,97613,99],{},[15,97614,3664],{},[44,97616,97618],{"className":46,"code":97617,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97619,97620,97640,97644,97658,97662,97672],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97621,97622,97624,97626,97628,97630,97632,97634,97636,97638],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97623,60],{"class":59},[53,97625,31],{"class":63},[53,97627,10379],{"class":66},[53,97629,71],{"class":70},[53,97631,74],{"class":66},[53,97633,77],{"class":70},[53,97635,74],{"class":66},[53,97637,82],{"class":70},[53,97639,9197],{"class":66},[53,97641,97642],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,97643,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,97645,97646,97648,97650,97652,97654,97656],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,97647,2117],{"class":59},[53,97649,31],{"class":63},[53,97651,96],{"class":59},[53,97653,99],{"class":66},[53,97655,11271],{"class":102},[53,97657,106],{"class":66},[53,97659,97660],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,97661,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,97663,97664,97666,97668,97670],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,97665,145],{"class":144},[53,97667,127],{"class":66},[53,97669,2152],{"class":102},[53,97671,133],{"class":66},[53,97673,97674,97676,97678,97680],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,97675,145],{"class":144},[53,97677,127],{"class":66},[53,97679,150],{"class":102},[53,97681,133],{"class":66},[20,97683,301],{},[44,97685,97687],{"className":46,"code":97686,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"None\nset()\n",[15,97688,97689,97693],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97690,97691],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97692,11698],{"class":3739},[53,97694,97695,97697],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,97696,6173],{"class":1704},[53,97698,106],{"class":66},[20,97700,97701],{},"Do not do this:",[44,97703,97705],{"className":46,"code":97704,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97706,97707,97727,97741,97745],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97708,97709,97711,97713,97715,97717,97719,97721,97723,97725],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97710,60],{"class":59},[53,97712,31],{"class":63},[53,97714,10379],{"class":66},[53,97716,71],{"class":70},[53,97718,74],{"class":66},[53,97720,77],{"class":70},[53,97722,74],{"class":66},[53,97724,82],{"class":70},[53,97726,9197],{"class":66},[53,97728,97729,97731,97733,97735,97737,97739],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,97730,60],{"class":59},[53,97732,31],{"class":63},[53,97734,96],{"class":59},[53,97736,99],{"class":66},[53,97738,11271],{"class":102},[53,97740,106],{"class":66},[53,97742,97743],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,97744,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,97746,97747,97749,97751,97753],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,97748,145],{"class":144},[53,97750,127],{"class":66},[53,97752,150],{"class":102},[53,97754,133],{"class":66},[20,97756,301],{},[44,97758,97759],{"className":46,"code":11698,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,97760,97761],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97762,97763],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97764,11698],{"class":3739},[20,97766,22058,97767,2285,97769,97771,97772,97774,97775,99],{},[15,97768,54426],{},[15,97770,3664],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,97773,3664],{}," back to ",[15,97776,150],{},[39,97778,1320],{"id":1319},[20,97780,10635,97781,99],{},[15,97782,97118],{},[1327,97784,12482,97786],{"id":97785},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,97787,11210],{},[20,97789,16514],{},[44,97791,97793],{"className":46,"code":97792,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97794,97795,97815,97829],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97796,97797,97799,97801,97803,97805,97807,97809,97811,97813],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97798,15499],{"class":59},[53,97800,31],{"class":63},[53,97802,10379],{"class":66},[53,97804,71],{"class":70},[53,97806,74],{"class":66},[53,97808,77],{"class":70},[53,97810,74],{"class":66},[53,97812,82],{"class":70},[53,97814,9197],{"class":66},[53,97816,97817,97819,97821,97823,97825,97827],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,97818,15499],{"class":59},[53,97820,31],{"class":63},[53,97822,96642],{"class":59},[53,97824,99],{"class":66},[53,97826,11271],{"class":102},[53,97828,106],{"class":66},[53,97830,97831,97833,97835,97837],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,97832,145],{"class":144},[53,97834,127],{"class":66},[53,97836,15537],{"class":102},[53,97838,133],{"class":66},[20,97840,301],{},[44,97842,97843],{"className":46,"code":11698,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,97844,97845],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97846,97847],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97848,11698],{"class":3739},[20,97850,1015],{},[44,97852,97854],{"className":46,"code":97853,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97855,97856,97876,97886],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97857,97858,97860,97862,97864,97866,97868,97870,97872,97874],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97859,15499],{"class":59},[53,97861,31],{"class":63},[53,97863,10379],{"class":66},[53,97865,71],{"class":70},[53,97867,74],{"class":66},[53,97869,77],{"class":70},[53,97871,74],{"class":66},[53,97873,82],{"class":70},[53,97875,9197],{"class":66},[53,97877,97878,97880,97882,97884],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,97879,15537],{"class":59},[53,97881,99],{"class":66},[53,97883,11271],{"class":102},[53,97885,106],{"class":66},[53,97887,97888,97890,97892,97894],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,97889,145],{"class":144},[53,97891,127],{"class":66},[53,97893,15537],{"class":102},[53,97895,133],{"class":66},[20,97897,301],{},[44,97899,97900],{"className":46,"code":97176,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,97901,97902],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97903,97904,97906],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97905,6173],{"class":1704},[53,97907,106],{"class":66},[1327,97909,8339,97911,97913],{"id":97910},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,97912,11210],{}," to remove only one item",[20,97915,97916,97918,97919,97921],{},[15,97917,11210],{}," removes ",[34,97920,3601],{}," items from the set.",[20,97923,97924,97925,2765,97930,99],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[758,97926,97928],{"href":97927},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,97929,55393],{},[758,97931,97933],{"href":97932},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,97934,12650],{},[1327,97936,485,97938,97940],{"id":97937},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,97939,3678],{}," for an empty set",[20,97942,25560],{},[44,97944,97946],{"className":46,"code":97945,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,97947,97948,97957],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97949,97950,97953,97955],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97951,97952],{"class":59},"empty_value ",[53,97954,31],{"class":63},[53,97956,9727],{"class":66},[53,97958,97959,97961,97963,97965,97967,97970],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,97960,145],{"class":144},[53,97962,127],{"class":66},[53,97964,1705],{"class":1704},[53,97966,127],{"class":66},[53,97968,97969],{"class":102},"empty_value",[53,97971,1713],{"class":66},[20,97973,301],{},[44,97975,97976],{"className":46,"code":8695,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,97977,97978],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97979,97980,97982,97984,97986,97988,97990],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97981,3178],{"class":63},[53,97983,3181],{"class":1954},[53,97985,323],{"class":228},[53,97987,8708],{"class":232},[53,97989,314],{"class":228},[53,97991,3190],{"class":63},[20,97993,97994,8675],{},[15,97995,3678],{},[20,97997,97998],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[44,98000,98002],{"className":46,"code":98001,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98003,98004,98015],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98005,98006,98009,98011,98013],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98007,98008],{"class":59},"empty_set ",[53,98010,31],{"class":63},[53,98012,15504],{"class":1704},[53,98014,106],{"class":66},[53,98016,98017,98019,98021,98023,98025,98028],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,98018,145],{"class":144},[53,98020,127],{"class":66},[53,98022,1705],{"class":1704},[53,98024,127],{"class":66},[53,98026,98027],{"class":102},"empty_set",[53,98029,1713],{"class":66},[20,98031,301],{},[44,98033,98034],{"className":46,"code":8739,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,98035,98036],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98037,98038,98040,98042,98044,98046,98048],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98039,3178],{"class":63},[53,98041,3181],{"class":1954},[53,98043,323],{"class":228},[53,98045,6173],{"class":232},[53,98047,314],{"class":228},[53,98049,3190],{"class":63},[1327,98051,98053],{"id":98052},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[44,98055,98057],{"className":46,"code":98056,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,98058,98059,98083,98091,98095,98105,98109,98119],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98060,98061,98063,98065,98067,98069,98071,98073,98075,98077,98079,98081],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98062,1345],{"class":59},[53,98064,31],{"class":63},[53,98066,10379],{"class":66},[53,98068,229],{"class":228},[53,98070,2060],{"class":232},[53,98072,229],{"class":228},[53,98074,74],{"class":66},[53,98076,240],{"class":228},[53,98078,11635],{"class":232},[53,98080,229],{"class":228},[53,98082,9197],{"class":66},[53,98084,98085,98087,98089],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,98086,1366],{"class":59},[53,98088,31],{"class":63},[53,98090,1371],{"class":59},[53,98092,98093],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,98094,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,98096,98097,98099,98101,98103],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,98098,758],{"class":59},[53,98100,99],{"class":66},[53,98102,11271],{"class":102},[53,98104,106],{"class":66},[53,98106,98107],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,98108,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,98110,98111,98113,98115,98117],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,98112,145],{"class":144},[53,98114,127],{"class":66},[53,98116,758],{"class":102},[53,98118,133],{"class":66},[53,98120,98121,98123,98125,98127],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,98122,145],{"class":144},[53,98124,127],{"class":66},[53,98126,1376],{"class":102},[53,98128,133],{"class":66},[20,98130,301],{},[44,98132,98133],{"className":46,"code":97450,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,98134,98135,98141],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98136,98137,98139],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98138,6173],{"class":1704},[53,98140,106],{"class":66},[53,98142,98143,98145],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,98144,6173],{"class":1704},[53,98146,106],{"class":66},[20,98148,28932,98149,960,98151,98153],{},[15,98150,758],{},[15,98152,1376],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[39,98155,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,98157,5025,98159,5028],{"id":98158},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,98160,97118],{},[20,98162,5031,98163,98165],{},[15,98164,3664],{},". It empties the set in place.",[1327,98167,1729,98169,98171],{"id":98168},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,98170,11210],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,98173,98174],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[1327,98176,98178],{"id":98177},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,98180,98181,98182,98184,98185,99],{},"You already have one after ",[15,98183,11210],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,98186,3683],{},[1327,98188,1739,98190,960,98192,1744],{"id":98189},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,98191,11210],{},[15,98193,3683],{},[20,98195,98196,98198,98199,98201],{},[15,98197,11210],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,98200,3683],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[39,98203,1788],{"id":1787},[194,98205,98206,98210,98214,98221,98227,98233],{},[197,98207,98208],{},[758,98209,96046],{"href":97217},[197,98211,98212],{},[758,98213,97056],{"href":97601},[197,98215,98216],{},[758,98217,96532,98219,1316],{"href":98218},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,98220,95921],{},[197,98222,98223],{},[758,98224,96532,98225,1316],{"href":97927},[15,98226,55393],{},[197,98228,98229],{},[758,98230,96532,98231,1316],{"href":97932},[15,98232,12650],{},[197,98234,98235],{},[758,98236,96532,98238,1316],{"href":98237},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,98239,14825],{},[1817,98241,98242],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":98244},[98245,98247,98248,98249,98256,98257,98266,98275],{"id":97192,"depth":88,"text":98246},"What set.clear() does",{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372},{"id":11363,"depth":88,"text":11364},{"id":97356,"depth":88,"text":98250,"children":98251},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98252,98254],{"id":97369,"depth":109,"text":98253},"Using clear()",{"id":97473,"depth":109,"text":98255},"Using set()",{"id":997,"depth":88,"text":998},{"id":1319,"depth":88,"text":1320,"children":98258},[98259,98261,98263,98265],{"id":97785,"depth":109,"text":98260},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":97910,"depth":109,"text":98262},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":97937,"depth":109,"text":98264},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98052,"depth":109,"text":98053},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":98267},[98268,98270,98272,98273],{"id":98158,"depth":109,"text":98269},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98168,"depth":109,"text":98271},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98177,"depth":109,"text":98178},{"id":98189,"depth":109,"text":98274},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97106,"description":98276},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98283,"title":98284,"body":98285,"description":100117,"extension":1853,"meta":100118,"navigation":112,"path":96049,"seo":100119,"stem":100120,"__hash__":100121},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98286,"toc":100074},[98287,98290,98293,98296,98298,98401,98405,98452,98458,98460,98479,98483,98486,98488,98502,98511,98515,98518,98553,98557,98577,98580,98584,98587,98648,98652,98677,98684,98690,98695,98697,98709,98713,98762,98766,98790,98797,98801,98842,98846,98867,98871,98904,98908,98949,98952,98956,98961,99000,99004,99029,99034,99040,99077,99081,99104,99108,99110,99113,99116,99193,99197,99234,99237,99241,99247,99250,99260,99309,99315,99321,99348,99351,99373,99375,99406,99409,99413,99417,99456,99460,99523,99526,99559,99563,99588,99590,99593,99599,99602,99629,99632,99650,99654,99658,99661,99704,99707,99711,99714,99717,99747,99750,99754,99757,99772,99777,99781,99784,99873,99875,99878,99968,99971,99989,99991,99995,100005,100009,100017,100021,100024,100028,100031,100035,100038,100040,100068,100071],[10,98288,98284],{"id":98289},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,98291,98292],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,98294,98295],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[39,98297,3497],{"id":3496},[44,98299,98301],{"className":46,"code":98300,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,98302,98303,98323,98357,98367,98371,98381,98391],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98304,98305,98307,98309,98311,98313,98315,98317,98319,98321],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98306,60],{"class":59},[53,98308,31],{"class":63},[53,98310,10379],{"class":66},[53,98312,71],{"class":70},[53,98314,74],{"class":66},[53,98316,77],{"class":70},[53,98318,74],{"class":66},[53,98320,82],{"class":70},[53,98322,9197],{"class":66},[53,98324,98325,98327,98329,98331,98333,98335,98337,98339,98341,98343,98345,98347,98349,98351,98353,98355],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,98326,3959],{"class":59},[53,98328,31],{"class":63},[53,98330,15504],{"class":1704},[53,98332,2873],{"class":66},[53,98334,229],{"class":228},[53,98336,233],{"class":232},[53,98338,229],{"class":228},[53,98340,74],{"class":66},[53,98342,240],{"class":228},[53,98344,243],{"class":232},[53,98346,229],{"class":228},[53,98348,74],{"class":66},[53,98350,240],{"class":228},[53,98352,233],{"class":232},[53,98354,229],{"class":228},[53,98356,3777],{"class":66},[53,98358,98359,98361,98363,98365],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,98360,98008],{"class":59},[53,98362,31],{"class":63},[53,98364,15504],{"class":1704},[53,98366,106],{"class":66},[53,98368,98369],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,98370,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,98372,98373,98375,98377,98379],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,98374,145],{"class":144},[53,98376,127],{"class":66},[53,98378,150],{"class":102},[53,98380,133],{"class":66},[53,98382,98383,98385,98387,98389],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,98384,145],{"class":144},[53,98386,127],{"class":66},[53,98388,4001],{"class":102},[53,98390,133],{"class":66},[53,98392,98393,98395,98397,98399],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,98394,145],{"class":144},[53,98396,127],{"class":66},[53,98398,98027],{"class":102},[53,98400,133],{"class":66},[20,98402,98403],{},[34,98404,301],{},[44,98406,98408],{"className":46,"code":98407,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98409,98410,98426,98446],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98411,98412,98414,98416,98418,98420,98422,98424],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98413,9166],{"class":66},[53,98415,71],{"class":70},[53,98417,74],{"class":66},[53,98419,77],{"class":70},[53,98421,74],{"class":66},[53,98423,82],{"class":70},[53,98425,9197],{"class":66},[53,98427,98428,98430,98432,98434,98436,98438,98440,98442,98444],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,98429,9166],{"class":66},[53,98431,314],{"class":228},[53,98433,243],{"class":232},[53,98435,314],{"class":228},[53,98437,74],{"class":66},[53,98439,323],{"class":228},[53,98441,233],{"class":232},[53,98443,314],{"class":228},[53,98445,9197],{"class":66},[53,98447,98448,98450],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,98449,6173],{"class":1704},[53,98451,106],{"class":66},[20,98453,98454,98455,98457],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,98456,3683],{}," for an empty set.",[39,98459,15033],{"id":15032},[194,98461,98462,98465,98470,98473,98476],{},[197,98463,98464],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[197,98466,98467,98468],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,98469,3683],{},[197,98471,98472],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[197,98474,98475],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[197,98477,98478],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[39,98480,98482],{"id":98481},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,98484,98485],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,98487,30412],{},[194,98489,98490,98493,98496,98499],{},[197,98491,98492],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[197,98494,98495],{},"Sets are unordered",[197,98497,98498],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[197,98500,98501],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,98503,98504,98505,2765,98507,99],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[758,98506,96046],{"href":97217},[758,98508,98510],{"href":98509},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[39,98512,98514],{"id":98513},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,98516,98517],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[44,98519,98521],{"className":46,"code":98520,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98522,98523,98543],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98524,98525,98527,98529,98531,98533,98535,98537,98539,98541],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98526,60],{"class":59},[53,98528,31],{"class":63},[53,98530,10379],{"class":66},[53,98532,71],{"class":70},[53,98534,74],{"class":66},[53,98536,77],{"class":70},[53,98538,74],{"class":66},[53,98540,82],{"class":70},[53,98542,9197],{"class":66},[53,98544,98545,98547,98549,98551],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,98546,145],{"class":144},[53,98548,127],{"class":66},[53,98550,150],{"class":102},[53,98552,133],{"class":66},[20,98554,98555],{},[34,98556,29901],{},[44,98558,98559],{"className":46,"code":96325,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,98560,98561],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98562,98563,98565,98567,98569,98571,98573,98575],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98564,9166],{"class":66},[53,98566,71],{"class":70},[53,98568,74],{"class":66},[53,98570,77],{"class":70},[53,98572,74],{"class":66},[53,98574,82],{"class":70},[53,98576,9197],{"class":66},[20,98578,98579],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[1327,98581,98583],{"id":98582},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,98585,98586],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[44,98588,98590],{"className":46,"code":98589,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,98591,98592,98624,98634],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98593,98594,98596,98598,98600,98602,98604,98606,98608,98610,98612,98614,98616,98618,98620,98622],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98595,60],{"class":59},[53,98597,31],{"class":63},[53,98599,10379],{"class":66},[53,98601,71],{"class":70},[53,98603,74],{"class":66},[53,98605,77],{"class":70},[53,98607,74],{"class":66},[53,98609,77],{"class":70},[53,98611,74],{"class":66},[53,98613,82],{"class":70},[53,98615,74],{"class":66},[53,98617,82],{"class":70},[53,98619,74],{"class":66},[53,98621,82],{"class":70},[53,98623,9197],{"class":66},[53,98625,98626,98628,98630,98632],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,98627,145],{"class":144},[53,98629,127],{"class":66},[53,98631,150],{"class":102},[53,98633,133],{"class":66},[53,98635,98636,98638,98640,98642,98644,98646],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,98637,145],{"class":144},[53,98639,127],{"class":66},[53,98641,11050],{"class":144},[53,98643,127],{"class":66},[53,98645,150],{"class":102},[53,98647,1713],{"class":66},[20,98649,98650],{},[34,98651,29901],{},[44,98653,98655],{"className":46,"code":98654,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,98656,98657,98673],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98658,98659,98661,98663,98665,98667,98669,98671],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98660,9166],{"class":66},[53,98662,71],{"class":70},[53,98664,74],{"class":66},[53,98666,77],{"class":70},[53,98668,74],{"class":66},[53,98670,82],{"class":70},[53,98672,9197],{"class":66},[53,98674,98675],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,98676,46489],{"class":70},[20,98678,20846,98679,960,98681,98683],{},[15,98680,1589],{},[15,98682,815],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[39,98685,98687,98688],{"id":98686},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,98689,3683],{},[20,98691,174,98692,98694],{},[15,98693,3683],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,98696,5341],{},[194,98698,98699,98701,98703,98705],{},[197,98700,96805],{},[197,98702,96101],{},[197,98704,984],{},[197,98706,98707],{},[15,98708,36073],{},[1327,98710,98712],{"id":98711},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[44,98714,98716],{"className":46,"code":98715,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98717,98718,98752],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98719,98720,98722,98724,98726,98728,98730,98732,98734,98736,98738,98740,98742,98744,98746,98748,98750],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98721,60],{"class":59},[53,98723,31],{"class":63},[53,98725,15504],{"class":1704},[53,98727,2873],{"class":66},[53,98729,71],{"class":70},[53,98731,74],{"class":66},[53,98733,77],{"class":70},[53,98735,74],{"class":66},[53,98737,77],{"class":70},[53,98739,74],{"class":66},[53,98741,82],{"class":70},[53,98743,74],{"class":66},[53,98745,82],{"class":70},[53,98747,74],{"class":66},[53,98749,597],{"class":70},[53,98751,3777],{"class":66},[53,98753,98754,98756,98758,98760],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,98755,145],{"class":144},[53,98757,127],{"class":66},[53,98759,150],{"class":102},[53,98761,133],{"class":66},[20,98763,98764],{},[34,98765,29901],{},[44,98767,98768],{"className":46,"code":95988,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,98769,98770],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98771,98772,98774,98776,98778,98780,98782,98784,98786,98788],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98773,9166],{"class":66},[53,98775,71],{"class":70},[53,98777,74],{"class":66},[53,98779,77],{"class":70},[53,98781,74],{"class":66},[53,98783,82],{"class":70},[53,98785,74],{"class":66},[53,98787,597],{"class":70},[53,98789,9197],{"class":66},[20,98791,98792,98793,99],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[758,98794,98796],{"href":98795},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[1327,98798,98800],{"id":98799},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[44,98802,98804],{"className":46,"code":98803,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,98805,98806,98832],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98807,98808,98810,98812,98814,98816,98818,98820,98822,98824,98826,98828,98830],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98809,3709],{"class":59},[53,98811,31],{"class":63},[53,98813,15504],{"class":1704},[53,98815,5395],{"class":66},[53,98817,1188],{"class":70},[53,98819,74],{"class":66},[53,98821,1193],{"class":70},[53,98823,74],{"class":66},[53,98825,1193],{"class":70},[53,98827,74],{"class":66},[53,98829,1198],{"class":70},[53,98831,1713],{"class":66},[53,98833,98834,98836,98838,98840],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,98835,145],{"class":144},[53,98837,127],{"class":66},[53,98839,5242],{"class":102},[53,98841,133],{"class":66},[20,98843,98844],{},[34,98845,29901],{},[44,98847,98849],{"className":46,"code":98848,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,98850,98851],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98852,98853,98855,98857,98859,98861,98863,98865],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98854,9166],{"class":66},[53,98856,1188],{"class":70},[53,98858,74],{"class":66},[53,98860,1193],{"class":70},[53,98862,74],{"class":66},[53,98864,1198],{"class":70},[53,98866,9197],{"class":66},[1327,98868,98870],{"id":98869},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[44,98872,98874],{"className":46,"code":98873,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,98875,98876,98894],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98877,98878,98880,98882,98884,98886,98888,98890,98892],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98879,35966],{"class":59},[53,98881,31],{"class":63},[53,98883,15504],{"class":1704},[53,98885,127],{"class":66},[53,98887,229],{"class":228},[53,98889,3732],{"class":232},[53,98891,229],{"class":228},[53,98893,133],{"class":66},[53,98895,98896,98898,98900,98902],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,98897,145],{"class":144},[53,98899,127],{"class":66},[53,98901,36019],{"class":102},[53,98903,133],{"class":66},[20,98905,98906],{},[34,98907,29901],{},[44,98909,98911],{"className":46,"code":98910,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,98912,98913],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98914,98915,98917,98919,98921,98923,98925,98927,98929,98931,98933,98935,98937,98939,98941,98943,98945,98947],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98916,9166],{"class":66},[53,98918,314],{"class":228},[53,98920,60152],{"class":232},[53,98922,314],{"class":228},[53,98924,74],{"class":66},[53,98926,323],{"class":228},[53,98928,60161],{"class":232},[53,98930,314],{"class":228},[53,98932,74],{"class":66},[53,98934,323],{"class":228},[53,98936,60170],{"class":232},[53,98938,314],{"class":228},[53,98940,74],{"class":66},[53,98942,323],{"class":228},[53,98944,60187],{"class":232},[53,98946,314],{"class":228},[53,98948,9197],{"class":66},[20,98950,98951],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[39,98953,98955],{"id":98954},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,98957,98958,98959,99],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,98960,3683],{},[44,98962,98964],{"className":46,"code":98963,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98965,98966,98976,98986],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98967,98968,98970,98972,98974],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98969,98008],{"class":59},[53,98971,31],{"class":63},[53,98973,15504],{"class":1704},[53,98975,106],{"class":66},[53,98977,98978,98980,98982,98984],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,98979,145],{"class":144},[53,98981,127],{"class":66},[53,98983,98027],{"class":102},[53,98985,133],{"class":66},[53,98987,98988,98990,98992,98994,98996,98998],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,98989,145],{"class":144},[53,98991,127],{"class":66},[53,98993,1705],{"class":1704},[53,98995,127],{"class":66},[53,98997,98027],{"class":102},[53,98999,1713],{"class":66},[20,99001,99002],{},[34,99003,301],{},[44,99005,99007],{"className":46,"code":99006,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,99008,99009,99015],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99010,99011,99013],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99012,6173],{"class":1704},[53,99014,106],{"class":66},[53,99016,99017,99019,99021,99023,99025,99027],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,99018,3178],{"class":63},[53,99020,3181],{"class":1954},[53,99022,323],{"class":228},[53,99024,6173],{"class":232},[53,99026,314],{"class":228},[53,99028,3190],{"class":63},[1327,99030,44300,99032],{"id":99031},"do-not-use",[15,99033,3678],{},[20,99035,99036,99037,99039],{},"Empty braces do ",[34,99038,36],{}," create a set.",[44,99041,99043],{"className":46,"code":99042,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,99044,99045,99053,99063],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99046,99047,99049,99051],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99048,97952],{"class":59},[53,99050,31],{"class":63},[53,99052,9727],{"class":66},[53,99054,99055,99057,99059,99061],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,99056,145],{"class":144},[53,99058,127],{"class":66},[53,99060,97969],{"class":102},[53,99062,133],{"class":66},[53,99064,99065,99067,99069,99071,99073,99075],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,99066,145],{"class":144},[53,99068,127],{"class":66},[53,99070,1705],{"class":1704},[53,99072,127],{"class":66},[53,99074,97969],{"class":102},[53,99076,1713],{"class":66},[20,99078,99079],{},[34,99080,301],{},[44,99082,99084],{"className":46,"code":99083,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,99085,99086,99090],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99087,99088],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99089,9323],{"class":66},[53,99091,99092,99094,99096,99098,99100,99102],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,99093,3178],{"class":63},[53,99095,3181],{"class":1954},[53,99097,323],{"class":228},[53,99099,8708],{"class":232},[53,99101,314],{"class":228},[53,99103,3190],{"class":63},[20,99105,99106,8675],{},[15,99107,3678],{},[39,99109,71984],{"id":71983},[20,99111,99112],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,99114,99115],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[44,99117,99119],{"className":46,"code":99118,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,99120,99121,99169,99179],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99122,99123,99125,99127,99129,99131,99133,99135,99137,99139,99141,99143,99145,99147,99149,99151,99153,99155,99157,99159,99161,99163,99165,99167],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99124,3959],{"class":59},[53,99126,31],{"class":63},[53,99128,10379],{"class":66},[53,99130,229],{"class":228},[53,99132,233],{"class":232},[53,99134,229],{"class":228},[53,99136,74],{"class":66},[53,99138,240],{"class":228},[53,99140,243],{"class":232},[53,99142,229],{"class":228},[53,99144,74],{"class":66},[53,99146,240],{"class":228},[53,99148,233],{"class":232},[53,99150,229],{"class":228},[53,99152,74],{"class":66},[53,99154,240],{"class":228},[53,99156,233],{"class":232},[53,99158,229],{"class":228},[53,99160,74],{"class":66},[53,99162,240],{"class":228},[53,99164,252],{"class":232},[53,99166,229],{"class":228},[53,99168,9197],{"class":66},[53,99170,99171,99173,99175,99177],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,99172,145],{"class":144},[53,99174,127],{"class":66},[53,99176,4001],{"class":102},[53,99178,133],{"class":66},[53,99180,99181,99183,99185,99187,99189,99191],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,99182,145],{"class":144},[53,99184,127],{"class":66},[53,99186,11050],{"class":144},[53,99188,127],{"class":66},[53,99190,4001],{"class":102},[53,99192,1713],{"class":66},[20,99194,99195],{},[34,99196,29901],{},[44,99198,99200],{"className":46,"code":99199,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,99201,99202,99230],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99203,99204,99206,99208,99210,99212,99214,99216,99218,99220,99222,99224,99226,99228],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99205,9166],{"class":66},[53,99207,314],{"class":228},[53,99209,243],{"class":232},[53,99211,314],{"class":228},[53,99213,74],{"class":66},[53,99215,323],{"class":228},[53,99217,252],{"class":232},[53,99219,314],{"class":228},[53,99221,74],{"class":66},[53,99223,323],{"class":228},[53,99225,233],{"class":232},[53,99227,314],{"class":228},[53,99229,9197],{"class":66},[53,99231,99232],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,99233,46489],{"class":70},[20,99235,99236],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[39,99238,99240],{"id":99239},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,99242,99243,99244,99246],{},"Set items must be ",[34,99245,96089],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,99248,99249],{},"These usually work:",[194,99251,99252,99254,99256,99258],{},[197,99253,981],{},[197,99255,984],{},[197,99257,96101],{},[197,99259,987],{},[44,99261,99263],{"className":46,"code":99262,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,99264,99265,99299],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99266,99267,99269,99271,99273,99275,99277,99279,99281,99283,99285,99287,99289,99291,99293,99295,99297],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99268,3709],{"class":59},[53,99270,31],{"class":63},[53,99272,10379],{"class":66},[53,99274,71],{"class":70},[53,99276,74],{"class":66},[53,99278,240],{"class":228},[53,99280,233],{"class":232},[53,99282,229],{"class":228},[53,99284,74],{"class":66},[53,99286,9124],{"class":66},[53,99288,1188],{"class":70},[53,99290,74],{"class":66},[53,99292,1193],{"class":70},[53,99294,9121],{"class":66},[53,99296,3804],{"class":3739},[53,99298,9197],{"class":66},[53,99300,99301,99303,99305,99307],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,99302,145],{"class":144},[53,99304,127],{"class":66},[53,99306,5242],{"class":102},[53,99308,133],{"class":66},[20,99310,99311,99312,99314],{},"These do ",[34,99313,36],{}," work directly:",[194,99316,99317,99319],{},[197,99318,96805],{},[197,99320,96808],{},[44,99322,99324],{"className":46,"code":99323,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,99325,99326],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99327,99328,99331,99333,99336,99338,99340,99342,99344,99346],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99329,99330],{"class":59},"bad_set ",[53,99332,31],{"class":63},[53,99334,99335],{"class":66}," {[",[53,99337,71],{"class":70},[53,99339,74],{"class":66},[53,99341,77],{"class":70},[53,99343,74],{"class":66},[53,99345,82],{"class":70},[53,99347,13583],{"class":66},[20,99349,99350],{},"This raises an error:",[44,99352,99353],{"className":46,"code":96864,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,99354,99355],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99356,99357,99359,99361,99363,99365,99367,99369,99371],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99358,2892],{"class":1704},[53,99360,192],{"class":66},[53,99362,96875],{"class":59},[53,99364,1705],{"class":1704},[53,99366,192],{"class":66},[53,99368,323],{"class":228},[53,99370,7979],{"class":232},[53,99372,29571],{"class":228},[20,99374,51952],{},[44,99376,99378],{"className":46,"code":99377,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99379,99380],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99381,99382,99384,99386,99389,99391,99393,99395,99397,99399,99401,99403],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99383,99330],{"class":59},[53,99385,31],{"class":63},[53,99387,99388],{"class":66}," {{",[53,99390,229],{"class":228},[53,99392,1710],{"class":232},[53,99394,229],{"class":228},[53,99396,192],{"class":66},[53,99398,240],{"class":228},[53,99400,7564],{"class":232},[53,99402,229],{"class":228},[53,99404,99405],{"class":66},"}}\n",[20,99407,99408],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[39,99410,99412],{"id":99411},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[1327,99414,99416],{"id":99415},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[44,99418,99420],{"className":46,"code":99419,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99421,99422,99446],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99423,99424,99426,99428,99430,99432,99434,99436,99438,99440,99442,99444],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99425,60],{"class":59},[53,99427,31],{"class":63},[53,99429,10379],{"class":66},[53,99431,71],{"class":70},[53,99433,74],{"class":66},[53,99435,77],{"class":70},[53,99437,74],{"class":66},[53,99439,82],{"class":70},[53,99441,74],{"class":66},[53,99443,597],{"class":70},[53,99445,9197],{"class":66},[53,99447,99448,99450,99452,99454],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,99449,145],{"class":144},[53,99451,127],{"class":66},[53,99453,150],{"class":102},[53,99455,133],{"class":66},[1327,99457,99459],{"id":99458},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[44,99461,99463],{"className":46,"code":99462,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,99464,99465,99493,99508,99512],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99466,99467,99469,99471,99473,99475,99477,99479,99481,99483,99485,99487,99489,99491],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99468,7667],{"class":59},[53,99470,31],{"class":63},[53,99472,67],{"class":66},[53,99474,71],{"class":70},[53,99476,74],{"class":66},[53,99478,5382],{"class":70},[53,99480,74],{"class":66},[53,99482,77],{"class":70},[53,99484,74],{"class":66},[53,99486,82],{"class":70},[53,99488,74],{"class":66},[53,99490,82],{"class":70},[53,99492,85],{"class":66},[53,99494,99495,99498,99500,99502,99504,99506],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,99496,99497],{"class":59},"unique_items ",[53,99499,31],{"class":63},[53,99501,15504],{"class":1704},[53,99503,127],{"class":66},[53,99505,7696],{"class":102},[53,99507,133],{"class":66},[53,99509,99510],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,99511,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,99513,99514,99516,99518,99521],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,99515,145],{"class":144},[53,99517,127],{"class":66},[53,99519,99520],{"class":102},"unique_items",[53,99522,133],{"class":66},[1327,99524,98870],{"id":99525},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[44,99527,99529],{"className":46,"code":99528,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99530,99531,99549],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99532,99533,99535,99537,99539,99541,99543,99545,99547],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99534,35966],{"class":59},[53,99536,31],{"class":63},[53,99538,15504],{"class":1704},[53,99540,127],{"class":66},[53,99542,229],{"class":228},[53,99544,243],{"class":232},[53,99546,229],{"class":228},[53,99548,133],{"class":66},[53,99550,99551,99553,99555,99557],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,99552,145],{"class":144},[53,99554,127],{"class":66},[53,99556,36019],{"class":102},[53,99558,133],{"class":66},[1327,99560,99562],{"id":99561},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[44,99564,99566],{"className":46,"code":99565,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99567,99568,99578],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99569,99570,99572,99574,99576],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99571,98008],{"class":59},[53,99573,31],{"class":63},[53,99575,15504],{"class":1704},[53,99577,106],{"class":66},[53,99579,99580,99582,99584,99586],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,99581,145],{"class":144},[53,99583,127],{"class":66},[53,99585,98027],{"class":102},[53,99587,133],{"class":66},[39,99589,2716],{"id":2715},[20,99591,99592],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[1327,99594,485,99596,99598],{"id":99595},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,99597,3678],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,99600,99601],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[44,99603,99605],{"className":46,"code":99604,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,99606,99607,99615],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99608,99609,99611,99613],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99610,2335],{"class":59},[53,99612,31],{"class":63},[53,99614,9727],{"class":66},[53,99616,99617,99619,99621,99623,99625,99627],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,99618,145],{"class":144},[53,99620,127],{"class":66},[53,99622,1705],{"class":1704},[53,99624,127],{"class":66},[53,99626,2360],{"class":102},[53,99628,1713],{"class":66},[20,99630,99631],{},"This prints:",[44,99633,99634],{"className":46,"code":8695,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,99635,99636],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99637,99638,99640,99642,99644,99646,99648],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99639,3178],{"class":63},[53,99641,3181],{"class":1954},[53,99643,323],{"class":228},[53,99645,8708],{"class":232},[53,99647,314],{"class":228},[53,99649,3190],{"class":63},[20,99651,174,99652,1408],{},[15,99653,3683],{},[1327,99655,99657],{"id":99656},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,99659,99660],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[44,99662,99664],{"className":46,"code":99663,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99665,99666,99694],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99667,99668,99670,99672,99674,99676,99678,99680,99682,99684,99686,99688,99690,99692],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99669,60],{"class":59},[53,99671,31],{"class":63},[53,99673,10379],{"class":66},[53,99675,71],{"class":70},[53,99677,74],{"class":66},[53,99679,5382],{"class":70},[53,99681,74],{"class":66},[53,99683,77],{"class":70},[53,99685,74],{"class":66},[53,99687,77],{"class":70},[53,99689,74],{"class":66},[53,99691,82],{"class":70},[53,99693,9197],{"class":66},[53,99695,99696,99698,99700,99702],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,99697,145],{"class":144},[53,99699,127],{"class":66},[53,99701,150],{"class":102},[53,99703,133],{"class":66},[20,99705,99706],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[1327,99708,99710],{"id":99709},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,99712,99713],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,99715,99716],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[44,99718,99720],{"className":46,"code":99719,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,99721,99722,99742],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99723,99724,99726,99728,99730,99732,99734,99736,99738,99740],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99725,60],{"class":59},[53,99727,31],{"class":63},[53,99729,10379],{"class":66},[53,99731,1188],{"class":70},[53,99733,74],{"class":66},[53,99735,1193],{"class":70},[53,99737,74],{"class":66},[53,99739,1198],{"class":70},[53,99741,9197],{"class":66},[53,99743,99744],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,99745,99746],{"class":156},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,99748,99749],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[1327,99751,99753],{"id":99752},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,99755,99756],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[44,99758,99760],{"className":46,"code":99759,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,99761,99762,99767],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99763,99764],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99765,99766],{"class":156},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[53,99768,99769],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,99770,99771],{"class":156},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,99773,99774,99775,99],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,99776,2892],{},[1327,99778,99780],{"id":99779},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,99782,99783],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[44,99785,99787],{"className":46,"code":99786,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,99788,99789,99809,99841,99845,99859],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99790,99791,99793,99795,99797,99799,99801,99803,99805,99807],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99792,15499],{"class":59},[53,99794,31],{"class":63},[53,99796,10379],{"class":66},[53,99798,71],{"class":70},[53,99800,74],{"class":66},[53,99802,77],{"class":70},[53,99804,74],{"class":66},[53,99806,82],{"class":70},[53,99808,9197],{"class":66},[53,99810,99811,99813,99815,99817,99819,99821,99823,99825,99827,99829,99831,99833,99835,99837,99839],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,99812,11614],{"class":59},[53,99814,31],{"class":63},[53,99816,10379],{"class":66},[53,99818,229],{"class":228},[53,99820,758],{"class":232},[53,99822,229],{"class":228},[53,99824,192],{"class":66},[53,99826,5382],{"class":70},[53,99828,74],{"class":66},[53,99830,240],{"class":228},[53,99832,1376],{"class":232},[53,99834,229],{"class":228},[53,99836,192],{"class":66},[53,99838,77],{"class":70},[53,99840,9197],{"class":66},[53,99842,99843],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,99844,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,99846,99847,99849,99851,99853,99855,99857],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,99848,145],{"class":144},[53,99850,127],{"class":66},[53,99852,1705],{"class":1704},[53,99854,127],{"class":66},[53,99856,15537],{"class":102},[53,99858,1713],{"class":66},[53,99860,99861,99863,99865,99867,99869,99871],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,99862,145],{"class":144},[53,99864,127],{"class":66},[53,99866,1705],{"class":1704},[53,99868,127],{"class":66},[53,99870,11338],{"class":102},[53,99872,1713],{"class":66},[39,99874,92501],{"id":92500},[20,99876,99877],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[44,99879,99881],{"className":46,"code":99880,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,99882,99883,99909,99913,99927,99937,99951,99958],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99884,99885,99887,99889,99891,99893,99895,99897,99899,99901,99903,99905,99907],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99886,15499],{"class":59},[53,99888,31],{"class":63},[53,99890,15504],{"class":1704},[53,99892,2873],{"class":66},[53,99894,71],{"class":70},[53,99896,74],{"class":66},[53,99898,77],{"class":70},[53,99900,74],{"class":66},[53,99902,77],{"class":70},[53,99904,74],{"class":66},[53,99906,82],{"class":70},[53,99908,3777],{"class":66},[53,99910,99911],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,99912,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,99914,99915,99917,99919,99921,99923,99925],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,99916,145],{"class":144},[53,99918,127],{"class":66},[53,99920,1705],{"class":1704},[53,99922,127],{"class":66},[53,99924,15537],{"class":102},[53,99926,1713],{"class":66},[53,99928,99929,99931,99933,99935],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,99930,145],{"class":144},[53,99932,127],{"class":66},[53,99934,15537],{"class":102},[53,99936,133],{"class":66},[53,99938,99939,99941,99943,99945,99947,99949],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,99940,145],{"class":144},[53,99942,127],{"class":66},[53,99944,11050],{"class":144},[53,99946,127],{"class":66},[53,99948,15537],{"class":102},[53,99950,1713],{"class":66},[53,99952,99953,99955],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,99954,145],{"class":144},[53,99956,99957],{"class":66},"({})\n",[53,99959,99960,99962,99964,99966],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,99961,145],{"class":144},[53,99963,127],{"class":66},[53,99965,6173],{"class":1704},[53,99967,7081],{"class":66},[20,99969,99970],{},"Use these to confirm:",[194,99972,99973,99976,99979,99982],{},[197,99974,99975],{},"The object type",[197,99977,99978],{},"The actual values stored",[197,99980,99981],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[197,99983,99984,99985,960,99987],{},"The difference between ",[15,99986,3678],{},[15,99988,3683],{},[39,99990,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,99992,99994],{"id":99993},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,99996,99997,99998,100001,100002,100004],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,99999,100000],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,100003,3683],{}," with another iterable.",[1327,100006,100008],{"id":100007},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,100010,174,100011,100013,100014,100016],{},[15,100012,3683],{},". Empty braces ",[15,100015,3678],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[1327,100018,100020],{"id":100019},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,100022,100023],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[1327,100025,100027],{"id":100026},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,100029,100030],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[1327,100032,100034],{"id":100033},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,100036,100037],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[39,100039,1788],{"id":1787},[194,100041,100042,100046,100052,100058,100063],{},[197,100043,100044],{},[758,100045,96046],{"href":97217},[197,100047,100048],{},[758,100049,3463,100050,1316],{"href":98218},[15,100051,95926],{},[197,100053,100054],{},[758,100055,3463,100056,1316],{"href":98237},[15,100057,97032],{},[197,100059,100060],{},[758,100061,100062],{"href":98795},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[197,100064,100065],{},[758,100066,100067],{"href":98509},"What is a set in Python?",[20,100069,100070],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[1817,100072,100073],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":100075},[100076,100077,100078,100079,100082,100088,100092,100093,100094,100100,100108,100109,100116],{"id":3496,"depth":88,"text":3497},{"id":15032,"depth":88,"text":15033},{"id":98481,"depth":88,"text":98482},{"id":98513,"depth":88,"text":98514,"children":100080},[100081],{"id":98582,"depth":109,"text":98583},{"id":98686,"depth":88,"text":100083,"children":100084},"Create a set with set()",[100085,100086,100087],{"id":98711,"depth":109,"text":98712},{"id":98799,"depth":109,"text":98800},{"id":98869,"depth":109,"text":98870},{"id":98954,"depth":88,"text":98955,"children":100089},[100090],{"id":99031,"depth":109,"text":100091},"Do not use {}",{"id":71983,"depth":88,"text":71984},{"id":99239,"depth":88,"text":99240},{"id":99411,"depth":88,"text":99412,"children":100095},[100096,100097,100098,100099],{"id":99415,"depth":109,"text":99416},{"id":99458,"depth":109,"text":99459},{"id":99525,"depth":109,"text":98870},{"id":99561,"depth":109,"text":99562},{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716,"children":100101},[100102,100104,100105,100106,100107],{"id":99595,"depth":109,"text":100103},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99656,"depth":109,"text":99657},{"id":99709,"depth":109,"text":99710},{"id":99752,"depth":109,"text":99753},{"id":99779,"depth":109,"text":99780},{"id":92500,"depth":88,"text":92501},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":100110},[100111,100112,100113,100114,100115],{"id":99993,"depth":109,"text":99994},{"id":100007,"depth":109,"text":100008},{"id":100019,"depth":109,"text":100020},{"id":100026,"depth":109,"text":100027},{"id":100033,"depth":109,"text":100034},{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98284,"description":100117},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100123,"title":100124,"body":100125,"description":102556,"extension":1853,"meta":102557,"navigation":112,"path":102558,"seo":102559,"stem":102560,"__hash__":102561},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100126,"toc":102521},[100127,100133,100139,100142,100144,100221,100223,100240,100250,100252,100257,100265,100267,100283,100287,100289,100291,100294,100315,100318,100342,100348,100350,100447,100449,100466,100476,100478,100480,100488,100490,100501,100503,100594,100596,100620,100631,100633,100635,100638,100768,100770,100843,100845,100866,100869,100871,100877,100882,100885,101012,101014,101031,101034,101036,101044,101047,101051,101059,101150,101152,101189,101194,101201,101278,101280,101296,101301,101306,101308,101317,101325,101406,101408,101437,101440,101444,101455,101458,101541,101543,101564,101570,101572,101574,101578,101582,101589,101654,101656,101676,101679,101748,101750,101766,101770,101776,101788,101796,101798,101883,101885,101914,101917,101921,101926,101928,101978,101981,102062,102064,102080,102084,102087,102162,102165,102169,102172,102249,102251,102284,102290,102294,102297,102432,102434,102448,102450,102452,102458,102461,102468,102476,102482,102485,102489,102492,102494,102496,102518],[10,100128,95918,100130,18],{"id":100129},"python-set-difference-method",[15,100131,100132],{},"difference()",[20,100134,100135,100138],{},[15,100136,100137],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,100140,100141],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[39,100143,3497],{"id":3496},[44,100145,100147],{"className":46,"code":100146,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100148,100149,100173,100193,100211],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,100150,100151,100153,100155,100157,100159,100161,100163,100165,100167,100169,100171],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,100152,1345],{"class":59},[53,100154,31],{"class":63},[53,100156,10379],{"class":66},[53,100158,71],{"class":70},[53,100160,74],{"class":66},[53,100162,77],{"class":70},[53,100164,74],{"class":66},[53,100166,82],{"class":70},[53,100168,74],{"class":66},[53,100170,597],{"class":70},[53,100172,9197],{"class":66},[53,100174,100175,100177,100179,100181,100183,100185,100187,100189,100191],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,100176,1366],{"class":59},[53,100178,31],{"class":63},[53,100180,10379],{"class":66},[53,100182,815],{"class":70},[53,100184,74],{"class":66},[53,100186,597],{"class":70},[53,100188,74],{"class":66},[53,100190,4491],{"class":70},[53,100192,9197],{"class":66},[53,100194,100195,100197,100199,100201,100203,100205,100207,100209],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,100196,2117],{"class":59},[53,100198,31],{"class":63},[53,100200,1442],{"class":59},[53,100202,99],{"class":66},[53,100204,2697],{"class":102},[53,100206,127],{"class":66},[53,100208,1376],{"class":102},[53,100210,133],{"class":66},[53,100212,100213,100215,100217,100219],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,100214,145],{"class":144},[53,100216,127],{"class":66},[53,100218,2152],{"class":102},[53,100220,133],{"class":66},[20,100222,301],{},[44,100224,100226],{"className":46,"code":100225,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2}\n",[15,100227,100228],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,100229,100230,100232,100234,100236,100238],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,100231,9166],{"class":66},[53,100233,71],{"class":70},[53,100235,74],{"class":66},[53,100237,77],{"class":70},[53,100239,9197],{"class":66},[20,100241,100242,100244,100245,100247,100248,99],{},[15,100243,100132],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,100246,758],{}," that are not in ",[15,100249,1376],{},[44788,100251],{},[39,100253,184,100255,187],{"id":100254},"what-difference-does",[15,100256,100132],{},[20,100258,1870,100259,100261,100262,100264],{},[15,100260,100132],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[34,100263,36],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,100266,12936],{},[194,100268,100269,100274,100277,100280],{},[197,100270,100271,100273],{},[15,100272,100132],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[197,100275,100276],{},"It creates a new set",[197,100278,100279],{},"It does not change the original set",[197,100281,100282],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,100284,96042,100285,99],{},[758,100286,96046],{"href":97217},[44788,100288],{},[39,100290,372],{"id":371},[20,100292,100293],{},"Use this form:",[44,100295,100297],{"className":46,"code":100296,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,100298,100299],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,100300,100301,100304,100306,100308,100310,100313],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,100302,100303],{"class":59},"set1",[53,100305,99],{"class":66},[53,100307,2697],{"class":102},[53,100309,127],{"class":66},[53,100311,100312],{"class":102},"set2",[53,100314,133],{"class":66},[20,100316,100317],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[44,100319,100321],{"className":46,"code":100320,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,100322,100323],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,100324,100325,100327,100329,100331,100333,100335,100337,100340],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,100326,100303],{"class":59},[53,100328,99],{"class":66},[53,100330,2697],{"class":102},[53,100332,127],{"class":66},[53,100334,100312],{"class":102},[53,100336,74],{"class":66},[53,100338,100339],{"class":102}," set3",[53,100341,133],{"class":66},[20,100343,100344,100345,100347],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[34,100346,5237],{}," of the other sets.",[20,100349,211],{},[44,100351,100353],{"className":46,"code":100352,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100354,100355,100383,100399,100411,100415,100437],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,100356,100357,100359,100361,100363,100365,100367,100369,100371,100373,100375,100377,100379,100381],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,100358,1345],{"class":59},[53,100360,31],{"class":63},[53,100362,10379],{"class":66},[53,100364,71],{"class":70},[53,100366,74],{"class":66},[53,100368,77],{"class":70},[53,100370,74],{"class":66},[53,100372,82],{"class":70},[53,100374,74],{"class":66},[53,100376,597],{"class":70},[53,100378,74],{"class":66},[53,100380,4491],{"class":70},[53,100382,9197],{"class":66},[53,100384,100385,100387,100389,100391,100393,100395,100397],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,100386,1366],{"class":59},[53,100388,31],{"class":63},[53,100390,10379],{"class":66},[53,100392,1589],{"class":70},[53,100394,74],{"class":66},[53,100396,82],{"class":70},[53,100398,9197],{"class":66},[53,100400,100401,100403,100405,100407,100409],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,100402,82901],{"class":59},[53,100404,31],{"class":63},[53,100406,10379],{"class":66},[53,100408,2024],{"class":70},[53,100410,9197],{"class":66},[53,100412,100413],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,100414,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,100416,100417,100419,100421,100423,100425,100427,100429,100431,100433,100435],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,100418,2117],{"class":59},[53,100420,31],{"class":63},[53,100422,1442],{"class":59},[53,100424,99],{"class":66},[53,100426,2697],{"class":102},[53,100428,127],{"class":66},[53,100430,1376],{"class":102},[53,100432,74],{"class":66},[53,100434,9570],{"class":102},[53,100436,133],{"class":66},[53,100438,100439,100441,100443,100445],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,100440,145],{"class":144},[53,100442,127],{"class":66},[53,100444,2152],{"class":102},[53,100446,133],{"class":66},[20,100448,301],{},[44,100450,100452],{"className":46,"code":100451,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 4}\n",[15,100453,100454],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,100455,100456,100458,100460,100462,100464],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,100457,9166],{"class":66},[53,100459,71],{"class":70},[53,100461,74],{"class":66},[53,100463,597],{"class":70},[53,100465,9197],{"class":66},[20,100467,100468,100469,100471,100472,2765,100474,99],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100470,758],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,100473,1376],{},[15,100475,9628],{},[44788,100477],{},[39,100479,998],{"id":997},[20,100481,100482,100484,100485,99],{},[15,100483,100132],{}," always returns a ",[34,100486,100487],{},"new set",[20,100489,43522],{},[194,100491,100492,100495,100498],{},[197,100493,100494],{},"The return value is a new set",[197,100496,100497],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[197,100499,100500],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,100502,211],{},[44,100504,100506],{"className":46,"code":100505,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,100507,100508,100524,100544,100548,100566,100570,100580],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,100509,100510,100512,100514,100516,100518,100520,100522],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,100511,1345],{"class":59},[53,100513,31],{"class":63},[53,100515,10379],{"class":66},[53,100517,71],{"class":70},[53,100519,74],{"class":66},[53,100521,77],{"class":70},[53,100523,9197],{"class":66},[53,100525,100526,100528,100530,100532,100534,100536,100538,100540,100542],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,100527,1366],{"class":59},[53,100529,31],{"class":63},[53,100531,10379],{"class":66},[53,100533,71],{"class":70},[53,100535,74],{"class":66},[53,100537,77],{"class":70},[53,100539,74],{"class":66},[53,100541,82],{"class":70},[53,100543,9197],{"class":66},[53,100545,100546],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,100547,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,100549,100550,100552,100554,100556,100558,100560,100562,100564],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,100551,2117],{"class":59},[53,100553,31],{"class":63},[53,100555,1442],{"class":59},[53,100557,99],{"class":66},[53,100559,2697],{"class":102},[53,100561,127],{"class":66},[53,100563,1376],{"class":102},[53,100565,133],{"class":66},[53,100567,100568],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,100569,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,100571,100572,100574,100576,100578],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,100573,145],{"class":144},[53,100575,127],{"class":66},[53,100577,2152],{"class":102},[53,100579,133],{"class":66},[53,100581,100582,100584,100586,100588,100590,100592],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,100583,145],{"class":144},[53,100585,127],{"class":66},[53,100587,1705],{"class":1704},[53,100589,127],{"class":66},[53,100591,2152],{"class":102},[53,100593,1713],{"class":66},[20,100595,301],{},[44,100597,100598],{"className":46,"code":99006,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,100599,100600,100606],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,100601,100602,100604],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,100603,6173],{"class":1704},[53,100605,106],{"class":66},[53,100607,100608,100610,100612,100614,100616,100618],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,100609,3178],{"class":63},[53,100611,3181],{"class":1954},[53,100613,323],{"class":228},[53,100615,6173],{"class":232},[53,100617,314],{"class":228},[53,100619,3190],{"class":63},[20,100621,100622,100623,18831,100625,100627,100628,100630],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,100624,3683],{},[15,100626,3678],{},". In Python, ",[15,100629,3678],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[44788,100632],{},[39,100634,11364],{"id":11363},[20,100636,100637],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[44,100639,100641],{"className":46,"code":100640,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,100642,100643,100676,100709,100713,100733,100737,100747,100758],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,100644,100645,100648,100650,100652,100654,100656,100658,100660,100662,100664,100666,100668,100670,100672,100674],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,100646,100647],{"class":59},"fruits_a ",[53,100649,31],{"class":63},[53,100651,10379],{"class":66},[53,100653,229],{"class":228},[53,100655,233],{"class":232},[53,100657,229],{"class":228},[53,100659,74],{"class":66},[53,100661,240],{"class":228},[53,100663,243],{"class":232},[53,100665,229],{"class":228},[53,100667,74],{"class":66},[53,100669,240],{"class":228},[53,100671,252],{"class":232},[53,100673,229],{"class":228},[53,100675,9197],{"class":66},[53,100677,100678,100681,100683,100685,100687,100689,100691,100693,100695,100697,100699,100701,100703,100705,100707],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,100679,100680],{"class":59},"fruits_b ",[53,100682,31],{"class":63},[53,100684,10379],{"class":66},[53,100686,229],{"class":228},[53,100688,243],{"class":232},[53,100690,229],{"class":228},[53,100692,74],{"class":66},[53,100694,240],{"class":228},[53,100696,252],{"class":232},[53,100698,229],{"class":228},[53,100700,74],{"class":66},[53,100702,240],{"class":228},[53,100704,22402],{"class":232},[53,100706,229],{"class":228},[53,100708,9197],{"class":66},[53,100710,100711],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,100712,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,100714,100715,100717,100719,100722,100724,100726,100728,100731],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,100716,2117],{"class":59},[53,100718,31],{"class":63},[53,100720,100721],{"class":59}," fruits_a",[53,100723,99],{"class":66},[53,100725,2697],{"class":102},[53,100727,127],{"class":66},[53,100729,100730],{"class":102},"fruits_b",[53,100732,133],{"class":66},[53,100734,100735],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,100736,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,100738,100739,100741,100743,100745],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,100740,145],{"class":144},[53,100742,127],{"class":66},[53,100744,2152],{"class":102},[53,100746,133],{"class":66},[53,100748,100749,100751,100753,100756],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,100750,145],{"class":144},[53,100752,127],{"class":66},[53,100754,100755],{"class":102},"fruits_a",[53,100757,133],{"class":66},[53,100759,100760,100762,100764,100766],{"class":55,"line":6312},[53,100761,145],{"class":144},[53,100763,127],{"class":66},[53,100765,100730],{"class":102},[53,100767,133],{"class":66},[20,100769,29901],{},[44,100771,100773],{"className":46,"code":100772,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,100774,100775,100787,100815],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,100776,100777,100779,100781,100783,100785],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,100778,9166],{"class":66},[53,100780,314],{"class":228},[53,100782,233],{"class":232},[53,100784,314],{"class":228},[53,100786,9197],{"class":66},[53,100788,100789,100791,100793,100795,100797,100799,100801,100803,100805,100807,100809,100811,100813],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,100790,9166],{"class":66},[53,100792,314],{"class":228},[53,100794,243],{"class":232},[53,100796,314],{"class":228},[53,100798,74],{"class":66},[53,100800,323],{"class":228},[53,100802,252],{"class":232},[53,100804,314],{"class":228},[53,100806,74],{"class":66},[53,100808,323],{"class":228},[53,100810,233],{"class":232},[53,100812,314],{"class":228},[53,100814,9197],{"class":66},[53,100816,100817,100819,100821,100823,100825,100827,100829,100831,100833,100835,100837,100839,100841],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,100818,9166],{"class":66},[53,100820,314],{"class":228},[53,100822,243],{"class":232},[53,100824,314],{"class":228},[53,100826,74],{"class":66},[53,100828,323],{"class":228},[53,100830,252],{"class":232},[53,100832,314],{"class":228},[53,100834,74],{"class":66},[53,100836,323],{"class":228},[53,100838,22402],{"class":232},[53,100840,314],{"class":228},[53,100842,9197],{"class":66},[20,100844,11573],{},[194,100846,100847,100852,100857,100863],{},[197,100848,100849,100850],{},"Start with ",[15,100851,100755],{},[197,100853,100854,100855],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,100856,100730],{},[197,100858,100859,100860,100862],{},"Only ",[15,100861,57546],{}," remains",[197,100864,100865],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,100867,100868],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[44788,100870],{},[39,100872,485,100874,100876],{"id":100873},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,100875,100132],{}," with multiple sets",[20,100878,100879,100880,99],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,100881,100132],{},[20,100883,100884],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[44,100886,100888],{"className":46,"code":100887,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100889,100890,100922,100939,100952,100969,100973,101002],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,100891,100892,100894,100896,100898,100900,100902,100904,100906,100908,100910,100912,100914,100916,100918,100920],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,100893,60],{"class":59},[53,100895,31],{"class":63},[53,100897,10379],{"class":66},[53,100899,71],{"class":70},[53,100901,74],{"class":66},[53,100903,77],{"class":70},[53,100905,74],{"class":66},[53,100907,82],{"class":70},[53,100909,74],{"class":66},[53,100911,597],{"class":70},[53,100913,74],{"class":66},[53,100915,4491],{"class":70},[53,100917,74],{"class":66},[53,100919,37518],{"class":70},[53,100921,9197],{"class":66},[53,100923,100924,100927,100929,100931,100933,100935,100937],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,100925,100926],{"class":59},"group_a ",[53,100928,31],{"class":63},[53,100930,10379],{"class":66},[53,100932,1589],{"class":70},[53,100934,74],{"class":66},[53,100936,597],{"class":70},[53,100938,9197],{"class":66},[53,100940,100941,100944,100946,100948,100950],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,100942,100943],{"class":59},"group_b ",[53,100945,31],{"class":63},[53,100947,10379],{"class":66},[53,100949,2024],{"class":70},[53,100951,9197],{"class":66},[53,100953,100954,100957,100959,100961,100963,100965,100967],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,100955,100956],{"class":59},"group_c ",[53,100958,31],{"class":63},[53,100960,10379],{"class":66},[53,100962,80309],{"class":70},[53,100964,74],{"class":66},[53,100966,5879],{"class":70},[53,100968,9197],{"class":66},[53,100970,100971],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,100972,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,100974,100975,100977,100979,100981,100983,100985,100987,100990,100992,100995,100997,101000],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,100976,2117],{"class":59},[53,100978,31],{"class":63},[53,100980,96],{"class":59},[53,100982,99],{"class":66},[53,100984,2697],{"class":102},[53,100986,127],{"class":66},[53,100988,100989],{"class":102},"group_a",[53,100991,74],{"class":66},[53,100993,100994],{"class":102}," group_b",[53,100996,74],{"class":66},[53,100998,100999],{"class":102}," group_c",[53,101001,133],{"class":66},[53,101003,101004,101006,101008,101010],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,101005,145],{"class":144},[53,101007,127],{"class":66},[53,101009,2152],{"class":102},[53,101011,133],{"class":66},[20,101013,301],{},[44,101015,101017],{"className":46,"code":101016,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 3}\n",[15,101018,101019],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101020,101021,101023,101025,101027,101029],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101022,9166],{"class":66},[53,101024,71],{"class":70},[53,101026,74],{"class":66},[53,101028,82],{"class":70},[53,101030,9197],{"class":66},[20,101032,101033],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[44788,101035],{},[39,101037,101039,10474,101041],{"id":101038},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,101040,100132],{},[15,101042,101043],{},"difference_update()",[20,101045,101046],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[1327,101048,101049],{"id":2697},[15,101050,100132],{},[194,101052,101053,101056],{},[197,101054,101055],{},"Returns a new set",[197,101057,101058],{},"Does not change the original set",[44,101060,101062],{"className":46,"code":101061,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101063,101064,101088,101104,101108,101126,101130,101140],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101065,101066,101068,101070,101072,101074,101076,101078,101080,101082,101084,101086],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101067,1345],{"class":59},[53,101069,31],{"class":63},[53,101071,10379],{"class":66},[53,101073,71],{"class":70},[53,101075,74],{"class":66},[53,101077,77],{"class":70},[53,101079,74],{"class":66},[53,101081,82],{"class":70},[53,101083,74],{"class":66},[53,101085,597],{"class":70},[53,101087,9197],{"class":66},[53,101089,101090,101092,101094,101096,101098,101100,101102],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,101091,1366],{"class":59},[53,101093,31],{"class":63},[53,101095,10379],{"class":66},[53,101097,815],{"class":70},[53,101099,74],{"class":66},[53,101101,597],{"class":70},[53,101103,9197],{"class":66},[53,101105,101106],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,101107,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,101109,101110,101112,101114,101116,101118,101120,101122,101124],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,101111,2117],{"class":59},[53,101113,31],{"class":63},[53,101115,1442],{"class":59},[53,101117,99],{"class":66},[53,101119,2697],{"class":102},[53,101121,127],{"class":66},[53,101123,1376],{"class":102},[53,101125,133],{"class":66},[53,101127,101128],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,101129,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,101131,101132,101134,101136,101138],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,101133,145],{"class":144},[53,101135,127],{"class":66},[53,101137,2152],{"class":102},[53,101139,133],{"class":66},[53,101141,101142,101144,101146,101148],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,101143,145],{"class":144},[53,101145,127],{"class":66},[53,101147,758],{"class":102},[53,101149,133],{"class":66},[20,101151,301],{},[44,101153,101155],{"className":46,"code":101154,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,101156,101157,101169],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101158,101159,101161,101163,101165,101167],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101160,9166],{"class":66},[53,101162,71],{"class":70},[53,101164,74],{"class":66},[53,101166,77],{"class":70},[53,101168,9197],{"class":66},[53,101170,101171,101173,101175,101177,101179,101181,101183,101185,101187],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,101172,9166],{"class":66},[53,101174,71],{"class":70},[53,101176,74],{"class":66},[53,101178,77],{"class":70},[53,101180,74],{"class":66},[53,101182,82],{"class":70},[53,101184,74],{"class":66},[53,101186,597],{"class":70},[53,101188,9197],{"class":66},[1327,101190,101192],{"id":101191},"difference_update",[15,101193,101043],{},[194,101195,101196,101199],{},[197,101197,101198],{},"Changes the original set",[197,101200,96036],{},[44,101202,101204],{"className":46,"code":101203,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,101205,101206,101230,101246,101250,101264,101268],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101207,101208,101210,101212,101214,101216,101218,101220,101222,101224,101226,101228],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101209,1345],{"class":59},[53,101211,31],{"class":63},[53,101213,10379],{"class":66},[53,101215,71],{"class":70},[53,101217,74],{"class":66},[53,101219,77],{"class":70},[53,101221,74],{"class":66},[53,101223,82],{"class":70},[53,101225,74],{"class":66},[53,101227,597],{"class":70},[53,101229,9197],{"class":66},[53,101231,101232,101234,101236,101238,101240,101242,101244],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,101233,1366],{"class":59},[53,101235,31],{"class":63},[53,101237,10379],{"class":66},[53,101239,815],{"class":70},[53,101241,74],{"class":66},[53,101243,597],{"class":70},[53,101245,9197],{"class":66},[53,101247,101248],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,101249,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,101251,101252,101254,101256,101258,101260,101262],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,101253,758],{"class":59},[53,101255,99],{"class":66},[53,101257,101191],{"class":102},[53,101259,127],{"class":66},[53,101261,1376],{"class":102},[53,101263,133],{"class":66},[53,101265,101266],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,101267,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,101269,101270,101272,101274,101276],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,101271,145],{"class":144},[53,101273,127],{"class":66},[53,101275,758],{"class":102},[53,101277,133],{"class":66},[20,101279,301],{},[44,101281,101282],{"className":46,"code":100225,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,101283,101284],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101285,101286,101288,101290,101292,101294],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101287,9166],{"class":66},[53,101289,71],{"class":70},[53,101291,74],{"class":66},[53,101293,77],{"class":70},[53,101295,9197],{"class":66},[20,101297,174,101298,101300],{},[15,101299,100132],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,101302,101303,101304,33473],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,101305,101043],{},[44788,101307],{},[39,101309,101311,101313,101314,101316],{"id":101310},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,101312,100132],{}," vs the ",[15,101315,1912],{}," operator",[20,101318,1870,101319,101321,101322,101324],{},[15,101320,1912],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,101323,100132],{}," for two sets.",[44,101326,101328],{"className":46,"code":101327,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,101329,101330,101354,101370,101374,101392],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101331,101332,101334,101336,101338,101340,101342,101344,101346,101348,101350,101352],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101333,1345],{"class":59},[53,101335,31],{"class":63},[53,101337,10379],{"class":66},[53,101339,71],{"class":70},[53,101341,74],{"class":66},[53,101343,77],{"class":70},[53,101345,74],{"class":66},[53,101347,82],{"class":70},[53,101349,74],{"class":66},[53,101351,597],{"class":70},[53,101353,9197],{"class":66},[53,101355,101356,101358,101360,101362,101364,101366,101368],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,101357,1366],{"class":59},[53,101359,31],{"class":63},[53,101361,10379],{"class":66},[53,101363,815],{"class":70},[53,101365,74],{"class":66},[53,101367,597],{"class":70},[53,101369,9197],{"class":66},[53,101371,101372],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,101373,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,101375,101376,101378,101380,101382,101384,101386,101388,101390],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,101377,145],{"class":144},[53,101379,127],{"class":66},[53,101381,758],{"class":102},[53,101383,99],{"class":66},[53,101385,2697],{"class":102},[53,101387,127],{"class":66},[53,101389,1376],{"class":102},[53,101391,1713],{"class":66},[53,101393,101394,101396,101398,101400,101402,101404],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,101395,145],{"class":144},[53,101397,127],{"class":66},[53,101399,1345],{"class":102},[53,101401,1912],{"class":63},[53,101403,2445],{"class":102},[53,101405,133],{"class":66},[20,101407,301],{},[44,101409,101411],{"className":46,"code":101410,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101412,101413,101425],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101414,101415,101417,101419,101421,101423],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101416,9166],{"class":66},[53,101418,71],{"class":70},[53,101420,74],{"class":66},[53,101422,77],{"class":70},[53,101424,9197],{"class":66},[53,101426,101427,101429,101431,101433,101435],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,101428,9166],{"class":66},[53,101430,71],{"class":70},[53,101432,74],{"class":66},[53,101434,77],{"class":70},[53,101436,9197],{"class":66},[20,101438,101439],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,101441,94306,101442,1744],{},[15,101443,100132],{},[194,101445,101446,101449,101452],{},[197,101447,101448],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[197,101450,101451],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[197,101453,101454],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,101456,101457],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[44,101459,101461],{"className":46,"code":101460,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,101462,101463,101491,101503,101515,101519],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101464,101465,101467,101469,101471,101473,101475,101477,101479,101481,101483,101485,101487,101489],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101466,1345],{"class":59},[53,101468,31],{"class":63},[53,101470,10379],{"class":66},[53,101472,71],{"class":70},[53,101474,74],{"class":66},[53,101476,77],{"class":70},[53,101478,74],{"class":66},[53,101480,82],{"class":70},[53,101482,74],{"class":66},[53,101484,597],{"class":70},[53,101486,74],{"class":66},[53,101488,4491],{"class":70},[53,101490,9197],{"class":66},[53,101492,101493,101495,101497,101499,101501],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,101494,1366],{"class":59},[53,101496,31],{"class":63},[53,101498,10379],{"class":66},[53,101500,1589],{"class":70},[53,101502,9197],{"class":66},[53,101504,101505,101507,101509,101511,101513],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,101506,82901],{"class":59},[53,101508,31],{"class":63},[53,101510,10379],{"class":66},[53,101512,130],{"class":70},[53,101514,9197],{"class":66},[53,101516,101517],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,101518,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,101520,101521,101523,101525,101527,101529,101531,101533,101535,101537,101539],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,101522,145],{"class":144},[53,101524,127],{"class":66},[53,101526,758],{"class":102},[53,101528,99],{"class":66},[53,101530,2697],{"class":102},[53,101532,127],{"class":66},[53,101534,1376],{"class":102},[53,101536,74],{"class":66},[53,101538,9570],{"class":102},[53,101540,1713],{"class":66},[20,101542,301],{},[44,101544,101546],{"className":46,"code":101545,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,101547,101548],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101549,101550,101552,101554,101556,101558,101560,101562],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101551,9166],{"class":66},[53,101553,71],{"class":70},[53,101555,74],{"class":66},[53,101557,82],{"class":70},[53,101559,74],{"class":66},[53,101561,4491],{"class":70},[53,101563,9197],{"class":66},[20,101565,101566,101567,101569],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,101568,1912],{}," operator expression.",[44788,101571],{},[39,101573,1320],{"id":1319},[20,101575,21080,101576,99],{},[15,101577,100132],{},[1327,101579,101581],{"id":101580},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,101583,4514,101584,101586,101587,192],{},[34,101585,36],{}," change ",[15,101588,758],{},[44,101590,101592],{"className":46,"code":101591,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101593,101594,101614,101626,101630,101644],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101595,101596,101598,101600,101602,101604,101606,101608,101610,101612],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101597,1345],{"class":59},[53,101599,31],{"class":63},[53,101601,10379],{"class":66},[53,101603,71],{"class":70},[53,101605,74],{"class":66},[53,101607,77],{"class":70},[53,101609,74],{"class":66},[53,101611,82],{"class":70},[53,101613,9197],{"class":66},[53,101615,101616,101618,101620,101622,101624],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,101617,1366],{"class":59},[53,101619,31],{"class":63},[53,101621,10379],{"class":66},[53,101623,815],{"class":70},[53,101625,9197],{"class":66},[53,101627,101628],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,101629,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,101631,101632,101634,101636,101638,101640,101642],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,101633,758],{"class":59},[53,101635,99],{"class":66},[53,101637,2697],{"class":102},[53,101639,127],{"class":66},[53,101641,1376],{"class":102},[53,101643,133],{"class":66},[53,101645,101646,101648,101650,101652],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,101647,145],{"class":144},[53,101649,127],{"class":66},[53,101651,758],{"class":102},[53,101653,133],{"class":66},[20,101655,301],{},[44,101657,101658],{"className":46,"code":96325,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,101659,101660],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101661,101662,101664,101666,101668,101670,101672,101674],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101663,9166],{"class":66},[53,101665,71],{"class":70},[53,101667,74],{"class":66},[53,101669,77],{"class":70},[53,101671,74],{"class":66},[53,101673,82],{"class":70},[53,101675,9197],{"class":66},[20,101677,101678],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[44,101680,101682],{"className":46,"code":101681,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101683,101684,101704,101716,101720,101738],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101685,101686,101688,101690,101692,101694,101696,101698,101700,101702],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101687,1345],{"class":59},[53,101689,31],{"class":63},[53,101691,10379],{"class":66},[53,101693,71],{"class":70},[53,101695,74],{"class":66},[53,101697,77],{"class":70},[53,101699,74],{"class":66},[53,101701,82],{"class":70},[53,101703,9197],{"class":66},[53,101705,101706,101708,101710,101712,101714],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,101707,1366],{"class":59},[53,101709,31],{"class":63},[53,101711,10379],{"class":66},[53,101713,815],{"class":70},[53,101715,9197],{"class":66},[53,101717,101718],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,101719,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,101721,101722,101724,101726,101728,101730,101732,101734,101736],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,101723,1345],{"class":59},[53,101725,31],{"class":63},[53,101727,1442],{"class":59},[53,101729,99],{"class":66},[53,101731,2697],{"class":102},[53,101733,127],{"class":66},[53,101735,1376],{"class":102},[53,101737,133],{"class":66},[53,101739,101740,101742,101744,101746],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,101741,145],{"class":144},[53,101743,127],{"class":66},[53,101745,758],{"class":102},[53,101747,133],{"class":66},[20,101749,301],{},[44,101751,101752],{"className":46,"code":100225,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,101753,101754],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101755,101756,101758,101760,101762,101764],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101757,9166],{"class":66},[53,101759,71],{"class":70},[53,101761,74],{"class":66},[53,101763,77],{"class":70},[53,101765,9197],{"class":66},[1327,101767,101769],{"id":101768},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,101771,101772,101775],{},[15,101773,101774],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[194,101777,101778,101783],{},[197,101779,101780,101781],{},"keep items from ",[15,101782,758],{},[197,101784,101785,101786],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,101787,1376],{},[20,101789,1006,101790,101792,101793,101795],{},[34,101791,36],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,101794,1376],{},"”.",[20,101797,211],{},[44,101799,101801],{"className":46,"code":101800,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,101802,101803,101823,101843,101847,101865],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101804,101805,101807,101809,101811,101813,101815,101817,101819,101821],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101806,1345],{"class":59},[53,101808,31],{"class":63},[53,101810,10379],{"class":66},[53,101812,71],{"class":70},[53,101814,74],{"class":66},[53,101816,77],{"class":70},[53,101818,74],{"class":66},[53,101820,82],{"class":70},[53,101822,9197],{"class":66},[53,101824,101825,101827,101829,101831,101833,101835,101837,101839,101841],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,101826,1366],{"class":59},[53,101828,31],{"class":63},[53,101830,10379],{"class":66},[53,101832,815],{"class":70},[53,101834,74],{"class":66},[53,101836,597],{"class":70},[53,101838,74],{"class":66},[53,101840,4491],{"class":70},[53,101842,9197],{"class":66},[53,101844,101845],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,101846,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,101848,101849,101851,101853,101855,101857,101859,101861,101863],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,101850,145],{"class":144},[53,101852,127],{"class":66},[53,101854,758],{"class":102},[53,101856,99],{"class":66},[53,101858,2697],{"class":102},[53,101860,127],{"class":66},[53,101862,1376],{"class":102},[53,101864,1713],{"class":66},[53,101866,101867,101869,101871,101873,101875,101877,101879,101881],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,101868,145],{"class":144},[53,101870,127],{"class":66},[53,101872,1376],{"class":102},[53,101874,99],{"class":66},[53,101876,2697],{"class":102},[53,101878,127],{"class":66},[53,101880,758],{"class":102},[53,101882,1713],{"class":66},[20,101884,301],{},[44,101886,101888],{"className":46,"code":101887,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,101889,101890,101902],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101891,101892,101894,101896,101898,101900],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101893,9166],{"class":66},[53,101895,71],{"class":70},[53,101897,74],{"class":66},[53,101899,77],{"class":70},[53,101901,9197],{"class":66},[53,101903,101904,101906,101908,101910,101912],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,101905,9166],{"class":66},[53,101907,130],{"class":70},[53,101909,74],{"class":66},[53,101911,4491],{"class":70},[53,101913,9197],{"class":66},[20,101915,101916],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[1327,101918,101920],{"id":101919},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,101922,101923,101925],{},[15,101924,100132],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,101927,55184],{},[44,101929,101931],{"className":46,"code":101930,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,101932,101933,101953,101969,101973],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101934,101935,101937,101939,101941,101943,101945,101947,101949,101951],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101936,1345],{"class":59},[53,101938,31],{"class":63},[53,101940,67],{"class":66},[53,101942,71],{"class":70},[53,101944,74],{"class":66},[53,101946,77],{"class":70},[53,101948,74],{"class":66},[53,101950,82],{"class":70},[53,101952,85],{"class":66},[53,101954,101955,101957,101959,101961,101963,101965,101967],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,101956,1366],{"class":59},[53,101958,31],{"class":63},[53,101960,67],{"class":66},[53,101962,815],{"class":70},[53,101964,74],{"class":66},[53,101966,597],{"class":70},[53,101968,85],{"class":66},[53,101970,101971],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,101972,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,101974,101975],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,101976,101977],{"class":156},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,101979,101980],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[44,101982,101984],{"className":46,"code":101983,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,101985,101986,102006,102022,102026,102052],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101987,101988,101990,101992,101994,101996,101998,102000,102002,102004],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101989,1345],{"class":59},[53,101991,31],{"class":63},[53,101993,67],{"class":66},[53,101995,71],{"class":70},[53,101997,74],{"class":66},[53,101999,77],{"class":70},[53,102001,74],{"class":66},[53,102003,82],{"class":70},[53,102005,85],{"class":66},[53,102007,102008,102010,102012,102014,102016,102018,102020],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,102009,1366],{"class":59},[53,102011,31],{"class":63},[53,102013,67],{"class":66},[53,102015,815],{"class":70},[53,102017,74],{"class":66},[53,102019,597],{"class":70},[53,102021,85],{"class":66},[53,102023,102024],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,102025,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,102027,102028,102030,102032,102034,102036,102038,102040,102042,102044,102046,102048,102050],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,102029,2117],{"class":59},[53,102031,31],{"class":63},[53,102033,15504],{"class":1704},[53,102035,127],{"class":66},[53,102037,758],{"class":102},[53,102039,8518],{"class":66},[53,102041,2697],{"class":102},[53,102043,127],{"class":66},[53,102045,6173],{"class":1704},[53,102047,127],{"class":66},[53,102049,1376],{"class":102},[53,102051,1713],{"class":66},[53,102053,102054,102056,102058,102060],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,102055,145],{"class":144},[53,102057,127],{"class":66},[53,102059,2152],{"class":102},[53,102061,133],{"class":66},[20,102063,301],{},[44,102065,102066],{"className":46,"code":100225,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,102067,102068],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,102069,102070,102072,102074,102076,102078],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,102071,9166],{"class":66},[53,102073,71],{"class":70},[53,102075,74],{"class":66},[53,102077,77],{"class":70},[53,102079,9197],{"class":66},[1327,102081,102083],{"id":102082},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,102085,102086],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[44,102088,102090],{"className":46,"code":102089,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102091,102092,102124,102140,102144],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,102093,102094,102096,102098,102100,102102,102104,102106,102108,102110,102112,102114,102116,102118,102120,102122],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,102095,1345],{"class":59},[53,102097,31],{"class":63},[53,102099,10379],{"class":66},[53,102101,229],{"class":228},[53,102103,36921],{"class":232},[53,102105,229],{"class":228},[53,102107,74],{"class":66},[53,102109,240],{"class":228},[53,102111,57840],{"class":232},[53,102113,229],{"class":228},[53,102115,74],{"class":66},[53,102117,240],{"class":228},[53,102119,57857],{"class":232},[53,102121,229],{"class":228},[53,102123,9197],{"class":66},[53,102125,102126,102128,102130,102132,102134,102136,102138],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,102127,1366],{"class":59},[53,102129,31],{"class":63},[53,102131,10379],{"class":66},[53,102133,229],{"class":228},[53,102135,57840],{"class":232},[53,102137,229],{"class":228},[53,102139,9197],{"class":66},[53,102141,102142],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,102143,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,102145,102146,102148,102150,102152,102154,102156,102158,102160],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,102147,145],{"class":144},[53,102149,127],{"class":66},[53,102151,758],{"class":102},[53,102153,99],{"class":66},[53,102155,2697],{"class":102},[53,102157,127],{"class":66},[53,102159,1376],{"class":102},[53,102161,1713],{"class":66},[20,102163,102164],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[1327,102166,102168],{"id":102167},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,102170,102171],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[44,102173,102175],{"className":46,"code":102174,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102176,102177,102205,102217,102221,102231],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,102178,102179,102181,102183,102185,102187,102189,102191,102193,102195,102197,102199,102201,102203],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,102180,1345],{"class":59},[53,102182,31],{"class":63},[53,102184,10379],{"class":66},[53,102186,71],{"class":70},[53,102188,74],{"class":66},[53,102190,5382],{"class":70},[53,102192,74],{"class":66},[53,102194,77],{"class":70},[53,102196,74],{"class":66},[53,102198,77],{"class":70},[53,102200,74],{"class":66},[53,102202,82],{"class":70},[53,102204,9197],{"class":66},[53,102206,102207,102209,102211,102213,102215],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,102208,1366],{"class":59},[53,102210,31],{"class":63},[53,102212,10379],{"class":66},[53,102214,815],{"class":70},[53,102216,9197],{"class":66},[53,102218,102219],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,102220,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,102222,102223,102225,102227,102229],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,102224,145],{"class":144},[53,102226,127],{"class":66},[53,102228,758],{"class":102},[53,102230,133],{"class":66},[53,102232,102233,102235,102237,102239,102241,102243,102245,102247],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,102234,145],{"class":144},[53,102236,127],{"class":66},[53,102238,758],{"class":102},[53,102240,99],{"class":66},[53,102242,2697],{"class":102},[53,102244,127],{"class":66},[53,102246,1376],{"class":102},[53,102248,1713],{"class":66},[20,102250,301],{},[44,102252,102254],{"className":46,"code":102253,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102255,102256,102272],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,102257,102258,102260,102262,102264,102266,102268,102270],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,102259,9166],{"class":66},[53,102261,71],{"class":70},[53,102263,74],{"class":66},[53,102265,77],{"class":70},[53,102267,74],{"class":66},[53,102269,82],{"class":70},[53,102271,9197],{"class":66},[53,102273,102274,102276,102278,102280,102282],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,102275,9166],{"class":66},[53,102277,71],{"class":70},[53,102279,74],{"class":66},[53,102281,77],{"class":70},[53,102283,9197],{"class":66},[20,102285,102286,102287,102289],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,102288,100132],{}," runs.",[1327,102291,102293],{"id":102292},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,102295,102296],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[44,102298,102300],{"className":46,"code":102299,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,102301,102302,102326,102346,102350,102360,102370,102388,102410],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,102303,102304,102306,102308,102310,102312,102314,102316,102318,102320,102322,102324],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,102305,1345],{"class":59},[53,102307,31],{"class":63},[53,102309,10379],{"class":66},[53,102311,71],{"class":70},[53,102313,74],{"class":66},[53,102315,77],{"class":70},[53,102317,74],{"class":66},[53,102319,82],{"class":70},[53,102321,74],{"class":66},[53,102323,597],{"class":70},[53,102325,9197],{"class":66},[53,102327,102328,102330,102332,102334,102336,102338,102340,102342,102344],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,102329,1366],{"class":59},[53,102331,31],{"class":63},[53,102333,10379],{"class":66},[53,102335,815],{"class":70},[53,102337,74],{"class":66},[53,102339,597],{"class":70},[53,102341,74],{"class":66},[53,102343,4491],{"class":70},[53,102345,9197],{"class":66},[53,102347,102348],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,102349,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,102351,102352,102354,102356,102358],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,102353,145],{"class":144},[53,102355,127],{"class":66},[53,102357,758],{"class":102},[53,102359,133],{"class":66},[53,102361,102362,102364,102366,102368],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,102363,145],{"class":144},[53,102365,127],{"class":66},[53,102367,1376],{"class":102},[53,102369,133],{"class":66},[53,102371,102372,102374,102376,102378,102380,102382,102384,102386],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,102373,145],{"class":144},[53,102375,127],{"class":66},[53,102377,758],{"class":102},[53,102379,99],{"class":66},[53,102381,2697],{"class":102},[53,102383,127],{"class":66},[53,102385,1376],{"class":102},[53,102387,1713],{"class":66},[53,102389,102390,102392,102394,102396,102398,102400,102402,102404,102406,102408],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,102391,145],{"class":144},[53,102393,127],{"class":66},[53,102395,1705],{"class":1704},[53,102397,127],{"class":66},[53,102399,758],{"class":102},[53,102401,99],{"class":66},[53,102403,2697],{"class":102},[53,102405,127],{"class":66},[53,102407,1376],{"class":102},[53,102409,2799],{"class":66},[53,102411,102412,102414,102416,102418,102420,102422,102424,102426,102428,102430],{"class":55,"line":6312},[53,102413,145],{"class":144},[53,102415,127],{"class":66},[53,102417,11050],{"class":144},[53,102419,127],{"class":66},[53,102421,758],{"class":102},[53,102423,99],{"class":66},[53,102425,2697],{"class":102},[53,102427,127],{"class":66},[53,102429,1376],{"class":102},[53,102431,2799],{"class":66},[20,102433,11059],{},[194,102435,102436,102439,102442,102445],{},[197,102437,102438],{},"what is in each set",[197,102440,102441],{},"what result Python creates",[197,102443,102444],{},"that the result is a set",[197,102446,102447],{},"how many items remain",[44788,102449],{},[39,102451,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,102453,1729,102455,102457],{"id":102454},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,102456,100132],{}," change the original set?",[20,102459,102460],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[1327,102462,1739,102464,960,102466,1744],{"id":102463},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,102465,100132],{},[15,102467,101043],{},[20,102469,102470,102472,102473,102475],{},[15,102471,100132],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,102474,101043],{}," modifies the original set.",[1327,102477,28199,102479,102481],{"id":102478},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,102480,100132],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,102483,102484],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[1327,102486,102488],{"id":102487},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,102490,102491],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[44788,102493],{},[39,102495,1788],{"id":1787},[194,102497,102498,102502,102510],{},[197,102499,102500],{},[758,102501,96046],{"href":97217},[197,102503,102504],{},[758,102505,96532,102507,1316],{"href":102506},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,102508,102509],{},"intersection()",[197,102511,102512],{},[758,102513,96532,102515,1316],{"href":102514},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,102516,102517],{},"union()",[1817,102519,102520],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":102522},[102523,102524,102526,102527,102528,102529,102531,102536,102538,102546,102555],{"id":3496,"depth":88,"text":3497},{"id":100254,"depth":88,"text":102525},"What difference() does",{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372},{"id":997,"depth":88,"text":998},{"id":11363,"depth":88,"text":11364},{"id":100873,"depth":88,"text":102530},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101038,"depth":88,"text":102532,"children":102533},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102534,102535],{"id":2697,"depth":109,"text":100132},{"id":101191,"depth":109,"text":101043},{"id":101310,"depth":88,"text":102537},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":1319,"depth":88,"text":1320,"children":102539},[102540,102541,102542,102543,102544,102545],{"id":101580,"depth":109,"text":101581},{"id":101768,"depth":109,"text":101769},{"id":101919,"depth":109,"text":101920},{"id":102082,"depth":109,"text":102083},{"id":102167,"depth":109,"text":102168},{"id":102292,"depth":109,"text":102293},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":102547},[102548,102550,102552,102554],{"id":102454,"depth":109,"text":102549},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102463,"depth":109,"text":102551},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102478,"depth":109,"text":102553},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102487,"depth":109,"text":102488},{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100124,"description":102556},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102563,"title":102564,"body":102565,"description":104260,"extension":1853,"meta":104261,"navigation":112,"path":104262,"seo":104263,"stem":104264,"__hash__":104265},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102566,"toc":104222},[102567,102573,102579,102592,102594,102695,102697,102742,102747,102752,102756,102770,102773,102781,102783,102802,102820,102824,102877,102879,102900,102907,102912,102939,102946,103045,103047,103084,103092,103096,103102,103105,103178,103180,103188,103193,103262,103264,103289,103291,103294,103397,103399,103460,103463,103467,103473,103546,103548,103581,103584,103587,103627,103633,103656,103661,103665,103676,103679,103681,103685,103691,103693,103750,103760,103762,103815,103822,103827,103895,103903,103909,103913,103915,103954,103959,104008,104012,104015,104017,104056,104059,104061,104066,104123,104125,104139,104141,104145,104151,104156,104161,104168,104179,104185,104190,104192,104219],[10,102568,95918,102570,18],{"id":102569},"python-set-discard-method",[15,102571,102572],{},"discard()",[20,102574,102575,102578],{},[15,102576,102577],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,102580,102581,102582,2076,102587,32,102589,102591],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[758,102583,102584],{"href":97927},[15,102585,102586],{},"set.remove()",[15,102588,102572],{},[34,102590,36],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[39,102593,42],{"id":41},[44,102595,102597],{"className":46,"code":102596,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102598,102599,102631,102650,102660,102664,102685],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,102600,102601,102603,102605,102607,102609,102611,102613,102615,102617,102619,102621,102623,102625,102627,102629],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,102602,1025],{"class":59},[53,102604,31],{"class":63},[53,102606,10379],{"class":66},[53,102608,229],{"class":228},[53,102610,1034],{"class":232},[53,102612,229],{"class":228},[53,102614,74],{"class":66},[53,102616,240],{"class":228},[53,102618,1043],{"class":232},[53,102620,229],{"class":228},[53,102622,74],{"class":66},[53,102624,240],{"class":228},[53,102626,17324],{"class":232},[53,102628,229],{"class":228},[53,102630,9197],{"class":66},[53,102632,102633,102635,102637,102640,102642,102644,102646,102648],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,102634,1115],{"class":59},[53,102636,99],{"class":66},[53,102638,102639],{"class":102},"discard",[53,102641,127],{"class":66},[53,102643,229],{"class":228},[53,102645,1043],{"class":232},[53,102647,229],{"class":228},[53,102649,133],{"class":66},[53,102651,102652,102654,102656,102658],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,102653,145],{"class":144},[53,102655,127],{"class":66},[53,102657,1115],{"class":102},[53,102659,133],{"class":66},[53,102661,102662],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,102663,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,102665,102666,102668,102670,102672,102674,102676,102678,102680,102682],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,102667,1115],{"class":59},[53,102669,99],{"class":66},[53,102671,102639],{"class":102},[53,102673,127],{"class":66},[53,102675,229],{"class":228},[53,102677,22393],{"class":232},[53,102679,229],{"class":228},[53,102681,153],{"class":66},[53,102683,102684],{"class":156},"  # no error if missing\n",[53,102686,102687,102689,102691,102693],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,102688,145],{"class":144},[53,102690,127],{"class":66},[53,102692,1115],{"class":102},[53,102694,133],{"class":66},[20,102696,29901],{},[44,102698,102700],{"className":46,"code":102699,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,102701,102702,102722],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,102703,102704,102706,102708,102710,102712,102714,102716,102718,102720],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,102705,9166],{"class":66},[53,102707,314],{"class":228},[53,102709,1034],{"class":232},[53,102711,314],{"class":228},[53,102713,74],{"class":66},[53,102715,323],{"class":228},[53,102717,17324],{"class":232},[53,102719,314],{"class":228},[53,102721,9197],{"class":66},[53,102723,102724,102726,102728,102730,102732,102734,102736,102738,102740],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,102725,9166],{"class":66},[53,102727,314],{"class":228},[53,102729,1034],{"class":232},[53,102731,314],{"class":228},[53,102733,74],{"class":66},[53,102735,323],{"class":228},[53,102737,17324],{"class":232},[53,102739,314],{"class":228},[53,102741,9197],{"class":66},[20,102743,174,102744,102746],{},[15,102745,102572],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[39,102748,184,102750,187],{"id":102749},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,102751,102577],{},[20,102753,102754,192],{},[15,102755,102572],{},[194,102757,102758,102761,102764,102766],{},[197,102759,102760],{},"Removes one item from a set",[197,102762,102763],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[197,102765,96033],{},[197,102767,11312,102768],{},[15,102769,3664],{},[20,102771,102772],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,102774,96042,102775,2765,102778,99],{},[758,102776,102777],{"href":98509},"what a set is in Python",[758,102779,102780],{"href":97601},"how to create a set",[39,102782,372],{"id":371},[44,102784,102786],{"className":46,"code":102785,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,102787,102788],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,102789,102790,102792,102794,102796,102798,102800],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,102791,15537],{"class":59},[53,102793,99],{"class":66},[53,102795,102639],{"class":102},[53,102797,127],{"class":66},[53,102799,2360],{"class":102},[53,102801,133],{"class":66},[194,102803,102804,102809,102814,102817],{},[197,102805,102806,102808],{},[15,102807,15537],{}," is the set you want to change",[197,102810,102811,102813],{},[15,102812,2360],{}," is the item you want to remove",[197,102815,102816],{},"The set must already exist",[197,102818,102819],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[1327,102821,102823],{"id":102822},"example","Example",[44,102825,102827],{"className":46,"code":102826,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,102828,102829,102853,102867],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,102830,102831,102833,102835,102837,102839,102841,102843,102845,102847,102849,102851],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,102832,60],{"class":59},[53,102834,31],{"class":63},[53,102836,10379],{"class":66},[53,102838,71],{"class":70},[53,102840,74],{"class":66},[53,102842,77],{"class":70},[53,102844,74],{"class":66},[53,102846,82],{"class":70},[53,102848,74],{"class":66},[53,102850,597],{"class":70},[53,102852,9197],{"class":66},[53,102854,102855,102857,102859,102861,102863,102865],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,102856,150],{"class":59},[53,102858,99],{"class":66},[53,102860,102639],{"class":102},[53,102862,127],{"class":66},[53,102864,815],{"class":70},[53,102866,133],{"class":66},[53,102868,102869,102871,102873,102875],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,102870,145],{"class":144},[53,102872,127],{"class":66},[53,102874,150],{"class":102},[53,102876,133],{"class":66},[20,102878,301],{},[44,102880,102882],{"className":46,"code":102881,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,102883,102884],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,102885,102886,102888,102890,102892,102894,102896,102898],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,102887,9166],{"class":66},[53,102889,71],{"class":70},[53,102891,74],{"class":66},[53,102893,77],{"class":70},[53,102895,74],{"class":66},[53,102897,597],{"class":70},[53,102899,9197],{"class":66},[39,102901,102903,102904,102906],{"id":102902},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,102905,102572],{}," different",[20,102908,102909,102911],{},[15,102910,102572],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[194,102913,102914,102927,102936],{},[197,102915,102916,102917,2076,102921,102923,102924,102926],{},"Unlike ",[758,102918,102919],{"href":97927},[15,102920,55393],{},[15,102922,102572],{}," does not raise ",[15,102925,19555],{}," when the item is missing",[197,102928,102916,102929,2076,102933,102935],{},[758,102930,102931],{"href":97932},[15,102932,12650],{},[15,102934,102572],{}," removes a specific item",[197,102937,102938],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[1327,102940,102942,10474,102944],{"id":102941},"discard-vs-remove",[15,102943,102572],{},[15,102945,55393],{},[44,102947,102949],{"className":46,"code":102948,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,102950,102951,102975,102979,103000,103010,103014,103035],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,102952,102953,102955,102957,102959,102961,102963,102965,102967,102969,102971,102973],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,102954,7667],{"class":59},[53,102956,31],{"class":63},[53,102958,10379],{"class":66},[53,102960,229],{"class":228},[53,102962,233],{"class":232},[53,102964,229],{"class":228},[53,102966,74],{"class":66},[53,102968,240],{"class":228},[53,102970,243],{"class":232},[53,102972,229],{"class":228},[53,102974,9197],{"class":66},[53,102976,102977],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,102978,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,102980,102981,102983,102985,102987,102989,102991,102993,102995,102997],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,102982,7696],{"class":59},[53,102984,99],{"class":66},[53,102986,102639],{"class":102},[53,102988,127],{"class":66},[53,102990,229],{"class":228},[53,102992,252],{"class":232},[53,102994,229],{"class":228},[53,102996,153],{"class":66},[53,102998,102999],{"class":156},"   # no error\n",[53,103001,103002,103004,103006,103008],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,103003,145],{"class":144},[53,103005,127],{"class":66},[53,103007,7696],{"class":102},[53,103009,133],{"class":66},[53,103011,103012],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,103013,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,103015,103016,103018,103020,103022,103024,103026,103028,103030,103032],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,103017,7696],{"class":59},[53,103019,99],{"class":66},[53,103021,34668],{"class":102},[53,103023,127],{"class":66},[53,103025,229],{"class":228},[53,103027,243],{"class":232},[53,103029,229],{"class":228},[53,103031,153],{"class":66},[53,103033,103034],{"class":156},"    # removes existing item\n",[53,103036,103037,103039,103041,103043],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,103038,145],{"class":144},[53,103040,127],{"class":66},[53,103042,7696],{"class":102},[53,103044,133],{"class":66},[20,103046,301],{},[44,103048,103050],{"className":46,"code":103049,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,103051,103052,103072],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103053,103054,103056,103058,103060,103062,103064,103066,103068,103070],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103055,9166],{"class":66},[53,103057,314],{"class":228},[53,103059,233],{"class":232},[53,103061,314],{"class":228},[53,103063,74],{"class":66},[53,103065,323],{"class":228},[53,103067,243],{"class":232},[53,103069,314],{"class":228},[53,103071,9197],{"class":66},[53,103073,103074,103076,103078,103080,103082],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,103075,9166],{"class":66},[53,103077,314],{"class":228},[53,103079,233],{"class":232},[53,103081,314],{"class":228},[53,103083,9197],{"class":66},[20,103085,40216,103086,103088,103089,103091],{},[15,103087,55393],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[758,103090,10963],{"href":10962}," for more help with that case.",[39,103093,103095],{"id":103094},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,103097,103098,2285,103100,99],{},[15,103099,102572],{},[15,103101,3664],{},[20,103103,103104],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[44,103106,103108],{"className":46,"code":103107,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,103109,103110,103142,103164,103168],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103111,103112,103114,103116,103118,103120,103122,103124,103126,103128,103130,103132,103134,103136,103138,103140],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103113,1025],{"class":59},[53,103115,31],{"class":63},[53,103117,10379],{"class":66},[53,103119,229],{"class":228},[53,103121,1034],{"class":232},[53,103123,229],{"class":228},[53,103125,74],{"class":66},[53,103127,240],{"class":228},[53,103129,1043],{"class":232},[53,103131,229],{"class":228},[53,103133,74],{"class":66},[53,103135,240],{"class":228},[53,103137,17324],{"class":232},[53,103139,229],{"class":228},[53,103141,9197],{"class":66},[53,103143,103144,103146,103148,103150,103152,103154,103156,103158,103160,103162],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,103145,2117],{"class":59},[53,103147,31],{"class":63},[53,103149,1057],{"class":59},[53,103151,99],{"class":66},[53,103153,102639],{"class":102},[53,103155,127],{"class":66},[53,103157,229],{"class":228},[53,103159,1043],{"class":232},[53,103161,229],{"class":228},[53,103163,133],{"class":66},[53,103165,103166],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,103167,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,103169,103170,103172,103174,103176],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,103171,145],{"class":144},[53,103173,127],{"class":66},[53,103175,2152],{"class":102},[53,103177,133],{"class":66},[20,103179,301],{},[44,103181,103182],{"className":46,"code":11698,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,103183,103184],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103185,103186],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103187,11698],{"class":3739},[20,103189,103190,103191,192],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,103192,1115],{},[44,103194,103196],{"className":46,"code":103195,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103197,103198,103230,103248,103252],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103199,103200,103202,103204,103206,103208,103210,103212,103214,103216,103218,103220,103222,103224,103226,103228],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103201,1025],{"class":59},[53,103203,31],{"class":63},[53,103205,10379],{"class":66},[53,103207,229],{"class":228},[53,103209,1034],{"class":232},[53,103211,229],{"class":228},[53,103213,74],{"class":66},[53,103215,240],{"class":228},[53,103217,1043],{"class":232},[53,103219,229],{"class":228},[53,103221,74],{"class":66},[53,103223,240],{"class":228},[53,103225,17324],{"class":232},[53,103227,229],{"class":228},[53,103229,9197],{"class":66},[53,103231,103232,103234,103236,103238,103240,103242,103244,103246],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,103233,1115],{"class":59},[53,103235,99],{"class":66},[53,103237,102639],{"class":102},[53,103239,127],{"class":66},[53,103241,229],{"class":228},[53,103243,1043],{"class":232},[53,103245,229],{"class":228},[53,103247,133],{"class":66},[53,103249,103250],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,103251,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,103253,103254,103256,103258,103260],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,103255,145],{"class":144},[53,103257,127],{"class":66},[53,103259,1115],{"class":102},[53,103261,133],{"class":66},[20,103263,301],{},[44,103265,103267],{"className":46,"code":103266,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103268,103269],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103270,103271,103273,103275,103277,103279,103281,103283,103285,103287],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103272,9166],{"class":66},[53,103274,314],{"class":228},[53,103276,1034],{"class":232},[53,103278,314],{"class":228},[53,103280,74],{"class":66},[53,103282,323],{"class":228},[53,103284,17324],{"class":232},[53,103286,314],{"class":228},[53,103288,9197],{"class":66},[39,103290,11364],{"id":11363},[20,103292,103293],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[44,103295,103297],{"className":46,"code":103296,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,103298,103299,103331,103335,103353,103357,103375,103379],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103300,103301,103303,103305,103307,103309,103311,103313,103315,103317,103319,103321,103323,103325,103327,103329],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103302,221],{"class":59},[53,103304,31],{"class":63},[53,103306,10379],{"class":66},[53,103308,229],{"class":228},[53,103310,233],{"class":232},[53,103312,229],{"class":228},[53,103314,74],{"class":66},[53,103316,240],{"class":228},[53,103318,243],{"class":232},[53,103320,229],{"class":228},[53,103322,74],{"class":66},[53,103324,240],{"class":228},[53,103326,252],{"class":232},[53,103328,229],{"class":228},[53,103330,9197],{"class":66},[53,103332,103333],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,103334,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,103336,103337,103339,103341,103343,103345,103347,103349,103351],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,103338,145],{"class":144},[53,103340,127],{"class":66},[53,103342,229],{"class":228},[53,103344,11453],{"class":232},[53,103346,229],{"class":228},[53,103348,74],{"class":66},[53,103350,266],{"class":102},[53,103352,133],{"class":66},[53,103354,103355],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,103356,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,103358,103359,103361,103363,103365,103367,103369,103371,103373],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,103360,285],{"class":59},[53,103362,99],{"class":66},[53,103364,102639],{"class":102},[53,103366,127],{"class":66},[53,103368,229],{"class":228},[53,103370,243],{"class":232},[53,103372,229],{"class":228},[53,103374,133],{"class":66},[53,103376,103377],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,103378,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,103380,103381,103383,103385,103387,103389,103391,103393,103395],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,103382,145],{"class":144},[53,103384,127],{"class":66},[53,103386,229],{"class":228},[53,103388,11493],{"class":232},[53,103390,229],{"class":228},[53,103392,74],{"class":66},[53,103394,266],{"class":102},[53,103396,133],{"class":66},[20,103398,301],{},[44,103400,103402],{"className":46,"code":103401,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103403,103404,103436],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103405,103406,103408,103410,103412,103414,103416,103418,103420,103422,103424,103426,103428,103430,103432,103434],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103407,11513],{"class":59},[53,103409,192],{"class":66},[53,103411,10379],{"class":66},[53,103413,314],{"class":228},[53,103415,243],{"class":232},[53,103417,314],{"class":228},[53,103419,74],{"class":66},[53,103421,323],{"class":228},[53,103423,233],{"class":232},[53,103425,314],{"class":228},[53,103427,74],{"class":66},[53,103429,323],{"class":228},[53,103431,252],{"class":232},[53,103433,314],{"class":228},[53,103435,9197],{"class":66},[53,103437,103438,103440,103442,103444,103446,103448,103450,103452,103454,103456,103458],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,103439,11566],{"class":59},[53,103441,192],{"class":66},[53,103443,10379],{"class":66},[53,103445,314],{"class":228},[53,103447,233],{"class":232},[53,103449,314],{"class":228},[53,103451,74],{"class":66},[53,103453,323],{"class":228},[53,103455,252],{"class":232},[53,103457,314],{"class":228},[53,103459,9197],{"class":66},[20,103461,103462],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[39,103464,103466],{"id":103465},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,103468,103469,103470,103472],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,103471,102572],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[44,103474,103476],{"className":46,"code":103475,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,103477,103478,103510,103514,103532,103536],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103479,103480,103482,103484,103486,103488,103490,103492,103494,103496,103498,103500,103502,103504,103506,103508],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103481,221],{"class":59},[53,103483,31],{"class":63},[53,103485,10379],{"class":66},[53,103487,229],{"class":228},[53,103489,233],{"class":232},[53,103491,229],{"class":228},[53,103493,74],{"class":66},[53,103495,240],{"class":228},[53,103497,243],{"class":232},[53,103499,229],{"class":228},[53,103501,74],{"class":66},[53,103503,240],{"class":228},[53,103505,252],{"class":232},[53,103507,229],{"class":228},[53,103509,9197],{"class":66},[53,103511,103512],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,103513,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,103515,103516,103518,103520,103522,103524,103526,103528,103530],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,103517,285],{"class":59},[53,103519,99],{"class":66},[53,103521,102639],{"class":102},[53,103523,127],{"class":66},[53,103525,229],{"class":228},[53,103527,22402],{"class":232},[53,103529,229],{"class":228},[53,103531,133],{"class":66},[53,103533,103534],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,103535,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,103537,103538,103540,103542,103544],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,103539,145],{"class":144},[53,103541,127],{"class":66},[53,103543,285],{"class":102},[53,103545,133],{"class":66},[20,103547,301],{},[44,103549,103551],{"className":46,"code":103550,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103552,103553],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103554,103555,103557,103559,103561,103563,103565,103567,103569,103571,103573,103575,103577,103579],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103556,9166],{"class":66},[53,103558,314],{"class":228},[53,103560,243],{"class":232},[53,103562,314],{"class":228},[53,103564,74],{"class":66},[53,103566,323],{"class":228},[53,103568,233],{"class":232},[53,103570,314],{"class":228},[53,103572,74],{"class":66},[53,103574,323],{"class":228},[53,103576,252],{"class":232},[53,103578,314],{"class":228},[53,103580,9197],{"class":66},[20,103582,103583],{},"No error happens here.",[20,103585,103586],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[44,103588,103590],{"className":46,"code":103589,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,103591,103592,103608],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103593,103594,103596,103598,103600,103602,103604,103606],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103595,6884],{"class":3764},[53,103597,240],{"class":228},[53,103599,22402],{"class":232},[53,103601,229],{"class":228},[53,103603,21042],{"class":63},[53,103605,266],{"class":59},[53,103607,6280],{"class":66},[53,103609,103610,103613,103615,103617,103619,103621,103623,103625],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,103611,103612],{"class":59},"    fruits",[53,103614,99],{"class":66},[53,103616,34668],{"class":102},[53,103618,127],{"class":66},[53,103620,229],{"class":228},[53,103622,22402],{"class":232},[53,103624,229],{"class":228},[53,103626,133],{"class":66},[20,103628,103629,103630,103632],{},"With ",[15,103631,102572],{},", you can simply write:",[44,103634,103636],{"className":46,"code":103635,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,103637,103638],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103639,103640,103642,103644,103646,103648,103650,103652,103654],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103641,285],{"class":59},[53,103643,99],{"class":66},[53,103645,102639],{"class":102},[53,103647,127],{"class":66},[53,103649,229],{"class":228},[53,103651,22402],{"class":232},[53,103653,229],{"class":228},[53,103655,133],{"class":66},[39,103657,1145,103659],{"id":103658},"when-to-use-discard",[15,103660,102572],{},[20,103662,174,103663,1152],{},[15,103664,102572],{},[194,103666,103667,103670,103673],{},[197,103668,103669],{},"Missing values are normal",[197,103671,103672],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[197,103674,103675],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,103677,103678],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[39,103680,2716],{"id":2715},[20,103682,8333,103683,99],{},[15,103684,102572],{},[1327,103686,8339,103688,103690],{"id":103687},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,103689,102572],{}," to return the changed set",[20,103692,4411],{},[44,103694,103696],{"className":46,"code":103695,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103697,103698,103718,103736,103740],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103699,103700,103702,103704,103706,103708,103710,103712,103714,103716],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103701,60],{"class":59},[53,103703,31],{"class":63},[53,103705,10379],{"class":66},[53,103707,71],{"class":70},[53,103709,74],{"class":66},[53,103711,77],{"class":70},[53,103713,74],{"class":66},[53,103715,82],{"class":70},[53,103717,9197],{"class":66},[53,103719,103720,103722,103724,103726,103728,103730,103732,103734],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,103721,60],{"class":59},[53,103723,31],{"class":63},[53,103725,96],{"class":59},[53,103727,99],{"class":66},[53,103729,102639],{"class":102},[53,103731,127],{"class":66},[53,103733,1589],{"class":70},[53,103735,133],{"class":66},[53,103737,103738],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,103739,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,103741,103742,103744,103746,103748],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,103743,145],{"class":144},[53,103745,127],{"class":66},[53,103747,150],{"class":102},[53,103749,133],{"class":66},[20,103751,103752,42026,103754,8488,103756,2285,103758,99],{},[15,103753,150],{},[15,103755,3664],{},[15,103757,102572],{},[15,103759,3664],{},[20,103761,18708],{},[44,103763,103765],{"className":46,"code":103764,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103766,103767,103787,103801,103805],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103768,103769,103771,103773,103775,103777,103779,103781,103783,103785],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103770,60],{"class":59},[53,103772,31],{"class":63},[53,103774,10379],{"class":66},[53,103776,71],{"class":70},[53,103778,74],{"class":66},[53,103780,77],{"class":70},[53,103782,74],{"class":66},[53,103784,82],{"class":70},[53,103786,9197],{"class":66},[53,103788,103789,103791,103793,103795,103797,103799],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,103790,150],{"class":59},[53,103792,99],{"class":66},[53,103794,102639],{"class":102},[53,103796,127],{"class":66},[53,103798,1589],{"class":70},[53,103800,133],{"class":66},[53,103802,103803],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,103804,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,103806,103807,103809,103811,103813],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,103808,145],{"class":144},[53,103810,127],{"class":66},[53,103812,150],{"class":102},[53,103814,133],{"class":66},[1327,103816,37078,103818,8591,103820],{"id":103817},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,103819,102572],{},[15,103821,55393],{},[20,103823,103824,103825,99],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,103826,102572],{},[44,103828,103830],{"className":46,"code":103829,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,103831,103832,103864,103885],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103833,103834,103836,103838,103840,103842,103844,103846,103848,103850,103852,103854,103856,103858,103860,103862],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103835,35966],{"class":59},[53,103837,31],{"class":63},[53,103839,10379],{"class":66},[53,103841,229],{"class":228},[53,103843,758],{"class":232},[53,103845,229],{"class":228},[53,103847,74],{"class":66},[53,103849,240],{"class":228},[53,103851,1376],{"class":232},[53,103853,229],{"class":228},[53,103855,74],{"class":66},[53,103857,240],{"class":228},[53,103859,9628],{"class":232},[53,103861,229],{"class":228},[53,103863,9197],{"class":66},[53,103865,103866,103868,103870,103872,103874,103876,103878,103880,103882],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,103867,36019],{"class":59},[53,103869,99],{"class":66},[53,103871,102639],{"class":102},[53,103873,127],{"class":66},[53,103875,229],{"class":228},[53,103877,21946],{"class":232},[53,103879,229],{"class":228},[53,103881,153],{"class":66},[53,103883,103884],{"class":156},"   # safe\n",[53,103886,103887,103889,103891,103893],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,103888,145],{"class":144},[53,103890,127],{"class":66},[53,103892,36019],{"class":102},[53,103894,133],{"class":66},[20,103896,103897,103898,45780,103901,99],{},"If you use ",[15,103899,103900],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,103902,19555],{},[1327,103904,1654,103906,103908],{"id":103905},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,103907,102572],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,103910,103911,101925],{},[15,103912,102572],{},[20,103914,16514],{},[44,103916,103918],{"className":46,"code":103917,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,103919,103920,103940],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103921,103922,103924,103926,103928,103930,103932,103934,103936,103938],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103923,7667],{"class":59},[53,103925,31],{"class":63},[53,103927,67],{"class":66},[53,103929,71],{"class":70},[53,103931,74],{"class":66},[53,103933,77],{"class":70},[53,103935,74],{"class":66},[53,103937,82],{"class":70},[53,103939,85],{"class":66},[53,103941,103942,103944,103946,103948,103950,103952],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,103943,7696],{"class":59},[53,103945,99],{"class":66},[53,103947,102639],{"class":102},[53,103949,127],{"class":66},[53,103951,1589],{"class":70},[53,103953,133],{"class":66},[20,103955,103956,103957,192],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,103958,102572],{},[44,103960,103962],{"className":46,"code":103961,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,103963,103964,103984,103998],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103965,103966,103968,103970,103972,103974,103976,103978,103980,103982],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103967,7667],{"class":59},[53,103969,31],{"class":63},[53,103971,10379],{"class":66},[53,103973,71],{"class":70},[53,103975,74],{"class":66},[53,103977,77],{"class":70},[53,103979,74],{"class":66},[53,103981,82],{"class":70},[53,103983,9197],{"class":66},[53,103985,103986,103988,103990,103992,103994,103996],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,103987,7696],{"class":59},[53,103989,99],{"class":66},[53,103991,102639],{"class":102},[53,103993,127],{"class":66},[53,103995,1589],{"class":70},[53,103997,133],{"class":66},[53,103999,104000,104002,104004,104006],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,104001,145],{"class":144},[53,104003,127],{"class":66},[53,104005,7696],{"class":102},[53,104007,133],{"class":66},[1327,104009,104011],{"id":104010},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,104013,104014],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,104016,2723],{},[44,104018,104020],{"className":46,"code":104019,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,104021,104022,104042],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104023,104024,104026,104028,104030,104032,104034,104036,104038,104040],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104025,9053],{"class":59},[53,104027,31],{"class":63},[53,104029,10379],{"class":66},[53,104031,71],{"class":70},[53,104033,74],{"class":66},[53,104035,77],{"class":70},[53,104037,74],{"class":66},[53,104039,82],{"class":70},[53,104041,9197],{"class":66},[53,104043,104044,104046,104048,104050,104052,104054],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,104045,9092],{"class":59},[53,104047,99],{"class":66},[53,104049,102639],{"class":102},[53,104051,2873],{"class":66},[53,104053,1589],{"class":70},[53,104055,3777],{"class":66},[20,104057,104058],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[39,104060,8759],{"id":8758},[20,104062,8762,104063,104065],{},[15,104064,102572],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[44,104067,104069],{"className":46,"code":104068,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,104070,104071,104081,104095,104109],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104072,104073,104075,104077,104079],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104074,145],{"class":144},[53,104076,127],{"class":66},[53,104078,15537],{"class":102},[53,104080,133],{"class":66},[53,104082,104083,104085,104087,104089,104091,104093],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,104084,145],{"class":144},[53,104086,127],{"class":66},[53,104088,1705],{"class":1704},[53,104090,127],{"class":66},[53,104092,15537],{"class":102},[53,104094,1713],{"class":66},[53,104096,104097,104099,104101,104103,104105,104107],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,104098,145],{"class":144},[53,104100,127],{"class":66},[53,104102,2335],{"class":102},[53,104104,3771],{"class":3764},[53,104106,96642],{"class":102},[53,104108,133],{"class":66},[53,104110,104111,104113,104115,104117,104119,104121],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,104112,32025],{"class":144},[53,104114,127],{"class":66},[53,104116,6173],{"class":1704},[53,104118,99],{"class":66},[53,104120,102639],{"class":24620},[53,104122,133],{"class":66},[20,104124,11059],{},[194,104126,104127,104130,104133,104136],{},[197,104128,104129],{},"What is currently in the set",[197,104131,104132],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[197,104134,104135],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[197,104137,104138],{},"How Python documents the method",[39,104140,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,104142,104144],{"id":104143},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,104146,104147,104148,104150],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,104149,102572],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[1327,104152,5025,104154,12603],{"id":104153},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,104155,102577],{},[20,104157,5031,104158,104160],{},[15,104159,3664],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[1327,104162,1739,104164,960,104166,1744],{"id":104163},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,104165,102572],{},[15,104167,55393],{},[20,104169,104170,104171,26408,104173,104175,104176,104178],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,104172,55393],{},[15,104174,19555],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,104177,102572],{}," does not.",[1327,104180,28199,104182,104184],{"id":104181},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,104183,102572],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,104186,46237,104187,104189],{},[15,104188,102572],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[39,104191,1788],{"id":1787},[194,104193,104194,104200,104206,104211,104215],{},[197,104195,104196],{},[758,104197,96532,104198,1316],{"href":97927},[15,104199,55393],{},[197,104201,104202],{},[758,104203,96532,104204,1316],{"href":97932},[15,104205,12650],{},[197,104207,104208],{},[758,104209,104210],{"href":97601},"Python set: creating a set",[197,104212,104213],{},[758,104214,100067],{"href":98509},[197,104216,104217],{},[758,104218,11151],{"href":10962},[1817,104220,104221],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":104223},[104224,104225,104227,104230,104235,104236,104237,104238,104240,104249,104250,104259],{"id":41,"depth":88,"text":42},{"id":102749,"depth":88,"text":104226},"What set.discard() does",{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372,"children":104228},[104229],{"id":102822,"depth":109,"text":102823},{"id":102902,"depth":88,"text":104231,"children":104232},"What makes discard() different",[104233],{"id":102941,"depth":109,"text":104234},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103094,"depth":88,"text":103095},{"id":11363,"depth":88,"text":11364},{"id":103465,"depth":88,"text":103466},{"id":103658,"depth":88,"text":104239},"When to use discard()",{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716,"children":104241},[104242,104244,104246,104248],{"id":103687,"depth":109,"text":104243},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":103817,"depth":109,"text":104245},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":103905,"depth":109,"text":104247},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104010,"depth":109,"text":104011},{"id":8758,"depth":88,"text":8759},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":104251},[104252,104253,104255,104257],{"id":104143,"depth":109,"text":104144},{"id":104153,"depth":109,"text":104254},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104163,"depth":109,"text":104256},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104181,"depth":109,"text":104258},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102564,"description":104260},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104267,"title":104268,"body":104269,"description":106275,"extension":1853,"meta":106276,"navigation":112,"path":106277,"seo":106278,"stem":106279,"__hash__":106280},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104270,"toc":106233},[104271,104274,104282,104287,104298,104300,104355,104359,104379,104384,104388,104393,104395,104409,104411,104486,104488,104521,104526,104531,104533,104535,104550,104553,104561,104566,104581,104583,104672,104674,104763,104769,104773,104775,104813,104815,104839,104842,104857,104859,104914,104916,104949,104951,104956,104960,104964,104969,105034,105036,105056,105062,105066,105123,105125,105146,105150,105155,105200,105202,105235,105238,105242,105275,105277,105306,105310,105314,105317,105319,105338,105340,105386,105391,105405,105407,105438,105443,105446,105490,105492,105520,105524,105528,105544,105547,105612,105614,105626,105629,105633,105636,105641,105669,105671,105689,105695,105734,105736,105754,105760,105789,105791,105809,105812,105829,105831,105836,105840,105843,105869,105876,105881,105896,105905,105909,105912,105943,105949,105952,105961,105964,105966,105968,106026,106029,106054,106056,106060,106063,106067,106075,106079,106082,106086,106089,106091,106114,106116,106157,106164,106172,106175,106206,106208,106230],[10,104272,104268],{"id":104273},"python-set-function-explained",[20,104275,9010,104276,104278,104279,99],{},[15,104277,3683],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[34,104280,104281],{},"unique values only",[20,104283,35280,104284,104286],{},[15,104285,3683],{}," to:",[194,104288,104289,104292,104295],{},[197,104290,104291],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[197,104293,104294],{},"check whether a value exists",[197,104296,104297],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[39,104299,42],{"id":41},[44,104301,104303],{"className":46,"code":104302,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,104304,104305,104329,104344],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104306,104307,104309,104311,104313,104315,104317,104319,104321,104323,104325,104327],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104308,60],{"class":59},[53,104310,31],{"class":63},[53,104312,67],{"class":66},[53,104314,71],{"class":70},[53,104316,74],{"class":66},[53,104318,77],{"class":70},[53,104320,74],{"class":66},[53,104322,77],{"class":70},[53,104324,74],{"class":66},[53,104326,82],{"class":70},[53,104328,85],{"class":66},[53,104330,104331,104334,104336,104338,104340,104342],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,104332,104333],{"class":59},"unique_numbers ",[53,104335,31],{"class":63},[53,104337,15504],{"class":1704},[53,104339,127],{"class":66},[53,104341,150],{"class":102},[53,104343,133],{"class":66},[53,104345,104346,104348,104350,104353],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,104347,145],{"class":144},[53,104349,127],{"class":66},[53,104351,104352],{"class":102},"unique_numbers",[53,104354,133],{"class":66},[20,104356,104357],{},[34,104358,301],{},[44,104360,104361],{"className":46,"code":96325,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,104362,104363],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104364,104365,104367,104369,104371,104373,104375,104377],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104366,9166],{"class":66},[53,104368,71],{"class":70},[53,104370,74],{"class":66},[53,104372,77],{"class":70},[53,104374,74],{"class":66},[53,104376,82],{"class":70},[53,104378,9197],{"class":66},[20,104380,174,104381,104383],{},[15,104382,3683],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[39,104385,104387],{"id":104386},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,104389,104390,104392],{},[15,104391,3683],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,104394,30412],{},[194,104396,104397,104400,104403,104406],{},[197,104398,104399],{},"A set stores unique items only",[197,104401,104402],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[197,104404,104405],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[197,104407,104408],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,104410,211],{},[44,104412,104414],{"className":46,"code":104413,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,104415,104416,104456,104471,104475],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104417,104418,104420,104422,104424,104426,104428,104430,104432,104434,104436,104438,104440,104442,104444,104446,104448,104450,104452,104454],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104419,1025],{"class":59},[53,104421,31],{"class":63},[53,104423,67],{"class":66},[53,104425,229],{"class":228},[53,104427,1034],{"class":232},[53,104429,229],{"class":228},[53,104431,74],{"class":66},[53,104433,240],{"class":228},[53,104435,1043],{"class":232},[53,104437,229],{"class":228},[53,104439,74],{"class":66},[53,104441,240],{"class":228},[53,104443,1034],{"class":232},[53,104445,229],{"class":228},[53,104447,74],{"class":66},[53,104449,240],{"class":228},[53,104451,17324],{"class":232},[53,104453,229],{"class":228},[53,104455,85],{"class":66},[53,104457,104458,104461,104463,104465,104467,104469],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,104459,104460],{"class":59},"unique_colors ",[53,104462,31],{"class":63},[53,104464,15504],{"class":1704},[53,104466,127],{"class":66},[53,104468,1115],{"class":102},[53,104470,133],{"class":66},[53,104472,104473],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,104474,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,104476,104477,104479,104481,104484],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,104478,145],{"class":144},[53,104480,127],{"class":66},[53,104482,104483],{"class":102},"unique_colors",[53,104485,133],{"class":66},[20,104487,29901],{},[44,104489,104491],{"className":46,"code":104490,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,104492,104493],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104494,104495,104497,104499,104501,104503,104505,104507,104509,104511,104513,104515,104517,104519],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104496,9166],{"class":66},[53,104498,314],{"class":228},[53,104500,1043],{"class":232},[53,104502,314],{"class":228},[53,104504,74],{"class":66},[53,104506,323],{"class":228},[53,104508,17324],{"class":232},[53,104510,314],{"class":228},[53,104512,74],{"class":66},[53,104514,323],{"class":228},[53,104516,1034],{"class":232},[53,104518,314],{"class":228},[53,104520,9197],{"class":66},[20,104522,2174,104523,104525],{},[15,104524,65107],{}," appears only once.",[20,104527,104528,104529,99],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[758,104530,96046],{"href":96045},[39,104532,372],{"id":371},[20,104534,375],{},[44,104536,104538],{"className":46,"code":104537,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set(iterable)\n",[15,104539,104540],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104541,104542,104544,104546,104548],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104543,6173],{"class":1704},[53,104545,127],{"class":66},[53,104547,3606],{"class":102},[53,104549,133],{"class":66},[20,104551,104552],{},"The argument is optional.",[194,104554,104555,104558],{},[197,104556,104557],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[197,104559,104560],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,104562,104563,104564,192],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,104565,3683],{},[194,104567,104568,104570,104572,104574,104578],{},[197,104569,7979],{},[197,104571,48826],{},[197,104573,60888],{},[197,104575,104576],{},[15,104577,36073],{},[197,104579,104580],{},"another set",[20,104582,2013],{},[44,104584,104586],{"className":46,"code":104585,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,104587,104588,104614,104636,104654],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104589,104590,104592,104594,104596,104598,104600,104602,104604,104606,104608,104610,104612],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104591,145],{"class":144},[53,104593,127],{"class":66},[53,104595,6173],{"class":1704},[53,104597,2873],{"class":66},[53,104599,71],{"class":70},[53,104601,74],{"class":66},[53,104603,77],{"class":70},[53,104605,74],{"class":66},[53,104607,77],{"class":70},[53,104609,74],{"class":66},[53,104611,82],{"class":70},[53,104613,2886],{"class":66},[53,104615,104616,104618,104620,104622,104624,104626,104628,104630,104632,104634],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,104617,145],{"class":144},[53,104619,127],{"class":66},[53,104621,6173],{"class":1704},[53,104623,5395],{"class":66},[53,104625,1188],{"class":70},[53,104627,74],{"class":66},[53,104629,1193],{"class":70},[53,104631,74],{"class":66},[53,104633,5890],{"class":70},[53,104635,2799],{"class":66},[53,104637,104638,104640,104642,104644,104646,104648,104650,104652],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,104639,145],{"class":144},[53,104641,127],{"class":66},[53,104643,6173],{"class":1704},[53,104645,127],{"class":66},[53,104647,229],{"class":228},[53,104649,3732],{"class":232},[53,104651,229],{"class":228},[53,104653,1713],{"class":66},[53,104655,104656,104658,104660,104662,104664,104666,104668,104670],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,104657,145],{"class":144},[53,104659,127],{"class":66},[53,104661,6173],{"class":1704},[53,104663,127],{"class":66},[53,104665,59712],{"class":144},[53,104667,127],{"class":66},[53,104669,130],{"class":70},[53,104671,2799],{"class":66},[20,104673,29901],{},[44,104675,104677],{"className":46,"code":104676,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,104678,104679,104695,104707,104743],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104680,104681,104683,104685,104687,104689,104691,104693],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104682,9166],{"class":66},[53,104684,71],{"class":70},[53,104686,74],{"class":66},[53,104688,77],{"class":70},[53,104690,74],{"class":66},[53,104692,82],{"class":70},[53,104694,9197],{"class":66},[53,104696,104697,104699,104701,104703,104705],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,104698,9166],{"class":66},[53,104700,1188],{"class":70},[53,104702,74],{"class":66},[53,104704,1193],{"class":70},[53,104706,9197],{"class":66},[53,104708,104709,104711,104713,104715,104717,104719,104721,104723,104725,104727,104729,104731,104733,104735,104737,104739,104741],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,104710,9166],{"class":66},[53,104712,314],{"class":228},[53,104714,60152],{"class":232},[53,104716,314],{"class":228},[53,104718,74],{"class":66},[53,104720,323],{"class":228},[53,104722,60161],{"class":232},[53,104724,314],{"class":228},[53,104726,74],{"class":66},[53,104728,323],{"class":228},[53,104730,60170],{"class":232},[53,104732,314],{"class":228},[53,104734,74],{"class":66},[53,104736,323],{"class":228},[53,104738,60187],{"class":232},[53,104740,314],{"class":228},[53,104742,9197],{"class":66},[53,104744,104745,104747,104749,104751,104753,104755,104757,104759,104761],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,104746,9166],{"class":66},[53,104748,852],{"class":70},[53,104750,74],{"class":66},[53,104752,5382],{"class":70},[53,104754,74],{"class":66},[53,104756,77],{"class":70},[53,104758,74],{"class":66},[53,104760,82],{"class":70},[53,104762,9197],{"class":66},[20,104764,104765,104766,99],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[758,104767,104768],{"href":64562},"Python list() function explained",[39,104770,104772],{"id":104771},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,104774,97998],{},[44,104776,104777],{"className":46,"code":98963,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,104778,104779,104789,104799],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104780,104781,104783,104785,104787],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104782,98008],{"class":59},[53,104784,31],{"class":63},[53,104786,15504],{"class":1704},[53,104788,106],{"class":66},[53,104790,104791,104793,104795,104797],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,104792,145],{"class":144},[53,104794,127],{"class":66},[53,104796,98027],{"class":102},[53,104798,133],{"class":66},[53,104800,104801,104803,104805,104807,104809,104811],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,104802,145],{"class":144},[53,104804,127],{"class":66},[53,104806,1705],{"class":1704},[53,104808,127],{"class":66},[53,104810,98027],{"class":102},[53,104812,1713],{"class":66},[20,104814,301],{},[44,104816,104817],{"className":46,"code":99006,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,104818,104819,104825],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104820,104821,104823],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104822,6173],{"class":1704},[53,104824,106],{"class":66},[53,104826,104827,104829,104831,104833,104835,104837],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,104828,3178],{"class":63},[53,104830,3181],{"class":1954},[53,104832,323],{"class":228},[53,104834,6173],{"class":232},[53,104836,314],{"class":228},[53,104838,3190],{"class":63},[20,104840,104841],{},"This is important because:",[194,104843,104844,104849],{},[197,104845,104846,104848],{},[15,104847,3683],{}," creates an empty set",[197,104850,104851,104853,104854,104856],{},[15,104852,3678],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[34,104855,36],{}," a set",[20,104858,211],{},[44,104860,104862],{"className":46,"code":104861,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,104863,104864,104874,104882,104886,104900],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104865,104866,104868,104870,104872],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104867,1345],{"class":59},[53,104869,31],{"class":63},[53,104871,15504],{"class":1704},[53,104873,106],{"class":66},[53,104875,104876,104878,104880],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,104877,1366],{"class":59},[53,104879,31],{"class":63},[53,104881,9727],{"class":66},[53,104883,104884],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,104885,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,104887,104888,104890,104892,104894,104896,104898],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,104889,145],{"class":144},[53,104891,127],{"class":66},[53,104893,1705],{"class":1704},[53,104895,127],{"class":66},[53,104897,758],{"class":102},[53,104899,1713],{"class":66},[53,104901,104902,104904,104906,104908,104910,104912],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,104903,145],{"class":144},[53,104905,127],{"class":66},[53,104907,1705],{"class":1704},[53,104909,127],{"class":66},[53,104911,1376],{"class":102},[53,104913,1713],{"class":66},[20,104915,301],{},[44,104917,104919],{"className":46,"code":104918,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,104920,104921,104935],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104922,104923,104925,104927,104929,104931,104933],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104924,3178],{"class":63},[53,104926,3181],{"class":1954},[53,104928,323],{"class":228},[53,104930,6173],{"class":232},[53,104932,314],{"class":228},[53,104934,3190],{"class":63},[53,104936,104937,104939,104941,104943,104945,104947],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,104938,3178],{"class":63},[53,104940,3181],{"class":1954},[53,104942,323],{"class":228},[53,104944,8708],{"class":232},[53,104946,314],{"class":228},[53,104948,3190],{"class":63},[20,104950,13924],{},[20,104952,104953,104954,99],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[758,104955,104210],{"href":96049},[39,104957,104959],{"id":104958},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[1327,104961,104963],{"id":104962},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,104965,104966,104967,99],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,104968,3683],{},[44,104970,104972],{"className":46,"code":104971,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,104973,104974,105006,105020,105024],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104975,104976,104978,104980,104982,104984,104986,104988,104990,104992,104994,104996,104998,105000,105002,105004],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104977,60],{"class":59},[53,104979,31],{"class":63},[53,104981,67],{"class":66},[53,104983,71],{"class":70},[53,104985,74],{"class":66},[53,104987,77],{"class":70},[53,104989,74],{"class":66},[53,104991,77],{"class":70},[53,104993,74],{"class":66},[53,104995,82],{"class":70},[53,104997,74],{"class":66},[53,104999,82],{"class":70},[53,105001,74],{"class":66},[53,105003,82],{"class":70},[53,105005,85],{"class":66},[53,105007,105008,105010,105012,105014,105016,105018],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,105009,2117],{"class":59},[53,105011,31],{"class":63},[53,105013,15504],{"class":1704},[53,105015,127],{"class":66},[53,105017,150],{"class":102},[53,105019,133],{"class":66},[53,105021,105022],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,105023,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,105025,105026,105028,105030,105032],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,105027,145],{"class":144},[53,105029,127],{"class":66},[53,105031,2152],{"class":102},[53,105033,133],{"class":66},[20,105035,301],{},[44,105037,105038],{"className":46,"code":96325,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,105039,105040],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105041,105042,105044,105046,105048,105050,105052,105054],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105043,9166],{"class":66},[53,105045,71],{"class":70},[53,105047,74],{"class":66},[53,105049,77],{"class":70},[53,105051,74],{"class":66},[53,105053,82],{"class":70},[53,105055,9197],{"class":66},[20,105057,105058,105059,99],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[758,105060,98796],{"href":105061},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[1327,105063,105065],{"id":105064},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[44,105067,105069],{"className":46,"code":105068,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105070,105071,105095,105109,105113],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105072,105073,105075,105077,105079,105081,105083,105085,105087,105089,105091,105093],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105074,3709],{"class":59},[53,105076,31],{"class":63},[53,105078,9124],{"class":66},[53,105080,2024],{"class":70},[53,105082,74],{"class":66},[53,105084,4491],{"class":70},[53,105086,74],{"class":66},[53,105088,5890],{"class":70},[53,105090,74],{"class":66},[53,105092,37811],{"class":70},[53,105094,133],{"class":66},[53,105096,105097,105099,105101,105103,105105,105107],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,105098,2117],{"class":59},[53,105100,31],{"class":63},[53,105102,15504],{"class":1704},[53,105104,127],{"class":66},[53,105106,5242],{"class":102},[53,105108,133],{"class":66},[53,105110,105111],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,105112,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,105114,105115,105117,105119,105121],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,105116,145],{"class":144},[53,105118,127],{"class":66},[53,105120,2152],{"class":102},[53,105122,133],{"class":66},[20,105124,301],{},[44,105126,105128],{"className":46,"code":105127,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,105129,105130],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105131,105132,105134,105136,105138,105140,105142,105144],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105133,9166],{"class":66},[53,105135,2024],{"class":70},[53,105137,74],{"class":66},[53,105139,5890],{"class":70},[53,105141,74],{"class":66},[53,105143,37811],{"class":70},[53,105145,9197],{"class":66},[1327,105147,105149],{"id":105148},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,105151,50999,105152,105154],{},[15,105153,3683],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[44,105156,105158],{"className":46,"code":105157,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105159,105160,105172,105186,105190],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105161,105162,105164,105166,105168,105170],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105163,34561],{"class":59},[53,105165,31],{"class":63},[53,105167,240],{"class":228},[53,105169,243],{"class":232},[53,105171,1682],{"class":228},[53,105173,105174,105176,105178,105180,105182,105184],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,105175,2117],{"class":59},[53,105177,31],{"class":63},[53,105179,15504],{"class":1704},[53,105181,127],{"class":66},[53,105183,34582],{"class":102},[53,105185,133],{"class":66},[53,105187,105188],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,105189,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,105191,105192,105194,105196,105198],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,105193,145],{"class":144},[53,105195,127],{"class":66},[53,105197,2152],{"class":102},[53,105199,133],{"class":66},[20,105201,29901],{},[44,105203,105205],{"className":46,"code":105204,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,105206,105207],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105208,105209,105211,105213,105215,105217,105219,105221,105223,105225,105227,105229,105231,105233],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105210,9166],{"class":66},[53,105212,314],{"class":228},[53,105214,1376],{"class":232},[53,105216,314],{"class":228},[53,105218,74],{"class":66},[53,105220,323],{"class":228},[53,105222,758],{"class":232},[53,105224,314],{"class":228},[53,105226,74],{"class":66},[53,105228,323],{"class":228},[53,105230,75745],{"class":232},[53,105232,314],{"class":228},[53,105234,9197],{"class":66},[20,105236,105237],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[1327,105239,105241],{"id":105240},"from-range","From range()",[44,105243,105245],{"className":46,"code":105244,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,105246,105247,105265],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105248,105249,105251,105253,105255,105257,105259,105261,105263],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105250,2117],{"class":59},[53,105252,31],{"class":63},[53,105254,15504],{"class":1704},[53,105256,127],{"class":66},[53,105258,59712],{"class":144},[53,105260,127],{"class":66},[53,105262,2024],{"class":70},[53,105264,1713],{"class":66},[53,105266,105267,105269,105271,105273],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,105268,145],{"class":144},[53,105270,127],{"class":66},[53,105272,2152],{"class":102},[53,105274,133],{"class":66},[20,105276,301],{},[44,105278,105280],{"className":46,"code":105279,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,105281,105282],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105283,105284,105286,105288,105290,105292,105294,105296,105298,105300,105302,105304],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105285,9166],{"class":66},[53,105287,852],{"class":70},[53,105289,74],{"class":66},[53,105291,5382],{"class":70},[53,105293,74],{"class":66},[53,105295,77],{"class":70},[53,105297,74],{"class":66},[53,105299,82],{"class":70},[53,105301,74],{"class":66},[53,105303,597],{"class":70},[53,105305,9197],{"class":66},[39,105307,105309],{"id":105308},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,105311,99243,105312,99],{},[34,105313,96089],{},[20,105315,105316],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,105318,99249],{},[194,105320,105321,105325,105329,105333],{},[197,105322,105323],{},[15,105324,2075],{},[197,105326,105327],{},[15,105328,3330],{},[197,105330,105331],{},[15,105332,2079],{},[197,105334,105335,105337],{},[15,105336,48826],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,105339,211],{},[44,105341,105343],{"className":46,"code":105342,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,105344,105345,105376],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105346,105347,105349,105351,105353,105355,105357,105359,105361,105363,105365,105367,105369,105371,105373],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105348,7667],{"class":59},[53,105350,31],{"class":63},[53,105352,10379],{"class":66},[53,105354,71],{"class":70},[53,105356,74],{"class":66},[53,105358,240],{"class":228},[53,105360,3732],{"class":232},[53,105362,229],{"class":228},[53,105364,74],{"class":66},[53,105366,9124],{"class":66},[53,105368,1188],{"class":70},[53,105370,74],{"class":66},[53,105372,1193],{"class":70},[53,105374,105375],{"class":66},")}\n",[53,105377,105378,105380,105382,105384],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,105379,145],{"class":144},[53,105381,127],{"class":66},[53,105383,7696],{"class":102},[53,105385,133],{"class":66},[20,105387,99311,105388,105390],{},[34,105389,36],{}," work inside a set:",[194,105392,105393,105397,105401],{},[197,105394,105395],{},[15,105396,7979],{},[197,105398,105399],{},[15,105400,8708],{},[197,105402,105403],{},[15,105404,6173],{},[20,105406,96814],{},[44,105408,105410],{"className":46,"code":105409,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105411,105412],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105413,105414,105416,105418,105420,105422,105424,105426,105428,105430,105432,105434,105436],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105415,99330],{"class":59},[53,105417,31],{"class":63},[53,105419,99335],{"class":66},[53,105421,71],{"class":70},[53,105423,74],{"class":66},[53,105425,77],{"class":70},[53,105427,810],{"class":66},[53,105429,67],{"class":66},[53,105431,815],{"class":70},[53,105433,74],{"class":66},[53,105435,597],{"class":70},[53,105437,13583],{"class":66},[20,105439,76573,105440,105442],{},[15,105441,2892],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,105444,105445],{},"A safer example:",[44,105447,105449],{"className":46,"code":105448,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,105450,105451,105479],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105452,105453,105456,105458,105461,105463,105465,105467,105469,105471,105473,105475,105477],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105454,105455],{"class":59},"good_set ",[53,105457,31],{"class":63},[53,105459,105460],{"class":66}," {(",[53,105462,71],{"class":70},[53,105464,74],{"class":66},[53,105466,77],{"class":70},[53,105468,9121],{"class":66},[53,105470,9124],{"class":66},[53,105472,815],{"class":70},[53,105474,74],{"class":66},[53,105476,597],{"class":70},[53,105478,105375],{"class":66},[53,105480,105481,105483,105485,105488],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,105482,145],{"class":144},[53,105484,127],{"class":66},[53,105486,105487],{"class":102},"good_set",[53,105489,133],{"class":66},[20,105491,301],{},[44,105493,105495],{"className":46,"code":105494,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,105496,105497],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105498,105499,105502,105504,105506,105508,105510,105512,105514,105516,105518],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105500,105501],{"class":66},"{(",[53,105503,71],{"class":70},[53,105505,74],{"class":66},[53,105507,77],{"class":70},[53,105509,9121],{"class":66},[53,105511,9124],{"class":66},[53,105513,815],{"class":70},[53,105515,74],{"class":66},[53,105517,597],{"class":70},[53,105519,105375],{"class":66},[39,105521,105523],{"id":105522},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,105525,174,105526,1152],{},[15,105527,3683],{},[194,105529,105530,105533,105538,105541],{},[197,105531,105532],{},"you need unique values only",[197,105534,105535,105536],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,105537,3771],{},[197,105539,105540],{},"order does not matter",[197,105542,105543],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,105545,105546],{},"Example of membership checking:",[44,105548,105550],{"className":46,"code":105549,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,105551,105552,105577,105581,105597],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105553,105554,105557,105559,105561,105563,105565,105567,105570,105572,105575],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105555,105556],{"class":59},"allowed_ids ",[53,105558,31],{"class":63},[53,105560,15504],{"class":1704},[53,105562,2873],{"class":66},[53,105564,46464],{"class":70},[53,105566,74],{"class":66},[53,105568,105569],{"class":70}," 102",[53,105571,74],{"class":66},[53,105573,105574],{"class":70}," 103",[53,105576,3777],{"class":66},[53,105578,105579],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,105580,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,105582,105583,105585,105587,105590,105592,105595],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,105584,145],{"class":144},[53,105586,127],{"class":66},[53,105588,105589],{"class":70},"102",[53,105591,21042],{"class":3764},[53,105593,105594],{"class":102}," allowed_ids",[53,105596,133],{"class":66},[53,105598,105599,105601,105603,105606,105608,105610],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,105600,145],{"class":144},[53,105602,127],{"class":66},[53,105604,105605],{"class":70},"999",[53,105607,21042],{"class":3764},[53,105609,105594],{"class":102},[53,105611,133],{"class":66},[20,105613,301],{},[44,105615,105616],{"className":46,"code":44045,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,105617,105618,105622],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105619,105620],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105621,3868],{"class":3739},[53,105623,105624],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,105625,3929],{"class":3739},[20,105627,105628],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[39,105630,105632],{"id":105631},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,105634,105635],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[1327,105637,174,105639,97940],{"id":105638},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,105640,3683],{},[44,105642,105643],{"className":46,"code":98001,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,105644,105645,105655],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105646,105647,105649,105651,105653],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105648,98008],{"class":59},[53,105650,31],{"class":63},[53,105652,15504],{"class":1704},[53,105654,106],{"class":66},[53,105656,105657,105659,105661,105663,105665,105667],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,105658,145],{"class":144},[53,105660,127],{"class":66},[53,105662,1705],{"class":1704},[53,105664,127],{"class":66},[53,105666,98027],{"class":102},[53,105668,1713],{"class":66},[20,105670,301],{},[44,105672,105673],{"className":46,"code":8739,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,105674,105675],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105676,105677,105679,105681,105683,105685,105687],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105678,3178],{"class":63},[53,105680,3181],{"class":1954},[53,105682,323],{"class":228},[53,105684,6173],{"class":232},[53,105686,314],{"class":228},[53,105688,3190],{"class":63},[1327,105690,174,105692,105694],{"id":105691},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,105693,100000],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[44,105696,105698],{"className":46,"code":105697,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,105699,105700,105720],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105701,105702,105704,105706,105708,105710,105712,105714,105716,105718],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105703,60],{"class":59},[53,105705,31],{"class":63},[53,105707,10379],{"class":66},[53,105709,71],{"class":70},[53,105711,74],{"class":66},[53,105713,77],{"class":70},[53,105715,74],{"class":66},[53,105717,82],{"class":70},[53,105719,9197],{"class":66},[53,105721,105722,105724,105726,105728,105730,105732],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,105723,145],{"class":144},[53,105725,127],{"class":66},[53,105727,1705],{"class":1704},[53,105729,127],{"class":66},[53,105731,150],{"class":102},[53,105733,1713],{"class":66},[20,105735,301],{},[44,105737,105738],{"className":46,"code":8739,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,105739,105740],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105741,105742,105744,105746,105748,105750,105752],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105743,3178],{"class":63},[53,105745,3181],{"class":1954},[53,105747,323],{"class":228},[53,105749,6173],{"class":232},[53,105751,314],{"class":228},[53,105753,3190],{"class":63},[1327,105755,174,105757,105759],{"id":105756},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,105758,3678],{}," for an empty dictionary",[44,105761,105763],{"className":46,"code":105762,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,105764,105765,105774],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105766,105767,105770,105772],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105768,105769],{"class":59},"empty_dict ",[53,105771,31],{"class":63},[53,105773,9727],{"class":66},[53,105775,105776,105778,105780,105782,105784,105787],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,105777,145],{"class":144},[53,105779,127],{"class":66},[53,105781,1705],{"class":1704},[53,105783,127],{"class":66},[53,105785,105786],{"class":102},"empty_dict",[53,105788,1713],{"class":66},[20,105790,301],{},[44,105792,105793],{"className":46,"code":8695,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,105794,105795],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105796,105797,105799,105801,105803,105805,105807],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105798,3178],{"class":63},[53,105800,3181],{"class":1954},[53,105802,323],{"class":228},[53,105804,8708],{"class":232},[53,105806,314],{"class":228},[53,105808,3190],{"class":63},[20,105810,105811],{},"So the rule is simple:",[194,105813,105814,105819,105824],{},[197,105815,105816,105818],{},[15,105817,3683],{}," → empty set",[197,105820,105821,105823],{},[15,105822,100000],{}," → non-empty set",[197,105825,105826,105828],{},[15,105827,3678],{}," → empty dictionary",[39,105830,2716],{"id":2715},[20,105832,105833,105834,99],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,105835,3683],{},[1327,105837,485,105838,99598],{"id":99595},[15,105839,3678],{},[20,105841,105842],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[44,105844,105845],{"className":46,"code":99604,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,105846,105847,105855],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105848,105849,105851,105853],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105850,2335],{"class":59},[53,105852,31],{"class":63},[53,105854,9727],{"class":66},[53,105856,105857,105859,105861,105863,105865,105867],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,105858,145],{"class":144},[53,105860,127],{"class":66},[53,105862,1705],{"class":1704},[53,105864,127],{"class":66},[53,105866,2360],{"class":102},[53,105868,1713],{"class":66},[1327,105870,105872,105873],{"id":105871},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,105874,105875],{},"set(5)",[20,105877,105878,105880],{},[15,105879,3683],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[44,105882,105884],{"className":46,"code":105883,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set(5)\n",[15,105885,105886],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105887,105888,105890,105892,105894],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105889,6173],{"class":1704},[53,105891,127],{"class":66},[53,105893,2024],{"class":70},[53,105895,133],{"class":66},[20,105897,2889,105898,105900,105901,99],{},[15,105899,2892],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[758,105902,105904],{"href":105903},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[1327,105906,105908],{"id":105907},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,105910,105911],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[44,105913,105915],{"className":46,"code":105914,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105916,105917],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105918,105919,105921,105923,105925,105927,105929,105931,105933,105935,105937,105939,105941],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105920,2335],{"class":59},[53,105922,31],{"class":63},[53,105924,99335],{"class":66},[53,105926,71],{"class":70},[53,105928,74],{"class":66},[53,105930,77],{"class":70},[53,105932,810],{"class":66},[53,105934,67],{"class":66},[53,105936,815],{"class":70},[53,105938,74],{"class":66},[53,105940,597],{"class":70},[53,105942,13583],{"class":66},[1327,105944,8339,105946,105948],{"id":105945},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,105947,3683],{}," to keep the original order",[20,105950,105951],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[1327,105953,37078,105955,8591,105957,2765,105959],{"id":105954},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,105956,3683],{},[15,105958,24651],{},[15,105960,9007],{},[20,105962,105963],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[39,105965,60424],{"id":60423},[20,105967,11001],{},[44,105969,105971],{"className":46,"code":105970,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,105972,105973,105988,105998,106012],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105974,105975,105977,105979,105981,105983,105986],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105976,145],{"class":144},[53,105978,127],{"class":66},[53,105980,1705],{"class":1704},[53,105982,127],{"class":66},[53,105984,105985],{"class":102},"my_value",[53,105987,1713],{"class":66},[53,105989,105990,105992,105994,105996],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,105991,145],{"class":144},[53,105993,127],{"class":66},[53,105995,105985],{"class":102},[53,105997,133],{"class":66},[53,105999,106000,106002,106004,106006,106008,106010],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,106001,145],{"class":144},[53,106003,127],{"class":66},[53,106005,7979],{"class":1704},[53,106007,127],{"class":66},[53,106009,15537],{"class":102},[53,106011,1713],{"class":66},[53,106013,106014,106016,106018,106020,106022,106024],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,106015,145],{"class":144},[53,106017,127],{"class":66},[53,106019,11050],{"class":144},[53,106021,127],{"class":66},[53,106023,15537],{"class":102},[53,106025,1713],{"class":66},[20,106027,106028],{},"What they help you see:",[194,106030,106031,106037,106042,106048],{},[197,106032,106033,106036],{},[15,106034,106035],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[197,106038,106039,90264],{},[15,106040,106041],{},"print(my_value)",[197,106043,106044,106047],{},[15,106045,106046],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[197,106049,106050,106053],{},[15,106051,106052],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[39,106055,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,106057,106059],{"id":106058},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,106061,106062],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[1327,106064,106066],{"id":106065},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,106068,174,106069,106071,106072,106074],{},[15,106070,3683],{},". Do not use ",[15,106073,3678],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[1327,106076,106078],{"id":106077},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,106080,106081],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[1327,106083,106085],{"id":106084},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,106087,106088],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,106090,211],{},[44,106092,106094],{"className":46,"code":106093,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,106095,106096],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106097,106098,106100,106102,106104,106106,106108,106110,106112],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106099,145],{"class":144},[53,106101,127],{"class":66},[53,106103,6173],{"class":1704},[53,106105,127],{"class":66},[53,106107,229],{"class":228},[53,106109,233],{"class":232},[53,106111,229],{"class":228},[53,106113,1713],{"class":66},[20,106115,29901],{},[44,106117,106119],{"className":46,"code":106118,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,106120,106121],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106122,106123,106125,106127,106129,106131,106133,106135,106137,106139,106141,106143,106145,106147,106149,106151,106153,106155],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106124,9166],{"class":66},[53,106126,314],{"class":228},[53,106128,758],{"class":232},[53,106130,314],{"class":228},[53,106132,74],{"class":66},[53,106134,323],{"class":228},[53,106136,20],{"class":232},[53,106138,314],{"class":228},[53,106140,74],{"class":66},[53,106142,323],{"class":228},[53,106144,60170],{"class":232},[53,106146,314],{"class":228},[53,106148,74],{"class":66},[53,106150,323],{"class":228},[53,106152,60161],{"class":232},[53,106154,314],{"class":228},[53,106156,9197],{"class":66},[1327,106158,5041,106160,106163],{"id":106159},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,106161,106162],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,106165,106166,28556,106168,106171],{},[15,106167,3683],{},[34,106169,106170],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,106173,106174],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[44,106176,106178],{"className":46,"code":106177,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,106179,106180],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106181,106182,106184,106186,106188,106190,106192,106194,106196,106198,106200,106202,106204],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106183,145],{"class":144},[53,106185,127],{"class":66},[53,106187,6173],{"class":1704},[53,106189,2873],{"class":66},[53,106191,71],{"class":70},[53,106193,74],{"class":66},[53,106195,77],{"class":70},[53,106197,74],{"class":66},[53,106199,82],{"class":70},[53,106201,74],{"class":66},[53,106203,597],{"class":70},[53,106205,2886],{"class":66},[39,106207,1788],{"id":1787},[194,106209,106210,106214,106218,106222,106226],{},[197,106211,106212],{},[758,106213,96046],{"href":96045},[197,106215,106216],{},[758,106217,104210],{"href":96049},[197,106219,106220],{},[758,106221,100062],{"href":105061},[197,106223,106224],{},[758,106225,104768],{"href":64562},[197,106227,106228],{},[758,106229,105904],{"href":105903},[1817,106231,106232],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":106234},[106235,106236,106237,106238,106239,106245,106246,106247,106255,106265,106266,106274],{"id":41,"depth":88,"text":42},{"id":104386,"depth":88,"text":104387},{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372},{"id":104771,"depth":88,"text":104772},{"id":104958,"depth":88,"text":104959,"children":106240},[106241,106242,106243,106244],{"id":104962,"depth":109,"text":104963},{"id":105064,"depth":109,"text":105065},{"id":105148,"depth":109,"text":105149},{"id":105240,"depth":109,"text":105241},{"id":105308,"depth":88,"text":105309},{"id":105522,"depth":88,"text":105523},{"id":105631,"depth":88,"text":105632,"children":106248},[106249,106251,106253],{"id":105638,"depth":109,"text":106250},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105691,"depth":109,"text":106252},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":105756,"depth":109,"text":106254},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716,"children":106256},[106257,106258,106260,106261,106263],{"id":99595,"depth":109,"text":100103},{"id":105871,"depth":109,"text":106259},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":105907,"depth":109,"text":105908},{"id":105945,"depth":109,"text":106262},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":105954,"depth":109,"text":106264},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60423,"depth":88,"text":60424},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":106267},[106268,106269,106270,106271,106272],{"id":106058,"depth":109,"text":106059},{"id":106065,"depth":109,"text":106066},{"id":106077,"depth":109,"text":106078},{"id":106084,"depth":109,"text":106085},{"id":106159,"depth":109,"text":106273},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104268,"description":106275},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106282,"title":106283,"body":106284,"description":107799,"extension":1853,"meta":107800,"navigation":112,"path":107801,"seo":107802,"stem":107803,"__hash__":107804},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106285,"toc":107775},[106286,106292,106297,106300,106383,106388,106393,106398,106400,106413,106417,106419,106438,106441,106464,106467,106478,106480,106561,106563,106580,106582,106588,106591,106686,106688,106719,106721,106729,106731,106734,106845,106847,106872,106874,106896,106901,106906,106912,107021,107023,107039,107042,107045,107128,107130,107147,107155,107157,107161,107167,107258,107260,107293,107298,107305,107382,107384,107401,107407,107409,107413,107429,107432,107458,107460,107521,107523,107646,107648,107699,107705,107707,107712,107714,107720,107723,107727,107730,107734,107737,107747,107749,107772],[10,106287,3463,106289,18],{"id":106288},"python-setintersection-method",[15,106290,106291],{},"set.intersection()",[20,106293,1870,106294,106296],{},[15,106295,106291],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,106298,106299],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[44,106301,106303],{"className":46,"code":106302,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,106304,106305,106325,106345,106349,106368,106378],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106306,106307,106309,106311,106313,106315,106317,106319,106321,106323],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106308,1345],{"class":59},[53,106310,31],{"class":63},[53,106312,10379],{"class":66},[53,106314,71],{"class":70},[53,106316,74],{"class":66},[53,106318,77],{"class":70},[53,106320,74],{"class":66},[53,106322,82],{"class":70},[53,106324,9197],{"class":66},[53,106326,106327,106329,106331,106333,106335,106337,106339,106341,106343],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,106328,1366],{"class":59},[53,106330,31],{"class":63},[53,106332,10379],{"class":66},[53,106334,1589],{"class":70},[53,106336,74],{"class":66},[53,106338,82],{"class":70},[53,106340,74],{"class":66},[53,106342,597],{"class":70},[53,106344,9197],{"class":66},[53,106346,106347],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,106348,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,106350,106351,106353,106355,106357,106359,106362,106364,106366],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,106352,2117],{"class":59},[53,106354,31],{"class":63},[53,106356,1442],{"class":59},[53,106358,99],{"class":66},[53,106360,106361],{"class":102},"intersection",[53,106363,127],{"class":66},[53,106365,1376],{"class":102},[53,106367,133],{"class":66},[53,106369,106370,106372,106374,106376],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,106371,145],{"class":144},[53,106373,127],{"class":66},[53,106375,2152],{"class":102},[53,106377,133],{"class":66},[53,106379,106380],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,106381,106382],{"class":156},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,106384,174,106385,106387],{},[15,106386,102509],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[39,106389,12880,106391,12883],{"id":106390},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,106392,102509],{},[20,106394,106395,106397],{},[15,106396,102509],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,106399,12936],{},[194,106401,106402,106405,106407,106410],{},[197,106403,106404],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[197,106406,100279],{},[197,106408,106409],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[197,106411,106412],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,106414,96042,106415,99],{},[758,106416,96046],{"href":96045},[39,106418,372],{"id":371},[44,106420,106422],{"className":46,"code":106421,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,106423,106424],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106425,106426,106428,106430,106432,106434,106436],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106427,100303],{"class":59},[53,106429,99],{"class":66},[53,106431,106361],{"class":102},[53,106433,127],{"class":66},[53,106435,100312],{"class":102},[53,106437,133],{"class":66},[20,106439,106440],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[44,106442,106444],{"className":46,"code":106443,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,106445,106446],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106447,106448,106450,106452,106454,106456,106458,106460,106462],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106449,100303],{"class":59},[53,106451,99],{"class":66},[53,106453,106361],{"class":102},[53,106455,127],{"class":66},[53,106457,100312],{"class":102},[53,106459,74],{"class":66},[53,106461,100339],{"class":102},[53,106463,133],{"class":66},[20,106465,106466],{},"Important notes:",[194,106468,106469,106472,106475],{},[197,106470,106471],{},"The result is always a new set",[197,106473,106474],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[197,106476,106477],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,106479,211],{},[44,106481,106483],{"className":46,"code":106482,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106484,106485,106509,106529,106533,106551],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106486,106487,106489,106491,106493,106495,106497,106499,106501,106503,106505,106507],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106488,1345],{"class":59},[53,106490,31],{"class":63},[53,106492,10379],{"class":66},[53,106494,71],{"class":70},[53,106496,74],{"class":66},[53,106498,77],{"class":70},[53,106500,74],{"class":66},[53,106502,82],{"class":70},[53,106504,74],{"class":66},[53,106506,597],{"class":70},[53,106508,9197],{"class":66},[53,106510,106511,106513,106515,106517,106519,106521,106523,106525,106527],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,106512,1366],{"class":59},[53,106514,31],{"class":63},[53,106516,10379],{"class":66},[53,106518,815],{"class":70},[53,106520,74],{"class":66},[53,106522,597],{"class":70},[53,106524,74],{"class":66},[53,106526,4491],{"class":70},[53,106528,9197],{"class":66},[53,106530,106531],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,106532,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,106534,106535,106537,106539,106541,106543,106545,106547,106549],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,106536,2117],{"class":59},[53,106538,31],{"class":63},[53,106540,1442],{"class":59},[53,106542,99],{"class":66},[53,106544,106361],{"class":102},[53,106546,127],{"class":66},[53,106548,1376],{"class":102},[53,106550,133],{"class":66},[53,106552,106553,106555,106557,106559],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,106554,145],{"class":144},[53,106556,127],{"class":66},[53,106558,2152],{"class":102},[53,106560,133],{"class":66},[20,106562,301],{},[44,106564,106566],{"className":46,"code":106565,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{3, 4}\n",[15,106567,106568],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106569,106570,106572,106574,106576,106578],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106571,9166],{"class":66},[53,106573,815],{"class":70},[53,106575,74],{"class":66},[53,106577,597],{"class":70},[53,106579,9197],{"class":66},[39,106581,998],{"id":997},[20,106583,106584,21844,106586,99],{},[15,106585,102509],{},[34,106587,6173],{},[20,106589,106590],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[44,106592,106594],{"className":46,"code":106593,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,106595,106596,106616,106636,106640,106658,106662,106672],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106597,106598,106600,106602,106604,106606,106608,106610,106612,106614],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106599,1345],{"class":59},[53,106601,31],{"class":63},[53,106603,10379],{"class":66},[53,106605,71],{"class":70},[53,106607,74],{"class":66},[53,106609,77],{"class":70},[53,106611,74],{"class":66},[53,106613,82],{"class":70},[53,106615,9197],{"class":66},[53,106617,106618,106620,106622,106624,106626,106628,106630,106632,106634],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,106619,1366],{"class":59},[53,106621,31],{"class":63},[53,106623,10379],{"class":66},[53,106625,1589],{"class":70},[53,106627,74],{"class":66},[53,106629,82],{"class":70},[53,106631,74],{"class":66},[53,106633,597],{"class":70},[53,106635,9197],{"class":66},[53,106637,106638],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,106639,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,106641,106642,106644,106646,106648,106650,106652,106654,106656],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,106643,2117],{"class":59},[53,106645,31],{"class":63},[53,106647,1442],{"class":59},[53,106649,99],{"class":66},[53,106651,106361],{"class":102},[53,106653,127],{"class":66},[53,106655,1376],{"class":102},[53,106657,133],{"class":66},[53,106659,106660],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,106661,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,106663,106664,106666,106668,106670],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,106665,145],{"class":144},[53,106667,127],{"class":66},[53,106669,2152],{"class":102},[53,106671,133],{"class":66},[53,106673,106674,106676,106678,106680,106682,106684],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,106675,145],{"class":144},[53,106677,127],{"class":66},[53,106679,1705],{"class":1704},[53,106681,127],{"class":66},[53,106683,2152],{"class":102},[53,106685,1713],{"class":66},[20,106687,301],{},[44,106689,106691],{"className":46,"code":106690,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,106692,106693,106705],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106694,106695,106697,106699,106701,106703],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106696,9166],{"class":66},[53,106698,1589],{"class":70},[53,106700,74],{"class":66},[53,106702,82],{"class":70},[53,106704,9197],{"class":66},[53,106706,106707,106709,106711,106713,106715,106717],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,106708,3178],{"class":63},[53,106710,3181],{"class":1954},[53,106712,323],{"class":228},[53,106714,6173],{"class":232},[53,106716,314],{"class":228},[53,106718,3190],{"class":63},[20,106720,85527],{},[194,106722,106723,106726],{},[197,106724,106725],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[197,106727,106728],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[39,106730,11364],{"id":11363},[20,106732,106733],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[44,106735,106737],{"className":46,"code":106736,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,106738,106739,106772,106805,106809,106830,106834],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106740,106741,106744,106746,106748,106750,106752,106754,106756,106758,106760,106762,106764,106766,106768,106770],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106742,106743],{"class":59},"colors1 ",[53,106745,31],{"class":63},[53,106747,10379],{"class":66},[53,106749,229],{"class":228},[53,106751,1034],{"class":232},[53,106753,229],{"class":228},[53,106755,74],{"class":66},[53,106757,240],{"class":228},[53,106759,1043],{"class":232},[53,106761,229],{"class":228},[53,106763,74],{"class":66},[53,106765,240],{"class":228},[53,106767,17324],{"class":232},[53,106769,229],{"class":228},[53,106771,9197],{"class":66},[53,106773,106774,106777,106779,106781,106783,106785,106787,106789,106791,106793,106795,106797,106799,106801,106803],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,106775,106776],{"class":59},"colors2 ",[53,106778,31],{"class":63},[53,106780,10379],{"class":66},[53,106782,229],{"class":228},[53,106784,17324],{"class":232},[53,106786,229],{"class":228},[53,106788,74],{"class":66},[53,106790,240],{"class":228},[53,106792,22393],{"class":232},[53,106794,229],{"class":228},[53,106796,74],{"class":66},[53,106798,240],{"class":228},[53,106800,1043],{"class":232},[53,106802,229],{"class":228},[53,106804,9197],{"class":66},[53,106806,106807],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,106808,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,106810,106811,106814,106816,106819,106821,106823,106825,106828],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,106812,106813],{"class":59},"common_colors ",[53,106815,31],{"class":63},[53,106817,106818],{"class":59}," colors1",[53,106820,99],{"class":66},[53,106822,106361],{"class":102},[53,106824,127],{"class":66},[53,106826,106827],{"class":102},"colors2",[53,106829,133],{"class":66},[53,106831,106832],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,106833,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,106835,106836,106838,106840,106843],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,106837,145],{"class":144},[53,106839,127],{"class":66},[53,106841,106842],{"class":102},"common_colors",[53,106844,133],{"class":66},[20,106846,301],{},[44,106848,106850],{"className":46,"code":106849,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,106851,106852],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106853,106854,106856,106858,106860,106862,106864,106866,106868,106870],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106855,9166],{"class":66},[53,106857,314],{"class":228},[53,106859,1043],{"class":232},[53,106861,314],{"class":228},[53,106863,74],{"class":66},[53,106865,323],{"class":228},[53,106867,17324],{"class":232},[53,106869,314],{"class":228},[53,106871,9197],{"class":66},[20,106873,11573],{},[194,106875,106876,106882,106886,106891],{},[197,106877,106878,106881],{},[15,106879,106880],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[197,106883,106884,106881],{},[15,106885,106827],{},[197,106887,106888,106890],{},[15,106889,102509],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[197,106892,106893,106894],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,106895,106842],{},[39,106897,485,106899,100876],{"id":106898},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,106900,102509],{},[20,106902,106903,106904,99],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,106905,102509],{},[20,106907,106908,106909,106911],{},"Only the values found in ",[34,106910,3601],{}," inputs will be kept.",[44,106913,106915],{"className":46,"code":106914,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106916,106917,106941,106965,106985,106989,107011],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106918,106919,106921,106923,106925,106927,106929,106931,106933,106935,106937,106939],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106920,1345],{"class":59},[53,106922,31],{"class":63},[53,106924,10379],{"class":66},[53,106926,71],{"class":70},[53,106928,74],{"class":66},[53,106930,77],{"class":70},[53,106932,74],{"class":66},[53,106934,82],{"class":70},[53,106936,74],{"class":66},[53,106938,597],{"class":70},[53,106940,9197],{"class":66},[53,106942,106943,106945,106947,106949,106951,106953,106955,106957,106959,106961,106963],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,106944,1366],{"class":59},[53,106946,31],{"class":63},[53,106948,10379],{"class":66},[53,106950,1589],{"class":70},[53,106952,74],{"class":66},[53,106954,82],{"class":70},[53,106956,74],{"class":66},[53,106958,597],{"class":70},[53,106960,74],{"class":66},[53,106962,4491],{"class":70},[53,106964,9197],{"class":66},[53,106966,106967,106969,106971,106973,106975,106977,106979,106981,106983],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,106968,82901],{"class":59},[53,106970,31],{"class":63},[53,106972,10379],{"class":66},[53,106974,815],{"class":70},[53,106976,74],{"class":66},[53,106978,597],{"class":70},[53,106980,74],{"class":66},[53,106982,37518],{"class":70},[53,106984,9197],{"class":66},[53,106986,106987],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,106988,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,106990,106991,106993,106995,106997,106999,107001,107003,107005,107007,107009],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,106992,2117],{"class":59},[53,106994,31],{"class":63},[53,106996,1442],{"class":59},[53,106998,99],{"class":66},[53,107000,106361],{"class":102},[53,107002,127],{"class":66},[53,107004,1376],{"class":102},[53,107006,74],{"class":66},[53,107008,9570],{"class":102},[53,107010,133],{"class":66},[53,107012,107013,107015,107017,107019],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,107014,145],{"class":144},[53,107016,127],{"class":66},[53,107018,2152],{"class":102},[53,107020,133],{"class":66},[20,107022,301],{},[44,107024,107025],{"className":46,"code":106565,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,107026,107027],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,107028,107029,107031,107033,107035,107037],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,107030,9166],{"class":66},[53,107032,815],{"class":70},[53,107034,74],{"class":66},[53,107036,597],{"class":70},[53,107038,9197],{"class":66},[20,107040,107041],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,107043,107044],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[44,107046,107048],{"className":46,"code":107047,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,107049,107050,107074,107078,107118],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,107051,107052,107054,107056,107058,107060,107062,107064,107066,107068,107070,107072],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,107053,1345],{"class":59},[53,107055,31],{"class":63},[53,107057,10379],{"class":66},[53,107059,71],{"class":70},[53,107061,74],{"class":66},[53,107063,77],{"class":70},[53,107065,74],{"class":66},[53,107067,82],{"class":70},[53,107069,74],{"class":66},[53,107071,597],{"class":70},[53,107073,9197],{"class":66},[53,107075,107076],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,107077,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,107079,107080,107082,107084,107086,107088,107090,107092,107094,107096,107098,107100,107102,107104,107106,107108,107110,107112,107114,107116],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,107081,2117],{"class":59},[53,107083,31],{"class":63},[53,107085,1442],{"class":59},[53,107087,99],{"class":66},[53,107089,106361],{"class":102},[53,107091,2873],{"class":66},[53,107093,1589],{"class":70},[53,107095,74],{"class":66},[53,107097,597],{"class":70},[53,107099,74],{"class":66},[53,107101,37518],{"class":70},[53,107103,810],{"class":66},[53,107105,9124],{"class":66},[53,107107,71],{"class":70},[53,107109,74],{"class":66},[53,107111,77],{"class":70},[53,107113,74],{"class":66},[53,107115,597],{"class":70},[53,107117,1713],{"class":66},[53,107119,107120,107122,107124,107126],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,107121,145],{"class":144},[53,107123,127],{"class":66},[53,107125,2152],{"class":102},[53,107127,133],{"class":66},[20,107129,301],{},[44,107131,107133],{"className":46,"code":107132,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{2, 4}\n",[15,107134,107135],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,107136,107137,107139,107141,107143,107145],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,107138,9166],{"class":66},[53,107140,1589],{"class":70},[53,107142,74],{"class":66},[53,107144,597],{"class":70},[53,107146,9197],{"class":66},[39,107148,107150,10474,107152],{"id":107149},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,107151,102509],{},[15,107153,107154],{},"intersection_update()",[20,107156,101046],{},[1327,107158,107159],{"id":106361},[15,107160,102509],{},[194,107162,107163,107165],{},[197,107164,101055],{},[197,107166,101058],{},[44,107168,107170],{"className":46,"code":107169,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107171,107172,107192,107212,107216,107234,107238,107248],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,107173,107174,107176,107178,107180,107182,107184,107186,107188,107190],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,107175,1345],{"class":59},[53,107177,31],{"class":63},[53,107179,10379],{"class":66},[53,107181,71],{"class":70},[53,107183,74],{"class":66},[53,107185,77],{"class":70},[53,107187,74],{"class":66},[53,107189,82],{"class":70},[53,107191,9197],{"class":66},[53,107193,107194,107196,107198,107200,107202,107204,107206,107208,107210],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,107195,1366],{"class":59},[53,107197,31],{"class":63},[53,107199,10379],{"class":66},[53,107201,1589],{"class":70},[53,107203,74],{"class":66},[53,107205,82],{"class":70},[53,107207,74],{"class":66},[53,107209,597],{"class":70},[53,107211,9197],{"class":66},[53,107213,107214],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,107215,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,107217,107218,107220,107222,107224,107226,107228,107230,107232],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,107219,2117],{"class":59},[53,107221,31],{"class":63},[53,107223,1442],{"class":59},[53,107225,99],{"class":66},[53,107227,106361],{"class":102},[53,107229,127],{"class":66},[53,107231,1376],{"class":102},[53,107233,133],{"class":66},[53,107235,107236],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,107237,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,107239,107240,107242,107244,107246],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,107241,145],{"class":144},[53,107243,127],{"class":66},[53,107245,758],{"class":102},[53,107247,133],{"class":66},[53,107249,107250,107252,107254,107256],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,107251,145],{"class":144},[53,107253,127],{"class":66},[53,107255,2152],{"class":102},[53,107257,133],{"class":66},[20,107259,301],{},[44,107261,107263],{"className":46,"code":107262,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,107264,107265,107281],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,107266,107267,107269,107271,107273,107275,107277,107279],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,107268,9166],{"class":66},[53,107270,71],{"class":70},[53,107272,74],{"class":66},[53,107274,77],{"class":70},[53,107276,74],{"class":66},[53,107278,82],{"class":70},[53,107280,9197],{"class":66},[53,107282,107283,107285,107287,107289,107291],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,107284,9166],{"class":66},[53,107286,1589],{"class":70},[53,107288,74],{"class":66},[53,107290,82],{"class":70},[53,107292,9197],{"class":66},[1327,107294,107296],{"id":107295},"intersection_update",[15,107297,107154],{},[194,107299,107300,107302],{},[197,107301,101198],{},[197,107303,107304],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[44,107306,107308],{"className":46,"code":107307,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,107309,107310,107330,107350,107354,107368,107372],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,107311,107312,107314,107316,107318,107320,107322,107324,107326,107328],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,107313,1345],{"class":59},[53,107315,31],{"class":63},[53,107317,10379],{"class":66},[53,107319,71],{"class":70},[53,107321,74],{"class":66},[53,107323,77],{"class":70},[53,107325,74],{"class":66},[53,107327,82],{"class":70},[53,107329,9197],{"class":66},[53,107331,107332,107334,107336,107338,107340,107342,107344,107346,107348],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,107333,1366],{"class":59},[53,107335,31],{"class":63},[53,107337,10379],{"class":66},[53,107339,1589],{"class":70},[53,107341,74],{"class":66},[53,107343,82],{"class":70},[53,107345,74],{"class":66},[53,107347,597],{"class":70},[53,107349,9197],{"class":66},[53,107351,107352],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,107353,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,107355,107356,107358,107360,107362,107364,107366],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,107357,758],{"class":59},[53,107359,99],{"class":66},[53,107361,107295],{"class":102},[53,107363,127],{"class":66},[53,107365,1376],{"class":102},[53,107367,133],{"class":66},[53,107369,107370],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,107371,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,107373,107374,107376,107378,107380],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,107375,145],{"class":144},[53,107377,127],{"class":66},[53,107379,758],{"class":102},[53,107381,133],{"class":66},[20,107383,301],{},[44,107385,107387],{"className":46,"code":107386,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{2, 3}\n",[15,107388,107389],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,107390,107391,107393,107395,107397,107399],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,107392,9166],{"class":66},[53,107394,1589],{"class":70},[53,107396,74],{"class":66},[53,107398,82],{"class":70},[53,107400,9197],{"class":66},[20,107402,107403,107404,107406],{},"Choose ",[15,107405,102509],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[39,107408,1320],{"id":1319},[20,107410,14606,107411,192],{},[15,107412,102509],{},[194,107414,107415,107418,107421,107424],{},[197,107416,107417],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[197,107419,107420],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[197,107422,107423],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[197,107425,107426,107427],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,107428,102509],{},[20,107430,107431],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[194,107433,107434,107439,107442,107455],{},[197,107435,485,107436,107438],{},[15,107437,102509],{}," when order matters",[197,107440,107441],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[197,107443,37078,107444,8591,107446,2765,107451],{},[15,107445,102509],{},[758,107447,107449],{"href":107448},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,107450,102517],{},[758,107452,107453],{"href":102558},[15,107454,100132],{},[197,107456,107457],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,107459,30007],{},[44,107461,107463],{"className":46,"code":107462,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107464,107465,107475,107489,107507],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,107466,107467,107469,107471,107473],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,107468,145],{"class":144},[53,107470,127],{"class":66},[53,107472,15537],{"class":102},[53,107474,133],{"class":66},[53,107476,107477,107479,107481,107483,107485,107487],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,107478,145],{"class":144},[53,107480,127],{"class":66},[53,107482,1705],{"class":1704},[53,107484,127],{"class":66},[53,107486,2152],{"class":102},[53,107488,1713],{"class":66},[53,107490,107491,107493,107495,107497,107499,107501,107503,107505],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,107492,145],{"class":144},[53,107494,127],{"class":66},[53,107496,100303],{"class":102},[53,107498,99],{"class":66},[53,107500,106361],{"class":102},[53,107502,127],{"class":66},[53,107504,100312],{"class":102},[53,107506,1713],{"class":66},[53,107508,107509,107511,107513,107515,107517,107519],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,107510,145],{"class":144},[53,107512,127],{"class":66},[53,107514,11050],{"class":144},[53,107516,127],{"class":66},[53,107518,2152],{"class":102},[53,107520,1713],{"class":66},[20,107522,211],{},[44,107524,107526],{"className":46,"code":107525,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107527,107528,107552,107572,107576,107594,107598,107608,107618,107632],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,107529,107530,107532,107534,107536,107538,107540,107542,107544,107546,107548,107550],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,107531,60],{"class":59},[53,107533,31],{"class":63},[53,107535,10379],{"class":66},[53,107537,71],{"class":70},[53,107539,74],{"class":66},[53,107541,77],{"class":70},[53,107543,74],{"class":66},[53,107545,77],{"class":70},[53,107547,74],{"class":66},[53,107549,82],{"class":70},[53,107551,9197],{"class":66},[53,107553,107554,107556,107558,107560,107562,107564,107566,107568,107570],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,107555,43421],{"class":59},[53,107557,31],{"class":63},[53,107559,10379],{"class":66},[53,107561,1589],{"class":70},[53,107563,74],{"class":66},[53,107565,82],{"class":70},[53,107567,74],{"class":66},[53,107569,597],{"class":70},[53,107571,9197],{"class":66},[53,107573,107574],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,107575,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,107577,107578,107580,107582,107584,107586,107588,107590,107592],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,107579,2117],{"class":59},[53,107581,31],{"class":63},[53,107583,96],{"class":59},[53,107585,99],{"class":66},[53,107587,106361],{"class":102},[53,107589,127],{"class":66},[53,107591,30615],{"class":102},[53,107593,133],{"class":66},[53,107595,107596],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,107597,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,107599,107600,107602,107604,107606],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,107601,145],{"class":144},[53,107603,127],{"class":66},[53,107605,150],{"class":102},[53,107607,133],{"class":66},[53,107609,107610,107612,107614,107616],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,107611,145],{"class":144},[53,107613,127],{"class":66},[53,107615,2152],{"class":102},[53,107617,133],{"class":66},[53,107619,107620,107622,107624,107626,107628,107630],{"class":55,"line":6312},[53,107621,145],{"class":144},[53,107623,127],{"class":66},[53,107625,1705],{"class":1704},[53,107627,127],{"class":66},[53,107629,2152],{"class":102},[53,107631,1713],{"class":66},[53,107633,107634,107636,107638,107640,107642,107644],{"class":55,"line":6318},[53,107635,145],{"class":144},[53,107637,127],{"class":66},[53,107639,11050],{"class":144},[53,107641,127],{"class":66},[53,107643,2152],{"class":102},[53,107645,1713],{"class":66},[20,107647,301],{},[44,107649,107651],{"className":46,"code":107650,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,107652,107653,107669,107681,107695],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,107654,107655,107657,107659,107661,107663,107665,107667],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,107656,9166],{"class":66},[53,107658,71],{"class":70},[53,107660,74],{"class":66},[53,107662,77],{"class":70},[53,107664,74],{"class":66},[53,107666,82],{"class":70},[53,107668,9197],{"class":66},[53,107670,107671,107673,107675,107677,107679],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,107672,9166],{"class":66},[53,107674,1589],{"class":70},[53,107676,74],{"class":66},[53,107678,82],{"class":70},[53,107680,9197],{"class":66},[53,107682,107683,107685,107687,107689,107691,107693],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,107684,3178],{"class":63},[53,107686,3181],{"class":1954},[53,107688,323],{"class":228},[53,107690,6173],{"class":232},[53,107692,314],{"class":228},[53,107694,3190],{"class":63},[53,107696,107697],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,107698,16926],{"class":70},[20,107700,107701,107702,107704],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,107703,1589],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[39,107706,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,107708,1729,107710,102457],{"id":107709},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,107711,102509],{},[20,107713,102460],{},[1327,107715,5053,107717,107719],{"id":107716},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,107718,102509],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,107721,107722],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[1327,107724,107726],{"id":107725},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,107728,107729],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[1327,107731,107733],{"id":107732},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,107735,107736],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[44,107738,107739],{"className":46,"code":97176,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,107740,107741],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,107742,107743,107745],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,107744,6173],{"class":1704},[53,107746,106],{"class":66},[39,107748,1788],{"id":1787},[194,107750,107751,107755,107762,107768],{},[197,107752,107753],{},[758,107754,96046],{"href":96045},[197,107756,107757],{},[758,107758,3463,107759,1316],{"href":107448},[15,107760,107761],{},"set.union()",[197,107763,107764],{},[758,107765,3463,107766,1316],{"href":102558},[15,107767,100137],{},[197,107769,107770],{},[758,107771,100062],{"href":105061},[1817,107773,107774],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":107776},[107777,107779,107780,107781,107782,107784,107789,107790,107798],{"id":106390,"depth":88,"text":107778},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372},{"id":997,"depth":88,"text":998},{"id":11363,"depth":88,"text":11364},{"id":106898,"depth":88,"text":107783},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107149,"depth":88,"text":107785,"children":107786},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[107787,107788],{"id":106361,"depth":109,"text":102509},{"id":107295,"depth":109,"text":107154},{"id":1319,"depth":88,"text":1320},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":107791},[107792,107794,107796,107797],{"id":107709,"depth":109,"text":107793},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":107716,"depth":109,"text":107795},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":107725,"depth":109,"text":107726},{"id":107732,"depth":109,"text":107733},{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106283,"description":107799},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":107806,"title":107807,"body":107808,"description":109044,"extension":1853,"meta":109045,"navigation":112,"path":109046,"seo":109047,"stem":109048,"__hash__":109049},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":107809,"toc":109011},[107810,107815,107821,107830,107832,107907,107912,107927,107937,107942,107946,107959,107963,107965,107980,107982,107998,108000,108075,108079,108082,108084,108101,108106,108161,108166,108178,108182,108185,108286,108288,108329,108332,108336,108343,108345,108370,108373,108391,108398,108404,108407,108489,108496,108499,108579,108588,108591,108596,108600,108614,108663,108668,108672,108683,108732,108743,108748,108752,108764,108813,108824,108826,108830,108853,108855,108912,108914,108928,108930,108936,108942,108948,108957,108961,108968,108972,108980,108982,109008],[10,107811,95918,107813,18],{"id":107812},"python-set-pop-method",[15,107814,12650],{},[20,107816,107817,107820],{},[15,107818,107819],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,107822,107823,107824,107826,107827,107829],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[34,107825,36],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,107828,12650],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[39,107831,42],{"id":41},[44,107833,107835],{"className":46,"code":107834,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,107836,107837,107869,107883,107887,107897],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,107838,107839,107841,107843,107845,107847,107849,107851,107853,107855,107857,107859,107861,107863,107865,107867],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,107840,7667],{"class":59},[53,107842,31],{"class":63},[53,107844,10379],{"class":66},[53,107846,229],{"class":228},[53,107848,233],{"class":232},[53,107850,229],{"class":228},[53,107852,74],{"class":66},[53,107854,240],{"class":228},[53,107856,243],{"class":232},[53,107858,229],{"class":228},[53,107860,74],{"class":66},[53,107862,240],{"class":228},[53,107864,3984],{"class":232},[53,107866,229],{"class":228},[53,107868,9197],{"class":66},[53,107870,107871,107873,107875,107877,107879,107881],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,107872,69649],{"class":59},[53,107874,31],{"class":63},[53,107876,5851],{"class":59},[53,107878,99],{"class":66},[53,107880,26111],{"class":102},[53,107882,106],{"class":66},[53,107884,107885],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,107886,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,107888,107889,107891,107893,107895],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,107890,145],{"class":144},[53,107892,127],{"class":66},[53,107894,69672],{"class":102},[53,107896,133],{"class":66},[53,107898,107899,107901,107903,107905],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,107900,145],{"class":144},[53,107902,127],{"class":66},[53,107904,7696],{"class":102},[53,107906,133],{"class":66},[20,107908,107909],{},[34,107910,107911],{},"What this does:",[194,107913,107914,107919,107924],{},[197,107915,107916,107917],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,107918,7696],{},[197,107920,107921,107922],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,107923,69672],{},[197,107925,107926],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,107928,107929,88678,107931,107933,107934,107936],{},[34,107930,83536],{},[15,107932,107819],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[34,107935,36],{}," chosen by index.",[39,107938,184,107940,187],{"id":107939},"what-setpop-does",[15,107941,107819],{},[20,107943,107944,192],{},[15,107945,107819],{},[194,107947,107948,107950,107953,107956],{},[197,107949,102760],{},[197,107951,107952],{},"Returns the removed item",[197,107954,107955],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[197,107957,107958],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,107960,96042,107961,99],{},[758,107962,96046],{"href":97217},[39,107964,372],{"id":371},[44,107966,107968],{"className":46,"code":107967,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,107969,107970],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,107971,107972,107974,107976,107978],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,107973,15537],{"class":59},[53,107975,99],{"class":66},[53,107977,26111],{"class":102},[53,107979,106],{"class":66},[20,107981,12936],{},[194,107983,107984,107990,107995],{},[197,107985,107986,107987],{},"The syntax is ",[15,107988,107989],{},"my_set.pop()",[197,107991,107992,107993],{},"It takes ",[34,107994,28559],{},[197,107996,107997],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,107999,211],{},[44,108001,108003],{"className":46,"code":108002,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108004,108005,108037,108051,108055,108065],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,108006,108007,108009,108011,108013,108015,108017,108019,108021,108023,108025,108027,108029,108031,108033,108035],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,108008,1025],{"class":59},[53,108010,31],{"class":63},[53,108012,10379],{"class":66},[53,108014,229],{"class":228},[53,108016,1034],{"class":232},[53,108018,229],{"class":228},[53,108020,74],{"class":66},[53,108022,240],{"class":228},[53,108024,1043],{"class":232},[53,108026,229],{"class":228},[53,108028,74],{"class":66},[53,108030,240],{"class":228},[53,108032,17324],{"class":232},[53,108034,229],{"class":228},[53,108036,9197],{"class":66},[53,108038,108039,108041,108043,108045,108047,108049],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,108040,28409],{"class":59},[53,108042,31],{"class":63},[53,108044,1057],{"class":59},[53,108046,99],{"class":66},[53,108048,26111],{"class":102},[53,108050,106],{"class":66},[53,108052,108053],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,108054,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,108056,108057,108059,108061,108063],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,108058,145],{"class":144},[53,108060,127],{"class":66},[53,108062,23180],{"class":102},[53,108064,133],{"class":66},[53,108066,108067,108069,108071,108073],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,108068,145],{"class":144},[53,108070,127],{"class":66},[53,108072,1115],{"class":102},[53,108074,133],{"class":66},[39,108076,108078],{"id":108077},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,108080,108081],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,108083,775],{},[194,108085,108086,108092,108095],{},[197,108087,108088,108089,108091],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,108090,12650],{}," removes",[197,108093,108094],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[197,108096,108097,108098,108100],{},"You should not use ",[15,108099,12650],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,108102,10349,108103,108105],{},[34,108104,36],{}," valid:",[44,108107,108109],{"className":46,"code":108108,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,108110,108111,108143],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,108112,108113,108115,108117,108119,108121,108123,108125,108127,108129,108131,108133,108135,108137,108139,108141],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,108114,221],{"class":59},[53,108116,31],{"class":63},[53,108118,10379],{"class":66},[53,108120,229],{"class":228},[53,108122,233],{"class":232},[53,108124,229],{"class":228},[53,108126,74],{"class":66},[53,108128,240],{"class":228},[53,108130,243],{"class":232},[53,108132,229],{"class":228},[53,108134,74],{"class":66},[53,108136,240],{"class":228},[53,108138,3984],{"class":232},[53,108140,229],{"class":228},[53,108142,9197],{"class":66},[53,108144,108145,108147,108149,108151,108153,108155,108157,108159],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,108146,285],{"class":59},[53,108148,99],{"class":66},[53,108150,26111],{"class":102},[53,108152,127],{"class":66},[53,108154,229],{"class":228},[53,108156,233],{"class":232},[53,108158,229],{"class":228},[53,108160,133],{"class":66},[20,108162,39526,108163,108165],{},[15,108164,107819],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,108167,108168,108169,2765,108173,99],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[758,108170,108171],{"href":97927},[15,108172,102586],{},[758,108174,108176],{"href":108175},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,108177,102577],{},[39,108179,108181],{"id":108180},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,108183,108184],{},"Here is a simple example:",[44,108186,108188],{"className":46,"code":108187,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,108189,108190,108224,108228,108244,108248,108267],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,108191,108192,108195,108197,108199,108201,108203,108205,108207,108209,108211,108213,108215,108217,108220,108222],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,108193,108194],{"class":59},"animals ",[53,108196,31],{"class":63},[53,108198,10379],{"class":66},[53,108200,229],{"class":228},[53,108202,36921],{"class":232},[53,108204,229],{"class":228},[53,108206,74],{"class":66},[53,108208,240],{"class":228},[53,108210,57840],{"class":232},[53,108212,229],{"class":228},[53,108214,74],{"class":66},[53,108216,240],{"class":228},[53,108218,108219],{"class":232},"rabbit",[53,108221,229],{"class":228},[53,108223,9197],{"class":66},[53,108225,108226],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,108227,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,108229,108230,108233,108235,108238,108240,108242],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,108231,108232],{"class":59},"removed_animal ",[53,108234,31],{"class":63},[53,108236,108237],{"class":59}," animals",[53,108239,99],{"class":66},[53,108241,26111],{"class":102},[53,108243,106],{"class":66},[53,108245,108246],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,108247,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,108249,108250,108252,108254,108256,108258,108260,108262,108265],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,108251,145],{"class":144},[53,108253,127],{"class":66},[53,108255,229],{"class":228},[53,108257,28827],{"class":232},[53,108259,229],{"class":228},[53,108261,74],{"class":66},[53,108263,108264],{"class":102}," removed_animal",[53,108266,133],{"class":66},[53,108268,108269,108271,108273,108275,108278,108280,108282,108284],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,108270,145],{"class":144},[53,108272,127],{"class":66},[53,108274,229],{"class":228},[53,108276,108277],{"class":232},"Updated set:",[53,108279,229],{"class":228},[53,108281,74],{"class":66},[53,108283,108237],{"class":102},[53,108285,133],{"class":66},[20,108287,29901],{},[44,108289,108291],{"className":46,"code":108290,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,108292,108293,108302],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,108294,108295,108297,108299],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,108296,28869],{"class":59},[53,108298,192],{"class":66},[53,108300,108301],{"class":59}," dog\n",[53,108303,108304,108307,108309,108311,108313,108315,108317,108319,108321,108323,108325,108327],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,108305,108306],{"class":59},"Updated ",[53,108308,6173],{"class":1704},[53,108310,192],{"class":66},[53,108312,10379],{"class":66},[53,108314,314],{"class":228},[53,108316,36921],{"class":232},[53,108318,314],{"class":228},[53,108320,74],{"class":66},[53,108322,323],{"class":228},[53,108324,108219],{"class":232},[53,108326,314],{"class":228},[53,108328,9197],{"class":66},[20,108330,108331],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[39,108333,108335],{"id":108334},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,108337,29521,108338,108340,108341,99],{},[15,108339,12650],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,108342,19555],{},[20,108344,211],{},[44,108346,108348],{"className":46,"code":108347,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,108349,108350,108360],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,108351,108352,108354,108356,108358],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,108353,7667],{"class":59},[53,108355,31],{"class":63},[53,108357,15504],{"class":1704},[53,108359,106],{"class":66},[53,108361,108362,108364,108366,108368],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,108363,7696],{"class":59},[53,108365,99],{"class":66},[53,108367,26111],{"class":102},[53,108369,106],{"class":66},[20,108371,108372],{},"This raises:",[44,108374,108376],{"className":46,"code":108375,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,108377,108378],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,108379,108380,108382,108384,108386,108389],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,108381,19555],{"class":1704},[53,108383,192],{"class":66},[53,108385,323],{"class":228},[53,108387,108388],{"class":232},"pop from an empty set",[53,108390,29571],{"class":228},[20,108392,108393,108394,108397],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[758,108395,108396],{"href":10962},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[1327,108399,108401,108402],{"id":108400},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,108403,12650],{},[20,108405,108406],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[44,108408,108410],{"className":46,"code":108409,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,108411,108412,108422,108426,108434,108449,108468,108474],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,108413,108414,108416,108418,108420],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,108415,7667],{"class":59},[53,108417,31],{"class":63},[53,108419,15504],{"class":1704},[53,108421,106],{"class":66},[53,108423,108424],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,108425,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,108427,108428,108430,108432],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,108429,6884],{"class":3764},[53,108431,5851],{"class":59},[53,108433,6280],{"class":66},[53,108435,108436,108439,108441,108443,108445,108447],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,108437,108438],{"class":59},"    removed ",[53,108440,31],{"class":63},[53,108442,5851],{"class":59},[53,108444,99],{"class":66},[53,108446,26111],{"class":102},[53,108448,106],{"class":66},[53,108450,108451,108453,108455,108457,108459,108461,108463,108466],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,108452,7954],{"class":144},[53,108454,127],{"class":66},[53,108456,229],{"class":228},[53,108458,28827],{"class":232},[53,108460,229],{"class":228},[53,108462,74],{"class":66},[53,108464,108465],{"class":102}," removed",[53,108467,133],{"class":66},[53,108469,108470,108472],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,108471,27304],{"class":3764},[53,108473,6280],{"class":66},[53,108475,108476,108478,108480,108482,108485,108487],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,108477,7954],{"class":144},[53,108479,127],{"class":66},[53,108481,229],{"class":228},[53,108483,108484],{"class":232},"The set is empty.",[53,108486,229],{"class":228},[53,108488,133],{"class":66},[1327,108490,174,108492,960,108494],{"id":108491},"use-try-and-except",[15,108493,29675],{},[15,108495,29706],{},[20,108497,108498],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[44,108500,108502],{"className":46,"code":108501,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,108503,108504,108514,108518,108524,108538,108556,108564],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,108505,108506,108508,108510,108512],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,108507,7667],{"class":59},[53,108509,31],{"class":63},[53,108511,15504],{"class":1704},[53,108513,106],{"class":66},[53,108515,108516],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,108517,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,108519,108520,108522],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,108521,29675],{"class":3764},[53,108523,6280],{"class":66},[53,108525,108526,108528,108530,108532,108534,108536],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,108527,108438],{"class":59},[53,108529,31],{"class":63},[53,108531,5851],{"class":59},[53,108533,99],{"class":66},[53,108535,26111],{"class":102},[53,108537,106],{"class":66},[53,108539,108540,108542,108544,108546,108548,108550,108552,108554],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,108541,7954],{"class":144},[53,108543,127],{"class":66},[53,108545,229],{"class":228},[53,108547,28827],{"class":232},[53,108549,229],{"class":228},[53,108551,74],{"class":66},[53,108553,108465],{"class":102},[53,108555,133],{"class":66},[53,108557,108558,108560,108562],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,108559,29706],{"class":3764},[53,108561,29709],{"class":1704},[53,108563,6280],{"class":66},[53,108565,108566,108568,108570,108572,108575,108577],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,108567,7954],{"class":144},[53,108569,127],{"class":66},[53,108571,229],{"class":228},[53,108573,108574],{"class":232},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[53,108576,229],{"class":228},[53,108578,133],{"class":66},[39,108580,1145,108582,10474,108584,10474,108586],{"id":108581},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,108583,12650],{},[15,108585,55393],{},[15,108587,102572],{},[20,108589,108590],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[1327,108592,174,108594],{"id":108593},"use-pop",[15,108595,12650],{},[20,108597,174,108598,1152],{},[15,108599,12650],{},[194,108601,108602,108608,108611],{},[197,108603,108604,108605],{},"You want to remove ",[34,108606,108607],{},"any one item",[197,108609,108610],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[197,108612,108613],{},"You want the removed item returned",[44,108615,108617],{"className":46,"code":108616,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,108618,108619,108639,108653],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,108620,108621,108623,108625,108627,108629,108631,108633,108635,108637],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,108622,60],{"class":59},[53,108624,31],{"class":63},[53,108626,10379],{"class":66},[53,108628,71],{"class":70},[53,108630,74],{"class":66},[53,108632,77],{"class":70},[53,108634,74],{"class":66},[53,108636,82],{"class":70},[53,108638,9197],{"class":66},[53,108640,108641,108643,108645,108647,108649,108651],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,108642,2335],{"class":59},[53,108644,31],{"class":63},[53,108646,96],{"class":59},[53,108648,99],{"class":66},[53,108650,26111],{"class":102},[53,108652,106],{"class":66},[53,108654,108655,108657,108659,108661],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,108656,145],{"class":144},[53,108658,127],{"class":66},[53,108660,2360],{"class":102},[53,108662,133],{"class":66},[1327,108664,174,108666],{"id":108665},"use-remove",[15,108667,55393],{},[20,108669,174,108670,1152],{},[15,108671,55393],{},[194,108673,108674,108680],{},[197,108675,108676,108677],{},"You want to delete a ",[34,108678,108679],{},"specific item",[197,108681,108682],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[44,108684,108686],{"className":46,"code":108685,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108687,108688,108708,108722],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,108689,108690,108692,108694,108696,108698,108700,108702,108704,108706],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,108691,60],{"class":59},[53,108693,31],{"class":63},[53,108695,10379],{"class":66},[53,108697,71],{"class":70},[53,108699,74],{"class":66},[53,108701,77],{"class":70},[53,108703,74],{"class":66},[53,108705,82],{"class":70},[53,108707,9197],{"class":66},[53,108709,108710,108712,108714,108716,108718,108720],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,108711,150],{"class":59},[53,108713,99],{"class":66},[53,108715,34668],{"class":102},[53,108717,127],{"class":66},[53,108719,1589],{"class":70},[53,108721,133],{"class":66},[53,108723,108724,108726,108728,108730],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,108725,145],{"class":144},[53,108727,127],{"class":66},[53,108729,150],{"class":102},[53,108731,133],{"class":66},[20,108733,108734,108735,108737,108738,108742],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,108736,55393],{}," raises an error. See the ",[758,108739,108740,1316],{"href":97927},[15,108741,102586],{}," for details.",[1327,108744,174,108746],{"id":108745},"use-discard",[15,108747,102572],{},[20,108749,174,108750,1152],{},[15,108751,102572],{},[194,108753,108754,108758],{},[197,108755,108676,108756],{},[34,108757,108679],{},[197,108759,108760,108761,108763],{},"You do ",[34,108762,36],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[44,108765,108767],{"className":46,"code":108766,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108768,108769,108789,108803],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,108770,108771,108773,108775,108777,108779,108781,108783,108785,108787],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,108772,60],{"class":59},[53,108774,31],{"class":63},[53,108776,10379],{"class":66},[53,108778,71],{"class":70},[53,108780,74],{"class":66},[53,108782,77],{"class":70},[53,108784,74],{"class":66},[53,108786,82],{"class":70},[53,108788,9197],{"class":66},[53,108790,108791,108793,108795,108797,108799,108801],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,108792,150],{"class":59},[53,108794,99],{"class":66},[53,108796,102639],{"class":102},[53,108798,127],{"class":66},[53,108800,2024],{"class":70},[53,108802,133],{"class":66},[53,108804,108805,108807,108809,108811],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,108806,145],{"class":144},[53,108808,127],{"class":66},[53,108810,150],{"class":102},[53,108812,133],{"class":66},[20,108814,108815,108816,108818,108819,108823],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,108817,2024],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[758,108820,108821,1316],{"href":108175},[15,108822,102577],{}," for more examples.",[39,108825,2716],{"id":2715},[20,108827,71195,108828,192],{},[15,108829,107819],{},[194,108831,108832,108838,108843,108848],{},[197,108833,108834,108835],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,108836,108837],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[197,108839,8339,108840,108842],{},[15,108841,12650],{}," to remove the first or last item",[197,108844,29521,108845,108847],{},[15,108846,12650],{}," on an empty set",[197,108849,485,108850,108852],{},[15,108851,12650],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,108854,62009],{},[44,108856,108858],{"className":46,"code":108857,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,108859,108860,108870,108884,108898],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,108861,108862,108864,108866,108868],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,108863,145],{"class":144},[53,108865,127],{"class":66},[53,108867,15537],{"class":102},[53,108869,133],{"class":66},[53,108871,108872,108874,108876,108878,108880,108882],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,108873,145],{"class":144},[53,108875,127],{"class":66},[53,108877,11050],{"class":144},[53,108879,127],{"class":66},[53,108881,15537],{"class":102},[53,108883,1713],{"class":66},[53,108885,108886,108888,108890,108892,108894,108896],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,108887,145],{"class":144},[53,108889,127],{"class":66},[53,108891,1705],{"class":1704},[53,108893,127],{"class":66},[53,108895,15537],{"class":102},[53,108897,1713],{"class":66},[53,108899,108900,108902,108904,108906,108908,108910],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,108901,28409],{"class":59},[53,108903,31],{"class":63},[53,108905,96642],{"class":59},[53,108907,99],{"class":66},[53,108909,26111],{"class":102},[53,108911,106],{"class":66},[20,108913,25878],{},[194,108915,108916,108919,108922,108925],{},[197,108917,108918],{},"What values are in the set",[197,108920,108921],{},"Whether the set is empty",[197,108923,108924],{},"That the object is really a set",[197,108926,108927],{},"What value was actually removed",[39,108929,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,108931,1729,108933,108935],{"id":108932},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,108934,107819],{}," remove the first item?",[20,108937,108938,108939,108941],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,108940,12650],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[1327,108943,108945,108946,1744],{"id":108944},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,108947,107819],{},[20,108949,108950,108951,108953,108954,108956],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,108952,12650],{},", set ",[15,108955,12650],{}," does not accept an index.",[1327,108958,108960],{"id":108959},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,108962,71364,108963,44501,108965,108967],{},[15,108964,19555],{},[15,108966,12650],{}," is called on an empty set.",[1327,108969,108971],{"id":108970},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,108973,174,108974,2765,108976,10980,108978,99],{},[15,108975,55393],{},[15,108977,102572],{},[15,108979,12650],{},[39,108981,1788],{"id":1787},[194,108983,108984,108988,108994,109000,109004],{},[197,108985,108986],{},[758,108987,96046],{"href":97217},[197,108989,108990],{},[758,108991,96532,108992,1316],{"href":97927},[15,108993,55393],{},[197,108995,108996],{},[758,108997,96532,108998,1316],{"href":108175},[15,108999,102572],{},[197,109001,109002],{},[758,109003,11151],{"href":10962},[197,109005,109006],{},[758,109007,55380],{"href":54932},[1817,109009,109010],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":109012},[109013,109014,109016,109017,109018,109019,109025,109034,109035,109043],{"id":41,"depth":88,"text":42},{"id":107939,"depth":88,"text":109015},"What set.pop() does",{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372},{"id":108077,"depth":88,"text":108078},{"id":108180,"depth":88,"text":108181},{"id":108334,"depth":88,"text":108335,"children":109020},[109021,109023],{"id":108400,"depth":109,"text":109022},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108491,"depth":109,"text":109024},"Use try and except",{"id":108581,"depth":88,"text":109026,"children":109027},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109028,109030,109032],{"id":108593,"depth":109,"text":109029},"Use pop()",{"id":108665,"depth":109,"text":109031},"Use remove()",{"id":108745,"depth":109,"text":109033},"Use discard()",{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":109036},[109037,109039,109041,109042],{"id":108932,"depth":109,"text":109038},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":108944,"depth":109,"text":109040},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":108959,"depth":109,"text":108960},{"id":108970,"depth":109,"text":108971},{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":107807,"description":109044},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109051,"title":109052,"body":109053,"description":110207,"extension":1853,"meta":110208,"navigation":112,"path":110209,"seo":110210,"stem":110211,"__hash__":110212},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109054,"toc":110175},[109055,109060,109065,109074,109076,109141,109145,109169,109176,109181,109185,109200,109203,109205,109224,109238,109241,109289,109293,109309,109311,109384,109388,109413,109419,109427,109431,109438,109493,109498,109515,109521,109527,109532,109540,109547,109551,109559,109614,109616,109633,109637,109644,109709,109713,109746,109748,109760,109767,109769,109774,109781,109783,109852,109856,109864,109866,109930,109934,109939,109986,109991,110059,110067,110074,110077,110083,110088,110092,110094,110097,110099,110104,110109,110115,110120,110127,110135,110141,110144,110146,110172],[10,109056,95918,109058,18],{"id":109057},"python-set-remove-method",[15,109059,55393],{},[20,109061,109062,109064],{},[15,109063,102586],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,109066,109067,109068,109071,109072,99],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[34,109069,109070],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,109073,19555],{},[39,109075,42],{"id":41},[44,109077,109079],{"className":46,"code":109078,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,109080,109081,109113,109131],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109082,109083,109085,109087,109089,109091,109093,109095,109097,109099,109101,109103,109105,109107,109109,109111],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109084,1025],{"class":59},[53,109086,31],{"class":63},[53,109088,10379],{"class":66},[53,109090,229],{"class":228},[53,109092,1034],{"class":232},[53,109094,229],{"class":228},[53,109096,74],{"class":66},[53,109098,240],{"class":228},[53,109100,1043],{"class":232},[53,109102,229],{"class":228},[53,109104,74],{"class":66},[53,109106,240],{"class":228},[53,109108,17324],{"class":232},[53,109110,229],{"class":228},[53,109112,9197],{"class":66},[53,109114,109115,109117,109119,109121,109123,109125,109127,109129],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,109116,1115],{"class":59},[53,109118,99],{"class":66},[53,109120,34668],{"class":102},[53,109122,127],{"class":66},[53,109124,229],{"class":228},[53,109126,1043],{"class":232},[53,109128,229],{"class":228},[53,109130,133],{"class":66},[53,109132,109133,109135,109137,109139],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,109134,145],{"class":144},[53,109136,127],{"class":66},[53,109138,1115],{"class":102},[53,109140,133],{"class":66},[20,109142,109143],{},[34,109144,29901],{},[44,109146,109147],{"className":46,"code":103266,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,109148,109149],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109150,109151,109153,109155,109157,109159,109161,109163,109165,109167],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109152,9166],{"class":66},[53,109154,314],{"class":228},[53,109156,1034],{"class":232},[53,109158,314],{"class":228},[53,109160,74],{"class":66},[53,109162,323],{"class":228},[53,109164,17324],{"class":232},[53,109166,314],{"class":228},[53,109168,9197],{"class":66},[20,109170,174,109171,109173,109174,99],{},[15,109172,55393],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,109175,19555],{},[39,109177,184,109179,187],{"id":109178},"what-setremove-does",[15,109180,102586],{},[20,109182,109183,192],{},[15,109184,102586],{},[194,109186,109187,109190,109192,109194],{},[197,109188,109189],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[197,109191,96033],{},[197,109193,96036],{},[197,109195,109196,109197,109199],{},"Raises ",[15,109198,19555],{}," if the value is missing",[20,109201,109202],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[39,109204,372],{"id":371},[44,109206,109208],{"className":46,"code":109207,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,109209,109210],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109211,109212,109214,109216,109218,109220,109222],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109213,15537],{"class":59},[53,109215,99],{"class":66},[53,109217,34668],{"class":102},[53,109219,127],{"class":66},[53,109221,2360],{"class":102},[53,109223,133],{"class":66},[194,109225,109226,109230,109235],{},[197,109227,109228,102808],{},[15,109229,15537],{},[197,109231,109232,109234],{},[15,109233,2360],{}," is the item to remove",[197,109236,109237],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,109239,109240],{},"Here is a small example:",[44,109242,109243],{"className":46,"code":108685,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,109244,109245,109265,109279],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109246,109247,109249,109251,109253,109255,109257,109259,109261,109263],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109248,60],{"class":59},[53,109250,31],{"class":63},[53,109252,10379],{"class":66},[53,109254,71],{"class":70},[53,109256,74],{"class":66},[53,109258,77],{"class":70},[53,109260,74],{"class":66},[53,109262,82],{"class":70},[53,109264,9197],{"class":66},[53,109266,109267,109269,109271,109273,109275,109277],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,109268,150],{"class":59},[53,109270,99],{"class":66},[53,109272,34668],{"class":102},[53,109274,127],{"class":66},[53,109276,1589],{"class":70},[53,109278,133],{"class":66},[53,109280,109281,109283,109285,109287],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,109282,145],{"class":144},[53,109284,127],{"class":66},[53,109286,150],{"class":102},[53,109288,133],{"class":66},[20,109290,109291],{},[34,109292,29901],{},[44,109294,109295],{"className":46,"code":101016,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,109296,109297],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109298,109299,109301,109303,109305,109307],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109300,9166],{"class":66},[53,109302,71],{"class":70},[53,109304,74],{"class":66},[53,109306,82],{"class":70},[53,109308,9197],{"class":66},[39,109310,11364],{"id":11363},[44,109312,109314],{"className":46,"code":109313,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,109315,109316,109348,109352,109370,109374],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109317,109318,109320,109322,109324,109326,109328,109330,109332,109334,109336,109338,109340,109342,109344,109346],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109319,221],{"class":59},[53,109321,31],{"class":63},[53,109323,10379],{"class":66},[53,109325,229],{"class":228},[53,109327,233],{"class":232},[53,109329,229],{"class":228},[53,109331,74],{"class":66},[53,109333,240],{"class":228},[53,109335,243],{"class":232},[53,109337,229],{"class":228},[53,109339,74],{"class":66},[53,109341,240],{"class":228},[53,109343,252],{"class":232},[53,109345,229],{"class":228},[53,109347,9197],{"class":66},[53,109349,109350],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,109351,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,109353,109354,109356,109358,109360,109362,109364,109366,109368],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,109355,285],{"class":59},[53,109357,99],{"class":66},[53,109359,34668],{"class":102},[53,109361,127],{"class":66},[53,109363,229],{"class":228},[53,109365,243],{"class":232},[53,109367,229],{"class":228},[53,109369,133],{"class":66},[53,109371,109372],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,109373,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,109375,109376,109378,109380,109382],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,109377,145],{"class":144},[53,109379,127],{"class":66},[53,109381,285],{"class":102},[53,109383,133],{"class":66},[20,109385,109386],{},[34,109387,29901],{},[44,109389,109391],{"className":46,"code":109390,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,109392,109393],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109394,109395,109397,109399,109401,109403,109405,109407,109409,109411],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109396,9166],{"class":66},[53,109398,314],{"class":228},[53,109400,233],{"class":232},[53,109402,314],{"class":228},[53,109404,74],{"class":66},[53,109406,323],{"class":228},[53,109408,252],{"class":232},[53,109410,314],{"class":228},[53,109412,9197],{"class":66},[20,109414,109415,109416,109418],{},"This removes ",[15,109417,64989],{}," from the set.",[20,109420,109421,109422,109424,109425,99],{},"A set does ",[34,109423,36],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[758,109426,96050],{"href":97601},[39,109428,109430],{"id":109429},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,109432,109433,109434,52367,109436,99],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,109435,55393],{},[15,109437,19555],{},[44,109439,109441],{"className":46,"code":109440,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,109442,109443,109475],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109444,109445,109447,109449,109451,109453,109455,109457,109459,109461,109463,109465,109467,109469,109471,109473],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109446,1025],{"class":59},[53,109448,31],{"class":63},[53,109450,10379],{"class":66},[53,109452,229],{"class":228},[53,109454,1034],{"class":232},[53,109456,229],{"class":228},[53,109458,74],{"class":66},[53,109460,240],{"class":228},[53,109462,1043],{"class":232},[53,109464,229],{"class":228},[53,109466,74],{"class":66},[53,109468,240],{"class":228},[53,109470,17324],{"class":232},[53,109472,229],{"class":228},[53,109474,9197],{"class":66},[53,109476,109477,109479,109481,109483,109485,109487,109489,109491],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,109478,1115],{"class":59},[53,109480,99],{"class":66},[53,109482,34668],{"class":102},[53,109484,127],{"class":66},[53,109486,229],{"class":228},[53,109488,22393],{"class":232},[53,109490,229],{"class":228},[53,109492,133],{"class":66},[20,109494,109495],{},[34,109496,109497],{},"Result:",[44,109499,109501],{"className":46,"code":109500,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,109502,109503],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109504,109505,109507,109509,109511,109513],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109506,19555],{"class":1704},[53,109508,192],{"class":66},[53,109510,323],{"class":228},[53,109512,22393],{"class":232},[53,109514,29571],{"class":228},[20,109516,22058,109517,109520],{},[15,109518,109519],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,109522,109523,109524,109526],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,109525,55393],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,109528,109529,109530,99],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[758,109531,11151],{"href":10962},[39,109533,4086,109535,109537,109538],{"id":109534},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,109536,55393],{}," is different from ",[15,109539,102572],{},[20,109541,109542,960,109544,109546],{},[15,109543,55393],{},[15,109545,102572],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[1327,109548,109549],{"id":34668},[15,109550,55393],{},[194,109552,109553,109556],{},[197,109554,109555],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[197,109557,109558],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[44,109560,109562],{"className":46,"code":109561,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,109563,109564,109596],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109565,109566,109568,109570,109572,109574,109576,109578,109580,109582,109584,109586,109588,109590,109592,109594],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109567,35966],{"class":59},[53,109569,31],{"class":63},[53,109571,10379],{"class":66},[53,109573,229],{"class":228},[53,109575,758],{"class":232},[53,109577,229],{"class":228},[53,109579,74],{"class":66},[53,109581,240],{"class":228},[53,109583,1376],{"class":232},[53,109585,229],{"class":228},[53,109587,74],{"class":66},[53,109589,240],{"class":228},[53,109591,9628],{"class":232},[53,109593,229],{"class":228},[53,109595,9197],{"class":66},[53,109597,109598,109600,109602,109604,109606,109608,109610,109612],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,109599,36019],{"class":59},[53,109601,99],{"class":66},[53,109603,34668],{"class":102},[53,109605,127],{"class":66},[53,109607,229],{"class":228},[53,109609,18635],{"class":232},[53,109611,229],{"class":228},[53,109613,133],{"class":66},[20,109615,108372],{},[44,109617,109619],{"className":46,"code":109618,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,109620,109621],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109622,109623,109625,109627,109629,109631],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109624,19555],{"class":1704},[53,109626,192],{"class":66},[53,109628,323],{"class":228},[53,109630,18635],{"class":232},[53,109632,29571],{"class":228},[1327,109634,109635],{"id":102639},[15,109636,102572],{},[194,109638,109639,109641],{},[197,109640,109555],{},[197,109642,109643],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[44,109645,109647],{"className":46,"code":109646,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,109648,109649,109681,109699],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109650,109651,109653,109655,109657,109659,109661,109663,109665,109667,109669,109671,109673,109675,109677,109679],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109652,35966],{"class":59},[53,109654,31],{"class":63},[53,109656,10379],{"class":66},[53,109658,229],{"class":228},[53,109660,758],{"class":232},[53,109662,229],{"class":228},[53,109664,74],{"class":66},[53,109666,240],{"class":228},[53,109668,1376],{"class":232},[53,109670,229],{"class":228},[53,109672,74],{"class":66},[53,109674,240],{"class":228},[53,109676,9628],{"class":232},[53,109678,229],{"class":228},[53,109680,9197],{"class":66},[53,109682,109683,109685,109687,109689,109691,109693,109695,109697],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,109684,36019],{"class":59},[53,109686,99],{"class":66},[53,109688,102639],{"class":102},[53,109690,127],{"class":66},[53,109692,229],{"class":228},[53,109694,18635],{"class":232},[53,109696,229],{"class":228},[53,109698,133],{"class":66},[53,109700,109701,109703,109705,109707],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,109702,145],{"class":144},[53,109704,127],{"class":66},[53,109706,36019],{"class":102},[53,109708,133],{"class":66},[20,109710,109711],{},[34,109712,301],{},[44,109714,109716],{"className":46,"code":109715,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,109717,109718],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109719,109720,109722,109724,109726,109728,109730,109732,109734,109736,109738,109740,109742,109744],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109721,9166],{"class":66},[53,109723,314],{"class":228},[53,109725,758],{"class":232},[53,109727,314],{"class":228},[53,109729,74],{"class":66},[53,109731,323],{"class":228},[53,109733,1376],{"class":232},[53,109735,314],{"class":228},[53,109737,74],{"class":66},[53,109739,323],{"class":228},[53,109741,9628],{"class":232},[53,109743,314],{"class":228},[53,109745,9197],{"class":66},[20,109747,18562],{},[194,109749,109750,109755],{},[197,109751,109752,109754],{},[15,109753,55393],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[197,109756,109757,109759],{},[15,109758,102572],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,109761,109762,109763,99],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[758,109764,96532,109765,1316],{"href":108175},[15,109766,102572],{},[39,109768,1320],{"id":1319},[1327,109770,8339,109772,96912],{"id":109771},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,109773,55393],{},[20,109775,109776,109778,109779,99],{},[15,109777,55393],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,109780,3664],{},[20,109782,16514],{},[44,109784,109786],{"className":46,"code":109785,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,109787,109788,109820,109842],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109789,109790,109792,109794,109796,109798,109800,109802,109804,109806,109808,109810,109812,109814,109816,109818],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109791,1025],{"class":59},[53,109793,31],{"class":63},[53,109795,10379],{"class":66},[53,109797,229],{"class":228},[53,109799,1034],{"class":232},[53,109801,229],{"class":228},[53,109803,74],{"class":66},[53,109805,240],{"class":228},[53,109807,1043],{"class":232},[53,109809,229],{"class":228},[53,109811,74],{"class":66},[53,109813,240],{"class":228},[53,109815,17324],{"class":232},[53,109817,229],{"class":228},[53,109819,9197],{"class":66},[53,109821,109822,109824,109826,109828,109830,109832,109834,109836,109838,109840],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,109823,1052],{"class":59},[53,109825,31],{"class":63},[53,109827,1057],{"class":59},[53,109829,99],{"class":66},[53,109831,34668],{"class":102},[53,109833,127],{"class":66},[53,109835,229],{"class":228},[53,109837,1043],{"class":232},[53,109839,229],{"class":228},[53,109841,133],{"class":66},[53,109843,109844,109846,109848,109850],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,109845,145],{"class":144},[53,109847,127],{"class":66},[53,109849,1076],{"class":102},[53,109851,133],{"class":66},[20,109853,109854],{},[34,109855,301],{},[44,109857,109858],{"className":46,"code":11698,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,109859,109860],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109861,109862],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109863,11698],{"class":3739},[20,109865,1015],{},[44,109867,109868],{"className":46,"code":109078,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,109869,109870,109902,109920],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109871,109872,109874,109876,109878,109880,109882,109884,109886,109888,109890,109892,109894,109896,109898,109900],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109873,1025],{"class":59},[53,109875,31],{"class":63},[53,109877,10379],{"class":66},[53,109879,229],{"class":228},[53,109881,1034],{"class":232},[53,109883,229],{"class":228},[53,109885,74],{"class":66},[53,109887,240],{"class":228},[53,109889,1043],{"class":232},[53,109891,229],{"class":228},[53,109893,74],{"class":66},[53,109895,240],{"class":228},[53,109897,17324],{"class":232},[53,109899,229],{"class":228},[53,109901,9197],{"class":66},[53,109903,109904,109906,109908,109910,109912,109914,109916,109918],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,109905,1115],{"class":59},[53,109907,99],{"class":66},[53,109909,34668],{"class":102},[53,109911,127],{"class":66},[53,109913,229],{"class":228},[53,109915,1043],{"class":232},[53,109917,229],{"class":228},[53,109919,133],{"class":66},[53,109921,109922,109924,109926,109928],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,109923,145],{"class":144},[53,109925,127],{"class":66},[53,109927,1115],{"class":102},[53,109929,133],{"class":66},[1327,109931,109933],{"id":109932},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,109935,109936,109937,99],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,109938,19555],{},[44,109940,109942],{"className":46,"code":109941,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,109943,109944,109968],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109945,109946,109948,109950,109952,109954,109956,109958,109960,109962,109964,109966],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109947,1025],{"class":59},[53,109949,31],{"class":63},[53,109951,10379],{"class":66},[53,109953,229],{"class":228},[53,109955,1034],{"class":232},[53,109957,229],{"class":228},[53,109959,74],{"class":66},[53,109961,240],{"class":228},[53,109963,1043],{"class":232},[53,109965,229],{"class":228},[53,109967,9197],{"class":66},[53,109969,109970,109972,109974,109976,109978,109980,109982,109984],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,109971,1115],{"class":59},[53,109973,99],{"class":66},[53,109975,34668],{"class":102},[53,109977,127],{"class":66},[53,109979,229],{"class":228},[53,109981,17324],{"class":232},[53,109983,229],{"class":228},[53,109985,133],{"class":66},[20,109987,109988,109989,192],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,109990,3771],{},[44,109992,109994],{"className":46,"code":109993,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,109995,109996,110020,110024,110040],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109997,109998,110000,110002,110004,110006,110008,110010,110012,110014,110016,110018],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109999,1025],{"class":59},[53,110001,31],{"class":63},[53,110003,10379],{"class":66},[53,110005,229],{"class":228},[53,110007,1034],{"class":232},[53,110009,229],{"class":228},[53,110011,74],{"class":66},[53,110013,240],{"class":228},[53,110015,1043],{"class":232},[53,110017,229],{"class":228},[53,110019,9197],{"class":66},[53,110021,110022],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,110023,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,110025,110026,110028,110030,110032,110034,110036,110038],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,110027,6884],{"class":3764},[53,110029,240],{"class":228},[53,110031,17324],{"class":232},[53,110033,229],{"class":228},[53,110035,21042],{"class":63},[53,110037,1057],{"class":59},[53,110039,6280],{"class":66},[53,110041,110042,110045,110047,110049,110051,110053,110055,110057],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,110043,110044],{"class":59},"    colors",[53,110046,99],{"class":66},[53,110048,34668],{"class":102},[53,110050,127],{"class":66},[53,110052,229],{"class":228},[53,110054,17324],{"class":232},[53,110056,229],{"class":228},[53,110058,133],{"class":66},[20,110060,110061,110062,110066],{},"Or use ",[758,110063,110064],{"href":108175},[15,110065,102572],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[1327,110068,37078,110070,8591,110072],{"id":110069},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,110071,102586],{},[15,110073,54940],{},[20,110075,110076],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,110078,110079,110080,110082],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,110081,102586],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,110084,110085,110086,99],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[758,110087,98796],{"href":98795},[1327,110089,110091],{"id":110090},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,110093,108081],{},[20,110095,110096],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[39,110098,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,110100,1729,110102,97011],{"id":110101},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,110103,102586],{},[20,110105,110106,110107,99],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,110108,3664],{},[1327,110110,30159,110112,110114],{"id":110111},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,110113,102586],{}," raise?",[20,110116,30165,110117,110119],{},[15,110118,19555],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[1327,110121,21289,110123,2765,110125,1744],{"id":110122},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,110124,55393],{},[15,110126,102572],{},[20,110128,174,110129,110131,110132,110134],{},[15,110130,55393],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,110133,102572],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[1327,110136,5053,110138,110140],{"id":110137},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,110139,102586],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,110142,110143],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[39,110145,1788],{"id":1787},[194,110147,110148,110154,110160,110164,110168],{},[197,110149,110150],{},[758,110151,96532,110152,1316],{"href":108175},[15,110153,102572],{},[197,110155,110156],{},[758,110157,96532,110158,1316],{"href":97932},[15,110159,12650],{},[197,110161,110162],{},[758,110163,97056],{"href":97601},[197,110165,110166],{},[758,110167,100062],{"href":98795},[197,110169,110170],{},[758,110171,11151],{"href":10962},[1817,110173,110174],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":110176},[110177,110178,110180,110181,110182,110183,110188,110196,110206],{"id":41,"depth":88,"text":42},{"id":109178,"depth":88,"text":110179},"What set.remove() does",{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372},{"id":11363,"depth":88,"text":11364},{"id":109429,"depth":88,"text":109430},{"id":109534,"depth":88,"text":110184,"children":110185},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110186,110187],{"id":34668,"depth":109,"text":55393},{"id":102639,"depth":109,"text":102572},{"id":1319,"depth":88,"text":1320,"children":110189},[110190,110192,110193,110195],{"id":109771,"depth":109,"text":110191},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":109932,"depth":109,"text":109933},{"id":110069,"depth":109,"text":110194},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110090,"depth":109,"text":110091},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":110197},[110198,110200,110202,110204],{"id":110101,"depth":109,"text":110199},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110111,"depth":109,"text":110201},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110122,"depth":109,"text":110203},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110137,"depth":109,"text":110205},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109052,"description":110207},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110214,"title":110215,"body":110216,"description":111589,"extension":1853,"meta":111590,"navigation":112,"path":111591,"seo":111592,"stem":111593,"__hash__":111594},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110217,"toc":111564},[110218,110224,110230,110233,110236,110250,110252,110333,110336,110341,110345,110359,110366,110368,110387,110390,110408,110410,110490,110492,110517,110521,110524,110532,110537,110542,110544,110557,110562,110565,110589,110592,110600,110602,110605,110702,110704,110737,110739,110765,110772,110775,110779,110787,110791,110799,110801,110891,110893,110907,110914,110919,110924,110926,111017,111019,111031,111033,111047,111053,111061,111063,111145,111147,111192,111195,111203,111206,111208,111212,111255,111257,111277,111282,111284,111369,111371,111376,111378,111385,111393,111399,111402,111404,111490,111492,111516,111520,111523,111525,111552,111562],[10,110219,95918,110221,18],{"id":110220},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,110222,110223],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,110225,110226,110229],{},[15,110227,110228],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,110231,110232],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,110234,110235],{},"Use it when:",[194,110237,110238,110241,110247],{},[197,110239,110240],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[197,110242,110243,110244,110246],{},"you do ",[34,110245,36],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[197,110248,110249],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[39,110251,3497],{"id":3496},[44,110253,110255],{"className":46,"code":110254,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110256,110257,110277,110297,110301,110320],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,110258,110259,110261,110263,110265,110267,110269,110271,110273,110275],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,110260,1345],{"class":59},[53,110262,31],{"class":63},[53,110264,10379],{"class":66},[53,110266,71],{"class":70},[53,110268,74],{"class":66},[53,110270,77],{"class":70},[53,110272,74],{"class":66},[53,110274,82],{"class":70},[53,110276,9197],{"class":66},[53,110278,110279,110281,110283,110285,110287,110289,110291,110293,110295],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,110280,1366],{"class":59},[53,110282,31],{"class":63},[53,110284,10379],{"class":66},[53,110286,815],{"class":70},[53,110288,74],{"class":66},[53,110290,597],{"class":70},[53,110292,74],{"class":66},[53,110294,4491],{"class":70},[53,110296,9197],{"class":66},[53,110298,110299],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,110300,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,110302,110303,110305,110307,110309,110311,110314,110316,110318],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,110304,2117],{"class":59},[53,110306,31],{"class":63},[53,110308,1442],{"class":59},[53,110310,99],{"class":66},[53,110312,110313],{"class":102},"symmetric_difference",[53,110315,127],{"class":66},[53,110317,1376],{"class":102},[53,110319,133],{"class":66},[53,110321,110322,110324,110326,110328,110330],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,110323,145],{"class":144},[53,110325,127],{"class":66},[53,110327,2152],{"class":102},[53,110329,153],{"class":66},[53,110331,110332],{"class":156},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,110334,110335],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[39,110337,184,110339,187],{"id":110338},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,110340,110223],{},[20,110342,110343,192],{},[15,110344,110228],{},[194,110346,110347,110350,110353,110356],{},[197,110348,110349],{},"returns a new set",[197,110351,110352],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[197,110354,110355],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[197,110357,110358],{},"does not change the original set",[20,110360,96042,110361,2765,110363,99],{},[758,110362,96046],{"href":96045},[758,110364,110365],{"href":96049},"creating a set in Python",[39,110367,372],{"id":371},[44,110369,110371],{"className":46,"code":110370,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,110372,110373],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,110374,110375,110377,110379,110381,110383,110385],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,110376,100303],{"class":59},[53,110378,99],{"class":66},[53,110380,110313],{"class":102},[53,110382,127],{"class":66},[53,110384,100312],{"class":102},[53,110386,133],{"class":66},[20,110388,110389],{},"Notes:",[194,110391,110392,110397,110402,110405],{},[197,110393,110394,110396],{},[15,110395,100303],{}," must be a set",[197,110398,110399,110401],{},[15,110400,100312],{}," can be any iterable",[197,110403,110404],{},"the result is always a set",[197,110406,110407],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,110409,211],{},[44,110411,110413],{"className":46,"code":110412,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,110414,110415,110436,110457,110461,110480],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,110416,110417,110420,110422,110424,110426,110428,110430,110432,110434],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,110418,110419],{"class":59},"set1 ",[53,110421,31],{"class":63},[53,110423,10379],{"class":66},[53,110425,71],{"class":70},[53,110427,74],{"class":66},[53,110429,77],{"class":70},[53,110431,74],{"class":66},[53,110433,82],{"class":70},[53,110435,9197],{"class":66},[53,110437,110438,110441,110443,110445,110447,110449,110451,110453,110455],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,110439,110440],{"class":59},"set2 ",[53,110442,31],{"class":63},[53,110444,10379],{"class":66},[53,110446,815],{"class":70},[53,110448,74],{"class":66},[53,110450,597],{"class":70},[53,110452,74],{"class":66},[53,110454,4491],{"class":70},[53,110456,9197],{"class":66},[53,110458,110459],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,110460,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,110462,110463,110465,110467,110470,110472,110474,110476,110478],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,110464,2117],{"class":59},[53,110466,31],{"class":63},[53,110468,110469],{"class":59}," set1",[53,110471,99],{"class":66},[53,110473,110313],{"class":102},[53,110475,127],{"class":66},[53,110477,100312],{"class":102},[53,110479,133],{"class":66},[53,110481,110482,110484,110486,110488],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,110483,145],{"class":144},[53,110485,127],{"class":66},[53,110487,2152],{"class":102},[53,110489,133],{"class":66},[20,110491,301],{},[44,110493,110495],{"className":46,"code":110494,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110496,110497],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,110498,110499,110501,110503,110505,110507,110509,110511,110513,110515],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,110500,9166],{"class":66},[53,110502,71],{"class":70},[53,110504,74],{"class":66},[53,110506,77],{"class":70},[53,110508,74],{"class":66},[53,110510,597],{"class":70},[53,110512,74],{"class":66},[53,110514,4491],{"class":70},[53,110516,9197],{"class":66},[39,110518,110520],{"id":110519},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,110522,110523],{},"The result includes:",[194,110525,110526,110529],{},[197,110527,110528],{},"items only in the first set",[197,110530,110531],{},"items only in the second set",[20,110533,110534,110535,10971],{},"The result does ",[34,110536,36],{},[194,110538,110539],{},[197,110540,110541],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,110543,5356],{},[194,110545,110546,110551],{},[197,110547,110548,110549],{},"first set: ",[15,110550,100000],{},[197,110552,110553,110554],{},"second set: ",[15,110555,110556],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,110558,3938,110559,110561],{},[15,110560,815],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,110563,110564],{},"The output is:",[44,110566,110567],{"className":46,"code":110494,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,110568,110569],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,110570,110571,110573,110575,110577,110579,110581,110583,110585,110587],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,110572,9166],{"class":66},[53,110574,71],{"class":70},[53,110576,74],{"class":66},[53,110578,77],{"class":70},[53,110580,74],{"class":66},[53,110582,597],{"class":70},[53,110584,74],{"class":66},[53,110586,4491],{"class":70},[53,110588,9197],{"class":66},[20,110590,110591],{},"Also remember:",[194,110593,110594,110597],{},[197,110595,110596],{},"sets are unordered",[197,110598,110599],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[39,110601,11364],{"id":11363},[20,110603,110604],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[44,110606,110608],{"className":46,"code":110607,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,110609,110610,110642,110666,110670,110688,110692],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,110611,110612,110614,110616,110618,110620,110622,110624,110626,110628,110630,110632,110634,110636,110638,110640],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,110613,106743],{"class":59},[53,110615,31],{"class":63},[53,110617,10379],{"class":66},[53,110619,229],{"class":228},[53,110621,1034],{"class":232},[53,110623,229],{"class":228},[53,110625,74],{"class":66},[53,110627,240],{"class":228},[53,110629,1043],{"class":232},[53,110631,229],{"class":228},[53,110633,74],{"class":66},[53,110635,240],{"class":228},[53,110637,17324],{"class":232},[53,110639,229],{"class":228},[53,110641,9197],{"class":66},[53,110643,110644,110646,110648,110650,110652,110654,110656,110658,110660,110662,110664],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,110645,106776],{"class":59},[53,110647,31],{"class":63},[53,110649,10379],{"class":66},[53,110651,229],{"class":228},[53,110653,17324],{"class":232},[53,110655,229],{"class":228},[53,110657,74],{"class":66},[53,110659,240],{"class":228},[53,110661,22393],{"class":232},[53,110663,229],{"class":228},[53,110665,9197],{"class":66},[53,110667,110668],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,110669,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,110671,110672,110674,110676,110678,110680,110682,110684,110686],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,110673,2117],{"class":59},[53,110675,31],{"class":63},[53,110677,106818],{"class":59},[53,110679,99],{"class":66},[53,110681,110313],{"class":102},[53,110683,127],{"class":66},[53,110685,106827],{"class":102},[53,110687,133],{"class":66},[53,110689,110690],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,110691,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,110693,110694,110696,110698,110700],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,110695,145],{"class":144},[53,110697,127],{"class":66},[53,110699,2152],{"class":102},[53,110701,133],{"class":66},[20,110703,301],{},[44,110705,110707],{"className":46,"code":110706,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,110708,110709],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,110710,110711,110713,110715,110717,110719,110721,110723,110725,110727,110729,110731,110733,110735],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,110712,9166],{"class":66},[53,110714,314],{"class":228},[53,110716,1034],{"class":232},[53,110718,314],{"class":228},[53,110720,74],{"class":66},[53,110722,323],{"class":228},[53,110724,1043],{"class":232},[53,110726,314],{"class":228},[53,110728,74],{"class":66},[53,110730,323],{"class":228},[53,110732,22393],{"class":232},[53,110734,314],{"class":228},[53,110736,9197],{"class":66},[20,110738,13288],{},[194,110740,110741,110746,110757],{},[197,110742,110743,110745],{},[15,110744,96211],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[197,110747,110748,960,110750,110753,110754,110756],{},[15,110749,65107],{},[15,110751,110752],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,110755,106880],{},", so they stay",[197,110758,110759,110761,110762,110764],{},[15,110760,109519],{}," is only in ",[15,110763,106827],{},", so it stays",[39,110766,110768,10474,110770],{"id":110767},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,110769,110223],{},[15,110771,100132],{},[20,110773,110774],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,110776,110777,192],{},[15,110778,100132],{},[194,110780,110781,110784],{},[197,110782,110783],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[197,110785,110786],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,110788,110789,192],{},[15,110790,110223],{},[194,110792,110793,110796],{},[197,110794,110795],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[197,110797,110798],{},"removes shared items",[20,110800,211],{},[44,110802,110804],{"className":46,"code":110803,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110805,110806,110826,110846,110850,110871],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,110807,110808,110810,110812,110814,110816,110818,110820,110822,110824],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,110809,1345],{"class":59},[53,110811,31],{"class":63},[53,110813,10379],{"class":66},[53,110815,71],{"class":70},[53,110817,74],{"class":66},[53,110819,77],{"class":70},[53,110821,74],{"class":66},[53,110823,82],{"class":70},[53,110825,9197],{"class":66},[53,110827,110828,110830,110832,110834,110836,110838,110840,110842,110844],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,110829,1366],{"class":59},[53,110831,31],{"class":63},[53,110833,10379],{"class":66},[53,110835,815],{"class":70},[53,110837,74],{"class":66},[53,110839,597],{"class":70},[53,110841,74],{"class":66},[53,110843,4491],{"class":70},[53,110845,9197],{"class":66},[53,110847,110848],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,110849,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,110851,110852,110854,110856,110858,110860,110862,110864,110866,110868],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,110853,145],{"class":144},[53,110855,127],{"class":66},[53,110857,758],{"class":102},[53,110859,99],{"class":66},[53,110861,2697],{"class":102},[53,110863,127],{"class":66},[53,110865,1376],{"class":102},[53,110867,5245],{"class":66},[53,110869,110870],{"class":156},"            # {1, 2}\n",[53,110872,110873,110875,110877,110879,110881,110883,110885,110887,110889],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,110874,145],{"class":144},[53,110876,127],{"class":66},[53,110878,758],{"class":102},[53,110880,99],{"class":66},[53,110882,110313],{"class":102},[53,110884,127],{"class":66},[53,110886,1376],{"class":102},[53,110888,5245],{"class":66},[53,110890,110332],{"class":156},[20,110892,18562],{},[194,110894,110895,110902],{},[197,110896,110897,110901],{},[758,110898,110899],{"href":102558},[15,110900,100132],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[197,110903,110904,110906],{},[15,110905,110223],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[39,110908,110910,10474,110912],{"id":110909},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,110911,110223],{},[15,110913,102517],{},[20,110915,110916,110918],{},[15,110917,102517],{}," combines both sets.",[20,110920,110921,110923],{},[15,110922,110223],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,110925,211],{},[44,110927,110929],{"className":46,"code":110928,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110930,110931,110951,110971,110975,110997],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,110932,110933,110935,110937,110939,110941,110943,110945,110947,110949],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,110934,1345],{"class":59},[53,110936,31],{"class":63},[53,110938,10379],{"class":66},[53,110940,71],{"class":70},[53,110942,74],{"class":66},[53,110944,77],{"class":70},[53,110946,74],{"class":66},[53,110948,82],{"class":70},[53,110950,9197],{"class":66},[53,110952,110953,110955,110957,110959,110961,110963,110965,110967,110969],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,110954,1366],{"class":59},[53,110956,31],{"class":63},[53,110958,10379],{"class":66},[53,110960,815],{"class":70},[53,110962,74],{"class":66},[53,110964,597],{"class":70},[53,110966,74],{"class":66},[53,110968,4491],{"class":70},[53,110970,9197],{"class":66},[53,110972,110973],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,110974,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,110976,110977,110979,110981,110983,110985,110988,110990,110992,110994],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,110978,145],{"class":144},[53,110980,127],{"class":66},[53,110982,758],{"class":102},[53,110984,99],{"class":66},[53,110986,110987],{"class":102},"union",[53,110989,127],{"class":66},[53,110991,1376],{"class":102},[53,110993,5245],{"class":66},[53,110995,110996],{"class":156},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[53,110998,110999,111001,111003,111005,111007,111009,111011,111013,111015],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,111000,145],{"class":144},[53,111002,127],{"class":66},[53,111004,758],{"class":102},[53,111006,99],{"class":66},[53,111008,110313],{"class":102},[53,111010,127],{"class":66},[53,111012,1376],{"class":102},[53,111014,5245],{"class":66},[53,111016,110332],{"class":156},[20,111018,27091],{},[194,111020,111021,111026],{},[197,111022,111023,111025],{},[15,111024,102517],{}," includes everything",[197,111027,111028,111030],{},[15,111029,110223],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,111032,18562],{},[194,111034,111035,111042],{},[197,111036,111037,111041],{},[758,111038,111039],{"href":107448},[15,111040,102517],{}," when overlap does not matter",[197,111043,111044,111046],{},[15,111045,110223],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[39,111048,36486,111050,101316],{"id":111049},"using-the-operator",[15,111051,111052],{},"^",[20,111054,111055,111056,111058,111059,99],{},"For sets, the ",[15,111057,111052],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,111060,110223],{},[20,111062,211],{},[44,111064,111066],{"className":46,"code":111065,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,111067,111068,111088,111108,111112,111130],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,111069,111070,111072,111074,111076,111078,111080,111082,111084,111086],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,111071,110419],{"class":59},[53,111073,31],{"class":63},[53,111075,10379],{"class":66},[53,111077,71],{"class":70},[53,111079,74],{"class":66},[53,111081,77],{"class":70},[53,111083,74],{"class":66},[53,111085,82],{"class":70},[53,111087,9197],{"class":66},[53,111089,111090,111092,111094,111096,111098,111100,111102,111104,111106],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,111091,110440],{"class":59},[53,111093,31],{"class":63},[53,111095,10379],{"class":66},[53,111097,815],{"class":70},[53,111099,74],{"class":66},[53,111101,597],{"class":70},[53,111103,74],{"class":66},[53,111105,4491],{"class":70},[53,111107,9197],{"class":66},[53,111109,111110],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,111111,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,111113,111114,111116,111118,111120,111122,111124,111126,111128],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,111115,145],{"class":144},[53,111117,127],{"class":66},[53,111119,100303],{"class":102},[53,111121,99],{"class":66},[53,111123,110313],{"class":102},[53,111125,127],{"class":66},[53,111127,100312],{"class":102},[53,111129,1713],{"class":66},[53,111131,111132,111134,111136,111138,111140,111143],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,111133,145],{"class":144},[53,111135,127],{"class":66},[53,111137,110419],{"class":102},[53,111139,111052],{"class":63},[53,111141,111142],{"class":102}," set2",[53,111144,133],{"class":66},[20,111146,29901],{},[44,111148,111150],{"className":46,"code":111149,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111151,111152,111172],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,111153,111154,111156,111158,111160,111162,111164,111166,111168,111170],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,111155,9166],{"class":66},[53,111157,71],{"class":70},[53,111159,74],{"class":66},[53,111161,77],{"class":70},[53,111163,74],{"class":66},[53,111165,597],{"class":70},[53,111167,74],{"class":66},[53,111169,4491],{"class":70},[53,111171,9197],{"class":66},[53,111173,111174,111176,111178,111180,111182,111184,111186,111188,111190],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,111175,9166],{"class":66},[53,111177,71],{"class":70},[53,111179,74],{"class":66},[53,111181,77],{"class":70},[53,111183,74],{"class":66},[53,111185,597],{"class":70},[53,111187,74],{"class":66},[53,111189,4491],{"class":70},[53,111191,9197],{"class":66},[20,111193,111194],{},"Both forms:",[194,111196,111197,111200],{},[197,111198,111199],{},"return a new set",[197,111201,111202],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,111204,111205],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[39,111207,1320],{"id":1319},[20,111209,21080,111210,192],{},[15,111211,110223],{},[194,111213,111214,111222,111232,111247],{},[197,111215,111216,111219,111221],{},[34,111217,111218],{},"Expecting sorted output",[9735,111220],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[197,111223,111224,111227,111229,111231],{},[34,111225,111226],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[9735,111228],{},[15,111230,110223],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[197,111233,111234,111239,111241,111243,111244,111246],{},[34,111235,111236,111237],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,111238,100132],{},[9735,111240],{},[15,111242,100132],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,111245,110223],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[197,111248,111249,111252,111254],{},[34,111250,111251],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[9735,111253],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,111256,58575],{},[194,111258,111259,111268,111271,111274],{},[197,111260,50365,111261,44501,111263,111267],{},[15,111262,110223],{},[758,111264,111265],{"href":107448},[15,111266,102517],{}," is actually needed",[197,111269,111270],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[197,111272,111273],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[197,111275,111276],{},"being confused by output order",[20,111278,111279,111280,99],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[758,111281,98796],{"href":105061},[20,111283,62009],{},[44,111285,111287],{"className":46,"code":111286,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,111288,111289,111299,111309,111327,111341,111355],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,111290,111291,111293,111295,111297],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,111292,145],{"class":144},[53,111294,127],{"class":66},[53,111296,100303],{"class":102},[53,111298,133],{"class":66},[53,111300,111301,111303,111305,111307],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,111302,145],{"class":144},[53,111304,127],{"class":66},[53,111306,100312],{"class":102},[53,111308,133],{"class":66},[53,111310,111311,111313,111315,111317,111319,111321,111323,111325],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,111312,145],{"class":144},[53,111314,127],{"class":66},[53,111316,100303],{"class":102},[53,111318,99],{"class":66},[53,111320,110313],{"class":102},[53,111322,127],{"class":66},[53,111324,100312],{"class":102},[53,111326,1713],{"class":66},[53,111328,111329,111331,111333,111335,111337,111339],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,111330,145],{"class":144},[53,111332,127],{"class":66},[53,111334,110419],{"class":102},[53,111336,111052],{"class":63},[53,111338,111142],{"class":102},[53,111340,133],{"class":66},[53,111342,111343,111345,111347,111349,111351,111353],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,111344,145],{"class":144},[53,111346,127],{"class":66},[53,111348,1705],{"class":1704},[53,111350,127],{"class":66},[53,111352,100303],{"class":102},[53,111354,1713],{"class":66},[53,111356,111357,111359,111361,111363,111365,111367],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,111358,145],{"class":144},[53,111360,127],{"class":66},[53,111362,1705],{"class":1704},[53,111364,127],{"class":66},[53,111366,100312],{"class":102},[53,111368,1713],{"class":66},[39,111370,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,111372,1729,111374,102457],{"id":111373},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,111375,110223],{},[20,111377,102460],{},[1327,111379,1739,111381,960,111383,1744],{"id":111380},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,111382,110223],{},[15,111384,100132],{},[20,111386,111387,111389,111390,111392],{},[15,111388,100132],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,111391,110223],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[1327,111394,28199,111396,111398],{"id":111395},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,111397,110223],{}," with lists?",[20,111400,111401],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,111403,211],{},[44,111405,111407],{"className":46,"code":111406,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,111408,111409,111429,111449,111453,111480],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,111410,111411,111413,111415,111417,111419,111421,111423,111425,111427],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,111412,80373],{"class":59},[53,111414,31],{"class":63},[53,111416,67],{"class":66},[53,111418,71],{"class":70},[53,111420,74],{"class":66},[53,111422,77],{"class":70},[53,111424,74],{"class":66},[53,111426,82],{"class":70},[53,111428,85],{"class":66},[53,111430,111431,111433,111435,111437,111439,111441,111443,111445,111447],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,111432,80394],{"class":59},[53,111434,31],{"class":63},[53,111436,67],{"class":66},[53,111438,815],{"class":70},[53,111440,74],{"class":66},[53,111442,597],{"class":70},[53,111444,74],{"class":66},[53,111446,4491],{"class":70},[53,111448,85],{"class":66},[53,111450,111451],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,111452,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,111454,111455,111457,111459,111461,111463,111466,111468,111470,111472,111474,111476,111478],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,111456,2117],{"class":59},[53,111458,31],{"class":63},[53,111460,15504],{"class":1704},[53,111462,127],{"class":66},[53,111464,111465],{"class":102},"list1",[53,111467,8518],{"class":66},[53,111469,110313],{"class":102},[53,111471,127],{"class":66},[53,111473,6173],{"class":1704},[53,111475,127],{"class":66},[53,111477,80660],{"class":102},[53,111479,1713],{"class":66},[53,111481,111482,111484,111486,111488],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,111483,145],{"class":144},[53,111485,127],{"class":66},[53,111487,2152],{"class":102},[53,111489,133],{"class":66},[20,111491,301],{},[44,111493,111494],{"className":46,"code":110494,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,111495,111496],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,111497,111498,111500,111502,111504,111506,111508,111510,111512,111514],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,111499,9166],{"class":66},[53,111501,71],{"class":70},[53,111503,74],{"class":66},[53,111505,77],{"class":70},[53,111507,74],{"class":66},[53,111509,597],{"class":70},[53,111511,74],{"class":66},[53,111513,4491],{"class":70},[53,111515,9197],{"class":66},[1327,111517,111519],{"id":111518},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,111521,111522],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[39,111524,1788],{"id":1787},[194,111526,111527,111531,111536,111542,111548],{},[197,111528,111529],{},[758,111530,96046],{"href":96045},[197,111532,111533],{},[758,111534,111535],{"href":96049},"Creating a set in Python",[197,111537,111538],{},[758,111539,96532,111540,1316],{"href":102558},[15,111541,100132],{},[197,111543,111544],{},[758,111545,96532,111546,1316],{"href":107448},[15,111547,102517],{},[197,111549,111550],{},[758,111551,100062],{"href":105061},[20,111553,111554,111555,2076,111557,16942,111559,111561],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,111556,100132],{},[15,111558,102517],{},[15,111560,110223],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[1817,111563,1819],{},{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":111565},[111566,111567,111569,111570,111571,111572,111574,111576,111578,111579,111588],{"id":3496,"depth":88,"text":3497},{"id":110338,"depth":88,"text":111568},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372},{"id":110519,"depth":88,"text":110520},{"id":11363,"depth":88,"text":11364},{"id":110767,"depth":88,"text":111573},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":110909,"depth":88,"text":111575},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111049,"depth":88,"text":111577},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":1319,"depth":88,"text":1320},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":111580},[111581,111583,111585,111587],{"id":111373,"depth":109,"text":111582},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111380,"depth":109,"text":111584},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111395,"depth":109,"text":111586},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111518,"depth":109,"text":111519},{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110215,"description":111589},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111596,"title":111597,"body":111598,"description":113661,"extension":1853,"meta":113662,"navigation":112,"path":107448,"seo":113663,"stem":113664,"__hash__":113665},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111599,"toc":113620},[111600,111605,111610,111613,111626,111628,111710,111715,111720,111724,111736,111739,111743,111745,111772,111774,111785,111788,111857,111859,111865,111868,111878,111880,111969,111974,111976,111983,111986,111988,111991,112111,112113,112182,112185,112202,112207,112210,112326,112328,112357,112360,112366,112371,112375,112456,112458,112486,112491,112495,112590,112592,112633,112637,112640,112707,112709,112750,112756,112771,112778,112785,112789,112795,112881,112885,112893,112964,112969,112976,112978,112984,112986,113051,113053,113069,113074,113077,113146,113150,113153,113212,113215,113219,113272,113285,113288,113341,113345,113347,113378,113381,113386,113439,113443,113446,113467,113479,113481,113534,113536,113541,113543,113549,113552,113558,113563,113567,113570,113578,113587,113589,113617],[10,111601,3463,111603,18],{"id":111602},"python-setunion-method",[15,111604,107761],{},[20,111606,111607,111609],{},[15,111608,107761],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,111611,111612],{},"It is useful when you want:",[194,111614,111615,111618,111623],{},[197,111616,111617],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[197,111619,1345,111620,111622],{},[34,111621,100487],{}," as the result",[197,111624,111625],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[39,111627,42],{"id":41},[44,111629,111631],{"className":46,"code":111630,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,111632,111633,111653,111673,111677,111695,111705],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,111634,111635,111637,111639,111641,111643,111645,111647,111649,111651],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,111636,110419],{"class":59},[53,111638,31],{"class":63},[53,111640,10379],{"class":66},[53,111642,71],{"class":70},[53,111644,74],{"class":66},[53,111646,77],{"class":70},[53,111648,74],{"class":66},[53,111650,82],{"class":70},[53,111652,9197],{"class":66},[53,111654,111655,111657,111659,111661,111663,111665,111667,111669,111671],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,111656,110440],{"class":59},[53,111658,31],{"class":63},[53,111660,10379],{"class":66},[53,111662,815],{"class":70},[53,111664,74],{"class":66},[53,111666,597],{"class":70},[53,111668,74],{"class":66},[53,111670,4491],{"class":70},[53,111672,9197],{"class":66},[53,111674,111675],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,111676,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,111678,111679,111681,111683,111685,111687,111689,111691,111693],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,111680,2117],{"class":59},[53,111682,31],{"class":63},[53,111684,110469],{"class":59},[53,111686,99],{"class":66},[53,111688,110987],{"class":102},[53,111690,127],{"class":66},[53,111692,100312],{"class":102},[53,111694,133],{"class":66},[53,111696,111697,111699,111701,111703],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,111698,145],{"class":144},[53,111700,127],{"class":66},[53,111702,2152],{"class":102},[53,111704,133],{"class":66},[53,111706,111707],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,111708,111709],{"class":156},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,111711,111712,111714],{},[15,111713,102517],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[39,111716,184,111718,187],{"id":111717},"what-setunion-does",[15,111719,107761],{},[20,111721,111722,192],{},[15,111723,107761],{},[194,111725,111726,111729,111732,111734],{},[197,111727,111728],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[197,111730,111731],{},"keeps only unique values",[197,111733,110349],{},[197,111735,110358],{},[20,111737,111738],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,111740,96042,111741,99],{},[758,111742,96046],{"href":97217},[39,111744,372],{"id":371},[44,111746,111748],{"className":46,"code":111747,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,111749,111750],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,111751,111752,111754,111756,111758,111760,111762,111764,111766,111768,111770],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,111753,100303],{"class":59},[53,111755,99],{"class":66},[53,111757,110987],{"class":102},[53,111759,127],{"class":66},[53,111761,100312],{"class":102},[53,111763,74],{"class":66},[53,111765,100339],{"class":102},[53,111767,74],{"class":66},[53,111769,34327],{"class":144},[53,111771,133],{"class":66},[20,111773,12936],{},[194,111775,111776,111779,111782],{},[197,111777,111778],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[197,111780,111781],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[197,111783,111784],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,111786,111787],{},"Example with two sets:",[44,111789,111791],{"className":46,"code":111790,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,111792,111793,111809,111825,111829,111847],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,111794,111795,111797,111799,111801,111803,111805,111807],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,111796,1345],{"class":59},[53,111798,31],{"class":63},[53,111800,10379],{"class":66},[53,111802,71],{"class":70},[53,111804,74],{"class":66},[53,111806,77],{"class":70},[53,111808,9197],{"class":66},[53,111810,111811,111813,111815,111817,111819,111821,111823],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,111812,1366],{"class":59},[53,111814,31],{"class":63},[53,111816,10379],{"class":66},[53,111818,1589],{"class":70},[53,111820,74],{"class":66},[53,111822,82],{"class":70},[53,111824,9197],{"class":66},[53,111826,111827],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,111828,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,111830,111831,111833,111835,111837,111839,111841,111843,111845],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,111832,2117],{"class":59},[53,111834,31],{"class":63},[53,111836,1442],{"class":59},[53,111838,99],{"class":66},[53,111840,110987],{"class":102},[53,111842,127],{"class":66},[53,111844,1376],{"class":102},[53,111846,133],{"class":66},[53,111848,111849,111851,111853,111855],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,111850,145],{"class":144},[53,111852,127],{"class":66},[53,111854,2152],{"class":102},[53,111856,133],{"class":66},[39,111858,21839],{"id":21838},[20,111860,111861,100484,111863,99],{},[15,111862,107761],{},[34,111864,100487],{},[20,111866,111867],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[194,111869,111870,111873],{},[197,111871,111872],{},"the original set",[197,111874,111875,111876],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,111877,102517],{},[20,111879,211],{},[44,111881,111883],{"className":46,"code":111882,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,111884,111885,111901,111917,111921,111939,111943,111956],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,111886,111887,111889,111891,111893,111895,111897,111899],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,111888,1345],{"class":59},[53,111890,31],{"class":63},[53,111892,10379],{"class":66},[53,111894,71],{"class":70},[53,111896,74],{"class":66},[53,111898,77],{"class":70},[53,111900,9197],{"class":66},[53,111902,111903,111905,111907,111909,111911,111913,111915],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,111904,1366],{"class":59},[53,111906,31],{"class":63},[53,111908,10379],{"class":66},[53,111910,1589],{"class":70},[53,111912,74],{"class":66},[53,111914,82],{"class":70},[53,111916,9197],{"class":66},[53,111918,111919],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,111920,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,111922,111923,111925,111927,111929,111931,111933,111935,111937],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,111924,2117],{"class":59},[53,111926,31],{"class":63},[53,111928,1442],{"class":59},[53,111930,99],{"class":66},[53,111932,110987],{"class":102},[53,111934,127],{"class":66},[53,111936,1376],{"class":102},[53,111938,133],{"class":66},[53,111940,111941],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,111942,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,111944,111945,111947,111949,111951,111953],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,111946,145],{"class":144},[53,111948,127],{"class":66},[53,111950,2152],{"class":102},[53,111952,153],{"class":66},[53,111954,111955],{"class":156},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[53,111957,111958,111960,111962,111964,111966],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,111959,145],{"class":144},[53,111961,127],{"class":66},[53,111963,758],{"class":102},[53,111965,153],{"class":66},[53,111967,111968],{"class":156},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,111970,2174,111971,111973],{},[15,111972,758],{}," did not change.",[20,111975,110591],{},[194,111977,111978,111980],{},[197,111979,110596],{},[197,111981,111982],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,111984,111985],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[39,111987,11364],{"id":11363},[20,111989,111990],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[44,111992,111994],{"className":46,"code":111993,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,111995,111996,112029,112062,112066,112086,112090,112100],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,111997,111998,112001,112003,112005,112007,112009,112011,112013,112015,112017,112019,112021,112023,112025,112027],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,111999,112000],{"class":59},"fruits1 ",[53,112002,31],{"class":63},[53,112004,10379],{"class":66},[53,112006,229],{"class":228},[53,112008,233],{"class":232},[53,112010,229],{"class":228},[53,112012,74],{"class":66},[53,112014,240],{"class":228},[53,112016,243],{"class":232},[53,112018,229],{"class":228},[53,112020,74],{"class":66},[53,112022,240],{"class":228},[53,112024,252],{"class":232},[53,112026,229],{"class":228},[53,112028,9197],{"class":66},[53,112030,112031,112034,112036,112038,112040,112042,112044,112046,112048,112050,112052,112054,112056,112058,112060],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,112032,112033],{"class":59},"fruits2 ",[53,112035,31],{"class":63},[53,112037,10379],{"class":66},[53,112039,229],{"class":228},[53,112041,243],{"class":232},[53,112043,229],{"class":228},[53,112045,74],{"class":66},[53,112047,240],{"class":228},[53,112049,22402],{"class":232},[53,112051,229],{"class":228},[53,112053,74],{"class":66},[53,112055,240],{"class":228},[53,112057,252],{"class":232},[53,112059,229],{"class":228},[53,112061,9197],{"class":66},[53,112063,112064],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,112065,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,112067,112068,112070,112072,112075,112077,112079,112081,112084],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,112069,2117],{"class":59},[53,112071,31],{"class":63},[53,112073,112074],{"class":59}," fruits1",[53,112076,99],{"class":66},[53,112078,110987],{"class":102},[53,112080,127],{"class":66},[53,112082,112083],{"class":102},"fruits2",[53,112085,133],{"class":66},[53,112087,112088],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,112089,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,112091,112092,112094,112096,112098],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,112093,145],{"class":144},[53,112095,127],{"class":66},[53,112097,2152],{"class":102},[53,112099,133],{"class":66},[53,112101,112102,112104,112106,112109],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,112103,145],{"class":144},[53,112105,127],{"class":66},[53,112107,112108],{"class":102},"fruits1",[53,112110,133],{"class":66},[20,112112,29901],{},[44,112114,112116],{"className":46,"code":112115,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,112117,112118,112154],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,112119,112120,112122,112124,112126,112128,112130,112132,112134,112136,112138,112140,112142,112144,112146,112148,112150,112152],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,112121,9166],{"class":66},[53,112123,314],{"class":228},[53,112125,243],{"class":232},[53,112127,314],{"class":228},[53,112129,74],{"class":66},[53,112131,323],{"class":228},[53,112133,252],{"class":232},[53,112135,314],{"class":228},[53,112137,74],{"class":66},[53,112139,323],{"class":228},[53,112141,233],{"class":232},[53,112143,314],{"class":228},[53,112145,74],{"class":66},[53,112147,323],{"class":228},[53,112149,22402],{"class":232},[53,112151,314],{"class":228},[53,112153,9197],{"class":66},[53,112155,112156,112158,112160,112162,112164,112166,112168,112170,112172,112174,112176,112178,112180],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,112157,9166],{"class":66},[53,112159,314],{"class":228},[53,112161,243],{"class":232},[53,112163,314],{"class":228},[53,112165,74],{"class":66},[53,112167,323],{"class":228},[53,112169,252],{"class":232},[53,112171,314],{"class":228},[53,112173,74],{"class":66},[53,112175,323],{"class":228},[53,112177,233],{"class":232},[53,112179,314],{"class":228},[53,112181,9197],{"class":66},[20,112183,112184],{},"What this shows:",[194,112186,112187,112194,112197],{},[197,112188,112189,960,112191,112193],{},[15,112190,64989],{},[15,112192,65416],{}," appear in both sets",[197,112195,112196],{},"they appear only once in the result",[197,112198,112199,112201],{},[15,112200,112108],{}," stays unchanged",[39,112203,485,112205,100876],{"id":112204},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,112206,102517],{},[20,112208,112209],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[44,112211,112213],{"className":46,"code":112212,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112214,112215,112231,112247,112264,112281,112285,112312,112316],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,112216,112217,112219,112221,112223,112225,112227,112229],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,112218,110419],{"class":59},[53,112220,31],{"class":63},[53,112222,10379],{"class":66},[53,112224,71],{"class":70},[53,112226,74],{"class":66},[53,112228,77],{"class":70},[53,112230,9197],{"class":66},[53,112232,112233,112235,112237,112239,112241,112243,112245],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,112234,110440],{"class":59},[53,112236,31],{"class":63},[53,112238,10379],{"class":66},[53,112240,1589],{"class":70},[53,112242,74],{"class":66},[53,112244,82],{"class":70},[53,112246,9197],{"class":66},[53,112248,112249,112252,112254,112256,112258,112260,112262],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,112250,112251],{"class":59},"set3 ",[53,112253,31],{"class":63},[53,112255,10379],{"class":66},[53,112257,815],{"class":70},[53,112259,74],{"class":66},[53,112261,597],{"class":70},[53,112263,9197],{"class":66},[53,112265,112266,112269,112271,112273,112275,112277,112279],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,112267,112268],{"class":59},"set4 ",[53,112270,31],{"class":63},[53,112272,10379],{"class":66},[53,112274,130],{"class":70},[53,112276,74],{"class":66},[53,112278,4491],{"class":70},[53,112280,9197],{"class":66},[53,112282,112283],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,112284,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,112286,112287,112289,112291,112293,112295,112297,112299,112301,112303,112305,112307,112310],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,112288,2117],{"class":59},[53,112290,31],{"class":63},[53,112292,110469],{"class":59},[53,112294,99],{"class":66},[53,112296,110987],{"class":102},[53,112298,127],{"class":66},[53,112300,100312],{"class":102},[53,112302,74],{"class":66},[53,112304,100339],{"class":102},[53,112306,74],{"class":66},[53,112308,112309],{"class":102}," set4",[53,112311,133],{"class":66},[53,112313,112314],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,112315,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,112317,112318,112320,112322,112324],{"class":55,"line":6312},[53,112319,145],{"class":144},[53,112321,127],{"class":66},[53,112323,2152],{"class":102},[53,112325,133],{"class":66},[20,112327,29901],{},[44,112329,112331],{"className":46,"code":112330,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112332,112333],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,112334,112335,112337,112339,112341,112343,112345,112347,112349,112351,112353,112355],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,112336,9166],{"class":66},[53,112338,71],{"class":70},[53,112340,74],{"class":66},[53,112342,77],{"class":70},[53,112344,74],{"class":66},[53,112346,82],{"class":70},[53,112348,74],{"class":66},[53,112350,597],{"class":70},[53,112352,74],{"class":66},[53,112354,4491],{"class":70},[53,112356,9197],{"class":66},[20,112358,112359],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[39,112361,485,112363,112365],{"id":112362},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,112364,102517],{}," with other iterables",[20,112367,112368,112370],{},[15,112369,102517],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[1327,112372,112374],{"id":112373},"with-a-list","With a list",[44,112376,112378],{"className":46,"code":112377,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112379,112380,112400,112424,112428,112446],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,112381,112382,112384,112386,112388,112390,112392,112394,112396,112398],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,112383,60],{"class":59},[53,112385,31],{"class":63},[53,112387,10379],{"class":66},[53,112389,71],{"class":70},[53,112391,74],{"class":66},[53,112393,77],{"class":70},[53,112395,74],{"class":66},[53,112397,82],{"class":70},[53,112399,9197],{"class":66},[53,112401,112402,112404,112406,112408,112410,112412,112414,112416,112418,112420,112422],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,112403,60761],{"class":59},[53,112405,31],{"class":63},[53,112407,67],{"class":66},[53,112409,815],{"class":70},[53,112411,74],{"class":66},[53,112413,597],{"class":70},[53,112415,74],{"class":66},[53,112417,4491],{"class":70},[53,112419,74],{"class":66},[53,112421,4491],{"class":70},[53,112423,85],{"class":66},[53,112425,112426],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,112427,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,112429,112430,112432,112434,112436,112438,112440,112442,112444],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,112431,2117],{"class":59},[53,112433,31],{"class":63},[53,112435,96],{"class":59},[53,112437,99],{"class":66},[53,112439,110987],{"class":102},[53,112441,127],{"class":66},[53,112443,60790],{"class":102},[53,112445,133],{"class":66},[53,112447,112448,112450,112452,112454],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,112449,145],{"class":144},[53,112451,127],{"class":66},[53,112453,2152],{"class":102},[53,112455,133],{"class":66},[20,112457,29901],{},[44,112459,112460],{"className":46,"code":112330,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,112461,112462],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,112463,112464,112466,112468,112470,112472,112474,112476,112478,112480,112482,112484],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,112465,9166],{"class":66},[53,112467,71],{"class":70},[53,112469,74],{"class":66},[53,112471,77],{"class":70},[53,112473,74],{"class":66},[53,112475,82],{"class":70},[53,112477,74],{"class":66},[53,112479,597],{"class":70},[53,112481,74],{"class":66},[53,112483,4491],{"class":70},[53,112485,9197],{"class":66},[20,112487,20846,112488,112490],{},[15,112489,2024],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[1327,112492,112494],{"id":112493},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[44,112496,112498],{"className":46,"code":112497,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112499,112500,112524,112557,112561,112580],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,112501,112502,112504,112506,112508,112510,112512,112514,112516,112518,112520,112522],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,112503,35966],{"class":59},[53,112505,31],{"class":63},[53,112507,10379],{"class":66},[53,112509,229],{"class":228},[53,112511,758],{"class":232},[53,112513,229],{"class":228},[53,112515,74],{"class":66},[53,112517,240],{"class":228},[53,112519,1376],{"class":232},[53,112521,229],{"class":228},[53,112523,9197],{"class":66},[53,112525,112526,112529,112531,112533,112535,112537,112539,112541,112543,112545,112547,112549,112551,112553,112555],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,112527,112528],{"class":59},"more_letters ",[53,112530,31],{"class":63},[53,112532,9124],{"class":66},[53,112534,229],{"class":228},[53,112536,1376],{"class":232},[53,112538,229],{"class":228},[53,112540,74],{"class":66},[53,112542,240],{"class":228},[53,112544,9628],{"class":232},[53,112546,229],{"class":228},[53,112548,74],{"class":66},[53,112550,240],{"class":228},[53,112552,18635],{"class":232},[53,112554,229],{"class":228},[53,112556,133],{"class":66},[53,112558,112559],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,112560,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,112562,112563,112565,112567,112569,112571,112573,112575,112578],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,112564,2117],{"class":59},[53,112566,31],{"class":63},[53,112568,69811],{"class":59},[53,112570,99],{"class":66},[53,112572,110987],{"class":102},[53,112574,127],{"class":66},[53,112576,112577],{"class":102},"more_letters",[53,112579,133],{"class":66},[53,112581,112582,112584,112586,112588],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,112583,145],{"class":144},[53,112585,127],{"class":66},[53,112587,2152],{"class":102},[53,112589,133],{"class":66},[20,112591,29901],{},[44,112593,112595],{"className":46,"code":112594,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,112596,112597],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,112598,112599,112601,112603,112605,112607,112609,112611,112613,112615,112617,112619,112621,112623,112625,112627,112629,112631],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,112600,9166],{"class":66},[53,112602,314],{"class":228},[53,112604,758],{"class":232},[53,112606,314],{"class":228},[53,112608,74],{"class":66},[53,112610,323],{"class":228},[53,112612,1376],{"class":232},[53,112614,314],{"class":228},[53,112616,74],{"class":66},[53,112618,323],{"class":228},[53,112620,9628],{"class":232},[53,112622,314],{"class":228},[53,112624,74],{"class":66},[53,112626,323],{"class":228},[53,112628,18635],{"class":232},[53,112630,314],{"class":228},[53,112632,9197],{"class":66},[1327,112634,112636],{"id":112635},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,112638,112639],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[44,112641,112643],{"className":46,"code":112642,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112644,112645,112670,112693,112697],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,112646,112647,112650,112652,112654,112656,112658,112660,112662,112664,112666,112668],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,112648,112649],{"class":59},"chars ",[53,112651,31],{"class":63},[53,112653,10379],{"class":66},[53,112655,229],{"class":228},[53,112657,758],{"class":232},[53,112659,229],{"class":228},[53,112661,74],{"class":66},[53,112663,240],{"class":228},[53,112665,1376],{"class":232},[53,112667,229],{"class":228},[53,112669,9197],{"class":66},[53,112671,112672,112674,112676,112679,112681,112683,112685,112687,112689,112691],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,112673,2117],{"class":59},[53,112675,31],{"class":63},[53,112677,112678],{"class":59}," chars",[53,112680,99],{"class":66},[53,112682,110987],{"class":102},[53,112684,127],{"class":66},[53,112686,229],{"class":228},[53,112688,36921],{"class":232},[53,112690,229],{"class":228},[53,112692,133],{"class":66},[53,112694,112695],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,112696,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,112698,112699,112701,112703,112705],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,112700,145],{"class":144},[53,112702,127],{"class":66},[53,112704,2152],{"class":102},[53,112706,133],{"class":66},[20,112708,29901],{},[44,112710,112712],{"className":46,"code":112711,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,112713,112714],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,112715,112716,112718,112720,112722,112724,112726,112728,112730,112732,112734,112736,112738,112740,112742,112744,112746,112748],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,112717,9166],{"class":66},[53,112719,314],{"class":228},[53,112721,758],{"class":232},[53,112723,314],{"class":228},[53,112725,74],{"class":66},[53,112727,323],{"class":228},[53,112729,1376],{"class":232},[53,112731,314],{"class":228},[53,112733,74],{"class":66},[53,112735,323],{"class":228},[53,112737,9628],{"class":232},[53,112739,314],{"class":228},[53,112741,74],{"class":66},[53,112743,323],{"class":228},[53,112745,63001],{"class":232},[53,112747,314],{"class":228},[53,112749,9197],{"class":66},[20,112751,22058,112752,112755],{},[15,112753,112754],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[194,112757,112758,112762,112766],{},[197,112759,112760],{},[15,112761,66196],{},[197,112763,112764],{},[15,112765,17963],{},[197,112767,112768],{},[15,112769,112770],{},"\"t\"",[39,112772,112774,10474,112776],{"id":112773},"union-vs-update",[15,112775,102517],{},[15,112777,14825],{},[20,112779,112780,960,112782,112784],{},[15,112781,102517],{},[15,112783,14825],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[1327,112786,112787],{"id":110987},[15,112788,102517],{},[194,112790,112791,112793],{},[197,112792,110349],{},[197,112794,110358],{},[44,112796,112797],{"className":46,"code":111882,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,112798,112799,112815,112831,112835,112853,112857,112869],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,112800,112801,112803,112805,112807,112809,112811,112813],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,112802,1345],{"class":59},[53,112804,31],{"class":63},[53,112806,10379],{"class":66},[53,112808,71],{"class":70},[53,112810,74],{"class":66},[53,112812,77],{"class":70},[53,112814,9197],{"class":66},[53,112816,112817,112819,112821,112823,112825,112827,112829],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,112818,1366],{"class":59},[53,112820,31],{"class":63},[53,112822,10379],{"class":66},[53,112824,1589],{"class":70},[53,112826,74],{"class":66},[53,112828,82],{"class":70},[53,112830,9197],{"class":66},[53,112832,112833],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,112834,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,112836,112837,112839,112841,112843,112845,112847,112849,112851],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,112838,2117],{"class":59},[53,112840,31],{"class":63},[53,112842,1442],{"class":59},[53,112844,99],{"class":66},[53,112846,110987],{"class":102},[53,112848,127],{"class":66},[53,112850,1376],{"class":102},[53,112852,133],{"class":66},[53,112854,112855],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,112856,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,112858,112859,112861,112863,112865,112867],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,112860,145],{"class":144},[53,112862,127],{"class":66},[53,112864,2152],{"class":102},[53,112866,153],{"class":66},[53,112868,111955],{"class":156},[53,112870,112871,112873,112875,112877,112879],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,112872,145],{"class":144},[53,112874,127],{"class":66},[53,112876,758],{"class":102},[53,112878,153],{"class":66},[53,112880,111968],{"class":156},[1327,112882,112883],{"id":30336},[15,112884,14825],{},[194,112886,112887,112890],{},[197,112888,112889],{},"changes the existing set in place",[197,112891,112892],{},"does not create a separate result set",[44,112894,112896],{"className":46,"code":112895,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,112897,112898,112914,112930,112934,112948,112952],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,112899,112900,112902,112904,112906,112908,112910,112912],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,112901,1345],{"class":59},[53,112903,31],{"class":63},[53,112905,10379],{"class":66},[53,112907,71],{"class":70},[53,112909,74],{"class":66},[53,112911,77],{"class":70},[53,112913,9197],{"class":66},[53,112915,112916,112918,112920,112922,112924,112926,112928],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,112917,1366],{"class":59},[53,112919,31],{"class":63},[53,112921,10379],{"class":66},[53,112923,1589],{"class":70},[53,112925,74],{"class":66},[53,112927,82],{"class":70},[53,112929,9197],{"class":66},[53,112931,112932],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,112933,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,112935,112936,112938,112940,112942,112944,112946],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,112937,758],{"class":59},[53,112939,99],{"class":66},[53,112941,30336],{"class":102},[53,112943,127],{"class":66},[53,112945,1376],{"class":102},[53,112947,133],{"class":66},[53,112949,112950],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,112951,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,112953,112954,112956,112958,112960,112962],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,112955,145],{"class":144},[53,112957,127],{"class":66},[53,112959,758],{"class":102},[53,112961,153],{"class":66},[53,112963,111955],{"class":156},[20,112965,174,112966,112968],{},[15,112967,102517],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,112970,112971,112972,99],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[758,112973,3463,112974,1316],{"href":98237},[15,112975,97032],{},[39,112977,1320],{"id":1319},[1327,112979,8339,112981,112983],{"id":112980},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,112982,102517],{}," to change the original set",[20,112985,81542],{},[44,112987,112989],{"className":46,"code":112988,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,112990,112991,113007,113023,113027,113041],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,112992,112993,112995,112997,112999,113001,113003,113005],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,112994,1345],{"class":59},[53,112996,31],{"class":63},[53,112998,10379],{"class":66},[53,113000,71],{"class":70},[53,113002,74],{"class":66},[53,113004,77],{"class":70},[53,113006,9197],{"class":66},[53,113008,113009,113011,113013,113015,113017,113019,113021],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,113010,1366],{"class":59},[53,113012,31],{"class":63},[53,113014,10379],{"class":66},[53,113016,1589],{"class":70},[53,113018,74],{"class":66},[53,113020,82],{"class":70},[53,113022,9197],{"class":66},[53,113024,113025],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,113026,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,113028,113029,113031,113033,113035,113037,113039],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,113030,758],{"class":59},[53,113032,99],{"class":66},[53,113034,110987],{"class":102},[53,113036,127],{"class":66},[53,113038,1376],{"class":102},[53,113040,133],{"class":66},[53,113042,113043,113045,113047,113049],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,113044,145],{"class":144},[53,113046,127],{"class":66},[53,113048,758],{"class":102},[53,113050,133],{"class":66},[20,113052,301],{},[44,113054,113055],{"className":46,"code":100225,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,113056,113057],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,113058,113059,113061,113063,113065,113067],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,113060,9166],{"class":66},[53,113062,71],{"class":70},[53,113064,74],{"class":66},[53,113066,77],{"class":70},[53,113068,9197],{"class":66},[20,113070,8382,113071,113073],{},[15,113072,102517],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,113075,113076],{},"Fix it like this:",[44,113078,113080],{"className":46,"code":113079,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113081,113082,113098,113114,113118,113136],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,113083,113084,113086,113088,113090,113092,113094,113096],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,113085,1345],{"class":59},[53,113087,31],{"class":63},[53,113089,10379],{"class":66},[53,113091,71],{"class":70},[53,113093,74],{"class":66},[53,113095,77],{"class":70},[53,113097,9197],{"class":66},[53,113099,113100,113102,113104,113106,113108,113110,113112],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,113101,1366],{"class":59},[53,113103,31],{"class":63},[53,113105,10379],{"class":66},[53,113107,1589],{"class":70},[53,113109,74],{"class":66},[53,113111,82],{"class":70},[53,113113,9197],{"class":66},[53,113115,113116],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,113117,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,113119,113120,113122,113124,113126,113128,113130,113132,113134],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,113121,1345],{"class":59},[53,113123,31],{"class":63},[53,113125,1442],{"class":59},[53,113127,99],{"class":66},[53,113129,110987],{"class":102},[53,113131,127],{"class":66},[53,113133,1376],{"class":102},[53,113135,133],{"class":66},[53,113137,113138,113140,113142,113144],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,113139,145],{"class":144},[53,113141,127],{"class":66},[53,113143,758],{"class":102},[53,113145,133],{"class":66},[1327,113147,113149],{"id":113148},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,113151,113152],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[44,113154,113156],{"className":46,"code":113155,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,113157,113158,113174,113190,113194],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,113159,113160,113162,113164,113166,113168,113170,113172],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,113161,1345],{"class":59},[53,113163,31],{"class":63},[53,113165,10379],{"class":66},[53,113167,815],{"class":70},[53,113169,74],{"class":66},[53,113171,5382],{"class":70},[53,113173,9197],{"class":66},[53,113175,113176,113178,113180,113182,113184,113186,113188],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,113177,1366],{"class":59},[53,113179,31],{"class":63},[53,113181,10379],{"class":66},[53,113183,1589],{"class":70},[53,113185,74],{"class":66},[53,113187,597],{"class":70},[53,113189,9197],{"class":66},[53,113191,113192],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,113193,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,113195,113196,113198,113200,113202,113204,113206,113208,113210],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,113197,145],{"class":144},[53,113199,127],{"class":66},[53,113201,758],{"class":102},[53,113203,99],{"class":66},[53,113205,110987],{"class":102},[53,113207,127],{"class":66},[53,113209,1376],{"class":102},[53,113211,1713],{"class":66},[20,113213,113214],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[1327,113216,113218],{"id":113217},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[44,113220,113222],{"className":46,"code":113221,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,113223,113224,113240,113262],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,113225,113226,113228,113230,113232,113234,113236,113238],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,113227,3959],{"class":59},[53,113229,31],{"class":63},[53,113231,10379],{"class":66},[53,113233,229],{"class":228},[53,113235,57840],{"class":232},[53,113237,229],{"class":228},[53,113239,9197],{"class":66},[53,113241,113242,113244,113246,113248,113250,113252,113254,113256,113258,113260],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,113243,2117],{"class":59},[53,113245,31],{"class":63},[53,113247,6054],{"class":59},[53,113249,99],{"class":66},[53,113251,110987],{"class":102},[53,113253,127],{"class":66},[53,113255,229],{"class":228},[53,113257,36921],{"class":232},[53,113259,229],{"class":228},[53,113261,133],{"class":66},[53,113263,113264,113266,113268,113270],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,113265,145],{"class":144},[53,113267,127],{"class":66},[53,113269,2152],{"class":102},[53,113271,133],{"class":66},[20,113273,113274,113275,2076,113277,16942,113279,113281,113282,113284],{},"This adds ",[15,113276,66196],{},[15,113278,17963],{},[15,113280,112770],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,113283,112754],{}," as one item.",[20,113286,113287],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[44,113289,113291],{"className":46,"code":113290,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113292,113293,113309,113331],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,113294,113295,113297,113299,113301,113303,113305,113307],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,113296,3959],{"class":59},[53,113298,31],{"class":63},[53,113300,10379],{"class":66},[53,113302,229],{"class":228},[53,113304,57840],{"class":232},[53,113306,229],{"class":228},[53,113308,9197],{"class":66},[53,113310,113311,113313,113315,113317,113319,113321,113323,113325,113327,113329],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,113312,2117],{"class":59},[53,113314,31],{"class":63},[53,113316,6054],{"class":59},[53,113318,99],{"class":66},[53,113320,110987],{"class":102},[53,113322,2873],{"class":66},[53,113324,229],{"class":228},[53,113326,36921],{"class":232},[53,113328,229],{"class":228},[53,113330,3777],{"class":66},[53,113332,113333,113335,113337,113339],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,113334,145],{"class":144},[53,113336,127],{"class":66},[53,113338,2152],{"class":102},[53,113340,133],{"class":66},[1327,113342,113344],{"id":113343},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,113346,2723],{},[44,113348,113350],{"className":46,"code":113349,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,113351,113352],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,113353,113354,113356,113358,113360,113362,113364,113366,113368,113370,113372,113374,113376],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,113355,15499],{"class":59},[53,113357,31],{"class":63},[53,113359,10379],{"class":66},[53,113361,71],{"class":70},[53,113363,74],{"class":66},[53,113365,77],{"class":70},[53,113367,74],{"class":66},[53,113369,67],{"class":66},[53,113371,815],{"class":70},[53,113373,74],{"class":66},[53,113375,597],{"class":70},[53,113377,13583],{"class":66},[20,113379,113380],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,113382,113383,113384,192],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,113385,102517],{},[44,113387,113389],{"className":46,"code":113388,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113390,113391,113407,113429],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,113392,113393,113395,113397,113399,113401,113403,113405],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,113394,15499],{"class":59},[53,113396,31],{"class":63},[53,113398,10379],{"class":66},[53,113400,71],{"class":70},[53,113402,74],{"class":66},[53,113404,77],{"class":70},[53,113406,9197],{"class":66},[53,113408,113409,113411,113413,113415,113417,113419,113421,113423,113425,113427],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,113410,2117],{"class":59},[53,113412,31],{"class":63},[53,113414,96642],{"class":59},[53,113416,99],{"class":66},[53,113418,110987],{"class":102},[53,113420,2873],{"class":66},[53,113422,815],{"class":70},[53,113424,74],{"class":66},[53,113426,597],{"class":70},[53,113428,3777],{"class":66},[53,113430,113431,113433,113435,113437],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,113432,145],{"class":144},[53,113434,127],{"class":66},[53,113436,2152],{"class":102},[53,113438,133],{"class":66},[39,113440,113442],{"id":113441},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,113444,113445],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[194,113447,113448,113454,113461,113464],{},[197,113449,113450,113451,113453],{},"call ",[15,113452,102517],{}," without saving the returned set",[197,113455,113456,113457,8591,113459],{},"confuse ",[15,113458,102517],{},[15,113460,14825],{},[197,113462,113463],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[197,113465,113466],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,113468,113469,113470,960,113474,99],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[758,113471,3463,113472,1316],{"href":102506},[15,113473,106291],{},[758,113475,3463,113477,1316],{"href":113476},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,113478,100137],{},[20,113480,62009],{},[44,113482,113484],{"className":46,"code":113483,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,113485,113486,113496,113510,113520],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,113487,113488,113490,113492,113494],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,113489,145],{"class":144},[53,113491,127],{"class":66},[53,113493,15537],{"class":102},[53,113495,133],{"class":66},[53,113497,113498,113500,113502,113504,113506,113508],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,113499,145],{"class":144},[53,113501,127],{"class":66},[53,113503,1705],{"class":1704},[53,113505,127],{"class":66},[53,113507,15537],{"class":102},[53,113509,1713],{"class":66},[53,113511,113512,113514,113516,113518],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,113513,145],{"class":144},[53,113515,127],{"class":66},[53,113517,2152],{"class":102},[53,113519,133],{"class":66},[53,113521,113522,113524,113526,113528,113530,113532],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,113523,32025],{"class":144},[53,113525,127],{"class":66},[53,113527,6173],{"class":1704},[53,113529,99],{"class":66},[53,113531,110987],{"class":24620},[53,113533,133],{"class":66},[39,113535,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,113537,1729,113539,102457],{"id":113538},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,113540,107761],{},[20,113542,102460],{},[1327,113544,5053,113546,113548],{"id":113545},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,113547,102517],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,113550,113551],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[1327,113553,28199,113555,113557],{"id":113554},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,113556,102517],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,113559,1769,113560,113562],{},[15,113561,102517],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[1327,113564,113566],{"id":113565},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,113568,113569],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[1327,113571,1739,113573,960,113575,1744],{"id":113572},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,113574,102517],{},[15,113576,113577],{},"|",[20,113579,113580,113581,113583,113584,113586],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,113582,113577],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,113585,102517],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[39,113588,1788],{"id":1787},[194,113590,113591,113595,113601,113607,113613],{},[197,113592,113593],{},[758,113594,96046],{"href":97217},[197,113596,113597],{},[758,113598,3463,113599,1316],{"href":98237},[15,113600,97032],{},[197,113602,113603],{},[758,113604,3463,113605,1316],{"href":102506},[15,113606,106291],{},[197,113608,113609],{},[758,113610,3463,113611,1316],{"href":113476},[15,113612,100137],{},[197,113614,113615],{},[758,113616,100062],{"href":98795},[1817,113618,113619],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":113621},[113622,113623,113625,113626,113627,113628,113630,113636,113641,113648,113649,113660],{"id":41,"depth":88,"text":42},{"id":111717,"depth":88,"text":113624},"What set.union() does",{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372},{"id":21838,"depth":88,"text":21839},{"id":11363,"depth":88,"text":11364},{"id":112204,"depth":88,"text":113629},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112362,"depth":88,"text":113631,"children":113632},"Using union() with other iterables",[113633,113634,113635],{"id":112373,"depth":109,"text":112374},{"id":112493,"depth":109,"text":112494},{"id":112635,"depth":109,"text":112636},{"id":112773,"depth":88,"text":113637,"children":113638},"union() vs update()",[113639,113640],{"id":110987,"depth":109,"text":102517},{"id":30336,"depth":109,"text":14825},{"id":1319,"depth":88,"text":1320,"children":113642},[113643,113645,113646,113647],{"id":112980,"depth":109,"text":113644},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113148,"depth":109,"text":113149},{"id":113217,"depth":109,"text":113218},{"id":113343,"depth":109,"text":113344},{"id":113441,"depth":88,"text":113442},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":113650},[113651,113653,113655,113657,113658],{"id":113538,"depth":109,"text":113652},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113545,"depth":109,"text":113654},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113554,"depth":109,"text":113656},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113565,"depth":109,"text":113566},{"id":113572,"depth":109,"text":113659},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111597,"description":113661},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113667,"title":113668,"body":113669,"description":115558,"extension":1853,"meta":115559,"navigation":112,"path":96531,"seo":115560,"stem":115561,"__hash__":115562},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113670,"toc":115524},[113671,113676,113681,113689,113691,113749,113754,113759,113763,113775,113778,113852,113857,113859,113861,113880,113882,113899,113902,113929,113931,114001,114005,114007,114013,114015,114076,114081,114083,114140,114144,114149,114214,114216,114236,114243,114247,114252,114337,114340,114347,114450,114454,114459,114517,114520,114531,114545,114552,114610,114617,114620,114630,114634,114692,114696,114762,114765,114823,114830,114837,114840,114844,114853,114922,114926,114932,115020,115030,115034,115038,115042,115045,115106,115111,115168,115172,115174,115209,115216,115218,115272,115279,115283,115286,115351,115360,115366,115423,115425,115430,115434,115438,115441,115448,115456,115460,115465,115469,115475,115477,115512,115521],[10,113672,95918,113674,18],{"id":113673},"python-set-update-method",[15,113675,14825],{},[20,113677,113678,113680],{},[15,113679,97032],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,113682,113683,113684,113688],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[758,113685,113686],{"href":98218},[15,113687,95926],{},", which adds only one item.",[39,113690,3497],{"id":3496},[44,113692,113694],{"className":46,"code":113693,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113695,113696,113712,113734,113744],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,113697,113698,113700,113702,113704,113706,113708,113710],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,113699,60],{"class":59},[53,113701,31],{"class":63},[53,113703,10379],{"class":66},[53,113705,71],{"class":70},[53,113707,74],{"class":66},[53,113709,77],{"class":70},[53,113711,9197],{"class":66},[53,113713,113714,113716,113718,113720,113722,113724,113726,113728,113730,113732],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,113715,150],{"class":59},[53,113717,99],{"class":66},[53,113719,30336],{"class":102},[53,113721,2873],{"class":66},[53,113723,1589],{"class":70},[53,113725,74],{"class":66},[53,113727,82],{"class":70},[53,113729,74],{"class":66},[53,113731,597],{"class":70},[53,113733,3777],{"class":66},[53,113735,113736,113738,113740,113742],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,113737,145],{"class":144},[53,113739,127],{"class":66},[53,113741,150],{"class":102},[53,113743,133],{"class":66},[53,113745,113746],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,113747,113748],{"class":156},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,113750,174,113751,113753],{},[15,113752,14825],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[39,113755,184,113757,187],{"id":113756},"what-setupdate-does",[15,113758,97032],{},[20,113760,113761,192],{},[15,113762,97032],{},[194,113764,113765,113768,113770,113773],{},[197,113766,113767],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[197,113769,96033],{},[197,113771,113772],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[197,113774,96036],{},[20,113776,113777],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[44,113779,113781],{"className":46,"code":113780,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,113782,113783,113807,113833,113837,113847],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,113784,113785,113787,113789,113791,113793,113795,113797,113799,113801,113803,113805],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,113786,1025],{"class":59},[53,113788,31],{"class":63},[53,113790,10379],{"class":66},[53,113792,229],{"class":228},[53,113794,1034],{"class":232},[53,113796,229],{"class":228},[53,113798,74],{"class":66},[53,113800,240],{"class":228},[53,113802,1043],{"class":232},[53,113804,229],{"class":228},[53,113806,9197],{"class":66},[53,113808,113809,113811,113813,113815,113817,113819,113821,113823,113825,113827,113829,113831],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,113810,1115],{"class":59},[53,113812,99],{"class":66},[53,113814,30336],{"class":102},[53,113816,2873],{"class":66},[53,113818,229],{"class":228},[53,113820,1043],{"class":232},[53,113822,229],{"class":228},[53,113824,74],{"class":66},[53,113826,240],{"class":228},[53,113828,17324],{"class":232},[53,113830,229],{"class":228},[53,113832,3777],{"class":66},[53,113834,113835],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,113836,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,113838,113839,113841,113843,113845],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,113840,145],{"class":144},[53,113842,127],{"class":66},[53,113844,1115],{"class":102},[53,113846,133],{"class":66},[53,113848,113849],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,113850,113851],{"class":156},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,113853,20846,113854,113856],{},[15,113855,110752],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[39,113858,372],{"id":371},[20,113860,7105],{},[44,113862,113864],{"className":46,"code":113863,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,113865,113866],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,113867,113868,113870,113872,113874,113876,113878],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,113869,15537],{"class":59},[53,113871,99],{"class":66},[53,113873,30336],{"class":102},[53,113875,127],{"class":66},[53,113877,3606],{"class":102},[53,113879,133],{"class":66},[20,113881,79918],{},[194,113883,113884,113887,113890,113893,113896],{},[197,113885,113886],{},"A list",[197,113888,113889],{},"A tuple",[197,113891,113892],{},"Another set",[197,113894,113895],{},"A string",[197,113897,113898],{},"Any other iterable",[20,113900,113901],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[44,113903,113905],{"className":46,"code":113904,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,113906,113907],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,113908,113909,113911,113913,113915,113917,113919,113921,113923,113925,113927],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,113910,15537],{"class":59},[53,113912,99],{"class":66},[53,113914,30336],{"class":102},[53,113916,127],{"class":66},[53,113918,758],{"class":102},[53,113920,74],{"class":66},[53,113922,2445],{"class":102},[53,113924,74],{"class":66},[53,113926,9570],{"class":102},[53,113928,133],{"class":66},[20,113930,211],{},[44,113932,113934],{"className":46,"code":113933,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,113935,113936,113948,113982,113986,113996],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,113937,113938,113940,113942,113944,113946],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,113939,3709],{"class":59},[53,113941,31],{"class":63},[53,113943,10379],{"class":66},[53,113945,71],{"class":70},[53,113947,9197],{"class":66},[53,113949,113950,113952,113954,113956,113958,113960,113962,113964,113966,113968,113970,113972,113974,113976,113978,113980],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,113951,5242],{"class":59},[53,113953,99],{"class":66},[53,113955,30336],{"class":102},[53,113957,2873],{"class":66},[53,113959,1589],{"class":70},[53,113961,74],{"class":66},[53,113963,82],{"class":70},[53,113965,810],{"class":66},[53,113967,9124],{"class":66},[53,113969,130],{"class":70},[53,113971,74],{"class":66},[53,113973,4491],{"class":70},[53,113975,9121],{"class":66},[53,113977,10379],{"class":66},[53,113979,80309],{"class":70},[53,113981,30368],{"class":66},[53,113983,113984],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,113985,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,113987,113988,113990,113992,113994],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,113989,145],{"class":144},[53,113991,127],{"class":66},[53,113993,5242],{"class":102},[53,113995,133],{"class":66},[53,113997,113998],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,113999,114000],{"class":156},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,114002,96042,114003,99],{},[758,114004,96050],{"href":97601},[39,114006,21839],{"id":21838},[20,114008,114009,2285,114011,99],{},[15,114010,97032],{},[15,114012,3664],{},[20,114014,11604],{},[44,114016,114018],{"className":46,"code":114017,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114019,114020,114036,114058,114062,114072],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,114021,114022,114024,114026,114028,114030,114032,114034],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,114023,60],{"class":59},[53,114025,31],{"class":63},[53,114027,10379],{"class":66},[53,114029,71],{"class":70},[53,114031,74],{"class":66},[53,114033,77],{"class":70},[53,114035,9197],{"class":66},[53,114037,114038,114040,114042,114044,114046,114048,114050,114052,114054,114056],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,114039,2117],{"class":59},[53,114041,31],{"class":63},[53,114043,96],{"class":59},[53,114045,99],{"class":66},[53,114047,30336],{"class":102},[53,114049,2873],{"class":66},[53,114051,815],{"class":70},[53,114053,74],{"class":66},[53,114055,597],{"class":70},[53,114057,3777],{"class":66},[53,114059,114060],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,114061,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,114063,114064,114066,114068,114070],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,114065,145],{"class":144},[53,114067,127],{"class":66},[53,114069,2152],{"class":102},[53,114071,133],{"class":66},[53,114073,114074],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,114075,61545],{"class":156},[20,114077,114078,114079,99],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,114080,2152],{},[20,114082,18836],{},[44,114084,114086],{"className":46,"code":114085,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114087,114088,114104,114122,114126,114136],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,114089,114090,114092,114094,114096,114098,114100,114102],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,114091,60],{"class":59},[53,114093,31],{"class":63},[53,114095,10379],{"class":66},[53,114097,71],{"class":70},[53,114099,74],{"class":66},[53,114101,77],{"class":70},[53,114103,9197],{"class":66},[53,114105,114106,114108,114110,114112,114114,114116,114118,114120],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,114107,150],{"class":59},[53,114109,99],{"class":66},[53,114111,30336],{"class":102},[53,114113,2873],{"class":66},[53,114115,815],{"class":70},[53,114117,74],{"class":66},[53,114119,597],{"class":70},[53,114121,3777],{"class":66},[53,114123,114124],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,114125,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,114127,114128,114130,114132,114134],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,114129,145],{"class":144},[53,114131,127],{"class":66},[53,114133,150],{"class":102},[53,114135,133],{"class":66},[53,114137,114138],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,114139,113748],{"class":156},[39,114141,114143],{"id":114142},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,114145,114146,114147,99],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,114148,14825],{},[44,114150,114152],{"className":46,"code":114151,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114153,114154,114170,114196,114200,114210],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,114155,114156,114158,114160,114162,114164,114166,114168],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,114157,60],{"class":59},[53,114159,31],{"class":63},[53,114161,10379],{"class":66},[53,114163,71],{"class":70},[53,114165,74],{"class":66},[53,114167,77],{"class":70},[53,114169,9197],{"class":66},[53,114171,114172,114174,114176,114178,114180,114182,114184,114186,114188,114190,114192,114194],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,114173,150],{"class":59},[53,114175,99],{"class":66},[53,114177,30336],{"class":102},[53,114179,2873],{"class":66},[53,114181,1589],{"class":70},[53,114183,74],{"class":66},[53,114185,82],{"class":70},[53,114187,74],{"class":66},[53,114189,597],{"class":70},[53,114191,74],{"class":66},[53,114193,597],{"class":70},[53,114195,3777],{"class":66},[53,114197,114198],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,114199,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,114201,114202,114204,114206,114208],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,114203,145],{"class":144},[53,114205,127],{"class":66},[53,114207,150],{"class":102},[53,114209,133],{"class":66},[53,114211,114212],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,114213,113748],{"class":156},[20,114215,11573],{},[194,114217,114218,114223,114230],{},[197,114219,114220,114222],{},[15,114221,1589],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[197,114224,114225,960,114227,114229],{},[15,114226,815],{},[15,114228,130],{}," are added",[197,114231,114232,114233,114235],{},"The second ",[15,114234,130],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,114237,114238,114239,114242],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[758,114240,114241],{"href":98795},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[39,114244,114246],{"id":114245},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,114248,7650,114249,114251],{},[15,114250,14825],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[44,114253,114255],{"className":46,"code":114254,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,114256,114257,114278,114299,114303,114319,114323,114333],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,114258,114259,114262,114264,114266,114268,114270,114272,114274,114276],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,114260,114261],{"class":59},"set_a ",[53,114263,31],{"class":63},[53,114265,10379],{"class":66},[53,114267,71],{"class":70},[53,114269,74],{"class":66},[53,114271,77],{"class":70},[53,114273,74],{"class":66},[53,114275,82],{"class":70},[53,114277,9197],{"class":66},[53,114279,114280,114283,114285,114287,114289,114291,114293,114295,114297],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,114281,114282],{"class":59},"set_b ",[53,114284,31],{"class":63},[53,114286,10379],{"class":66},[53,114288,815],{"class":70},[53,114290,74],{"class":66},[53,114292,597],{"class":70},[53,114294,74],{"class":66},[53,114296,4491],{"class":70},[53,114298,9197],{"class":66},[53,114300,114301],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,114302,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,114304,114305,114308,114310,114312,114314,114317],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,114306,114307],{"class":59},"set_a",[53,114309,99],{"class":66},[53,114311,30336],{"class":102},[53,114313,127],{"class":66},[53,114315,114316],{"class":102},"set_b",[53,114318,133],{"class":66},[53,114320,114321],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,114322,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,114324,114325,114327,114329,114331],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,114326,145],{"class":144},[53,114328,127],{"class":66},[53,114330,114307],{"class":102},[53,114332,133],{"class":66},[53,114334,114335],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,114336,111709],{"class":156},[20,114338,114339],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,114341,114342,114343,99],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[758,114344,114345],{"href":102514},[15,114346,107761],{},[44,114348,114350],{"className":46,"code":114349,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114351,114352,114372,114392,114396,114416,114420,114431,114435,114445],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,114353,114354,114356,114358,114360,114362,114364,114366,114368,114370],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,114355,114261],{"class":59},[53,114357,31],{"class":63},[53,114359,10379],{"class":66},[53,114361,71],{"class":70},[53,114363,74],{"class":66},[53,114365,77],{"class":70},[53,114367,74],{"class":66},[53,114369,82],{"class":70},[53,114371,9197],{"class":66},[53,114373,114374,114376,114378,114380,114382,114384,114386,114388,114390],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,114375,114282],{"class":59},[53,114377,31],{"class":63},[53,114379,10379],{"class":66},[53,114381,815],{"class":70},[53,114383,74],{"class":66},[53,114385,597],{"class":70},[53,114387,74],{"class":66},[53,114389,4491],{"class":70},[53,114391,9197],{"class":66},[53,114393,114394],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,114395,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,114397,114398,114401,114403,114406,114408,114410,114412,114414],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,114399,114400],{"class":59},"combined ",[53,114402,31],{"class":63},[53,114404,114405],{"class":59}," set_a",[53,114407,99],{"class":66},[53,114409,110987],{"class":102},[53,114411,127],{"class":66},[53,114413,114316],{"class":102},[53,114415,133],{"class":66},[53,114417,114418],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,114419,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,114421,114422,114424,114426,114429],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,114423,145],{"class":144},[53,114425,127],{"class":66},[53,114427,114428],{"class":102},"combined",[53,114430,133],{"class":66},[53,114432,114433],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,114434,111709],{"class":156},[53,114436,114437,114439,114441,114443],{"class":55,"line":6312},[53,114438,145],{"class":144},[53,114440,127],{"class":66},[53,114442,114307],{"class":102},[53,114444,133],{"class":66},[53,114446,114447],{"class":55,"line":6318},[53,114448,114449],{"class":156},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[39,114451,114453],{"id":114452},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,114455,64454,114456,114458],{},[15,114457,14825],{}," adds each character separately.",[44,114460,114462],{"className":46,"code":114461,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,114463,114464,114480,114498,114502,114512],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,114465,114466,114468,114470,114472,114474,114476,114478],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,114467,35966],{"class":59},[53,114469,31],{"class":63},[53,114471,10379],{"class":66},[53,114473,229],{"class":228},[53,114475,2060],{"class":232},[53,114477,229],{"class":228},[53,114479,9197],{"class":66},[53,114481,114482,114484,114486,114488,114490,114492,114494,114496],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,114483,36019],{"class":59},[53,114485,99],{"class":66},[53,114487,30336],{"class":102},[53,114489,127],{"class":66},[53,114491,229],{"class":228},[53,114493,36921],{"class":232},[53,114495,229],{"class":228},[53,114497,133],{"class":66},[53,114499,114500],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,114501,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,114503,114504,114506,114508,114510],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,114505,145],{"class":144},[53,114507,127],{"class":66},[53,114509,36019],{"class":102},[53,114511,133],{"class":66},[53,114513,114514],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,114515,114516],{"class":156},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,114518,114519],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,114521,114522,32,114525,114527,114528,114530],{},[15,114523,114524],{},"update(\"cat\")",[34,114526,36],{}," add ",[15,114529,112754],{}," as one item. It adds:",[194,114532,114533,114537,114541],{},[197,114534,114535],{},[15,114536,66196],{},[197,114538,114539],{},[15,114540,17963],{},[197,114542,114543],{},[15,114544,112770],{},[20,114546,114547,114548,192],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[758,114549,114550],{"href":98218},[15,114551,95926],{},[44,114553,114555],{"className":46,"code":114554,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114556,114557,114573,114591,114595,114605],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,114558,114559,114561,114563,114565,114567,114569,114571],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,114560,3959],{"class":59},[53,114562,31],{"class":63},[53,114564,10379],{"class":66},[53,114566,229],{"class":228},[53,114568,57840],{"class":232},[53,114570,229],{"class":228},[53,114572,9197],{"class":66},[53,114574,114575,114577,114579,114581,114583,114585,114587,114589],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,114576,4001],{"class":59},[53,114578,99],{"class":66},[53,114580,81821],{"class":102},[53,114582,127],{"class":66},[53,114584,229],{"class":228},[53,114586,36921],{"class":232},[53,114588,229],{"class":228},[53,114590,133],{"class":66},[53,114592,114593],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,114594,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,114596,114597,114599,114601,114603],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,114598,145],{"class":144},[53,114600,127],{"class":66},[53,114602,4001],{"class":102},[53,114604,133],{"class":66},[53,114606,114607],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,114608,114609],{"class":156},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[39,114611,114613,10474,114615],{"id":114612},"update-vs-add",[15,114614,14825],{},[15,114616,95921],{},[20,114618,114619],{},"The difference is simple:",[194,114621,114622,114626],{},[197,114623,114624,96520],{},[15,114625,95921],{},[197,114627,114628,96525],{},[15,114629,14825],{},[20,114631,45912,114632,192],{},[15,114633,95921],{},[44,114635,114637],{"className":46,"code":114636,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,114638,114639,114655,114673,114677,114687],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,114640,114641,114643,114645,114647,114649,114651,114653],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,114642,221],{"class":59},[53,114644,31],{"class":63},[53,114646,10379],{"class":66},[53,114648,229],{"class":228},[53,114650,233],{"class":232},[53,114652,229],{"class":228},[53,114654,9197],{"class":66},[53,114656,114657,114659,114661,114663,114665,114667,114669,114671],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,114658,285],{"class":59},[53,114660,99],{"class":66},[53,114662,81821],{"class":102},[53,114664,127],{"class":66},[53,114666,229],{"class":228},[53,114668,243],{"class":232},[53,114670,229],{"class":228},[53,114672,133],{"class":66},[53,114674,114675],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,114676,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,114678,114679,114681,114683,114685],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,114680,145],{"class":144},[53,114682,127],{"class":66},[53,114684,285],{"class":102},[53,114686,133],{"class":66},[53,114688,114689],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,114690,114691],{"class":156},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,114693,45912,114694,192],{},[15,114695,14825],{},[44,114697,114699],{"className":46,"code":114698,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,114700,114701,114717,114743,114747,114757],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,114702,114703,114705,114707,114709,114711,114713,114715],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,114704,221],{"class":59},[53,114706,31],{"class":63},[53,114708,10379],{"class":66},[53,114710,229],{"class":228},[53,114712,233],{"class":232},[53,114714,229],{"class":228},[53,114716,9197],{"class":66},[53,114718,114719,114721,114723,114725,114727,114729,114731,114733,114735,114737,114739,114741],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,114720,285],{"class":59},[53,114722,99],{"class":66},[53,114724,30336],{"class":102},[53,114726,2873],{"class":66},[53,114728,229],{"class":228},[53,114730,243],{"class":232},[53,114732,229],{"class":228},[53,114734,74],{"class":66},[53,114736,240],{"class":228},[53,114738,252],{"class":232},[53,114740,229],{"class":228},[53,114742,3777],{"class":66},[53,114744,114745],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,114746,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,114748,114749,114751,114753,114755],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,114750,145],{"class":144},[53,114752,127],{"class":66},[53,114754,285],{"class":102},[53,114756,133],{"class":66},[53,114758,114759],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,114760,114761],{"class":156},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,114763,114764],{},"Important warning with strings:",[44,114766,114768],{"className":46,"code":114767,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,114769,114770,114786,114804,114808,114818],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,114771,114772,114774,114776,114778,114780,114782,114784],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,114773,221],{"class":59},[53,114775,31],{"class":63},[53,114777,10379],{"class":66},[53,114779,229],{"class":228},[53,114781,233],{"class":232},[53,114783,229],{"class":228},[53,114785,9197],{"class":66},[53,114787,114788,114790,114792,114794,114796,114798,114800,114802],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,114789,285],{"class":59},[53,114791,99],{"class":66},[53,114793,30336],{"class":102},[53,114795,127],{"class":66},[53,114797,229],{"class":228},[53,114799,38215],{"class":232},[53,114801,229],{"class":228},[53,114803,133],{"class":66},[53,114805,114806],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,114807,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,114809,114810,114812,114814,114816],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,114811,145],{"class":144},[53,114813,127],{"class":66},[53,114815,285],{"class":102},[53,114817,133],{"class":66},[53,114819,114820],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,114821,114822],{"class":156},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,114824,61820,114825,61893,114828,1408],{},[15,114826,114827],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,114829,95921],{},[39,114831,114833,10474,114835],{"id":114832},"update-vs-union",[15,114834,14825],{},[15,114836,102517],{},[20,114838,114839],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[1327,114841,114842],{"id":30336},[15,114843,14825],{},[194,114845,114846,114849],{},[197,114847,114848],{},"Changes the existing set",[197,114850,11312,114851],{},[15,114852,3664],{},[44,114854,114856],{"className":46,"code":114855,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114857,114858,114874,114890,114894,114908,114918],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,114859,114860,114862,114864,114866,114868,114870,114872],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,114861,1345],{"class":59},[53,114863,31],{"class":63},[53,114865,10379],{"class":66},[53,114867,71],{"class":70},[53,114869,74],{"class":66},[53,114871,77],{"class":70},[53,114873,9197],{"class":66},[53,114875,114876,114878,114880,114882,114884,114886,114888],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,114877,1366],{"class":59},[53,114879,31],{"class":63},[53,114881,10379],{"class":66},[53,114883,1589],{"class":70},[53,114885,74],{"class":66},[53,114887,82],{"class":70},[53,114889,9197],{"class":66},[53,114891,114892],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,114893,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,114895,114896,114898,114900,114902,114904,114906],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,114897,758],{"class":59},[53,114899,99],{"class":66},[53,114901,30336],{"class":102},[53,114903,127],{"class":66},[53,114905,1376],{"class":102},[53,114907,133],{"class":66},[53,114909,114910,114912,114914,114916],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,114911,145],{"class":144},[53,114913,127],{"class":66},[53,114915,758],{"class":102},[53,114917,133],{"class":66},[53,114919,114920],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,114921,114449],{"class":156},[1327,114923,114924],{"id":110987},[15,114925,102517],{},[194,114927,114928,114930],{},[197,114929,101055],{},[197,114931,101058],{},[44,114933,114935],{"className":46,"code":114934,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,114936,114937,114953,114969,114973,114991,115001,115005,115015],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,114938,114939,114941,114943,114945,114947,114949,114951],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,114940,1345],{"class":59},[53,114942,31],{"class":63},[53,114944,10379],{"class":66},[53,114946,71],{"class":70},[53,114948,74],{"class":66},[53,114950,77],{"class":70},[53,114952,9197],{"class":66},[53,114954,114955,114957,114959,114961,114963,114965,114967],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,114956,1366],{"class":59},[53,114958,31],{"class":63},[53,114960,10379],{"class":66},[53,114962,1589],{"class":70},[53,114964,74],{"class":66},[53,114966,82],{"class":70},[53,114968,9197],{"class":66},[53,114970,114971],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,114972,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,114974,114975,114977,114979,114981,114983,114985,114987,114989],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,114976,82901],{"class":59},[53,114978,31],{"class":63},[53,114980,1442],{"class":59},[53,114982,99],{"class":66},[53,114984,110987],{"class":102},[53,114986,127],{"class":66},[53,114988,1376],{"class":102},[53,114990,133],{"class":66},[53,114992,114993,114995,114997,114999],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,114994,145],{"class":144},[53,114996,127],{"class":66},[53,114998,9628],{"class":102},[53,115000,133],{"class":66},[53,115002,115003],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,115004,114449],{"class":156},[53,115006,115007,115009,115011,115013],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,115008,145],{"class":144},[53,115010,127],{"class":66},[53,115012,758],{"class":102},[53,115014,133],{"class":66},[53,115016,115017],{"class":55,"line":6312},[53,115018,115019],{"class":156},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,115021,107403,115022,115024,115025,115029],{},[15,115023,14825],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[758,115026,115027],{"href":102514},[15,115028,102517],{}," when you want a new set.",[39,115031,115033],{"id":115032},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,115035,10635,115036,99],{},[15,115037,97032],{},[1327,115039,115041],{"id":115040},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,115043,115044],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[44,115046,115048],{"className":46,"code":115047,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,115049,115050,115066,115088,115092,115102],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,115051,115052,115054,115056,115058,115060,115062,115064],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,115053,15499],{"class":59},[53,115055,31],{"class":63},[53,115057,10379],{"class":66},[53,115059,71],{"class":70},[53,115061,74],{"class":66},[53,115063,77],{"class":70},[53,115065,9197],{"class":66},[53,115067,115068,115070,115072,115074,115076,115078,115080,115082,115084,115086],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,115069,2117],{"class":59},[53,115071,31],{"class":63},[53,115073,96642],{"class":59},[53,115075,99],{"class":66},[53,115077,30336],{"class":102},[53,115079,2873],{"class":66},[53,115081,815],{"class":70},[53,115083,74],{"class":66},[53,115085,597],{"class":70},[53,115087,3777],{"class":66},[53,115089,115090],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,115091,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,115093,115094,115096,115098,115100],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,115095,145],{"class":144},[53,115097,127],{"class":66},[53,115099,2152],{"class":102},[53,115101,133],{"class":66},[53,115103,115104],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,115105,61545],{"class":156},[20,115107,115108,115109,192],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,115110,14825],{},[44,115112,115114],{"className":46,"code":115113,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,115115,115116,115132,115150,115154,115164],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,115117,115118,115120,115122,115124,115126,115128,115130],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,115119,15499],{"class":59},[53,115121,31],{"class":63},[53,115123,10379],{"class":66},[53,115125,71],{"class":70},[53,115127,74],{"class":66},[53,115129,77],{"class":70},[53,115131,9197],{"class":66},[53,115133,115134,115136,115138,115140,115142,115144,115146,115148],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,115135,15537],{"class":59},[53,115137,99],{"class":66},[53,115139,30336],{"class":102},[53,115141,2873],{"class":66},[53,115143,815],{"class":70},[53,115145,74],{"class":66},[53,115147,597],{"class":70},[53,115149,3777],{"class":66},[53,115151,115152],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,115153,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,115155,115156,115158,115160,115162],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,115157,145],{"class":144},[53,115159,127],{"class":66},[53,115161,15537],{"class":102},[53,115163,133],{"class":66},[53,115165,115166],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,115167,113748],{"class":156},[1327,115169,115171],{"id":115170},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,115173,2723],{},[44,115175,115177],{"className":46,"code":115176,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,115178,115179,115195],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,115180,115181,115183,115185,115187,115189,115191,115193],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,115182,15499],{"class":59},[53,115184,31],{"class":63},[53,115186,10379],{"class":66},[53,115188,71],{"class":70},[53,115190,74],{"class":66},[53,115192,77],{"class":70},[53,115194,9197],{"class":66},[53,115196,115197,115199,115201,115203,115205,115207],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,115198,15537],{"class":59},[53,115200,99],{"class":66},[53,115202,30336],{"class":102},[53,115204,127],{"class":66},[53,115206,2024],{"class":70},[53,115208,133],{"class":66},[20,115210,61999,115211,8488,115213,115215],{},[15,115212,2892],{},[15,115214,2024],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,115217,6441],{},[44,115219,115221],{"className":46,"code":115220,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,115222,115223,115239,115253,115257,115267],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,115224,115225,115227,115229,115231,115233,115235,115237],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,115226,15499],{"class":59},[53,115228,31],{"class":63},[53,115230,10379],{"class":66},[53,115232,71],{"class":70},[53,115234,74],{"class":66},[53,115236,77],{"class":70},[53,115238,9197],{"class":66},[53,115240,115241,115243,115245,115247,115249,115251],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,115242,15537],{"class":59},[53,115244,99],{"class":66},[53,115246,30336],{"class":102},[53,115248,2873],{"class":66},[53,115250,2024],{"class":70},[53,115252,3777],{"class":66},[53,115254,115255],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,115256,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,115258,115259,115261,115263,115265],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,115260,145],{"class":144},[53,115262,127],{"class":66},[53,115264,15537],{"class":102},[53,115266,133],{"class":66},[53,115268,115269],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,115270,115271],{"class":156},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,115273,45785,115274,99],{},[758,115275,25549,115276],{"href":52472},[15,115277,115278],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[1327,115280,115282],{"id":115281},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,115284,115285],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[44,115287,115289],{"className":46,"code":115288,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115290,115291,115307,115333,115337,115347],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,115292,115293,115295,115297,115299,115301,115303,115305],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,115294,15499],{"class":59},[53,115296,31],{"class":63},[53,115298,10379],{"class":66},[53,115300,71],{"class":70},[53,115302,74],{"class":66},[53,115304,77],{"class":70},[53,115306,9197],{"class":66},[53,115308,115309,115311,115313,115315,115317,115319,115321,115323,115325,115327,115329,115331],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,115310,15537],{"class":59},[53,115312,99],{"class":66},[53,115314,30336],{"class":102},[53,115316,2873],{"class":66},[53,115318,1589],{"class":70},[53,115320,74],{"class":66},[53,115322,77],{"class":70},[53,115324,74],{"class":66},[53,115326,77],{"class":70},[53,115328,74],{"class":66},[53,115330,82],{"class":70},[53,115332,3777],{"class":66},[53,115334,115335],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,115336,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,115338,115339,115341,115343,115345],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,115340,145],{"class":144},[53,115342,127],{"class":66},[53,115344,15537],{"class":102},[53,115346,133],{"class":66},[53,115348,115349],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,115350,114449],{"class":156},[1327,115352,115354,115355,44501,115357,115359],{"id":115353},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,115356,14825],{},[15,115358,95921],{}," is better",[20,115361,115362,115363,115365],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,115364,95921],{}," is usually the better choice.",[44,115367,115369],{"className":46,"code":115368,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115370,115371,115387,115405,115409,115419],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,115372,115373,115375,115377,115379,115381,115383,115385],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,115374,15499],{"class":59},[53,115376,31],{"class":63},[53,115378,10379],{"class":66},[53,115380,229],{"class":228},[53,115382,57840],{"class":232},[53,115384,229],{"class":228},[53,115386,9197],{"class":66},[53,115388,115389,115391,115393,115395,115397,115399,115401,115403],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,115390,15537],{"class":59},[53,115392,99],{"class":66},[53,115394,81821],{"class":102},[53,115396,127],{"class":66},[53,115398,229],{"class":228},[53,115400,36921],{"class":232},[53,115402,229],{"class":228},[53,115404,133],{"class":66},[53,115406,115407],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,115408,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,115410,115411,115413,115415,115417],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,115412,145],{"class":144},[53,115414,127],{"class":66},[53,115416,15537],{"class":102},[53,115418,133],{"class":66},[53,115420,115421],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,115422,114609],{"class":156},[39,115424,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,115426,1729,115428,97011],{"id":115427},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,115429,97032],{},[20,115431,97014,115432,99],{},[15,115433,3664],{},[1327,115435,28199,115436,32099],{"id":32096},[15,115437,14825],{},[20,115439,115440],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[1327,115442,1739,115444,960,115446,1744],{"id":115443},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,115445,95921],{},[15,115447,14825],{},[20,115449,115450,115452,115453,115455],{},[15,115451,95921],{}," adds one item. ",[15,115454,14825],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[1327,115457,115459],{"id":115458},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,115461,115462,115463,114458],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,115464,14825],{},[1327,115466,115468],{"id":115467},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,115470,174,115471,10980,115473,99],{},[15,115472,102517],{},[15,115474,14825],{},[39,115476,1788],{"id":1787},[194,115478,115479,115486,115493,115499,115505],{},[197,115480,115481],{},[758,115482,115483],{"href":98218},[15,115484,115485],{},"Python set add() method",[197,115487,115488],{},[758,115489,115490],{"href":102514},[15,115491,115492],{},"Python set union() method",[197,115494,115495],{},[758,115496,115497],{"href":97601},[15,115498,97056],{},[197,115500,115501],{},[758,115502,115503],{"href":98795},[15,115504,100062],{},[197,115506,115507],{},[758,115508,115509,115511],{"href":52472},[15,115510,115278],{}," fix",[20,115513,115514,115515,115517,115518,115520],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,115516,95926],{}," for a single value and ",[15,115519,107761],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[1817,115522,115523],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":115525},[115526,115527,115529,115530,115531,115532,115533,115534,115536,115541,115548,115557],{"id":3496,"depth":88,"text":3497},{"id":113756,"depth":88,"text":115528},"What set.update() does",{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372},{"id":21838,"depth":88,"text":21839},{"id":114142,"depth":88,"text":114143},{"id":114245,"depth":88,"text":114246},{"id":114452,"depth":88,"text":114453},{"id":114612,"depth":88,"text":115535},"update() vs add()",{"id":114832,"depth":88,"text":115537,"children":115538},"update() vs union()",[115539,115540],{"id":30336,"depth":109,"text":14825},{"id":110987,"depth":109,"text":102517},{"id":115032,"depth":88,"text":115033,"children":115542},[115543,115544,115545,115546],{"id":115040,"depth":109,"text":115041},{"id":115170,"depth":109,"text":115171},{"id":115281,"depth":109,"text":115282},{"id":115353,"depth":109,"text":115547},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":115549},[115550,115552,115553,115555,115556],{"id":115427,"depth":109,"text":115551},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32096,"depth":109,"text":32169},{"id":115443,"depth":109,"text":115554},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115458,"depth":109,"text":115459},{"id":115467,"depth":109,"text":115468},{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113668,"description":115558},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115564,"title":115565,"body":115566,"description":117332,"extension":1853,"meta":117333,"navigation":112,"path":993,"seo":117334,"stem":117335,"__hash__":117336},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115567,"toc":117307},[115568,115571,115574,115577,115588,115596,115599,115601,115750,115762,115766,115783,115787,115795,115797,115808,115810,115907,115913,115916,116012,116021,116026,116030,116035,116037,116047,116049,116158,116166,116170,116173,116176,116193,116199,116279,116282,116286,116289,116293,116296,116355,116358,116362,116365,116457,116461,116464,116571,116575,116581,116609,116611,116693,116703,116707,116710,116721,116724,116809,116812,116817,116821,116824,116835,116838,116980,116983,116987,116990,117004,117007,117068,117074,117076,117079,117101,117104,117204,117207,117239,117241,117245,117248,117250,117253,117257,117260,117264,117267,117271,117274,117276,117304],[10,115569,115565],{"id":115570},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,115572,115573],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,115575,115576],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[194,115578,115579,115582,115585],{},[197,115580,115581],{},"a list inside another list",[197,115583,115584],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[197,115586,115587],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,115589,99984,115590,960,115592,115595],{},[34,115591,180],{},[34,115593,115594],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,115597,115598],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[39,115600,42],{"id":41},[44,115602,115604],{"className":46,"code":115603,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115605,115606,115613,115617,115643,115663,115683,115687,115705,115709,115722,115736],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,115607,115608,115610],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,115609,34965],{"class":3764},[53,115611,115612],{"class":59}," copy\n",[53,115614,115615],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,115616,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,115618,115619,115621,115623,115625,115627,115629,115631,115633,115635,115637,115639,115641],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,115620,796],{"class":59},[53,115622,31],{"class":63},[53,115624,801],{"class":66},[53,115626,71],{"class":70},[53,115628,74],{"class":66},[53,115630,77],{"class":70},[53,115632,810],{"class":66},[53,115634,67],{"class":66},[53,115636,815],{"class":70},[53,115638,74],{"class":66},[53,115640,597],{"class":70},[53,115642,822],{"class":66},[53,115644,115645,115648,115650,115653,115655,115657,115659,115661],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,115646,115647],{"class":59},"shallow ",[53,115649,31],{"class":63},[53,115651,115652],{"class":59}," copy",[53,115654,99],{"class":66},[53,115656,103],{"class":102},[53,115658,127],{"class":66},[53,115660,877],{"class":102},[53,115662,133],{"class":66},[53,115664,115665,115668,115670,115672,115674,115677,115679,115681],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,115666,115667],{"class":59},"deep ",[53,115669,31],{"class":63},[53,115671,115652],{"class":59},[53,115673,99],{"class":66},[53,115675,115676],{"class":102},"deepcopy",[53,115678,127],{"class":66},[53,115680,877],{"class":102},[53,115682,133],{"class":66},[53,115684,115685],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,115686,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,115688,115689,115691,115693,115695,115697,115699,115701,115703],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,115690,877],{"class":59},[53,115692,311],{"class":66},[53,115694,852],{"class":70},[53,115696,855],{"class":66},[53,115698,124],{"class":102},[53,115700,127],{"class":66},[53,115702,862],{"class":70},[53,115704,133],{"class":66},[53,115706,115707],{"class":55,"line":6312},[53,115708,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,115710,115711,115713,115715,115717,115719],{"class":55,"line":6318},[53,115712,145],{"class":144},[53,115714,127],{"class":66},[53,115716,877],{"class":102},[53,115718,153],{"class":66},[53,115720,115721],{"class":156},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[53,115723,115724,115726,115728,115731,115733],{"class":55,"line":6323},[53,115725,145],{"class":144},[53,115727,127],{"class":66},[53,115729,115730],{"class":102},"shallow",[53,115732,153],{"class":66},[53,115734,115735],{"class":156},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[53,115737,115738,115740,115742,115745,115747],{"class":55,"line":11484},[53,115739,145],{"class":144},[53,115741,127],{"class":66},[53,115743,115744],{"class":102},"deep",[53,115746,153],{"class":66},[53,115748,115749],{"class":156},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115751,174,115752,115755,115756,960,115758,115761],{},[15,115753,115754],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[34,115757,180],{},[15,115759,115760],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[39,115763,115765],{"id":115764},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[194,115767,115768,115771,115774,115777,115780],{},[197,115769,115770],{},"What a copy means in Python",[197,115772,115773],{},"How shallow copy works",[197,115775,115776],{},"How deep copy works",[197,115778,115779],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[197,115781,115782],{},"When to use each approach",[39,115784,115786],{"id":115785},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,115788,15059,115789,115791,115792,115794],{},[34,115790,180],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[34,115793,36],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,115796,775],{},[194,115798,115799,115802,115805],{},[197,115800,115801],{},"the outer container is new",[197,115803,115804],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[197,115806,115807],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,115809,211],{},[44,115811,115813],{"className":46,"code":115812,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,115814,115815,115841,115855,115859,115877,115881,115894],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,115816,115817,115819,115821,115823,115825,115827,115829,115831,115833,115835,115837,115839],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,115818,796],{"class":59},[53,115820,31],{"class":63},[53,115822,801],{"class":66},[53,115824,71],{"class":70},[53,115826,74],{"class":66},[53,115828,77],{"class":70},[53,115830,810],{"class":66},[53,115832,67],{"class":66},[53,115834,815],{"class":70},[53,115836,74],{"class":66},[53,115838,597],{"class":70},[53,115840,822],{"class":66},[53,115842,115843,115845,115847,115849,115851,115853],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,115844,827],{"class":59},[53,115846,31],{"class":63},[53,115848,832],{"class":59},[53,115850,99],{"class":66},[53,115852,103],{"class":102},[53,115854,106],{"class":66},[53,115856,115857],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,115858,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,115860,115861,115863,115865,115867,115869,115871,115873,115875],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,115862,847],{"class":59},[53,115864,99],{"class":66},[53,115866,124],{"class":102},[53,115868,2873],{"class":66},[53,115870,2024],{"class":70},[53,115872,74],{"class":66},[53,115874,37518],{"class":70},[53,115876,3777],{"class":66},[53,115878,115879],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,115880,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,115882,115883,115885,115887,115889,115891],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,115884,145],{"class":144},[53,115886,127],{"class":66},[53,115888,877],{"class":102},[53,115890,153],{"class":66},[53,115892,115893],{"class":156},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[53,115895,115896,115898,115900,115902,115904],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,115897,145],{"class":144},[53,115899,127],{"class":66},[53,115901,847],{"class":102},[53,115903,153],{"class":66},[53,115905,115906],{"class":156},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,115908,115909,115910,115912],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,115911,847],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,115914,115915],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[44,115917,115919],{"className":46,"code":115918,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115920,115921,115947,115961,115965,115983,115987,115999],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,115922,115923,115925,115927,115929,115931,115933,115935,115937,115939,115941,115943,115945],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,115924,796],{"class":59},[53,115926,31],{"class":63},[53,115928,801],{"class":66},[53,115930,71],{"class":70},[53,115932,74],{"class":66},[53,115934,77],{"class":70},[53,115936,810],{"class":66},[53,115938,67],{"class":66},[53,115940,815],{"class":70},[53,115942,74],{"class":66},[53,115944,597],{"class":70},[53,115946,822],{"class":66},[53,115948,115949,115951,115953,115955,115957,115959],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,115950,827],{"class":59},[53,115952,31],{"class":63},[53,115954,832],{"class":59},[53,115956,99],{"class":66},[53,115958,103],{"class":102},[53,115960,106],{"class":66},[53,115962,115963],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,115964,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,115966,115967,115969,115971,115973,115975,115977,115979,115981],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,115968,847],{"class":59},[53,115970,311],{"class":66},[53,115972,852],{"class":70},[53,115974,855],{"class":66},[53,115976,124],{"class":102},[53,115978,127],{"class":66},[53,115980,862],{"class":70},[53,115982,133],{"class":66},[53,115984,115985],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,115986,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,115988,115989,115991,115993,115995,115997],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,115990,145],{"class":144},[53,115992,127],{"class":66},[53,115994,877],{"class":102},[53,115996,153],{"class":66},[53,115998,115721],{"class":156},[53,116000,116001,116003,116005,116007,116009],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,116002,145],{"class":144},[53,116004,127],{"class":66},[53,116006,847],{"class":102},[53,116008,153],{"class":66},[53,116010,116011],{"class":156},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116013,116014,116015,960,116017,116020],{},"Both changed because ",[15,116016,969],{},[15,116018,116019],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,116022,116023,116024,99],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[758,116025,43808],{"href":11955},[39,116027,116029],{"id":116028},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,116031,15059,116032,116034],{},[34,116033,115594],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,116036,775],{},[194,116038,116039,116041,116044],{},[197,116040,115801],{},[197,116042,116043],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[197,116045,116046],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,116048,211],{},[44,116050,116052],{"className":46,"code":116051,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116053,116054,116060,116064,116090,116108,116112,116130,116134,116146],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,116055,116056,116058],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,116057,34965],{"class":3764},[53,116059,115612],{"class":59},[53,116061,116062],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,116063,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,116065,116066,116068,116070,116072,116074,116076,116078,116080,116082,116084,116086,116088],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,116067,796],{"class":59},[53,116069,31],{"class":63},[53,116071,801],{"class":66},[53,116073,71],{"class":70},[53,116075,74],{"class":66},[53,116077,77],{"class":70},[53,116079,810],{"class":66},[53,116081,67],{"class":66},[53,116083,815],{"class":70},[53,116085,74],{"class":66},[53,116087,597],{"class":70},[53,116089,822],{"class":66},[53,116091,116092,116094,116096,116098,116100,116102,116104,116106],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,116093,827],{"class":59},[53,116095,31],{"class":63},[53,116097,115652],{"class":59},[53,116099,99],{"class":66},[53,116101,115676],{"class":102},[53,116103,127],{"class":66},[53,116105,877],{"class":102},[53,116107,133],{"class":66},[53,116109,116110],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,116111,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,116113,116114,116116,116118,116120,116122,116124,116126,116128],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,116115,847],{"class":59},[53,116117,311],{"class":66},[53,116119,852],{"class":70},[53,116121,855],{"class":66},[53,116123,124],{"class":102},[53,116125,127],{"class":66},[53,116127,862],{"class":70},[53,116129,133],{"class":66},[53,116131,116132],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,116133,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,116135,116136,116138,116140,116142,116144],{"class":55,"line":6312},[53,116137,145],{"class":144},[53,116139,127],{"class":66},[53,116141,877],{"class":102},[53,116143,153],{"class":66},[53,116145,115893],{"class":156},[53,116147,116148,116150,116152,116154,116156],{"class":55,"line":6318},[53,116149,145],{"class":144},[53,116151,127],{"class":66},[53,116153,847],{"class":102},[53,116155,153],{"class":66},[53,116157,116011],{"class":156},[20,116159,116160,116161,116163,116164,99],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,116162,116019],{}," does not change ",[15,116165,969],{},[39,116167,116169],{"id":116168},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,116171,116172],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,116174,116175],{},"Common reasons:",[194,116177,116178,116181,116184,116190],{},[197,116179,116180],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[197,116182,116183],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[197,116185,116186,116187,116189],{},"Assignment with ",[15,116188,31],{}," does not make a copy",[197,116191,116192],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,116194,116195,116196,116198],{},"For example, this does ",[34,116197,36],{}," create a copy:",[44,116200,116202],{"className":46,"code":116201,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116203,116204,116224,116232,116236,116250,116254,116266],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,116205,116206,116208,116210,116212,116214,116216,116218,116220,116222],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,116207,796],{"class":59},[53,116209,31],{"class":63},[53,116211,67],{"class":66},[53,116213,71],{"class":70},[53,116215,74],{"class":66},[53,116217,77],{"class":70},[53,116219,74],{"class":66},[53,116221,82],{"class":70},[53,116223,85],{"class":66},[53,116225,116226,116228,116230],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,116227,827],{"class":59},[53,116229,31],{"class":63},[53,116231,12013],{"class":59},[53,116233,116234],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,116235,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,116237,116238,116240,116242,116244,116246,116248],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,116239,847],{"class":59},[53,116241,99],{"class":66},[53,116243,124],{"class":102},[53,116245,127],{"class":66},[53,116247,130],{"class":70},[53,116249,133],{"class":66},[53,116251,116252],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,116253,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,116255,116256,116258,116260,116262,116264],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,116257,145],{"class":144},[53,116259,127],{"class":66},[53,116261,877],{"class":102},[53,116263,153],{"class":66},[53,116265,171],{"class":156},[53,116267,116268,116270,116272,116274,116276],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,116269,145],{"class":144},[53,116271,127],{"class":66},[53,116273,847],{"class":102},[53,116275,153],{"class":66},[53,116277,116278],{"class":156},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,116280,116281],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[39,116283,116285],{"id":116284},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,116287,116288],{},"These three ideas are different.",[1327,116290,116292],{"id":116291},"assignment","Assignment",[20,116294,116295],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[44,116297,116299],{"className":46,"code":116298,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,116300,116301,116327,116335,116339],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,116302,116303,116305,116307,116309,116311,116313,116315,116317,116319,116321,116323,116325],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,116304,796],{"class":59},[53,116306,31],{"class":63},[53,116308,801],{"class":66},[53,116310,71],{"class":70},[53,116312,74],{"class":66},[53,116314,77],{"class":70},[53,116316,810],{"class":66},[53,116318,67],{"class":66},[53,116320,815],{"class":70},[53,116322,74],{"class":66},[53,116324,597],{"class":70},[53,116326,822],{"class":66},[53,116328,116329,116331,116333],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,116330,13977],{"class":59},[53,116332,31],{"class":63},[53,116334,12013],{"class":59},[53,116336,116337],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,116338,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,116340,116341,116343,116345,116347,116349,116351,116353],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,116342,145],{"class":144},[53,116344,127],{"class":66},[53,116346,796],{"class":102},[53,116348,12081],{"class":3764},[53,116350,14045],{"class":102},[53,116352,153],{"class":66},[53,116354,3550],{"class":156},[20,116356,116357],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[1327,116359,116361],{"id":116360},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,116363,116364],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[44,116366,116368],{"className":46,"code":116367,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,116369,116370,116396,116410,116414,116431],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,116371,116372,116374,116376,116378,116380,116382,116384,116386,116388,116390,116392,116394],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,116373,796],{"class":59},[53,116375,31],{"class":63},[53,116377,801],{"class":66},[53,116379,71],{"class":70},[53,116381,74],{"class":66},[53,116383,77],{"class":70},[53,116385,810],{"class":66},[53,116387,67],{"class":66},[53,116389,815],{"class":70},[53,116391,74],{"class":66},[53,116393,597],{"class":70},[53,116395,822],{"class":66},[53,116397,116398,116400,116402,116404,116406,116408],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,116399,115647],{"class":59},[53,116401,31],{"class":63},[53,116403,832],{"class":59},[53,116405,99],{"class":66},[53,116407,103],{"class":102},[53,116409,106],{"class":66},[53,116411,116412],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,116413,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,116415,116416,116418,116420,116422,116424,116427,116429],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,116417,145],{"class":144},[53,116419,127],{"class":66},[53,116421,796],{"class":102},[53,116423,12081],{"class":3764},[53,116425,116426],{"class":102}," shallow",[53,116428,153],{"class":66},[53,116430,21069],{"class":156},[53,116432,116433,116435,116437,116439,116441,116443,116445,116447,116449,116451,116453,116455],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,116434,145],{"class":144},[53,116436,127],{"class":66},[53,116438,877],{"class":102},[53,116440,311],{"class":66},[53,116442,852],{"class":70},[53,116444,13152],{"class":66},[53,116446,7982],{"class":3764},[53,116448,116426],{"class":102},[53,116450,311],{"class":66},[53,116452,852],{"class":70},[53,116454,20314],{"class":66},[53,116456,3550],{"class":156},[1327,116458,116460],{"id":116459},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,116462,116463],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[44,116465,116467],{"className":46,"code":116466,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,116468,116469,116475,116479,116505,116523,116527,116545],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,116470,116471,116473],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,116472,34965],{"class":3764},[53,116474,115612],{"class":59},[53,116476,116477],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,116478,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,116480,116481,116483,116485,116487,116489,116491,116493,116495,116497,116499,116501,116503],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,116482,796],{"class":59},[53,116484,31],{"class":63},[53,116486,801],{"class":66},[53,116488,71],{"class":70},[53,116490,74],{"class":66},[53,116492,77],{"class":70},[53,116494,810],{"class":66},[53,116496,67],{"class":66},[53,116498,815],{"class":70},[53,116500,74],{"class":66},[53,116502,597],{"class":70},[53,116504,822],{"class":66},[53,116506,116507,116509,116511,116513,116515,116517,116519,116521],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,116508,115667],{"class":59},[53,116510,31],{"class":63},[53,116512,115652],{"class":59},[53,116514,99],{"class":66},[53,116516,115676],{"class":102},[53,116518,127],{"class":66},[53,116520,877],{"class":102},[53,116522,133],{"class":66},[53,116524,116525],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,116526,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,116528,116529,116531,116533,116535,116537,116540,116542],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,116530,145],{"class":144},[53,116532,127],{"class":66},[53,116534,796],{"class":102},[53,116536,12081],{"class":3764},[53,116538,116539],{"class":102}," deep",[53,116541,153],{"class":66},[53,116543,116544],{"class":156},"         # False\n",[53,116546,116547,116549,116551,116553,116555,116557,116559,116561,116563,116565,116567,116569],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,116548,145],{"class":144},[53,116550,127],{"class":66},[53,116552,877],{"class":102},[53,116554,311],{"class":66},[53,116556,852],{"class":70},[53,116558,13152],{"class":66},[53,116560,7982],{"class":3764},[53,116562,116539],{"class":102},[53,116564,311],{"class":66},[53,116566,852],{"class":70},[53,116568,20314],{"class":66},[53,116570,43744],{"class":156},[39,116572,116574],{"id":116573},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,116576,116577,116578,192],{},"These all make ",[34,116579,116580],{},"shallow copies",[194,116582,116583,116587,116591,116596,116602],{},[197,116584,116585],{},[15,116586,24],{},[197,116588,116589],{},[15,116590,12322],{},[197,116592,116593],{},[15,116594,116595],{},"set.copy()",[197,116597,116598,116599],{},"list slicing like ",[15,116600,116601],{},"my_list[:]",[197,116603,116604,116606,116607,34955],{},[15,116605,115754],{}," from the ",[15,116608,103],{},[20,116610,2013],{},[44,116612,116614],{"className":46,"code":116613,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,116615,116616,116636,116640,116654,116665,116669,116681],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,116617,116618,116620,116622,116624,116626,116628,116630,116632,116634],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,116619,60],{"class":59},[53,116621,31],{"class":63},[53,116623,67],{"class":66},[53,116625,71],{"class":70},[53,116627,74],{"class":66},[53,116629,77],{"class":70},[53,116631,74],{"class":66},[53,116633,82],{"class":70},[53,116635,85],{"class":66},[53,116637,116638],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,116639,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,116641,116642,116644,116646,116648,116650,116652],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,116643,1345],{"class":59},[53,116645,31],{"class":63},[53,116647,96],{"class":59},[53,116649,99],{"class":66},[53,116651,103],{"class":102},[53,116653,106],{"class":66},[53,116655,116656,116658,116660,116662],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,116657,1366],{"class":59},[53,116659,31],{"class":63},[53,116661,96],{"class":59},[53,116663,116664],{"class":66},"[:]\n",[53,116666,116667],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,116668,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,116670,116671,116673,116675,116677,116679],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,116672,145],{"class":144},[53,116674,127],{"class":66},[53,116676,758],{"class":102},[53,116678,153],{"class":66},[53,116680,1479],{"class":156},[53,116682,116683,116685,116687,116689,116691],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,116684,145],{"class":144},[53,116686,127],{"class":66},[53,116688,1376],{"class":102},[53,116690,153],{"class":66},[53,116692,1479],{"class":156},[20,116694,72855,116695,47406,116699,99],{},[758,116696,116697,1316],{"href":54825},[15,116698,24],{},[758,116700,116701,1316],{"href":12319},[15,116702,12322],{},[39,116704,116706],{"id":116705},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,116708,116709],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[194,116711,116712,116715,116718],{},[197,116713,116714],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[197,116716,116717],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[197,116719,116720],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,116722,116723],{},"Example with a flat list:",[44,116725,116727],{"className":46,"code":116726,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116728,116729,116749,116763,116767,116781,116785,116797],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,116730,116731,116733,116735,116737,116739,116741,116743,116745,116747],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,116732,796],{"class":59},[53,116734,31],{"class":63},[53,116736,67],{"class":66},[53,116738,71],{"class":70},[53,116740,74],{"class":66},[53,116742,77],{"class":70},[53,116744,74],{"class":66},[53,116746,82],{"class":70},[53,116748,85],{"class":66},[53,116750,116751,116753,116755,116757,116759,116761],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,116752,827],{"class":59},[53,116754,31],{"class":63},[53,116756,832],{"class":59},[53,116758,99],{"class":66},[53,116760,103],{"class":102},[53,116762,106],{"class":66},[53,116764,116765],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,116766,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,116768,116769,116771,116773,116775,116777,116779],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,116770,847],{"class":59},[53,116772,99],{"class":66},[53,116774,124],{"class":102},[53,116776,127],{"class":66},[53,116778,130],{"class":70},[53,116780,133],{"class":66},[53,116782,116783],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,116784,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,116786,116787,116789,116791,116793,116795],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,116788,145],{"class":144},[53,116790,127],{"class":66},[53,116792,877],{"class":102},[53,116794,153],{"class":66},[53,116796,1479],{"class":156},[53,116798,116799,116801,116803,116805,116807],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,116800,145],{"class":144},[53,116802,127],{"class":66},[53,116804,847],{"class":102},[53,116806,153],{"class":66},[53,116808,116278],{"class":156},[20,116810,116811],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,116813,116814,116815,99],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[758,116816,14761],{"href":1795},[39,116818,116820],{"id":116819},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,116822,116823],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[194,116825,116826,116829,116832],{},[197,116827,116828],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[197,116830,116831],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[197,116833,116834],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,116836,116837],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[44,116839,116841],{"className":46,"code":116840,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,116842,116843,116849,116853,116879,116893,116911,116915,116937,116941,116954,116967],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,116844,116845,116847],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,116846,34965],{"class":3764},[53,116848,115612],{"class":59},[53,116850,116851],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,116852,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,116854,116855,116857,116859,116861,116863,116865,116867,116869,116871,116873,116875,116877],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,116856,796],{"class":59},[53,116858,31],{"class":63},[53,116860,10379],{"class":66},[53,116862,229],{"class":228},[53,116864,1225],{"class":232},[53,116866,229],{"class":228},[53,116868,192],{"class":66},[53,116870,67],{"class":66},[53,116872,1188],{"class":70},[53,116874,74],{"class":66},[53,116876,1193],{"class":70},[53,116878,13583],{"class":66},[53,116880,116881,116883,116885,116887,116889,116891],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,116882,115647],{"class":59},[53,116884,31],{"class":63},[53,116886,832],{"class":59},[53,116888,99],{"class":66},[53,116890,103],{"class":102},[53,116892,106],{"class":66},[53,116894,116895,116897,116899,116901,116903,116905,116907,116909],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,116896,115667],{"class":59},[53,116898,31],{"class":63},[53,116900,115652],{"class":59},[53,116902,99],{"class":66},[53,116904,115676],{"class":102},[53,116906,127],{"class":66},[53,116908,877],{"class":102},[53,116910,133],{"class":66},[53,116912,116913],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,116914,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,116916,116917,116919,116921,116923,116925,116927,116929,116931,116933,116935],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,116918,877],{"class":59},[53,116920,311],{"class":66},[53,116922,229],{"class":228},[53,116924,1225],{"class":232},[53,116926,229],{"class":228},[53,116928,855],{"class":66},[53,116930,124],{"class":102},[53,116932,127],{"class":66},[53,116934,36715],{"class":70},[53,116936,133],{"class":66},[53,116938,116939],{"class":55,"line":6312},[53,116940,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,116942,116943,116945,116947,116949,116951],{"class":55,"line":6318},[53,116944,145],{"class":144},[53,116946,127],{"class":66},[53,116948,877],{"class":102},[53,116950,153],{"class":66},[53,116952,116953],{"class":156},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[53,116955,116956,116958,116960,116962,116964],{"class":55,"line":6323},[53,116957,145],{"class":144},[53,116959,127],{"class":66},[53,116961,115730],{"class":102},[53,116963,153],{"class":66},[53,116965,116966],{"class":156},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[53,116968,116969,116971,116973,116975,116977],{"class":55,"line":11484},[53,116970,145],{"class":144},[53,116972,127],{"class":66},[53,116974,115744],{"class":102},[53,116976,153],{"class":66},[53,116978,116979],{"class":156},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,116981,116982],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[39,116984,116986],{"id":116985},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,116988,116989],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[194,116991,116992,116995,116998,117001],{},[197,116993,116994],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[197,116996,116997],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[197,116999,117000],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[197,117002,117003],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,117005,117006],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[44,117008,117010],{"className":46,"code":117009,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,117011,117012,117020,117028,117032,117040,117044,117056],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117013,117014,117016,117018],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117015,1345],{"class":59},[53,117017,31],{"class":63},[53,117019,2472],{"class":70},[53,117021,117022,117024,117026],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,117023,1366],{"class":59},[53,117025,31],{"class":63},[53,117027,1371],{"class":59},[53,117029,117030],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,117031,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,117033,117034,117036,117038],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,117035,1366],{"class":59},[53,117037,31],{"class":63},[53,117039,14487],{"class":70},[53,117041,117042],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,117043,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,117045,117046,117048,117050,117052,117054],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,117047,145],{"class":144},[53,117049,127],{"class":66},[53,117051,758],{"class":102},[53,117053,153],{"class":66},[53,117055,26665],{"class":156},[53,117057,117058,117060,117062,117064,117066],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,117059,145],{"class":144},[53,117061,127],{"class":66},[53,117063,1376],{"class":102},[53,117065,153],{"class":66},[53,117067,27486],{"class":156},[20,117069,93226,117070,117073],{},[758,117071,117072],{"href":11955},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[39,117075,2716],{"id":2715},[20,117077,117078],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[194,117080,117081,117085,117090,117095,117098],{},[197,117082,485,117083,1332],{},[15,117084,31],{},[197,117086,485,117087,117089],{},[15,117088,24],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[197,117091,485,117092,117094],{},[15,117093,12322],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[197,117096,117097],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[197,117099,117100],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,117102,117103],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[44,117105,117107],{"className":46,"code":117106,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,117108,117109,117123,117137,117159,117190],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117110,117111,117113,117115,117117,117119,117121],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117112,145],{"class":144},[53,117114,127],{"class":66},[53,117116,796],{"class":102},[53,117118,12081],{"class":3764},[53,117120,14257],{"class":102},[53,117122,133],{"class":66},[53,117124,117125,117127,117129,117131,117133,117135],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,117126,145],{"class":144},[53,117128,127],{"class":66},[53,117130,796],{"class":102},[53,117132,4574],{"class":63},[53,117134,14257],{"class":102},[53,117136,133],{"class":66},[53,117138,117139,117141,117143,117145,117147,117149,117151,117153,117155,117157],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,117140,145],{"class":144},[53,117142,127],{"class":66},[53,117144,12537],{"class":144},[53,117146,127],{"class":66},[53,117148,877],{"class":102},[53,117150,9121],{"class":66},[53,117152,14689],{"class":144},[53,117154,127],{"class":66},[53,117156,847],{"class":102},[53,117158,1713],{"class":66},[53,117160,117161,117163,117165,117167,117169,117171,117173,117175,117178,117180,117182,117184,117186,117188],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,117162,145],{"class":144},[53,117164,127],{"class":66},[53,117166,12537],{"class":144},[53,117168,127],{"class":66},[53,117170,877],{"class":102},[53,117172,311],{"class":66},[53,117174,852],{"class":70},[53,117176,117177],{"class":66},"]),",[53,117179,14689],{"class":144},[53,117181,127],{"class":66},[53,117183,847],{"class":102},[53,117185,311],{"class":66},[53,117187,852],{"class":70},[53,117189,2886],{"class":66},[53,117191,117192,117194,117196,117198,117200,117202],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,117193,145],{"class":144},[53,117195,127],{"class":66},[53,117197,1705],{"class":1704},[53,117199,127],{"class":66},[53,117201,877],{"class":102},[53,117203,1713],{"class":66},[20,117205,117206],{},"What they tell you:",[194,117208,117209,117214,117219,117224,117234],{},[197,117210,117211,117213],{},[15,117212,12081],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[197,117215,117216,117218],{},[15,117217,4574],{}," checks whether values are equal",[197,117220,117221,117223],{},[15,117222,43360],{}," shows the identity of an object",[197,117225,117226,117227,960,117230,117233],{},"comparing ",[15,117228,117229],{},"id(original[0])",[15,117231,117232],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[197,117235,117236,117238],{},[15,117237,2190],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[39,117240,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,117242,117244],{"id":117243},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,117246,117247],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[1327,117249,1847],{"id":1755},[20,117251,117252],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[1327,117254,117256],{"id":117255},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,117258,117259],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[1327,117261,117263],{"id":117262},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,117265,117266],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[1327,117268,117270],{"id":117269},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,117272,117273],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[39,117275,1788],{"id":1787},[194,117277,117278,117283,117289,117295,117299],{},[197,117279,117280],{},[758,117281,117282],{"href":11955},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[197,117284,117285],{},[758,117286,3463,117287,1316],{"href":54825},[15,117288,24],{},[197,117290,117291],{},[758,117292,3463,117293,1316],{"href":12319},[15,117294,12322],{},[197,117296,117297],{},[758,117298,1796],{"href":1795},[197,117300,117301],{},[758,117302,117303],{"href":58207},"What is a list in Python?",[1817,117305,117306],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":117308},[117309,117310,117311,117312,117313,117314,117319,117320,117321,117322,117323,117324,117331],{"id":41,"depth":88,"text":42},{"id":115764,"depth":88,"text":115765},{"id":115785,"depth":88,"text":115786},{"id":116028,"depth":88,"text":116029},{"id":116168,"depth":88,"text":116169},{"id":116284,"depth":88,"text":116285,"children":117315},[117316,117317,117318],{"id":116291,"depth":109,"text":116292},{"id":116360,"depth":109,"text":116361},{"id":116459,"depth":109,"text":116460},{"id":116573,"depth":88,"text":116574},{"id":116705,"depth":88,"text":116706},{"id":116819,"depth":88,"text":116820},{"id":116985,"depth":88,"text":116986},{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":117325},[117326,117327,117328,117329,117330],{"id":117243,"depth":109,"text":117244},{"id":1755,"depth":109,"text":1847},{"id":117255,"depth":109,"text":117256},{"id":117262,"depth":109,"text":117263},{"id":117269,"depth":109,"text":117270},{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115565,"description":117332},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117338,"title":117339,"body":117340,"description":119197,"extension":1853,"meta":119198,"navigation":112,"path":119199,"seo":119200,"stem":119201,"__hash__":119202},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117341,"toc":119155},[117342,117347,117352,117360,117362,117430,117435,117440,117455,117458,117460,117491,117493,117513,117516,117531,117533,117536,117609,117611,117656,117658,117669,117674,117678,117683,117686,117725,117727,117747,117750,117807,117809,117844,117847,117886,117888,117908,117911,117942,117944,118000,118002,118007,118078,118080,118113,118118,118123,118188,118190,118227,118230,118307,118309,118369,118376,118381,118384,118387,118468,118470,118511,118516,118519,118597,118599,118632,118641,118648,118651,118662,118665,118676,118680,118688,118697,118701,118706,118710,118715,118758,118761,118767,118770,118772,118819,118824,118828,118831,118880,118882,118903,118906,118908,118933,118936,119057,119062,119064,119069,119072,119077,119080,119088,119093,119100,119103,119111,119114,119116,119152],[10,117343,3463,117345,3467],{"id":117344},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,117346,74139],{},[20,117348,117349,117351],{},[15,117350,74139],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,117353,117354,117355,2076,117357,117359],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,117356,77582],{},[15,117358,74139],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[39,117361,3497],{"id":3496},[44,117363,117365],{"className":46,"code":117364,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,117366,117367,117387,117401,117405,117417],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117368,117369,117371,117373,117375,117377,117379,117381,117383,117385],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117370,60],{"class":59},[53,117372,31],{"class":63},[53,117374,67],{"class":66},[53,117376,815],{"class":70},[53,117378,74],{"class":66},[53,117380,5382],{"class":70},[53,117382,74],{"class":66},[53,117384,77],{"class":70},[53,117386,85],{"class":66},[53,117388,117389,117391,117393,117395,117397,117399],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,117390,2117],{"class":59},[53,117392,31],{"class":63},[53,117394,74273],{"class":144},[53,117396,127],{"class":66},[53,117398,150],{"class":102},[53,117400,133],{"class":66},[53,117402,117403],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,117404,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,117406,117407,117409,117411,117413,117415],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,117408,145],{"class":144},[53,117410,127],{"class":66},[53,117412,2152],{"class":102},[53,117414,153],{"class":66},[53,117416,157],{"class":156},[53,117418,117419,117421,117423,117425,117427],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,117420,145],{"class":144},[53,117422,127],{"class":66},[53,117424,150],{"class":102},[53,117426,153],{"class":66},[53,117428,117429],{"class":156},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,117431,117432,117434],{},[15,117433,74139],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[39,117436,184,117438,187],{"id":117437},"what-sorted-does",[15,117439,74139],{},[194,117441,117442,117446,117449,117452],{},[197,117443,117444,62640],{},[15,117445,74139],{},[197,117447,117448],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[197,117450,117451],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[197,117453,117454],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,117456,117457],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[39,117459,372],{"id":371},[44,117461,117463],{"className":46,"code":117462,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,117464,117465],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117466,117467,117469,117471,117473,117475,117477,117479,117481,117483,117485,117487,117489],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117468,74229],{"class":144},[53,117470,127],{"class":66},[53,117472,3606],{"class":102},[53,117474,74],{"class":66},[53,117476,21448],{"class":9063},[53,117478,31],{"class":63},[53,117480,3664],{"class":3739},[53,117482,74],{"class":66},[53,117484,77785],{"class":9063},[53,117486,31],{"class":63},[53,117488,3560],{"class":3739},[53,117490,133],{"class":66},[1327,117492,17265],{"id":17264},[194,117494,117495,117500,117505],{},[197,117496,117497,117499],{},[15,117498,3606],{},": the values to sort",[197,117501,117502,117504],{},[15,117503,14714],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[197,117506,117507,117509,117510,117512],{},[15,117508,73292],{},": set to ",[15,117511,3492],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,117514,117515],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[44,117517,117519],{"className":46,"code":117518,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,117520,117521],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117522,117523,117525,117527,117529],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117524,74229],{"class":144},[53,117526,127],{"class":66},[53,117528,60021],{"class":102},[53,117530,133],{"class":66},[39,117532,11364],{"id":11363},[20,117534,117535],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[44,117537,117539],{"className":46,"code":117538,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,117540,117541,117565,117569,117584,117588,117599],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117542,117543,117545,117547,117549,117551,117553,117555,117557,117559,117561,117563],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117544,60],{"class":59},[53,117546,31],{"class":63},[53,117548,67],{"class":66},[53,117550,2024],{"class":70},[53,117552,74],{"class":66},[53,117554,77],{"class":70},[53,117556,74],{"class":66},[53,117558,6246],{"class":70},[53,117560,74],{"class":66},[53,117562,5382],{"class":70},[53,117564,85],{"class":66},[53,117566,117567],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,117568,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,117570,117571,117574,117576,117578,117580,117582],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,117572,117573],{"class":59},"sorted_numbers ",[53,117575,31],{"class":63},[53,117577,74273],{"class":144},[53,117579,127],{"class":66},[53,117581,150],{"class":102},[53,117583,133],{"class":66},[53,117585,117586],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,117587,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,117589,117590,117592,117594,117597],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,117591,145],{"class":144},[53,117593,127],{"class":66},[53,117595,117596],{"class":102},"sorted_numbers",[53,117598,133],{"class":66},[53,117600,117601,117603,117605,117607],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,117602,145],{"class":144},[53,117604,127],{"class":66},[53,117606,150],{"class":102},[53,117608,133],{"class":66},[20,117610,301],{},[44,117612,117614],{"className":46,"code":117613,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,117615,117616,117636],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117617,117618,117620,117622,117624,117626,117628,117630,117632,117634],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117619,311],{"class":66},[53,117621,71],{"class":70},[53,117623,74],{"class":66},[53,117625,77],{"class":70},[53,117627,74],{"class":66},[53,117629,4491],{"class":70},[53,117631,74],{"class":66},[53,117633,6246],{"class":70},[53,117635,85],{"class":66},[53,117637,117638,117640,117642,117644,117646,117648,117650,117652,117654],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,117639,311],{"class":66},[53,117641,2024],{"class":70},[53,117643,74],{"class":66},[53,117645,77],{"class":70},[53,117647,74],{"class":66},[53,117649,6246],{"class":70},[53,117651,74],{"class":66},[53,117653,5382],{"class":70},[53,117655,85],{"class":66},[20,117657,13640],{},[194,117659,117660,117665],{},[197,117661,117662,117664],{},[15,117663,117596],{}," is a new sorted list",[197,117666,117667,112201],{},[15,117668,150],{},[20,117670,117671,117672,99],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[758,117673,78092],{"href":78091},[39,117675,117677],{"id":117676},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,117679,117680,117682],{},[15,117681,74139],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[1327,117684,117685],{"id":7979},"List",[44,117687,117689],{"className":46,"code":117688,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,117690,117691,117711],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117692,117693,117695,117697,117699,117701,117703,117705,117707,117709],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117694,60],{"class":59},[53,117696,31],{"class":63},[53,117698,67],{"class":66},[53,117700,815],{"class":70},[53,117702,74],{"class":66},[53,117704,5382],{"class":70},[53,117706,74],{"class":66},[53,117708,77],{"class":70},[53,117710,85],{"class":66},[53,117712,117713,117715,117717,117719,117721,117723],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,117714,145],{"class":144},[53,117716,127],{"class":66},[53,117718,74229],{"class":144},[53,117720,127],{"class":66},[53,117722,150],{"class":102},[53,117724,1713],{"class":66},[20,117726,301],{},[44,117728,117729],{"className":46,"code":55015,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,117730,117731],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117732,117733,117735,117737,117739,117741,117743,117745],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117734,311],{"class":66},[53,117736,71],{"class":70},[53,117738,74],{"class":66},[53,117740,77],{"class":70},[53,117742,74],{"class":66},[53,117744,82],{"class":70},[53,117746,85],{"class":66},[1327,117748,117749],{"id":48826},"Tuple",[44,117751,117753],{"className":46,"code":117752,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,117754,117755,117775,117789],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117756,117757,117759,117761,117763,117765,117767,117769,117771,117773],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117758,3709],{"class":59},[53,117760,31],{"class":63},[53,117762,9124],{"class":66},[53,117764,815],{"class":70},[53,117766,74],{"class":66},[53,117768,5382],{"class":70},[53,117770,74],{"class":66},[53,117772,77],{"class":70},[53,117774,133],{"class":66},[53,117776,117777,117779,117781,117783,117785,117787],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,117778,145],{"class":144},[53,117780,127],{"class":66},[53,117782,74229],{"class":144},[53,117784,127],{"class":66},[53,117786,5242],{"class":102},[53,117788,1713],{"class":66},[53,117790,117791,117793,117795,117797,117799,117801,117803,117805],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,117792,145],{"class":144},[53,117794,127],{"class":66},[53,117796,1705],{"class":1704},[53,117798,127],{"class":66},[53,117800,74229],{"class":144},[53,117802,127],{"class":66},[53,117804,5242],{"class":102},[53,117806,2799],{"class":66},[20,117808,301],{},[44,117810,117812],{"className":46,"code":117811,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,117813,117814,117830],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117815,117816,117818,117820,117822,117824,117826,117828],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117817,311],{"class":66},[53,117819,71],{"class":70},[53,117821,74],{"class":66},[53,117823,77],{"class":70},[53,117825,74],{"class":66},[53,117827,82],{"class":70},[53,117829,85],{"class":66},[53,117831,117832,117834,117836,117838,117840,117842],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,117833,3178],{"class":63},[53,117835,3181],{"class":1954},[53,117837,323],{"class":228},[53,117839,7979],{"class":232},[53,117841,314],{"class":228},[53,117843,3190],{"class":63},[1327,117845,117846],{"id":6173},"Set",[44,117848,117850],{"className":46,"code":117849,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,117851,117852,117872],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117853,117854,117856,117858,117860,117862,117864,117866,117868,117870],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117855,3709],{"class":59},[53,117857,31],{"class":63},[53,117859,10379],{"class":66},[53,117861,815],{"class":70},[53,117863,74],{"class":66},[53,117865,5382],{"class":70},[53,117867,74],{"class":66},[53,117869,77],{"class":70},[53,117871,9197],{"class":66},[53,117873,117874,117876,117878,117880,117882,117884],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,117875,145],{"class":144},[53,117877,127],{"class":66},[53,117879,74229],{"class":144},[53,117881,127],{"class":66},[53,117883,5242],{"class":102},[53,117885,1713],{"class":66},[20,117887,301],{},[44,117889,117890],{"className":46,"code":55015,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,117891,117892],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117893,117894,117896,117898,117900,117902,117904,117906],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117895,311],{"class":66},[53,117897,71],{"class":70},[53,117899,74],{"class":66},[53,117901,77],{"class":70},[53,117903,74],{"class":66},[53,117905,82],{"class":70},[53,117907,85],{"class":66},[1327,117909,117910],{"id":60888},"String",[44,117912,117914],{"className":46,"code":117913,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,117915,117916,117928],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117917,117918,117920,117922,117924,117926],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117919,34561],{"class":59},[53,117921,31],{"class":63},[53,117923,240],{"class":228},[53,117925,48],{"class":232},[53,117927,1682],{"class":228},[53,117929,117930,117932,117934,117936,117938,117940],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,117931,145],{"class":144},[53,117933,127],{"class":66},[53,117935,74229],{"class":144},[53,117937,127],{"class":66},[53,117939,34582],{"class":102},[53,117941,1713],{"class":66},[20,117943,301],{},[44,117945,117946],{"className":46,"code":79109,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,117947,117948],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117949,117950,117952,117954,117956,117958,117960,117962,117964,117966,117968,117970,117972,117974,117976,117978,117980,117982,117984,117986,117988,117990,117992,117994,117996,117998],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117951,311],{"class":66},[53,117953,314],{"class":228},[53,117955,60152],{"class":232},[53,117957,314],{"class":228},[53,117959,74],{"class":66},[53,117961,323],{"class":228},[53,117963,75745],{"class":232},[53,117965,314],{"class":228},[53,117967,74],{"class":66},[53,117969,323],{"class":228},[53,117971,60187],{"class":232},[53,117973,314],{"class":228},[53,117975,74],{"class":66},[53,117977,323],{"class":228},[53,117979,20],{"class":232},[53,117981,314],{"class":228},[53,117983,74],{"class":66},[53,117985,323],{"class":228},[53,117987,63001],{"class":232},[53,117989,314],{"class":228},[53,117991,74],{"class":66},[53,117993,323],{"class":228},[53,117995,11635],{"class":232},[53,117997,314],{"class":228},[53,117999,85],{"class":66},[1327,118001,29094],{"id":15475},[20,118003,63254,118004,118006],{},[15,118005,74139],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[44,118008,118010],{"className":46,"code":118009,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,118011,118012,118064],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,118013,118014,118016,118018,118020,118022,118024,118026,118028,118030,118032,118034,118036,118038,118040,118042,118044,118046,118048,118050,118052,118054,118056,118058,118060,118062],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,118015,13083],{"class":59},[53,118017,31],{"class":63},[53,118019,10379],{"class":66},[53,118021,229],{"class":228},[53,118023,1710],{"class":232},[53,118025,229],{"class":228},[53,118027,192],{"class":66},[53,118029,240],{"class":228},[53,118031,12765],{"class":232},[53,118033,229],{"class":228},[53,118035,74],{"class":66},[53,118037,240],{"class":228},[53,118039,9187],{"class":232},[53,118041,229],{"class":228},[53,118043,192],{"class":66},[53,118045,1193],{"class":70},[53,118047,74],{"class":66},[53,118049,240],{"class":228},[53,118051,10297],{"class":232},[53,118053,229],{"class":228},[53,118055,192],{"class":66},[53,118057,240],{"class":228},[53,118059,15902],{"class":232},[53,118061,229],{"class":228},[53,118063,9197],{"class":66},[53,118065,118066,118068,118070,118072,118074,118076],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,118067,145],{"class":144},[53,118069,127],{"class":66},[53,118071,74229],{"class":144},[53,118073,127],{"class":66},[53,118075,17177],{"class":102},[53,118077,1713],{"class":66},[20,118079,301],{},[44,118081,118083],{"className":46,"code":118082,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,118084,118085],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,118086,118087,118089,118091,118093,118095,118097,118099,118101,118103,118105,118107,118109,118111],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,118088,311],{"class":66},[53,118090,314],{"class":228},[53,118092,9187],{"class":232},[53,118094,314],{"class":228},[53,118096,74],{"class":66},[53,118098,323],{"class":228},[53,118100,10297],{"class":232},[53,118102,314],{"class":228},[53,118104,74],{"class":66},[53,118106,323],{"class":228},[53,118108,1710],{"class":232},[53,118110,314],{"class":228},[53,118112,85],{"class":66},[39,118114,485,118116],{"id":118115},"using-reversetrue",[15,118117,77806],{},[20,118119,174,118120,118122],{},[15,118121,77806],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[44,118124,118126],{"className":46,"code":118125,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,118127,118128,118148,118152,118166],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,118129,118130,118132,118134,118136,118138,118140,118142,118144,118146],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,118131,60],{"class":59},[53,118133,31],{"class":63},[53,118135,67],{"class":66},[53,118137,815],{"class":70},[53,118139,74],{"class":66},[53,118141,5382],{"class":70},[53,118143,74],{"class":66},[53,118145,77],{"class":70},[53,118147,85],{"class":66},[53,118149,118150],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,118151,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,118153,118154,118156,118158,118160,118162,118164],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,118155,145],{"class":144},[53,118157,127],{"class":66},[53,118159,74229],{"class":144},[53,118161,127],{"class":66},[53,118163,150],{"class":102},[53,118165,1713],{"class":66},[53,118167,118168,118170,118172,118174,118176,118178,118180,118182,118184,118186],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,118169,145],{"class":144},[53,118171,127],{"class":66},[53,118173,74229],{"class":144},[53,118175,127],{"class":66},[53,118177,150],{"class":102},[53,118179,74],{"class":66},[53,118181,77785],{"class":9063},[53,118183,31],{"class":63},[53,118185,3492],{"class":3739},[53,118187,1713],{"class":66},[20,118189,301],{},[44,118191,118193],{"className":46,"code":118192,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,118194,118195,118211],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,118196,118197,118199,118201,118203,118205,118207,118209],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,118198,311],{"class":66},[53,118200,71],{"class":70},[53,118202,74],{"class":66},[53,118204,77],{"class":70},[53,118206,74],{"class":66},[53,118208,82],{"class":70},[53,118210,85],{"class":66},[53,118212,118213,118215,118217,118219,118221,118223,118225],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,118214,311],{"class":66},[53,118216,815],{"class":70},[53,118218,74],{"class":66},[53,118220,77],{"class":70},[53,118222,74],{"class":66},[53,118224,5382],{"class":70},[53,118226,85],{"class":66},[20,118228,118229],{},"This also works with strings:",[44,118231,118233],{"className":46,"code":118232,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,118234,118235,118267,118271,118285],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,118236,118237,118239,118241,118243,118245,118247,118249,118251,118253,118255,118257,118259,118261,118263,118265],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,118238,3959],{"class":59},[53,118240,31],{"class":63},[53,118242,67],{"class":66},[53,118244,229],{"class":228},[53,118246,233],{"class":232},[53,118248,229],{"class":228},[53,118250,74],{"class":66},[53,118252,240],{"class":228},[53,118254,243],{"class":232},[53,118256,229],{"class":228},[53,118258,74],{"class":66},[53,118260,240],{"class":228},[53,118262,3984],{"class":232},[53,118264,229],{"class":228},[53,118266,85],{"class":66},[53,118268,118269],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,118270,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,118272,118273,118275,118277,118279,118281,118283],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,118274,145],{"class":144},[53,118276,127],{"class":66},[53,118278,74229],{"class":144},[53,118280,127],{"class":66},[53,118282,4001],{"class":102},[53,118284,1713],{"class":66},[53,118286,118287,118289,118291,118293,118295,118297,118299,118301,118303,118305],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,118288,145],{"class":144},[53,118290,127],{"class":66},[53,118292,74229],{"class":144},[53,118294,127],{"class":66},[53,118296,4001],{"class":102},[53,118298,74],{"class":66},[53,118300,77785],{"class":9063},[53,118302,31],{"class":63},[53,118304,3492],{"class":3739},[53,118306,1713],{"class":66},[20,118308,301],{},[44,118310,118311],{"className":46,"code":73873,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,118312,118313,118341],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,118314,118315,118317,118319,118321,118323,118325,118327,118329,118331,118333,118335,118337,118339],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,118316,311],{"class":66},[53,118318,314],{"class":228},[53,118320,233],{"class":232},[53,118322,314],{"class":228},[53,118324,74],{"class":66},[53,118326,323],{"class":228},[53,118328,243],{"class":232},[53,118330,314],{"class":228},[53,118332,74],{"class":66},[53,118334,323],{"class":228},[53,118336,3984],{"class":232},[53,118338,314],{"class":228},[53,118340,85],{"class":66},[53,118342,118343,118345,118347,118349,118351,118353,118355,118357,118359,118361,118363,118365,118367],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,118344,311],{"class":66},[53,118346,314],{"class":228},[53,118348,3984],{"class":232},[53,118350,314],{"class":228},[53,118352,74],{"class":66},[53,118354,323],{"class":228},[53,118356,243],{"class":232},[53,118358,314],{"class":228},[53,118360,74],{"class":66},[53,118362,323],{"class":228},[53,118364,233],{"class":232},[53,118366,314],{"class":228},[53,118368,85],{"class":66},[39,118370,485,118372,118375],{"id":118371},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,118373,118374],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,118377,1870,118378,118380],{},[15,118379,118374],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,118382,118383],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,118385,118386],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[44,118388,118390],{"className":46,"code":118389,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118391,118392,118432,118436,118458],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,118393,118394,118396,118398,118400,118402,118404,118406,118408,118410,118412,118414,118416,118418,118420,118422,118424,118426,118428,118430],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,118395,3959],{"class":59},[53,118397,31],{"class":63},[53,118399,67],{"class":66},[53,118401,229],{"class":228},[53,118403,78459],{"class":232},[53,118405,229],{"class":228},[53,118407,74],{"class":66},[53,118409,240],{"class":228},[53,118411,38232],{"class":232},[53,118413,229],{"class":228},[53,118415,74],{"class":66},[53,118417,240],{"class":228},[53,118419,243],{"class":232},[53,118421,229],{"class":228},[53,118423,74],{"class":66},[53,118425,240],{"class":228},[53,118427,38215],{"class":232},[53,118429,229],{"class":228},[53,118431,85],{"class":66},[53,118433,118434],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,118435,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,118437,118438,118440,118442,118444,118446,118448,118450,118452,118454,118456],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,118439,2117],{"class":59},[53,118441,31],{"class":63},[53,118443,74273],{"class":144},[53,118445,127],{"class":66},[53,118447,4001],{"class":102},[53,118449,74],{"class":66},[53,118451,21448],{"class":9063},[53,118453,31],{"class":63},[53,118455,11050],{"class":144},[53,118457,133],{"class":66},[53,118459,118460,118462,118464,118466],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,118461,145],{"class":144},[53,118463,127],{"class":66},[53,118465,2152],{"class":102},[53,118467,133],{"class":66},[20,118469,301],{},[44,118471,118473],{"className":46,"code":118472,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,118474,118475],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,118476,118477,118479,118481,118483,118485,118487,118489,118491,118493,118495,118497,118499,118501,118503,118505,118507,118509],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,118478,311],{"class":66},[53,118480,314],{"class":228},[53,118482,38232],{"class":232},[53,118484,314],{"class":228},[53,118486,74],{"class":66},[53,118488,323],{"class":228},[53,118490,78459],{"class":232},[53,118492,314],{"class":228},[53,118494,74],{"class":66},[53,118496,323],{"class":228},[53,118498,38215],{"class":232},[53,118500,314],{"class":228},[53,118502,74],{"class":66},[53,118504,323],{"class":228},[53,118506,243],{"class":232},[53,118508,314],{"class":228},[53,118510,85],{"class":66},[20,118512,20639,118513,118515],{},[15,118514,11050],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,118517,118518],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[44,118520,118522],{"className":46,"code":118521,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118523,118524,118557,118561,118587],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,118525,118526,118528,118530,118532,118534,118536,118538,118540,118542,118544,118546,118548,118550,118553,118555],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,118527,3959],{"class":59},[53,118529,31],{"class":63},[53,118531,67],{"class":66},[53,118533,229],{"class":228},[53,118535,83078],{"class":232},[53,118537,229],{"class":228},[53,118539,74],{"class":66},[53,118541,240],{"class":228},[53,118543,233],{"class":232},[53,118545,229],{"class":228},[53,118547,74],{"class":66},[53,118549,240],{"class":228},[53,118551,118552],{"class":232},"Cherry",[53,118554,229],{"class":228},[53,118556,85],{"class":66},[53,118558,118559],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,118560,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,118562,118563,118565,118567,118569,118571,118573,118575,118577,118579,118581,118583,118585],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,118564,2117],{"class":59},[53,118566,31],{"class":63},[53,118568,74273],{"class":144},[53,118570,127],{"class":66},[53,118572,4001],{"class":102},[53,118574,74],{"class":66},[53,118576,21448],{"class":9063},[53,118578,31],{"class":63},[53,118580,3330],{"class":1704},[53,118582,99],{"class":66},[53,118584,8527],{"class":24620},[53,118586,133],{"class":66},[53,118588,118589,118591,118593,118595],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,118590,145],{"class":144},[53,118592,127],{"class":66},[53,118594,2152],{"class":102},[53,118596,133],{"class":66},[20,118598,301],{},[44,118600,118602],{"className":46,"code":118601,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,118603,118604],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,118605,118606,118608,118610,118612,118614,118616,118618,118620,118622,118624,118626,118628,118630],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,118607,311],{"class":66},[53,118609,314],{"class":228},[53,118611,233],{"class":232},[53,118613,314],{"class":228},[53,118615,74],{"class":66},[53,118617,323],{"class":228},[53,118619,83078],{"class":232},[53,118621,314],{"class":228},[53,118623,74],{"class":66},[53,118625,323],{"class":228},[53,118627,118552],{"class":232},[53,118629,314],{"class":228},[53,118631,85],{"class":66},[20,118633,118634,118635,35204,118637,99],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,118636,42232],{},[758,118638,3463,118639,3396],{"href":42229},[15,118640,42232],{},[39,118642,118644,10474,118646],{"id":118643},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,118645,74139],{},[15,118647,77582],{},[20,118649,118650],{},"The main difference is this:",[194,118652,118653,118658],{},[197,118654,118655,118657],{},[15,118656,74139],{}," returns a new list",[197,118659,118660,73677],{},[15,118661,77582],{},[20,118663,118664],{},"Also:",[194,118666,118667,118672],{},[197,118668,118669,118671],{},[15,118670,74139],{}," works with many iterables",[197,118673,118674,79015],{},[15,118675,77582],{},[20,118677,174,118678,1152],{},[15,118679,74139],{},[194,118681,118682,118685],{},[197,118683,118684],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[197,118686,118687],{},"your data is not a list",[20,118689,118690,118691,99],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[758,118692,3463,118693,10474,118695,5668],{"href":78840},[15,118694,74139],{},[15,118696,77582],{},[39,118698,118700],{"id":118699},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,118702,118703,118704,99],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,118705,74139],{},[1327,118707,118709],{"id":118708},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,118711,118712,118713,192],{},"This can raise a ",[15,118714,2892],{},[44,118716,118718],{"className":46,"code":118717,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118719,118720,118744],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,118721,118722,118724,118726,118728,118730,118732,118734,118736,118738,118740,118742],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,118723,3709],{"class":59},[53,118725,31],{"class":63},[53,118727,67],{"class":66},[53,118729,71],{"class":70},[53,118731,74],{"class":66},[53,118733,240],{"class":228},[53,118735,1589],{"class":232},[53,118737,229],{"class":228},[53,118739,74],{"class":66},[53,118741,82],{"class":70},[53,118743,85],{"class":66},[53,118745,118746,118748,118750,118752,118754,118756],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,118747,145],{"class":144},[53,118749,127],{"class":66},[53,118751,74229],{"class":144},[53,118753,127],{"class":66},[53,118755,5242],{"class":102},[53,118757,1713],{"class":66},[20,118759,118760],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[1327,118762,118764,118765,2191],{"id":118763},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,118766,14714],{},[20,118768,118769],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,118771,211],{},[44,118773,118775],{"className":46,"code":118774,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,118776,118777,118797],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,118778,118779,118781,118783,118785,118787,118789,118791,118793,118795],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,118780,60],{"class":59},[53,118782,31],{"class":63},[53,118784,67],{"class":66},[53,118786,1188],{"class":70},[53,118788,74],{"class":66},[53,118790,77],{"class":70},[53,118792,74],{"class":66},[53,118794,1198],{"class":70},[53,118796,85],{"class":66},[53,118798,118799,118801,118803,118805,118807,118809,118811,118813,118815,118817],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,118800,145],{"class":144},[53,118802,127],{"class":66},[53,118804,74229],{"class":144},[53,118806,127],{"class":66},[53,118808,150],{"class":102},[53,118810,74],{"class":66},[53,118812,21448],{"class":9063},[53,118814,31],{"class":63},[53,118816,11050],{"class":144},[53,118818,1713],{"class":66},[20,118820,48383,118821,118823],{},[15,118822,42232],{}," does not work on integers.",[1327,118825,118827],{"id":118826},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,118829,118830],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[44,118832,118834],{"className":46,"code":118833,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,118835,118836,118856,118866,118870],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,118837,118838,118840,118842,118844,118846,118848,118850,118852,118854],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,118839,60],{"class":59},[53,118841,31],{"class":63},[53,118843,67],{"class":66},[53,118845,815],{"class":70},[53,118847,74],{"class":66},[53,118849,5382],{"class":70},[53,118851,74],{"class":66},[53,118853,77],{"class":70},[53,118855,85],{"class":66},[53,118857,118858,118860,118862,118864],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,118859,74229],{"class":144},[53,118861,127],{"class":66},[53,118863,150],{"class":102},[53,118865,133],{"class":66},[53,118867,118868],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,118869,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,118871,118872,118874,118876,118878],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,118873,145],{"class":144},[53,118875,127],{"class":66},[53,118877,150],{"class":102},[53,118879,133],{"class":66},[20,118881,301],{},[44,118883,118885],{"className":46,"code":118884,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,118886,118887],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,118888,118889,118891,118893,118895,118897,118899,118901],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,118890,311],{"class":66},[53,118892,815],{"class":70},[53,118894,74],{"class":66},[53,118896,5382],{"class":70},[53,118898,74],{"class":66},[53,118900,77],{"class":70},[53,118902,85],{"class":66},[20,118904,118905],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[39,118907,2716],{"id":2715},[194,118909,118910,118914,118917,118922,118926],{},[197,118911,4465,118912,73677],{},[15,118913,74139],{},[197,118915,118916],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[197,118918,4590,118919,118921],{},[15,118920,74139],{}," always returns a list",[197,118923,485,118924,22973],{},[15,118925,118374],{},[197,118927,29521,118928,118930,118931],{},[15,118929,64026],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,118932,74139],{},[20,118934,118935],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[44,118937,118939],{"className":46,"code":118938,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,118940,118941,118963,118989,119027],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,118942,118943,118945,118947,118949,118951,118953,118955,118957,118959,118961],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,118944,145],{"class":144},[53,118946,127],{"class":66},[53,118948,74229],{"class":144},[53,118950,2873],{"class":66},[53,118952,815],{"class":70},[53,118954,74],{"class":66},[53,118956,5382],{"class":70},[53,118958,74],{"class":66},[53,118960,77],{"class":70},[53,118962,2886],{"class":66},[53,118964,118965,118967,118969,118971,118973,118975,118977,118979,118981,118983,118985,118987],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,118966,145],{"class":144},[53,118968,127],{"class":66},[53,118970,1705],{"class":1704},[53,118972,127],{"class":66},[53,118974,74229],{"class":144},[53,118976,5395],{"class":66},[53,118978,815],{"class":70},[53,118980,74],{"class":66},[53,118982,5382],{"class":70},[53,118984,74],{"class":66},[53,118986,77],{"class":70},[53,118988,93082],{"class":66},[53,118990,118991,118993,118995,118997,118999,119001,119003,119005,119007,119009,119011,119013,119015,119017,119019,119021,119023,119025],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,118992,145],{"class":144},[53,118994,127],{"class":66},[53,118996,74229],{"class":144},[53,118998,2873],{"class":66},[53,119000,314],{"class":228},[53,119002,83078],{"class":232},[53,119004,314],{"class":228},[53,119006,74],{"class":66},[53,119008,323],{"class":228},[53,119010,233],{"class":232},[53,119012,314],{"class":228},[53,119014,810],{"class":66},[53,119016,21448],{"class":9063},[53,119018,31],{"class":63},[53,119020,3330],{"class":1704},[53,119022,99],{"class":66},[53,119024,8527],{"class":24620},[53,119026,1713],{"class":66},[53,119028,119029,119031,119033,119035,119037,119039,119041,119043,119045,119047,119049,119051,119053,119055],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,119030,145],{"class":144},[53,119032,127],{"class":66},[53,119034,74229],{"class":144},[53,119036,2873],{"class":66},[53,119038,815],{"class":70},[53,119040,74],{"class":66},[53,119042,5382],{"class":70},[53,119044,74],{"class":66},[53,119046,77],{"class":70},[53,119048,810],{"class":66},[53,119050,77785],{"class":9063},[53,119052,31],{"class":63},[53,119054,3492],{"class":3739},[53,119056,1713],{"class":66},[20,119058,119059,119060,99],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[758,119061,761],{"href":760},[39,119063,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,119065,1729,119067,1732],{"id":119066},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,119068,74139],{},[20,119070,119071],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1327,119073,5025,119075,12603],{"id":119074},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,119076,74139],{},[20,119078,119079],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[1327,119081,119083,119084,10980,119086,1744],{"id":119082},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,119085,74139],{},[15,119087,77582],{},[20,119089,174,119090,119092],{},[15,119091,74139],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[1327,119094,5025,119096,86166,119098,1744],{"id":119095},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,119097,118374],{},[15,119099,74139],{},[20,119101,119102],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[1327,119104,5041,119106,119108,119109,1744],{"id":119105},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,119107,74139],{}," give a ",[15,119110,2892],{},[20,119112,119113],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[39,119115,1788],{"id":1787},[194,119117,119118,119122,119130,119134,119140,119146],{},[197,119119,119120],{},[758,119121,79588],{"href":78091},[197,119123,119124],{},[758,119125,3463,119126,10474,119128,5668],{"href":78840},[15,119127,74139],{},[15,119129,77582],{},[197,119131,119132],{},[758,119133,761],{"href":760},[197,119135,119136],{},[758,119137,3463,119138,3396],{"href":42229},[15,119139,42232],{},[197,119141,119142],{},[758,119143,3463,119144,3396],{"href":91738},[15,119145,35624],{},[197,119147,119148],{},[758,119149,3463,119150,3396],{"href":36070},[15,119151,36073],{},[1817,119153,119154],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":119156},[119157,119158,119160,119163,119164,119171,119173,119175,119177,119183,119184,119196],{"id":3496,"depth":88,"text":3497},{"id":117437,"depth":88,"text":119159},"What sorted() does",{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372,"children":119161},[119162],{"id":17264,"depth":109,"text":17265},{"id":11363,"depth":88,"text":11364},{"id":117676,"depth":88,"text":117677,"children":119165},[119166,119167,119168,119169,119170],{"id":7979,"depth":109,"text":117685},{"id":48826,"depth":109,"text":117749},{"id":6173,"depth":109,"text":117846},{"id":60888,"depth":109,"text":117910},{"id":15475,"depth":109,"text":29094},{"id":118115,"depth":88,"text":119172},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118371,"depth":88,"text":119174},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118643,"depth":88,"text":119176},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118699,"depth":88,"text":118700,"children":119178},[119179,119180,119182],{"id":118708,"depth":109,"text":118709},{"id":118763,"depth":109,"text":119181},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":118826,"depth":109,"text":118827},{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":119185},[119186,119188,119190,119192,119194],{"id":119066,"depth":109,"text":119187},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119074,"depth":109,"text":119189},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119082,"depth":109,"text":119191},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119095,"depth":109,"text":119193},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119105,"depth":109,"text":119195},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117339,"description":119197},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119204,"title":119205,"body":119206,"description":121317,"extension":1853,"meta":121318,"navigation":112,"path":78840,"seo":121319,"stem":121320,"__hash__":121321},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119207,"toc":121264},[119208,119215,119218,119228,119234,119237,119255,119263,119265,119324,119332,119336,119358,119362,119366,119368,119385,119387,119399,119405,119489,119493,119540,119546,119553,119557,119562,119564,119576,119581,119634,119638,119658,119665,119672,119676,119679,119698,119702,119816,119820,119890,119892,119904,119909,119913,119926,119930,120005,120009,120048,120055,120061,120066,120070,120084,120088,120153,120157,120190,120193,120198,120206,120213,120226,120229,120233,120316,120320,120357,120361,120464,120468,120529,120534,120541,120545,120548,120554,120557,120624,120628,120652,120654,120672,120679,120732,120736,120756,120762,120764,120821,120828,120854,120859,120864,120872,120878,120938,120942,120989,120992,120994,120997,121023,121026,121119,121121,121141,121145,121148,121166,121172,121174,121182,121187,121194,121197,121203,121206,121212,121220,121228,121233,121235,121261],[10,119209,3463,119211,10474,119213,92796],{"id":119210},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,119212,74139],{},[15,119214,77582],{},[20,119216,119217],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[194,119219,119220,119224],{},[197,119221,119222],{},[15,119223,74139],{},[197,119225,119226],{},[15,119227,77582],{},[20,119229,119230,119231,119233],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[34,119232,36],{}," behave the same way.",[20,119235,119236],{},"The main difference is simple:",[194,119238,119239,119247],{},[197,119240,174,119241,119243,119244],{},[15,119242,74139],{}," when you want a ",[34,119245,119246],{},"new sorted result",[197,119248,174,119249,119251,119252],{},[15,119250,77582],{}," when you want to ",[34,119253,119254],{},"change the original list",[20,119256,119257,119258,2285,119260,119262],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,119259,77582],{},[15,119261,3664],{}," and causes confusion.",[39,119264,3497],{"id":3496},[44,119266,119268],{"className":46,"code":119267,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,119269,119270,119290,119294,119311],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,119271,119272,119274,119276,119278,119280,119282,119284,119286,119288],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,119273,60],{"class":59},[53,119275,31],{"class":63},[53,119277,67],{"class":66},[53,119279,815],{"class":70},[53,119281,74],{"class":66},[53,119283,5382],{"class":70},[53,119285,74],{"class":66},[53,119287,77],{"class":70},[53,119289,85],{"class":66},[53,119291,119292],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,119293,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,119295,119296,119298,119300,119302,119304,119306,119308],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,119297,385],{"class":59},[53,119299,31],{"class":63},[53,119301,74273],{"class":144},[53,119303,127],{"class":66},[53,119305,150],{"class":102},[53,119307,153],{"class":66},[53,119309,119310],{"class":156},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[53,119312,119313,119315,119317,119319,119321],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,119314,150],{"class":59},[53,119316,99],{"class":66},[53,119318,34673],{"class":102},[53,119320,7253],{"class":66},[53,119322,119323],{"class":156},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,119325,174,119326,119328,119329,119331],{},[15,119327,74139],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,119330,77582],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[39,119333,119335],{"id":119334},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[194,119337,119338,119343,119348,119355],{},[197,119339,174,119340,119342],{},[15,119341,74139],{}," to get a new sorted list",[197,119344,174,119345,119347],{},[15,119346,77582],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[197,119349,119350,119351,2285,119353],{},"Understand why ",[15,119352,77582],{},[15,119354,3664],{},[197,119356,119357],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[39,119359,184,119360,187],{"id":117437},[15,119361,74139],{},[20,119363,119364,62640],{},[15,119365,74139],{},[20,119367,48800],{},[194,119369,119370,119376,119382],{},[197,119371,119372,119373],{},"returns a ",[34,119374,119375],{},"new list",[197,119377,119378,119379,119381],{},"does ",[34,119380,36],{}," change the original data",[197,119383,119384],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,119386,51005],{},[194,119388,119389,119391,119393,119395,119397],{},[197,119390,5183],{},[197,119392,5186],{},[197,119394,5192],{},[197,119396,5189],{},[197,119398,35785],{},[1327,119400,34952,119402,119404],{"id":119401},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,119403,74139],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[44,119406,119408],{"className":46,"code":119407,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,119409,119410,119430,119434,119448,119452,119470],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,119411,119412,119414,119416,119418,119420,119422,119424,119426,119428],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,119413,60],{"class":59},[53,119415,31],{"class":63},[53,119417,67],{"class":66},[53,119419,815],{"class":70},[53,119421,74],{"class":66},[53,119423,5382],{"class":70},[53,119425,74],{"class":66},[53,119427,77],{"class":70},[53,119429,85],{"class":66},[53,119431,119432],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,119433,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,119435,119436,119438,119440,119442,119444,119446],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,119437,2117],{"class":59},[53,119439,31],{"class":63},[53,119441,74273],{"class":144},[53,119443,127],{"class":66},[53,119445,150],{"class":102},[53,119447,133],{"class":66},[53,119449,119450],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,119451,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,119453,119454,119456,119458,119460,119462,119464,119466,119468],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,119455,145],{"class":144},[53,119457,127],{"class":66},[53,119459,229],{"class":228},[53,119461,12042],{"class":232},[53,119463,229],{"class":228},[53,119465,74],{"class":66},[53,119467,96],{"class":102},[53,119469,133],{"class":66},[53,119471,119472,119474,119476,119478,119481,119483,119485,119487],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,119473,145],{"class":144},[53,119475,127],{"class":66},[53,119477,229],{"class":228},[53,119479,119480],{"class":232},"sorted result:",[53,119482,229],{"class":228},[53,119484,74],{"class":66},[53,119486,80932],{"class":102},[53,119488,133],{"class":66},[20,119490,119491],{},[34,119492,301],{},[44,119494,119496],{"className":46,"code":119495,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,119497,119498,119518],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,119499,119500,119502,119504,119506,119508,119510,119512,119514,119516],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,119501,877],{"class":59},[53,119503,192],{"class":66},[53,119505,67],{"class":66},[53,119507,815],{"class":70},[53,119509,74],{"class":66},[53,119511,5382],{"class":70},[53,119513,74],{"class":66},[53,119515,77],{"class":70},[53,119517,85],{"class":66},[53,119519,119520,119522,119524,119526,119528,119530,119532,119534,119536,119538],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,119521,74229],{"class":144},[53,119523,80932],{"class":59},[53,119525,192],{"class":66},[53,119527,67],{"class":66},[53,119529,71],{"class":70},[53,119531,74],{"class":66},[53,119533,77],{"class":70},[53,119535,74],{"class":66},[53,119537,82],{"class":70},[53,119539,85],{"class":66},[20,119541,119542,119543,119545],{},"The important part is that ",[15,119544,150],{}," stays the same.",[20,119547,119548,119549,99],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[758,119550,3463,119551,3396],{"href":74236},[15,119552,74139],{},[39,119554,184,119555,187],{"id":77648},[15,119556,77582],{},[20,119558,119559,119561],{},[15,119560,64026],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,119563,48800],{},[194,119565,119566,119569,119572],{},[197,119567,119568],{},"changes the original list directly",[197,119570,119571],{},"only works on lists",[197,119573,3577,119574],{},[15,119575,3664],{},[1327,119577,34952,119579,73677],{"id":119578},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,119580,77582],{},[44,119582,119584],{"className":46,"code":119583,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119585,119586,119606,119610,119620,119624],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,119587,119588,119590,119592,119594,119596,119598,119600,119602,119604],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,119589,60],{"class":59},[53,119591,31],{"class":63},[53,119593,67],{"class":66},[53,119595,815],{"class":70},[53,119597,74],{"class":66},[53,119599,5382],{"class":70},[53,119601,74],{"class":66},[53,119603,77],{"class":70},[53,119605,85],{"class":66},[53,119607,119608],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,119609,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,119611,119612,119614,119616,119618],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,119613,150],{"class":59},[53,119615,99],{"class":66},[53,119617,34673],{"class":102},[53,119619,106],{"class":66},[53,119621,119622],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,119623,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,119625,119626,119628,119630,119632],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,119627,145],{"class":144},[53,119629,127],{"class":66},[53,119631,150],{"class":102},[53,119633,133],{"class":66},[20,119635,119636],{},[34,119637,301],{},[44,119639,119640],{"className":46,"code":55015,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,119641,119642],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,119643,119644,119646,119648,119650,119652,119654,119656],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,119645,311],{"class":66},[53,119647,71],{"class":70},[53,119649,74],{"class":66},[53,119651,77],{"class":70},[53,119653,74],{"class":66},[53,119655,82],{"class":70},[53,119657,85],{"class":66},[20,119659,119660,119661,119664],{},"After calling ",[15,119662,119663],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,119666,119667,119668,99],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[758,119669,3463,119670,1316],{"href":74490},[15,119671,77582],{},[39,119673,119675],{"id":119674},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,119677,119678],{},"Here is the core difference:",[194,119680,119681,119690],{},[197,119682,119683,119686,119687],{},[15,119684,119685],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[34,119688,119689],{},"new sorted list",[197,119691,119692,119695,119696,74047],{},[15,119693,119694],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,119697,8225],{},[1327,119699,119701],{"id":119700},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[44,119703,119705],{"className":46,"code":119704,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,119706,119707,119727,119731,119745,119764,119783,119787,119797],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,119708,119709,119711,119713,119715,119717,119719,119721,119723,119725],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,119710,60],{"class":59},[53,119712,31],{"class":63},[53,119714,67],{"class":66},[53,119716,2024],{"class":70},[53,119718,74],{"class":66},[53,119720,77],{"class":70},[53,119722,74],{"class":66},[53,119724,597],{"class":70},[53,119726,85],{"class":66},[53,119728,119729],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,119730,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,119732,119733,119735,119737,119739,119741,119743],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,119734,1345],{"class":59},[53,119736,31],{"class":63},[53,119738,74273],{"class":144},[53,119740,127],{"class":66},[53,119742,150],{"class":102},[53,119744,133],{"class":66},[53,119746,119747,119749,119751,119753,119756,119758,119760,119762],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,119748,145],{"class":144},[53,119750,127],{"class":66},[53,119752,229],{"class":228},[53,119754,119755],{"class":232},"numbers after sorted():",[53,119757,229],{"class":228},[53,119759,74],{"class":66},[53,119761,96],{"class":102},[53,119763,133],{"class":66},[53,119765,119766,119768,119770,119772,119775,119777,119779,119781],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,119767,145],{"class":144},[53,119769,127],{"class":66},[53,119771,229],{"class":228},[53,119773,119774],{"class":232},"a:",[53,119776,229],{"class":228},[53,119778,74],{"class":66},[53,119780,1442],{"class":102},[53,119782,133],{"class":66},[53,119784,119785],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,119786,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,119788,119789,119791,119793,119795],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,119790,150],{"class":59},[53,119792,99],{"class":66},[53,119794,34673],{"class":102},[53,119796,106],{"class":66},[53,119798,119799,119801,119803,119805,119808,119810,119812,119814],{"class":55,"line":6312},[53,119800,145],{"class":144},[53,119802,127],{"class":66},[53,119804,229],{"class":228},[53,119806,119807],{"class":232},"numbers after sort():",[53,119809,229],{"class":228},[53,119811,74],{"class":66},[53,119813,96],{"class":102},[53,119815,133],{"class":66},[20,119817,119818],{},[34,119819,301],{},[44,119821,119823],{"className":46,"code":119822,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,119824,119825,119848,119868],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,119826,119827,119830,119832,119834,119836,119838,119840,119842,119844,119846],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,119828,119829],{"class":59},"numbers after ",[53,119831,74229],{"class":144},[53,119833,29455],{"class":66},[53,119835,67],{"class":66},[53,119837,2024],{"class":70},[53,119839,74],{"class":66},[53,119841,77],{"class":70},[53,119843,74],{"class":66},[53,119845,597],{"class":70},[53,119847,85],{"class":66},[53,119849,119850,119852,119854,119856,119858,119860,119862,119864,119866],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,119851,758],{"class":59},[53,119853,192],{"class":66},[53,119855,67],{"class":66},[53,119857,1589],{"class":70},[53,119859,74],{"class":66},[53,119861,597],{"class":70},[53,119863,74],{"class":66},[53,119865,4491],{"class":70},[53,119867,85],{"class":66},[53,119869,119870,119872,119874,119876,119878,119880,119882,119884,119886,119888],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,119871,119829],{"class":59},[53,119873,34673],{"class":102},[53,119875,29455],{"class":66},[53,119877,67],{"class":66},[53,119879,1589],{"class":70},[53,119881,74],{"class":66},[53,119883,597],{"class":70},[53,119885,74],{"class":66},[53,119887,4491],{"class":70},[53,119889,85],{"class":66},[20,119891,10601],{},[194,119893,119894,119899],{},[197,119895,119896,119898],{},[15,119897,74139],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[197,119900,119901,119903],{},[15,119902,64026],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[39,119905,1145,119907],{"id":119906},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,119908,74139],{},[20,119910,174,119911,1152],{},[15,119912,74139],{},[194,119914,119915,119918,119920,119923],{},[197,119916,119917],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[197,119919,118687],{},[197,119921,119922],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[197,119924,119925],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[1327,119927,119929],{"id":119928},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[44,119931,119933],{"className":46,"code":119932,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,119934,119935,119959,119963,119977,119981,119991],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,119936,119937,119939,119941,119943,119945,119947,119949,119951,119953,119955,119957],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,119938,60],{"class":59},[53,119940,31],{"class":63},[53,119942,9124],{"class":66},[53,119944,130],{"class":70},[53,119946,74],{"class":66},[53,119948,5382],{"class":70},[53,119950,74],{"class":66},[53,119952,82],{"class":70},[53,119954,74],{"class":66},[53,119956,77],{"class":70},[53,119958,133],{"class":66},[53,119960,119961],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,119962,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,119964,119965,119967,119969,119971,119973,119975],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,119966,2117],{"class":59},[53,119968,31],{"class":63},[53,119970,74273],{"class":144},[53,119972,127],{"class":66},[53,119974,150],{"class":102},[53,119976,133],{"class":66},[53,119978,119979],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,119980,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,119982,119983,119985,119987,119989],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,119984,145],{"class":144},[53,119986,127],{"class":66},[53,119988,2152],{"class":102},[53,119990,133],{"class":66},[53,119992,119993,119995,119997,119999,120001,120003],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,119994,145],{"class":144},[53,119996,127],{"class":66},[53,119998,1705],{"class":1704},[53,120000,127],{"class":66},[53,120002,2152],{"class":102},[53,120004,1713],{"class":66},[20,120006,120007],{},[34,120008,301],{},[44,120010,120012],{"className":46,"code":120011,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120013,120014,120034],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,120015,120016,120018,120020,120022,120024,120026,120028,120030,120032],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,120017,311],{"class":66},[53,120019,71],{"class":70},[53,120021,74],{"class":66},[53,120023,77],{"class":70},[53,120025,74],{"class":66},[53,120027,82],{"class":70},[53,120029,74],{"class":66},[53,120031,597],{"class":70},[53,120033,85],{"class":66},[53,120035,120036,120038,120040,120042,120044,120046],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,120037,3178],{"class":63},[53,120039,3181],{"class":1954},[53,120041,323],{"class":228},[53,120043,7979],{"class":232},[53,120045,314],{"class":228},[53,120047,3190],{"class":63},[20,120049,2174,120050,120052,120053,99],{},[15,120051,74139],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[34,120054,7979],{},[20,120056,120057,120058,120060],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[758,120059,761],{"href":760}," is a helpful next step.",[39,120062,1145,120064],{"id":120063},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,120065,77582],{},[20,120067,174,120068,1152],{},[15,120069,77582],{},[194,120071,120072,120075,120078,120081],{},[197,120073,120074],{},"you already have a list",[197,120076,120077],{},"you want to update that list directly",[197,120079,120080],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[197,120082,120083],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[1327,120085,120087],{"id":120086},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[44,120089,120091],{"className":46,"code":120090,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,120092,120093,120125,120129,120139,120143],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,120094,120095,120097,120099,120101,120103,120105,120107,120109,120111,120113,120115,120117,120119,120121,120123],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,120096,4880],{"class":59},[53,120098,31],{"class":63},[53,120100,67],{"class":66},[53,120102,229],{"class":228},[53,120104,4906],{"class":232},[53,120106,229],{"class":228},[53,120108,74],{"class":66},[53,120110,240],{"class":228},[53,120112,1679],{"class":232},[53,120114,229],{"class":228},[53,120116,74],{"class":66},[53,120118,240],{"class":228},[53,120120,4897],{"class":232},[53,120122,229],{"class":228},[53,120124,85],{"class":66},[53,120126,120127],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,120128,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,120130,120131,120133,120135,120137],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,120132,4923],{"class":59},[53,120134,99],{"class":66},[53,120136,34673],{"class":102},[53,120138,106],{"class":66},[53,120140,120141],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,120142,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,120144,120145,120147,120149,120151],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,120146,145],{"class":144},[53,120148,127],{"class":66},[53,120150,4923],{"class":102},[53,120152,133],{"class":66},[20,120154,120155],{},[34,120156,301],{},[44,120158,120160],{"className":46,"code":120159,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,120161,120162],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,120163,120164,120166,120168,120170,120172,120174,120176,120178,120180,120182,120184,120186,120188],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,120165,311],{"class":66},[53,120167,314],{"class":228},[53,120169,1679],{"class":232},[53,120171,314],{"class":228},[53,120173,74],{"class":66},[53,120175,323],{"class":228},[53,120177,4897],{"class":232},[53,120179,314],{"class":228},[53,120181,74],{"class":66},[53,120183,323],{"class":228},[53,120185,4906],{"class":232},[53,120187,314],{"class":228},[53,120189,85],{"class":66},[20,120191,120192],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,120194,120195,120196,99],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[758,120197,79588],{"href":78091},[39,120199,120201,960,120203,120205],{"id":120200},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,120202,73292],{},[15,120204,14714],{}," work with both",[20,120207,10479,120208,960,120210,120212],{},[15,120209,74139],{},[15,120211,77582],{}," support:",[194,120214,120215,120220],{},[197,120216,120217,120219],{},[15,120218,77806],{}," for descending order",[197,120221,120222,120225],{},[15,120223,120224],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,120227,120228],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[1327,120230,120232],{"id":120231},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[44,120234,120236],{"className":46,"code":120235,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120237,120238,120258,120262,120284,120288,120306],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,120239,120240,120242,120244,120246,120248,120250,120252,120254,120256],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,120241,60],{"class":59},[53,120243,31],{"class":63},[53,120245,67],{"class":66},[53,120247,815],{"class":70},[53,120249,74],{"class":66},[53,120251,5382],{"class":70},[53,120253,74],{"class":66},[53,120255,77],{"class":70},[53,120257,85],{"class":66},[53,120259,120260],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,120261,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,120263,120264,120266,120268,120270,120272,120274,120276,120278,120280,120282],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,120265,145],{"class":144},[53,120267,127],{"class":66},[53,120269,74229],{"class":144},[53,120271,127],{"class":66},[53,120273,150],{"class":102},[53,120275,74],{"class":66},[53,120277,77785],{"class":9063},[53,120279,31],{"class":63},[53,120281,3492],{"class":3739},[53,120283,1713],{"class":66},[53,120285,120286],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,120287,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,120289,120290,120292,120294,120296,120298,120300,120302,120304],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,120291,150],{"class":59},[53,120293,99],{"class":66},[53,120295,34673],{"class":102},[53,120297,127],{"class":66},[53,120299,73292],{"class":9063},[53,120301,31],{"class":63},[53,120303,3492],{"class":3739},[53,120305,133],{"class":66},[53,120307,120308,120310,120312,120314],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,120309,145],{"class":144},[53,120311,127],{"class":66},[53,120313,150],{"class":102},[53,120315,133],{"class":66},[20,120317,120318],{},[34,120319,301],{},[44,120321,120323],{"className":46,"code":120322,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,120324,120325,120341],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,120326,120327,120329,120331,120333,120335,120337,120339],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,120328,311],{"class":66},[53,120330,815],{"class":70},[53,120332,74],{"class":66},[53,120334,77],{"class":70},[53,120336,74],{"class":66},[53,120338,5382],{"class":70},[53,120340,85],{"class":66},[53,120342,120343,120345,120347,120349,120351,120353,120355],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,120344,311],{"class":66},[53,120346,815],{"class":70},[53,120348,74],{"class":66},[53,120350,77],{"class":70},[53,120352,74],{"class":66},[53,120354,5382],{"class":70},[53,120356,85],{"class":66},[1327,120358,120360],{"id":120359},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[44,120362,120364],{"className":46,"code":120363,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,120365,120366,120398,120402,120428,120432,120454],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,120367,120368,120370,120372,120374,120376,120378,120380,120382,120384,120386,120388,120390,120392,120394,120396],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,120369,3959],{"class":59},[53,120371,31],{"class":63},[53,120373,67],{"class":66},[53,120375,229],{"class":228},[53,120377,83078],{"class":232},[53,120379,229],{"class":228},[53,120381,74],{"class":66},[53,120383,240],{"class":228},[53,120385,233],{"class":232},[53,120387,229],{"class":228},[53,120389,74],{"class":66},[53,120391,240],{"class":228},[53,120393,118552],{"class":232},[53,120395,229],{"class":228},[53,120397,85],{"class":66},[53,120399,120400],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,120401,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,120403,120404,120406,120408,120410,120412,120414,120416,120418,120420,120422,120424,120426],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,120405,145],{"class":144},[53,120407,127],{"class":66},[53,120409,74229],{"class":144},[53,120411,127],{"class":66},[53,120413,4001],{"class":102},[53,120415,74],{"class":66},[53,120417,21448],{"class":9063},[53,120419,31],{"class":63},[53,120421,3330],{"class":1704},[53,120423,99],{"class":66},[53,120425,8527],{"class":24620},[53,120427,1713],{"class":66},[53,120429,120430],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,120431,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,120433,120434,120436,120438,120440,120442,120444,120446,120448,120450,120452],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,120435,4001],{"class":59},[53,120437,99],{"class":66},[53,120439,34673],{"class":102},[53,120441,127],{"class":66},[53,120443,14714],{"class":9063},[53,120445,31],{"class":63},[53,120447,3330],{"class":1704},[53,120449,99],{"class":66},[53,120451,8527],{"class":24620},[53,120453,133],{"class":66},[53,120455,120456,120458,120460,120462],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,120457,145],{"class":144},[53,120459,127],{"class":66},[53,120461,4001],{"class":102},[53,120463,133],{"class":66},[20,120465,120466],{},[34,120467,301],{},[44,120469,120471],{"className":46,"code":120470,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120472,120473,120501],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,120474,120475,120477,120479,120481,120483,120485,120487,120489,120491,120493,120495,120497,120499],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,120476,311],{"class":66},[53,120478,314],{"class":228},[53,120480,233],{"class":232},[53,120482,314],{"class":228},[53,120484,74],{"class":66},[53,120486,323],{"class":228},[53,120488,83078],{"class":232},[53,120490,314],{"class":228},[53,120492,74],{"class":66},[53,120494,323],{"class":228},[53,120496,118552],{"class":232},[53,120498,314],{"class":228},[53,120500,85],{"class":66},[53,120502,120503,120505,120507,120509,120511,120513,120515,120517,120519,120521,120523,120525,120527],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,120504,311],{"class":66},[53,120506,314],{"class":228},[53,120508,233],{"class":232},[53,120510,314],{"class":228},[53,120512,74],{"class":66},[53,120514,323],{"class":228},[53,120516,83078],{"class":232},[53,120518,314],{"class":228},[53,120520,74],{"class":66},[53,120522,323],{"class":228},[53,120524,118552],{"class":232},[53,120526,314],{"class":228},[53,120528,85],{"class":66},[20,120530,485,120531,120533],{},[15,120532,78300],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,120535,120536,120537,99],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[758,120538,120540],{"href":120539},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[39,120542,120544],{"id":120543},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,120546,120547],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[1327,120549,120551,120552,12485],{"id":120550},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,120553,77582],{},[20,120555,120556],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[44,120558,120560],{"className":46,"code":120559,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120561,120562,120582,120586,120600,120604,120614],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,120563,120564,120566,120568,120570,120572,120574,120576,120578,120580],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,120565,60],{"class":59},[53,120567,31],{"class":63},[53,120569,67],{"class":66},[53,120571,815],{"class":70},[53,120573,74],{"class":66},[53,120575,5382],{"class":70},[53,120577,74],{"class":66},[53,120579,77],{"class":70},[53,120581,85],{"class":66},[53,120583,120584],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,120585,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,120587,120588,120590,120592,120594,120596,120598],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,120589,2117],{"class":59},[53,120591,31],{"class":63},[53,120593,96],{"class":59},[53,120595,99],{"class":66},[53,120597,34673],{"class":102},[53,120599,106],{"class":66},[53,120601,120602],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,120603,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,120605,120606,120608,120610,120612],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,120607,145],{"class":144},[53,120609,127],{"class":66},[53,120611,2152],{"class":102},[53,120613,133],{"class":66},[53,120615,120616,120618,120620,120622],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,120617,145],{"class":144},[53,120619,127],{"class":66},[53,120621,150],{"class":102},[53,120623,133],{"class":66},[20,120625,120626],{},[34,120627,301],{},[44,120629,120630],{"className":46,"code":78923,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,120631,120632,120636],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,120633,120634],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,120635,11698],{"class":3739},[53,120637,120638,120640,120642,120644,120646,120648,120650],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,120639,311],{"class":66},[53,120641,71],{"class":70},[53,120643,74],{"class":66},[53,120645,77],{"class":70},[53,120647,74],{"class":66},[53,120649,82],{"class":70},[53,120651,85],{"class":66},[20,120653,11790],{},[194,120655,120656,120661,120666],{},[197,120657,120658,120660],{},[15,120659,119663],{}," sorts the list in place",[197,120662,34889,120663,120665],{},[34,120664,36],{}," return the sorted list",[197,120667,89702,120668,42026,120670],{},[15,120669,2152],{},[15,120671,3664],{},[1327,120673,120675,120676,120678],{"id":120674},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,120677,74139],{}," to change the original list",[44,120680,120682],{"className":46,"code":120681,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120683,120684,120704,120708,120718,120722],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,120685,120686,120688,120690,120692,120694,120696,120698,120700,120702],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,120687,60],{"class":59},[53,120689,31],{"class":63},[53,120691,67],{"class":66},[53,120693,815],{"class":70},[53,120695,74],{"class":66},[53,120697,5382],{"class":70},[53,120699,74],{"class":66},[53,120701,77],{"class":70},[53,120703,85],{"class":66},[53,120705,120706],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,120707,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,120709,120710,120712,120714,120716],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,120711,74229],{"class":144},[53,120713,127],{"class":66},[53,120715,150],{"class":102},[53,120717,133],{"class":66},[53,120719,120720],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,120721,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,120723,120724,120726,120728,120730],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,120725,145],{"class":144},[53,120727,127],{"class":66},[53,120729,150],{"class":102},[53,120731,133],{"class":66},[20,120733,120734],{},[34,120735,301],{},[44,120737,120738],{"className":46,"code":118884,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,120739,120740],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,120741,120742,120744,120746,120748,120750,120752,120754],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,120743,311],{"class":66},[53,120745,815],{"class":70},[53,120747,74],{"class":66},[53,120749,5382],{"class":70},[53,120751,74],{"class":66},[53,120753,77],{"class":70},[53,120755,85],{"class":66},[20,120757,120758,120761],{},[15,120759,120760],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,120763,10695],{},[44,120765,120767],{"className":46,"code":120766,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,120768,120769,120789,120793,120807,120811],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,120770,120771,120773,120775,120777,120779,120781,120783,120785,120787],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,120772,60],{"class":59},[53,120774,31],{"class":63},[53,120776,67],{"class":66},[53,120778,815],{"class":70},[53,120780,74],{"class":66},[53,120782,5382],{"class":70},[53,120784,74],{"class":66},[53,120786,77],{"class":70},[53,120788,85],{"class":66},[53,120790,120791],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,120792,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,120794,120795,120797,120799,120801,120803,120805],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,120796,91],{"class":59},[53,120798,31],{"class":63},[53,120800,74273],{"class":144},[53,120802,127],{"class":66},[53,120804,150],{"class":102},[53,120806,133],{"class":66},[53,120808,120809],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,120810,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,120812,120813,120815,120817,120819],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,120814,145],{"class":144},[53,120816,127],{"class":66},[53,120818,119],{"class":102},[53,120820,133],{"class":66},[1327,120822,120824,120825,120827],{"id":120823},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,120826,64026],{}," on a tuple or string",[44,120829,120830],{"className":46,"code":79025,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,120831,120832,120844],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,120833,120834,120836,120838,120840,120842],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,120835,34561],{"class":59},[53,120837,31],{"class":63},[53,120839,240],{"class":228},[53,120841,48],{"class":232},[53,120843,1682],{"class":228},[53,120845,120846,120848,120850,120852],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,120847,34582],{"class":59},[53,120849,99],{"class":66},[53,120851,34673],{"class":102},[53,120853,106],{"class":66},[20,120855,120856,120857,33473],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,120858,64026],{},[20,120860,120861,120863],{},[15,120862,64026],{}," only works on lists.",[20,120865,120866,120867,120869,120870,99],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,120868,74139],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[758,120871,5019],{"href":5471},[1327,120873,120875,120876,118921],{"id":120874},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,120877,74139],{},[44,120879,120881],{"className":46,"code":120880,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120882,120883,120896,120910,120914,120924],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,120884,120885,120887,120889,120891,120894],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,120886,34561],{"class":59},[53,120888,31],{"class":63},[53,120890,240],{"class":228},[53,120892,120893],{"class":232},"cab",[53,120895,1682],{"class":228},[53,120897,120898,120900,120902,120904,120906,120908],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,120899,2117],{"class":59},[53,120901,31],{"class":63},[53,120903,74273],{"class":144},[53,120905,127],{"class":66},[53,120907,34582],{"class":102},[53,120909,133],{"class":66},[53,120911,120912],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,120913,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,120915,120916,120918,120920,120922],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,120917,145],{"class":144},[53,120919,127],{"class":66},[53,120921,2152],{"class":102},[53,120923,133],{"class":66},[53,120925,120926,120928,120930,120932,120934,120936],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,120927,145],{"class":144},[53,120929,127],{"class":66},[53,120931,1705],{"class":1704},[53,120933,127],{"class":66},[53,120935,2152],{"class":102},[53,120937,1713],{"class":66},[20,120939,120940],{},[34,120941,301],{},[44,120943,120945],{"className":46,"code":120944,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120946,120947,120975],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,120948,120949,120951,120953,120955,120957,120959,120961,120963,120965,120967,120969,120971,120973],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,120950,311],{"class":66},[53,120952,314],{"class":228},[53,120954,758],{"class":232},[53,120956,314],{"class":228},[53,120958,74],{"class":66},[53,120960,323],{"class":228},[53,120962,1376],{"class":232},[53,120964,314],{"class":228},[53,120966,74],{"class":66},[53,120968,323],{"class":228},[53,120970,9628],{"class":232},[53,120972,314],{"class":228},[53,120974,85],{"class":66},[53,120976,120977,120979,120981,120983,120985,120987],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,120978,3178],{"class":63},[53,120980,3181],{"class":1954},[53,120982,323],{"class":228},[53,120984,7979],{"class":232},[53,120986,314],{"class":228},[53,120988,3190],{"class":63},[20,120990,120991],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[39,120993,113442],{"id":113441},[20,120995,120996],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[194,120998,120999,121002,121007,121012,121018],{},[197,121000,121001],{},"confusing a function with a method",[197,121003,121004,121005,53512],{},"not knowing that ",[15,121006,64026],{},[197,121008,121009,121010,12485],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,121011,77582],{},[197,121013,121014,121015,121017],{},"trying to use ",[15,121016,64026],{}," on non-list data types",[197,121019,50379,121020,121022],{},[15,121021,74139],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,121024,121025],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[44,121027,121029],{"className":46,"code":121028,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,121030,121031,121041,121055,121080,121095,121105],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121032,121033,121035,121037,121039],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121034,145],{"class":144},[53,121036,127],{"class":66},[53,121038,8225],{"class":102},[53,121040,133],{"class":66},[53,121042,121043,121045,121047,121049,121051,121053],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,121044,145],{"class":144},[53,121046,127],{"class":66},[53,121048,74229],{"class":144},[53,121050,127],{"class":66},[53,121052,8225],{"class":102},[53,121054,1713],{"class":66},[53,121056,121057,121059,121061,121063,121065,121067,121069,121072,121074,121076,121078],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,121058,2117],{"class":59},[53,121060,31],{"class":63},[53,121062,8282],{"class":59},[53,121064,99],{"class":66},[53,121066,34673],{"class":102},[53,121068,7253],{"class":66},[53,121070,121071],{"class":59},"; ",[53,121073,145],{"class":144},[53,121075,127],{"class":66},[53,121077,2152],{"class":102},[53,121079,133],{"class":66},[53,121081,121082,121084,121086,121088,121090,121093],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,121083,145],{"class":144},[53,121085,127],{"class":66},[53,121087,1705],{"class":1704},[53,121089,127],{"class":66},[53,121091,121092],{"class":102},"my_data",[53,121094,1713],{"class":66},[53,121096,121097,121099,121101,121103],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,121098,32025],{"class":144},[53,121100,127],{"class":66},[53,121102,74229],{"class":144},[53,121104,133],{"class":66},[53,121106,121107,121109,121111,121113,121115,121117],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,121108,32025],{"class":144},[53,121110,127],{"class":66},[53,121112,7979],{"class":1704},[53,121114,99],{"class":66},[53,121116,34673],{"class":24620},[53,121118,133],{"class":66},[20,121120,84088],{},[194,121122,121123,121126,121130,121138],{},[197,121124,121125],{},"whether your original list changed",[197,121127,25889,121128,11595],{},[15,121129,74139],{},[197,121131,121132,121133,121135,121136],{},"whether ",[15,121134,64026],{}," returned ",[15,121137,3664],{},[197,121139,121140],{},"what type of object you are working with",[39,121142,121144],{"id":121143},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,121146,121147],{},"Use this rule:",[194,121149,121150,121158],{},[197,121151,121152,121153,121155,121156],{},"Need a ",[34,121154,119246],{},": use ",[15,121157,74139],{},[197,121159,121160,121161,121155,121164],{},"Need to ",[34,121162,121163],{},"change one list directly",[15,121165,77582],{},[20,121167,121168,121169,121171],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,121170,74139],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[39,121173,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,121175,121177,121178,2765,121180,1744],{"id":121176},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,121179,74139],{},[15,121181,77582],{},[20,121183,121184,121186],{},[15,121185,74139],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[1327,121188,5041,121190,5044,121192,1744],{"id":121189},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,121191,77582],{},[15,121193,3664],{},[20,121195,121196],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[1327,121198,5053,121200,121202],{"id":121199},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,121201,74139],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,121204,121205],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[1327,121207,28199,121209,121211],{"id":121208},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,121210,64026],{}," on a string?",[20,121213,46237,121214,121216,121217,39802],{},[15,121215,64026],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,121218,121219],{},"sorted(string)",[1327,121221,11709,121223,960,121225,121227],{"id":121222},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,121224,74139],{},[15,121226,64026],{}," both support descending order?",[20,121229,121230,121231,99],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,121232,77806],{},[39,121234,1788],{"id":1787},[194,121236,121237,121243,121249,121253,121257],{},[197,121238,121239],{},[758,121240,3463,121241,3396],{"href":74236},[15,121242,74139],{},[197,121244,121245],{},[758,121246,3463,121247,1316],{"href":74490},[15,121248,77582],{},[197,121250,121251],{},[758,121252,79588],{"href":78091},[197,121254,121255],{},[758,121256,120540],{"href":120539},[197,121258,121259],{},[758,121260,761],{"href":760},[1817,121262,121263],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":121265},[121266,121267,121268,121272,121276,121279,121283,121287,121292,121302,121303,121304,121316],{"id":3496,"depth":88,"text":3497},{"id":119334,"depth":88,"text":119335},{"id":117437,"depth":88,"text":119159,"children":121269},[121270],{"id":119401,"depth":109,"text":121271},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":77648,"depth":88,"text":79610,"children":121273},[121274],{"id":119578,"depth":109,"text":121275},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119674,"depth":88,"text":119675,"children":121277},[121278],{"id":119700,"depth":109,"text":119701},{"id":119906,"depth":88,"text":121280,"children":121281},"When to use sorted()",[121282],{"id":119928,"depth":109,"text":119929},{"id":120063,"depth":88,"text":121284,"children":121285},"When to use list.sort()",[121286],{"id":120086,"depth":109,"text":120087},{"id":120200,"depth":88,"text":121288,"children":121289},"reverse and key work with both",[121290,121291],{"id":120231,"depth":109,"text":120232},{"id":120359,"depth":109,"text":120360},{"id":120543,"depth":88,"text":120544,"children":121293},[121294,121296,121298,121300],{"id":120550,"depth":109,"text":121295},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120674,"depth":109,"text":121297},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":120823,"depth":109,"text":121299},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":120874,"depth":109,"text":121301},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113441,"depth":88,"text":113442},{"id":121143,"depth":88,"text":121144},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":121305},[121306,121308,121310,121312,121314],{"id":121176,"depth":109,"text":121307},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121189,"depth":109,"text":121309},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121199,"depth":109,"text":121311},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121208,"depth":109,"text":121313},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121222,"depth":109,"text":121315},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119205,"description":121317},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121323,"title":42047,"body":121324,"description":123056,"extension":1853,"meta":123057,"navigation":112,"path":123058,"seo":123059,"stem":123060,"__hash__":123061},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121325,"toc":123013},[121326,121331,121336,121342,121344,121399,121403,121426,121431,121436,121441,121443,121474,121477,121491,121493,121495,121510,121515,121519,121522,121573,121577,121591,121598,121602,121606,121661,121665,121688,121692,121748,121752,121775,121779,121834,121838,121861,121865,121932,121936,121971,121977,121982,121987,121989,122003,122005,122079,122083,122103,122108,122115,122118,122130,122132,122201,122205,122242,122245,122270,122277,122286,122289,122301,122307,122313,122315,122321,122326,122405,122409,122450,122454,122456,122483,122486,122509,122512,122518,122521,122558,122570,122577,122579,122630,122633,122665,122668,122670,122677,122679,122694,122696,122753,122757,122781,122783,122788,122804,122811,122815,122818,122901,122911,122913,122918,122921,122927,122930,122936,122939,122945,122948,122955,122963,122965,123010],[10,121327,3463,121329,3467],{"id":121328},"python-str-function-explained",[15,121330,47556],{},[20,121332,32190,121333,121335],{},[15,121334,47556],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,121337,121338,121339,121341],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,121340,47556],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[39,121343,42],{"id":41},[44,121345,121347],{"className":46,"code":121346,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121348,121349,121357,121371,121375,121385],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121350,121351,121353,121355],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121352,21497],{"class":59},[53,121354,31],{"class":63},[53,121356,45097],{"class":70},[53,121358,121359,121361,121363,121365,121367,121369],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,121360,34561],{"class":59},[53,121362,31],{"class":63},[53,121364,48777],{"class":1704},[53,121366,127],{"class":66},[53,121368,9187],{"class":102},[53,121370,133],{"class":66},[53,121372,121373],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,121374,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,121376,121377,121379,121381,121383],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,121378,145],{"class":144},[53,121380,127],{"class":66},[53,121382,34582],{"class":102},[53,121384,133],{"class":66},[53,121386,121387,121389,121391,121393,121395,121397],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,121388,145],{"class":144},[53,121390,127],{"class":66},[53,121392,1705],{"class":1704},[53,121394,127],{"class":66},[53,121396,34582],{"class":102},[53,121398,1713],{"class":66},[20,121400,121401],{},[34,121402,301],{},[44,121404,121406],{"className":46,"code":121405,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121407,121408,121412],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121409,121410],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121411,2594],{"class":70},[53,121413,121414,121416,121418,121420,121422,121424],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,121415,3178],{"class":63},[53,121417,3181],{"class":1954},[53,121419,323],{"class":228},[53,121421,3330],{"class":232},[53,121423,314],{"class":228},[53,121425,3190],{"class":63},[20,121427,174,121428,121430],{},[15,121429,47556],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[39,121432,184,121434,187],{"id":121433},"what-str-does",[15,121435,47556],{},[20,121437,121438,121440],{},[15,121439,47556],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,121442,775],{},[194,121444,121445,121452,121459,121466],{},[197,121446,121447,121448,42026,121450],{},"An integer like ",[15,121449,1188],{},[15,121451,41998],{},[197,121453,121454,121455,42026,121457],{},"A float like ",[15,121456,40016],{},[15,121458,47967],{},[197,121460,121461,121462,42026,121464],{},"A boolean like ",[15,121463,3492],{},[15,121465,6527],{},[197,121467,121468,121469,42026,121471],{},"A list like ",[15,121470,74961],{},[15,121472,121473],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,121475,121476],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[194,121478,121479,121482,121485,121488],{},[197,121480,121481],{},"print it",[197,121483,121484],{},"combine it with other strings",[197,121486,121487],{},"save it to a file",[197,121489,121490],{},"use it in messages",[39,121492,372],{"id":371},[20,121494,7105],{},[44,121496,121498],{"className":46,"code":121497,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"str(object)\n",[15,121499,121500],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121501,121502,121504,121506,121508],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121503,3330],{"class":1704},[53,121505,127],{"class":66},[53,121507,42270],{"class":1704},[53,121509,133],{"class":66},[20,121511,20639,121512,121514],{},[15,121513,42270],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,121516,121517,8111],{},[15,121518,47556],{},[20,121520,121521],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[44,121523,121525],{"className":46,"code":121524,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,121526,121527,121536,121559,121563],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121528,121529,121531,121533],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121530,4979],{"class":59},[53,121532,31],{"class":63},[53,121534,121535],{"class":70}," 100\n",[53,121537,121538,121540,121542,121544,121547,121549,121551,121553,121555,121557],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,121539,89722],{"class":59},[53,121541,31],{"class":63},[53,121543,240],{"class":228},[53,121545,121546],{"class":232},"Your score is ",[53,121548,229],{"class":228},[53,121550,2342],{"class":63},[53,121552,48777],{"class":1704},[53,121554,127],{"class":66},[53,121556,85235],{"class":102},[53,121558,133],{"class":66},[53,121560,121561],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,121562,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,121564,121565,121567,121569,121571],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,121566,145],{"class":144},[53,121568,127],{"class":66},[53,121570,89739],{"class":102},[53,121572,133],{"class":66},[20,121574,121575],{},[34,121576,301],{},[44,121578,121580],{"className":46,"code":121579,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Your score is 100\n",[15,121581,121582],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121583,121584,121587,121589],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121585,121586],{"class":59},"Your score ",[53,121588,12081],{"class":63},[53,121590,121535],{"class":70},[20,121592,2184,121593,121597],{},[758,121594,121595,2191],{"href":2187},[15,121596,2190],{}," can help you check.",[39,121599,121601],{"id":121600},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[1327,121603,121605],{"id":121604},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[44,121607,121609],{"className":46,"code":121608,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121610,121611,121619,121633,121637,121647],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121612,121613,121615,121617],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121614,2104],{"class":59},[53,121616,31],{"class":63},[53,121618,2472],{"class":70},[53,121620,121621,121623,121625,121627,121629,121631],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,121622,34561],{"class":59},[53,121624,31],{"class":63},[53,121626,48777],{"class":1704},[53,121628,127],{"class":66},[53,121630,2127],{"class":102},[53,121632,133],{"class":66},[53,121634,121635],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,121636,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,121638,121639,121641,121643,121645],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,121640,145],{"class":144},[53,121642,127],{"class":66},[53,121644,34582],{"class":102},[53,121646,133],{"class":66},[53,121648,121649,121651,121653,121655,121657,121659],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,121650,145],{"class":144},[53,121652,127],{"class":66},[53,121654,1705],{"class":1704},[53,121656,127],{"class":66},[53,121658,34582],{"class":102},[53,121660,1713],{"class":66},[20,121662,121663],{},[34,121664,301],{},[44,121666,121668],{"className":46,"code":121667,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121669,121670,121674],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121671,121672],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121673,2264],{"class":70},[53,121675,121676,121678,121680,121682,121684,121686],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,121677,3178],{"class":63},[53,121679,3181],{"class":1954},[53,121681,323],{"class":228},[53,121683,3330],{"class":232},[53,121685,314],{"class":228},[53,121687,3190],{"class":63},[1327,121689,121691],{"id":121690},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[44,121693,121695],{"className":46,"code":121694,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121696,121697,121706,121720,121724,121734],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121698,121699,121701,121703],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121700,40260],{"class":59},[53,121702,31],{"class":63},[53,121704,121705],{"class":70}," 3.14\n",[53,121707,121708,121710,121712,121714,121716,121718],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,121709,34561],{"class":59},[53,121711,31],{"class":63},[53,121713,48777],{"class":1704},[53,121715,127],{"class":66},[53,121717,25020],{"class":102},[53,121719,133],{"class":66},[53,121721,121722],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,121723,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,121725,121726,121728,121730,121732],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,121727,145],{"class":144},[53,121729,127],{"class":66},[53,121731,34582],{"class":102},[53,121733,133],{"class":66},[53,121735,121736,121738,121740,121742,121744,121746],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,121737,145],{"class":144},[53,121739,127],{"class":66},[53,121741,1705],{"class":1704},[53,121743,127],{"class":66},[53,121745,34582],{"class":102},[53,121747,1713],{"class":66},[20,121749,121750],{},[34,121751,301],{},[44,121753,121755],{"className":46,"code":121754,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121756,121757,121761],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121758,121759],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121760,40050],{"class":70},[53,121762,121763,121765,121767,121769,121771,121773],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,121764,3178],{"class":63},[53,121766,3181],{"class":1954},[53,121768,323],{"class":228},[53,121770,3330],{"class":232},[53,121772,314],{"class":228},[53,121774,3190],{"class":63},[1327,121776,121778],{"id":121777},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[44,121780,121782],{"className":46,"code":121781,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121783,121784,121792,121806,121810,121820],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121785,121786,121788,121790],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121787,2335],{"class":59},[53,121789,31],{"class":63},[53,121791,6309],{"class":3739},[53,121793,121794,121796,121798,121800,121802,121804],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,121795,34561],{"class":59},[53,121797,31],{"class":63},[53,121799,48777],{"class":1704},[53,121801,127],{"class":66},[53,121803,2360],{"class":102},[53,121805,133],{"class":66},[53,121807,121808],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,121809,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,121811,121812,121814,121816,121818],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,121813,145],{"class":144},[53,121815,127],{"class":66},[53,121817,34582],{"class":102},[53,121819,133],{"class":66},[53,121821,121822,121824,121826,121828,121830,121832],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,121823,145],{"class":144},[53,121825,127],{"class":66},[53,121827,1705],{"class":1704},[53,121829,127],{"class":66},[53,121831,34582],{"class":102},[53,121833,1713],{"class":66},[20,121835,121836],{},[34,121837,301],{},[44,121839,121841],{"className":46,"code":121840,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121842,121843,121847],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121844,121845],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121846,3868],{"class":3739},[53,121848,121849,121851,121853,121855,121857,121859],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,121850,3178],{"class":63},[53,121852,3181],{"class":1954},[53,121854,323],{"class":228},[53,121856,3330],{"class":232},[53,121858,314],{"class":228},[53,121860,3190],{"class":63},[1327,121862,121864],{"id":121863},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[44,121866,121868],{"className":46,"code":121867,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121869,121870,121890,121904,121908,121918],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121871,121872,121874,121876,121878,121880,121882,121884,121886,121888],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121873,7667],{"class":59},[53,121875,31],{"class":63},[53,121877,67],{"class":66},[53,121879,71],{"class":70},[53,121881,74],{"class":66},[53,121883,77],{"class":70},[53,121885,74],{"class":66},[53,121887,82],{"class":70},[53,121889,85],{"class":66},[53,121891,121892,121894,121896,121898,121900,121902],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,121893,34561],{"class":59},[53,121895,31],{"class":63},[53,121897,48777],{"class":1704},[53,121899,127],{"class":66},[53,121901,7696],{"class":102},[53,121903,133],{"class":66},[53,121905,121906],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,121907,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,121909,121910,121912,121914,121916],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,121911,145],{"class":144},[53,121913,127],{"class":66},[53,121915,34582],{"class":102},[53,121917,133],{"class":66},[53,121919,121920,121922,121924,121926,121928,121930],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,121921,145],{"class":144},[53,121923,127],{"class":66},[53,121925,1705],{"class":1704},[53,121927,127],{"class":66},[53,121929,34582],{"class":102},[53,121931,1713],{"class":66},[20,121933,121934],{},[34,121935,301],{},[44,121937,121939],{"className":46,"code":121938,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121940,121941,121957],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121942,121943,121945,121947,121949,121951,121953,121955],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121944,311],{"class":66},[53,121946,71],{"class":70},[53,121948,74],{"class":66},[53,121950,77],{"class":70},[53,121952,74],{"class":66},[53,121954,82],{"class":70},[53,121956,85],{"class":66},[53,121958,121959,121961,121963,121965,121967,121969],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,121960,3178],{"class":63},[53,121962,3181],{"class":1954},[53,121964,323],{"class":228},[53,121966,3330],{"class":232},[53,121968,314],{"class":228},[53,121970,3190],{"class":63},[20,121972,121973,121974,121976],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[34,121975,36],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[39,121978,1145,121980],{"id":121979},"when-to-use-str",[15,121981,47556],{},[20,121983,174,121984,121986],{},[15,121985,47556],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,121988,36299],{},[194,121990,121991,121994,121997,122000],{},[197,121992,121993],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[197,121995,121996],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[197,121998,121999],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[197,122001,122002],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,122004,211],{},[44,122006,122008],{"className":46,"code":122007,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,122009,122010,122022,122030,122034,122069],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,122011,122012,122014,122016,122018,122020],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,122013,1672],{"class":59},[53,122015,31],{"class":63},[53,122017,240],{"class":228},[53,122019,11398],{"class":232},[53,122021,1682],{"class":228},[53,122023,122024,122026,122028],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,122025,21497],{"class":59},[53,122027,31],{"class":63},[53,122029,45097],{"class":70},[53,122031,122032],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,122033,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,122035,122036,122038,122040,122042,122044,122046,122048,122050,122052,122054,122056,122058,122060,122062,122064,122067],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,122037,89722],{"class":59},[53,122039,31],{"class":63},[53,122041,35844],{"class":59},[53,122043,1949],{"class":63},[53,122045,240],{"class":228},[53,122047,4669],{"class":232},[53,122049,229],{"class":228},[53,122051,2342],{"class":63},[53,122053,48777],{"class":1704},[53,122055,127],{"class":66},[53,122057,9187],{"class":102},[53,122059,153],{"class":66},[53,122061,2342],{"class":63},[53,122063,240],{"class":228},[53,122065,122066],{"class":232}," years old.",[53,122068,1682],{"class":228},[53,122070,122071,122073,122075,122077],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,122072,145],{"class":144},[53,122074,127],{"class":66},[53,122076,89739],{"class":102},[53,122078,133],{"class":66},[20,122080,122081],{},[34,122082,301],{},[44,122084,122086],{"className":46,"code":122085,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,122087,122088],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,122089,122090,122093,122095,122097,122100],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,122091,122092],{"class":59},"Maya ",[53,122094,12081],{"class":63},[53,122096,9194],{"class":70},[53,122098,122099],{"class":59}," years old",[53,122101,122102],{"class":66},".\n",[20,122104,122105,122106,99],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[758,122107,89408],{"href":89407},[39,122109,122111,10474,122113],{"id":122110},"str-vs-print",[15,122112,47556],{},[15,122114,46324],{},[20,122116,122117],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[194,122119,122120,122125],{},[197,122121,122122,122124],{},[15,122123,47556],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[197,122126,122127,122129],{},[15,122128,46324],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,122131,211],{},[44,122133,122135],{"className":46,"code":122134,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,122136,122137,122145,122149,122163,122173,122187],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,122138,122139,122141,122143],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,122140,2335],{"class":59},[53,122142,31],{"class":63},[53,122144,2654],{"class":70},[53,122146,122147],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,122148,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,122150,122151,122153,122155,122157,122159,122161],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,122152,34561],{"class":59},[53,122154,31],{"class":63},[53,122156,48777],{"class":1704},[53,122158,127],{"class":66},[53,122160,2360],{"class":102},[53,122162,133],{"class":66},[53,122164,122165,122167,122169,122171],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,122166,145],{"class":144},[53,122168,127],{"class":66},[53,122170,34582],{"class":102},[53,122172,133],{"class":66},[53,122174,122175,122177,122179,122181,122183,122185],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,122176,145],{"class":144},[53,122178,127],{"class":66},[53,122180,1705],{"class":1704},[53,122182,127],{"class":66},[53,122184,34582],{"class":102},[53,122186,1713],{"class":66},[53,122188,122189,122191,122193,122195,122197,122199],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,122190,145],{"class":144},[53,122192,127],{"class":66},[53,122194,1705],{"class":1704},[53,122196,127],{"class":66},[53,122198,2360],{"class":102},[53,122200,1713],{"class":66},[20,122202,122203],{},[34,122204,301],{},[44,122206,122208],{"className":46,"code":122207,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,122209,122210,122214,122228],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,122211,122212],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,122213,46484],{"class":70},[53,122215,122216,122218,122220,122222,122224,122226],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,122217,3178],{"class":63},[53,122219,3181],{"class":1954},[53,122221,323],{"class":228},[53,122223,3330],{"class":232},[53,122225,314],{"class":228},[53,122227,3190],{"class":63},[53,122229,122230,122232,122234,122236,122238,122240],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,122231,3178],{"class":63},[53,122233,3181],{"class":1954},[53,122235,323],{"class":228},[53,122237,2075],{"class":232},[53,122239,314],{"class":228},[53,122241,3190],{"class":63},[20,122243,122244],{},"Notice:",[194,122246,122247,122253,122258],{},[197,122248,122249,122252],{},[15,122250,122251],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[197,122254,122255,122257],{},[15,122256,46324],{}," only displayed values",[197,122259,122260,122262,122263,122265,122266,61015,122268],{},[15,122261,46324],{}," did not change ",[15,122264,2360],{}," from ",[15,122267,2075],{},[15,122269,3330],{},[20,122271,122272,122273,99],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[758,122274,122275,2191],{"href":46321},[15,122276,46324],{},[39,122278,122280,10474,122282,122285],{"id":122279},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,122281,47556],{},[15,122283,122284],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,122287,122288],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[194,122290,122291,122296],{},[197,122292,122293,122295],{},[15,122294,47556],{}," is the more readable text version",[197,122297,122298,122300],{},[15,122299,122284],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,122302,122303,122304,122306],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,122305,47556],{}," much more often.",[20,122308,122309,122310,122312],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,122311,47556],{}," is usually the right choice.",[39,122314,1320],{"id":1319},[1327,122316,25644,122318,122320],{"id":122317},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,122319,47556],{}," changes the original variable",[20,122322,122323,122325],{},[15,122324,47556],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[44,122327,122329],{"className":46,"code":122328,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122330,122331,122339,122353,122357,122367,122381,122391],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,122332,122333,122335,122337],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,122334,21497],{"class":59},[53,122336,31],{"class":63},[53,122338,45097],{"class":70},[53,122340,122341,122343,122345,122347,122349,122351],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,122342,34561],{"class":59},[53,122344,31],{"class":63},[53,122346,48777],{"class":1704},[53,122348,127],{"class":66},[53,122350,9187],{"class":102},[53,122352,133],{"class":66},[53,122354,122355],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,122356,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,122358,122359,122361,122363,122365],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,122360,145],{"class":144},[53,122362,127],{"class":66},[53,122364,9187],{"class":102},[53,122366,133],{"class":66},[53,122368,122369,122371,122373,122375,122377,122379],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,122370,145],{"class":144},[53,122372,127],{"class":66},[53,122374,1705],{"class":1704},[53,122376,127],{"class":66},[53,122378,9187],{"class":102},[53,122380,1713],{"class":66},[53,122382,122383,122385,122387,122389],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,122384,145],{"class":144},[53,122386,127],{"class":66},[53,122388,34582],{"class":102},[53,122390,133],{"class":66},[53,122392,122393,122395,122397,122399,122401,122403],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,122394,145],{"class":144},[53,122396,127],{"class":66},[53,122398,1705],{"class":1704},[53,122400,127],{"class":66},[53,122402,34582],{"class":102},[53,122404,1713],{"class":66},[20,122406,122407],{},[34,122408,301],{},[44,122410,122412],{"className":46,"code":122411,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122413,122414,122418,122432,122436],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,122415,122416],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,122417,2594],{"class":70},[53,122419,122420,122422,122424,122426,122428,122430],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,122421,3178],{"class":63},[53,122423,3181],{"class":1954},[53,122425,323],{"class":228},[53,122427,2075],{"class":232},[53,122429,314],{"class":228},[53,122431,3190],{"class":63},[53,122433,122434],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,122435,2594],{"class":70},[53,122437,122438,122440,122442,122444,122446,122448],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,122439,3178],{"class":63},[53,122441,3181],{"class":1954},[53,122443,323],{"class":228},[53,122445,3330],{"class":232},[53,122447,314],{"class":228},[53,122449,3190],{"class":63},[1327,122451,122453],{"id":122452},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,122455,6574],{},[44,122457,122459],{"className":46,"code":122458,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,122460,122461,122469],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,122462,122463,122465,122467],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,122464,21497],{"class":59},[53,122466,31],{"class":63},[53,122468,45097],{"class":70},[53,122470,122471,122473,122475,122477,122479,122481],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,122472,34561],{"class":59},[53,122474,31],{"class":63},[53,122476,48777],{"class":1704},[53,122478,127],{"class":66},[53,122480,9187],{"class":102},[53,122482,133],{"class":66},[20,122484,122485],{},"But if you only do this:",[44,122487,122489],{"className":46,"code":122488,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,122490,122491,122499],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,122492,122493,122495,122497],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,122494,21497],{"class":59},[53,122496,31],{"class":63},[53,122498,45097],{"class":70},[53,122500,122501,122503,122505,122507],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,122502,3330],{"class":1704},[53,122504,127],{"class":66},[53,122506,9187],{"class":102},[53,122508,133],{"class":66},[20,122510,122511],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[1327,122513,485,122515,122517],{"id":122514},"using-str-too-early",[15,122516,47556],{}," too early",[20,122519,122520],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[44,122522,122524],{"className":46,"code":122523,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,122525,122526,122534,122549,122553],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,122527,122528,122530,122532],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,122529,40260],{"class":59},[53,122531,31],{"class":63},[53,122533,2472],{"class":70},[53,122535,122536,122539,122541,122543,122545,122547],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,122537,122538],{"class":59},"text_price ",[53,122540,31],{"class":63},[53,122542,48777],{"class":1704},[53,122544,127],{"class":66},[53,122546,25020],{"class":102},[53,122548,133],{"class":66},[53,122550,122551],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,122552,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,122554,122555],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,122556,122557],{"class":156},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,122559,122560,122561,2765,122565,122569],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[758,122562,122563],{"href":2761},[15,122564,2764],{},[758,122566,122567],{"href":2768},[15,122568,2771],{},", depending on the situation.",[1327,122571,8339,122573,122576],{"id":122572},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,122574,122575],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,122578,64358],{},[44,122580,122582],{"className":46,"code":122581,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,122583,122584,122616],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,122585,122586,122588,122590,122592,122594,122596,122598,122600,122602,122604,122606,122608,122610,122612,122614],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,122587,7667],{"class":59},[53,122589,31],{"class":63},[53,122591,67],{"class":66},[53,122593,229],{"class":228},[53,122595,233],{"class":232},[53,122597,229],{"class":228},[53,122599,74],{"class":66},[53,122601,240],{"class":228},[53,122603,243],{"class":232},[53,122605,229],{"class":228},[53,122607,74],{"class":66},[53,122609,240],{"class":228},[53,122611,252],{"class":232},[53,122613,229],{"class":228},[53,122615,85],{"class":66},[53,122617,122618,122620,122622,122624,122626,122628],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,122619,145],{"class":144},[53,122621,127],{"class":66},[53,122623,3330],{"class":1704},[53,122625,127],{"class":66},[53,122627,7696],{"class":102},[53,122629,1713],{"class":66},[20,122631,122632],{},"prints:",[44,122634,122635],{"className":46,"code":72551,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,122636,122637],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,122638,122639,122641,122643,122645,122647,122649,122651,122653,122655,122657,122659,122661,122663],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,122640,311],{"class":66},[53,122642,314],{"class":228},[53,122644,233],{"class":232},[53,122646,314],{"class":228},[53,122648,74],{"class":66},[53,122650,323],{"class":228},[53,122652,243],{"class":232},[53,122654,314],{"class":228},[53,122656,74],{"class":66},[53,122658,323],{"class":228},[53,122660,252],{"class":232},[53,122662,314],{"class":228},[53,122664,85],{"class":66},[20,122666,122667],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[39,122669,998],{"id":997},[20,122671,122672,21844,122674,99],{},[15,122673,47556],{},[34,122675,122676],{},"new string",[20,122678,11347],{},[194,122680,122681,122684,122687],{},[197,122682,122683],{},"It always returns a string",[197,122685,122686],{},"It does not modify the original object",[197,122688,7650,122689,122693],{},[758,122690,122691],{"href":2187},[15,122692,2190],{}," to confirm the result",[20,122695,211],{},[44,122697,122699],{"className":46,"code":122698,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122700,122701,122709,122724,122728,122739],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,122702,122703,122705,122707],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,122704,2335],{"class":59},[53,122706,31],{"class":63},[53,122708,14005],{"class":70},[53,122710,122711,122714,122716,122718,122720,122722],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,122712,122713],{"class":59},"converted ",[53,122715,31],{"class":63},[53,122717,48777],{"class":1704},[53,122719,127],{"class":66},[53,122721,2360],{"class":102},[53,122723,133],{"class":66},[53,122725,122726],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,122727,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,122729,122730,122732,122734,122737],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,122731,145],{"class":144},[53,122733,127],{"class":66},[53,122735,122736],{"class":102},"converted",[53,122738,133],{"class":66},[53,122740,122741,122743,122745,122747,122749,122751],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,122742,145],{"class":144},[53,122744,127],{"class":66},[53,122746,1705],{"class":1704},[53,122748,127],{"class":66},[53,122750,122736],{"class":102},[53,122752,1713],{"class":66},[20,122754,122755],{},[34,122756,301],{},[44,122758,122760],{"className":46,"code":122759,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122761,122762,122767],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,122763,122764],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,122765,122766],{"class":70},"99\n",[53,122768,122769,122771,122773,122775,122777,122779],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,122770,3178],{"class":63},[53,122772,3181],{"class":1954},[53,122774,323],{"class":228},[53,122776,3330],{"class":232},[53,122778,314],{"class":228},[53,122780,3190],{"class":63},[39,122782,113442],{"id":113441},[20,122784,122785,122786,74530],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,122787,47556],{},[194,122789,122790,122793,122796,122801],{},[197,122791,122792],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[197,122794,122795],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[197,122797,485,122798,122800],{},[15,122799,47556],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[197,122802,122803],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,122805,122806,122807,99],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[758,122808,25549,122809],{"href":90120},[15,122810,90121],{},[39,122812,122814],{"id":122813},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,122816,122817],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[44,122819,122821],{"className":46,"code":122820,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122822,122823,122831,122835,122845,122859,122863,122877,122887],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,122824,122825,122827,122829],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,122826,2335],{"class":59},[53,122828,31],{"class":63},[53,122830,45097],{"class":70},[53,122832,122833],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,122834,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,122836,122837,122839,122841,122843],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,122838,145],{"class":144},[53,122840,127],{"class":66},[53,122842,2360],{"class":102},[53,122844,133],{"class":66},[53,122846,122847,122849,122851,122853,122855,122857],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,122848,145],{"class":144},[53,122850,127],{"class":66},[53,122852,1705],{"class":1704},[53,122854,127],{"class":66},[53,122856,2360],{"class":102},[53,122858,1713],{"class":66},[53,122860,122861],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,122862,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,122864,122865,122867,122869,122871,122873,122875],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,122866,122713],{"class":59},[53,122868,31],{"class":63},[53,122870,48777],{"class":1704},[53,122872,127],{"class":66},[53,122874,2360],{"class":102},[53,122876,133],{"class":66},[53,122878,122879,122881,122883,122885],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,122880,145],{"class":144},[53,122882,127],{"class":66},[53,122884,122736],{"class":102},[53,122886,133],{"class":66},[53,122888,122889,122891,122893,122895,122897,122899],{"class":55,"line":6312},[53,122890,145],{"class":144},[53,122892,127],{"class":66},[53,122894,1705],{"class":1704},[53,122896,127],{"class":66},[53,122898,122736],{"class":102},[53,122900,1713],{"class":66},[20,122902,122903,122904,2076,122906,122908,122909,99],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,122905,2075],{},[15,122907,2079],{},", or another type into ",[15,122910,3330],{},[39,122912,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,122914,5025,122916,5028],{"id":122915},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,122917,47556],{},[20,122919,122920],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[1327,122922,1729,122924,122926],{"id":122923},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,122925,47556],{}," change the original variable?",[20,122928,122929],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[1327,122931,5053,122933,122935],{"id":122932},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,122934,47556],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,122937,122938],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[1327,122940,94306,122942,122944],{"id":122941},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,122943,47556],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,122946,122947],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[1327,122949,1756,122951,1779,122953,1744],{"id":122950},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,122952,47556],{},[15,122954,46324],{},[20,122956,46237,122957,122959,122960,122962],{},[15,122958,47556],{}," converts to text. ",[15,122961,46324],{}," shows output.",[39,122964,1788],{"id":1787},[194,122966,122967,122973,122979,122985,122991,123000,123004],{},[197,122968,122969],{},[758,122970,122971,3396],{"href":46321},[15,122972,46324],{},[197,122974,122975],{},[758,122976,122977,3396],{"href":2187},[15,122978,2190],{},[197,122980,122981],{},[758,122982,122983,3396],{"href":2761},[15,122984,2764],{},[197,122986,122987],{},[758,122988,122989,3396],{"href":2768},[15,122990,2771],{},[197,122992,122993],{},[758,122994,122996,122997,122999],{"href":122995},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,122998,2075],{}," to string in Python",[197,123001,123002],{},[758,123003,90398],{"href":89407},[197,123005,123006],{},[758,123007,30219,123008],{"href":90120},[15,123009,90121],{},[1817,123011,123012],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":123014},[123015,123016,123018,123019,123025,123027,123029,123031,123040,123041,123042,123043,123055],{"id":41,"depth":88,"text":42},{"id":121433,"depth":88,"text":123017},"What str() does",{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372},{"id":121600,"depth":88,"text":121601,"children":123020},[123021,123022,123023,123024],{"id":121604,"depth":109,"text":121605},{"id":121690,"depth":109,"text":121691},{"id":121777,"depth":109,"text":121778},{"id":121863,"depth":109,"text":121864},{"id":121979,"depth":88,"text":123026},"When to use str()",{"id":122110,"depth":88,"text":123028},"str() vs print()",{"id":122279,"depth":88,"text":123030},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":1319,"depth":88,"text":1320,"children":123032},[123033,123035,123036,123038],{"id":122317,"depth":109,"text":123034},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122452,"depth":109,"text":122453},{"id":122514,"depth":109,"text":123037},"Using str() too early",{"id":122572,"depth":109,"text":123039},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":997,"depth":88,"text":998},{"id":113441,"depth":88,"text":113442},{"id":122813,"depth":88,"text":122814},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":123044},[123045,123047,123049,123051,123053],{"id":122915,"depth":109,"text":123046},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":122923,"depth":109,"text":123048},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":122932,"depth":109,"text":123050},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":122941,"depth":109,"text":123052},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":122950,"depth":109,"text":123054},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":42047,"description":123056},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123063,"title":123064,"body":123065,"description":124518,"extension":1853,"meta":124519,"navigation":112,"path":124520,"seo":124521,"stem":124522,"__hash__":124523},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123066,"toc":124480},[123067,123073,123079,123082,123104,123106,123168,123170,123183,123189,123194,123199,123201,123214,123225,123227,123254,123256,123273,123280,123291,123293,123298,123300,123312,123320,123329,123331,123334,123387,123389,123397,123405,123409,123414,123454,123456,123464,123467,123469,123509,123511,123519,123529,123535,123538,123611,123613,123626,123630,123635,123663,123666,123701,123703,123711,123714,123718,123722,123724,123740,123742,123782,123784,123792,123801,123844,123846,123854,123856,123860,123866,123869,123909,123911,123919,123924,123927,123970,123974,123977,124012,124017,124019,124058,124068,124076,124086,124094,124098,124103,124105,124146,124148,124156,124161,124164,124167,124185,124191,124195,124200,124203,124243,124245,124250,124349,124352,124368,124370,124389,124391,124398,124401,124407,124410,124416,124420,124426,124429,124435,124438,124440,124477],[10,123068,123070,123071,18],{"id":123069},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[15,123072,57003],{},[20,123074,123075,123076,123078],{},"The Python string ",[15,123077,57003],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,123080,123081],{},"This reference page explains:",[194,123083,123084,123088,123091,123093,123101],{},[197,123085,25889,123086,187],{},[15,123087,57003],{},[197,123089,123090],{},"its syntax",[197,123092,35269],{},[197,123094,123095,123096,960,123098,123100],{},"how ",[15,123097,35948],{},[15,123099,52532],{}," work",[197,123102,123103],{},"common beginner mistakes",[39,123105,42],{"id":41},[44,123107,123109],{"className":46,"code":123108,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123110,123111,123123,123145],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123112,123113,123115,123117,123119,123121],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123114,34561],{"class":59},[53,123116,31],{"class":63},[53,123118,240],{"class":228},[53,123120,243],{"class":232},[53,123122,1682],{"class":228},[53,123124,123125,123127,123129,123131,123133,123135,123137,123139,123141,123143],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,123126,145],{"class":144},[53,123128,127],{"class":66},[53,123130,34582],{"class":102},[53,123132,99],{"class":66},[53,123134,41131],{"class":102},[53,123136,127],{"class":66},[53,123138,229],{"class":228},[53,123140,758],{"class":232},[53,123142,229],{"class":228},[53,123144,1713],{"class":66},[53,123146,123147,123149,123151,123153,123155,123157,123159,123161,123164,123166],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,123148,145],{"class":144},[53,123150,127],{"class":66},[53,123152,34582],{"class":102},[53,123154,99],{"class":66},[53,123156,41131],{"class":102},[53,123158,127],{"class":66},[53,123160,229],{"class":228},[53,123162,123163],{"class":232},"na",[53,123165,229],{"class":228},[53,123167,1713],{"class":66},[20,123169,301],{},[44,123171,123173],{"className":46,"code":123172,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"3\n2\n",[15,123174,123175,123179],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123176,123177],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123178,46489],{"class":70},[53,123180,123181],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,123182,16926],{"class":70},[20,123184,174,123185,123188],{},[15,123186,123187],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[39,123190,12880,123192,12883],{"id":123191},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,123193,57003],{},[20,123195,123196,123198],{},[15,123197,57003],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,123200,12936],{},[194,123202,123203,123206,123209,123211],{},[197,123204,123205],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[197,123207,123208],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[197,123210,43530],{},[197,123212,123213],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,123215,123216,123217,123219,123220,2076,123222,123224],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,123218,17963],{}," characters are in ",[15,123221,64989],{},[15,123223,57003],{}," is a simple choice.",[39,123226,372],{"id":371},[44,123228,123230],{"className":46,"code":123229,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,123231,123232],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123233,123234,123236,123238,123240,123242,123244,123246,123248,123250,123252],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123235,60888],{"class":59},[53,123237,99],{"class":66},[53,123239,41131],{"class":102},[53,123241,127],{"class":66},[53,123243,2360],{"class":102},[53,123245,74],{"class":66},[53,123247,35927],{"class":102},[53,123249,74],{"class":66},[53,123251,64755],{"class":102},[53,123253,133],{"class":66},[1327,123255,17265],{"id":17264},[194,123257,123258,123263,123268],{},[197,123259,123260,123262],{},[15,123261,2360],{},": the text to search for",[197,123264,123265,123267],{},[15,123266,35948],{},": optional; where counting begins",[197,123269,123270,123272],{},[15,123271,52532],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,123274,123275,960,123277,123279],{},[15,123276,35948],{},[15,123278,52532],{}," work like slice positions:",[194,123281,123282,123287],{},[197,123283,123284,123286],{},[15,123285,35948],{}," is included",[197,123288,123289,75456],{},[15,123290,52532],{},[39,123292,998],{"id":997},[20,123294,123295,123297],{},[15,123296,57003],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,123299,2013],{},[194,123301,123302,123307],{},[197,123303,123304,123305],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,123306,815],{},[197,123308,123309,123310],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,123311,852],{},[20,123313,1006,123314,5044,123316,2765,123318,99],{},[34,123315,36],{},[15,123317,3492],{},[15,123319,3560],{},[20,123321,123322,123323,123328],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[758,123324,123326,101316],{"href":123325},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,123327,3771],{}," is often a better fit.",[39,123330,11364],{"id":11363},[20,123332,123333],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[44,123335,123337],{"className":46,"code":123336,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,123338,123339,123351,123373,123377],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123340,123341,123343,123345,123347,123349],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123342,34561],{"class":59},[53,123344,31],{"class":63},[53,123346,240],{"class":228},[53,123348,233],{"class":232},[53,123350,1682],{"class":228},[53,123352,123353,123355,123357,123359,123361,123363,123365,123367,123369,123371],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,123354,2117],{"class":59},[53,123356,31],{"class":63},[53,123358,42713],{"class":59},[53,123360,99],{"class":66},[53,123362,41131],{"class":102},[53,123364,127],{"class":66},[53,123366,229],{"class":228},[53,123368,20],{"class":232},[53,123370,229],{"class":228},[53,123372,133],{"class":66},[53,123374,123375],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,123376,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,123378,123379,123381,123383,123385],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,123380,145],{"class":144},[53,123382,127],{"class":66},[53,123384,2152],{"class":102},[53,123386,133],{"class":66},[20,123388,301],{},[44,123390,123391],{"className":46,"code":16926,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,123392,123393],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123394,123395],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123396,16926],{"class":70},[20,123398,63534,123399,123402,123403,99],{},[15,123400,123401],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,123404,57546],{},[39,123406,123408],{"id":123407},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,123410,123411,123413],{},[15,123412,57003],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[44,123415,123417],{"className":46,"code":123416,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,123418,123419,123432],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123420,123421,123423,123425,123427,123430],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123422,34561],{"class":59},[53,123424,31],{"class":63},[53,123426,240],{"class":228},[53,123428,123429],{"class":232},"cat dog cat bird cat",[53,123431,1682],{"class":228},[53,123433,123434,123436,123438,123440,123442,123444,123446,123448,123450,123452],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,123435,145],{"class":144},[53,123437,127],{"class":66},[53,123439,34582],{"class":102},[53,123441,99],{"class":66},[53,123443,41131],{"class":102},[53,123445,127],{"class":66},[53,123447,229],{"class":228},[53,123449,36921],{"class":232},[53,123451,229],{"class":228},[53,123453,1713],{"class":66},[20,123455,301],{},[44,123457,123458],{"className":46,"code":46489,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,123459,123460],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123461,123462],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123463,46489],{"class":70},[20,123465,123466],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,123468,211],{},[44,123470,123472],{"className":46,"code":123471,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,123473,123474,123487],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123475,123476,123478,123480,123482,123485],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123477,34561],{"class":59},[53,123479,31],{"class":63},[53,123481,240],{"class":228},[53,123483,123484],{"class":232},"one One one",[53,123486,1682],{"class":228},[53,123488,123489,123491,123493,123495,123497,123499,123501,123503,123505,123507],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,123490,145],{"class":144},[53,123492,127],{"class":66},[53,123494,34582],{"class":102},[53,123496,99],{"class":66},[53,123498,41131],{"class":102},[53,123500,127],{"class":66},[53,123502,229],{"class":228},[53,123504,6472],{"class":232},[53,123506,229],{"class":228},[53,123508,1713],{"class":66},[20,123510,301],{},[44,123512,123513],{"className":46,"code":16926,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,123514,123515],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123516,123517],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123518,16926],{"class":70},[20,123520,123521,123522,123525,123526,123528],{},"The uppercase ",[15,123523,123524],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,123527,57003],{}," is case-sensitive.",[39,123530,485,123531,960,123533],{"id":65121},[15,123532,35948],{},[15,123534,52532],{},[20,123536,123537],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[44,123539,123541],{"className":46,"code":123540,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,123542,123543,123555,123581],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123544,123545,123547,123549,123551,123553],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123546,34561],{"class":59},[53,123548,31],{"class":63},[53,123550,240],{"class":228},[53,123552,243],{"class":232},[53,123554,1682],{"class":228},[53,123556,123557,123559,123561,123563,123565,123567,123569,123571,123573,123575,123577,123579],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,123558,145],{"class":144},[53,123560,127],{"class":66},[53,123562,34582],{"class":102},[53,123564,99],{"class":66},[53,123566,41131],{"class":102},[53,123568,127],{"class":66},[53,123570,229],{"class":228},[53,123572,758],{"class":232},[53,123574,229],{"class":228},[53,123576,74],{"class":66},[53,123578,77],{"class":70},[53,123580,1713],{"class":66},[53,123582,123583,123585,123587,123589,123591,123593,123595,123597,123599,123601,123603,123605,123607,123609],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,123584,145],{"class":144},[53,123586,127],{"class":66},[53,123588,34582],{"class":102},[53,123590,99],{"class":66},[53,123592,41131],{"class":102},[53,123594,127],{"class":66},[53,123596,229],{"class":228},[53,123598,758],{"class":232},[53,123600,229],{"class":228},[53,123602,74],{"class":66},[53,123604,77],{"class":70},[53,123606,74],{"class":66},[53,123608,4491],{"class":70},[53,123610,1713],{"class":66},[20,123612,301],{},[44,123614,123616],{"className":46,"code":123615,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"2\n1\n",[15,123617,123618,123622],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123619,123620],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123621,16926],{"class":70},[53,123623,123624],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,123625,46789],{"class":70},[1327,123627,123629],{"id":123628},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,123631,123632,123633,192],{},"In ",[15,123634,64989],{},[194,123636,123637,123645,123653],{},[197,123638,70680,123639,123641,123642],{},[15,123640,1589],{}," starts at the first ",[15,123643,123644],{},"\"n\"",[197,123646,123647,123650,123651,75754],{},[15,123648,123649],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,123652,1589],{},[197,123654,123655,123650,123658,123660,123661],{},[15,123656,123657],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,123659,1589],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,123662,2024],{},[20,123664,123665],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[44,123667,123669],{"className":46,"code":123668,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,123670,123671,123683],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123672,123673,123675,123677,123679,123681],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123674,34561],{"class":59},[53,123676,31],{"class":63},[53,123678,240],{"class":228},[53,123680,243],{"class":232},[53,123682,1682],{"class":228},[53,123684,123685,123687,123689,123691,123693,123695,123697,123699],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,123686,145],{"class":144},[53,123688,127],{"class":66},[53,123690,34582],{"class":102},[53,123692,311],{"class":66},[53,123694,1589],{"class":70},[53,123696,192],{"class":66},[53,123698,2024],{"class":70},[53,123700,3777],{"class":66},[20,123702,301],{},[44,123704,123705],{"className":46,"code":41340,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,123706,123707],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123708,123709],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123710,41340],{"class":59},[20,123712,123713],{},"Only that section is searched.",[39,123715,123717],{"id":123716},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,123719,123720,123528],{},[15,123721,57003],{},[20,123723,775],{},[194,123725,123726,123734],{},[197,123727,123728,960,123730,123733],{},[15,123729,17963],{},[15,123731,123732],{},"\"A\""," are different",[197,123735,123736,960,123738,123733],{},[15,123737,64249],{},[15,123739,90133],{},[20,123741,211],{},[44,123743,123745],{"className":46,"code":123744,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123746,123747,123760],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123748,123749,123751,123753,123755,123758],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123750,34561],{"class":59},[53,123752,31],{"class":63},[53,123754,240],{"class":228},[53,123756,123757],{"class":232},"Apple apple APPLE",[53,123759,1682],{"class":228},[53,123761,123762,123764,123766,123768,123770,123772,123774,123776,123778,123780],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,123763,145],{"class":144},[53,123765,127],{"class":66},[53,123767,34582],{"class":102},[53,123769,99],{"class":66},[53,123771,41131],{"class":102},[53,123773,127],{"class":66},[53,123775,229],{"class":228},[53,123777,233],{"class":232},[53,123779,229],{"class":228},[53,123781,1713],{"class":66},[20,123783,301],{},[44,123785,123786],{"className":46,"code":46789,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,123787,123788],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123789,123790],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123791,46789],{"class":70},[20,123793,123794,123795,192],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[758,123796,123798],{"href":123797},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,123799,123800],{},"lower()",[44,123802,123804],{"className":46,"code":123803,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123805,123806,123818],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123807,123808,123810,123812,123814,123816],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123809,34561],{"class":59},[53,123811,31],{"class":63},[53,123813,240],{"class":228},[53,123815,123757],{"class":232},[53,123817,1682],{"class":228},[53,123819,123820,123822,123824,123826,123828,123830,123832,123834,123836,123838,123840,123842],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,123821,145],{"class":144},[53,123823,127],{"class":66},[53,123825,34582],{"class":102},[53,123827,99],{"class":66},[53,123829,8527],{"class":102},[53,123831,8524],{"class":66},[53,123833,41131],{"class":102},[53,123835,127],{"class":66},[53,123837,229],{"class":228},[53,123839,233],{"class":232},[53,123841,229],{"class":228},[53,123843,1713],{"class":66},[20,123845,301],{},[44,123847,123848],{"className":46,"code":46489,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,123849,123850],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123851,123852],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123853,46489],{"class":70},[39,123855,2716],{"id":2715},[20,123857,22964,123858,99],{},[15,123859,57003],{},[1327,123861,8339,123863,123865],{"id":123862},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,123864,57003],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,123867,123868],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[44,123870,123872],{"className":46,"code":123871,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123873,123874,123887],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123875,123876,123878,123880,123882,123885],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123877,34561],{"class":59},[53,123879,31],{"class":63},[53,123881,240],{"class":228},[53,123883,123884],{"class":232},"Aardvark",[53,123886,1682],{"class":228},[53,123888,123889,123891,123893,123895,123897,123899,123901,123903,123905,123907],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,123890,145],{"class":144},[53,123892,127],{"class":66},[53,123894,34582],{"class":102},[53,123896,99],{"class":66},[53,123898,41131],{"class":102},[53,123900,127],{"class":66},[53,123902,229],{"class":228},[53,123904,758],{"class":232},[53,123906,229],{"class":228},[53,123908,1713],{"class":66},[20,123910,301],{},[44,123912,123913],{"className":46,"code":16926,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,123914,123915],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123916,123917],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123918,16926],{"class":70},[20,123920,123521,123921,123923],{},[15,123922,123732],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,123925,123926],{},"If needed, convert first:",[44,123928,123930],{"className":46,"code":123929,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123931,123932,123944],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123933,123934,123936,123938,123940,123942],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123935,34561],{"class":59},[53,123937,31],{"class":63},[53,123939,240],{"class":228},[53,123941,123884],{"class":232},[53,123943,1682],{"class":228},[53,123945,123946,123948,123950,123952,123954,123956,123958,123960,123962,123964,123966,123968],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,123947,145],{"class":144},[53,123949,127],{"class":66},[53,123951,34582],{"class":102},[53,123953,99],{"class":66},[53,123955,8527],{"class":102},[53,123957,8524],{"class":66},[53,123959,41131],{"class":102},[53,123961,127],{"class":66},[53,123963,229],{"class":228},[53,123965,758],{"class":232},[53,123967,229],{"class":228},[53,123969,1713],{"class":66},[1327,123971,123973],{"id":123972},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,123975,123976],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[44,123978,123980],{"className":46,"code":123979,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,123981,123982,123994],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123983,123984,123986,123988,123990,123992],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123985,34561],{"class":59},[53,123987,31],{"class":63},[53,123989,240],{"class":228},[53,123991,243],{"class":232},[53,123993,1682],{"class":228},[53,123995,123996,123998,124000,124002,124004,124006,124008,124010],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,123997,145],{"class":144},[53,123999,127],{"class":66},[53,124001,34582],{"class":102},[53,124003,99],{"class":66},[53,124005,41131],{"class":102},[53,124007,127],{"class":66},[53,124009,758],{"class":102},[53,124011,1713],{"class":66},[20,124013,124014,124015,99],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,124016,758],{},[20,124018,10695],{},[44,124020,124022],{"className":46,"code":124021,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124023,124024,124036],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124025,124026,124028,124030,124032,124034],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124027,34561],{"class":59},[53,124029,31],{"class":63},[53,124031,240],{"class":228},[53,124033,243],{"class":232},[53,124035,1682],{"class":228},[53,124037,124038,124040,124042,124044,124046,124048,124050,124052,124054,124056],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,124039,145],{"class":144},[53,124041,127],{"class":66},[53,124043,34582],{"class":102},[53,124045,99],{"class":66},[53,124047,41131],{"class":102},[53,124049,127],{"class":66},[53,124051,229],{"class":228},[53,124053,758],{"class":232},[53,124055,229],{"class":228},[53,124057,1713],{"class":66},[1327,124059,37078,124061,8591,124063,2765,124066],{"id":124060},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,124062,57003],{},[15,124064,124065],{},"find()",[15,124067,58681],{},[20,124069,174,124070,124072,124073,99],{},[15,124071,57003],{}," when you need the ",[34,124074,124075],{},"number of matches",[20,124077,174,124078,124072,124083,124085],{},[758,124079,124081],{"href":124080},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,124082,124065],{},[34,124084,64661],{}," of the first match.",[20,124087,174,124088,124093],{},[758,124089,124091],{"href":124090},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,124092,58681],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[1327,124095,124097],{"id":124096},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,124099,124100,124102],{},[15,124101,57003],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,124104,211],{},[44,124106,124108],{"className":46,"code":124107,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,124109,124110,124123],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124111,124112,124114,124116,124118,124121],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124113,34561],{"class":59},[53,124115,31],{"class":63},[53,124117,240],{"class":228},[53,124119,124120],{"class":232},"aaaa",[53,124122,1682],{"class":228},[53,124124,124125,124127,124129,124131,124133,124135,124137,124139,124142,124144],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,124126,145],{"class":144},[53,124128,127],{"class":66},[53,124130,34582],{"class":102},[53,124132,99],{"class":66},[53,124134,41131],{"class":102},[53,124136,127],{"class":66},[53,124138,229],{"class":228},[53,124140,124141],{"class":232},"aa",[53,124143,229],{"class":228},[53,124145,1713],{"class":66},[20,124147,301],{},[44,124149,124150],{"className":46,"code":16926,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,124151,124152],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124153,124154],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124155,16926],{"class":70},[20,124157,124158,124159,99],{},"It does not return ",[15,124160,815],{},[20,124162,124163],{},"Why not?",[20,124165,124166],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[194,124168,124169,124178],{},[197,124170,124171,124174,124175],{},[15,124172,124173],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,124176,124177],{},"0-1",[197,124179,124180,124174,124182],{},[15,124181,124173],{},[15,124183,124184],{},"2-3",[20,124186,124187,124188,99],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,124189,124190],{},"1-2",[39,124192,1145,124193],{"id":58086},[15,124194,57003],{},[20,124196,174,124197,124199],{},[15,124198,57003],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,124201,124202],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[194,124204,124205,124214,124224,124234],{},[197,124206,174,124207,124209,124210,124213],{},[15,124208,57003],{}," when you need ",[34,124211,124212],{},"how many times"," something appears",[197,124215,174,124216,124209,124220,124223],{},[758,124217,124218],{"href":124080},[15,124219,124065],{},[34,124221,124222],{},"where"," it appears",[197,124225,47683,124226,124230,124231],{},[758,124227,124228,101316],{"href":123325},[15,124229,3771],{}," when you only need to know ",[34,124232,124233],{},"if it exists",[197,124235,174,124236,124242],{},[758,124237,124239],{"href":124238},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,124240,124241],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[39,124244,25812],{"id":25811},[20,124246,8762,124247,124249],{},[15,124248,57003],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[44,124251,124253],{"className":46,"code":124252,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,124254,124255,124265,124279,124301,124327],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124256,124257,124259,124261,124263],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124258,145],{"class":144},[53,124260,127],{"class":66},[53,124262,34582],{"class":102},[53,124264,133],{"class":66},[53,124266,124267,124269,124271,124273,124275,124277],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,124268,145],{"class":144},[53,124270,127],{"class":66},[53,124272,1705],{"class":1704},[53,124274,127],{"class":66},[53,124276,34582],{"class":102},[53,124278,1713],{"class":66},[53,124280,124281,124283,124285,124287,124289,124291,124293,124295,124297,124299],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,124282,145],{"class":144},[53,124284,127],{"class":66},[53,124286,34582],{"class":102},[53,124288,99],{"class":66},[53,124290,41131],{"class":102},[53,124292,127],{"class":66},[53,124294,229],{"class":228},[53,124296,758],{"class":232},[53,124298,229],{"class":228},[53,124300,1713],{"class":66},[53,124302,124303,124305,124307,124309,124311,124313,124315,124317,124319,124321,124323,124325],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,124304,145],{"class":144},[53,124306,127],{"class":66},[53,124308,34582],{"class":102},[53,124310,99],{"class":66},[53,124312,8527],{"class":102},[53,124314,8524],{"class":66},[53,124316,41131],{"class":102},[53,124318,127],{"class":66},[53,124320,229],{"class":228},[53,124322,758],{"class":232},[53,124324,229],{"class":228},[53,124326,1713],{"class":66},[53,124328,124329,124331,124333,124335,124337,124339,124341,124343,124345,124347],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,124330,145],{"class":144},[53,124332,127],{"class":66},[53,124334,34582],{"class":102},[53,124336,99],{"class":66},[53,124338,41131],{"class":102},[53,124340,127],{"class":66},[53,124342,229],{"class":228},[53,124344,123163],{"class":232},[53,124346,229],{"class":228},[53,124348,1713],{"class":66},[20,124350,124351],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[194,124353,124354,124357,124362,124365],{},[197,124355,124356],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[197,124358,124359,124361],{},[15,124360,34582],{}," not being a string",[197,124363,124364],{},"counting the wrong substring",[197,124366,124367],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,124369,58575],{},[194,124371,124372,124375,124378,124381],{},[197,124373,124374],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[197,124376,124377],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[197,124379,124380],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[197,124382,50365,124383,44501,124385,2765,124387,73026],{},[15,124384,57003],{},[15,124386,124065],{},[15,124388,3771],{},[39,124390,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,124392,124394,124395,124397],{"id":124393},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,124396,57003],{}," change the original string?",[20,124399,124400],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[1327,124402,1756,124404,124406],{"id":124403},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,124405,57003],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,124408,124409],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[1327,124411,5025,124413,124415],{"id":124412},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,124414,57003],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,124417,5031,124418,99],{},[15,124419,852],{},[1327,124421,5053,124423,124425],{"id":124422},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,124424,57003],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,124427,124428],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[1327,124430,1729,124432,124434],{"id":124431},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,124433,57003],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,124436,124437],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[39,124439,1788],{"id":1787},[194,124441,124442,124449,124456,124463,124470],{},[197,124443,124444],{},[758,124445,124446],{"href":124080},[15,124447,124448],{},"Python string find() method",[197,124450,124451],{},[758,124452,124453],{"href":124090},[15,124454,124455],{},"Python string index() method",[197,124457,124458],{},[758,124459,124460],{"href":123797},[15,124461,124462],{},"Python string lower() method",[197,124464,124465],{},[758,124466,124467],{"href":123325},[15,124468,124469],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[197,124471,124472],{},[758,124473,124474],{"href":124238},[15,124475,124476],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[1817,124478,124479],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":124481},[124482,124483,124485,124488,124489,124490,124491,124494,124495,124503,124504,124505,124517],{"id":41,"depth":88,"text":42},{"id":123191,"depth":88,"text":124484},"What the count() method does",{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372,"children":124486},[124487],{"id":17264,"depth":109,"text":17265},{"id":997,"depth":88,"text":998},{"id":11363,"depth":88,"text":11364},{"id":123407,"depth":88,"text":123408},{"id":65121,"depth":88,"text":65904,"children":124492},[124493],{"id":123628,"depth":109,"text":123629},{"id":123716,"depth":88,"text":123717},{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716,"children":124496},[124497,124499,124500,124502],{"id":123862,"depth":109,"text":124498},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":123972,"depth":109,"text":123973},{"id":124060,"depth":109,"text":124501},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124096,"depth":109,"text":124097},{"id":58086,"depth":88,"text":58717},{"id":25811,"depth":88,"text":25812},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":124506},[124507,124509,124511,124513,124515],{"id":124393,"depth":109,"text":124508},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124403,"depth":109,"text":124510},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124412,"depth":109,"text":124512},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124422,"depth":109,"text":124514},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124431,"depth":109,"text":124516},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123064,"description":124518},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124525,"title":124526,"body":124527,"description":126112,"extension":1853,"meta":126113,"navigation":112,"path":126114,"seo":126115,"stem":126116,"__hash__":126117},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124528,"toc":126085},[124529,124532,124535,124632,124641,124643,124662,124666,124669,124672,124685,124688,124717,124722,124727,124785,124787,124820,124826,124830,124833,124836,124865,124868,124895,124898,124901,124905,124908,124915,124978,124980,124998,125001,125005,125008,125011,125053,125056,125100,125103,125106,125110,125115,125118,125161,125163,125186,125189,125222,125225,125274,125284,125288,125291,125294,125323,125326,125337,125339,125398,125401,125405,125408,125411,125426,125435,125438,125472,125475,125502,125505,125512,125514,125517,125519,125522,125536,125545,125547,125574,125578,125581,125595,125598,125657,125661,125664,125691,125694,125721,125729,125732,125792,125794,125827,125831,125834,125853,125858,125907,125912,125914,125917,125976,125994,125996,126000,126008,126012,126015,126019,126025,126029,126039,126043,126046,126048,126082],[10,124530,124526],{"id":124531},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,124533,124534],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[44,124536,124538],{"className":46,"code":124537,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,124539,124540,124552,124564,124573,124587,124591,124601,124611,124622],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124541,124542,124544,124546,124548,124550],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124543,1672],{"class":59},[53,124545,31],{"class":63},[53,124547,240],{"class":228},[53,124549,1679],{"class":232},[53,124551,1682],{"class":228},[53,124553,124554,124556,124558,124560,124562],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,124555,89722],{"class":59},[53,124557,31],{"class":63},[53,124559,323],{"class":228},[53,124561,34741],{"class":232},[53,124563,29571],{"class":228},[53,124565,124566,124569,124571],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,124567,124568],{"class":59},"empty ",[53,124570,31],{"class":63},[53,124572,7766],{"class":228},[53,124574,124575,124577,124579,124581,124583,124585],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,124576,34561],{"class":59},[53,124578,31],{"class":63},[53,124580,48777],{"class":1704},[53,124582,127],{"class":66},[53,124584,50119],{"class":70},[53,124586,133],{"class":66},[53,124588,124589],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,124590,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,124592,124593,124595,124597,124599],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,124594,145],{"class":144},[53,124596,127],{"class":66},[53,124598,1710],{"class":102},[53,124600,133],{"class":66},[53,124602,124603,124605,124607,124609],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,124604,145],{"class":144},[53,124606,127],{"class":66},[53,124608,89739],{"class":102},[53,124610,133],{"class":66},[53,124612,124613,124615,124617,124620],{"class":55,"line":6312},[53,124614,145],{"class":144},[53,124616,127],{"class":66},[53,124618,124619],{"class":102},"empty",[53,124621,133],{"class":66},[53,124623,124624,124626,124628,124630],{"class":55,"line":6318},[53,124625,145],{"class":144},[53,124627,127],{"class":66},[53,124629,34582],{"class":102},[53,124631,133],{"class":66},[20,124633,124634,124637,124638,124640],{},[34,124635,124636],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,124639,47556],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[39,124642,15033],{"id":15032},[194,124644,124645,124648,124651,124654,124659],{},[197,124646,124647],{},"What a string is in Python",[197,124649,124650],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[197,124652,124653],{},"How to create an empty string",[197,124655,124656,124657],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,124658,47556],{},[197,124660,124661],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[39,124663,124665],{"id":124664},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,124667,124668],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,124670,124671],{},"Strings can contain:",[194,124673,124674,124677,124679,124682],{},[197,124675,124676],{},"Letters",[197,124678,981],{},[197,124680,124681],{},"Spaces",[197,124683,124684],{},"Symbols",[20,124686,124687],{},"Examples of strings:",[44,124689,124691],{"className":46,"code":124690,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,124692,124693,124701,124709],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124694,124695,124697,124699],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124696,229],{"class":43200},[53,124698,3732],{"class":43204},[53,124700,1682],{"class":43200},[53,124702,124703,124705,124707],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,124704,229],{"class":43200},[53,124706,50119],{"class":43204},[53,124708,1682],{"class":43200},[53,124710,124711,124713,124715],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,124712,229],{"class":43200},[53,124714,88864],{"class":43204},[53,124716,1682],{"class":43200},[20,124718,20846,124719,124721],{},[15,124720,50169],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,124723,124724,124725,192],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,124726,2190],{},[44,124728,124730],{"className":46,"code":124729,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,124731,124732,124744,124753,124757,124771],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124733,124734,124736,124738,124740,124742],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124735,34561],{"class":59},[53,124737,31],{"class":63},[53,124739,240],{"class":228},[53,124741,50119],{"class":232},[53,124743,1682],{"class":228},[53,124745,124746,124748,124750],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,124747,2104],{"class":59},[53,124749,31],{"class":63},[53,124751,124752],{"class":70}," 123\n",[53,124754,124755],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,124756,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,124758,124759,124761,124763,124765,124767,124769],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,124760,145],{"class":144},[53,124762,127],{"class":66},[53,124764,1705],{"class":1704},[53,124766,127],{"class":66},[53,124768,34582],{"class":102},[53,124770,1713],{"class":66},[53,124772,124773,124775,124777,124779,124781,124783],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,124774,145],{"class":144},[53,124776,127],{"class":66},[53,124778,1705],{"class":1704},[53,124780,127],{"class":66},[53,124782,2127],{"class":102},[53,124784,1713],{"class":66},[20,124786,301],{},[44,124788,124790],{"className":46,"code":124789,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,124791,124792,124806],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124793,124794,124796,124798,124800,124802,124804],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124795,3178],{"class":63},[53,124797,3181],{"class":1954},[53,124799,323],{"class":228},[53,124801,3330],{"class":232},[53,124803,314],{"class":228},[53,124805,3190],{"class":63},[53,124807,124808,124810,124812,124814,124816,124818],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,124809,3178],{"class":63},[53,124811,3181],{"class":1954},[53,124813,323],{"class":228},[53,124815,2075],{"class":232},[53,124817,314],{"class":228},[53,124819,3190],{"class":63},[20,124821,124822,124823,99],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[758,124824,124825],{"href":50848},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[39,124827,124829],{"id":124828},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,124831,124832],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,124834,124835],{},"You can use single quotes:",[44,124837,124839],{"className":46,"code":124838,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124840,124841,124854],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124842,124843,124846,124848,124850,124852],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124844,124845],{"class":59},"greeting ",[53,124847,31],{"class":63},[53,124849,323],{"class":228},[53,124851,3732],{"class":232},[53,124853,29571],{"class":228},[53,124855,124856,124858,124860,124863],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,124857,145],{"class":144},[53,124859,127],{"class":66},[53,124861,124862],{"class":102},"greeting",[53,124864,133],{"class":66},[20,124866,124867],{},"Or double quotes:",[44,124869,124871],{"className":46,"code":124870,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124872,124873,124885],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124874,124875,124877,124879,124881,124883],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124876,124845],{"class":59},[53,124878,31],{"class":63},[53,124880,240],{"class":228},[53,124882,3732],{"class":232},[53,124884,1682],{"class":228},[53,124886,124887,124889,124891,124893],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,124888,145],{"class":144},[53,124890,127],{"class":66},[53,124892,124862],{"class":102},[53,124894,133],{"class":66},[20,124896,124897],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,124899,124900],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[39,124902,124904],{"id":124903},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,124906,124907],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,124909,124910,124911,2765,124913,192],{},"Use either ",[15,124912,6158],{},[15,124914,3659],{},[44,124916,124918],{"className":46,"code":124917,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,124919,124920,124929,124938,124942,124953,124964],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124921,124922,124925,124927],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124923,124924],{"class":59},"empty1 ",[53,124926,31],{"class":63},[53,124928,7766],{"class":228},[53,124930,124931,124934,124936],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,124932,124933],{"class":59},"empty2 ",[53,124935,31],{"class":63},[53,124937,47368],{"class":228},[53,124939,124940],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,124941,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,124943,124944,124946,124948,124951],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,124945,145],{"class":144},[53,124947,127],{"class":66},[53,124949,124950],{"class":102},"empty1",[53,124952,133],{"class":66},[53,124954,124955,124957,124959,124962],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,124956,145],{"class":144},[53,124958,127],{"class":66},[53,124960,124961],{"class":102},"empty2",[53,124963,133],{"class":66},[53,124965,124966,124968,124970,124972,124974,124976],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,124967,145],{"class":144},[53,124969,127],{"class":66},[53,124971,1705],{"class":1704},[53,124973,127],{"class":66},[53,124975,124950],{"class":102},[53,124977,1713],{"class":66},[20,124979,301],{},[44,124981,124982],{"className":46,"code":45642,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,124983,124984],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124985,124986,124988,124990,124992,124994,124996],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124987,3178],{"class":63},[53,124989,3181],{"class":1954},[53,124991,323],{"class":228},[53,124993,3330],{"class":232},[53,124995,314],{"class":228},[53,124997,3190],{"class":63},[20,124999,125000],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[39,125002,125004],{"id":125003},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,125006,125007],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,125009,125010],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[44,125012,125014],{"className":46,"code":125013,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125015,125016,125027,125032,125039,125043],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125017,125018,125020,125022,125025],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125019,89722],{"class":59},[53,125021,31],{"class":63},[53,125023,125024],{"class":228}," \"\"\"",[53,125026,88664],{"class":232},[53,125028,125029],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,125030,125031],{"class":232},"Welcome to Python\n",[53,125033,125034,125037],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,125035,125036],{"class":232},"Have a nice day",[53,125038,43208],{"class":228},[53,125040,125041],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,125042,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,125044,125045,125047,125049,125051],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,125046,145],{"class":144},[53,125048,127],{"class":66},[53,125050,89739],{"class":102},[53,125052,133],{"class":66},[20,125054,125055],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[44,125057,125059],{"className":46,"code":125058,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125060,125061,125073,125078,125086,125090],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125062,125063,125065,125067,125070],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125064,89722],{"class":59},[53,125066,31],{"class":63},[53,125068,125069],{"class":228}," '''",[53,125071,125072],{"class":232},"Line 1\n",[53,125074,125075],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,125076,125077],{"class":232},"Line 2\n",[53,125079,125080,125083],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,125081,125082],{"class":232},"Line 3",[53,125084,125085],{"class":228},"'''\n",[53,125087,125088],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,125089,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,125091,125092,125094,125096,125098],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,125093,145],{"class":144},[53,125095,127],{"class":66},[53,125097,89739],{"class":102},[53,125099,133],{"class":66},[20,125101,125102],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,125104,125105],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[39,125107,125109],{"id":125108},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,125111,1870,125112,125114],{},[15,125113,47556],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,125116,125117],{},"Example with a number:",[44,125119,125121],{"className":46,"code":125120,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,125122,125123,125137,125147],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125124,125125,125127,125129,125131,125133,125135],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125126,34561],{"class":59},[53,125128,31],{"class":63},[53,125130,48777],{"class":1704},[53,125132,127],{"class":66},[53,125134,46398],{"class":70},[53,125136,133],{"class":66},[53,125138,125139,125141,125143,125145],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,125140,145],{"class":144},[53,125142,127],{"class":66},[53,125144,34582],{"class":102},[53,125146,133],{"class":66},[53,125148,125149,125151,125153,125155,125157,125159],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,125150,145],{"class":144},[53,125152,127],{"class":66},[53,125154,1705],{"class":1704},[53,125156,127],{"class":66},[53,125158,34582],{"class":102},[53,125160,1713],{"class":66},[20,125162,301],{},[44,125164,125166],{"className":46,"code":125165,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125167,125168,125172],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125169,125170],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125171,46484],{"class":70},[53,125173,125174,125176,125178,125180,125182,125184],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,125175,3178],{"class":63},[53,125177,3181],{"class":1954},[53,125179,323],{"class":228},[53,125181,3330],{"class":232},[53,125183,314],{"class":228},[53,125185,3190],{"class":63},[20,125187,125188],{},"You can also convert other values:",[44,125190,125192],{"className":46,"code":125191,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,125193,125194,125208],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125195,125196,125198,125200,125202,125204,125206],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125197,145],{"class":144},[53,125199,127],{"class":66},[53,125201,3330],{"class":1704},[53,125203,127],{"class":66},[53,125205,3492],{"class":3739},[53,125207,1713],{"class":66},[53,125209,125210,125212,125214,125216,125218,125220],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,125211,145],{"class":144},[53,125213,127],{"class":66},[53,125215,3330],{"class":1704},[53,125217,127],{"class":66},[53,125219,40016],{"class":70},[53,125221,1713],{"class":66},[20,125223,125224],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[44,125226,125228],{"className":46,"code":125227,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125229,125230,125238,125260,125264],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125231,125232,125234,125236],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125233,21497],{"class":59},[53,125235,31],{"class":63},[53,125237,45097],{"class":70},[53,125239,125240,125242,125244,125246,125248,125250,125252,125254,125256,125258],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,125241,89722],{"class":59},[53,125243,31],{"class":63},[53,125245,240],{"class":228},[53,125247,89140],{"class":232},[53,125249,229],{"class":228},[53,125251,2342],{"class":63},[53,125253,48777],{"class":1704},[53,125255,127],{"class":66},[53,125257,9187],{"class":102},[53,125259,133],{"class":66},[53,125261,125262],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,125263,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,125265,125266,125268,125270,125272],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,125267,145],{"class":144},[53,125269,127],{"class":66},[53,125271,89739],{"class":102},[53,125273,133],{"class":66},[20,125275,125276,125277,2765,125281,99],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[758,125278,3463,125279,3396],{"href":42046},[15,125280,47556],{},[758,125282,125283],{"href":122995},"how to convert int to string in Python",[39,125285,125287],{"id":125286},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,125289,125290],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,125292,125293],{},"Both of these are valid:",[44,125295,125297],{"className":46,"code":125296,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,125298,125299,125311],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125300,125301,125303,125305,125307,125309],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125302,1345],{"class":59},[53,125304,31],{"class":63},[53,125306,323],{"class":228},[53,125308,7184],{"class":232},[53,125310,29571],{"class":228},[53,125312,125313,125315,125317,125319,125321],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,125314,1366],{"class":59},[53,125316,31],{"class":63},[53,125318,240],{"class":228},[53,125320,7184],{"class":232},[53,125322,1682],{"class":228},[20,125324,125325],{},"A common rule is:",[194,125327,125328,125331,125334],{},[197,125329,125330],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[197,125332,125333],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[197,125335,125336],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,125338,211],{},[44,125340,125342],{"className":46,"code":125341,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125343,125344,125358,125372,125376,125387],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125345,125346,125349,125351,125353,125356],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125347,125348],{"class":59},"text1 ",[53,125350,31],{"class":63},[53,125352,240],{"class":228},[53,125354,125355],{"class":232},"It's working",[53,125357,1682],{"class":228},[53,125359,125360,125363,125365,125367,125370],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,125361,125362],{"class":59},"text2 ",[53,125364,31],{"class":63},[53,125366,323],{"class":228},[53,125368,125369],{"class":232},"She said \"hello\"",[53,125371,29571],{"class":228},[53,125373,125374],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,125375,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,125377,125378,125380,125382,125385],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,125379,145],{"class":144},[53,125381,127],{"class":66},[53,125383,125384],{"class":102},"text1",[53,125386,133],{"class":66},[53,125388,125389,125391,125393,125396],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,125390,145],{"class":144},[53,125392,127],{"class":66},[53,125394,125395],{"class":102},"text2",[53,125397,133],{"class":66},[20,125399,125400],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[39,125402,125404],{"id":125403},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,125406,125407],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,125409,125410],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[44,125412,125414],{"className":46,"code":125413,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,125415,125416,125421],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125417,125418],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125419,125420],{"class":156},"# This will cause an error\n",[53,125422,125423],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,125424,125425],{"class":156},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,125427,125428,125429,35204,125431,125434],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,125430,314],{},[15,125432,125433],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,125436,125437],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[44,125439,125441],{"className":46,"code":125440,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,125442,125443,125462],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125444,125445,125447,125449,125451,125454,125457,125460],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125446,34561],{"class":59},[53,125448,31],{"class":63},[53,125450,323],{"class":228},[53,125452,125453],{"class":232},"It",[53,125455,125456],{"class":34326},"\\'",[53,125458,125459],{"class":232},"s working",[53,125461,29571],{"class":228},[53,125463,125464,125466,125468,125470],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,125465,145],{"class":144},[53,125467,127],{"class":66},[53,125469,34582],{"class":102},[53,125471,133],{"class":66},[20,125473,125474],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[44,125476,125478],{"className":46,"code":125477,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125479,125480,125492],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125481,125482,125484,125486,125488,125490],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125483,34561],{"class":59},[53,125485,31],{"class":63},[53,125487,240],{"class":228},[53,125489,125355],{"class":232},[53,125491,1682],{"class":228},[53,125493,125494,125496,125498,125500],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,125495,145],{"class":144},[53,125497,127],{"class":66},[53,125499,34582],{"class":102},[53,125501,133],{"class":66},[20,125503,125504],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,125506,125507,125508,99],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[758,125509,125511],{"href":125510},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[39,125513,2716],{"id":2715},[20,125515,125516],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[1327,125518,89929],{"id":89928},[20,125520,125521],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[44,125523,125525],{"className":46,"code":125524,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,125526,125527,125531],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125528,125529],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125530,125420],{"class":156},[53,125532,125533],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,125534,125535],{"class":156},"# name = Alice\n",[20,125537,125538,125539,8488,125542,125544],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,125540,125541],{},"NameError",[15,125543,1679],{}," is not defined.",[20,125546,10695],{},[44,125548,125550],{"className":46,"code":125549,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,125551,125552,125564],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125553,125554,125556,125558,125560,125562],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125555,1672],{"class":59},[53,125557,31],{"class":63},[53,125559,240],{"class":228},[53,125561,1679],{"class":232},[53,125563,1682],{"class":228},[53,125565,125566,125568,125570,125572],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,125567,145],{"class":144},[53,125569,127],{"class":66},[53,125571,1710],{"class":102},[53,125573,133],{"class":66},[1327,125575,125577],{"id":125576},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,125579,125580],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[44,125582,125584],{"className":46,"code":125583,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,125585,125586,125590],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125587,125588],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125589,125420],{"class":156},[53,125591,125592],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,125593,125594],{"class":156},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,125596,125597],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[44,125599,125601],{"className":46,"code":125600,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125602,125603,125620,125633,125637,125647],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125604,125605,125607,125609,125611,125613,125615,125618],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125606,125348],{"class":59},[53,125608,31],{"class":63},[53,125610,323],{"class":228},[53,125612,125453],{"class":232},[53,125614,125456],{"class":34326},[53,125616,125617],{"class":232},"s good",[53,125619,29571],{"class":228},[53,125621,125622,125624,125626,125628,125631],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,125623,125362],{"class":59},[53,125625,31],{"class":63},[53,125627,240],{"class":228},[53,125629,125630],{"class":232},"It's good",[53,125632,1682],{"class":228},[53,125634,125635],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,125636,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,125638,125639,125641,125643,125645],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,125640,145],{"class":144},[53,125642,127],{"class":66},[53,125644,125384],{"class":102},[53,125646,133],{"class":66},[53,125648,125649,125651,125653,125655],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,125650,145],{"class":144},[53,125652,127],{"class":66},[53,125654,125395],{"class":102},[53,125656,133],{"class":66},[1327,125658,125660],{"id":125659},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,125662,125663],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[44,125665,125667],{"className":46,"code":125666,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125668,125669,125681],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125670,125671,125673,125675,125677,125679],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125672,34561],{"class":59},[53,125674,31],{"class":63},[53,125676,125024],{"class":228},[53,125678,3732],{"class":232},[53,125680,43208],{"class":228},[53,125682,125683,125685,125687,125689],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,125684,145],{"class":144},[53,125686,127],{"class":66},[53,125688,34582],{"class":102},[53,125690,133],{"class":66},[20,125692,125693],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[44,125695,125697],{"className":46,"code":125696,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125698,125699,125711],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125700,125701,125703,125705,125707,125709],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125702,34561],{"class":59},[53,125704,31],{"class":63},[53,125706,240],{"class":228},[53,125708,3732],{"class":232},[53,125710,1682],{"class":228},[53,125712,125713,125715,125717,125719],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,125714,145],{"class":144},[53,125716,127],{"class":66},[53,125718,34582],{"class":102},[53,125720,133],{"class":66},[1327,125722,4465,125724,960,125726,125728],{"id":125723},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,125725,50119],{},[15,125727,50169],{}," are the same type",[20,125730,125731],{},"They are different:",[44,125733,125735],{"className":46,"code":125734,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,125736,125737,125746,125759,125763,125777],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125738,125739,125742,125744],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125740,125741],{"class":59},"value1 ",[53,125743,31],{"class":63},[53,125745,124752],{"class":70},[53,125747,125748,125751,125753,125755,125757],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,125749,125750],{"class":59},"value2 ",[53,125752,31],{"class":63},[53,125754,240],{"class":228},[53,125756,50119],{"class":232},[53,125758,1682],{"class":228},[53,125760,125761],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,125762,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,125764,125765,125767,125769,125771,125773,125775],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,125766,145],{"class":144},[53,125768,127],{"class":66},[53,125770,1705],{"class":1704},[53,125772,127],{"class":66},[53,125774,84485],{"class":102},[53,125776,1713],{"class":66},[53,125778,125779,125781,125783,125785,125787,125790],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,125780,145],{"class":144},[53,125782,127],{"class":66},[53,125784,1705],{"class":1704},[53,125786,127],{"class":66},[53,125788,125789],{"class":102},"value2",[53,125791,1713],{"class":66},[20,125793,301],{},[44,125795,125797],{"className":46,"code":125796,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125798,125799,125813],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125800,125801,125803,125805,125807,125809,125811],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125802,3178],{"class":63},[53,125804,3181],{"class":1954},[53,125806,323],{"class":228},[53,125808,2075],{"class":232},[53,125810,314],{"class":228},[53,125812,3190],{"class":63},[53,125814,125815,125817,125819,125821,125823,125825],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,125816,3178],{"class":63},[53,125818,3181],{"class":1954},[53,125820,323],{"class":228},[53,125822,3330],{"class":232},[53,125824,314],{"class":228},[53,125826,3190],{"class":63},[1327,125828,125830],{"id":125829},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,125832,125833],{},"This causes a type error:",[44,125835,125837],{"className":46,"code":125836,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,125838,125839,125843,125848],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125840,125841],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125842,125420],{"class":156},[53,125844,125845],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,125846,125847],{"class":156},"# age = 10\n",[53,125849,125850],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,125851,125852],{"class":156},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,125854,125855,125856,192],{},"Fix it with ",[15,125857,47556],{},[44,125859,125861],{"className":46,"code":125860,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125862,125863,125871,125893,125897],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125864,125865,125867,125869],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125866,21497],{"class":59},[53,125868,31],{"class":63},[53,125870,2472],{"class":70},[53,125872,125873,125875,125877,125879,125881,125883,125885,125887,125889,125891],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,125874,89722],{"class":59},[53,125876,31],{"class":63},[53,125878,240],{"class":228},[53,125880,89140],{"class":232},[53,125882,229],{"class":228},[53,125884,2342],{"class":63},[53,125886,48777],{"class":1704},[53,125888,127],{"class":66},[53,125890,9187],{"class":102},[53,125892,133],{"class":66},[53,125894,125895],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,125896,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,125898,125899,125901,125903,125905],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,125900,145],{"class":144},[53,125902,127],{"class":66},[53,125904,89739],{"class":102},[53,125906,133],{"class":66},[20,125908,125909,125910,99],{},"For this specific error, see ",[758,125911,90121],{"href":90120},[1327,125913,60424],{"id":60423},[20,125915,125916],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[44,125918,125920],{"className":46,"code":125919,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,125921,125922,125934,125938,125948,125962],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125923,125924,125926,125928,125930,125932],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125925,34561],{"class":59},[53,125927,31],{"class":63},[53,125929,240],{"class":228},[53,125931,3732],{"class":232},[53,125933,1682],{"class":228},[53,125935,125936],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,125937,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,125939,125940,125942,125944,125946],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,125941,145],{"class":144},[53,125943,127],{"class":66},[53,125945,34582],{"class":102},[53,125947,133],{"class":66},[53,125949,125950,125952,125954,125956,125958,125960],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,125951,145],{"class":144},[53,125953,127],{"class":66},[53,125955,1705],{"class":1704},[53,125957,127],{"class":66},[53,125959,34582],{"class":102},[53,125961,1713],{"class":66},[53,125963,125964,125966,125968,125970,125972,125974],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,125965,145],{"class":144},[53,125967,127],{"class":66},[53,125969,41651],{"class":144},[53,125971,127],{"class":66},[53,125973,34582],{"class":102},[53,125975,1713],{"class":66},[194,125977,125978,125983,125988],{},[197,125979,125980,46150],{},[15,125981,125982],{},"print(text)",[197,125984,125985,46155],{},[15,125986,125987],{},"print(type(text))",[197,125989,125990,125993],{},[15,125991,125992],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[39,125995,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,125997,125999],{"id":125998},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,126001,126002,126003,2765,126006,99],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,126004,126005],{},"'hello'",[15,126007,64249],{},[1327,126009,126011],{"id":126010},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,126013,126014],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[1327,126016,126018],{"id":126017},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,126020,174,126021,2765,126023,99],{},[15,126022,6158],{},[15,126024,3659],{},[1327,126026,126028],{"id":126027},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,126030,174,126031,126033,126034,126036,126037,99],{},[15,126032,47556],{},", like ",[15,126035,80095],{},", which returns ",[15,126038,41998],{},[1327,126040,126042],{"id":126041},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,126044,126045],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[39,126047,1788],{"id":1787},[194,126049,126050,126054,126060,126065,126074,126078],{},[197,126051,126052],{},[758,126053,124825],{"href":50848},[197,126055,126056],{},[758,126057,3463,126058,3396],{"href":42046},[15,126059,47556],{},[197,126061,126062],{},[758,126063,126064],{"href":122995},"How to convert int to string in Python",[197,126066,126067],{},[758,126068,126070,126071,1316],{"href":126069},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,126072,126073],{},"format()",[197,126075,126076],{},[758,126077,125511],{"href":125510},[197,126079,126080],{},[758,126081,90121],{"href":90120},[1817,126083,126084],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":126086},[126087,126088,126089,126090,126091,126092,126093,126094,126095,126104,126111],{"id":15032,"depth":88,"text":15033},{"id":124664,"depth":88,"text":124665},{"id":124828,"depth":88,"text":124829},{"id":124903,"depth":88,"text":124904},{"id":125003,"depth":88,"text":125004},{"id":125108,"depth":88,"text":125109},{"id":125286,"depth":88,"text":125287},{"id":125403,"depth":88,"text":125404},{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716,"children":126096},[126097,126098,126099,126100,126102,126103],{"id":89928,"depth":109,"text":89929},{"id":125576,"depth":109,"text":125577},{"id":125659,"depth":109,"text":125660},{"id":125723,"depth":109,"text":126101},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":125829,"depth":109,"text":125830},{"id":60423,"depth":109,"text":60424},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":126105},[126106,126107,126108,126109,126110],{"id":125998,"depth":109,"text":125999},{"id":126010,"depth":109,"text":126011},{"id":126017,"depth":109,"text":126018},{"id":126027,"depth":109,"text":126028},{"id":126041,"depth":109,"text":126042},{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124526,"description":126112},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126119,"title":126120,"body":126121,"description":128035,"extension":1853,"meta":128036,"navigation":112,"path":128037,"seo":128038,"stem":128039,"__hash__":128040},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126122,"toc":127996},[126123,126129,126134,126142,126144,126211,126213,126225,126234,126239,126243,126260,126262,126327,126329,126341,126346,126348,126376,126397,126400,126439,126441,126449,126453,126457,126461,126469,126472,126513,126515,126523,126526,126583,126585,126593,126597,126602,126646,126648,126656,126665,126669,126674,126722,126724,126732,126738,126740,126744,126756,126761,126840,126842,126862,126866,126870,126910,126912,126920,126924,126967,126969,126977,126981,127021,127023,127031,127035,127091,127093,127101,127107,127109,127113,127123,127190,127192,127205,127212,127255,127257,127265,127269,127272,127328,127330,127338,127341,127343,127420,127422,127430,127439,127441,127445,127449,127451,127473,127476,127523,127527,127566,127568,127576,127578,127620,127627,127632,127694,127696,127708,127714,127719,127768,127770,127789,127795,127797,127816,127818,127909,127911,127917,127924,127930,127936,127941,127950,127957,127965,127967,127993],[10,126124,123070,126126,18],{"id":126125},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,126127,126128],{},"endswith()",[20,126130,123075,126131,126133],{},[15,126132,126128],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,126135,126136,126137,2765,126139,126141],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,126138,3492],{},[15,126140,3560],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[39,126143,42],{"id":41},[44,126145,126147],{"className":46,"code":126146,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126148,126149,126163,126188],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126150,126151,126154,126156,126158,126161],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126152,126153],{"class":59},"filename ",[53,126155,31],{"class":63},[53,126157,240],{"class":228},[53,126159,126160],{"class":232},"report.csv",[53,126162,1682],{"class":228},[53,126164,126165,126167,126169,126172,126174,126177,126179,126181,126184,126186],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,126166,145],{"class":144},[53,126168,127],{"class":66},[53,126170,126171],{"class":102},"filename",[53,126173,99],{"class":66},[53,126175,126176],{"class":102},"endswith",[53,126178,127],{"class":66},[53,126180,229],{"class":228},[53,126182,126183],{"class":232},".csv",[53,126185,229],{"class":228},[53,126187,1713],{"class":66},[53,126189,126190,126192,126194,126196,126198,126200,126202,126204,126207,126209],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,126191,145],{"class":144},[53,126193,127],{"class":66},[53,126195,126171],{"class":102},[53,126197,99],{"class":66},[53,126199,126176],{"class":102},[53,126201,127],{"class":66},[53,126203,229],{"class":228},[53,126205,126206],{"class":232},".txt",[53,126208,229],{"class":228},[53,126210,1713],{"class":66},[20,126212,301],{},[44,126214,126215],{"className":46,"code":44045,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,126216,126217,126221],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126218,126219],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126220,3868],{"class":3739},[53,126222,126223],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,126224,3929],{"class":3739},[20,126226,174,126227,5253,126229,2765,126231,126233],{},[15,126228,126128],{},[15,126230,3492],{},[15,126232,3560],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[39,126235,184,126237,187],{"id":126236},"what-endswith-does",[15,126238,126128],{},[20,126240,126241,192],{},[15,126242,126128],{},[194,126244,126245,126248,126254,126257],{},[197,126246,126247],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[197,126249,11312,126250,2765,126252],{},[15,126251,3492],{},[15,126253,3560],{},[197,126255,126256],{},"Does not change the original string",[197,126258,126259],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,126261,211],{},[44,126263,126265],{"className":46,"code":126264,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,126266,126267,126279,126283,126305],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126268,126269,126271,126273,126275,126277],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126270,34561],{"class":59},[53,126272,31],{"class":63},[53,126274,240],{"class":228},[53,126276,60120],{"class":232},[53,126278,1682],{"class":228},[53,126280,126281],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,126282,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,126284,126285,126287,126289,126291,126293,126295,126297,126299,126301,126303],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,126286,145],{"class":144},[53,126288,127],{"class":66},[53,126290,34582],{"class":102},[53,126292,99],{"class":66},[53,126294,126176],{"class":102},[53,126296,127],{"class":66},[53,126298,229],{"class":228},[53,126300,60305],{"class":232},[53,126302,229],{"class":228},[53,126304,1713],{"class":66},[53,126306,126307,126309,126311,126313,126315,126317,126319,126321,126323,126325],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,126308,145],{"class":144},[53,126310,127],{"class":66},[53,126312,34582],{"class":102},[53,126314,99],{"class":66},[53,126316,126176],{"class":102},[53,126318,127],{"class":66},[53,126320,229],{"class":228},[53,126322,3732],{"class":232},[53,126324,229],{"class":228},[53,126326,1713],{"class":66},[20,126328,301],{},[44,126330,126331],{"className":46,"code":44045,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,126332,126333,126337],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126334,126335],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126336,3868],{"class":3739},[53,126338,126339],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,126340,3929],{"class":3739},[20,126342,126343,126344,99],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[758,126345,124825],{"href":50848},[39,126347,372],{"id":371},[44,126349,126351],{"className":46,"code":126350,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,126352,126353],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126354,126355,126357,126359,126361,126363,126366,126368,126370,126372,126374],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126356,60888],{"class":59},[53,126358,99],{"class":66},[53,126360,126176],{"class":102},[53,126362,127],{"class":66},[53,126364,126365],{"class":102},"suffix",[53,126367,74],{"class":66},[53,126369,35927],{"class":102},[53,126371,74],{"class":66},[53,126373,64755],{"class":102},[53,126375,133],{"class":66},[194,126377,126378,126383,126390],{},[197,126379,126380,126382],{},[15,126381,126365],{}," is required",[197,126384,126385,960,126387,126389],{},[15,126386,35948],{},[15,126388,52532],{}," are optional",[197,126391,126392,960,126394,126396],{},[15,126393,35948],{},[15,126395,52532],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,126398,126399],{},"Basic example:",[44,126401,126403],{"className":46,"code":126402,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126404,126405,126417],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126406,126407,126409,126411,126413,126415],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126408,126153],{"class":59},[53,126410,31],{"class":63},[53,126412,240],{"class":228},[53,126414,86610],{"class":232},[53,126416,1682],{"class":228},[53,126418,126419,126421,126423,126425,126427,126429,126431,126433,126435,126437],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,126420,145],{"class":144},[53,126422,127],{"class":66},[53,126424,126171],{"class":102},[53,126426,99],{"class":66},[53,126428,126176],{"class":102},[53,126430,127],{"class":66},[53,126432,229],{"class":228},[53,126434,126206],{"class":232},[53,126436,229],{"class":228},[53,126438,1713],{"class":66},[20,126440,301],{},[44,126442,126443],{"className":46,"code":3868,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,126444,126445],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126446,126447],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126448,3868],{"class":3739},[39,126450,126452],{"id":126451},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[1327,126454,126455],{"id":126365},[15,126456,126365],{},[20,126458,126459,30622],{},[15,126460,126365],{},[194,126462,126463,126466],{},[197,126464,126465],{},"A single string",[197,126467,126468],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,126470,126471],{},"Single suffix:",[44,126473,126475],{"className":46,"code":126474,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,126476,126477,126490],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126478,126479,126481,126483,126485,126488],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126480,1672],{"class":59},[53,126482,31],{"class":63},[53,126484,240],{"class":228},[53,126486,126487],{"class":232},"image.png",[53,126489,1682],{"class":228},[53,126491,126492,126494,126496,126498,126500,126502,126504,126506,126509,126511],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,126493,145],{"class":144},[53,126495,127],{"class":66},[53,126497,1710],{"class":102},[53,126499,99],{"class":66},[53,126501,126176],{"class":102},[53,126503,127],{"class":66},[53,126505,229],{"class":228},[53,126507,126508],{"class":232},".png",[53,126510,229],{"class":228},[53,126512,1713],{"class":66},[20,126514,301],{},[44,126516,126517],{"className":46,"code":3868,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,126518,126519],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126520,126521],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126522,3868],{"class":3739},[20,126524,126525],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[44,126527,126529],{"className":46,"code":126528,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126530,126531,126543],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126532,126533,126535,126537,126539,126541],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126534,1672],{"class":59},[53,126536,31],{"class":63},[53,126538,240],{"class":228},[53,126540,126487],{"class":232},[53,126542,1682],{"class":228},[53,126544,126545,126547,126549,126551,126553,126555,126557,126559,126562,126564,126566,126568,126570,126572,126574,126576,126579,126581],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,126546,145],{"class":144},[53,126548,127],{"class":66},[53,126550,1710],{"class":102},[53,126552,99],{"class":66},[53,126554,126176],{"class":102},[53,126556,5395],{"class":66},[53,126558,229],{"class":228},[53,126560,126561],{"class":232},".jpg",[53,126563,229],{"class":228},[53,126565,74],{"class":66},[53,126567,240],{"class":228},[53,126569,126508],{"class":232},[53,126571,229],{"class":228},[53,126573,74],{"class":66},[53,126575,240],{"class":228},[53,126577,126578],{"class":232},".gif",[53,126580,229],{"class":228},[53,126582,2799],{"class":66},[20,126584,301],{},[44,126586,126587],{"className":46,"code":3868,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,126588,126589],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126590,126591],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126592,3868],{"class":3739},[1327,126594,126595],{"id":35948},[15,126596,35948],{},[20,126598,126599,126601],{},[15,126600,35948],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[44,126603,126605],{"className":46,"code":126604,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,126606,126607,126620],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126608,126609,126611,126613,126615,126618],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126610,34561],{"class":59},[53,126612,31],{"class":63},[53,126614,240],{"class":228},[53,126616,126617],{"class":232},"my_report.csv",[53,126619,1682],{"class":228},[53,126621,126622,126624,126626,126628,126630,126632,126634,126636,126638,126640,126642,126644],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,126623,145],{"class":144},[53,126625,127],{"class":66},[53,126627,34582],{"class":102},[53,126629,99],{"class":66},[53,126631,126176],{"class":102},[53,126633,127],{"class":66},[53,126635,229],{"class":228},[53,126637,126183],{"class":232},[53,126639,229],{"class":228},[53,126641,74],{"class":66},[53,126643,82],{"class":70},[53,126645,1713],{"class":66},[20,126647,301],{},[44,126649,126650],{"className":46,"code":3868,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,126651,126652],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126653,126654],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126655,3868],{"class":3739},[20,126657,126658,126659,126661,126662,99],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,126660,815],{}," onward, which is ",[15,126663,126664],{},"\"report.csv\"",[1327,126666,126667],{"id":52532},[15,126668,52532],{},[20,126670,126671,126673],{},[15,126672,52532],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[44,126675,126677],{"className":46,"code":126676,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,126678,126679,126692],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126680,126681,126683,126685,126687,126690],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126682,34561],{"class":59},[53,126684,31],{"class":63},[53,126686,240],{"class":228},[53,126688,126689],{"class":232},"report.csv backup",[53,126691,1682],{"class":228},[53,126693,126694,126696,126698,126700,126702,126704,126706,126708,126710,126712,126714,126716,126718,126720],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,126695,145],{"class":144},[53,126697,127],{"class":66},[53,126699,34582],{"class":102},[53,126701,99],{"class":66},[53,126703,126176],{"class":102},[53,126705,127],{"class":66},[53,126707,229],{"class":228},[53,126709,126183],{"class":232},[53,126711,229],{"class":228},[53,126713,74],{"class":66},[53,126715,3720],{"class":70},[53,126717,74],{"class":66},[53,126719,5890],{"class":70},[53,126721,1713],{"class":66},[20,126723,301],{},[44,126725,126726],{"className":46,"code":3868,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,126727,126728],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126729,126730],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126731,3868],{"class":3739},[20,126733,126734,126735,126737],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,126736,126664],{}," and ignores the rest.",[39,126739,998],{"id":997},[20,126741,126742,25379],{},[15,126743,126128],{},[194,126745,126746,126751],{},[197,126747,126748,126750],{},[15,126749,3492],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[197,126752,126753,126755],{},[15,126754,3560],{}," if it does not",[20,126757,126758,126759,7059],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,126760,6884],{},[44,126762,126764],{"className":46,"code":126763,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,126765,126766,126779,126783,126804,126819,126825],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126767,126768,126770,126772,126774,126777],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126769,126153],{"class":59},[53,126771,31],{"class":63},[53,126773,240],{"class":228},[53,126775,126776],{"class":232},"data.csv",[53,126778,1682],{"class":228},[53,126780,126781],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,126782,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,126784,126785,126787,126790,126792,126794,126796,126798,126800,126802],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,126786,6884],{"class":3764},[53,126788,126789],{"class":59}," filename",[53,126791,99],{"class":66},[53,126793,126176],{"class":102},[53,126795,127],{"class":66},[53,126797,229],{"class":228},[53,126799,126183],{"class":232},[53,126801,229],{"class":228},[53,126803,8228],{"class":66},[53,126805,126806,126808,126810,126812,126815,126817],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,126807,7954],{"class":144},[53,126809,127],{"class":66},[53,126811,229],{"class":228},[53,126813,126814],{"class":232},"This is a CSV file.",[53,126816,229],{"class":228},[53,126818,133],{"class":66},[53,126820,126821,126823],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,126822,27304],{"class":3764},[53,126824,6280],{"class":66},[53,126826,126827,126829,126831,126833,126836,126838],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,126828,7954],{"class":144},[53,126830,127],{"class":66},[53,126832,229],{"class":228},[53,126834,126835],{"class":232},"This is not a CSV file.",[53,126837,229],{"class":228},[53,126839,133],{"class":66},[20,126841,301],{},[44,126843,126845],{"className":46,"code":126844,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,126846,126847],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126848,126849,126851,126853,126855,126858,126860],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126850,49752],{"class":59},[53,126852,12081],{"class":63},[53,126854,44416],{"class":59},[53,126856,126857],{"class":34326},"CSV",[53,126859,86351],{"class":86350},[53,126861,122102],{"class":66},[39,126863,126865],{"id":126864},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[1327,126867,126869],{"id":126868},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[44,126871,126873],{"className":46,"code":126872,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,126874,126875,126888],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126876,126877,126879,126881,126883,126886],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126878,126153],{"class":59},[53,126880,31],{"class":63},[53,126882,240],{"class":228},[53,126884,126885],{"class":232},"sales.csv",[53,126887,1682],{"class":228},[53,126889,126890,126892,126894,126896,126898,126900,126902,126904,126906,126908],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,126891,145],{"class":144},[53,126893,127],{"class":66},[53,126895,126171],{"class":102},[53,126897,99],{"class":66},[53,126899,126176],{"class":102},[53,126901,127],{"class":66},[53,126903,229],{"class":228},[53,126905,126183],{"class":232},[53,126907,229],{"class":228},[53,126909,1713],{"class":66},[20,126911,301],{},[44,126913,126914],{"className":46,"code":3868,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,126915,126916],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126917,126918],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126919,3868],{"class":3739},[1327,126921,126923],{"id":126922},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[44,126925,126927],{"className":46,"code":126926,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,126928,126929,126943],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126930,126931,126934,126936,126938,126941],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126932,126933],{"class":59},"url ",[53,126935,31],{"class":63},[53,126937,240],{"class":228},[53,126939,126940],{"class":232},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[53,126942,1682],{"class":228},[53,126944,126945,126947,126949,126952,126954,126956,126958,126960,126963,126965],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,126946,145],{"class":144},[53,126948,127],{"class":66},[53,126950,126951],{"class":102},"url",[53,126953,99],{"class":66},[53,126955,126176],{"class":102},[53,126957,127],{"class":66},[53,126959,229],{"class":228},[53,126961,126962],{"class":232},"\u002F",[53,126964,229],{"class":228},[53,126966,1713],{"class":66},[20,126968,301],{},[44,126970,126971],{"className":46,"code":3868,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,126972,126973],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126974,126975],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126976,3868],{"class":3739},[1327,126978,126980],{"id":126979},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[44,126982,126984],{"className":46,"code":126983,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,126985,126986,126999],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126987,126988,126990,126992,126994,126997],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126989,89722],{"class":59},[53,126991,31],{"class":63},[53,126993,240],{"class":228},[53,126995,126996],{"class":232},"Hello!",[53,126998,1682],{"class":228},[53,127000,127001,127003,127005,127007,127009,127011,127013,127015,127017,127019],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,127002,145],{"class":144},[53,127004,127],{"class":66},[53,127006,89739],{"class":102},[53,127008,99],{"class":66},[53,127010,126176],{"class":102},[53,127012,127],{"class":66},[53,127014,229],{"class":228},[53,127016,89563],{"class":232},[53,127018,229],{"class":228},[53,127020,1713],{"class":66},[20,127022,301],{},[44,127024,127025],{"className":46,"code":3868,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,127026,127027],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127028,127029],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127030,3868],{"class":3739},[1327,127032,127034],{"id":127033},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[44,127036,127038],{"className":46,"code":127037,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127039,127040,127053],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127041,127042,127044,127046,127048,127051],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127043,126153],{"class":59},[53,127045,31],{"class":63},[53,127047,240],{"class":228},[53,127049,127050],{"class":232},"photo.jpg",[53,127052,1682],{"class":228},[53,127054,127055,127057,127059,127061,127063,127065,127067,127069,127071,127073,127075,127077,127079,127081,127083,127085,127087,127089],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,127056,145],{"class":144},[53,127058,127],{"class":66},[53,127060,126171],{"class":102},[53,127062,99],{"class":66},[53,127064,126176],{"class":102},[53,127066,5395],{"class":66},[53,127068,229],{"class":228},[53,127070,126561],{"class":232},[53,127072,229],{"class":228},[53,127074,74],{"class":66},[53,127076,240],{"class":228},[53,127078,126508],{"class":232},[53,127080,229],{"class":228},[53,127082,74],{"class":66},[53,127084,240],{"class":228},[53,127086,126578],{"class":232},[53,127088,229],{"class":228},[53,127090,2799],{"class":66},[20,127092,301],{},[44,127094,127095],{"className":46,"code":3868,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,127096,127097],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127098,127099],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127100,3868],{"class":3739},[20,127102,127103,127104,99],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[758,127105,127106],{"href":123325},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[39,127108,123717],{"id":123716},[20,127110,127111,123528],{},[15,127112,126128],{},[20,127114,127115,127116,960,127119,127122],{},"That means ",[15,127117,127118],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,127120,127121],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[44,127124,127126],{"className":46,"code":127125,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,127127,127128,127141,127145,127167],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127129,127130,127132,127134,127136,127139],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127131,126153],{"class":59},[53,127133,31],{"class":63},[53,127135,240],{"class":228},[53,127137,127138],{"class":232},"REPORT.CSV",[53,127140,1682],{"class":228},[53,127142,127143],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,127144,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,127146,127147,127149,127151,127153,127155,127157,127159,127161,127163,127165],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,127148,145],{"class":144},[53,127150,127],{"class":66},[53,127152,126171],{"class":102},[53,127154,99],{"class":66},[53,127156,126176],{"class":102},[53,127158,127],{"class":66},[53,127160,229],{"class":228},[53,127162,126183],{"class":232},[53,127164,229],{"class":228},[53,127166,1713],{"class":66},[53,127168,127169,127171,127173,127175,127177,127179,127181,127183,127186,127188],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,127170,145],{"class":144},[53,127172,127],{"class":66},[53,127174,126171],{"class":102},[53,127176,99],{"class":66},[53,127178,126176],{"class":102},[53,127180,127],{"class":66},[53,127182,229],{"class":228},[53,127184,127185],{"class":232},".CSV",[53,127187,229],{"class":228},[53,127189,1713],{"class":66},[20,127191,301],{},[44,127193,127195],{"className":46,"code":127194,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"False\nTrue\n",[15,127196,127197,127201],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127198,127199],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127200,3929],{"class":3739},[53,127202,127203],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,127204,3868],{"class":3739},[20,127206,127207,127208,99],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[758,127209,127210],{"href":123797},[15,127211,123800],{},[44,127213,127215],{"className":46,"code":127214,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127216,127217,127229],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127218,127219,127221,127223,127225,127227],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127220,126153],{"class":59},[53,127222,31],{"class":63},[53,127224,240],{"class":228},[53,127226,127138],{"class":232},[53,127228,1682],{"class":228},[53,127230,127231,127233,127235,127237,127239,127241,127243,127245,127247,127249,127251,127253],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,127232,145],{"class":144},[53,127234,127],{"class":66},[53,127236,126171],{"class":102},[53,127238,99],{"class":66},[53,127240,8527],{"class":102},[53,127242,8524],{"class":66},[53,127244,126176],{"class":102},[53,127246,127],{"class":66},[53,127248,229],{"class":228},[53,127250,126183],{"class":232},[53,127252,229],{"class":228},[53,127254,1713],{"class":66},[20,127256,301],{},[44,127258,127259],{"className":46,"code":3868,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,127260,127261],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127262,127263],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127264,3868],{"class":3739},[39,127266,127268],{"id":127267},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,127270,127271],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[44,127273,127275],{"className":46,"code":127274,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127276,127277,127290],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127278,127279,127281,127283,127285,127288],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127280,126153],{"class":59},[53,127282,31],{"class":63},[53,127284,240],{"class":228},[53,127286,127287],{"class":232},"picture.gif",[53,127289,1682],{"class":228},[53,127291,127292,127294,127296,127298,127300,127302,127304,127306,127308,127310,127312,127314,127316,127318,127320,127322,127324,127326],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,127293,145],{"class":144},[53,127295,127],{"class":66},[53,127297,126171],{"class":102},[53,127299,99],{"class":66},[53,127301,126176],{"class":102},[53,127303,5395],{"class":66},[53,127305,229],{"class":228},[53,127307,126561],{"class":232},[53,127309,229],{"class":228},[53,127311,74],{"class":66},[53,127313,240],{"class":228},[53,127315,126508],{"class":232},[53,127317,229],{"class":228},[53,127319,74],{"class":66},[53,127321,240],{"class":228},[53,127323,126578],{"class":232},[53,127325,229],{"class":228},[53,127327,2799],{"class":66},[20,127329,301],{},[44,127331,127332],{"className":46,"code":3868,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,127333,127334],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127335,127336],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127337,3868],{"class":3739},[20,127339,127340],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,127342,51952],{},[44,127344,127346],{"className":46,"code":127345,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,127347,127348,127361,127396,127400],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127349,127350,127353,127355,127357,127359],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127351,127352],{"class":59},"document ",[53,127354,31],{"class":63},[53,127356,240],{"class":228},[53,127358,86610],{"class":232},[53,127360,1682],{"class":228},[53,127362,127363,127366,127368,127370,127372,127374,127376,127378,127380,127383,127385,127387,127389,127392,127394],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,127364,127365],{"class":59},"allowed ",[53,127367,31],{"class":63},[53,127369,9124],{"class":66},[53,127371,229],{"class":228},[53,127373,126206],{"class":232},[53,127375,229],{"class":228},[53,127377,74],{"class":66},[53,127379,240],{"class":228},[53,127381,127382],{"class":232},".md",[53,127384,229],{"class":228},[53,127386,74],{"class":66},[53,127388,240],{"class":228},[53,127390,127391],{"class":232},".docx",[53,127393,229],{"class":228},[53,127395,133],{"class":66},[53,127397,127398],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,127399,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,127401,127402,127404,127406,127409,127411,127413,127415,127418],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,127403,145],{"class":144},[53,127405,127],{"class":66},[53,127407,127408],{"class":102},"document",[53,127410,99],{"class":66},[53,127412,126176],{"class":102},[53,127414,127],{"class":66},[53,127416,127417],{"class":102},"allowed",[53,127419,1713],{"class":66},[20,127421,301],{},[44,127423,127424],{"className":46,"code":3868,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,127425,127426],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127427,127428],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127429,3868],{"class":3739},[20,127431,127432,127433,99],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[758,127434,126070,127436,1316],{"href":127435},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,127437,127438],{},"startswith()",[39,127440,2716],{"id":2715},[20,127442,8333,127443,99],{},[15,127444,126128],{},[1327,127446,127448],{"id":127447},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,127450,4411],{},[44,127452,127454],{"className":46,"code":127453,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,127455,127456,127468],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127457,127458,127460,127462,127464,127466],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127459,126153],{"class":59},[53,127461,31],{"class":63},[53,127463,240],{"class":228},[53,127465,127050],{"class":232},[53,127467,1682],{"class":228},[53,127469,127470],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,127471,127472],{"class":156},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,127474,127475],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[44,127477,127479],{"className":46,"code":127478,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,127480,127481,127493],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127482,127483,127485,127487,127489,127491],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127484,126153],{"class":59},[53,127486,31],{"class":63},[53,127488,240],{"class":228},[53,127490,127050],{"class":232},[53,127492,1682],{"class":228},[53,127494,127495,127497,127499,127501,127503,127505,127507,127509,127511,127513,127515,127517,127519,127521],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,127496,145],{"class":144},[53,127498,127],{"class":66},[53,127500,126171],{"class":102},[53,127502,99],{"class":66},[53,127504,126176],{"class":102},[53,127506,5395],{"class":66},[53,127508,229],{"class":228},[53,127510,126561],{"class":232},[53,127512,229],{"class":228},[53,127514,74],{"class":66},[53,127516,240],{"class":228},[53,127518,126508],{"class":232},[53,127520,229],{"class":228},[53,127522,2799],{"class":66},[1327,127524,127526],{"id":127525},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[44,127528,127530],{"className":46,"code":127529,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127531,127532,127544],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127533,127534,127536,127538,127540,127542],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127535,126153],{"class":59},[53,127537,31],{"class":63},[53,127539,240],{"class":228},[53,127541,127138],{"class":232},[53,127543,1682],{"class":228},[53,127545,127546,127548,127550,127552,127554,127556,127558,127560,127562,127564],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,127547,145],{"class":144},[53,127549,127],{"class":66},[53,127551,126171],{"class":102},[53,127553,99],{"class":66},[53,127555,126176],{"class":102},[53,127557,127],{"class":66},[53,127559,229],{"class":228},[53,127561,126183],{"class":232},[53,127563,229],{"class":228},[53,127565,1713],{"class":66},[20,127567,301],{},[44,127569,127570],{"className":46,"code":3929,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,127571,127572],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127573,127574],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127575,3929],{"class":3739},[20,127577,1524],{},[44,127579,127580],{"className":46,"code":127214,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,127581,127582,127594],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127583,127584,127586,127588,127590,127592],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127585,126153],{"class":59},[53,127587,31],{"class":63},[53,127589,240],{"class":228},[53,127591,127138],{"class":232},[53,127593,1682],{"class":228},[53,127595,127596,127598,127600,127602,127604,127606,127608,127610,127612,127614,127616,127618],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,127597,145],{"class":144},[53,127599,127],{"class":66},[53,127601,126171],{"class":102},[53,127603,99],{"class":66},[53,127605,8527],{"class":102},[53,127607,8524],{"class":66},[53,127609,126176],{"class":102},[53,127611,127],{"class":66},[53,127613,229],{"class":228},[53,127615,126183],{"class":232},[53,127617,229],{"class":228},[53,127619,1713],{"class":66},[1327,127621,37078,127623,8591,127625],{"id":127622},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,127624,126128],{},[15,127626,3771],{},[20,127628,127629,127631],{},[15,127630,126128],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[44,127633,127635],{"className":46,"code":127634,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,127636,127637,127650,127654,127676],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127638,127639,127641,127643,127645,127648],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127640,34561],{"class":59},[53,127642,31],{"class":63},[53,127644,240],{"class":228},[53,127646,127647],{"class":232},"my_report.csv.backup",[53,127649,1682],{"class":228},[53,127651,127652],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,127653,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,127655,127656,127658,127660,127662,127664,127666,127668,127670,127672,127674],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,127657,145],{"class":144},[53,127659,127],{"class":66},[53,127661,34582],{"class":102},[53,127663,99],{"class":66},[53,127665,126176],{"class":102},[53,127667,127],{"class":66},[53,127669,229],{"class":228},[53,127671,126183],{"class":232},[53,127673,229],{"class":228},[53,127675,1713],{"class":66},[53,127677,127678,127680,127682,127684,127686,127688,127690,127692],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,127679,145],{"class":144},[53,127681,127],{"class":66},[53,127683,229],{"class":228},[53,127685,126183],{"class":232},[53,127687,229],{"class":228},[53,127689,21042],{"class":3764},[53,127691,42713],{"class":102},[53,127693,133],{"class":66},[20,127695,301],{},[44,127697,127698],{"className":46,"code":127194,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,127699,127700,127704],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127701,127702],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127703,3929],{"class":3739},[53,127705,127706],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,127707,3868],{"class":3739},[1327,127709,8339,127711,127713],{"id":127710},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,127712,126128],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,127715,127716,127718],{},[15,127717,126128],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[44,127720,127722],{"className":46,"code":127721,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,127723,127724,127736,127758],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127725,127726,127728,127730,127732,127734],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127727,126153],{"class":59},[53,127729,31],{"class":63},[53,127731,240],{"class":228},[53,127733,126160],{"class":232},[53,127735,1682],{"class":228},[53,127737,127738,127740,127742,127744,127746,127748,127750,127752,127754,127756],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,127739,145],{"class":144},[53,127741,127],{"class":66},[53,127743,126171],{"class":102},[53,127745,99],{"class":66},[53,127747,126176],{"class":102},[53,127749,127],{"class":66},[53,127751,229],{"class":228},[53,127753,126183],{"class":232},[53,127755,229],{"class":228},[53,127757,1713],{"class":66},[53,127759,127760,127762,127764,127766],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,127761,145],{"class":144},[53,127763,127],{"class":66},[53,127765,126171],{"class":102},[53,127767,133],{"class":66},[20,127769,301],{},[44,127771,127773],{"className":46,"code":127772,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,127774,127775,127779],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127776,127777],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127778,3868],{"class":3739},[53,127780,127781,127784,127786],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,127782,127783],{"class":59},"report",[53,127785,99],{"class":66},[53,127787,127788],{"class":24620},"csv\n",[20,127790,127791,127792,99],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[758,127793,127794],{"href":124238},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,127796,65778],{},[194,127798,127799,127802,127805,127808],{},[197,127800,127801],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[197,127803,127804],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[197,127806,127807],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[197,127809,485,127810,44501,127812,2765,127814,111267],{},[15,127811,126128],{},[15,127813,124241],{},[15,127815,41525],{},[20,127817,30007],{},[44,127819,127821],{"className":46,"code":127820,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,127822,127823,127833,127847,127869,127895],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127824,127825,127827,127829,127831],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127826,145],{"class":144},[53,127828,127],{"class":66},[53,127830,34582],{"class":102},[53,127832,133],{"class":66},[53,127834,127835,127837,127839,127841,127843,127845],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,127836,145],{"class":144},[53,127838,127],{"class":66},[53,127840,41651],{"class":144},[53,127842,127],{"class":66},[53,127844,34582],{"class":102},[53,127846,1713],{"class":66},[53,127848,127849,127851,127853,127855,127857,127859,127861,127863,127865,127867],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,127850,145],{"class":144},[53,127852,127],{"class":66},[53,127854,34582],{"class":102},[53,127856,99],{"class":66},[53,127858,126176],{"class":102},[53,127860,127],{"class":66},[53,127862,314],{"class":228},[53,127864,126183],{"class":232},[53,127866,314],{"class":228},[53,127868,1713],{"class":66},[53,127870,127871,127873,127875,127877,127879,127881,127883,127885,127887,127889,127891,127893],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,127872,145],{"class":144},[53,127874,127],{"class":66},[53,127876,34582],{"class":102},[53,127878,99],{"class":66},[53,127880,8527],{"class":102},[53,127882,8524],{"class":66},[53,127884,126176],{"class":102},[53,127886,127],{"class":66},[53,127888,314],{"class":228},[53,127890,126183],{"class":232},[53,127892,314],{"class":228},[53,127894,1713],{"class":66},[53,127896,127897,127899,127901,127903,127905,127907],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,127898,145],{"class":144},[53,127900,127],{"class":66},[53,127902,1705],{"class":1704},[53,127904,127],{"class":66},[53,127906,34582],{"class":102},[53,127908,1713],{"class":66},[39,127910,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,127912,1729,127914,127916],{"id":127913},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,127915,126128],{}," change the string?",[20,127918,127919,127920,2765,127922,99],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,127921,3492],{},[15,127923,3560],{},[1327,127925,5053,127927,127929],{"id":127926},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,127928,126128],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,127931,127932,127933,99],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,127934,127935],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[1327,127937,1756,127939,124406],{"id":127938},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,127940,126128],{},[20,127942,127943,127944,2765,127946,127949],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,127945,123800],{},[15,127947,127948],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[1327,127951,1739,127953,960,127955,1744],{"id":127952},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,127954,126128],{},[15,127956,124065],{},[20,127958,127959,127961,127962,127964],{},[15,127960,126128],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,127963,124065],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[39,127966,1788],{"id":1787},[194,127968,127969,127975,127981,127985,127989],{},[197,127970,127971],{},[758,127972,126070,127973,1316],{"href":127435},[15,127974,127438],{},[197,127976,127977],{},[758,127978,126070,127979,1316],{"href":123797},[15,127980,123800],{},[197,127982,127983],{},[758,127984,124469],{"href":123325},[197,127986,127987],{},[758,127988,124476],{"href":124238},[197,127990,127991],{},[758,127992,124825],{"href":50848},[1817,127994,127995],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":127997},[127998,127999,128001,128002,128007,128008,128014,128015,128016,128024,128034],{"id":41,"depth":88,"text":42},{"id":126236,"depth":88,"text":128000},"What endswith() does",{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372},{"id":126451,"depth":88,"text":126452,"children":128003},[128004,128005,128006],{"id":126365,"depth":109,"text":126365},{"id":35948,"depth":109,"text":35948},{"id":52532,"depth":109,"text":52532},{"id":997,"depth":88,"text":998},{"id":126864,"depth":88,"text":126865,"children":128009},[128010,128011,128012,128013],{"id":126868,"depth":109,"text":126869},{"id":126922,"depth":109,"text":126923},{"id":126979,"depth":109,"text":126980},{"id":127033,"depth":109,"text":127034},{"id":123716,"depth":88,"text":123717},{"id":127267,"depth":88,"text":127268},{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716,"children":128017},[128018,128019,128020,128022],{"id":127447,"depth":109,"text":127448},{"id":127525,"depth":109,"text":127526},{"id":127622,"depth":109,"text":128021},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127710,"depth":109,"text":128023},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":128025},[128026,128028,128030,128032],{"id":127913,"depth":109,"text":128027},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":127926,"depth":109,"text":128029},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":127938,"depth":109,"text":128031},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":127952,"depth":109,"text":128033},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126120,"description":128035},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128042,"title":128043,"body":128044,"description":129712,"extension":1853,"meta":129713,"navigation":112,"path":129714,"seo":129715,"stem":129716,"__hash__":129717},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128045,"toc":129685},[128046,128051,128056,128061,128066,128159,128169,128174,128179,128194,128196,128278,128286,128288,128290,128317,128319,128335,128342,128344,128452,128454,128459,128475,128477,128572,128580,128583,128589,128594,128599,128606,128745,128748,128761,128763,128767,128774,128844,128847,128896,128903,128910,128924,128929,128934,128980,129026,129042,129044,129049,129063,129066,129188,129193,129195,129200,129233,129236,129312,129314,129323,129337,129340,129424,129427,129538,129541,129569,129571,129578,129582,129588,129591,129597,129600,129607,129618,129624,129631,129633,129682],[10,128047,123070,128049,18],{"id":128048},"python-string-find-method",[15,128050,124065],{},[20,128052,123075,128053,128055],{},[15,128054,124065],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,128057,128058,128059,99],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,128060,65569],{},[20,128062,174,128063,128065],{},[15,128064,124065],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[44,128067,128069],{"className":46,"code":128068,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,128070,128071,128083,128106,128119,128123,128146],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,128072,128073,128075,128077,128079,128081],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,128074,34561],{"class":59},[53,128076,31],{"class":63},[53,128078,240],{"class":228},[53,128080,60120],{"class":232},[53,128082,1682],{"class":228},[53,128084,128085,128087,128089,128091,128093,128096,128098,128100,128102,128104],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,128086,64634],{"class":59},[53,128088,31],{"class":63},[53,128090,42713],{"class":59},[53,128092,99],{"class":66},[53,128094,128095],{"class":102},"find",[53,128097,127],{"class":66},[53,128099,229],{"class":228},[53,128101,60305],{"class":232},[53,128103,229],{"class":228},[53,128105,133],{"class":66},[53,128107,128108,128110,128112,128114,128116],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,128109,145],{"class":144},[53,128111,127],{"class":66},[53,128113,64661],{"class":102},[53,128115,153],{"class":66},[53,128117,128118],{"class":156},"   # 6\n",[53,128120,128121],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,128122,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,128124,128125,128128,128130,128132,128134,128136,128138,128140,128142,128144],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,128126,128127],{"class":59},"missing ",[53,128129,31],{"class":63},[53,128131,42713],{"class":59},[53,128133,99],{"class":66},[53,128135,128095],{"class":102},[53,128137,127],{"class":66},[53,128139,229],{"class":228},[53,128141,48],{"class":232},[53,128143,229],{"class":228},[53,128145,133],{"class":66},[53,128147,128148,128150,128152,128154,128156],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,128149,145],{"class":144},[53,128151,127],{"class":66},[53,128153,26643],{"class":102},[53,128155,153],{"class":66},[53,128157,128158],{"class":156},"    # -1\n",[43452,128160,128161],{},[20,128162,174,128163,128165,128166,128168],{},[15,128164,124065],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,128167,65569],{}," if the substring is not found.",[39,128170,184,128172,187],{"id":128171},"what-find-does",[15,128173,124065],{},[20,128175,128176,128178],{},[15,128177,124065],{}," is a string method that:",[194,128180,128181,128184,128187,128192],{},[197,128182,128183],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[197,128185,128186],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[197,128188,11312,128189,128191],{},[15,128190,65569],{}," if no match is found",[197,128193,126256],{},[20,128195,211],{},[44,128197,128199],{"className":46,"code":128198,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,128200,128201,128213,128217,128241,128265],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,128202,128203,128205,128207,128209,128211],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,128204,34561],{"class":59},[53,128206,31],{"class":63},[53,128208,240],{"class":228},[53,128210,243],{"class":232},[53,128212,1682],{"class":228},[53,128214,128215],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,128216,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,128218,128219,128221,128223,128225,128227,128229,128231,128233,128235,128237,128239],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,128220,145],{"class":144},[53,128222,127],{"class":66},[53,128224,34582],{"class":102},[53,128226,99],{"class":66},[53,128228,128095],{"class":102},[53,128230,127],{"class":66},[53,128232,229],{"class":228},[53,128234,123163],{"class":232},[53,128236,229],{"class":228},[53,128238,5245],{"class":66},[53,128240,57358],{"class":156},[53,128242,128243,128245,128247,128249,128251,128253,128255,128257,128259,128261,128263],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,128244,145],{"class":144},[53,128246,127],{"class":66},[53,128248,34582],{"class":102},[53,128250,99],{"class":66},[53,128252,128095],{"class":102},[53,128254,127],{"class":66},[53,128256,229],{"class":228},[53,128258,2060],{"class":232},[53,128260,229],{"class":228},[53,128262,5245],{"class":66},[53,128264,128158],{"class":156},[53,128266,128267,128269,128271,128273,128275],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,128268,145],{"class":144},[53,128270,127],{"class":66},[53,128272,34582],{"class":102},[53,128274,153],{"class":66},[53,128276,128277],{"class":156},"              # banana\n",[20,128279,20639,128280,128283,128284,99],{},[15,128281,128282],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,128285,1589],{},[39,128287,372],{"id":371},[20,128289,375],{},[44,128291,128293],{"className":46,"code":128292,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,128294,128295],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,128296,128297,128299,128301,128303,128305,128307,128309,128311,128313,128315],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,128298,60888],{"class":59},[53,128300,99],{"class":66},[53,128302,128095],{"class":102},[53,128304,127],{"class":66},[53,128306,2360],{"class":102},[53,128308,74],{"class":66},[53,128310,35927],{"class":102},[53,128312,74],{"class":66},[53,128314,64755],{"class":102},[53,128316,133],{"class":66},[1327,128318,17265],{"id":17264},[194,128320,128321,128325,128330],{},[197,128322,128323,123262],{},[15,128324,2360],{},[197,128326,128327,128329],{},[15,128328,35948],{},": optional starting position",[197,128331,128332,128334],{},[15,128333,52532],{},": optional ending position",[20,128336,128337,960,128339,128341],{},[15,128338,35948],{},[15,128340,52532],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,128343,126399],{},[44,128345,128347],{"className":46,"code":128346,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,128348,128349,128361,128365,128390,128419],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,128350,128351,128353,128355,128357,128359],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,128352,34561],{"class":59},[53,128354,31],{"class":63},[53,128356,240],{"class":228},[53,128358,60120],{"class":232},[53,128360,1682],{"class":228},[53,128362,128363],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,128364,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,128366,128367,128369,128371,128373,128375,128377,128379,128381,128383,128385,128387],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,128368,145],{"class":144},[53,128370,127],{"class":66},[53,128372,34582],{"class":102},[53,128374,99],{"class":66},[53,128376,128095],{"class":102},[53,128378,127],{"class":66},[53,128380,229],{"class":228},[53,128382,60187],{"class":232},[53,128384,229],{"class":228},[53,128386,5245],{"class":66},[53,128388,128389],{"class":156},"        # 4\n",[53,128391,128392,128394,128396,128398,128400,128402,128404,128406,128408,128410,128412,128414,128416],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,128393,145],{"class":144},[53,128395,127],{"class":66},[53,128397,34582],{"class":102},[53,128399,99],{"class":66},[53,128401,128095],{"class":102},[53,128403,127],{"class":66},[53,128405,229],{"class":228},[53,128407,60187],{"class":232},[53,128409,229],{"class":228},[53,128411,74],{"class":66},[53,128413,4491],{"class":70},[53,128415,5245],{"class":66},[53,128417,128418],{"class":156},"     # 7\n",[53,128420,128421,128423,128425,128427,128429,128431,128433,128435,128437,128439,128441,128443,128445,128447,128449],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,128422,145],{"class":144},[53,128424,127],{"class":66},[53,128426,34582],{"class":102},[53,128428,99],{"class":66},[53,128430,128095],{"class":102},[53,128432,127],{"class":66},[53,128434,229],{"class":228},[53,128436,60187],{"class":232},[53,128438,229],{"class":228},[53,128440,74],{"class":66},[53,128442,4491],{"class":70},[53,128444,74],{"class":66},[53,128446,5879],{"class":70},[53,128448,5245],{"class":66},[53,128450,128451],{"class":156},"  # -1\n",[39,128453,37895],{"id":37894},[20,128455,57257,128456,128458],{},[15,128457,124065],{}," is always an integer.",[194,128460,128461,128467,128470],{},[197,128462,128463,128464,128466],{},"A number ",[15,128465,852],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[197,128468,128469],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[197,128471,128472,128474],{},[15,128473,65569],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,128476,211],{},[44,128478,128480],{"className":46,"code":128479,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,128481,128482,128494,128498,128523,128548],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,128483,128484,128486,128488,128490,128492],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,128485,34561],{"class":59},[53,128487,31],{"class":63},[53,128489,240],{"class":228},[53,128491,48],{"class":232},[53,128493,1682],{"class":228},[53,128495,128496],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,128497,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,128499,128500,128502,128504,128506,128508,128510,128512,128514,128517,128519,128521],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,128501,145],{"class":144},[53,128503,127],{"class":66},[53,128505,34582],{"class":102},[53,128507,99],{"class":66},[53,128509,128095],{"class":102},[53,128511,127],{"class":66},[53,128513,229],{"class":228},[53,128515,128516],{"class":232},"py",[53,128518,229],{"class":228},[53,128520,5245],{"class":66},[53,128522,20636],{"class":156},[53,128524,128525,128527,128529,128531,128533,128535,128537,128539,128542,128544,128546],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,128526,145],{"class":144},[53,128528,127],{"class":66},[53,128530,34582],{"class":102},[53,128532,99],{"class":66},[53,128534,128095],{"class":102},[53,128536,127],{"class":66},[53,128538,229],{"class":228},[53,128540,128541],{"class":232},"th",[53,128543,229],{"class":228},[53,128545,5245],{"class":66},[53,128547,57358],{"class":156},[53,128549,128550,128552,128554,128556,128558,128560,128562,128564,128566,128568,128570],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,128551,145],{"class":144},[53,128553,127],{"class":66},[53,128555,34582],{"class":102},[53,128557,99],{"class":66},[53,128559,128095],{"class":102},[53,128561,127],{"class":66},[53,128563,229],{"class":228},[53,128565,21946],{"class":232},[53,128567,229],{"class":228},[53,128569,5245],{"class":66},[53,128571,128158],{"class":156},[20,128573,89625,128574,8342,128576,2765,128578,99],{},[15,128575,124065],{},[15,128577,3492],{},[15,128579,3560],{},[20,128581,128582],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[39,128584,485,128585,960,128587],{"id":65121},[15,128586,35948],{},[15,128588,52532],{},[20,128590,174,128591,128593],{},[15,128592,35948],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,128595,174,128596,128598],{},[15,128597,52532],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,128600,1870,128601,75177,128603,128605],{},[15,128602,52532],{},[34,128604,64784],{}," in the search.",[44,128607,128609],{"className":46,"code":128608,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,128610,128611,128624,128628,128652,128681,128713],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,128612,128613,128615,128617,128619,128622],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,128614,34561],{"class":59},[53,128616,31],{"class":63},[53,128618,240],{"class":228},[53,128620,128621],{"class":232},"one two three two",[53,128623,1682],{"class":228},[53,128625,128626],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,128627,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,128629,128630,128632,128634,128636,128638,128640,128642,128644,128646,128648,128650],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,128631,145],{"class":144},[53,128633,127],{"class":66},[53,128635,34582],{"class":102},[53,128637,99],{"class":66},[53,128639,128095],{"class":102},[53,128641,127],{"class":66},[53,128643,229],{"class":228},[53,128645,78986],{"class":232},[53,128647,229],{"class":228},[53,128649,5245],{"class":66},[53,128651,128389],{"class":156},[53,128653,128654,128656,128658,128660,128662,128664,128666,128668,128670,128672,128674,128676,128678],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,128655,145],{"class":144},[53,128657,127],{"class":66},[53,128659,34582],{"class":102},[53,128661,99],{"class":66},[53,128663,128095],{"class":102},[53,128665,127],{"class":66},[53,128667,229],{"class":228},[53,128669,78986],{"class":232},[53,128671,229],{"class":228},[53,128673,74],{"class":66},[53,128675,4491],{"class":70},[53,128677,5245],{"class":66},[53,128679,128680],{"class":156},"     # 14\n",[53,128682,128683,128685,128687,128689,128691,128693,128695,128697,128699,128701,128703,128705,128707,128709,128711],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,128684,145],{"class":144},[53,128686,127],{"class":66},[53,128688,34582],{"class":102},[53,128690,99],{"class":66},[53,128692,128095],{"class":102},[53,128694,127],{"class":66},[53,128696,229],{"class":228},[53,128698,78986],{"class":232},[53,128700,229],{"class":228},[53,128702,74],{"class":66},[53,128704,3720],{"class":70},[53,128706,74],{"class":66},[53,128708,5879],{"class":70},[53,128710,5245],{"class":66},[53,128712,50808],{"class":156},[53,128714,128715,128717,128719,128721,128723,128725,128727,128729,128731,128733,128735,128737,128739,128741,128743],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,128716,145],{"class":144},[53,128718,127],{"class":66},[53,128720,34582],{"class":102},[53,128722,99],{"class":66},[53,128724,128095],{"class":102},[53,128726,127],{"class":66},[53,128728,229],{"class":228},[53,128730,78986],{"class":232},[53,128732,229],{"class":228},[53,128734,74],{"class":66},[53,128736,3720],{"class":70},[53,128738,74],{"class":66},[53,128740,597],{"class":70},[53,128742,5245],{"class":66},[53,128744,128451],{"class":156},[20,128746,128747],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,128749,128750,128751,54934,128755,99],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[758,128752,128754],{"href":128753},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[758,128756,128758,128760],{"href":128757},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,128759,60245],{}," string method",[39,128762,123717],{"id":123716},[20,128764,128765,123528],{},[15,128766,124065],{},[20,128768,127115,128769,960,128771,128773],{},[15,128770,90133],{},[15,128772,64249],{}," are treated as different text.",[44,128775,128777],{"className":46,"code":128776,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,128778,128779,128792,128796,128820],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,128780,128781,128783,128785,128787,128790],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,128782,34561],{"class":59},[53,128784,31],{"class":63},[53,128786,240],{"class":228},[53,128788,128789],{"class":232},"Hello World",[53,128791,1682],{"class":228},[53,128793,128794],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,128795,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,128797,128798,128800,128802,128804,128806,128808,128810,128812,128814,128816,128818],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,128799,145],{"class":144},[53,128801,127],{"class":66},[53,128803,34582],{"class":102},[53,128805,99],{"class":66},[53,128807,128095],{"class":102},[53,128809,127],{"class":66},[53,128811,229],{"class":228},[53,128813,34741],{"class":232},[53,128815,229],{"class":228},[53,128817,5245],{"class":66},[53,128819,51119],{"class":156},[53,128821,128822,128824,128826,128828,128830,128832,128834,128836,128838,128840,128842],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,128823,145],{"class":144},[53,128825,127],{"class":66},[53,128827,34582],{"class":102},[53,128829,99],{"class":66},[53,128831,128095],{"class":102},[53,128833,127],{"class":66},[53,128835,229],{"class":228},[53,128837,3732],{"class":232},[53,128839,229],{"class":228},[53,128841,5245],{"class":66},[53,128843,128451],{"class":156},[20,128845,128846],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[44,128848,128850],{"className":46,"code":128849,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,128851,128852,128864,128868],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,128853,128854,128856,128858,128860,128862],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,128855,34561],{"class":59},[53,128857,31],{"class":63},[53,128859,240],{"class":228},[53,128861,128789],{"class":232},[53,128863,1682],{"class":228},[53,128865,128866],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,128867,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,128869,128870,128872,128874,128876,128878,128880,128882,128884,128886,128888,128890,128892,128894],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,128871,145],{"class":144},[53,128873,127],{"class":66},[53,128875,34582],{"class":102},[53,128877,99],{"class":66},[53,128879,8527],{"class":102},[53,128881,8524],{"class":66},[53,128883,128095],{"class":102},[53,128885,127],{"class":66},[53,128887,229],{"class":228},[53,128889,3732],{"class":232},[53,128891,229],{"class":228},[53,128893,5245],{"class":66},[53,128895,51119],{"class":156},[39,128897,128899,10474,128901],{"id":128898},"find-vs-index",[15,128900,124065],{},[15,128902,58681],{},[20,128904,128905,960,128907,128909],{},[15,128906,124065],{},[15,128908,58681],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[194,128911,128912,128918],{},[197,128913,128914,2285,128916],{},[15,128915,124065],{},[15,128917,65569],{},[197,128919,128920,52367,128922],{},[15,128921,58681],{},[15,128923,40576],{},[20,128925,174,128926,128928],{},[15,128927,124065],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,128930,174,128931,128933],{},[15,128932,58681],{}," when the value must exist.",[44,128935,128937],{"className":46,"code":128936,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,128938,128939,128951,128955],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,128940,128941,128943,128945,128947,128949],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,128942,34561],{"class":59},[53,128944,31],{"class":63},[53,128946,240],{"class":228},[53,128948,3732],{"class":232},[53,128950,1682],{"class":228},[53,128952,128953],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,128954,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,128956,128957,128959,128961,128963,128965,128967,128969,128971,128973,128975,128977],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,128958,145],{"class":144},[53,128960,127],{"class":66},[53,128962,34582],{"class":102},[53,128964,99],{"class":66},[53,128966,128095],{"class":102},[53,128968,127],{"class":66},[53,128970,229],{"class":228},[53,128972,2060],{"class":232},[53,128974,229],{"class":228},[53,128976,5245],{"class":66},[53,128978,128979],{"class":156},"   # -1\n",[44,128981,128983],{"className":46,"code":128982,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,128984,128985,128997,129001],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,128986,128987,128989,128991,128993,128995],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,128988,34561],{"class":59},[53,128990,31],{"class":63},[53,128992,240],{"class":228},[53,128994,3732],{"class":232},[53,128996,1682],{"class":228},[53,128998,128999],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,129000,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,129002,129003,129005,129007,129009,129011,129013,129015,129017,129019,129021,129023],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,129004,145],{"class":144},[53,129006,127],{"class":66},[53,129008,34582],{"class":102},[53,129010,99],{"class":66},[53,129012,35721],{"class":102},[53,129014,127],{"class":66},[53,129016,229],{"class":228},[53,129018,2060],{"class":232},[53,129020,229],{"class":228},[53,129022,5245],{"class":66},[53,129024,129025],{"class":156},"  # ValueError\n",[20,129027,129028,129029,129033,129034,129036,129037,99],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[758,129030,129031,128760],{"href":124090},[15,129032,58681],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,129035,58681],{},", read ",[758,129038,25549,129039],{"href":73197},[15,129040,129041],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[39,129043,40917],{"id":40916},[20,129045,35280,129046,129048],{},[15,129047,124065],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[194,129050,129051,129054,129057,129060],{},[197,129052,129053],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[197,129055,129056],{},"Get the position of a word",[197,129058,129059],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[197,129061,129062],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,129064,129065],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[44,129067,129069],{"className":46,"code":129068,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,129070,129071,129084,129107,129111,129126,129142,129161,129175],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,129072,129073,129075,129077,129079,129082],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,129074,34561],{"class":59},[53,129076,31],{"class":63},[53,129078,240],{"class":228},[53,129080,129081],{"class":232},"name:Alice",[53,129083,1682],{"class":228},[53,129085,129086,129089,129091,129093,129095,129097,129099,129101,129103,129105],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,129087,129088],{"class":59},"colon_pos ",[53,129090,31],{"class":63},[53,129092,42713],{"class":59},[53,129094,99],{"class":66},[53,129096,128095],{"class":102},[53,129098,127],{"class":66},[53,129100,229],{"class":228},[53,129102,192],{"class":232},[53,129104,229],{"class":228},[53,129106,133],{"class":66},[53,129108,129109],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,129110,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,129112,129113,129115,129118,129120,129122,129124],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,129114,6884],{"class":3764},[53,129116,129117],{"class":59}," colon_pos ",[53,129119,72307],{"class":63},[53,129121,2109],{"class":63},[53,129123,71],{"class":70},[53,129125,6280],{"class":66},[53,129127,129128,129131,129133,129135,129137,129140],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,129129,129130],{"class":59},"    label ",[53,129132,31],{"class":63},[53,129134,42713],{"class":59},[53,129136,75250],{"class":66},[53,129138,129139],{"class":59},"colon_pos",[53,129141,85],{"class":66},[53,129143,129144,129146,129148,129150,129152,129154,129156,129158],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,129145,27271],{"class":59},[53,129147,31],{"class":63},[53,129149,42713],{"class":59},[53,129151,311],{"class":66},[53,129153,129088],{"class":59},[53,129155,1949],{"class":63},[53,129157,5382],{"class":70},[53,129159,129160],{"class":66},":]\n",[53,129162,129163,129165,129167,129170,129172],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,129164,7954],{"class":144},[53,129166,127],{"class":66},[53,129168,129169],{"class":102},"label",[53,129171,153],{"class":66},[53,129173,129174],{"class":156},"  # name\n",[53,129176,129177,129179,129181,129183,129185],{"class":55,"line":6312},[53,129178,7954],{"class":144},[53,129180,127],{"class":66},[53,129182,2360],{"class":102},[53,129184,153],{"class":66},[53,129186,129187],{"class":156},"  # Alice\n",[20,129189,129190,129191,99],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[758,129192,127106],{"href":123325},[39,129194,2716],{"id":2715},[20,129196,129197,129198,192],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,129199,124065],{},[194,129201,129202,129211,129217,129222,129228],{},[197,129203,8339,129204,8342,129206,2765,129208,129210],{},[15,129205,124065],{},[15,129207,3492],{},[15,129209,3560],{}," instead of an index",[197,129212,129213,129214,129216],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,129215,65569],{}," when the substring is missing",[197,129218,485,129219,129221],{},[15,129220,124065],{}," without handling case differences",[197,129223,37078,129224,8591,129226],{},[15,129225,124065],{},[15,129227,58681],{},[197,129229,4465,129230,129232],{},[15,129231,124065],{}," changes the string",[20,129234,129235],{},"Example of a mistake:",[44,129237,129239],{"className":46,"code":129238,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129240,129241,129253,129257,129277,129292,129298],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,129242,129243,129245,129247,129249,129251],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,129244,34561],{"class":59},[53,129246,31],{"class":63},[53,129248,240],{"class":228},[53,129250,3732],{"class":232},[53,129252,1682],{"class":228},[53,129254,129255],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,129256,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,129258,129259,129261,129263,129265,129267,129269,129271,129273,129275],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,129260,6884],{"class":3764},[53,129262,42713],{"class":59},[53,129264,99],{"class":66},[53,129266,128095],{"class":102},[53,129268,127],{"class":66},[53,129270,229],{"class":228},[53,129272,60152],{"class":232},[53,129274,229],{"class":228},[53,129276,8228],{"class":66},[53,129278,129279,129281,129283,129285,129288,129290],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,129280,7954],{"class":144},[53,129282,127],{"class":66},[53,129284,229],{"class":228},[53,129286,129287],{"class":232},"Found",[53,129289,229],{"class":228},[53,129291,133],{"class":66},[53,129293,129294,129296],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,129295,27304],{"class":3764},[53,129297,6280],{"class":66},[53,129299,129300,129302,129304,129306,129308,129310],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,129301,7954],{"class":144},[53,129303,127],{"class":66},[53,129305,229],{"class":228},[53,129307,26185],{"class":232},[53,129309,229],{"class":228},[53,129311,133],{"class":66},[20,129313,99631],{},[44,129315,129317],{"className":46,"code":129316,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Not found\n",[15,129318,129319],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,129320,129321],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,129322,129316],{"class":59},[20,129324,45575,129325,129328,129329,16942,129331,129333,129334,129336],{},[15,129326,129327],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,129330,852],{},[15,129332,852],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,129335,6884],{}," statement.",[20,129338,129339],{},"A safer version is:",[44,129341,129343],{"className":46,"code":129342,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129344,129345,129357,129361,129390,129404,129410],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,129346,129347,129349,129351,129353,129355],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,129348,34561],{"class":59},[53,129350,31],{"class":63},[53,129352,240],{"class":228},[53,129354,3732],{"class":232},[53,129356,1682],{"class":228},[53,129358,129359],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,129360,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,129362,129363,129365,129367,129369,129371,129373,129375,129377,129379,129381,129384,129386,129388],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,129364,6884],{"class":3764},[53,129366,42713],{"class":59},[53,129368,99],{"class":66},[53,129370,128095],{"class":102},[53,129372,127],{"class":66},[53,129374,229],{"class":228},[53,129376,60152],{"class":232},[53,129378,229],{"class":228},[53,129380,153],{"class":66},[53,129382,129383],{"class":63}," !=",[53,129385,2109],{"class":63},[53,129387,71],{"class":70},[53,129389,6280],{"class":66},[53,129391,129392,129394,129396,129398,129400,129402],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,129393,7954],{"class":144},[53,129395,127],{"class":66},[53,129397,229],{"class":228},[53,129399,129287],{"class":232},[53,129401,229],{"class":228},[53,129403,133],{"class":66},[53,129405,129406,129408],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,129407,27304],{"class":3764},[53,129409,6280],{"class":66},[53,129411,129412,129414,129416,129418,129420,129422],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,129413,7954],{"class":144},[53,129415,127],{"class":66},[53,129417,229],{"class":228},[53,129419,26185],{"class":232},[53,129421,229],{"class":228},[53,129423,133],{"class":66},[20,129425,129426],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[44,129428,129430],{"className":46,"code":129429,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,129431,129432,129454,129468,129494,129508],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,129433,129434,129436,129438,129440,129442,129444,129446,129448,129450,129452],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,129435,145],{"class":144},[53,129437,127],{"class":66},[53,129439,34582],{"class":102},[53,129441,99],{"class":66},[53,129443,128095],{"class":102},[53,129445,127],{"class":66},[53,129447,314],{"class":228},[53,129449,38265],{"class":232},[53,129451,314],{"class":228},[53,129453,1713],{"class":66},[53,129455,129456,129458,129460,129462,129464,129466],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,129457,145],{"class":144},[53,129459,127],{"class":66},[53,129461,41651],{"class":144},[53,129463,127],{"class":66},[53,129465,34582],{"class":102},[53,129467,1713],{"class":66},[53,129469,129470,129472,129474,129476,129478,129480,129482,129484,129486,129488,129490,129492],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,129471,145],{"class":144},[53,129473,127],{"class":66},[53,129475,34582],{"class":102},[53,129477,99],{"class":66},[53,129479,8527],{"class":102},[53,129481,8524],{"class":66},[53,129483,128095],{"class":102},[53,129485,127],{"class":66},[53,129487,314],{"class":228},[53,129489,38265],{"class":232},[53,129491,314],{"class":228},[53,129493,1713],{"class":66},[53,129495,129496,129498,129500,129502,129504,129506],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,129497,145],{"class":144},[53,129499,127],{"class":66},[53,129501,11050],{"class":144},[53,129503,127],{"class":66},[53,129505,34582],{"class":102},[53,129507,1713],{"class":66},[53,129509,129510,129512,129514,129516,129518,129520,129522,129524,129526,129528,129530,129532,129534,129536],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,129511,145],{"class":144},[53,129513,127],{"class":66},[53,129515,34582],{"class":102},[53,129517,99],{"class":66},[53,129519,128095],{"class":102},[53,129521,127],{"class":66},[53,129523,314],{"class":228},[53,129525,38265],{"class":232},[53,129527,314],{"class":228},[53,129529,74],{"class":66},[53,129531,35927],{"class":102},[53,129533,74],{"class":66},[53,129535,64755],{"class":102},[53,129537,1713],{"class":66},[20,129539,129540],{},"These help you check:",[194,129542,129543,129548,129553,129558,129561],{},[197,129544,129545,129546],{},"The actual result from ",[15,129547,124065],{},[197,129549,129550,129551],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,129552,122284],{},[197,129554,129555,129556],{},"Case differences with ",[15,129557,123800],{},[197,129559,129560],{},"The string length",[197,129562,129563,129564,960,129566,129568],{},"Whether your ",[15,129565,35948],{},[15,129567,52532],{}," values are correct",[39,129570,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,129572,129574,129575,129577],{"id":129573},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,129576,124065],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,129579,5031,129580,99],{},[15,129581,65569],{},[1327,129583,1729,129585,129587],{"id":129584},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,129586,124065],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,129589,129590],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[1327,129592,129594,129595,124406],{"id":129593},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,129596,124065],{},[20,129598,129599],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[1327,129601,1739,129603,960,129605,69370],{"id":129602},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,129604,124065],{},[15,129606,58681],{},[20,129608,129609,2285,129611,129613,129614,52367,129616,99],{},[15,129610,124065],{},[15,129612,65569],{}," if not found, while ",[15,129615,58681],{},[15,129617,40576],{},[1327,129619,28199,129621,129623],{"id":129620},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,129622,124065],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,129625,129626,129627,960,129629,65868],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,129628,35948],{},[15,129630,52532],{},[39,129632,1788],{"id":1787},[194,129634,129635,129641,129647,129654,129660,129667,129671,129676],{},[197,129636,129637],{},[758,129638,126070,129639,1316],{"href":124090},[15,129640,58681],{},[197,129642,129643],{},[758,129644,126070,129645,1316],{"href":128757},[15,129646,60245],{},[197,129648,129649],{},[758,129650,126070,129652,1316],{"href":129651},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,129653,124241],{},[197,129655,129656],{},[758,129657,126070,129658,1316],{"href":127435},[15,129659,127438],{},[197,129661,129662],{},[758,129663,126070,129665,1316],{"href":129664},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,129666,126128],{},[197,129668,129669],{},[758,129670,124469],{"href":123325},[197,129672,129673],{},[758,129674,129675],{"href":128753},"How to split a string in Python",[197,129677,129678],{},[758,129679,25992,129680],{"href":73197},[15,129681,129041],{},[1817,129683,129684],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":129686},[129687,129689,129692,129693,129694,129695,129697,129698,129699,129711],{"id":128171,"depth":88,"text":129688},"What find() does",{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372,"children":129690},[129691],{"id":17264,"depth":109,"text":17265},{"id":37894,"depth":88,"text":37895},{"id":65121,"depth":88,"text":65904},{"id":123716,"depth":88,"text":123717},{"id":128898,"depth":88,"text":129696},"find() vs index()",{"id":40916,"depth":88,"text":40917},{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":129700},[129701,129703,129705,129707,129709],{"id":129573,"depth":109,"text":129702},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129584,"depth":109,"text":129704},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129593,"depth":109,"text":129706},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129602,"depth":109,"text":129708},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129620,"depth":109,"text":129710},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128043,"description":129712},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129719,"title":129720,"body":129721,"description":131647,"extension":1853,"meta":131648,"navigation":112,"path":131649,"seo":131650,"stem":131651,"__hash__":131652},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129722,"toc":131615},[129723,129728,129733,129736,129738,129814,129818,129846,129854,129858,129863,129867,129884,129886,129953,129957,129979,129987,129989,129992,130016,130019,130033,130035,130120,130124,130136,130139,130143,130149,130199,130203,130220,130229,130232,130240,130243,130292,130296,130321,130324,130379,130383,130395,130401,130405,130411,130416,130483,130487,130513,130516,130527,130529,130596,130600,130625,130632,130636,130641,130648,130656,130658,130710,130714,130732,130734,130779,130783,130798,130801,130811,130818,130820,130824,130827,130838,130840,130900,130904,130932,130935,130941,130946,130949,130953,130997,131000,131038,131041,131049,131051,131056,131060,131063,131111,131114,131117,131173,131177,131182,131185,131234,131236,131285,131291,131296,131298,131345,131349,131362,131364,131415,131421,131424,131428,131431,131437,131442,131444,131447,131519,131522,131539,131541,131546,131549,131553,131559,131565,131572,131578,131584,131586,131612],[10,129724,123070,129726,18],{"id":129725},"python-string-format-method",[15,129727,126073],{},[20,129729,123075,129730,129732],{},[15,129731,126073],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,129734,129735],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[39,129737,42],{"id":41},[44,129739,129741],{"className":46,"code":129740,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,129742,129743,129755,129763,129767,129804],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,129744,129745,129747,129749,129751,129753],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,129746,1672],{"class":59},[53,129748,31],{"class":63},[53,129750,240],{"class":228},[53,129752,11398],{"class":232},[53,129754,1682],{"class":228},[53,129756,129757,129759,129761],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,129758,21497],{"class":59},[53,129760,31],{"class":63},[53,129762,88514],{"class":70},[53,129764,129765],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,129766,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,129768,129769,129771,129773,129775,129778,129780,129783,129785,129787,129789,129791,129794,129796,129798,129800,129802],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,129770,89722],{"class":59},[53,129772,31],{"class":63},[53,129774,240],{"class":228},[53,129776,129777],{"class":232},"My name is ",[53,129779,3678],{"class":70},[53,129781,129782],{"class":232}," and I am ",[53,129784,3678],{"class":70},[53,129786,122066],{"class":232},[53,129788,229],{"class":228},[53,129790,99],{"class":66},[53,129792,129793],{"class":102},"format",[53,129795,127],{"class":66},[53,129797,1710],{"class":102},[53,129799,74],{"class":66},[53,129801,9076],{"class":102},[53,129803,133],{"class":66},[53,129805,129806,129808,129810,129812],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,129807,145],{"class":144},[53,129809,127],{"class":66},[53,129811,89739],{"class":102},[53,129813,133],{"class":66},[20,129815,129816],{},[34,129817,301],{},[44,129819,129821],{"className":46,"code":129820,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,129822,129823],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,129824,129825,129828,129830,129833,129836,129839,129842,129844],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,129826,129827],{"class":59},"My name ",[53,129829,12081],{"class":63},[53,129831,129832],{"class":59}," Maya ",[53,129834,129835],{"class":63},"and",[53,129837,129838],{"class":59}," I am ",[53,129840,129841],{"class":70},"12",[53,129843,122099],{"class":59},[53,129845,122102],{"class":66},[20,129847,174,129848,129850,129851,129853],{},[15,129849,3678],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,129852,126073],{}," in the same order.",[20,129855,124822,129856,99],{},[758,129857,124825],{"href":50848},[39,129859,12880,129861,12883],{"id":129860},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,129862,126073],{},[20,129864,1870,129865,11301],{},[15,129866,126073],{},[194,129868,129869,129872,129878,129881],{},[197,129870,129871],{},"inserts values into a string",[197,129873,129874,129875,129877],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,129876,3678],{}," with given values",[197,129879,129880],{},"returns a new string",[197,129882,129883],{},"does not change the original string",[20,129885,211],{},[44,129887,129889],{"className":46,"code":129888,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,129890,129891,129905,129928,129932,129943],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,129892,129893,129895,129897,129899,129901,129903],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,129894,34561],{"class":59},[53,129896,31],{"class":63},[53,129898,240],{"class":228},[53,129900,44773],{"class":232},[53,129902,3678],{"class":70},[53,129904,1682],{"class":228},[53,129906,129907,129910,129912,129914,129916,129918,129920,129922,129924,129926],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,129908,129909],{"class":59},"new_text ",[53,129911,31],{"class":63},[53,129913,42713],{"class":59},[53,129915,99],{"class":66},[53,129917,129793],{"class":102},[53,129919,127],{"class":66},[53,129921,229],{"class":228},[53,129923,7564],{"class":232},[53,129925,229],{"class":228},[53,129927,133],{"class":66},[53,129929,129930],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,129931,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,129933,129934,129936,129938,129941],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,129935,145],{"class":144},[53,129937,127],{"class":66},[53,129939,129940],{"class":102},"new_text",[53,129942,133],{"class":66},[53,129944,129945,129947,129949,129951],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,129946,145],{"class":144},[53,129948,127],{"class":66},[53,129950,34582],{"class":102},[53,129952,133],{"class":66},[20,129954,129955],{},[34,129956,301],{},[44,129958,129960],{"className":46,"code":129959,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,129961,129962,129971],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,129963,129964,129966,129968],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,129965,34741],{"class":59},[53,129967,74],{"class":66},[53,129969,129970],{"class":59}," Sam\n",[53,129972,129973,129975,129977],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,129974,34741],{"class":59},[53,129976,74],{"class":66},[53,129978,9727],{"class":66},[20,129980,2174,129981,129983,129984,129986],{},[15,129982,34582],{}," stays the same. ",[15,129985,126073],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[39,129988,372],{"id":371},[20,129990,129991],{},"The general form is:",[44,129993,129995],{"className":46,"code":129994,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,129996,129997],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,129998,129999,130001,130004,130006,130008,130010,130012,130014],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130000,229],{"class":43200},[53,130002,130003],{"class":43204},"text {}",[53,130005,229],{"class":43200},[53,130007,99],{"class":66},[53,130009,129793],{"class":102},[53,130011,127],{"class":66},[53,130013,2360],{"class":102},[53,130015,133],{"class":66},[20,130017,130018],{},"Key idea:",[194,130020,130021,130027,130030],{},[197,130022,130023,130024,130026],{},"each ",[15,130025,3678],{}," is a placeholder",[197,130028,130029],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[197,130031,130032],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,130034,211],{},[44,130036,130038],{"className":46,"code":130037,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,130039,130040,130053,130067,130071,130109],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130041,130042,130045,130047,130049,130051],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130043,130044],{"class":59},"animal ",[53,130046,31],{"class":63},[53,130048,240],{"class":228},[53,130050,36921],{"class":232},[53,130052,1682],{"class":228},[53,130054,130055,130058,130060,130062,130065],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,130056,130057],{"class":59},"sound ",[53,130059,31],{"class":63},[53,130061,240],{"class":228},[53,130063,130064],{"class":232},"meow",[53,130066,1682],{"class":228},[53,130068,130069],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,130070,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,130072,130073,130076,130078,130080,130082,130084,130087,130089,130091,130093,130095,130097,130099,130102,130104,130107],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,130074,130075],{"class":59},"sentence ",[53,130077,31],{"class":63},[53,130079,240],{"class":228},[53,130081,1870],{"class":232},[53,130083,3678],{"class":70},[53,130085,130086],{"class":232}," says ",[53,130088,3678],{"class":70},[53,130090,99],{"class":232},[53,130092,229],{"class":228},[53,130094,99],{"class":66},[53,130096,129793],{"class":102},[53,130098,127],{"class":66},[53,130100,130101],{"class":102},"animal",[53,130103,74],{"class":66},[53,130105,130106],{"class":102}," sound",[53,130108,133],{"class":66},[53,130110,130111,130113,130115,130118],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,130112,145],{"class":144},[53,130114,127],{"class":66},[53,130116,130117],{"class":102},"sentence",[53,130119,133],{"class":66},[20,130121,130122],{},[34,130123,301],{},[44,130125,130127],{"className":46,"code":130126,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,130128,130129],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130130,130131,130134],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130132,130133],{"class":59},"The cat says meow",[53,130135,122102],{"class":66},[20,130137,130138],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[39,130140,130142],{"id":130141},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,130144,130145,130146,130148],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,130147,3678],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[44,130150,130152],{"className":46,"code":130151,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,130153,130154],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130155,130156,130158,130160,130162,130165,130167,130169,130171,130173,130175,130177,130179,130181,130183,130186,130188,130190,130192,130195,130197],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130157,145],{"class":144},[53,130159,127],{"class":66},[53,130161,229],{"class":228},[53,130163,130164],{"class":232},"I like ",[53,130166,3678],{"class":70},[53,130168,960],{"class":232},[53,130170,3678],{"class":70},[53,130172,99],{"class":232},[53,130174,229],{"class":228},[53,130176,99],{"class":66},[53,130178,129793],{"class":102},[53,130180,127],{"class":66},[53,130182,229],{"class":228},[53,130184,130185],{"class":232},"pizza",[53,130187,229],{"class":228},[53,130189,74],{"class":66},[53,130191,240],{"class":228},[53,130193,130194],{"class":232},"pasta",[53,130196,229],{"class":228},[53,130198,1713],{"class":66},[20,130200,130201],{},[34,130202,301],{},[44,130204,130206],{"className":46,"code":130205,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,130207,130208],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130209,130210,130213,130215,130218],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130211,130212],{"class":59},"I like pizza ",[53,130214,129835],{"class":63},[53,130216,130217],{"class":59}," pasta",[53,130219,122102],{"class":66},[20,130221,130222,130223,960,130226,99],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,130224,130225],{},"{0}",[15,130227,130228],{},"{1}",[20,130230,130231],{},"This is helpful when:",[194,130233,130234,130237],{},[197,130235,130236],{},"you want to reuse a value",[197,130238,130239],{},"you want to change the order",[20,130241,130242],{},"Example with reused values:",[44,130244,130246],{"className":46,"code":130245,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130247,130248,130282],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130249,130250,130252,130254,130256,130258,130261,130263,130266,130268,130270,130272,130274,130276,130278,130280],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130251,34561],{"class":59},[53,130253,31],{"class":63},[53,130255,240],{"class":228},[53,130257,130225],{"class":70},[53,130259,130260],{"class":232}," is learning Python. ",[53,130262,130225],{"class":70},[53,130264,130265],{"class":232}," likes coding.",[53,130267,229],{"class":228},[53,130269,99],{"class":66},[53,130271,129793],{"class":102},[53,130273,127],{"class":66},[53,130275,229],{"class":228},[53,130277,19750],{"class":232},[53,130279,229],{"class":228},[53,130281,133],{"class":66},[53,130283,130284,130286,130288,130290],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,130285,145],{"class":144},[53,130287,127],{"class":66},[53,130289,34582],{"class":102},[53,130291,133],{"class":66},[20,130293,130294],{},[34,130295,301],{},[44,130297,130299],{"className":46,"code":130298,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,130300,130301],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130302,130303,130306,130308,130311,130313,130316,130319],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130304,130305],{"class":59},"Lina ",[53,130307,12081],{"class":63},[53,130309,130310],{"class":59}," learning Python",[53,130312,99],{"class":66},[53,130314,130315],{"class":24620}," Lina",[53,130317,130318],{"class":59}," likes coding",[53,130320,122102],{"class":66},[20,130322,130323],{},"Example with changed order:",[44,130325,130327],{"className":46,"code":130326,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130328,130329,130369],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130330,130331,130333,130335,130337,130339,130341,130343,130345,130347,130349,130351,130353,130355,130357,130359,130361,130363,130365,130367],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130332,34561],{"class":59},[53,130334,31],{"class":63},[53,130336,240],{"class":228},[53,130338,130228],{"class":70},[53,130340,83041],{"class":232},[53,130342,130225],{"class":70},[53,130344,99],{"class":232},[53,130346,229],{"class":228},[53,130348,99],{"class":66},[53,130350,129793],{"class":102},[53,130352,127],{"class":66},[53,130354,229],{"class":228},[53,130356,6472],{"class":232},[53,130358,229],{"class":228},[53,130360,74],{"class":66},[53,130362,240],{"class":228},[53,130364,78986],{"class":232},[53,130366,229],{"class":228},[53,130368,133],{"class":66},[53,130370,130371,130373,130375,130377],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,130372,145],{"class":144},[53,130374,127],{"class":66},[53,130376,34582],{"class":102},[53,130378,133],{"class":66},[20,130380,130381],{},[34,130382,301],{},[44,130384,130386],{"className":46,"code":130385,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"two comes after one.\n",[15,130387,130388],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130389,130390,130393],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130391,130392],{"class":59},"two comes after one",[53,130394,122102],{"class":66},[20,130396,130397,130398,130400],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,130399,3678],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[39,130402,130404],{"id":130403},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,130406,130407,130408,99],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,130409,130410],{},"{name}",[20,130412,130413,130414,192],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,130415,126073],{},[44,130417,130419],{"className":46,"code":130418,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130420,130421,130473],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130422,130423,130425,130427,130429,130431,130433,130436,130439,130441,130443,130445,130447,130449,130451,130453,130455,130457,130459,130461,130463,130465,130467,130469,130471],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130424,34561],{"class":59},[53,130426,31],{"class":63},[53,130428,240],{"class":228},[53,130430,129777],{"class":232},[53,130432,130410],{"class":70},[53,130434,130435],{"class":232}," and I live in ",[53,130437,130438],{"class":70},"{city}",[53,130440,99],{"class":232},[53,130442,229],{"class":228},[53,130444,99],{"class":66},[53,130446,129793],{"class":102},[53,130448,127],{"class":66},[53,130450,1710],{"class":9063},[53,130452,31],{"class":63},[53,130454,229],{"class":228},[53,130456,12765],{"class":232},[53,130458,229],{"class":228},[53,130460,74],{"class":66},[53,130462,31257],{"class":9063},[53,130464,31],{"class":63},[53,130466,229],{"class":228},[53,130468,15902],{"class":232},[53,130470,229],{"class":228},[53,130472,133],{"class":66},[53,130474,130475,130477,130479,130481],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,130476,145],{"class":144},[53,130478,127],{"class":66},[53,130480,34582],{"class":102},[53,130482,133],{"class":66},[20,130484,130485],{},[34,130486,301],{},[44,130488,130490],{"className":46,"code":130489,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,130491,130492],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130493,130494,130496,130498,130501,130503,130506,130508,130511],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130495,129827],{"class":59},[53,130497,12081],{"class":63},[53,130499,130500],{"class":59}," Ana ",[53,130502,129835],{"class":63},[53,130504,130505],{"class":59}," I live ",[53,130507,3771],{"class":63},[53,130509,130510],{"class":59}," Lima",[53,130512,122102],{"class":66},[20,130514,130515],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[194,130517,130518,130521,130524],{},[197,130519,130520],{},"they make code easier to read",[197,130522,130523],{},"they help when a string has many values",[197,130525,130526],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,130528,211],{},[44,130530,130532],{"className":46,"code":130531,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,130533,130534,130586],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130535,130536,130539,130541,130543,130546,130549,130552,130555,130557,130559,130561,130563,130565,130567,130569,130572,130574,130576,130579,130581,130584],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130537,130538],{"class":59},"report ",[53,130540,31],{"class":63},[53,130542,240],{"class":228},[53,130544,130545],{"class":232},"Student: ",[53,130547,130548],{"class":70},"{student}",[53,130550,130551],{"class":232},", Score: ",[53,130553,130554],{"class":70},"{score}",[53,130556,229],{"class":228},[53,130558,99],{"class":66},[53,130560,129793],{"class":102},[53,130562,127],{"class":66},[53,130564,13503],{"class":9063},[53,130566,31],{"class":63},[53,130568,229],{"class":228},[53,130570,130571],{"class":232},"Noah",[53,130573,229],{"class":228},[53,130575,74],{"class":66},[53,130577,130578],{"class":9063}," score",[53,130580,31],{"class":63},[53,130582,130583],{"class":70},"95",[53,130585,133],{"class":66},[53,130587,130588,130590,130592,130594],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,130589,145],{"class":144},[53,130591,127],{"class":66},[53,130593,127783],{"class":102},[53,130595,133],{"class":66},[20,130597,130598],{},[34,130599,301],{},[44,130601,130603],{"className":46,"code":130602,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,130604,130605],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130606,130607,130610,130612,130615,130617,130620,130622],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130608,130609],{"class":59},"Student",[53,130611,192],{"class":66},[53,130613,130614],{"class":59}," Noah",[53,130616,74],{"class":66},[53,130618,130619],{"class":59}," Score",[53,130621,192],{"class":66},[53,130623,130624],{"class":70}," 95\n",[20,130626,130627,130628,99],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[758,130629,3463,130630,3396],{"href":42046},[15,130631,47556],{},[39,130633,130635],{"id":130634},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,130637,130638,130640],{},[15,130639,126073],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,130642,130643,130644,130647],{},"A common example is ",[15,130645,130646],{},":.2f",", which means:",[194,130649,130650,130653],{},[197,130651,130652],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[197,130654,130655],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,130657,211],{},[44,130659,130661],{"className":46,"code":130660,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130662,130663,130671,130700],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130664,130665,130667,130669],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130666,40260],{"class":59},[53,130668,31],{"class":63},[53,130670,49149],{"class":70},[53,130672,130673,130675,130677,130679,130682,130684,130686,130688,130690,130692,130694,130696,130698],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,130674,34561],{"class":59},[53,130676,31],{"class":63},[53,130678,240],{"class":228},[53,130680,130681],{"class":232},"Price: $",[53,130683,9166],{"class":70},[53,130685,130646],{"class":1954},[53,130687,22172],{"class":70},[53,130689,229],{"class":228},[53,130691,99],{"class":66},[53,130693,129793],{"class":102},[53,130695,127],{"class":66},[53,130697,25020],{"class":102},[53,130699,133],{"class":66},[53,130701,130702,130704,130706,130708],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,130703,145],{"class":144},[53,130705,127],{"class":66},[53,130707,34582],{"class":102},[53,130709,133],{"class":66},[20,130711,130712],{},[34,130713,301],{},[44,130715,130717],{"className":46,"code":130716,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,130718,130719],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130720,130721,130724,130726,130729],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130722,130723],{"class":59},"Price",[53,130725,192],{"class":66},[53,130727,130728],{"class":37241}," $",[53,130730,130731],{"class":70},"3.50\n",[20,130733,51952],{},[44,130735,130737],{"className":46,"code":130736,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,130738,130739,130749],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130740,130741,130744,130746],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130742,130743],{"class":59},"average ",[53,130745,31],{"class":63},[53,130747,130748],{"class":70}," 91.236\n",[53,130750,130751,130753,130755,130757,130760,130762,130764,130766,130768,130770,130772,130774,130777],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,130752,145],{"class":144},[53,130754,127],{"class":66},[53,130756,229],{"class":228},[53,130758,130759],{"class":232},"Average: ",[53,130761,9166],{"class":70},[53,130763,130646],{"class":1954},[53,130765,22172],{"class":70},[53,130767,229],{"class":228},[53,130769,99],{"class":66},[53,130771,129793],{"class":102},[53,130773,127],{"class":66},[53,130775,130776],{"class":102},"average",[53,130778,1713],{"class":66},[20,130780,130781],{},[34,130782,301],{},[44,130784,130786],{"className":46,"code":130785,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,130787,130788],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130789,130790,130793,130795],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130791,130792],{"class":59},"Average",[53,130794,192],{"class":66},[53,130796,130797],{"class":70}," 91.24\n",[20,130799,130800],{},"This is useful for:",[194,130802,130803,130805,130808],{},[197,130804,82799],{},[197,130806,130807],{},"averages",[197,130809,130810],{},"percentages",[20,130812,130813,130814,99],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[758,130815,3463,130816,2191],{"href":46321},[15,130817,46324],{},[39,130819,998],{"id":997},[20,130821,130822,92236],{},[15,130823,126073],{},[20,130825,130826],{},"That means you can:",[194,130828,130829,130832,130835],{},[197,130830,130831],{},"save it in a variable",[197,130833,130834],{},"print it directly",[197,130836,130837],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,130839,211],{},[44,130841,130843],{"className":46,"code":130842,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,130844,130845,130876,130886],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130846,130847,130849,130851,130853,130855,130857,130859,130861,130863,130865,130867,130869,130872,130874],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130848,89722],{"class":59},[53,130850,31],{"class":63},[53,130852,240],{"class":228},[53,130854,44773],{"class":232},[53,130856,3678],{"class":70},[53,130858,89563],{"class":232},[53,130860,229],{"class":228},[53,130862,99],{"class":66},[53,130864,129793],{"class":102},[53,130866,127],{"class":66},[53,130868,229],{"class":228},[53,130870,130871],{"class":232},"Chris",[53,130873,229],{"class":228},[53,130875,133],{"class":66},[53,130877,130878,130880,130882,130884],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,130879,145],{"class":144},[53,130881,127],{"class":66},[53,130883,89739],{"class":102},[53,130885,133],{"class":66},[53,130887,130888,130890,130892,130894,130896,130898],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,130889,145],{"class":144},[53,130891,127],{"class":66},[53,130893,1705],{"class":1704},[53,130895,127],{"class":66},[53,130897,89739],{"class":102},[53,130899,1713],{"class":66},[20,130901,130902],{},[34,130903,301],{},[44,130905,130907],{"className":46,"code":130906,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,130908,130909,130918],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130910,130911,130913,130915],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130912,34741],{"class":59},[53,130914,74],{"class":66},[53,130916,130917],{"class":59}," Chris!\n",[53,130919,130920,130922,130924,130926,130928,130930],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,130921,3178],{"class":63},[53,130923,3181],{"class":1954},[53,130925,323],{"class":228},[53,130927,3330],{"class":232},[53,130929,314],{"class":228},[53,130931,3190],{"class":63},[20,130933,130934],{},"The original string is not changed.",[39,130936,130938,130940],{"id":130937},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,130939,126073],{}," vs f-strings",[20,130942,130943,130945],{},[15,130944,126073],{}," is a string method.",[20,130947,130948],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,130950,45912,130951,192],{},[15,130952,126073],{},[44,130954,130956],{"className":46,"code":130955,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,130957,130958,130971],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130959,130960,130962,130964,130966,130969],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130961,1672],{"class":59},[53,130963,31],{"class":63},[53,130965,240],{"class":228},[53,130967,130968],{"class":232},"Rita",[53,130970,1682],{"class":228},[53,130972,130973,130975,130977,130979,130981,130983,130985,130987,130989,130991,130993,130995],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,130974,145],{"class":144},[53,130976,127],{"class":66},[53,130978,229],{"class":228},[53,130980,44773],{"class":232},[53,130982,3678],{"class":70},[53,130984,89563],{"class":232},[53,130986,229],{"class":228},[53,130988,99],{"class":66},[53,130990,129793],{"class":102},[53,130992,127],{"class":66},[53,130994,1710],{"class":102},[53,130996,1713],{"class":66},[20,130998,130999],{},"Example with an f-string:",[44,131001,131003],{"className":46,"code":131002,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,131004,131005,131017],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,131006,131007,131009,131011,131013,131015],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,131008,1672],{"class":59},[53,131010,31],{"class":63},[53,131012,240],{"class":228},[53,131014,130968],{"class":232},[53,131016,1682],{"class":228},[53,131018,131019,131021,131023,131025,131027,131029,131031,131033,131036],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,131020,145],{"class":144},[53,131022,127],{"class":66},[53,131024,22163],{"class":1954},[53,131026,43218],{"class":232},[53,131028,9166],{"class":70},[53,131030,1710],{"class":102},[53,131032,22172],{"class":70},[53,131034,131035],{"class":232},"!\"",[53,131037,133],{"class":66},[20,131039,131040],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,131042,131043,131044,131046,131047,99],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,131045,126073],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[758,131048,89408],{"href":89407},[39,131050,2716],{"id":2715},[20,131052,131053,131054,99],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,131055,126073],{},[1327,131057,131059],{"id":131058},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,131061,131062],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[44,131064,131066],{"className":46,"code":131065,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131067,131068,131101],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,131069,131070,131072,131074,131076,131078,131080,131083,131085,131087,131089,131091,131093,131095,131097,131099],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,131071,34561],{"class":59},[53,131073,31],{"class":63},[53,131075,240],{"class":228},[53,131077,44773],{"class":232},[53,131079,3678],{"class":70},[53,131081,131082],{"class":70}," {}",[53,131084,89563],{"class":232},[53,131086,229],{"class":228},[53,131088,99],{"class":66},[53,131090,129793],{"class":102},[53,131092,127],{"class":66},[53,131094,229],{"class":228},[53,131096,7564],{"class":232},[53,131098,229],{"class":228},[53,131100,133],{"class":66},[53,131102,131103,131105,131107,131109],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,131104,145],{"class":144},[53,131106,127],{"class":66},[53,131108,34582],{"class":102},[53,131110,133],{"class":66},[20,131112,131113],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,131115,131116],{},"Fixed version:",[44,131118,131120],{"className":46,"code":131119,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131121,131122,131163],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,131123,131124,131126,131128,131130,131132,131134,131136,131138,131140,131142,131144,131146,131148,131150,131152,131154,131156,131159,131161],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,131125,34561],{"class":59},[53,131127,31],{"class":63},[53,131129,240],{"class":228},[53,131131,44773],{"class":232},[53,131133,3678],{"class":70},[53,131135,131082],{"class":70},[53,131137,89563],{"class":232},[53,131139,229],{"class":228},[53,131141,99],{"class":66},[53,131143,129793],{"class":102},[53,131145,127],{"class":66},[53,131147,229],{"class":228},[53,131149,7564],{"class":232},[53,131151,229],{"class":228},[53,131153,74],{"class":66},[53,131155,240],{"class":228},[53,131157,131158],{"class":232},"Lee",[53,131160,229],{"class":228},[53,131162,133],{"class":66},[53,131164,131165,131167,131169,131171],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,131166,145],{"class":144},[53,131168,127],{"class":66},[53,131170,34582],{"class":102},[53,131172,133],{"class":66},[1327,131174,131176],{"id":131175},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,131178,131179,131180,99],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,131181,126073],{},[20,131183,131184],{},"Problem:",[44,131186,131188],{"className":46,"code":131187,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131189,131190,131224],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,131191,131192,131194,131196,131198,131200,131202,131204,131206,131208,131210,131212,131214,131216,131218,131220,131222],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,131193,34561],{"class":59},[53,131195,31],{"class":63},[53,131197,240],{"class":228},[53,131199,44773],{"class":232},[53,131201,130410],{"class":70},[53,131203,89563],{"class":232},[53,131205,229],{"class":228},[53,131207,99],{"class":66},[53,131209,129793],{"class":102},[53,131211,127],{"class":66},[53,131213,7870],{"class":9063},[53,131215,31],{"class":63},[53,131217,229],{"class":228},[53,131219,7564],{"class":232},[53,131221,229],{"class":228},[53,131223,133],{"class":66},[53,131225,131226,131228,131230,131232],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,131227,145],{"class":144},[53,131229,127],{"class":66},[53,131231,34582],{"class":102},[53,131233,133],{"class":66},[20,131235,131116],{},[44,131237,131239],{"className":46,"code":131238,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131240,131241,131275],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,131242,131243,131245,131247,131249,131251,131253,131255,131257,131259,131261,131263,131265,131267,131269,131271,131273],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,131244,34561],{"class":59},[53,131246,31],{"class":63},[53,131248,240],{"class":228},[53,131250,44773],{"class":232},[53,131252,130410],{"class":70},[53,131254,89563],{"class":232},[53,131256,229],{"class":228},[53,131258,99],{"class":66},[53,131260,129793],{"class":102},[53,131262,127],{"class":66},[53,131264,1710],{"class":9063},[53,131266,31],{"class":63},[53,131268,229],{"class":228},[53,131270,7564],{"class":232},[53,131272,229],{"class":228},[53,131274,133],{"class":66},[53,131276,131277,131279,131281,131283],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,131278,145],{"class":144},[53,131280,127],{"class":66},[53,131282,34582],{"class":102},[53,131284,133],{"class":66},[1327,131286,8339,131288,131290],{"id":131287},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,131289,126073],{}," to change the original string",[20,131292,131293,131295],{},[15,131294,126073],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,131297,131184],{},[44,131299,131301],{"className":46,"code":131300,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131302,131303,131317,131335],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,131304,131305,131307,131309,131311,131313,131315],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,131306,34561],{"class":59},[53,131308,31],{"class":63},[53,131310,240],{"class":228},[53,131312,44773],{"class":232},[53,131314,3678],{"class":70},[53,131316,1682],{"class":228},[53,131318,131319,131321,131323,131325,131327,131329,131331,131333],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,131320,34582],{"class":59},[53,131322,99],{"class":66},[53,131324,129793],{"class":102},[53,131326,127],{"class":66},[53,131328,229],{"class":228},[53,131330,7564],{"class":232},[53,131332,229],{"class":228},[53,131334,133],{"class":66},[53,131336,131337,131339,131341,131343],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,131338,145],{"class":144},[53,131340,127],{"class":66},[53,131342,34582],{"class":102},[53,131344,133],{"class":66},[20,131346,131347],{},[34,131348,301],{},[44,131350,131352],{"className":46,"code":131351,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Hello, {}\n",[15,131353,131354],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,131355,131356,131358,131360],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,131357,34741],{"class":59},[53,131359,74],{"class":66},[53,131361,9727],{"class":66},[20,131363,131116],{},[44,131365,131367],{"className":46,"code":131366,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131368,131369,131383,131405],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,131370,131371,131373,131375,131377,131379,131381],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,131372,34561],{"class":59},[53,131374,31],{"class":63},[53,131376,240],{"class":228},[53,131378,44773],{"class":232},[53,131380,3678],{"class":70},[53,131382,1682],{"class":228},[53,131384,131385,131387,131389,131391,131393,131395,131397,131399,131401,131403],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,131386,34561],{"class":59},[53,131388,31],{"class":63},[53,131390,42713],{"class":59},[53,131392,99],{"class":66},[53,131394,129793],{"class":102},[53,131396,127],{"class":66},[53,131398,229],{"class":228},[53,131400,7564],{"class":232},[53,131402,229],{"class":228},[53,131404,133],{"class":66},[53,131406,131407,131409,131411,131413],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,131408,145],{"class":144},[53,131410,127],{"class":66},[53,131412,34582],{"class":102},[53,131414,133],{"class":66},[1327,131416,4590,131418,131420],{"id":131417},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,131419,126073],{}," returns a new string",[20,131422,131423],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[1327,131425,131427],{"id":131426},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,131429,131430],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,131432,131433,131434,131436],{},"Use simple ",[15,131435,3678],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,131438,131439,131440,99],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[758,131441,90121],{"href":90120},[39,131443,67610],{"id":67609},[20,131445,131446],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[44,131448,131450],{"className":46,"code":131449,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,131451,131452,131462,131476,131505],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,131453,131454,131456,131458,131460],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,131455,145],{"class":144},[53,131457,127],{"class":66},[53,131459,34582],{"class":102},[53,131461,133],{"class":66},[53,131463,131464,131466,131468,131470,131472,131474],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,131465,145],{"class":144},[53,131467,127],{"class":66},[53,131469,1705],{"class":1704},[53,131471,127],{"class":66},[53,131473,2360],{"class":102},[53,131475,1713],{"class":66},[53,131477,131478,131480,131482,131484,131487,131489,131491,131493,131495,131497,131499,131501,131503],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,131479,145],{"class":144},[53,131481,127],{"class":66},[53,131483,229],{"class":228},[53,131485,131486],{"class":232},"Hello ",[53,131488,3678],{"class":70},[53,131490,229],{"class":228},[53,131492,99],{"class":66},[53,131494,129793],{"class":102},[53,131496,127],{"class":66},[53,131498,229],{"class":228},[53,131500,7564],{"class":232},[53,131502,229],{"class":228},[53,131504,1713],{"class":66},[53,131506,131507,131509,131511,131513,131515,131517],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,131508,32025],{"class":144},[53,131510,127],{"class":66},[53,131512,3330],{"class":1704},[53,131514,99],{"class":66},[53,131516,129793],{"class":24620},[53,131518,133],{"class":66},[20,131520,131521],{},"Use them to check:",[194,131523,131524,131527,131530,131533],{},[197,131525,131526],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[197,131528,131529],{},"what type your value has",[197,131531,131532],{},"whether a small test example works",[197,131534,131535,131536],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,131537,131538],{},"str.format",[39,131540,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,131542,129574,131544,12603],{"id":131543},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,131545,126073],{},[20,131547,131548],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[1327,131550,131552],{"id":131551},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,131554,131555,131556,131558],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,131557,3678],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[1327,131560,131562,131563,1744],{"id":131561},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,131564,126073],{},[20,131566,131567,131568,131571],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,131569,131570],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[1327,131573,1756,131575,131577],{"id":131574},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,131576,126073],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,131579,131580,131581,131583],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,131582,126073],{}," is still useful and common.",[39,131585,1788],{"id":1787},[194,131587,131588,131592,131596,131602,131608],{},[197,131589,131590],{},[758,131591,124825],{"href":50848},[197,131593,131594],{},[758,131595,90398],{"href":89407},[197,131597,131598],{},[758,131599,3463,131600,3396],{"href":46321},[15,131601,46324],{},[197,131603,131604],{},[758,131605,3463,131606,3396],{"href":42046},[15,131607,47556],{},[197,131609,131610],{},[758,131611,90121],{"href":90120},[1817,131613,131614],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":131616},[131617,131618,131620,131621,131622,131623,131624,131625,131627,131636,131637,131646],{"id":41,"depth":88,"text":42},{"id":129860,"depth":88,"text":131619},"What the format() method does",{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372},{"id":130141,"depth":88,"text":130142},{"id":130403,"depth":88,"text":130404},{"id":130634,"depth":88,"text":130635},{"id":997,"depth":88,"text":998},{"id":130937,"depth":88,"text":131626},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716,"children":131628},[131629,131630,131631,131633,131635],{"id":131058,"depth":109,"text":131059},{"id":131175,"depth":109,"text":131176},{"id":131287,"depth":109,"text":131632},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131417,"depth":109,"text":131634},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131426,"depth":109,"text":131427},{"id":67609,"depth":88,"text":67610},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":131638},[131639,131641,131642,131644],{"id":131543,"depth":109,"text":131640},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131551,"depth":109,"text":131552},{"id":131561,"depth":109,"text":131643},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131574,"depth":109,"text":131645},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":129720,"description":131647},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131654,"title":131655,"body":131656,"description":133136,"extension":1853,"meta":133137,"navigation":112,"path":133138,"seo":133139,"stem":133140,"__hash__":133141},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131657,"toc":133108},[131658,131663,131668,131673,131675,131737,131744,131750,131755,131757,131773,131775,131846,131848,131862,131865,131915,131917,131919,131946,131949,131964,131967,132008,132011,132056,132063,132112,132114,132122,132124,132142,132144,132237,132245,132286,132291,132298,132304,132311,132314,132318,132419,132421,132443,132447,132500,132503,132506,132512,132519,132521,132560,132562,132580,132590,132597,132680,132683,132690,132697,132704,132708,132716,132762,132766,132775,132840,132845,132850,132861,132863,132868,132895,132897,133000,133003,133023,133025,133030,133033,133037,133041,133048,133057,133063,133066,133072,133074,133076,133105],[10,131659,123070,131661,18],{"id":131660},"python-string-index-method",[15,131662,58681],{},[20,131664,123075,131665,131667],{},[15,131666,58681],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,131669,131670,131671,99],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,131672,40576],{},[39,131674,42],{"id":41},[44,131676,131678],{"className":46,"code":131677,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,131679,131680,131692,131714,131724,131728,131732],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,131681,131682,131684,131686,131688,131690],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,131683,34561],{"class":59},[53,131685,31],{"class":63},[53,131687,240],{"class":228},[53,131689,60120],{"class":232},[53,131691,1682],{"class":228},[53,131693,131694,131696,131698,131700,131702,131704,131706,131708,131710,131712],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,131695,64634],{"class":59},[53,131697,31],{"class":63},[53,131699,42713],{"class":59},[53,131701,99],{"class":66},[53,131703,35721],{"class":102},[53,131705,127],{"class":66},[53,131707,229],{"class":228},[53,131709,60305],{"class":232},[53,131711,229],{"class":228},[53,131713,133],{"class":66},[53,131715,131716,131718,131720,131722],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,131717,145],{"class":144},[53,131719,127],{"class":66},[53,131721,64661],{"class":102},[53,131723,133],{"class":66},[53,131725,131726],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,131727,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,131729,131730],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,131731,90539],{"class":156},[53,131733,131734],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,131735,131736],{"class":156},"# 6\n",[20,131738,174,131739,131741,131742,99],{},[15,131740,58681],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,131743,40576],{},[39,131745,184,131747,187],{"id":131746},"what-strindex-does",[15,131748,131749],{},"str.index()",[20,131751,131752,131754],{},[15,131753,131749],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,131756,12936],{},[194,131758,131759,131762,131765,131768],{},[197,131760,131761],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[197,131763,131764],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[197,131766,131767],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[197,131769,30165,131770,131772],{},[15,131771,40576],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,131774,211],{},[44,131776,131778],{"className":46,"code":131777,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,131779,131780,131792,131796,131821],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,131781,131782,131784,131786,131788,131790],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,131783,34561],{"class":59},[53,131785,31],{"class":63},[53,131787,240],{"class":228},[53,131789,243],{"class":232},[53,131791,1682],{"class":228},[53,131793,131794],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,131795,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,131797,131798,131800,131802,131804,131806,131808,131810,131812,131814,131816,131818],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,131799,145],{"class":144},[53,131801,127],{"class":66},[53,131803,34582],{"class":102},[53,131805,99],{"class":66},[53,131807,35721],{"class":102},[53,131809,127],{"class":66},[53,131811,229],{"class":228},[53,131813,758],{"class":232},[53,131815,229],{"class":228},[53,131817,5245],{"class":66},[53,131819,131820],{"class":156},"     # 1\n",[53,131822,131823,131825,131827,131829,131831,131833,131835,131837,131839,131841,131843],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,131824,145],{"class":144},[53,131826,127],{"class":66},[53,131828,34582],{"class":102},[53,131830,99],{"class":66},[53,131832,35721],{"class":102},[53,131834,127],{"class":66},[53,131836,229],{"class":228},[53,131838,123163],{"class":232},[53,131840,229],{"class":228},[53,131842,5245],{"class":66},[53,131844,131845],{"class":156},"    # 2\n",[20,131847,2065],{},[194,131849,131850,131856],{},[197,131851,131852,128283,131854],{},[15,131853,17963],{},[15,131855,71],{},[197,131857,131858,128283,131860],{},[15,131859,128282],{},[15,131861,1589],{},[20,131863,131864],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[44,131866,131868],{"className":46,"code":131867,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,131869,131870,131882,131886,131910],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,131871,131872,131874,131876,131878,131880],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,131873,34561],{"class":59},[53,131875,31],{"class":63},[53,131877,240],{"class":228},[53,131879,34741],{"class":232},[53,131881,1682],{"class":228},[53,131883,131884],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,131885,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,131887,131888,131890,131892,131894,131896,131898,131900,131902,131904,131906,131908],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,131889,145],{"class":144},[53,131891,127],{"class":66},[53,131893,34582],{"class":102},[53,131895,99],{"class":66},[53,131897,35721],{"class":102},[53,131899,127],{"class":66},[53,131901,229],{"class":228},[53,131903,51063],{"class":232},[53,131905,229],{"class":228},[53,131907,5245],{"class":66},[53,131909,20636],{"class":156},[53,131911,131912],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,131913,131914],{"class":156},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[39,131916,372],{"id":371},[20,131918,375],{},[44,131920,131922],{"className":46,"code":131921,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,131923,131924],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,131925,131926,131928,131930,131932,131934,131936,131938,131940,131942,131944],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,131927,60888],{"class":59},[53,131929,99],{"class":66},[53,131931,35721],{"class":102},[53,131933,127],{"class":66},[53,131935,2360],{"class":102},[53,131937,74],{"class":66},[53,131939,35927],{"class":102},[53,131941,74],{"class":66},[53,131943,64755],{"class":102},[53,131945,133],{"class":66},[20,131947,131948],{},"Parameters:",[194,131950,131951,131955,131959],{},[197,131952,131953,123262],{},[15,131954,2360],{},[197,131956,131957,128329],{},[15,131958,35948],{},[197,131960,131961,131963],{},[15,131962,52532],{},": optional stopping position",[20,131965,131966],{},"You can use just the value:",[44,131968,131970],{"className":46,"code":131969,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,131971,131972,131984],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,131973,131974,131976,131978,131980,131982],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,131975,34561],{"class":59},[53,131977,31],{"class":63},[53,131979,240],{"class":228},[53,131981,48],{"class":232},[53,131983,1682],{"class":228},[53,131985,131986,131988,131990,131992,131994,131996,131998,132000,132002,132004,132006],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,131987,145],{"class":144},[53,131989,127],{"class":66},[53,131991,34582],{"class":102},[53,131993,99],{"class":66},[53,131995,35721],{"class":102},[53,131997,127],{"class":66},[53,131999,229],{"class":228},[53,132001,63001],{"class":232},[53,132003,229],{"class":228},[53,132005,5245],{"class":66},[53,132007,51287],{"class":156},[20,132009,132010],{},"Or include a start position:",[44,132012,132014],{"className":46,"code":132013,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,132015,132016,132028],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,132017,132018,132020,132022,132024,132026],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,132019,34561],{"class":59},[53,132021,31],{"class":63},[53,132023,240],{"class":228},[53,132025,243],{"class":232},[53,132027,1682],{"class":228},[53,132029,132030,132032,132034,132036,132038,132040,132042,132044,132046,132048,132050,132052,132054],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,132031,145],{"class":144},[53,132033,127],{"class":66},[53,132035,34582],{"class":102},[53,132037,99],{"class":66},[53,132039,35721],{"class":102},[53,132041,127],{"class":66},[53,132043,229],{"class":228},[53,132045,758],{"class":232},[53,132047,229],{"class":228},[53,132049,74],{"class":66},[53,132051,77],{"class":70},[53,132053,5245],{"class":66},[53,132055,50644],{"class":156},[20,132057,132058,132059,960,132061,192],{},"Or include both ",[15,132060,35948],{},[15,132062,52532],{},[44,132064,132066],{"className":46,"code":132065,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,132067,132068,132080],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,132069,132070,132072,132074,132076,132078],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,132071,34561],{"class":59},[53,132073,31],{"class":63},[53,132075,240],{"class":228},[53,132077,243],{"class":232},[53,132079,1682],{"class":228},[53,132081,132082,132084,132086,132088,132090,132092,132094,132096,132098,132100,132102,132104,132106,132108,132110],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,132083,145],{"class":144},[53,132085,127],{"class":66},[53,132087,34582],{"class":102},[53,132089,99],{"class":66},[53,132091,35721],{"class":102},[53,132093,127],{"class":66},[53,132095,229],{"class":228},[53,132097,758],{"class":232},[53,132099,229],{"class":228},[53,132101,74],{"class":66},[53,132103,77],{"class":70},[53,132105,74],{"class":66},[53,132107,4491],{"class":70},[53,132109,5245],{"class":66},[53,132111,50644],{"class":156},[39,132113,37895],{"id":37894},[20,132115,28579,132116,132118,132119,99],{},[15,132117,58681],{}," is a ",[34,132120,132121],{},"zero-based index",[20,132123,775],{},[194,132125,132126,132132,132137],{},[197,132127,132128,132129,132131],{},"Index ",[15,132130,852],{}," is the first character",[197,132133,132128,132134,132136],{},[15,132135,71],{}," is the second character",[197,132138,132128,132139,132141],{},[15,132140,1589],{}," is the third character",[20,132143,211],{},[44,132145,132147],{"className":46,"code":132146,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132148,132149,132161,132165,132189,132213],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,132150,132151,132153,132155,132157,132159],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,132152,34561],{"class":59},[53,132154,31],{"class":63},[53,132156,240],{"class":228},[53,132158,36921],{"class":232},[53,132160,1682],{"class":228},[53,132162,132163],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,132164,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,132166,132167,132169,132171,132173,132175,132177,132179,132181,132183,132185,132187],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,132168,145],{"class":144},[53,132170,127],{"class":66},[53,132172,34582],{"class":102},[53,132174,99],{"class":66},[53,132176,35721],{"class":102},[53,132178,127],{"class":66},[53,132180,229],{"class":228},[53,132182,9628],{"class":232},[53,132184,229],{"class":228},[53,132186,5245],{"class":66},[53,132188,51119],{"class":156},[53,132190,132191,132193,132195,132197,132199,132201,132203,132205,132207,132209,132211],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,132192,145],{"class":144},[53,132194,127],{"class":66},[53,132196,34582],{"class":102},[53,132198,99],{"class":66},[53,132200,35721],{"class":102},[53,132202,127],{"class":66},[53,132204,229],{"class":228},[53,132206,758],{"class":232},[53,132208,229],{"class":228},[53,132210,5245],{"class":66},[53,132212,27650],{"class":156},[53,132214,132215,132217,132219,132221,132223,132225,132227,132229,132231,132233,132235],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,132216,145],{"class":144},[53,132218,127],{"class":66},[53,132220,34582],{"class":102},[53,132222,99],{"class":66},[53,132224,35721],{"class":102},[53,132226,127],{"class":66},[53,132228,229],{"class":228},[53,132230,63001],{"class":232},[53,132232,229],{"class":228},[53,132234,5245],{"class":66},[53,132236,51287],{"class":156},[20,132238,132239,132241,132242,132244],{},[15,132240,58681],{}," returns only the ",[34,132243,29780],{}," matching position.",[44,132246,132248],{"className":46,"code":132247,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,132249,132250,132262],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,132251,132252,132254,132256,132258,132260],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,132253,34561],{"class":59},[53,132255,31],{"class":63},[53,132257,240],{"class":228},[53,132259,243],{"class":232},[53,132261,1682],{"class":228},[53,132263,132264,132266,132268,132270,132272,132274,132276,132278,132280,132282,132284],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,132265,145],{"class":144},[53,132267,127],{"class":66},[53,132269,34582],{"class":102},[53,132271,99],{"class":66},[53,132273,35721],{"class":102},[53,132275,127],{"class":66},[53,132277,229],{"class":228},[53,132279,758],{"class":232},[53,132281,229],{"class":228},[53,132283,5245],{"class":66},[53,132285,27650],{"class":156},[20,132287,20846,132288,132290],{},[15,132289,17963],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,132292,132293,132294,99],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[758,132295,132296,1316],{"href":124520},[15,132297,58303],{},[39,132299,485,132300,960,132302],{"id":65121},[15,132301,35948],{},[15,132303,52532],{},[20,132305,1870,132306,960,132308,132310],{},[15,132307,35948],{},[15,132309,52532],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,132312,132313],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,132315,45912,132316,192],{},[15,132317,35948],{},[44,132319,132321],{"className":46,"code":132320,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,132322,132323,132335,132339,132363,132391],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,132324,132325,132327,132329,132331,132333],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,132326,34561],{"class":59},[53,132328,31],{"class":63},[53,132330,240],{"class":228},[53,132332,243],{"class":232},[53,132334,1682],{"class":228},[53,132336,132337],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,132338,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,132340,132341,132343,132345,132347,132349,132351,132353,132355,132357,132359,132361],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,132342,145],{"class":144},[53,132344,127],{"class":66},[53,132346,34582],{"class":102},[53,132348,99],{"class":66},[53,132350,35721],{"class":102},[53,132352,127],{"class":66},[53,132354,229],{"class":228},[53,132356,758],{"class":232},[53,132358,229],{"class":228},[53,132360,5245],{"class":66},[53,132362,50992],{"class":156},[53,132364,132365,132367,132369,132371,132373,132375,132377,132379,132381,132383,132385,132387,132389],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,132366,145],{"class":144},[53,132368,127],{"class":66},[53,132370,34582],{"class":102},[53,132372,99],{"class":66},[53,132374,35721],{"class":102},[53,132376,127],{"class":66},[53,132378,229],{"class":228},[53,132380,758],{"class":232},[53,132382,229],{"class":228},[53,132384,74],{"class":66},[53,132386,77],{"class":70},[53,132388,5245],{"class":66},[53,132390,50842],{"class":156},[53,132392,132393,132395,132397,132399,132401,132403,132405,132407,132409,132411,132413,132415,132417],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,132394,145],{"class":144},[53,132396,127],{"class":66},[53,132398,34582],{"class":102},[53,132400,99],{"class":66},[53,132402,35721],{"class":102},[53,132404,127],{"class":66},[53,132406,229],{"class":228},[53,132408,758],{"class":232},[53,132410,229],{"class":228},[53,132412,74],{"class":66},[53,132414,597],{"class":70},[53,132416,5245],{"class":66},[53,132418,50627],{"class":156},[20,132420,19825],{},[194,132422,132423,132430,132436],{},[197,132424,132425,132426,65311,132428],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,132427,17963],{},[15,132429,71],{},[197,132431,132432,132433,132435],{},"Starting at index ",[15,132434,1589],{}," skips that first match",[197,132437,132432,132438,132440,132441],{},[15,132439,130],{}," finds the last ",[15,132442,17963],{},[20,132444,45912,132445,192],{},[15,132446,52532],{},[44,132448,132450],{"className":46,"code":132449,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,132451,132452,132464,132468],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,132453,132454,132456,132458,132460,132462],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,132455,34561],{"class":59},[53,132457,31],{"class":63},[53,132459,240],{"class":228},[53,132461,243],{"class":232},[53,132463,1682],{"class":228},[53,132465,132466],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,132467,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,132469,132470,132472,132474,132476,132478,132480,132482,132484,132486,132488,132490,132492,132494,132496,132498],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,132471,145],{"class":144},[53,132473,127],{"class":66},[53,132475,34582],{"class":102},[53,132477,99],{"class":66},[53,132479,35721],{"class":102},[53,132481,127],{"class":66},[53,132483,229],{"class":228},[53,132485,75745],{"class":232},[53,132487,229],{"class":228},[53,132489,74],{"class":66},[53,132491,3720],{"class":70},[53,132493,74],{"class":66},[53,132495,597],{"class":70},[53,132497,5245],{"class":66},[53,132499,51287],{"class":156},[20,132501,132502],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,132504,132505],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[39,132507,44084,132509,132511],{"id":132508},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,132510,58681],{}," causes an error",[20,132513,132514,132515,52367,132517,99],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,132516,58681],{},[15,132518,40576],{},[20,132520,211],{},[44,132522,132524],{"className":46,"code":132523,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,132525,132526,132538],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,132527,132528,132530,132532,132534,132536],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,132529,34561],{"class":59},[53,132531,31],{"class":63},[53,132533,240],{"class":228},[53,132535,3732],{"class":232},[53,132537,1682],{"class":228},[53,132539,132540,132542,132544,132546,132548,132550,132552,132554,132556,132558],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,132541,145],{"class":144},[53,132543,127],{"class":66},[53,132545,34582],{"class":102},[53,132547,99],{"class":66},[53,132549,35721],{"class":102},[53,132551,127],{"class":66},[53,132553,229],{"class":228},[53,132555,21946],{"class":232},[53,132557,229],{"class":228},[53,132559,1713],{"class":66},[20,132561,301],{},[44,132563,132565],{"className":46,"code":132564,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,132566,132567],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,132568,132569,132571,132573,132576,132578],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,132570,40576],{"class":1704},[53,132572,192],{"class":66},[53,132574,132575],{"class":59}," substring ",[53,132577,36],{"class":63},[53,132579,65544],{"class":59},[20,132581,53209,132582,126036,132587,132589],{},[758,132583,132584],{"href":129714},[15,132585,132586],{},"str.find()",[15,132588,65569],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,132591,132592,132593,960,132595,192],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,132594,29675],{},[15,132596,29706],{},[44,132598,132600],{"className":46,"code":132599,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,132601,132602,132614,132618,132624,132647,132657,132665],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,132603,132604,132606,132608,132610,132612],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,132605,34561],{"class":59},[53,132607,31],{"class":63},[53,132609,240],{"class":228},[53,132611,3732],{"class":232},[53,132613,1682],{"class":228},[53,132615,132616],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,132617,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,132619,132620,132622],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,132621,29675],{"class":3764},[53,132623,6280],{"class":66},[53,132625,132626,132629,132631,132633,132635,132637,132639,132641,132643,132645],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,132627,132628],{"class":59},"    position ",[53,132630,31],{"class":63},[53,132632,42713],{"class":59},[53,132634,99],{"class":66},[53,132636,35721],{"class":102},[53,132638,127],{"class":66},[53,132640,229],{"class":228},[53,132642,21946],{"class":232},[53,132644,229],{"class":228},[53,132646,133],{"class":66},[53,132648,132649,132651,132653,132655],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,132650,7954],{"class":144},[53,132652,127],{"class":66},[53,132654,64661],{"class":102},[53,132656,133],{"class":66},[53,132658,132659,132661,132663],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,132660,29706],{"class":3764},[53,132662,41798],{"class":1704},[53,132664,6280],{"class":66},[53,132666,132667,132669,132671,132673,132676,132678],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,132668,7954],{"class":144},[53,132670,127],{"class":66},[53,132672,229],{"class":228},[53,132674,132675],{"class":232},"Substring not found",[53,132677,229],{"class":228},[53,132679,133],{"class":66},[20,132681,132682],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,132684,41818,132685,99],{},[758,132686,25549,132688],{"href":132687},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,132689,129041],{},[39,132691,132693,10474,132695],{"id":132692},"index-vs-find",[15,132694,58681],{},[15,132696,124065],{},[20,132698,132699,960,132701,132703],{},[15,132700,58681],{},[15,132702,124065],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[1327,132705,132706],{"id":35721},[15,132707,58681],{},[194,132709,132710,132713],{},[197,132711,132712],{},"Returns the first match position",[197,132714,132715],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[44,132717,132719],{"className":46,"code":132718,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,132720,132721,132733,132757],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,132722,132723,132725,132727,132729,132731],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,132724,34561],{"class":59},[53,132726,31],{"class":63},[53,132728,240],{"class":228},[53,132730,3732],{"class":232},[53,132732,1682],{"class":228},[53,132734,132735,132737,132739,132741,132743,132745,132747,132749,132751,132753,132755],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,132736,145],{"class":144},[53,132738,127],{"class":66},[53,132740,34582],{"class":102},[53,132742,99],{"class":66},[53,132744,35721],{"class":102},[53,132746,127],{"class":66},[53,132748,229],{"class":228},[53,132750,60161],{"class":232},[53,132752,229],{"class":228},[53,132754,5245],{"class":66},[53,132756,27650],{"class":156},[53,132758,132759],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,132760,132761],{"class":156},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[1327,132763,132764],{"id":128095},[15,132765,124065],{},[194,132767,132768,132770],{},[197,132769,132712],{},[197,132771,11312,132772,132774],{},[15,132773,65569],{}," if nothing is found",[44,132776,132778],{"className":46,"code":132777,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,132779,132780,132792,132816],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,132781,132782,132784,132786,132788,132790],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,132783,34561],{"class":59},[53,132785,31],{"class":63},[53,132787,240],{"class":228},[53,132789,3732],{"class":232},[53,132791,1682],{"class":228},[53,132793,132794,132796,132798,132800,132802,132804,132806,132808,132810,132812,132814],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,132795,145],{"class":144},[53,132797,127],{"class":66},[53,132799,34582],{"class":102},[53,132801,99],{"class":66},[53,132803,128095],{"class":102},[53,132805,127],{"class":66},[53,132807,229],{"class":228},[53,132809,60161],{"class":232},[53,132811,229],{"class":228},[53,132813,5245],{"class":66},[53,132815,27650],{"class":156},[53,132817,132818,132820,132822,132824,132826,132828,132830,132832,132834,132836,132838],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,132819,145],{"class":144},[53,132821,127],{"class":66},[53,132823,34582],{"class":102},[53,132825,99],{"class":66},[53,132827,128095],{"class":102},[53,132829,127],{"class":66},[53,132831,229],{"class":228},[53,132833,21946],{"class":232},[53,132835,229],{"class":228},[53,132837,5245],{"class":66},[53,132839,128451],{"class":156},[20,132841,174,132842,132844],{},[15,132843,58681],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,132846,174,132847,132849],{},[15,132848,124065],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,132851,132852,132853,2765,132858,99],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[758,132854,132855,132857],{"href":129714},[15,132856,132586],{}," method reference",[758,132859,127106],{"href":132860},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[39,132862,2716],{"id":2715},[20,132864,132865,132866,192],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,132867,58681],{},[194,132869,132870,132873,132880,132885,132890],{},[197,132871,132872],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[197,132874,8339,132875,8342,132877,132879],{},[15,132876,58681],{},[15,132878,65569],{}," when no match exists",[197,132881,485,132882,132884],{},[15,132883,58681],{}," on a value that may not be present",[197,132886,132887,132888],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,132889,71],{},[197,132891,4465,132892,132894],{},[15,132893,58681],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,132896,62009],{},[44,132898,132900],{"className":46,"code":132899,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,132901,132902,132912,132926,132948,132970],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,132903,132904,132906,132908,132910],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,132905,145],{"class":144},[53,132907,127],{"class":66},[53,132909,34582],{"class":102},[53,132911,133],{"class":66},[53,132913,132914,132916,132918,132920,132922,132924],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,132915,145],{"class":144},[53,132917,127],{"class":66},[53,132919,41651],{"class":144},[53,132921,127],{"class":66},[53,132923,34582],{"class":102},[53,132925,1713],{"class":66},[53,132927,132928,132930,132932,132934,132936,132938,132940,132942,132944,132946],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,132929,145],{"class":144},[53,132931,127],{"class":66},[53,132933,34582],{"class":102},[53,132935,99],{"class":66},[53,132937,35721],{"class":102},[53,132939,127],{"class":66},[53,132941,229],{"class":228},[53,132943,2360],{"class":232},[53,132945,229],{"class":228},[53,132947,1713],{"class":66},[53,132949,132950,132952,132954,132956,132958,132960,132962,132964,132966,132968],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,132951,145],{"class":144},[53,132953,127],{"class":66},[53,132955,34582],{"class":102},[53,132957,99],{"class":66},[53,132959,128095],{"class":102},[53,132961,127],{"class":66},[53,132963,229],{"class":228},[53,132965,2360],{"class":232},[53,132967,229],{"class":228},[53,132969,1713],{"class":66},[53,132971,132972,132974,132976,132978,132980,132982,132984,132986,132988,132990,132992,132994,132996,132998],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,132973,145],{"class":144},[53,132975,127],{"class":66},[53,132977,34582],{"class":102},[53,132979,99],{"class":66},[53,132981,35721],{"class":102},[53,132983,127],{"class":66},[53,132985,229],{"class":228},[53,132987,2360],{"class":232},[53,132989,229],{"class":228},[53,132991,74],{"class":66},[53,132993,35927],{"class":102},[53,132995,74],{"class":66},[53,132997,64755],{"class":102},[53,132999,1713],{"class":66},[20,133001,133002],{},"Tips:",[194,133004,133005,133010,133015,133018],{},[197,133006,174,133007,133009],{},[15,133008,125992],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[197,133011,174,133012,133014],{},[15,133013,124065],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[197,133016,133017],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[197,133019,133020,133021],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,133022,852],{},[39,133024,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,133026,129574,133028,12603],{"id":133027},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,133029,58681],{},[20,133031,133032],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[1327,133034,133036],{"id":133035},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,133038,76573,133039,99],{},[15,133040,40576],{},[1327,133042,1739,133044,960,133046,1744],{"id":133043},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,133045,58681],{},[15,133047,124065],{},[20,133049,133050,133052,133053,2285,133055,1408],{},[15,133051,58681],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,133054,124065],{},[15,133056,65569],{},[1327,133058,5053,133060,133062],{"id":133059},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,133061,58681],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,133064,133065],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[1327,133067,133069,133070,124406],{"id":133068},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,133071,58681],{},[20,133073,129599],{},[39,133075,1788],{"id":1787},[194,133077,133078,133084,133088,133093,133099],{},[197,133079,133080],{},[758,133081,133082,1316],{"href":129714},[15,133083,132586],{},[197,133085,133086],{},[758,133087,124469],{"href":132860},[197,133089,133090],{},[758,133091,129675],{"href":133092},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[197,133094,133095],{},[758,133096,133097,1316],{"href":124520},[15,133098,58303],{},[197,133100,133101],{},[758,133102,30219,133103],{"href":132687},[15,133104,129041],{},[1817,133106,133107],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html 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an error",{"id":132692,"depth":88,"text":133119,"children":133120},"index() vs find()",[133121,133122],{"id":35721,"depth":109,"text":58681},{"id":128095,"depth":109,"text":124065},{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":133125},[133126,133128,133129,133131,133133],{"id":133027,"depth":109,"text":133127},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133035,"depth":109,"text":133036},{"id":133043,"depth":109,"text":133130},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133059,"depth":109,"text":133132},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133068,"depth":109,"text":133134},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131655,"description":133136},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133143,"title":133144,"body":133145,"description":135920,"extension":1853,"meta":135921,"navigation":112,"path":135922,"seo":135923,"stem":135924,"__hash__":135925},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133146,"toc":135856},[133147,133153,133158,133161,133164,133175,133177,133246,133248,133262,133267,133272,133277,133279,133322,133324,133407,133409,133455,133461,133463,133465,133485,133487,133510,133512,133586,133588,133607,133612,133614,133618,133690,133692,133706,133710,133786,133788,133807,133811,133905,133907,133916,133923,133999,134001,134019,134023,134026,134033,134082,134084,134093,134100,134159,134161,134179,134182,134189,134248,134250,134268,134275,134332,134334,134343,134347,134352,134356,134415,134417,134435,134439,134486,134491,134494,134563,134565,134582,134589,134595,134650,134655,134658,134735,134737,134755,134761,134767,134827,134829,134848,134854,134857,134864,134917,134922,134924,134985,134994,135001,135003,135060,135065,135067,135138,135142,135197,135199,135208,135213,135219,135288,135290,135322,135328,135336,135343,135349,135414,135416,135425,135431,135512,135514,135523,135528,135542,135549,135553,135558,135586,135588,135721,135724,135761,135763,135769,135778,135783,135786,135791,135796,135802,135805,135814,135817,135819,135848,135853],[10,133148,123070,133150,18],{"id":133149},"python-string-join-method",[15,133151,133152],{},"join()",[20,133154,123075,133155,133157],{},[15,133156,133152],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133159,133160],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,133162,133163],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[194,133165,133166,133172],{},[197,133167,133168,133169,133171],{},"You call ",[15,133170,133152],{}," on the separator string",[197,133173,133174],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[39,133176,3497],{"id":3496},[44,133178,133180],{"className":46,"code":133179,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,133181,133182,133215,133236],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133183,133184,133186,133188,133190,133192,133194,133196,133198,133200,133202,133204,133206,133208,133211,133213],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133185,3959],{"class":59},[53,133187,31],{"class":63},[53,133189,67],{"class":66},[53,133191,229],{"class":228},[53,133193,7184],{"class":232},[53,133195,229],{"class":228},[53,133197,74],{"class":66},[53,133199,240],{"class":228},[53,133201,12081],{"class":232},[53,133203,229],{"class":228},[53,133205,74],{"class":66},[53,133207,240],{"class":228},[53,133209,133210],{"class":232},"fun",[53,133212,229],{"class":228},[53,133214,85],{"class":66},[53,133216,133217,133219,133221,133223,133225,133227,133230,133232,133234],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,133218,2117],{"class":59},[53,133220,31],{"class":63},[53,133222,240],{"class":228},[53,133224,240],{"class":228},[53,133226,99],{"class":66},[53,133228,133229],{"class":102},"join",[53,133231,127],{"class":66},[53,133233,4001],{"class":102},[53,133235,133],{"class":66},[53,133237,133238,133240,133242,133244],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,133239,145],{"class":144},[53,133241,127],{"class":66},[53,133243,2152],{"class":102},[53,133245,133],{"class":66},[20,133247,301],{},[44,133249,133251],{"className":46,"code":133250,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Python is fun\n",[15,133252,133253],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133254,133255,133257,133259],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133256,3463],{"class":59},[53,133258,12081],{"class":63},[53,133260,133261],{"class":59}," fun\n",[20,133263,174,133264,133266],{},[15,133265,133152],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[39,133268,184,133270,187],{"id":133269},"what-join-does",[15,133271,133152],{},[20,133273,133274,133276],{},[15,133275,133152],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133278,11347],{},[194,133280,133281,133288,133316,133319],{},[197,133282,133283,133284,133287],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,133285,133286],{},".join()"," as the separator",[197,133289,133290,133291],{},"Common separators are:\n",[194,133292,133293,133299,133305,133311],{},[197,133294,133295,133298],{},[15,133296,133297],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[197,133300,133301,133304],{},[15,133302,133303],{},"\", \""," for commas",[197,133306,133307,133310],{},[15,133308,133309],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[197,133312,133313,133315],{},[15,133314,6158],{}," for no separator",[197,133317,133318],{},"It returns a new string",[197,133320,133321],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,133323,211],{},[44,133325,133327],{"className":46,"code":133326,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,133328,133329,133361,133383,133387,133397],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133330,133331,133333,133335,133337,133339,133341,133343,133345,133347,133349,133351,133353,133355,133357,133359],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133332,3959],{"class":59},[53,133334,31],{"class":63},[53,133336,67],{"class":66},[53,133338,229],{"class":228},[53,133340,1034],{"class":232},[53,133342,229],{"class":228},[53,133344,74],{"class":66},[53,133346,240],{"class":228},[53,133348,17324],{"class":232},[53,133350,229],{"class":228},[53,133352,74],{"class":66},[53,133354,240],{"class":228},[53,133356,1043],{"class":232},[53,133358,229],{"class":228},[53,133360,85],{"class":66},[53,133362,133363,133365,133367,133369,133371,133373,133375,133377,133379,133381],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,133364,2117],{"class":59},[53,133366,31],{"class":63},[53,133368,240],{"class":228},[53,133370,2076],{"class":232},[53,133372,229],{"class":228},[53,133374,99],{"class":66},[53,133376,133229],{"class":102},[53,133378,127],{"class":66},[53,133380,4001],{"class":102},[53,133382,133],{"class":66},[53,133384,133385],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,133386,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,133388,133389,133391,133393,133395],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,133390,145],{"class":144},[53,133392,127],{"class":66},[53,133394,2152],{"class":102},[53,133396,133],{"class":66},[53,133398,133399,133401,133403,133405],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,133400,145],{"class":144},[53,133402,127],{"class":66},[53,133404,4001],{"class":102},[53,133406,133],{"class":66},[20,133408,301],{},[44,133410,133412],{"className":46,"code":133411,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,133413,133414,133427],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133415,133416,133418,133420,133423,133425],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133417,1034],{"class":59},[53,133419,74],{"class":66},[53,133421,133422],{"class":59}," green",[53,133424,74],{"class":66},[53,133426,35756],{"class":59},[53,133428,133429,133431,133433,133435,133437,133439,133441,133443,133445,133447,133449,133451,133453],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,133430,311],{"class":66},[53,133432,314],{"class":228},[53,133434,1034],{"class":232},[53,133436,314],{"class":228},[53,133438,74],{"class":66},[53,133440,323],{"class":228},[53,133442,17324],{"class":232},[53,133444,314],{"class":228},[53,133446,74],{"class":66},[53,133448,323],{"class":228},[53,133450,1043],{"class":232},[53,133452,314],{"class":228},[53,133454,85],{"class":66},[20,133456,133457,133458,133460],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,133459,133152],{}," creates a new string.",[39,133462,372],{"id":371},[20,133464,7105],{},[44,133466,133468],{"className":46,"code":133467,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133469,133470],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133471,133472,133475,133477,133479,133481,133483],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133473,133474],{"class":59},"separator",[53,133476,99],{"class":66},[53,133478,133229],{"class":102},[53,133480,127],{"class":66},[53,133482,3606],{"class":102},[53,133484,133],{"class":66},[1327,133486,48883],{"id":48882},[194,133488,133489,133502,133507],{},[197,133490,133491,133493,133494,2076,133496,2076,133498,2080,133500],{},[15,133492,133474],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133495,133297],{},[15,133497,133303],{},[15,133499,133309],{},[15,133501,6158],{},[197,133503,133504,133506],{},[15,133505,3606],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[197,133508,133509],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,133511,211],{},[44,133513,133515],{"className":46,"code":133514,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133516,133517,133549,133572,133576],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133518,133519,133521,133523,133525,133527,133529,133531,133533,133535,133537,133539,133541,133543,133545,133547],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133520,4880],{"class":59},[53,133522,31],{"class":63},[53,133524,67],{"class":66},[53,133526,229],{"class":228},[53,133528,12765],{"class":232},[53,133530,229],{"class":228},[53,133532,74],{"class":66},[53,133534,240],{"class":228},[53,133536,35816],{"class":232},[53,133538,229],{"class":228},[53,133540,74],{"class":66},[53,133542,240],{"class":228},[53,133544,35825],{"class":232},[53,133546,229],{"class":228},[53,133548,85],{"class":66},[53,133550,133551,133553,133555,133557,133560,133562,133564,133566,133568,133570],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,133552,2117],{"class":59},[53,133554,31],{"class":63},[53,133556,240],{"class":228},[53,133558,133559],{"class":232}," | ",[53,133561,229],{"class":228},[53,133563,99],{"class":66},[53,133565,133229],{"class":102},[53,133567,127],{"class":66},[53,133569,4923],{"class":102},[53,133571,133],{"class":66},[53,133573,133574],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,133575,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,133577,133578,133580,133582,133584],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,133579,145],{"class":144},[53,133581,127],{"class":66},[53,133583,2152],{"class":102},[53,133585,133],{"class":66},[20,133587,301],{},[44,133589,133591],{"className":46,"code":133590,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,133592,133593],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133594,133595,133598,133600,133603,133605],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133596,133597],{"class":59},"Ana ",[53,133599,113577],{"class":63},[53,133601,133602],{"class":59}," Ben ",[53,133604,113577],{"class":63},[53,133606,35897],{"class":59},[20,133608,133609,133610,99],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[758,133611,124825],{"href":50848},[39,133613,121601],{"id":121600},[1327,133615,133617],{"id":133616},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[44,133619,133621],{"className":46,"code":133620,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133622,133623,133656,133676,133680],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133624,133625,133627,133629,133631,133633,133635,133637,133639,133641,133643,133645,133647,133649,133652,133654],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133626,3959],{"class":59},[53,133628,31],{"class":63},[53,133630,67],{"class":66},[53,133632,229],{"class":228},[53,133634,7184],{"class":232},[53,133636,229],{"class":228},[53,133638,74],{"class":66},[53,133640,240],{"class":228},[53,133642,12081],{"class":232},[53,133644,229],{"class":228},[53,133646,74],{"class":66},[53,133648,240],{"class":228},[53,133650,133651],{"class":232},"easy",[53,133653,229],{"class":228},[53,133655,85],{"class":66},[53,133657,133658,133660,133662,133664,133666,133668,133670,133672,133674],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,133659,2117],{"class":59},[53,133661,31],{"class":63},[53,133663,240],{"class":228},[53,133665,240],{"class":228},[53,133667,99],{"class":66},[53,133669,133229],{"class":102},[53,133671,127],{"class":66},[53,133673,4001],{"class":102},[53,133675,133],{"class":66},[53,133677,133678],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,133679,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,133681,133682,133684,133686,133688],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,133683,145],{"class":144},[53,133685,127],{"class":66},[53,133687,2152],{"class":102},[53,133689,133],{"class":66},[20,133691,301],{},[44,133693,133695],{"className":46,"code":133694,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Python is easy\n",[15,133696,133697],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133698,133699,133701,133703],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133700,3463],{"class":59},[53,133702,12081],{"class":63},[53,133704,133705],{"class":59}," easy\n",[1327,133707,133709],{"id":133708},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[44,133711,133713],{"className":46,"code":133712,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133714,133715,133750,133772,133776],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133716,133717,133719,133721,133723,133725,133728,133730,133732,133734,133737,133739,133741,133743,133746,133748],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133718,7667],{"class":59},[53,133720,31],{"class":63},[53,133722,67],{"class":66},[53,133724,229],{"class":228},[53,133726,133727],{"class":232},"apples",[53,133729,229],{"class":228},[53,133731,74],{"class":66},[53,133733,240],{"class":228},[53,133735,133736],{"class":232},"bananas",[53,133738,229],{"class":228},[53,133740,74],{"class":66},[53,133742,240],{"class":228},[53,133744,133745],{"class":232},"oranges",[53,133747,229],{"class":228},[53,133749,85],{"class":66},[53,133751,133752,133754,133756,133758,133760,133762,133764,133766,133768,133770],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,133753,2117],{"class":59},[53,133755,31],{"class":63},[53,133757,240],{"class":228},[53,133759,2076],{"class":232},[53,133761,229],{"class":228},[53,133763,99],{"class":66},[53,133765,133229],{"class":102},[53,133767,127],{"class":66},[53,133769,7696],{"class":102},[53,133771,133],{"class":66},[53,133773,133774],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,133775,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,133777,133778,133780,133782,133784],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,133779,145],{"class":144},[53,133781,127],{"class":66},[53,133783,2152],{"class":102},[53,133785,133],{"class":66},[20,133787,301],{},[44,133789,133791],{"className":46,"code":133790,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,133792,133793],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133794,133795,133797,133799,133802,133804],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133796,133727],{"class":59},[53,133798,74],{"class":66},[53,133800,133801],{"class":59}," bananas",[53,133803,74],{"class":66},[53,133805,133806],{"class":59}," oranges\n",[1327,133808,133810],{"id":133809},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[44,133812,133814],{"className":46,"code":133813,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133815,133816,133873,133891,133895],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133817,133818,133820,133822,133824,133826,133829,133831,133833,133835,133837,133839,133841,133843,133845,133847,133849,133851,133853,133855,133857,133859,133861,133863,133865,133867,133869,133871],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133819,35966],{"class":59},[53,133821,31],{"class":63},[53,133823,67],{"class":66},[53,133825,229],{"class":228},[53,133827,133828],{"class":232},"P",[53,133830,229],{"class":228},[53,133832,74],{"class":66},[53,133834,240],{"class":228},[53,133836,11635],{"class":232},[53,133838,229],{"class":228},[53,133840,74],{"class":66},[53,133842,240],{"class":228},[53,133844,63001],{"class":232},[53,133846,229],{"class":228},[53,133848,74],{"class":66},[53,133850,240],{"class":228},[53,133852,60152],{"class":232},[53,133854,229],{"class":228},[53,133856,74],{"class":66},[53,133858,240],{"class":228},[53,133860,60187],{"class":232},[53,133862,229],{"class":228},[53,133864,74],{"class":66},[53,133866,240],{"class":228},[53,133868,75745],{"class":232},[53,133870,229],{"class":228},[53,133872,85],{"class":66},[53,133874,133875,133877,133879,133881,133883,133885,133887,133889],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,133876,2117],{"class":59},[53,133878,31],{"class":63},[53,133880,6012],{"class":228},[53,133882,99],{"class":66},[53,133884,133229],{"class":102},[53,133886,127],{"class":66},[53,133888,36019],{"class":102},[53,133890,133],{"class":66},[53,133892,133893],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,133894,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,133896,133897,133899,133901,133903],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,133898,145],{"class":144},[53,133900,127],{"class":66},[53,133902,2152],{"class":102},[53,133904,133],{"class":66},[20,133906,301],{},[44,133908,133910],{"className":46,"code":133909,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Python\n",[15,133911,133912],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133913,133914],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133915,133909],{"class":59},[1327,133917,133919,133920,133922],{"id":133918},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,133921,133152],{}," returns the result",[44,133924,133926],{"className":46,"code":133925,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,133927,133928,133961,133984,133988],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133929,133930,133932,133934,133936,133938,133940,133942,133944,133946,133948,133950,133952,133954,133957,133959],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133931,3959],{"class":59},[53,133933,31],{"class":63},[53,133935,67],{"class":66},[53,133937,229],{"class":228},[53,133939,6472],{"class":232},[53,133941,229],{"class":228},[53,133943,74],{"class":66},[53,133945,240],{"class":228},[53,133947,78986],{"class":232},[53,133949,229],{"class":228},[53,133951,74],{"class":66},[53,133953,240],{"class":228},[53,133955,133956],{"class":232},"three",[53,133958,229],{"class":228},[53,133960,85],{"class":66},[53,133962,133963,133966,133968,133970,133972,133974,133976,133978,133980,133982],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,133964,133965],{"class":59},"joined_text ",[53,133967,31],{"class":63},[53,133969,240],{"class":228},[53,133971,1912],{"class":232},[53,133973,229],{"class":228},[53,133975,99],{"class":66},[53,133977,133229],{"class":102},[53,133979,127],{"class":66},[53,133981,4001],{"class":102},[53,133983,133],{"class":66},[53,133985,133986],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,133987,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,133989,133990,133992,133994,133997],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,133991,145],{"class":144},[53,133993,127],{"class":66},[53,133995,133996],{"class":102},"joined_text",[53,133998,133],{"class":66},[20,134000,301],{},[44,134002,134004],{"className":46,"code":134003,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"one-two-three\n",[15,134005,134006],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134007,134008,134010,134012,134014,134016],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134009,6472],{"class":59},[53,134011,1912],{"class":63},[53,134013,78986],{"class":59},[53,134015,1912],{"class":63},[53,134017,134018],{"class":59},"three\n",[39,134020,134022],{"id":134021},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,134024,134025],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[1327,134027,134029,134032],{"id":134028},"join-adds-spaces",[15,134030,134031],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[44,134034,134036],{"className":46,"code":134035,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,134037,134038,134062],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134039,134040,134042,134044,134046,134048,134050,134052,134054,134056,134058,134060],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134041,3959],{"class":59},[53,134043,31],{"class":63},[53,134045,67],{"class":66},[53,134047,229],{"class":228},[53,134049,3732],{"class":232},[53,134051,229],{"class":228},[53,134053,74],{"class":66},[53,134055,240],{"class":228},[53,134057,60305],{"class":232},[53,134059,229],{"class":228},[53,134061,85],{"class":66},[53,134063,134064,134066,134068,134070,134072,134074,134076,134078,134080],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,134065,145],{"class":144},[53,134067,127],{"class":66},[53,134069,229],{"class":228},[53,134071,240],{"class":228},[53,134073,99],{"class":66},[53,134075,133229],{"class":102},[53,134077,127],{"class":66},[53,134079,4001],{"class":102},[53,134081,1713],{"class":66},[20,134083,301],{},[44,134085,134087],{"className":46,"code":134086,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"hello world\n",[15,134088,134089],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134090,134091],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134092,134086],{"class":59},[1327,134094,134096,134099],{"id":134095},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,134097,134098],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[44,134101,134103],{"className":46,"code":134102,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,134104,134105,134137],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134106,134107,134109,134111,134113,134115,134117,134119,134121,134123,134125,134127,134129,134131,134133,134135],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134108,1025],{"class":59},[53,134110,31],{"class":63},[53,134112,67],{"class":66},[53,134114,229],{"class":228},[53,134116,1034],{"class":232},[53,134118,229],{"class":228},[53,134120,74],{"class":66},[53,134122,240],{"class":228},[53,134124,1043],{"class":232},[53,134126,229],{"class":228},[53,134128,74],{"class":66},[53,134130,240],{"class":228},[53,134132,17324],{"class":232},[53,134134,229],{"class":228},[53,134136,85],{"class":66},[53,134138,134139,134141,134143,134145,134147,134149,134151,134153,134155,134157],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,134140,145],{"class":144},[53,134142,127],{"class":66},[53,134144,229],{"class":228},[53,134146,2076],{"class":232},[53,134148,229],{"class":228},[53,134150,99],{"class":66},[53,134152,133229],{"class":102},[53,134154,127],{"class":66},[53,134156,1115],{"class":102},[53,134158,1713],{"class":66},[20,134160,301],{},[44,134162,134164],{"className":46,"code":134163,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"red, blue, green\n",[15,134165,134166],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134167,134168,134170,134172,134175,134177],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134169,1034],{"class":59},[53,134171,74],{"class":66},[53,134173,134174],{"class":59}," blue",[53,134176,74],{"class":66},[53,134178,35749],{"class":59},[20,134180,134181],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[1327,134183,134185,134188],{"id":134184},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,134186,134187],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[44,134190,134192],{"className":46,"code":134191,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,134193,134194,134226],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134195,134196,134198,134200,134202,134204,134206,134208,134210,134212,134214,134216,134218,134220,134222,134224],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134197,42708],{"class":59},[53,134199,31],{"class":63},[53,134201,67],{"class":66},[53,134203,229],{"class":228},[53,134205,48],{"class":232},[53,134207,229],{"class":228},[53,134209,74],{"class":66},[53,134211,240],{"class":228},[53,134213,60888],{"class":232},[53,134215,229],{"class":228},[53,134217,74],{"class":66},[53,134219,240],{"class":228},[53,134221,133229],{"class":232},[53,134223,229],{"class":228},[53,134225,85],{"class":66},[53,134227,134228,134230,134232,134234,134236,134238,134240,134242,134244,134246],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,134229,145],{"class":144},[53,134231,127],{"class":66},[53,134233,229],{"class":228},[53,134235,1912],{"class":232},[53,134237,229],{"class":228},[53,134239,99],{"class":66},[53,134241,133229],{"class":102},[53,134243,127],{"class":66},[53,134245,42740],{"class":102},[53,134247,1713],{"class":66},[20,134249,301],{},[44,134251,134253],{"className":46,"code":134252,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"python-string-join\n",[15,134254,134255],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134256,134257,134259,134261,134263,134265],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134258,48],{"class":59},[53,134260,1912],{"class":63},[53,134262,60888],{"class":59},[53,134264,1912],{"class":63},[53,134266,134267],{"class":59},"join\n",[1327,134269,134271,134274],{"id":134270},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,134272,134273],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[44,134276,134278],{"className":46,"code":134277,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,134279,134280,134313],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134281,134282,134284,134286,134288,134290,134292,134294,134296,134298,134300,134302,134304,134306,134309,134311],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134283,112649],{"class":59},[53,134285,31],{"class":63},[53,134287,67],{"class":66},[53,134289,229],{"class":228},[53,134291,22114],{"class":232},[53,134293,229],{"class":228},[53,134295,74],{"class":66},[53,134297,240],{"class":228},[53,134299,30472],{"class":232},[53,134301,229],{"class":228},[53,134303,74],{"class":66},[53,134305,240],{"class":228},[53,134307,134308],{"class":232},"C",[53,134310,229],{"class":228},[53,134312,85],{"class":66},[53,134314,134315,134317,134319,134321,134323,134325,134327,134330],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,134316,145],{"class":144},[53,134318,127],{"class":66},[53,134320,6158],{"class":228},[53,134322,99],{"class":66},[53,134324,133229],{"class":102},[53,134326,127],{"class":66},[53,134328,134329],{"class":102},"chars",[53,134331,1713],{"class":66},[20,134333,301],{},[44,134335,134337],{"className":46,"code":134336,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"ABC\n",[15,134338,134339],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134340,134341],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134342,134336],{"class":34326},[39,134344,134346],{"id":134345},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,134348,134349,134351],{},[15,134350,133152],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[1327,134353,134355],{"id":134354},"this-works","This works",[44,134357,134359],{"className":46,"code":134358,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134360,134361,134393],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134362,134363,134365,134367,134369,134371,134373,134375,134377,134379,134381,134383,134385,134387,134389,134391],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134364,3709],{"class":59},[53,134366,31],{"class":63},[53,134368,67],{"class":66},[53,134370,229],{"class":228},[53,134372,1188],{"class":232},[53,134374,229],{"class":228},[53,134376,74],{"class":66},[53,134378,240],{"class":228},[53,134380,15625],{"class":232},[53,134382,229],{"class":228},[53,134384,74],{"class":66},[53,134386,240],{"class":228},[53,134388,36715],{"class":232},[53,134390,229],{"class":228},[53,134392,85],{"class":66},[53,134394,134395,134397,134399,134401,134403,134405,134407,134409,134411,134413],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,134396,145],{"class":144},[53,134398,127],{"class":66},[53,134400,229],{"class":228},[53,134402,2076],{"class":232},[53,134404,229],{"class":228},[53,134406,99],{"class":66},[53,134408,133229],{"class":102},[53,134410,127],{"class":66},[53,134412,5242],{"class":102},[53,134414,1713],{"class":66},[20,134416,301],{},[44,134418,134420],{"className":46,"code":134419,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,134421,134422],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134423,134424,134426,134428,134430,134432],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134425,1188],{"class":70},[53,134427,74],{"class":66},[53,134429,1193],{"class":70},[53,134431,74],{"class":66},[53,134433,134434],{"class":70}," 30\n",[1327,134436,134438],{"id":134437},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[44,134440,134442],{"className":46,"code":134441,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134443,134444,134464],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134445,134446,134448,134450,134452,134454,134456,134458,134460,134462],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134447,3709],{"class":59},[53,134449,31],{"class":63},[53,134451,67],{"class":66},[53,134453,71],{"class":70},[53,134455,74],{"class":66},[53,134457,77],{"class":70},[53,134459,74],{"class":66},[53,134461,82],{"class":70},[53,134463,85],{"class":66},[53,134465,134466,134468,134470,134472,134474,134476,134478,134480,134482,134484],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,134467,145],{"class":144},[53,134469,127],{"class":66},[53,134471,229],{"class":228},[53,134473,2076],{"class":232},[53,134475,229],{"class":228},[53,134477,99],{"class":66},[53,134479,133229],{"class":102},[53,134481,127],{"class":66},[53,134483,5242],{"class":102},[53,134485,1713],{"class":66},[20,134487,90026,134488,134490],{},[15,134489,2892],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,134492,134493],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[44,134495,134497],{"className":46,"code":134496,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134498,134499,134519,134549,134553],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134500,134501,134503,134505,134507,134509,134511,134513,134515,134517],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134502,3709],{"class":59},[53,134504,31],{"class":63},[53,134506,67],{"class":66},[53,134508,71],{"class":70},[53,134510,74],{"class":66},[53,134512,77],{"class":70},[53,134514,74],{"class":66},[53,134516,82],{"class":70},[53,134518,85],{"class":66},[53,134520,134521,134523,134525,134527,134529,134531,134533,134535,134537,134539,134541,134543,134545,134547],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,134522,2117],{"class":59},[53,134524,31],{"class":63},[53,134526,240],{"class":228},[53,134528,2076],{"class":232},[53,134530,229],{"class":228},[53,134532,99],{"class":66},[53,134534,133229],{"class":102},[53,134536,127],{"class":66},[53,134538,39732],{"class":144},[53,134540,127],{"class":66},[53,134542,3330],{"class":1704},[53,134544,74],{"class":66},[53,134546,3774],{"class":102},[53,134548,1713],{"class":66},[53,134550,134551],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,134552,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,134554,134555,134557,134559,134561],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,134556,145],{"class":144},[53,134558,127],{"class":66},[53,134560,2152],{"class":102},[53,134562,133],{"class":66},[20,134564,301],{},[44,134566,134568],{"className":46,"code":134567,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,134569,134570],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134571,134572,134574,134576,134578,134580],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134573,71],{"class":70},[53,134575,74],{"class":66},[53,134577,77],{"class":70},[53,134579,74],{"class":66},[53,134581,2463],{"class":70},[20,134583,134584,134585,99],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[758,134586,3463,134587,3396],{"href":42046},[15,134588,47556],{},[1327,134590,134592,134594],{"id":134591},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,134593,3664],{}," values do not work directly",[44,134596,134598],{"className":46,"code":134597,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134599,134600,134628],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134601,134602,134604,134606,134608,134610,134612,134614,134616,134618,134620,134622,134624,134626],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134603,3709],{"class":59},[53,134605,31],{"class":63},[53,134607,67],{"class":66},[53,134609,229],{"class":228},[53,134611,233],{"class":232},[53,134613,229],{"class":228},[53,134615,74],{"class":66},[53,134617,3740],{"class":3739},[53,134619,74],{"class":66},[53,134621,240],{"class":228},[53,134623,243],{"class":232},[53,134625,229],{"class":228},[53,134627,85],{"class":66},[53,134629,134630,134632,134634,134636,134638,134640,134642,134644,134646,134648],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,134631,145],{"class":144},[53,134633,127],{"class":66},[53,134635,229],{"class":228},[53,134637,2076],{"class":232},[53,134639,229],{"class":228},[53,134641,99],{"class":66},[53,134643,133229],{"class":102},[53,134645,127],{"class":66},[53,134647,5242],{"class":102},[53,134649,1713],{"class":66},[20,134651,134652,134653,99],{},"This also causes a ",[15,134654,2892],{},[20,134656,134657],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[44,134659,134661],{"className":46,"code":134660,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134662,134663,134691,134721,134725],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134664,134665,134667,134669,134671,134673,134675,134677,134679,134681,134683,134685,134687,134689],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134666,3709],{"class":59},[53,134668,31],{"class":63},[53,134670,67],{"class":66},[53,134672,229],{"class":228},[53,134674,233],{"class":232},[53,134676,229],{"class":228},[53,134678,74],{"class":66},[53,134680,3740],{"class":3739},[53,134682,74],{"class":66},[53,134684,240],{"class":228},[53,134686,243],{"class":232},[53,134688,229],{"class":228},[53,134690,85],{"class":66},[53,134692,134693,134695,134697,134699,134701,134703,134705,134707,134709,134711,134713,134715,134717,134719],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,134694,2117],{"class":59},[53,134696,31],{"class":63},[53,134698,240],{"class":228},[53,134700,2076],{"class":232},[53,134702,229],{"class":228},[53,134704,99],{"class":66},[53,134706,133229],{"class":102},[53,134708,127],{"class":66},[53,134710,39732],{"class":144},[53,134712,127],{"class":66},[53,134714,3330],{"class":1704},[53,134716,74],{"class":66},[53,134718,3774],{"class":102},[53,134720,1713],{"class":66},[53,134722,134723],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,134724,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,134726,134727,134729,134731,134733],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,134728,145],{"class":144},[53,134730,127],{"class":66},[53,134732,2152],{"class":102},[53,134734,133],{"class":66},[20,134736,301],{},[44,134738,134740],{"className":46,"code":134739,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,134741,134742],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134743,134744,134746,134748,134750,134752],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134745,233],{"class":59},[53,134747,74],{"class":66},[53,134749,3740],{"class":3739},[53,134751,74],{"class":66},[53,134753,134754],{"class":59}," banana\n",[20,134756,134757,134758,134760],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,134759,3664],{}," values instead of converting them.",[1327,134762,134764,134766],{"id":134763},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,134765,133152],{}," also works with tuples",[44,134768,134770],{"className":46,"code":134769,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,134771,134772,134804],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134773,134774,134776,134778,134780,134782,134784,134786,134788,134790,134792,134794,134796,134798,134800,134802],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134775,4880],{"class":59},[53,134777,31],{"class":63},[53,134779,9124],{"class":66},[53,134781,229],{"class":228},[53,134783,7564],{"class":232},[53,134785,229],{"class":228},[53,134787,74],{"class":66},[53,134789,240],{"class":228},[53,134791,131158],{"class":232},[53,134793,229],{"class":228},[53,134795,74],{"class":66},[53,134797,240],{"class":228},[53,134799,7806],{"class":232},[53,134801,229],{"class":228},[53,134803,133],{"class":66},[53,134805,134806,134808,134810,134812,134815,134817,134819,134821,134823,134825],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,134807,145],{"class":144},[53,134809,127],{"class":66},[53,134811,229],{"class":228},[53,134813,134814],{"class":232}," \u002F ",[53,134816,229],{"class":228},[53,134818,99],{"class":66},[53,134820,133229],{"class":102},[53,134822,127],{"class":66},[53,134824,4923],{"class":102},[53,134826,1713],{"class":66},[20,134828,301],{},[44,134830,134832],{"className":46,"code":134831,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,134833,134834],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134835,134836,134839,134841,134844,134846],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134837,134838],{"class":59},"Sam ",[53,134840,126962],{"class":63},[53,134842,134843],{"class":59}," Lee ",[53,134845,126962],{"class":63},[53,134847,22203],{"class":59},[39,134849,134851,134852],{"id":134850},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,134853,133152],{},[20,134855,134856],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[1327,134858,134860,134861,134863],{"id":134859},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,134862,2892],{}," because not all items are strings",[44,134865,134867],{"className":46,"code":134866,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,134868,134869,134897],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134870,134871,134873,134875,134877,134879,134881,134883,134885,134887,134889,134891,134893,134895],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134872,7667],{"class":59},[53,134874,31],{"class":63},[53,134876,67],{"class":66},[53,134878,229],{"class":228},[53,134880,758],{"class":232},[53,134882,229],{"class":228},[53,134884,74],{"class":66},[53,134886,77],{"class":70},[53,134888,74],{"class":66},[53,134890,240],{"class":228},[53,134892,9628],{"class":232},[53,134894,229],{"class":228},[53,134896,85],{"class":66},[53,134898,134899,134901,134903,134905,134907,134909,134911,134913,134915],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,134900,145],{"class":144},[53,134902,127],{"class":66},[53,134904,229],{"class":228},[53,134906,240],{"class":228},[53,134908,99],{"class":66},[53,134910,133229],{"class":102},[53,134912,127],{"class":66},[53,134914,7696],{"class":102},[53,134916,1713],{"class":66},[20,134918,48383,134919,134921],{},[15,134920,1589],{}," is an integer.",[20,134923,1524],{},[44,134925,134927],{"className":46,"code":134926,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,134928,134929,134957],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134930,134931,134933,134935,134937,134939,134941,134943,134945,134947,134949,134951,134953,134955],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134932,7667],{"class":59},[53,134934,31],{"class":63},[53,134936,67],{"class":66},[53,134938,229],{"class":228},[53,134940,758],{"class":232},[53,134942,229],{"class":228},[53,134944,74],{"class":66},[53,134946,77],{"class":70},[53,134948,74],{"class":66},[53,134950,240],{"class":228},[53,134952,9628],{"class":232},[53,134954,229],{"class":228},[53,134956,85],{"class":66},[53,134958,134959,134961,134963,134965,134967,134969,134971,134973,134975,134977,134979,134981,134983],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,134960,145],{"class":144},[53,134962,127],{"class":66},[53,134964,229],{"class":228},[53,134966,240],{"class":228},[53,134968,99],{"class":66},[53,134970,133229],{"class":102},[53,134972,127],{"class":66},[53,134974,39732],{"class":144},[53,134976,127],{"class":66},[53,134978,3330],{"class":1704},[53,134980,74],{"class":66},[53,134982,5851],{"class":102},[53,134984,2799],{"class":66},[20,134986,134987,134988,99],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[758,134989,25549,134991],{"href":134990},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,134992,134993],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[1327,134995,134997,134998,135000],{"id":134996},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,134999,133152],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,135002,4411],{},[44,135004,135006],{"className":46,"code":135005,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,135007,135008,135040],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,135009,135010,135012,135014,135016,135018,135020,135022,135024,135026,135028,135030,135032,135034,135036,135038],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,135011,3959],{"class":59},[53,135013,31],{"class":63},[53,135015,67],{"class":66},[53,135017,229],{"class":228},[53,135019,7184],{"class":232},[53,135021,229],{"class":228},[53,135023,74],{"class":66},[53,135025,240],{"class":228},[53,135027,12081],{"class":232},[53,135029,229],{"class":228},[53,135031,74],{"class":66},[53,135033,240],{"class":228},[53,135035,133210],{"class":232},[53,135037,229],{"class":228},[53,135039,85],{"class":66},[53,135041,135042,135044,135046,135048,135050,135052,135054,135056,135058],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,135043,2117],{"class":59},[53,135045,31],{"class":63},[53,135047,6054],{"class":59},[53,135049,99],{"class":66},[53,135051,133229],{"class":102},[53,135053,127],{"class":66},[53,135055,229],{"class":228},[53,135057,240],{"class":228},[53,135059,133],{"class":66},[20,135061,135062,135064],{},[15,135063,133152],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,135066,10695],{},[44,135068,135070],{"className":46,"code":135069,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135071,135072,135104,135124,135128],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,135073,135074,135076,135078,135080,135082,135084,135086,135088,135090,135092,135094,135096,135098,135100,135102],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,135075,3959],{"class":59},[53,135077,31],{"class":63},[53,135079,67],{"class":66},[53,135081,229],{"class":228},[53,135083,7184],{"class":232},[53,135085,229],{"class":228},[53,135087,74],{"class":66},[53,135089,240],{"class":228},[53,135091,12081],{"class":232},[53,135093,229],{"class":228},[53,135095,74],{"class":66},[53,135097,240],{"class":228},[53,135099,133210],{"class":232},[53,135101,229],{"class":228},[53,135103,85],{"class":66},[53,135105,135106,135108,135110,135112,135114,135116,135118,135120,135122],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,135107,2117],{"class":59},[53,135109,31],{"class":63},[53,135111,240],{"class":228},[53,135113,240],{"class":228},[53,135115,99],{"class":66},[53,135117,133229],{"class":102},[53,135119,127],{"class":66},[53,135121,4001],{"class":102},[53,135123,133],{"class":66},[53,135125,135126],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,135127,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,135129,135130,135132,135134,135136],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,135131,145],{"class":144},[53,135133,127],{"class":66},[53,135135,2152],{"class":102},[53,135137,133],{"class":66},[1327,135139,135141],{"id":135140},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[44,135143,135145],{"className":46,"code":135144,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,135146,135147,135179],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,135148,135149,135151,135153,135155,135157,135159,135161,135163,135165,135167,135169,135171,135173,135175,135177],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,135150,3959],{"class":59},[53,135152,31],{"class":63},[53,135154,67],{"class":66},[53,135156,229],{"class":228},[53,135158,6472],{"class":232},[53,135160,229],{"class":228},[53,135162,74],{"class":66},[53,135164,240],{"class":228},[53,135166,78986],{"class":232},[53,135168,229],{"class":228},[53,135170,74],{"class":66},[53,135172,240],{"class":228},[53,135174,133956],{"class":232},[53,135176,229],{"class":228},[53,135178,85],{"class":66},[53,135180,135181,135183,135185,135187,135189,135191,135193,135195],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,135182,145],{"class":144},[53,135184,127],{"class":66},[53,135186,6158],{"class":228},[53,135188,99],{"class":66},[53,135190,133229],{"class":102},[53,135192,127],{"class":66},[53,135194,4001],{"class":102},[53,135196,1713],{"class":66},[20,135198,301],{},[44,135200,135202],{"className":46,"code":135201,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"onetwothree\n",[15,135203,135204],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,135205,135206],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,135207,135201],{"class":59},[20,135209,135210,135211,1408],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,135212,133297],{},[1327,135214,135216,135217,131420],{"id":135215},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,135218,133152],{},[44,135220,135222],{"className":46,"code":135221,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,135223,135224,135256,135274,135278],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,135225,135226,135228,135230,135232,135234,135236,135238,135240,135242,135244,135246,135248,135250,135252,135254],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,135227,3959],{"class":59},[53,135229,31],{"class":63},[53,135231,67],{"class":66},[53,135233,229],{"class":228},[53,135235,758],{"class":232},[53,135237,229],{"class":228},[53,135239,74],{"class":66},[53,135241,240],{"class":228},[53,135243,1376],{"class":232},[53,135245,229],{"class":228},[53,135247,74],{"class":66},[53,135249,240],{"class":228},[53,135251,9628],{"class":232},[53,135253,229],{"class":228},[53,135255,85],{"class":66},[53,135257,135258,135260,135262,135264,135266,135268,135270,135272],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,135259,229],{"class":43200},[53,135261,1912],{"class":43204},[53,135263,229],{"class":43200},[53,135265,99],{"class":66},[53,135267,133229],{"class":102},[53,135269,127],{"class":66},[53,135271,4001],{"class":102},[53,135273,133],{"class":66},[53,135275,135276],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,135277,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,135279,135280,135282,135284,135286],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,135281,145],{"class":144},[53,135283,127],{"class":66},[53,135285,4001],{"class":102},[53,135287,133],{"class":66},[20,135289,301],{},[44,135291,135292],{"className":46,"code":42747,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,135293,135294],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,135295,135296,135298,135300,135302,135304,135306,135308,135310,135312,135314,135316,135318,135320],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,135297,311],{"class":66},[53,135299,314],{"class":228},[53,135301,758],{"class":232},[53,135303,314],{"class":228},[53,135305,74],{"class":66},[53,135307,323],{"class":228},[53,135309,1376],{"class":232},[53,135311,314],{"class":228},[53,135313,74],{"class":66},[53,135315,323],{"class":228},[53,135317,9628],{"class":232},[53,135319,314],{"class":228},[53,135321,85],{"class":66},[20,135323,135324,135325,135327],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,135326,133152],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[39,135329,135331,135333,135334],{"id":135330},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,135332,133152],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,135335,1949],{},[20,135337,10479,135338,960,135340,135342],{},[15,135339,133152],{},[15,135341,1949],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[1327,135344,174,135346,135348],{"id":135345},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,135347,1949],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[44,135350,135352],{"className":46,"code":135351,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135353,135354,135367,135380,135400,135404],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,135355,135356,135359,135361,135363,135365],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,135357,135358],{"class":59},"first ",[53,135360,31],{"class":63},[53,135362,240],{"class":228},[53,135364,34741],{"class":232},[53,135366,1682],{"class":228},[53,135368,135369,135372,135374,135376,135378],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,135370,135371],{"class":59},"second ",[53,135373,31],{"class":63},[53,135375,240],{"class":228},[53,135377,89455],{"class":232},[53,135379,1682],{"class":228},[53,135381,135382,135384,135386,135389,135391,135393,135395,135397],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,135383,2117],{"class":59},[53,135385,31],{"class":63},[53,135387,135388],{"class":59}," first ",[53,135390,1949],{"class":63},[53,135392,240],{"class":228},[53,135394,240],{"class":228},[53,135396,2342],{"class":63},[53,135398,135399],{"class":59}," second\n",[53,135401,135402],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,135403,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,135405,135406,135408,135410,135412],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,135407,145],{"class":144},[53,135409,127],{"class":66},[53,135411,2152],{"class":102},[53,135413,133],{"class":66},[20,135415,301],{},[44,135417,135419],{"className":46,"code":135418,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Hello World\n",[15,135420,135421],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,135422,135423],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,135424,135418],{"class":59},[1327,135426,174,135428,135430],{"id":135427},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,135429,133152],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[44,135432,135434],{"className":46,"code":135433,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135435,135436,135478,135498,135502],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,135437,135438,135440,135442,135444,135446,135448,135450,135452,135454,135457,135459,135461,135463,135466,135468,135470,135472,135474,135476],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,135439,3959],{"class":59},[53,135441,31],{"class":63},[53,135443,67],{"class":66},[53,135445,229],{"class":228},[53,135447,7184],{"class":232},[53,135449,229],{"class":228},[53,135451,74],{"class":66},[53,135453,240],{"class":228},[53,135455,135456],{"class":232},"makes",[53,135458,229],{"class":228},[53,135460,74],{"class":66},[53,135462,240],{"class":228},[53,135464,135465],{"class":232},"this",[53,135467,229],{"class":228},[53,135469,74],{"class":66},[53,135471,240],{"class":228},[53,135473,133651],{"class":232},[53,135475,229],{"class":228},[53,135477,85],{"class":66},[53,135479,135480,135482,135484,135486,135488,135490,135492,135494,135496],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,135481,2117],{"class":59},[53,135483,31],{"class":63},[53,135485,240],{"class":228},[53,135487,240],{"class":228},[53,135489,99],{"class":66},[53,135491,133229],{"class":102},[53,135493,127],{"class":66},[53,135495,4001],{"class":102},[53,135497,133],{"class":66},[53,135499,135500],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,135501,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,135503,135504,135506,135508,135510],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,135505,145],{"class":144},[53,135507,127],{"class":66},[53,135509,2152],{"class":102},[53,135511,133],{"class":66},[20,135513,301],{},[44,135515,135517],{"className":46,"code":135516,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,135518,135519],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,135520,135521],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,135522,135516],{"class":59},[20,135524,135525,135527],{},[15,135526,133152],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[194,135529,135530,135533,135536],{},[197,135531,135532],{},"You already have a list of strings",[197,135534,135535],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[197,135537,135538,135539,135541],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,135540,1949],{}," operators",[20,135543,135544,135545,99],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[758,135546,135548],{"href":135547},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[39,135550,135552],{"id":135551},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,135554,8762,135555,135557],{},[15,135556,133152],{}," is not working, check these first:",[194,135559,135560,135563,135568,135577,135583],{},[197,135561,135562],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[197,135564,135565,135566],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,135567,3664],{},[197,135569,135570,135571,10980,135574],{},"You may have written ",[15,135572,135573],{},"list.join(...)",[15,135575,135576],{},"string.join(...)",[197,135578,135579,135580,135582],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,135581,133152],{}," to change the original iterable",[197,135584,135585],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,135587,94095],{},[44,135589,135591],{"className":46,"code":135590,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,135592,135593,135607,135617,135641,135681],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,135594,135595,135597,135599,135601,135603,135605],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,135596,145],{"class":144},[53,135598,127],{"class":66},[53,135600,1705],{"class":1704},[53,135602,127],{"class":66},[53,135604,7696],{"class":102},[53,135606,1713],{"class":66},[53,135608,135609,135611,135613,135615],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,135610,145],{"class":144},[53,135612,127],{"class":66},[53,135614,7696],{"class":102},[53,135616,133],{"class":66},[53,135618,135619,135621,135623,135625,135627,135629,135631,135633,135635,135637,135639],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,135620,145],{"class":144},[53,135622,2873],{"class":66},[53,135624,1705],{"class":1704},[53,135626,127],{"class":66},[53,135628,23180],{"class":102},[53,135630,153],{"class":66},[53,135632,3765],{"class":3764},[53,135634,5846],{"class":102},[53,135636,3771],{"class":3764},[53,135638,5851],{"class":102},[53,135640,3777],{"class":66},[53,135642,135643,135645,135647,135649,135651,135653,135655,135657,135659,135661,135663,135665,135667,135669,135671,135673,135675,135677,135679],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,135644,145],{"class":144},[53,135646,127],{"class":66},[53,135648,314],{"class":228},[53,135650,323],{"class":228},[53,135652,99],{"class":66},[53,135654,133229],{"class":102},[53,135656,2873],{"class":66},[53,135658,314],{"class":228},[53,135660,758],{"class":232},[53,135662,314],{"class":228},[53,135664,74],{"class":66},[53,135666,323],{"class":228},[53,135668,1376],{"class":232},[53,135670,314],{"class":228},[53,135672,74],{"class":66},[53,135674,323],{"class":228},[53,135676,9628],{"class":232},[53,135678,314],{"class":228},[53,135680,2886],{"class":66},[53,135682,135683,135685,135687,135689,135691,135693,135695,135697,135699,135701,135703,135705,135707,135709,135711,135713,135715,135717,135719],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,135684,145],{"class":144},[53,135686,127],{"class":66},[53,135688,314],{"class":228},[53,135690,2076],{"class":232},[53,135692,314],{"class":228},[53,135694,99],{"class":66},[53,135696,133229],{"class":102},[53,135698,127],{"class":66},[53,135700,39732],{"class":144},[53,135702,127],{"class":66},[53,135704,3330],{"class":1704},[53,135706,74],{"class":66},[53,135708,67],{"class":66},[53,135710,71],{"class":70},[53,135712,74],{"class":66},[53,135714,77],{"class":70},[53,135716,74],{"class":66},[53,135718,82],{"class":70},[53,135720,37139],{"class":66},[20,135722,135723],{},"What these checks do:",[194,135725,135726,135734,135740,135746,135755],{},[197,135727,135728,135731,135732,7982],{},[15,135729,135730],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,135733,7696],{},[197,135735,135736,135739],{},[15,135737,135738],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[197,135741,135742,135745],{},[15,135743,135744],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[197,135747,135748,135751,135752,135754],{},[15,135749,135750],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,135753,133152],{}," behavior",[197,135756,135757,135760],{},[15,135758,135759],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[39,135762,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,135764,1729,135766,135768],{"id":135765},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,135767,133152],{}," work with numbers?",[20,135770,135771,135772,135774,135775,99],{},"Not directly. ",[15,135773,133152],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,135776,135777],{},"map(str, values)",[1327,135779,1729,135781,1732],{"id":135780},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,135782,133152],{},[20,135784,135785],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1327,135787,28199,135789,62349],{"id":135788},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,135790,133152],{},[20,135792,1769,135793,135795],{},[15,135794,133152],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[1327,135797,5025,135799,39833],{"id":135798},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,135800,135801],{},"''.join(words)",[20,135803,135804],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[1327,135806,135808,135809,135811,135812,1744],{"id":135807},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,135810,2892],{}," when using ",[15,135813,133152],{},[20,135815,135816],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[39,135818,1788],{"id":1787},[194,135820,135821,135826,135832,135838,135844],{},[197,135822,135823],{},[758,135824,135825],{"href":135547},"How to join strings in Python",[197,135827,135828],{},[758,135829,126070,135830,1316],{"href":128757},[15,135831,60245],{},[197,135833,135834],{},[758,135835,3463,135836,3396],{"href":42046},[15,135837,47556],{},[197,135839,135840],{},[758,135841,30219,135842],{"href":134990},[15,135843,134993],{},[197,135845,135846],{},[758,135847,124825],{"href":50848},[20,135849,97065,135850,135852],{},[15,135851,133152],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[1817,135854,135855],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":135857},[135858,135859,135861,135864,135871,135881,135889,135899,135906,135907,135919],{"id":3496,"depth":88,"text":3497},{"id":133269,"depth":88,"text":135860},"What join() does",{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372,"children":135862},[135863],{"id":48882,"depth":109,"text":48883},{"id":121600,"depth":88,"text":121601,"children":135865},[135866,135867,135868,135869],{"id":133616,"depth":109,"text":133617},{"id":133708,"depth":109,"text":133709},{"id":133809,"depth":109,"text":133810},{"id":133918,"depth":109,"text":135870},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134021,"depth":88,"text":134022,"children":135872},[135873,135875,135877,135879],{"id":134028,"depth":109,"text":135874},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134095,"depth":109,"text":135876},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134184,"depth":109,"text":135878},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134270,"depth":109,"text":135880},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134345,"depth":88,"text":134346,"children":135882},[135883,135884,135885,135887],{"id":134354,"depth":109,"text":134355},{"id":134437,"depth":109,"text":134438},{"id":134591,"depth":109,"text":135886},"None values do not work directly",{"id":134763,"depth":109,"text":135888},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":134850,"depth":88,"text":135890,"children":135891},"Common errors with join()",[135892,135894,135896,135897],{"id":134859,"depth":109,"text":135893},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":134996,"depth":109,"text":135895},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135140,"depth":109,"text":135141},{"id":135215,"depth":109,"text":135898},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135330,"depth":88,"text":135900,"children":135901},"join() vs concatenation with +",[135902,135904],{"id":135345,"depth":109,"text":135903},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135427,"depth":109,"text":135905},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135551,"depth":88,"text":135552},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":135908},[135909,135911,135913,135915,135917],{"id":135765,"depth":109,"text":135910},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":135780,"depth":109,"text":135912},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":135788,"depth":109,"text":135914},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":135798,"depth":109,"text":135916},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":135807,"depth":109,"text":135918},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133144,"description":135920},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":135927,"title":135928,"body":135929,"description":137497,"extension":1853,"meta":137498,"navigation":112,"path":137499,"seo":137500,"stem":137501,"__hash__":137502},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":135930,"toc":137464},[135931,135936,135941,135943,135957,136002,136009,136014,136019,136021,136037,136046,136048,136050,136065,136067,136077,136079,136141,136143,136146,136207,136209,136225,136227,136240,136243,136290,136292,136298,136301,136304,136364,136372,136458,136462,136467,136469,136483,136486,136571,136574,136632,136643,136698,136700,136707,136713,136719,136763,136766,136813,136815,136817,136824,136826,136857,136860,136862,136893,136897,136900,136902,136942,136944,136987,136993,136998,137000,137027,137032,137035,137084,137088,137091,137166,137177,137180,137237,137244,137250,137258,137263,137270,137277,137295,137297,137351,137359,137361,137366,137369,137375,137381,137386,137389,137395,137401,137408,137416,137418,137461],[10,135932,123070,135934,18],{"id":135933},"python-string-lower-method",[15,135935,123800],{},[20,135937,123075,135938,135940],{},[15,135939,123800],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,135942,23957],{},[194,135944,135945,135948,135951,135954],{},[197,135946,135947],{},"convert text to lowercase",[197,135949,135950],{},"compare text without case differences",[197,135952,135953],{},"clean up user input",[197,135955,135956],{},"make simple text matching easier",[44,135958,135960],{"className":46,"code":135959,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,135961,135962,135975,135989],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,135963,135964,135966,135968,135970,135973],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,135965,34561],{"class":59},[53,135967,31],{"class":63},[53,135969,240],{"class":228},[53,135971,135972],{"class":232},"Hello WORLD",[53,135974,1682],{"class":228},[53,135976,135977,135979,135981,135983,135985,135987],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,135978,2117],{"class":59},[53,135980,31],{"class":63},[53,135982,42713],{"class":59},[53,135984,99],{"class":66},[53,135986,8527],{"class":102},[53,135988,106],{"class":66},[53,135990,135991,135993,135995,135997,135999],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,135992,145],{"class":144},[53,135994,127],{"class":66},[53,135996,2152],{"class":102},[53,135998,153],{"class":66},[53,136000,136001],{"class":156},"  # hello world\n",[20,136003,136004,88678,136006,136008],{},[34,136005,83536],{},[15,136007,123800],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[39,136010,184,136012,187],{"id":136011},"what-lower-does",[15,136013,123800],{},[20,136015,136016,136018],{},[15,136017,123800],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,136020,12936],{},[194,136022,136023,136028,136031,136034],{},[197,136024,136025,136027],{},[15,136026,123800],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[197,136029,136030],{},"It works on string objects",[197,136032,136033],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[197,136035,136036],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,136038,124822,136039,136043,136044,99],{},[758,136040,136042],{"href":136041},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[758,136045,50849],{"href":50848},[39,136047,372],{"id":371},[20,136049,375],{},[44,136051,136053],{"className":46,"code":136052,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"string.lower()\n",[15,136054,136055],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136056,136057,136059,136061,136063],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136058,60888],{"class":59},[53,136060,99],{"class":66},[53,136062,8527],{"class":102},[53,136064,106],{"class":66},[20,136066,43522],{},[194,136068,136069,136071,136074],{},[197,136070,97243],{},[197,136072,136073],{},"You call it directly on a string",[197,136075,136076],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,136078,211],{},[44,136080,136082],{"className":46,"code":136081,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,136083,136084,136107,136111,136124],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136085,136086,136088,136090,136092,136095,136097,136099,136101,136104],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136087,145],{"class":144},[53,136089,127],{"class":66},[53,136091,229],{"class":228},[53,136093,136094],{"class":232},"HELLO",[53,136096,229],{"class":228},[53,136098,99],{"class":66},[53,136100,8527],{"class":102},[53,136102,136103],{"class":66},"())",[53,136105,136106],{"class":156},"  # hello\n",[53,136108,136109],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,136110,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,136112,136113,136115,136117,136119,136122],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,136114,1672],{"class":59},[53,136116,31],{"class":63},[53,136118,240],{"class":228},[53,136120,136121],{"class":232},"PyThOn",[53,136123,1682],{"class":228},[53,136125,136126,136128,136130,136132,136134,136136,136138],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,136127,145],{"class":144},[53,136129,127],{"class":66},[53,136131,1710],{"class":102},[53,136133,99],{"class":66},[53,136135,8527],{"class":102},[53,136137,136103],{"class":66},[53,136139,136140],{"class":156},"  # python\n",[39,136142,11364],{"id":11363},[20,136144,136145],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[44,136147,136149],{"className":46,"code":136148,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,136150,136151,136163,136167,136182,136186,136197],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136152,136153,136155,136157,136159,136161],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136154,34561],{"class":59},[53,136156,31],{"class":63},[53,136158,240],{"class":228},[53,136160,135972],{"class":232},[53,136162,1682],{"class":228},[53,136164,136165],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,136166,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,136168,136169,136172,136174,136176,136178,136180],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,136170,136171],{"class":59},"lower_text ",[53,136173,31],{"class":63},[53,136175,42713],{"class":59},[53,136177,99],{"class":66},[53,136179,8527],{"class":102},[53,136181,106],{"class":66},[53,136183,136184],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,136185,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,136187,136188,136190,136192,136195],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,136189,145],{"class":144},[53,136191,127],{"class":66},[53,136193,136194],{"class":102},"lower_text",[53,136196,133],{"class":66},[53,136198,136199,136201,136203,136205],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,136200,145],{"class":144},[53,136202,127],{"class":66},[53,136204,34582],{"class":102},[53,136206,133],{"class":66},[20,136208,301],{},[44,136210,136212],{"className":46,"code":136211,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,136213,136214,136218],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136215,136216],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136217,134086],{"class":59},[53,136219,136220,136222],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,136221,131486],{"class":59},[53,136223,136224],{"class":34326},"WORLD\n",[20,136226,24477],{},[194,136228,136229,136234],{},[197,136230,136231,136233],{},[15,136232,123800],{}," returns the lowercase result",[197,136235,136236,136237,136239],{},"the original ",[15,136238,34582],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,136241,136242],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[44,136244,136246],{"className":46,"code":136245,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,136247,136248,136260,136274,136278],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136249,136250,136252,136254,136256,136258],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136251,34561],{"class":59},[53,136253,31],{"class":63},[53,136255,240],{"class":228},[53,136257,135972],{"class":232},[53,136259,1682],{"class":228},[53,136261,136262,136264,136266,136268,136270,136272],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,136263,34561],{"class":59},[53,136265,31],{"class":63},[53,136267,42713],{"class":59},[53,136269,99],{"class":66},[53,136271,8527],{"class":102},[53,136273,106],{"class":66},[53,136275,136276],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,136277,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,136279,136280,136282,136284,136286,136288],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,136281,145],{"class":144},[53,136283,127],{"class":66},[53,136285,34582],{"class":102},[53,136287,153],{"class":66},[53,136289,136001],{"class":156},[39,136291,998],{"id":997},[20,136293,136294,21844,136296,99],{},[15,136295,123800],{},[34,136297,60888],{},[20,136299,136300],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,136302,136303],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[44,136305,136307],{"className":46,"code":136306,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,136308,136309,136323,136327,136350],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136310,136311,136314,136316,136318,136321],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136312,136313],{"class":59},"answer ",[53,136315,31],{"class":63},[53,136317,240],{"class":228},[53,136319,136320],{"class":232},"YES",[53,136322,1682],{"class":228},[53,136324,136325],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,136326,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,136328,136329,136331,136334,136336,136338,136340,136342,136344,136346,136348],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,136330,6884],{"class":3764},[53,136332,136333],{"class":59}," answer",[53,136335,99],{"class":66},[53,136337,8527],{"class":102},[53,136339,7253],{"class":66},[53,136341,6295],{"class":63},[53,136343,240],{"class":228},[53,136345,8544],{"class":232},[53,136347,229],{"class":228},[53,136349,6280],{"class":66},[53,136351,136352,136354,136356,136358,136360,136362],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,136353,7954],{"class":144},[53,136355,127],{"class":66},[53,136357,229],{"class":228},[53,136359,96552],{"class":232},[53,136361,229],{"class":228},[53,136363,133],{"class":66},[20,136365,136366,136367,192],{},"This is especially useful with ",[758,136368,136369,136370,2191],{"href":8105},"the ",[15,136371,2845],{},[44,136373,136375],{"className":46,"code":136374,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,136376,136377,136396,136400,136422,136437,136443],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136378,136379,136381,136383,136385,136387,136389,136392,136394],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136380,136313],{"class":59},[53,136382,31],{"class":63},[53,136384,8128],{"class":144},[53,136386,127],{"class":66},[53,136388,229],{"class":228},[53,136390,136391],{"class":232},"Type yes or no: ",[53,136393,229],{"class":228},[53,136395,133],{"class":66},[53,136397,136398],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,136399,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,136401,136402,136404,136406,136408,136410,136412,136414,136416,136418,136420],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,136403,6884],{"class":3764},[53,136405,136333],{"class":59},[53,136407,99],{"class":66},[53,136409,8527],{"class":102},[53,136411,7253],{"class":66},[53,136413,6295],{"class":63},[53,136415,240],{"class":228},[53,136417,8544],{"class":232},[53,136419,229],{"class":228},[53,136421,6280],{"class":66},[53,136423,136424,136426,136428,136430,136433,136435],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,136425,7954],{"class":144},[53,136427,127],{"class":66},[53,136429,229],{"class":228},[53,136431,136432],{"class":232},"You typed yes",[53,136434,229],{"class":228},[53,136436,133],{"class":66},[53,136438,136439,136441],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,136440,27304],{"class":3764},[53,136442,6280],{"class":66},[53,136444,136445,136447,136449,136451,136454,136456],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,136446,7954],{"class":144},[53,136448,127],{"class":66},[53,136450,229],{"class":228},[53,136452,136453],{"class":232},"You typed something else",[53,136455,229],{"class":228},[53,136457,133],{"class":66},[39,136459,136461],{"id":136460},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,136463,136464,136466],{},[15,136465,123800],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,136468,7230],{},[194,136470,136471,136474,136477,136480],{},[197,136472,136473],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[197,136475,136476],{},"Make text matching easier",[197,136478,136479],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[197,136481,136482],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,136484,136485],{},"Example: checking user input",[44,136487,136489],{"className":46,"code":136488,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,136490,136491,136509,136513,136535,136550,136556],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136492,136493,136495,136497,136499,136501,136503,136505,136507],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136494,44830],{"class":59},[53,136496,31],{"class":63},[53,136498,8128],{"class":144},[53,136500,127],{"class":66},[53,136502,229],{"class":228},[53,136504,44841],{"class":232},[53,136506,229],{"class":228},[53,136508,133],{"class":66},[53,136510,136511],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,136512,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,136514,136515,136517,136519,136521,136523,136525,136527,136529,136531,136533],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,136516,6884],{"class":3764},[53,136518,35726],{"class":59},[53,136520,99],{"class":66},[53,136522,8527],{"class":102},[53,136524,7253],{"class":66},[53,136526,6295],{"class":63},[53,136528,240],{"class":228},[53,136530,1043],{"class":232},[53,136532,229],{"class":228},[53,136534,6280],{"class":66},[53,136536,136537,136539,136541,136543,136546,136548],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,136538,7954],{"class":144},[53,136540,127],{"class":66},[53,136542,229],{"class":228},[53,136544,136545],{"class":232},"Nice choice!",[53,136547,229],{"class":228},[53,136549,133],{"class":66},[53,136551,136552,136554],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,136553,27304],{"class":3764},[53,136555,6280],{"class":66},[53,136557,136558,136560,136562,136564,136567,136569],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,136559,7954],{"class":144},[53,136561,127],{"class":66},[53,136563,229],{"class":228},[53,136565,136566],{"class":232},"Got it.",[53,136568,229],{"class":228},[53,136570,133],{"class":66},[20,136572,136573],{},"Example: simple search",[44,136575,136577],{"className":46,"code":136576,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,136578,136579,136592,136596,136617],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136580,136581,136583,136585,136587,136590],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136582,89722],{"class":59},[53,136584,31],{"class":63},[53,136586,240],{"class":228},[53,136588,136589],{"class":232},"Python Is Fun",[53,136591,1682],{"class":228},[53,136593,136594],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,136595,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,136597,136598,136600,136602,136604,136606,136608,136611,136613,136615],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,136599,6884],{"class":3764},[53,136601,240],{"class":228},[53,136603,48],{"class":232},[53,136605,229],{"class":228},[53,136607,21042],{"class":63},[53,136609,136610],{"class":59}," message",[53,136612,99],{"class":66},[53,136614,8527],{"class":102},[53,136616,21464],{"class":66},[53,136618,136619,136621,136623,136625,136628,136630],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,136620,7954],{"class":144},[53,136622,127],{"class":66},[53,136624,229],{"class":228},[53,136626,136627],{"class":232},"Found it",[53,136629,229],{"class":228},[53,136631,133],{"class":66},[20,136633,136634,136635,136637,136638,192],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,136636,123800],{}," is often used with ",[758,136639,136641],{"href":136640},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,136642,41525],{},[44,136644,136646],{"className":46,"code":136645,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,136647,136648,136661,136680,136684],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136649,136650,136652,136654,136656,136659],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136651,1672],{"class":59},[53,136653,31],{"class":63},[53,136655,240],{"class":228},[53,136657,136658],{"class":232},"  ALICE  ",[53,136660,1682],{"class":228},[53,136662,136663,136666,136668,136670,136672,136674,136676,136678],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,136664,136665],{"class":59},"clean_name ",[53,136667,31],{"class":63},[53,136669,35867],{"class":59},[53,136671,99],{"class":66},[53,136673,8521],{"class":102},[53,136675,8524],{"class":66},[53,136677,8527],{"class":102},[53,136679,106],{"class":66},[53,136681,136682],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,136683,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,136685,136686,136688,136690,136693,136695],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,136687,145],{"class":144},[53,136689,127],{"class":66},[53,136691,136692],{"class":102},"clean_name",[53,136694,153],{"class":66},[53,136696,136697],{"class":156},"  # alice\n",[39,136699,15467],{"id":15466},[20,136701,136702,136703,136706],{},"Strings are ",[34,136704,136705],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,136708,136709,136710,136712],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,136711,123800],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,136714,136715,136716,136718],{},"So this does ",[34,136717,36],{}," update the original variable:",[44,136720,136722],{"className":46,"code":136721,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,136723,136724,136736,136746,136750],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136725,136726,136728,136730,136732,136734],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136727,34561],{"class":59},[53,136729,31],{"class":63},[53,136731,240],{"class":228},[53,136733,136094],{"class":232},[53,136735,1682],{"class":228},[53,136737,136738,136740,136742,136744],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,136739,34582],{"class":59},[53,136741,99],{"class":66},[53,136743,8527],{"class":102},[53,136745,106],{"class":66},[53,136747,136748],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,136749,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,136751,136752,136754,136756,136758,136760],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,136753,145],{"class":144},[53,136755,127],{"class":66},[53,136757,34582],{"class":102},[53,136759,153],{"class":66},[53,136761,136762],{"class":156},"  # HELLO\n",[20,136764,136765],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[44,136767,136769],{"className":46,"code":136768,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136770,136771,136783,136797,136801],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136772,136773,136775,136777,136779,136781],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136774,34561],{"class":59},[53,136776,31],{"class":63},[53,136778,240],{"class":228},[53,136780,136094],{"class":232},[53,136782,1682],{"class":228},[53,136784,136785,136787,136789,136791,136793,136795],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,136786,34561],{"class":59},[53,136788,31],{"class":63},[53,136790,42713],{"class":59},[53,136792,99],{"class":66},[53,136794,8527],{"class":102},[53,136796,106],{"class":66},[53,136798,136799],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,136800,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,136802,136803,136805,136807,136809,136811],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,136804,145],{"class":144},[53,136806,127],{"class":66},[53,136808,34582],{"class":102},[53,136810,153],{"class":66},[53,136812,136106],{"class":156},[39,136814,2716],{"id":2715},[1327,136816,25557],{"id":25556},[20,136818,136819,136820,10980,136822,99],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,136821,8527],{},[15,136823,123800],{},[20,136825,16514],{},[44,136827,136829],{"className":46,"code":136828,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,136830,136831,136843],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136832,136833,136835,136837,136839,136841],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136834,34561],{"class":59},[53,136836,31],{"class":63},[53,136838,240],{"class":228},[53,136840,136094],{"class":232},[53,136842,1682],{"class":228},[53,136844,136845,136847,136849,136851,136853,136855],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,136846,145],{"class":144},[53,136848,127],{"class":66},[53,136850,34582],{"class":102},[53,136852,99],{"class":66},[53,136854,8527],{"class":24620},[53,136856,133],{"class":66},[20,136858,136859],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,136861,1015],{},[44,136863,136865],{"className":46,"code":136864,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,136866,136867,136879],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136868,136869,136871,136873,136875,136877],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136870,34561],{"class":59},[53,136872,31],{"class":63},[53,136874,240],{"class":228},[53,136876,136094],{"class":232},[53,136878,1682],{"class":228},[53,136880,136881,136883,136885,136887,136889,136891],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,136882,145],{"class":144},[53,136884,127],{"class":66},[53,136886,34582],{"class":102},[53,136888,99],{"class":66},[53,136890,8527],{"class":102},[53,136892,7081],{"class":66},[1327,136894,136896],{"id":136895},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,136898,136899],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,136901,16514],{},[44,136903,136905],{"className":46,"code":136904,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,136906,136907,136919,136929],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136908,136909,136911,136913,136915,136917],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136910,34561],{"class":59},[53,136912,31],{"class":63},[53,136914,240],{"class":228},[53,136916,136094],{"class":232},[53,136918,1682],{"class":228},[53,136920,136921,136923,136925,136927],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,136922,34582],{"class":59},[53,136924,99],{"class":66},[53,136926,8527],{"class":102},[53,136928,106],{"class":66},[53,136930,136931,136933,136935,136937,136939],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,136932,145],{"class":144},[53,136934,127],{"class":66},[53,136936,34582],{"class":102},[53,136938,153],{"class":66},[53,136940,136941],{"class":156},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,136943,1015],{},[44,136945,136947],{"className":46,"code":136946,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136948,136949,136961,136975],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136950,136951,136953,136955,136957,136959],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136952,34561],{"class":59},[53,136954,31],{"class":63},[53,136956,240],{"class":228},[53,136958,136094],{"class":232},[53,136960,1682],{"class":228},[53,136962,136963,136965,136967,136969,136971,136973],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,136964,34561],{"class":59},[53,136966,31],{"class":63},[53,136968,42713],{"class":59},[53,136970,99],{"class":66},[53,136972,8527],{"class":102},[53,136974,106],{"class":66},[53,136976,136977,136979,136981,136983,136985],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,136978,145],{"class":144},[53,136980,127],{"class":66},[53,136982,34582],{"class":102},[53,136984,153],{"class":66},[53,136986,136106],{"class":156},[1327,136988,485,136990,136992],{"id":136989},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,136991,123800],{}," on a non-string value",[20,136994,136995,136997],{},[15,136996,123800],{}," only works on strings.",[20,136999,16514],{},[44,137001,137003],{"className":46,"code":137002,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,137004,137005,137013],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137006,137007,137009,137011],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137008,2104],{"class":59},[53,137010,31],{"class":63},[53,137012,124752],{"class":70},[53,137014,137015,137017,137019,137021,137023,137025],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,137016,145],{"class":144},[53,137018,127],{"class":66},[53,137020,2127],{"class":102},[53,137022,99],{"class":66},[53,137024,8527],{"class":102},[53,137026,7081],{"class":66},[20,137028,137029,137030,33473],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,137031,123800],{},[20,137033,137034],{},"You can check the type first:",[44,137036,137038],{"className":46,"code":137037,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137039,137040,137052,137056,137070],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137041,137042,137044,137046,137048,137050],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137043,34561],{"class":59},[53,137045,31],{"class":63},[53,137047,240],{"class":228},[53,137049,136094],{"class":232},[53,137051,1682],{"class":228},[53,137053,137054],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,137055,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,137057,137058,137060,137062,137064,137066,137068],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,137059,145],{"class":144},[53,137061,127],{"class":66},[53,137063,1705],{"class":1704},[53,137065,127],{"class":66},[53,137067,34582],{"class":102},[53,137069,1713],{"class":66},[53,137071,137072,137074,137076,137078,137080,137082],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,137073,145],{"class":144},[53,137075,127],{"class":66},[53,137077,34582],{"class":102},[53,137079,99],{"class":66},[53,137081,8527],{"class":102},[53,137083,7081],{"class":66},[1327,137085,137087],{"id":137086},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,137089,137090],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[44,137092,137094],{"className":46,"code":137093,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,137095,137096,137109,137113,137130,137145,137151],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137097,137098,137100,137102,137104,137107],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137099,136313],{"class":59},[53,137101,31],{"class":63},[53,137103,240],{"class":228},[53,137105,137106],{"class":232},"Yes",[53,137108,1682],{"class":228},[53,137110,137111],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,137112,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,137114,137115,137117,137120,137122,137124,137126,137128],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,137116,6884],{"class":3764},[53,137118,137119],{"class":59}," answer ",[53,137121,4574],{"class":63},[53,137123,240],{"class":228},[53,137125,8544],{"class":232},[53,137127,229],{"class":228},[53,137129,6280],{"class":66},[53,137131,137132,137134,137136,137138,137141,137143],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,137133,7954],{"class":144},[53,137135,127],{"class":66},[53,137137,229],{"class":228},[53,137139,137140],{"class":232},"Match",[53,137142,229],{"class":228},[53,137144,133],{"class":66},[53,137146,137147,137149],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,137148,27304],{"class":3764},[53,137150,6280],{"class":66},[53,137152,137153,137155,137157,137159,137162,137164],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,137154,7954],{"class":144},[53,137156,127],{"class":66},[53,137158,229],{"class":228},[53,137160,137161],{"class":232},"No match",[53,137163,229],{"class":228},[53,137165,133],{"class":66},[20,137167,28932,137168,960,137171,137174,137175,99],{},[15,137169,137170],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,137172,137173],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,137176,137161],{},[20,137178,137179],{},"Better:",[44,137181,137183],{"className":46,"code":137182,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,137184,137185,137197,137201,137223],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137186,137187,137189,137191,137193,137195],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137188,136313],{"class":59},[53,137190,31],{"class":63},[53,137192,240],{"class":228},[53,137194,137106],{"class":232},[53,137196,1682],{"class":228},[53,137198,137199],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,137200,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,137202,137203,137205,137207,137209,137211,137213,137215,137217,137219,137221],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,137204,6884],{"class":3764},[53,137206,136333],{"class":59},[53,137208,99],{"class":66},[53,137210,8527],{"class":102},[53,137212,7253],{"class":66},[53,137214,6295],{"class":63},[53,137216,240],{"class":228},[53,137218,8544],{"class":232},[53,137220,229],{"class":228},[53,137222,6280],{"class":66},[53,137224,137225,137227,137229,137231,137233,137235],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,137226,7954],{"class":144},[53,137228,127],{"class":66},[53,137230,229],{"class":228},[53,137232,137140],{"class":232},[53,137234,229],{"class":228},[53,137236,133],{"class":66},[1327,137238,44084,137240,137243],{"id":137239},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,137241,137242],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,137245,137246,137247,137249],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,137248,123800],{}," is enough.",[20,137251,137252,137253,137255,137256,99],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,137254,137242],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,137257,123800],{},[20,137259,137260,137261,122312],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,137262,123800],{},[39,137264,137266,10474,137268],{"id":137265},"lower-vs-upper",[15,137267,123800],{},[15,137269,127948],{},[20,137271,137272,960,137274,137276],{},[15,137273,123800],{},[15,137275,127948],{}," are very similar.",[194,137278,137279,137284,137289,137292],{},[197,137280,137281,137283],{},[15,137282,123800],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[197,137285,137286,137288],{},[15,137287,127948],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[197,137290,137291],{},"Both return new strings",[197,137293,137294],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,137296,211],{},[44,137298,137300],{"className":46,"code":137299,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,137301,137302,137314,137318,137334],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137303,137304,137306,137308,137310,137312],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137305,34561],{"class":59},[53,137307,31],{"class":63},[53,137309,240],{"class":228},[53,137311,128789],{"class":232},[53,137313,1682],{"class":228},[53,137315,137316],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,137317,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,137319,137320,137322,137324,137326,137328,137330,137332],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,137321,145],{"class":144},[53,137323,127],{"class":66},[53,137325,34582],{"class":102},[53,137327,99],{"class":66},[53,137329,8527],{"class":102},[53,137331,136103],{"class":66},[53,137333,136001],{"class":156},[53,137335,137336,137338,137340,137342,137344,137346,137348],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,137337,145],{"class":144},[53,137339,127],{"class":66},[53,137341,34582],{"class":102},[53,137343,99],{"class":66},[53,137345,34351],{"class":102},[53,137347,136103],{"class":66},[53,137349,137350],{"class":156},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,137352,137353,137354,99],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[758,137355,126070,137357,1316],{"href":137356},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,137358,127948],{},[39,137360,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,137362,1729,137364,124397],{"id":137363},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,137365,123800],{},[20,137367,137368],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[1327,137370,1729,137372,137374],{"id":137371},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,137373,123800],{}," take any arguments?",[20,137376,137377,137378,99],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,137379,137380],{},"string.lower()",[1327,137382,5025,137384,12603],{"id":137383},"what-does-lower-return",[15,137385,123800],{},[20,137387,137388],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[1327,137390,28199,137392,137394],{"id":137391},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,137393,123800],{}," on user input?",[20,137396,137397,137398,137400],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,137399,2845],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[1327,137402,1739,137404,960,137406,1744],{"id":137403},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,137405,123800],{},[15,137407,137242],{},[20,137409,137410,137412,137413,137415],{},[15,137411,123800],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,137414,137242],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[39,137417,1788],{"id":1787},[194,137419,137420,137424,137430,137436,137442,137446,137450,137456],{},[197,137421,137422],{},[758,137423,50849],{"href":50848},[197,137425,137426],{},[758,137427,126070,137428,1316],{"href":137356},[15,137429,127948],{},[197,137431,137432],{},[758,137433,126070,137434,1316],{"href":136640},[15,137435,41525],{},[197,137437,137438],{},[758,137439,126070,137440,1316],{"href":129651},[15,137441,124241],{},[197,137443,137444],{},[758,137445,124469],{"href":123325},[197,137447,137448],{},[758,137449,90398],{"href":89407},[197,137451,137452],{},[758,137453,3463,137454,3396],{"href":8105},[15,137455,2845],{},[197,137457,137458],{},[758,137459,137460],{"href":136041},"What is a string in Python?",[1817,137462,137463],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":137465},[137466,137468,137469,137470,137471,137472,137473,137482,137484,137496],{"id":136011,"depth":88,"text":137467},"What lower() does",{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372},{"id":11363,"depth":88,"text":11364},{"id":997,"depth":88,"text":998},{"id":136460,"depth":88,"text":136461},{"id":15466,"depth":88,"text":15467},{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716,"children":137474},[137475,137476,137477,137479,137480],{"id":25556,"depth":109,"text":25557},{"id":136895,"depth":109,"text":136896},{"id":136989,"depth":109,"text":137478},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137086,"depth":109,"text":137087},{"id":137239,"depth":109,"text":137481},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137265,"depth":88,"text":137483},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":137485},[137486,137488,137490,137492,137494],{"id":137363,"depth":109,"text":137487},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137371,"depth":109,"text":137489},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137383,"depth":109,"text":137491},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137391,"depth":109,"text":137493},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137403,"depth":109,"text":137495},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":135928,"description":137497},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137504,"title":137505,"body":137506,"description":139056,"extension":1853,"meta":139057,"navigation":112,"path":139058,"seo":139059,"stem":139060,"__hash__":139061},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137507,"toc":139017},[137508,137513,137518,137524,137539,137541,137601,137603,137612,137618,137623,137628,137630,137644,137648,137650,137697,137699,137717,137719,137722,137793,137795,137809,137812,137824,137833,137837,137842,137847,137851,137917,137919,137928,137932,137997,137999,138008,138011,138016,138020,138025,138029,138090,138092,138101,138105,138108,138164,138166,138175,138178,138191,138193,138197,138204,138266,138268,138281,138287,138290,138297,138302,138307,138310,138318,138320,138381,138383,138392,138395,138442,138445,138492,138494,138499,138516,138523,138528,138581,138583,138591,138593,138650,138652,138660,138664,138711,138713,138721,138729,138733,138781,138783,138792,138797,138848,138850,138859,138866,138869,138890,138892,138897,138900,138904,138907,138911,138914,138941,138947,138950,138977,138982,138984,138986,139014],[10,137509,123070,137511,18],{"id":137510},"python-string-replace-method",[15,137512,124241],{},[20,137514,123075,137515,137517],{},[15,137516,124241],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,137519,137520,137521,137523],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,137522,124241],{},". You will learn:",[194,137525,137526,137530,137533,137536],{},[197,137527,25889,137528,187],{},[15,137529,124241],{},[197,137531,137532],{},"how its syntax works",[197,137534,137535],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[197,137537,137538],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[39,137540,42],{"id":41},[44,137542,137544],{"className":46,"code":137543,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137545,137546,137559,137591],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137547,137548,137550,137552,137554,137557],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137549,34561],{"class":59},[53,137551,31],{"class":63},[53,137553,240],{"class":228},[53,137555,137556],{"class":232},"I like cats",[53,137558,1682],{"class":228},[53,137560,137561,137563,137565,137567,137569,137571,137573,137575,137578,137580,137582,137584,137587,137589],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,137562,129909],{"class":59},[53,137564,31],{"class":63},[53,137566,42713],{"class":59},[53,137568,99],{"class":66},[53,137570,34873],{"class":102},[53,137572,127],{"class":66},[53,137574,229],{"class":228},[53,137576,137577],{"class":232},"cats",[53,137579,229],{"class":228},[53,137581,74],{"class":66},[53,137583,240],{"class":228},[53,137585,137586],{"class":232},"dogs",[53,137588,229],{"class":228},[53,137590,133],{"class":66},[53,137592,137593,137595,137597,137599],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,137594,145],{"class":144},[53,137596,127],{"class":66},[53,137598,129940],{"class":102},[53,137600,133],{"class":66},[20,137602,301],{},[44,137604,137606],{"className":46,"code":137605,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"I like dogs\n",[15,137607,137608],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137609,137610],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137611,137605],{"class":59},[20,137613,174,137614,137617],{},[15,137615,137616],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[39,137619,184,137621,187],{"id":137620},"what-replace-does",[15,137622,124241],{},[20,137624,137625,137627],{},[15,137626,124241],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,137629,12936],{},[194,137631,137632,137634,137636,137639],{},[197,137633,133318],{},[197,137635,136036],{},[197,137637,137638],{},"It works on exact matches",[197,137640,137641,137642],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,137643,41131],{},[20,137645,124822,137646,99],{},[758,137647,124825],{"href":50848},[39,137649,5315],{"id":5314},[44,137651,137653],{"className":46,"code":137652,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,137654,137655,137675],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137656,137657,137659,137661,137663,137665,137668,137670,137673],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137658,60888],{"class":59},[53,137660,99],{"class":66},[53,137662,34873],{"class":102},[53,137664,127],{"class":66},[53,137666,137667],{"class":102},"old",[53,137669,74],{"class":66},[53,137671,137672],{"class":102}," new",[53,137674,133],{"class":66},[53,137676,137677,137679,137681,137683,137685,137687,137689,137691,137693,137695],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,137678,60888],{"class":59},[53,137680,99],{"class":66},[53,137682,34873],{"class":102},[53,137684,127],{"class":66},[53,137686,137667],{"class":102},[53,137688,74],{"class":66},[53,137690,137672],{"class":102},[53,137692,74],{"class":66},[53,137694,49475],{"class":102},[53,137696,133],{"class":66},[1327,137698,17265],{"id":17264},[194,137700,137701,137706,137712],{},[197,137702,137703,137705],{},[15,137704,137667],{}," = the text to find",[197,137707,137708,137711],{},[15,137709,137710],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[197,137713,137714,137716],{},[15,137715,41131],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[39,137718,5672],{"id":5671},[20,137720,137721],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[44,137723,137725],{"className":46,"code":137724,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137726,137727,137739,137769,137773,137783],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137728,137729,137731,137733,137735,137737],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137730,34561],{"class":59},[53,137732,31],{"class":63},[53,137734,240],{"class":228},[53,137736,137556],{"class":232},[53,137738,1682],{"class":228},[53,137740,137741,137743,137745,137747,137749,137751,137753,137755,137757,137759,137761,137763,137765,137767],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,137742,129909],{"class":59},[53,137744,31],{"class":63},[53,137746,42713],{"class":59},[53,137748,99],{"class":66},[53,137750,34873],{"class":102},[53,137752,127],{"class":66},[53,137754,229],{"class":228},[53,137756,137577],{"class":232},[53,137758,229],{"class":228},[53,137760,74],{"class":66},[53,137762,240],{"class":228},[53,137764,137586],{"class":232},[53,137766,229],{"class":228},[53,137768,133],{"class":66},[53,137770,137771],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,137772,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,137774,137775,137777,137779,137781],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,137776,145],{"class":144},[53,137778,127],{"class":66},[53,137780,34582],{"class":102},[53,137782,133],{"class":66},[53,137784,137785,137787,137789,137791],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,137786,145],{"class":144},[53,137788,127],{"class":66},[53,137790,129940],{"class":102},[53,137792,133],{"class":66},[20,137794,301],{},[44,137796,137798],{"className":46,"code":137797,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,137799,137800,137805],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137801,137802],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137803,137804],{"class":59},"I like cats\n",[53,137806,137807],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,137808,137605],{"class":59},[20,137810,137811],{},"Notice what happened:",[194,137813,137814,137819],{},[197,137815,137816,137818],{},[15,137817,34582],{}," did not change",[197,137820,137821,137823],{},[15,137822,129940],{}," contains the updated value",[20,137825,137826,137827,137829,137830,137832],{},"This happens because strings are ",[34,137828,136705],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,137831,124241],{}," return a new string instead.",[39,137834,137836],{"id":137835},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,137838,89416,137839,137841],{},[15,137840,124241],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,137843,137844,137845,36495],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,137846,41131],{},[1327,137848,137850],{"id":137849},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[44,137852,137854],{"className":46,"code":137853,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137855,137856,137869,137903,137907],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137857,137858,137860,137862,137864,137867],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137859,34561],{"class":59},[53,137861,31],{"class":63},[53,137863,240],{"class":228},[53,137865,137866],{"class":232},"cat cat cat",[53,137868,1682],{"class":228},[53,137870,137871,137873,137875,137877,137879,137881,137883,137885,137887,137889,137891,137893,137895,137897,137899,137901],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,137872,2117],{"class":59},[53,137874,31],{"class":63},[53,137876,42713],{"class":59},[53,137878,99],{"class":66},[53,137880,34873],{"class":102},[53,137882,127],{"class":66},[53,137884,229],{"class":228},[53,137886,36921],{"class":232},[53,137888,229],{"class":228},[53,137890,74],{"class":66},[53,137892,240],{"class":228},[53,137894,57840],{"class":232},[53,137896,229],{"class":228},[53,137898,74],{"class":66},[53,137900,5382],{"class":70},[53,137902,133],{"class":66},[53,137904,137905],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,137906,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,137908,137909,137911,137913,137915],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,137910,145],{"class":144},[53,137912,127],{"class":66},[53,137914,2152],{"class":102},[53,137916,133],{"class":66},[20,137918,301],{},[44,137920,137922],{"className":46,"code":137921,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dog cat cat\n",[15,137923,137924],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137925,137926],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137927,137921],{"class":59},[1327,137929,137931],{"id":137930},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[44,137933,137935],{"className":46,"code":137934,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137936,137937,137949,137983,137987],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137938,137939,137941,137943,137945,137947],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137940,34561],{"class":59},[53,137942,31],{"class":63},[53,137944,240],{"class":228},[53,137946,137866],{"class":232},[53,137948,1682],{"class":228},[53,137950,137951,137953,137955,137957,137959,137961,137963,137965,137967,137969,137971,137973,137975,137977,137979,137981],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,137952,2117],{"class":59},[53,137954,31],{"class":63},[53,137956,42713],{"class":59},[53,137958,99],{"class":66},[53,137960,34873],{"class":102},[53,137962,127],{"class":66},[53,137964,229],{"class":228},[53,137966,36921],{"class":232},[53,137968,229],{"class":228},[53,137970,74],{"class":66},[53,137972,240],{"class":228},[53,137974,57840],{"class":232},[53,137976,229],{"class":228},[53,137978,74],{"class":66},[53,137980,77],{"class":70},[53,137982,133],{"class":66},[53,137984,137985],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,137986,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,137988,137989,137991,137993,137995],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,137990,145],{"class":144},[53,137992,127],{"class":66},[53,137994,2152],{"class":102},[53,137996,133],{"class":66},[20,137998,301],{},[44,138000,138002],{"className":46,"code":138001,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dog dog cat\n",[15,138003,138004],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138005,138006],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138007,138001],{"class":59},[20,138009,138010],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,138012,138013,138014,99],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[758,138015,127794],{"href":124238},[39,138017,138019],{"id":138018},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,138021,138022,138024],{},[15,138023,124241],{}," can also change single characters.",[1327,138026,138028],{"id":138027},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[44,138030,138032],{"className":46,"code":138031,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138033,138034,138046,138076,138080],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138035,138036,138038,138040,138042,138044],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138037,34561],{"class":59},[53,138039,31],{"class":63},[53,138041,240],{"class":228},[53,138043,243],{"class":232},[53,138045,1682],{"class":228},[53,138047,138048,138050,138052,138054,138056,138058,138060,138062,138064,138066,138068,138070,138072,138074],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,138049,2117],{"class":59},[53,138051,31],{"class":63},[53,138053,42713],{"class":59},[53,138055,99],{"class":66},[53,138057,34873],{"class":102},[53,138059,127],{"class":66},[53,138061,229],{"class":228},[53,138063,758],{"class":232},[53,138065,229],{"class":228},[53,138067,74],{"class":66},[53,138069,240],{"class":228},[53,138071,60187],{"class":232},[53,138073,229],{"class":228},[53,138075,133],{"class":66},[53,138077,138078],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,138079,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,138081,138082,138084,138086,138088],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,138083,145],{"class":144},[53,138085,127],{"class":66},[53,138087,2152],{"class":102},[53,138089,133],{"class":66},[20,138091,301],{},[44,138093,138095],{"className":46,"code":138094,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"bonono\n",[15,138096,138097],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138098,138099],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138100,138094],{"class":59},[1327,138102,138104],{"id":138103},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,138106,138107],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[44,138109,138111],{"className":46,"code":138110,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138112,138113,138126,138150,138154],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138114,138115,138117,138119,138121,138124],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138116,34561],{"class":59},[53,138118,31],{"class":63},[53,138120,240],{"class":228},[53,138122,138123],{"class":232},"a b c",[53,138125,1682],{"class":228},[53,138127,138128,138130,138132,138134,138136,138138,138140,138142,138144,138146,138148],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,138129,2117],{"class":59},[53,138131,31],{"class":63},[53,138133,42713],{"class":59},[53,138135,99],{"class":66},[53,138137,34873],{"class":102},[53,138139,127],{"class":66},[53,138141,229],{"class":228},[53,138143,240],{"class":228},[53,138145,74],{"class":66},[53,138147,6012],{"class":228},[53,138149,133],{"class":66},[53,138151,138152],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,138153,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,138155,138156,138158,138160,138162],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,138157,145],{"class":144},[53,138159,127],{"class":66},[53,138161,2152],{"class":102},[53,138163,133],{"class":66},[20,138165,301],{},[44,138167,138169],{"className":46,"code":138168,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"abc\n",[15,138170,138171],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138172,138173],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138174,138168],{"class":59},[20,138176,138177],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,138179,138180,138181,138185,138186,138190],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[758,138182,126070,138183,1316],{"href":128757},[15,138184,60245],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[758,138187,126070,138188,1316],{"href":136640},[15,138189,41525],{}," is often a better choice.",[39,138192,123717],{"id":123716},[20,138194,138195,123528],{},[15,138196,124241],{},[20,138198,127115,138199,960,138201,127122],{},[15,138200,112754],{},[15,138202,138203],{},"\"Cat\"",[44,138205,138207],{"className":46,"code":138206,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138208,138209,138222,138252,138256],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138210,138211,138213,138215,138217,138220],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138212,34561],{"class":59},[53,138214,31],{"class":63},[53,138216,240],{"class":228},[53,138218,138219],{"class":232},"Cat cat CAT",[53,138221,1682],{"class":228},[53,138223,138224,138226,138228,138230,138232,138234,138236,138238,138240,138242,138244,138246,138248,138250],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,138225,2117],{"class":59},[53,138227,31],{"class":63},[53,138229,42713],{"class":59},[53,138231,99],{"class":66},[53,138233,34873],{"class":102},[53,138235,127],{"class":66},[53,138237,229],{"class":228},[53,138239,36921],{"class":232},[53,138241,229],{"class":228},[53,138243,74],{"class":66},[53,138245,240],{"class":228},[53,138247,57840],{"class":232},[53,138249,229],{"class":228},[53,138251,133],{"class":66},[53,138253,138254],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,138255,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,138257,138258,138260,138262,138264],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,138259,145],{"class":144},[53,138261,127],{"class":66},[53,138263,2152],{"class":102},[53,138265,133],{"class":66},[20,138267,301],{},[44,138269,138271],{"className":46,"code":138270,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,138272,138273],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138274,138275,138278],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138276,138277],{"class":59},"Cat dog ",[53,138279,138280],{"class":34326},"CAT\n",[20,138282,138283,138284,138286],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,138285,112754],{}," was replaced.",[20,138288,138289],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,138291,138292,138293,99],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[758,138294,126070,138295,1316],{"href":123797},[15,138296,123800],{},[39,138298,184,138300,11595],{"id":138299},"what-replace-returns",[15,138301,124241],{},[20,138303,138304,138306],{},[15,138305,124241],{}," returns a new string.",[20,138308,138309],{},"If no match is found:",[194,138311,138312,138315],{},[197,138313,138314],{},"no error happens",[197,138316,138317],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,138319,211],{},[44,138321,138323],{"className":46,"code":138322,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138324,138325,138337,138367,138371],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138326,138327,138329,138331,138333,138335],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138328,34561],{"class":59},[53,138330,31],{"class":63},[53,138332,240],{"class":228},[53,138334,3732],{"class":232},[53,138336,1682],{"class":228},[53,138338,138339,138341,138343,138345,138347,138349,138351,138353,138355,138357,138359,138361,138363,138365],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,138340,2117],{"class":59},[53,138342,31],{"class":63},[53,138344,42713],{"class":59},[53,138346,99],{"class":66},[53,138348,34873],{"class":102},[53,138350,127],{"class":66},[53,138352,229],{"class":228},[53,138354,2060],{"class":232},[53,138356,229],{"class":228},[53,138358,74],{"class":66},[53,138360,240],{"class":228},[53,138362,11635],{"class":232},[53,138364,229],{"class":228},[53,138366,133],{"class":66},[53,138368,138369],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,138370,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,138372,138373,138375,138377,138379],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,138374,145],{"class":144},[53,138376,127],{"class":66},[53,138378,2152],{"class":102},[53,138380,133],{"class":66},[20,138382,301],{},[44,138384,138386],{"className":46,"code":138385,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"hello\n",[15,138387,138388],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138389,138390],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138391,138385],{"class":59},[20,138393,138394],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[44,138396,138398],{"className":46,"code":138397,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138399,138400,138412],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138401,138402,138404,138406,138408,138410],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138403,34561],{"class":59},[53,138405,31],{"class":63},[53,138407,240],{"class":228},[53,138409,60120],{"class":232},[53,138411,1682],{"class":228},[53,138413,138414,138416,138418,138420,138422,138424,138426,138428,138430,138432,138434,138436,138438,138440],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,138415,129909],{"class":59},[53,138417,31],{"class":63},[53,138419,42713],{"class":59},[53,138421,99],{"class":66},[53,138423,34873],{"class":102},[53,138425,127],{"class":66},[53,138427,229],{"class":228},[53,138429,60305],{"class":232},[53,138431,229],{"class":228},[53,138433,74],{"class":66},[53,138435,240],{"class":228},[53,138437,7184],{"class":232},[53,138439,229],{"class":228},[53,138441,133],{"class":66},[20,138443,138444],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[44,138446,138448],{"className":46,"code":138447,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138449,138450,138462],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138451,138452,138454,138456,138458,138460],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138453,34561],{"class":59},[53,138455,31],{"class":63},[53,138457,240],{"class":228},[53,138459,60120],{"class":232},[53,138461,1682],{"class":228},[53,138463,138464,138466,138468,138470,138472,138474,138476,138478,138480,138482,138484,138486,138488,138490],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,138465,34561],{"class":59},[53,138467,31],{"class":63},[53,138469,42713],{"class":59},[53,138471,99],{"class":66},[53,138473,34873],{"class":102},[53,138475,127],{"class":66},[53,138477,229],{"class":228},[53,138479,60305],{"class":232},[53,138481,229],{"class":228},[53,138483,74],{"class":66},[53,138485,240],{"class":228},[53,138487,7184],{"class":232},[53,138489,229],{"class":228},[53,138491,133],{"class":66},[39,138493,1320],{"id":1319},[20,138495,138496,138497,192],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,138498,124241],{},[194,138500,138501,138504,138508,138511],{},[197,138502,138503],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[197,138505,8339,138506,131290],{},[15,138507,124241],{},[197,138509,138510],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[197,138512,37078,138513,138515],{},[15,138514,124241],{}," with regex-based replacements",[1327,138517,138519,138520,138522],{"id":138518},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,138521,124241],{}," without assigning the result",[20,138524,138525,138526,192],{},"This does not update ",[15,138527,34582],{},[44,138529,138531],{"className":46,"code":138530,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138532,138533,138545,138571],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138534,138535,138537,138539,138541,138543],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138536,34561],{"class":59},[53,138538,31],{"class":63},[53,138540,240],{"class":228},[53,138542,137556],{"class":232},[53,138544,1682],{"class":228},[53,138546,138547,138549,138551,138553,138555,138557,138559,138561,138563,138565,138567,138569],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,138548,34582],{"class":59},[53,138550,99],{"class":66},[53,138552,34873],{"class":102},[53,138554,127],{"class":66},[53,138556,229],{"class":228},[53,138558,137577],{"class":232},[53,138560,229],{"class":228},[53,138562,74],{"class":66},[53,138564,240],{"class":228},[53,138566,137586],{"class":232},[53,138568,229],{"class":228},[53,138570,133],{"class":66},[53,138572,138573,138575,138577,138579],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,138574,145],{"class":144},[53,138576,127],{"class":66},[53,138578,34582],{"class":102},[53,138580,133],{"class":66},[20,138582,301],{},[44,138584,138585],{"className":46,"code":137804,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,138586,138587],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138588,138589],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138590,137804],{"class":59},[20,138592,10695],{},[44,138594,138596],{"className":46,"code":138595,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138597,138598,138610,138640],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138599,138600,138602,138604,138606,138608],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138601,34561],{"class":59},[53,138603,31],{"class":63},[53,138605,240],{"class":228},[53,138607,137556],{"class":232},[53,138609,1682],{"class":228},[53,138611,138612,138614,138616,138618,138620,138622,138624,138626,138628,138630,138632,138634,138636,138638],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,138613,34561],{"class":59},[53,138615,31],{"class":63},[53,138617,42713],{"class":59},[53,138619,99],{"class":66},[53,138621,34873],{"class":102},[53,138623,127],{"class":66},[53,138625,229],{"class":228},[53,138627,137577],{"class":232},[53,138629,229],{"class":228},[53,138631,74],{"class":66},[53,138633,240],{"class":228},[53,138635,137586],{"class":232},[53,138637,229],{"class":228},[53,138639,133],{"class":66},[53,138641,138642,138644,138646,138648],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,138643,145],{"class":144},[53,138645,127],{"class":66},[53,138647,34582],{"class":102},[53,138649,133],{"class":66},[20,138651,301],{},[44,138653,138654],{"className":46,"code":137605,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,138655,138656],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138657,138658],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138659,137605],{"class":59},[1327,138661,138663],{"id":138662},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[44,138665,138667],{"className":46,"code":138666,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,138668,138669,138681],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138670,138671,138673,138675,138677,138679],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138672,34561],{"class":59},[53,138674,31],{"class":63},[53,138676,240],{"class":228},[53,138678,34741],{"class":232},[53,138680,1682],{"class":228},[53,138682,138683,138685,138687,138689,138691,138693,138695,138697,138699,138701,138703,138705,138707,138709],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,138684,145],{"class":144},[53,138686,127],{"class":66},[53,138688,34582],{"class":102},[53,138690,99],{"class":66},[53,138692,34873],{"class":102},[53,138694,127],{"class":66},[53,138696,229],{"class":228},[53,138698,3732],{"class":232},[53,138700,229],{"class":228},[53,138702,74],{"class":66},[53,138704,240],{"class":228},[53,138706,89651],{"class":232},[53,138708,229],{"class":228},[53,138710,1713],{"class":66},[20,138712,301],{},[44,138714,138715],{"className":46,"code":88664,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,138716,138717],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138718,138719],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138720,88664],{"class":59},[20,138722,138723,138724,960,138726,138728],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,138725,64249],{},[15,138727,90133],{}," are not the same.",[1327,138730,138732],{"id":138731},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[44,138734,138736],{"className":46,"code":138735,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,138737,138738,138751],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138739,138740,138742,138744,138746,138749],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138741,34561],{"class":59},[53,138743,31],{"class":63},[53,138745,240],{"class":228},[53,138747,138748],{"class":232},"red red red",[53,138750,1682],{"class":228},[53,138752,138753,138755,138757,138759,138761,138763,138765,138767,138769,138771,138773,138775,138777,138779],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,138754,145],{"class":144},[53,138756,127],{"class":66},[53,138758,34582],{"class":102},[53,138760,99],{"class":66},[53,138762,34873],{"class":102},[53,138764,127],{"class":66},[53,138766,229],{"class":228},[53,138768,1034],{"class":232},[53,138770,229],{"class":228},[53,138772,74],{"class":66},[53,138774,240],{"class":228},[53,138776,1043],{"class":232},[53,138778,229],{"class":228},[53,138780,1713],{"class":66},[20,138782,301],{},[44,138784,138786],{"className":46,"code":138785,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"blue blue blue\n",[15,138787,138788],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138789,138790],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138791,138785],{"class":59},[20,138793,138794,138795,192],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,138796,41131],{},[44,138798,138800],{"className":46,"code":138799,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,138801,138802,138814],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138803,138804,138806,138808,138810,138812],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138805,34561],{"class":59},[53,138807,31],{"class":63},[53,138809,240],{"class":228},[53,138811,138748],{"class":232},[53,138813,1682],{"class":228},[53,138815,138816,138818,138820,138822,138824,138826,138828,138830,138832,138834,138836,138838,138840,138842,138844,138846],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,138817,145],{"class":144},[53,138819,127],{"class":66},[53,138821,34582],{"class":102},[53,138823,99],{"class":66},[53,138825,34873],{"class":102},[53,138827,127],{"class":66},[53,138829,229],{"class":228},[53,138831,1034],{"class":232},[53,138833,229],{"class":228},[53,138835,74],{"class":66},[53,138837,240],{"class":228},[53,138839,1043],{"class":232},[53,138841,229],{"class":228},[53,138843,74],{"class":66},[53,138845,5382],{"class":70},[53,138847,1713],{"class":66},[20,138849,301],{},[44,138851,138853],{"className":46,"code":138852,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"blue red red\n",[15,138854,138855],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138856,138857],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138858,138852],{"class":59},[1327,138860,138862,138863,138865],{"id":138861},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,138864,124241],{}," for the wrong task",[20,138867,138868],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[194,138870,138871,138878,138885],{},[197,138872,174,138873,138877],{},[758,138874,138875],{"href":128757},[15,138876,60245],{}," to break a string into a list",[197,138879,174,138880,138884],{},[758,138881,138882],{"href":136640},[15,138883,41525],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[197,138886,174,138887,138889],{},[15,138888,124241],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[39,138891,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,138893,1729,138895,124397],{"id":138894},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,138896,124241],{},[20,138898,138899],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[1327,138901,138903],{"id":138902},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,138905,138906],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[1327,138908,138910],{"id":138909},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,138912,138913],{},"Use the third argument:",[44,138915,138917],{"className":46,"code":138916,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,138918,138919],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138920,138921,138923,138925,138927,138929,138931,138933,138935,138937,138939],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138922,34582],{"class":59},[53,138924,99],{"class":66},[53,138926,34873],{"class":102},[53,138928,127],{"class":66},[53,138930,137667],{"class":102},[53,138932,74],{"class":66},[53,138934,137672],{"class":102},[53,138936,74],{"class":66},[53,138938,5382],{"class":70},[53,138940,133],{"class":66},[1327,138942,5053,138944,138946],{"id":138943},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,138945,124241],{}," remove text?",[20,138948,138949],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[44,138951,138953],{"className":46,"code":138952,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,138954,138955],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138956,138957,138959,138961,138963,138965,138967,138969,138971,138973,138975],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138958,34582],{"class":59},[53,138960,99],{"class":66},[53,138962,34873],{"class":102},[53,138964,127],{"class":66},[53,138966,229],{"class":228},[53,138968,2060],{"class":232},[53,138970,229],{"class":228},[53,138972,74],{"class":66},[53,138974,6012],{"class":228},[53,138976,133],{"class":66},[1327,138978,1756,138980,124406],{"id":138979},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,138981,124241],{},[20,138983,129599],{},[39,138985,1788],{"id":1787},[194,138987,138988,138992,138998,139004,139010],{},[197,138989,138990],{},[758,138991,124476],{"href":124238},[197,138993,138994],{},[758,138995,126070,138996,1316],{"href":128757},[15,138997,60245],{},[197,138999,139000],{},[758,139001,126070,139002,1316],{"href":136640},[15,139003,41525],{},[197,139005,139006],{},[758,139007,126070,139008,1316],{"href":123797},[15,139009,123800],{},[197,139011,139012],{},[758,139013,124825],{"href":50848},[1817,139015,139016],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":139018},[139019,139020,139022,139025,139026,139030,139034,139035,139037,139045,139055],{"id":41,"depth":88,"text":42},{"id":137620,"depth":88,"text":139021},"What replace() does",{"id":5314,"depth":88,"text":5315,"children":139023},[139024],{"id":17264,"depth":109,"text":17265},{"id":5671,"depth":88,"text":5672},{"id":137835,"depth":88,"text":137836,"children":139027},[139028,139029],{"id":137849,"depth":109,"text":137850},{"id":137930,"depth":109,"text":137931},{"id":138018,"depth":88,"text":138019,"children":139031},[139032,139033],{"id":138027,"depth":109,"text":138028},{"id":138103,"depth":109,"text":138104},{"id":123716,"depth":88,"text":123717},{"id":138299,"depth":88,"text":139036},"What replace() returns",{"id":1319,"depth":88,"text":1320,"children":139038},[139039,139041,139042,139043],{"id":138518,"depth":109,"text":139040},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138662,"depth":109,"text":138663},{"id":138731,"depth":109,"text":138732},{"id":138861,"depth":109,"text":139044},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":139046},[139047,139049,139050,139051,139053],{"id":138894,"depth":109,"text":139048},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":138902,"depth":109,"text":138903},{"id":138909,"depth":109,"text":138910},{"id":138943,"depth":109,"text":139052},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":138979,"depth":109,"text":139054},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137505,"description":139056},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139063,"title":139064,"body":139065,"description":141084,"extension":1853,"meta":141085,"navigation":112,"path":141086,"seo":141087,"stem":141088,"__hash__":141089},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139066,"toc":141048},[139067,139072,139077,139080,139091,139093,139148,139153,139158,139165,139167,139182,139184,139240,139242,139280,139285,139287,139311,139314,139327,139332,139334,139366,139368,139401,139407,139412,139415,139425,139428,139430,139486,139488,139538,139541,139549,139552,139608,139610,139683,139696,139704,139708,139719,139722,139725,139778,139780,139812,139815,139869,139871,139906,139909,139914,139919,139924,139927,139929,139987,139989,140023,140025,140040,140043,140045,140087,140089,140115,140120,140128,140131,140133,140215,140217,140268,140271,140282,140290,140292,140365,140367,140385,140389,140392,140396,140423,140425,140433,140437,140472,140474,140487,140491,140494,140533,140535,140552,140557,140562,140573,140576,140587,140589,140591,140617,140620,140669,140671,140688,140691,140693,140745,140747,140779,140782,140840,140845,140847,140852,140955,140957,140971,140973,140980,140985,140990,140995,141000,141005,141008,141012,141017,141019,141045],[10,139068,123070,139070,18],{"id":139069},"python-string-split-method",[15,139071,60245],{},[20,139073,123075,139074,139076],{},[15,139075,60245],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,139078,139079],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[194,139081,139082,139085,139088],{},[197,139083,139084],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[197,139086,139087],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[197,139089,139090],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[39,139092,42],{"id":41},[44,139094,139096],{"className":46,"code":139095,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,139097,139098,139111,139133,139143],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139099,139100,139102,139104,139106,139109],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139101,34561],{"class":59},[53,139103,31],{"class":63},[53,139105,240],{"class":228},[53,139107,139108],{"class":232},"apple,banana,cherry",[53,139110,1682],{"class":228},[53,139112,139113,139115,139117,139119,139121,139123,139125,139127,139129,139131],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,139114,42708],{"class":59},[53,139116,31],{"class":63},[53,139118,42713],{"class":59},[53,139120,99],{"class":66},[53,139122,34342],{"class":102},[53,139124,127],{"class":66},[53,139126,229],{"class":228},[53,139128,74],{"class":232},[53,139130,229],{"class":228},[53,139132,133],{"class":66},[53,139134,139135,139137,139139,139141],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,139136,145],{"class":144},[53,139138,127],{"class":66},[53,139140,42740],{"class":102},[53,139142,133],{"class":66},[53,139144,139145],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,139146,139147],{"class":156},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,139149,174,139150,139152],{},[15,139151,60245],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[39,139154,184,139156,187],{"id":139155},"what-split-does",[15,139157,60245],{},[20,139159,139160,132118,139162,99],{},[15,139161,60245],{},[34,139163,139164],{},"string method",[20,139166,48800],{},[194,139168,139169,139172,139177],{},[197,139170,139171],{},"divides a string into parts",[197,139173,119372,139174],{},[34,139175,139176],{},"new list of strings",[197,139178,119378,139179,139181],{},[34,139180,36],{}," change the original string",[20,139183,211],{},[44,139185,139187],{"className":46,"code":139186,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139188,139189,139202,139216,139220,139230],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139190,139191,139193,139195,139197,139200],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139192,34561],{"class":59},[53,139194,31],{"class":63},[53,139196,240],{"class":228},[53,139198,139199],{"class":232},"red blue green",[53,139201,1682],{"class":228},[53,139203,139204,139206,139208,139210,139212,139214],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,139205,42708],{"class":59},[53,139207,31],{"class":63},[53,139209,42713],{"class":59},[53,139211,99],{"class":66},[53,139213,34342],{"class":102},[53,139215,106],{"class":66},[53,139217,139218],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,139219,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,139221,139222,139224,139226,139228],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,139223,145],{"class":144},[53,139225,127],{"class":66},[53,139227,34582],{"class":102},[53,139229,133],{"class":66},[53,139231,139232,139234,139236,139238],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,139233,145],{"class":144},[53,139235,127],{"class":66},[53,139237,42740],{"class":102},[53,139239,133],{"class":66},[20,139241,301],{},[44,139243,139245],{"className":46,"code":139244,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,139246,139247,139252],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139248,139249],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139250,139251],{"class":59},"red blue green\n",[53,139253,139254,139256,139258,139260,139262,139264,139266,139268,139270,139272,139274,139276,139278],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,139255,311],{"class":66},[53,139257,314],{"class":228},[53,139259,1034],{"class":232},[53,139261,314],{"class":228},[53,139263,74],{"class":66},[53,139265,323],{"class":228},[53,139267,1043],{"class":232},[53,139269,314],{"class":228},[53,139271,74],{"class":66},[53,139273,323],{"class":228},[53,139275,17324],{"class":232},[53,139277,314],{"class":228},[53,139279,85],{"class":66},[20,139281,139282,139283,99],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[758,139284,124825],{"href":50848},[39,139286,372],{"id":371},[44,139288,139290],{"className":46,"code":139289,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,139291,139292],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139293,139294,139296,139298,139300,139302,139304,139306,139309],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139295,60888],{"class":59},[53,139297,99],{"class":66},[53,139299,34342],{"class":102},[53,139301,127],{"class":66},[53,139303,133474],{"class":102},[53,139305,74],{"class":66},[53,139307,139308],{"class":102}," maxsplit",[53,139310,133],{"class":66},[20,139312,139313],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[194,139315,139316,139321],{},[197,139317,139318,139320],{},[15,139319,133474],{}," tells Python where to split",[197,139322,139323,139326],{},[15,139324,139325],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,139328,8762,139329,139331],{},[15,139330,133474],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139333,211],{},[44,139335,139337],{"className":46,"code":139336,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139338,139339,139352],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139340,139341,139343,139345,139347,139350],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139342,34561],{"class":59},[53,139344,31],{"class":63},[53,139346,240],{"class":228},[53,139348,139349],{"class":232},"one two three",[53,139351,1682],{"class":228},[53,139353,139354,139356,139358,139360,139362,139364],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,139355,145],{"class":144},[53,139357,127],{"class":66},[53,139359,34582],{"class":102},[53,139361,99],{"class":66},[53,139363,34342],{"class":102},[53,139365,7081],{"class":66},[20,139367,301],{},[44,139369,139371],{"className":46,"code":139370,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,139372,139373],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139374,139375,139377,139379,139381,139383,139385,139387,139389,139391,139393,139395,139397,139399],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139376,311],{"class":66},[53,139378,314],{"class":228},[53,139380,6472],{"class":232},[53,139382,314],{"class":228},[53,139384,74],{"class":66},[53,139386,323],{"class":228},[53,139388,78986],{"class":232},[53,139390,314],{"class":228},[53,139392,74],{"class":66},[53,139394,323],{"class":228},[53,139396,133956],{"class":232},[53,139398,314],{"class":228},[53,139400,85],{"class":66},[39,139402,485,139404,139406],{"id":139403},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,139405,60245],{}," with no separator",[20,139408,69889,139409,139411],{},[15,139410,60245],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139413,139414],{},"Whitespace includes:",[194,139416,139417,139419,139422],{},[197,139418,10340],{},[197,139420,139421],{},"tabs",[197,139423,139424],{},"new lines",[20,139426,139427],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,139429,211],{},[44,139431,139433],{"className":46,"code":139432,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139434,139435,139458,139472,139476],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139436,139437,139439,139441,139443,139446,139449,139451,139453,139456],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139438,34561],{"class":59},[53,139440,31],{"class":63},[53,139442,240],{"class":228},[53,139444,139445],{"class":232},"Python   is",[53,139447,139448],{"class":34326},"\\t",[53,139450,133210],{"class":232},[53,139452,86868],{"class":34326},[53,139454,139455],{"class":232},"and useful",[53,139457,1682],{"class":228},[53,139459,139460,139462,139464,139466,139468,139470],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,139461,42708],{"class":59},[53,139463,31],{"class":63},[53,139465,42713],{"class":59},[53,139467,99],{"class":66},[53,139469,34342],{"class":102},[53,139471,106],{"class":66},[53,139473,139474],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,139475,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,139477,139478,139480,139482,139484],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,139479,145],{"class":144},[53,139481,127],{"class":66},[53,139483,42740],{"class":102},[53,139485,133],{"class":66},[20,139487,301],{},[44,139489,139491],{"className":46,"code":139490,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,139492,139493],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139494,139495,139497,139499,139501,139503,139505,139507,139509,139511,139513,139515,139517,139519,139521,139523,139525,139527,139529,139531,139534,139536],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139496,311],{"class":66},[53,139498,314],{"class":228},[53,139500,7184],{"class":232},[53,139502,314],{"class":228},[53,139504,74],{"class":66},[53,139506,323],{"class":228},[53,139508,12081],{"class":232},[53,139510,314],{"class":228},[53,139512,74],{"class":66},[53,139514,323],{"class":228},[53,139516,133210],{"class":232},[53,139518,314],{"class":228},[53,139520,74],{"class":66},[53,139522,323],{"class":228},[53,139524,129835],{"class":232},[53,139526,314],{"class":228},[53,139528,74],{"class":66},[53,139530,323],{"class":228},[53,139532,139533],{"class":232},"useful",[53,139535,314],{"class":228},[53,139537,85],{"class":66},[20,139539,139540],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[1327,139542,139544,10474,139546],{"id":139543},"split-vs-split",[15,139545,60245],{},[15,139547,139548],{},"split(' ')",[20,139550,139551],{},"These are not the same.",[44,139553,139555],{"className":46,"code":139554,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,139556,139557,139570,139574,139588],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139558,139559,139561,139563,139565,139568],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139560,34561],{"class":59},[53,139562,31],{"class":63},[53,139564,240],{"class":228},[53,139566,139567],{"class":232},"a  b   c",[53,139569,1682],{"class":228},[53,139571,139572],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,139573,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,139575,139576,139578,139580,139582,139584,139586],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,139577,145],{"class":144},[53,139579,127],{"class":66},[53,139581,34582],{"class":102},[53,139583,99],{"class":66},[53,139585,34342],{"class":102},[53,139587,7081],{"class":66},[53,139589,139590,139592,139594,139596,139598,139600,139602,139604,139606],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,139591,145],{"class":144},[53,139593,127],{"class":66},[53,139595,34582],{"class":102},[53,139597,99],{"class":66},[53,139599,34342],{"class":102},[53,139601,127],{"class":66},[53,139603,229],{"class":228},[53,139605,240],{"class":228},[53,139607,1713],{"class":66},[20,139609,301],{},[44,139611,139613],{"className":46,"code":139612,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,139614,139615,139643],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139616,139617,139619,139621,139623,139625,139627,139629,139631,139633,139635,139637,139639,139641],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139618,311],{"class":66},[53,139620,314],{"class":228},[53,139622,758],{"class":232},[53,139624,314],{"class":228},[53,139626,74],{"class":66},[53,139628,323],{"class":228},[53,139630,1376],{"class":232},[53,139632,314],{"class":228},[53,139634,74],{"class":66},[53,139636,323],{"class":228},[53,139638,9628],{"class":232},[53,139640,314],{"class":228},[53,139642,85],{"class":66},[53,139644,139645,139647,139649,139651,139653,139655,139657,139659,139661,139663,139665,139667,139669,139671,139673,139675,139677,139679,139681],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,139646,311],{"class":66},[53,139648,314],{"class":228},[53,139650,758],{"class":232},[53,139652,314],{"class":228},[53,139654,74],{"class":66},[53,139656,3725],{"class":228},[53,139658,74],{"class":66},[53,139660,323],{"class":228},[53,139662,1376],{"class":232},[53,139664,314],{"class":228},[53,139666,74],{"class":66},[53,139668,3725],{"class":228},[53,139670,74],{"class":66},[53,139672,3725],{"class":228},[53,139674,74],{"class":66},[53,139676,323],{"class":228},[53,139678,9628],{"class":232},[53,139680,314],{"class":228},[53,139682,85],{"class":66},[194,139684,139685,139690],{},[197,139686,139687,139689],{},[15,139688,60245],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[197,139691,139692,139695],{},[15,139693,139694],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,139697,139698,139699,139703],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[758,139700,126070,139701,1316],{"href":136640},[15,139702,41525],{}," is often useful.",[39,139705,139707],{"id":139706},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,139709,139710,139711,2076,139714,2080,139716,99],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,139712,139713],{},"\",\"",[15,139715,133309],{},[15,139717,139718],{},"\"::\"",[20,139720,139721],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,139723,139724],{},"Example with commas:",[44,139726,139728],{"className":46,"code":139727,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139729,139730,139742,139764,139768],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139731,139732,139734,139736,139738,139740],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139733,34561],{"class":59},[53,139735,31],{"class":63},[53,139737,240],{"class":228},[53,139739,139108],{"class":232},[53,139741,1682],{"class":228},[53,139743,139744,139746,139748,139750,139752,139754,139756,139758,139760,139762],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,139745,42708],{"class":59},[53,139747,31],{"class":63},[53,139749,42713],{"class":59},[53,139751,99],{"class":66},[53,139753,34342],{"class":102},[53,139755,127],{"class":66},[53,139757,229],{"class":228},[53,139759,74],{"class":232},[53,139761,229],{"class":228},[53,139763,133],{"class":66},[53,139765,139766],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,139767,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,139769,139770,139772,139774,139776],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,139771,145],{"class":144},[53,139773,127],{"class":66},[53,139775,42740],{"class":102},[53,139777,133],{"class":66},[20,139779,301],{},[44,139781,139782],{"className":46,"code":78165,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,139783,139784],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139785,139786,139788,139790,139792,139794,139796,139798,139800,139802,139804,139806,139808,139810],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139787,311],{"class":66},[53,139789,314],{"class":228},[53,139791,233],{"class":232},[53,139793,314],{"class":228},[53,139795,74],{"class":66},[53,139797,323],{"class":228},[53,139799,243],{"class":232},[53,139801,314],{"class":228},[53,139803,74],{"class":66},[53,139805,323],{"class":228},[53,139807,3984],{"class":232},[53,139809,314],{"class":228},[53,139811,85],{"class":66},[20,139813,139814],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[44,139816,139818],{"className":46,"code":139817,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139819,139820,139833,139855,139859],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139821,139822,139824,139826,139828,139831],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139823,34561],{"class":59},[53,139825,31],{"class":63},[53,139827,240],{"class":228},[53,139829,139830],{"class":232},"2024::10::31",[53,139832,1682],{"class":228},[53,139834,139835,139837,139839,139841,139843,139845,139847,139849,139851,139853],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,139836,42708],{"class":59},[53,139838,31],{"class":63},[53,139840,42713],{"class":59},[53,139842,99],{"class":66},[53,139844,34342],{"class":102},[53,139846,127],{"class":66},[53,139848,229],{"class":228},[53,139850,76382],{"class":232},[53,139852,229],{"class":228},[53,139854,133],{"class":66},[53,139856,139857],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,139858,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,139860,139861,139863,139865,139867],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,139862,145],{"class":144},[53,139864,127],{"class":66},[53,139866,42740],{"class":102},[53,139868,133],{"class":66},[20,139870,301],{},[44,139872,139874],{"className":46,"code":139873,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,139875,139876],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139877,139878,139880,139882,139885,139887,139889,139891,139893,139895,139897,139899,139902,139904],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139879,311],{"class":66},[53,139881,314],{"class":228},[53,139883,139884],{"class":232},"2024",[53,139886,314],{"class":228},[53,139888,74],{"class":66},[53,139890,323],{"class":228},[53,139892,1188],{"class":232},[53,139894,314],{"class":228},[53,139896,74],{"class":66},[53,139898,323],{"class":228},[53,139900,139901],{"class":232},"31",[53,139903,314],{"class":228},[53,139905,85],{"class":66},[20,139907,139908],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,139910,139911,139912,99],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[758,139913,128754],{"href":128753},[39,139915,485,139917],{"id":139916},"using-maxsplit",[15,139918,139325],{},[20,139920,139921,139923],{},[15,139922,139325],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,139925,139926],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,139928,211],{},[44,139930,139932],{"className":46,"code":139931,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139933,139934,139947,139973,139977],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139935,139936,139938,139940,139942,139945],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139937,34561],{"class":59},[53,139939,31],{"class":63},[53,139941,240],{"class":228},[53,139943,139944],{"class":232},"name:age:city:country",[53,139946,1682],{"class":228},[53,139948,139949,139951,139953,139955,139957,139959,139961,139963,139965,139967,139969,139971],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,139950,42708],{"class":59},[53,139952,31],{"class":63},[53,139954,42713],{"class":59},[53,139956,99],{"class":66},[53,139958,34342],{"class":102},[53,139960,127],{"class":66},[53,139962,229],{"class":228},[53,139964,192],{"class":232},[53,139966,229],{"class":228},[53,139968,74],{"class":66},[53,139970,77],{"class":70},[53,139972,133],{"class":66},[53,139974,139975],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,139976,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,139978,139979,139981,139983,139985],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,139980,145],{"class":144},[53,139982,127],{"class":66},[53,139984,42740],{"class":102},[53,139986,133],{"class":66},[20,139988,301],{},[44,139990,139992],{"className":46,"code":139991,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,139993,139994],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139995,139996,139998,140000,140002,140004,140006,140008,140010,140012,140014,140016,140019,140021],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139997,311],{"class":66},[53,139999,314],{"class":228},[53,140001,1710],{"class":232},[53,140003,314],{"class":228},[53,140005,74],{"class":66},[53,140007,323],{"class":228},[53,140009,9187],{"class":232},[53,140011,314],{"class":228},[53,140013,74],{"class":66},[53,140015,323],{"class":228},[53,140017,140018],{"class":232},"city:country",[53,140020,314],{"class":228},[53,140022,85],{"class":66},[20,140024,2065],{},[194,140026,140027,140032,140037],{},[197,140028,140029,140030],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,140031,192],{},[197,140033,140034,140035],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,140036,192],{},[197,140038,140039],{},"then stops",[20,140041,140042],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,140044,51952],{},[44,140046,140048],{"className":46,"code":140047,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,140049,140050,140063],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140051,140052,140054,140056,140058,140061],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140053,34561],{"class":59},[53,140055,31],{"class":63},[53,140057,240],{"class":228},[53,140059,140060],{"class":232},"apple banana cherry grape",[53,140062,1682],{"class":228},[53,140064,140065,140067,140069,140071,140073,140075,140077,140079,140081,140083,140085],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,140066,145],{"class":144},[53,140068,127],{"class":66},[53,140070,34582],{"class":102},[53,140072,99],{"class":66},[53,140074,34342],{"class":102},[53,140076,127],{"class":66},[53,140078,229],{"class":228},[53,140080,240],{"class":228},[53,140082,74],{"class":66},[53,140084,5382],{"class":70},[53,140086,1713],{"class":66},[20,140088,301],{},[44,140090,140092],{"className":46,"code":140091,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,140093,140094],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140095,140096,140098,140100,140102,140104,140106,140108,140111,140113],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140097,311],{"class":66},[53,140099,314],{"class":228},[53,140101,233],{"class":232},[53,140103,314],{"class":228},[53,140105,74],{"class":66},[53,140107,323],{"class":228},[53,140109,140110],{"class":232},"banana cherry grape",[53,140112,314],{"class":228},[53,140114,85],{"class":66},[39,140116,184,140118,11595],{"id":140117},"what-split-returns",[15,140119,60245],{},[20,140121,140122,140123,140125,140126,99],{},"The result of ",[15,140124,60245],{}," is always a ",[34,140127,7979],{},[20,140129,140130],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,140132,211],{},[44,140134,140136],{"className":46,"code":140135,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,140137,140138,140151,140173,140177,140187,140201],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140139,140140,140142,140144,140146,140149],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140141,34561],{"class":59},[53,140143,31],{"class":63},[53,140145,240],{"class":228},[53,140147,140148],{"class":232},"cat,dog,bird",[53,140150,1682],{"class":228},[53,140152,140153,140155,140157,140159,140161,140163,140165,140167,140169,140171],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,140154,42708],{"class":59},[53,140156,31],{"class":63},[53,140158,42713],{"class":59},[53,140160,99],{"class":66},[53,140162,34342],{"class":102},[53,140164,127],{"class":66},[53,140166,229],{"class":228},[53,140168,74],{"class":232},[53,140170,229],{"class":228},[53,140172,133],{"class":66},[53,140174,140175],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,140176,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,140178,140179,140181,140183,140185],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,140180,145],{"class":144},[53,140182,127],{"class":66},[53,140184,42740],{"class":102},[53,140186,133],{"class":66},[53,140188,140189,140191,140193,140195,140197,140199],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,140190,145],{"class":144},[53,140192,127],{"class":66},[53,140194,1705],{"class":1704},[53,140196,127],{"class":66},[53,140198,42740],{"class":102},[53,140200,1713],{"class":66},[53,140202,140203,140205,140207,140209,140211,140213],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,140204,145],{"class":144},[53,140206,127],{"class":66},[53,140208,42740],{"class":102},[53,140210,311],{"class":66},[53,140212,852],{"class":70},[53,140214,3777],{"class":66},[20,140216,301],{},[44,140218,140220],{"className":46,"code":140219,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,140221,140222,140250,140264],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140223,140224,140226,140228,140230,140232,140234,140236,140238,140240,140242,140244,140246,140248],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140225,311],{"class":66},[53,140227,314],{"class":228},[53,140229,36921],{"class":232},[53,140231,314],{"class":228},[53,140233,74],{"class":66},[53,140235,323],{"class":228},[53,140237,57840],{"class":232},[53,140239,314],{"class":228},[53,140241,74],{"class":66},[53,140243,323],{"class":228},[53,140245,57857],{"class":232},[53,140247,314],{"class":228},[53,140249,85],{"class":66},[53,140251,140252,140254,140256,140258,140260,140262],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,140253,3178],{"class":63},[53,140255,3181],{"class":1954},[53,140257,323],{"class":228},[53,140259,7979],{"class":232},[53,140261,314],{"class":228},[53,140263,3190],{"class":63},[53,140265,140266],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,140267,85184],{"class":59},[20,140269,140270],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[194,140272,140273,140276,140279],{},[197,140274,140275],{},"loop over it",[197,140277,140278],{},"access items by index",[197,140280,140281],{},"combine items again later",[20,140283,140284,140285,99],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[758,140286,126070,140288,1316],{"href":140287},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,140289,133152],{},[20,140291,211],{},[44,140293,140295],{"className":46,"code":140294,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140296,140297,140329,140351,140355],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140298,140299,140301,140303,140305,140307,140309,140311,140313,140315,140317,140319,140321,140323,140325,140327],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140300,42708],{"class":59},[53,140302,31],{"class":63},[53,140304,67],{"class":66},[53,140306,314],{"class":228},[53,140308,36921],{"class":232},[53,140310,314],{"class":228},[53,140312,74],{"class":66},[53,140314,323],{"class":228},[53,140316,57840],{"class":232},[53,140318,314],{"class":228},[53,140320,74],{"class":66},[53,140322,323],{"class":228},[53,140324,57857],{"class":232},[53,140326,314],{"class":228},[53,140328,85],{"class":66},[53,140330,140331,140333,140335,140337,140339,140341,140343,140345,140347,140349],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,140332,34561],{"class":59},[53,140334,31],{"class":63},[53,140336,240],{"class":228},[53,140338,1912],{"class":232},[53,140340,229],{"class":228},[53,140342,99],{"class":66},[53,140344,133229],{"class":102},[53,140346,127],{"class":66},[53,140348,42740],{"class":102},[53,140350,133],{"class":66},[53,140352,140353],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,140354,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,140356,140357,140359,140361,140363],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,140358,145],{"class":144},[53,140360,127],{"class":66},[53,140362,34582],{"class":102},[53,140364,133],{"class":66},[20,140366,301],{},[44,140368,140370],{"className":46,"code":140369,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,140371,140372],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140373,140374,140376,140378,140380,140382],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140375,36921],{"class":59},[53,140377,1912],{"class":63},[53,140379,57840],{"class":59},[53,140381,1912],{"class":63},[53,140383,140384],{"class":59},"bird\n",[39,140386,140388],{"id":140387},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,140390,140391],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[1327,140393,140395],{"id":140394},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[44,140397,140399],{"className":46,"code":140398,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140400,140401,140409],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140402,140403,140405,140407],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140404,34561],{"class":59},[53,140406,31],{"class":63},[53,140408,7766],{"class":228},[53,140410,140411,140413,140415,140417,140419,140421],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,140412,145],{"class":144},[53,140414,127],{"class":66},[53,140416,34582],{"class":102},[53,140418,99],{"class":66},[53,140420,34342],{"class":102},[53,140422,7081],{"class":66},[20,140424,301],{},[44,140426,140427],{"className":46,"code":467,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,140428,140429],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140430,140431],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140432,467],{"class":66},[1327,140434,140436],{"id":140435},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[44,140438,140440],{"className":46,"code":140439,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140441,140442,140450],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140443,140444,140446,140448],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140445,34561],{"class":59},[53,140447,31],{"class":63},[53,140449,7766],{"class":228},[53,140451,140452,140454,140456,140458,140460,140462,140464,140466,140468,140470],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,140453,145],{"class":144},[53,140455,127],{"class":66},[53,140457,34582],{"class":102},[53,140459,99],{"class":66},[53,140461,34342],{"class":102},[53,140463,127],{"class":66},[53,140465,229],{"class":228},[53,140467,74],{"class":232},[53,140469,229],{"class":228},[53,140471,1713],{"class":66},[20,140473,301],{},[44,140475,140477],{"className":46,"code":140476,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['']\n",[15,140478,140479],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140480,140481,140483,140485],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140482,311],{"class":66},[53,140484,3659],{"class":228},[53,140486,85],{"class":66},[1327,140488,140490],{"id":140489},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,140492,140493],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[44,140495,140497],{"className":46,"code":140496,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140498,140499,140511],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140500,140501,140503,140505,140507,140509],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140502,34561],{"class":59},[53,140504,31],{"class":63},[53,140506,240],{"class":228},[53,140508,3732],{"class":232},[53,140510,1682],{"class":228},[53,140512,140513,140515,140517,140519,140521,140523,140525,140527,140529,140531],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,140514,145],{"class":144},[53,140516,127],{"class":66},[53,140518,34582],{"class":102},[53,140520,99],{"class":66},[53,140522,34342],{"class":102},[53,140524,127],{"class":66},[53,140526,229],{"class":228},[53,140528,74],{"class":232},[53,140530,229],{"class":228},[53,140532,1713],{"class":66},[20,140534,301],{},[44,140536,140538],{"className":46,"code":140537,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['hello']\n",[15,140539,140540],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140541,140542,140544,140546,140548,140550],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140543,311],{"class":66},[53,140545,314],{"class":228},[53,140547,3732],{"class":232},[53,140549,314],{"class":228},[53,140551,85],{"class":66},[39,140553,1145,140555],{"id":140554},"when-to-use-split",[15,140556,60245],{},[20,140558,174,140559,140561],{},[15,140560,60245],{}," when you need to:",[194,140563,140564,140567,140570],{},[197,140565,140566],{},"split a sentence into words",[197,140568,140569],{},"split comma-separated values",[197,140571,140572],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,140574,140575],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[194,140577,140578,140581,140584],{},[197,140579,140580],{},"cleaning text",[197,140582,140583],{},"parsing user input",[197,140585,140586],{},"processing simple file content",[39,140588,2716],{"id":2715},[20,140590,83955],{},[194,140592,140593,140597,140603,140606,140614],{},[197,140594,50379,140595,131290],{},[15,140596,60245],{},[197,140598,140599,140600,140602],{},"forgetting that ",[15,140601,60245],{}," returns a list, not a string",[197,140604,140605],{},"using the wrong separator",[197,140607,140608,140609,140611,140612],{},"assuming ",[15,140610,139548],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,140613,60245],{},[197,140615,140616],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,140618,140619],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[44,140621,140623],{"className":46,"code":140622,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140624,140625,140637,140655,140659],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140626,140627,140629,140631,140633,140635],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140628,34561],{"class":59},[53,140630,31],{"class":63},[53,140632,240],{"class":228},[53,140634,42701],{"class":232},[53,140636,1682],{"class":228},[53,140638,140639,140641,140643,140645,140647,140649,140651,140653],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,140640,34582],{"class":59},[53,140642,99],{"class":66},[53,140644,34342],{"class":102},[53,140646,127],{"class":66},[53,140648,229],{"class":228},[53,140650,74],{"class":232},[53,140652,229],{"class":228},[53,140654,133],{"class":66},[53,140656,140657],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,140658,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,140660,140661,140663,140665,140667],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,140662,145],{"class":144},[53,140664,127],{"class":66},[53,140666,34582],{"class":102},[53,140668,133],{"class":66},[20,140670,301],{},[44,140672,140674],{"className":46,"code":140673,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a,b,c\n",[15,140675,140676],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140677,140678,140680,140682,140684,140686],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140679,758],{"class":59},[53,140681,74],{"class":66},[53,140683,1376],{"class":59},[53,140685,74],{"class":66},[53,140687,68961],{"class":59},[20,140689,140690],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,140692,10695],{},[44,140694,140695],{"className":46,"code":42688,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,140696,140697,140709,140731,140735],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140698,140699,140701,140703,140705,140707],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140700,34561],{"class":59},[53,140702,31],{"class":63},[53,140704,240],{"class":228},[53,140706,42701],{"class":232},[53,140708,1682],{"class":228},[53,140710,140711,140713,140715,140717,140719,140721,140723,140725,140727,140729],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,140712,42708],{"class":59},[53,140714,31],{"class":63},[53,140716,42713],{"class":59},[53,140718,99],{"class":66},[53,140720,34342],{"class":102},[53,140722,127],{"class":66},[53,140724,229],{"class":228},[53,140726,74],{"class":232},[53,140728,229],{"class":228},[53,140730,133],{"class":66},[53,140732,140733],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,140734,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,140736,140737,140739,140741,140743],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,140738,145],{"class":144},[53,140740,127],{"class":66},[53,140742,42740],{"class":102},[53,140744,133],{"class":66},[20,140746,301],{},[44,140748,140749],{"className":46,"code":42747,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,140750,140751],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140752,140753,140755,140757,140759,140761,140763,140765,140767,140769,140771,140773,140775,140777],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140754,311],{"class":66},[53,140756,314],{"class":228},[53,140758,758],{"class":232},[53,140760,314],{"class":228},[53,140762,74],{"class":66},[53,140764,323],{"class":228},[53,140766,1376],{"class":232},[53,140768,314],{"class":228},[53,140770,74],{"class":66},[53,140772,323],{"class":228},[53,140774,9628],{"class":232},[53,140776,314],{"class":228},[53,140778,85],{"class":66},[20,140780,140781],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[44,140783,140785],{"className":46,"code":140784,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,140786,140787,140800,140822,140826],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140788,140789,140791,140793,140795,140798],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140790,34561],{"class":59},[53,140792,31],{"class":63},[53,140794,240],{"class":228},[53,140796,140797],{"class":232},"apple,banana",[53,140799,1682],{"class":228},[53,140801,140802,140804,140806,140808,140810,140812,140814,140816,140818,140820],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,140803,42708],{"class":59},[53,140805,31],{"class":63},[53,140807,42713],{"class":59},[53,140809,99],{"class":66},[53,140811,34342],{"class":102},[53,140813,127],{"class":66},[53,140815,229],{"class":228},[53,140817,74],{"class":232},[53,140819,229],{"class":228},[53,140821,133],{"class":66},[53,140823,140824],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,140825,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,140827,140828,140830,140832,140834,140836,140838],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,140829,145],{"class":144},[53,140831,127],{"class":66},[53,140833,42740],{"class":102},[53,140835,311],{"class":66},[53,140837,1589],{"class":70},[53,140839,3777],{"class":66},[20,140841,140842,140843,99],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[758,140844,68974],{"href":68973},[1327,140846,60424],{"id":60423},[20,140848,8762,140849,140851],{},[15,140850,60245],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[44,140853,140855],{"className":46,"code":140854,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,140856,140857,140867,140881,140903,140929],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140858,140859,140861,140863,140865],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140860,145],{"class":144},[53,140862,127],{"class":66},[53,140864,34582],{"class":102},[53,140866,133],{"class":66},[53,140868,140869,140871,140873,140875,140877,140879],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,140870,145],{"class":144},[53,140872,127],{"class":66},[53,140874,34582],{"class":102},[53,140876,99],{"class":66},[53,140878,34342],{"class":102},[53,140880,7081],{"class":66},[53,140882,140883,140885,140887,140889,140891,140893,140895,140897,140899,140901],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,140884,145],{"class":144},[53,140886,127],{"class":66},[53,140888,34582],{"class":102},[53,140890,99],{"class":66},[53,140892,34342],{"class":102},[53,140894,127],{"class":66},[53,140896,314],{"class":228},[53,140898,74],{"class":232},[53,140900,314],{"class":228},[53,140902,1713],{"class":66},[53,140904,140905,140907,140909,140911,140913,140915,140917,140919,140921,140923,140925,140927],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,140906,145],{"class":144},[53,140908,127],{"class":66},[53,140910,11050],{"class":144},[53,140912,127],{"class":66},[53,140914,34582],{"class":102},[53,140916,99],{"class":66},[53,140918,34342],{"class":102},[53,140920,127],{"class":66},[53,140922,314],{"class":228},[53,140924,74],{"class":232},[53,140926,314],{"class":228},[53,140928,2799],{"class":66},[53,140930,140931,140933,140935,140937,140939,140941,140943,140945,140947,140949,140951,140953],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,140932,145],{"class":144},[53,140934,127],{"class":66},[53,140936,1705],{"class":1704},[53,140938,127],{"class":66},[53,140940,34582],{"class":102},[53,140942,99],{"class":66},[53,140944,34342],{"class":102},[53,140946,127],{"class":66},[53,140948,314],{"class":228},[53,140950,74],{"class":232},[53,140952,314],{"class":228},[53,140954,2799],{"class":66},[20,140956,11059],{},[194,140958,140959,140962,140965,140968],{},[197,140960,140961],{},"what the original string looks like",[197,140963,140964],{},"which separator works",[197,140966,140967],{},"how many items were created",[197,140969,140970],{},"that the result is a list",[39,140972,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,140974,1739,140976,960,140978,1744],{"id":140975},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,140977,60245],{},[15,140979,139548],{},[20,140981,140982,140984],{},[15,140983,60245],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,140986,140987,140989],{},[15,140988,139548],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[1327,140991,1729,140993,124397],{"id":140992},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,140994,60245],{},[20,140996,140997,140998,1003],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,140999,60245],{},[1327,141001,5025,141003,39833],{"id":141002},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,141004,139325],{},[20,141006,141007],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[1327,141009,141011],{"id":141010},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,141013,28932,141014,141016],{},[15,141015,60245],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[39,141018,1788],{"id":1787},[194,141020,141021,141025,141031,141037,141041],{},[197,141022,141023],{},[758,141024,129675],{"href":128753},[197,141026,141027],{},[758,141028,126070,141029,1316],{"href":140287},[15,141030,133152],{},[197,141032,141033],{},[758,141034,126070,141035,1316],{"href":136640},[15,141036,41525],{},[197,141038,141039],{},[758,141040,124825],{"href":50848},[197,141042,141043],{},[758,141044,68974],{"href":68973},[1817,141046,141047],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":141049},[141050,141051,141053,141054,141059,141060,141062,141064,141069,141071,141074,141083],{"id":41,"depth":88,"text":42},{"id":139155,"depth":88,"text":141052},"What split() does",{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372},{"id":139403,"depth":88,"text":141055,"children":141056},"Using split() with no separator",[141057],{"id":139543,"depth":109,"text":141058},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139706,"depth":88,"text":139707},{"id":139916,"depth":88,"text":141061},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140117,"depth":88,"text":141063},"What split() returns",{"id":140387,"depth":88,"text":140388,"children":141065},[141066,141067,141068],{"id":140394,"depth":109,"text":140395},{"id":140435,"depth":109,"text":140436},{"id":140489,"depth":109,"text":140490},{"id":140554,"depth":88,"text":141070},"When to use split()",{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716,"children":141072},[141073],{"id":60423,"depth":109,"text":60424},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":141075},[141076,141078,141080,141082],{"id":140975,"depth":109,"text":141077},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":140992,"depth":109,"text":141079},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141002,"depth":109,"text":141081},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141010,"depth":109,"text":141011},{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139064,"description":141084},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141091,"title":141092,"body":141093,"description":143036,"extension":1853,"meta":143037,"navigation":112,"path":143038,"seo":143039,"stem":143040,"__hash__":143041},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141094,"toc":142995},[141095,141100,141105,141112,141185,141190,141195,141200,141216,141218,141288,141290,141292,141312,141314,141359,141364,141366,141464,141469,141473,141478,141482,141485,141527,141531,141534,141579,141583,141586,141636,141640,141645,141697,141699,141704,141715,141720,141800,141802,141814,141823,141830,141845,141847,141962,141968,141972,141975,141980,142122,142125,142132,142134,142138,142146,142215,142221,142270,142275,142280,142282,142302,142304,142370,142372,142376,142379,142383,142424,142426,142459,142464,142467,142494,142496,142539,142546,142551,142561,142627,142631,142639,142644,142695,142699,142702,142704,142713,142715,142765,142767,142874,142876,142881,142888,142894,142897,142928,142933,142935,142942,142950,142959,142962,142964,142992],[10,141096,123070,141098,18],{"id":141097},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,141099,127438],{},[20,141101,123075,141102,141104],{},[15,141103,127438],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,141106,126136,141107,2765,141109,141111],{},[15,141108,3492],{},[15,141110,3560],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[44,141113,141115],{"className":46,"code":141114,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,141116,141117,141130,141134,141159],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,141118,141119,141121,141123,141125,141128],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,141120,34561],{"class":59},[53,141122,31],{"class":63},[53,141124,240],{"class":228},[53,141126,141127],{"class":232},"Python Beginner Help",[53,141129,1682],{"class":228},[53,141131,141132],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,141133,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,141135,141136,141138,141140,141142,141144,141147,141149,141151,141153,141155,141157],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,141137,145],{"class":144},[53,141139,127],{"class":66},[53,141141,34582],{"class":102},[53,141143,99],{"class":66},[53,141145,141146],{"class":102},"startswith",[53,141148,127],{"class":66},[53,141150,229],{"class":228},[53,141152,7184],{"class":232},[53,141154,229],{"class":228},[53,141156,5245],{"class":66},[53,141158,43727],{"class":156},[53,141160,141161,141163,141165,141167,141169,141171,141173,141175,141178,141180,141182],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,141162,145],{"class":144},[53,141164,127],{"class":66},[53,141166,34582],{"class":102},[53,141168,99],{"class":66},[53,141170,141146],{"class":102},[53,141172,127],{"class":66},[53,141174,229],{"class":228},[53,141176,141177],{"class":232},"Beginner",[53,141179,229],{"class":228},[53,141181,5245],{"class":66},[53,141183,141184],{"class":156}," # False\n",[20,141186,174,141187,141189],{},[15,141188,127438],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[39,141191,184,141193,187],{"id":141192},"what-startswith-does",[15,141194,127438],{},[20,141196,141197,141199],{},[15,141198,127438],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[194,141201,141202,141205,141211,141213],{},[197,141203,141204],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[197,141206,5031,141207,2765,141209],{},[15,141208,3492],{},[15,141210,3560],{},[197,141212,123213],{},[197,141214,141215],{},"It works only on strings",[20,141217,211],{},[44,141219,141221],{"className":46,"code":141220,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,141222,141223,141235,141239,141264],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,141224,141225,141227,141229,141231,141233],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,141226,1672],{"class":59},[53,141228,31],{"class":63},[53,141230,240],{"class":228},[53,141232,7184],{"class":232},[53,141234,1682],{"class":228},[53,141236,141237],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,141238,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,141240,141241,141243,141245,141247,141249,141251,141253,141255,141258,141260,141262],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,141242,145],{"class":144},[53,141244,127],{"class":66},[53,141246,1710],{"class":102},[53,141248,99],{"class":66},[53,141250,141146],{"class":102},[53,141252,127],{"class":66},[53,141254,229],{"class":228},[53,141256,141257],{"class":232},"Py",[53,141259,229],{"class":228},[53,141261,5245],{"class":66},[53,141263,43727],{"class":156},[53,141265,141266,141268,141270,141272,141274,141276,141278,141280,141282,141284,141286],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,141267,145],{"class":144},[53,141269,127],{"class":66},[53,141271,1710],{"class":102},[53,141273,99],{"class":66},[53,141275,141146],{"class":102},[53,141277,127],{"class":66},[53,141279,229],{"class":228},[53,141281,128516],{"class":232},[53,141283,229],{"class":228},[53,141285,5245],{"class":66},[53,141287,43744],{"class":156},[39,141289,372],{"id":371},[20,141291,42256],{},[44,141293,141295],{"className":46,"code":141294,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,141296,141297],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,141298,141299,141301,141303,141305,141307,141310],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,141300,60888],{"class":59},[53,141302,99],{"class":66},[53,141304,141146],{"class":102},[53,141306,127],{"class":66},[53,141308,141309],{"class":102},"prefix",[53,141311,133],{"class":66},[20,141313,30636],{},[44,141315,141317],{"className":46,"code":141316,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,141318,141319,141337],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,141320,141321,141323,141325,141327,141329,141331,141333,141335],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,141322,60888],{"class":59},[53,141324,99],{"class":66},[53,141326,141146],{"class":102},[53,141328,127],{"class":66},[53,141330,141309],{"class":102},[53,141332,74],{"class":66},[53,141334,35927],{"class":102},[53,141336,133],{"class":66},[53,141338,141339,141341,141343,141345,141347,141349,141351,141353,141355,141357],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,141340,60888],{"class":59},[53,141342,99],{"class":66},[53,141344,141146],{"class":102},[53,141346,127],{"class":66},[53,141348,141309],{"class":102},[53,141350,74],{"class":66},[53,141352,35927],{"class":102},[53,141354,74],{"class":66},[53,141356,64755],{"class":102},[53,141358,133],{"class":66},[20,141360,20639,141361,141363],{},[15,141362,141309],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,141365,211],{},[44,141367,141369],{"className":46,"code":141368,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,141370,141371,141383,141387,141412,141436],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,141372,141373,141375,141377,141379,141381],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,141374,34561],{"class":59},[53,141376,31],{"class":63},[53,141378,240],{"class":228},[53,141380,60120],{"class":232},[53,141382,1682],{"class":228},[53,141384,141385],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,141386,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,141388,141389,141391,141393,141395,141397,141399,141401,141403,141405,141407,141409],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,141390,145],{"class":144},[53,141392,127],{"class":66},[53,141394,34582],{"class":102},[53,141396,99],{"class":66},[53,141398,141146],{"class":102},[53,141400,127],{"class":66},[53,141402,229],{"class":228},[53,141404,3732],{"class":232},[53,141406,229],{"class":228},[53,141408,5245],{"class":66},[53,141410,141411],{"class":156},"      # True\n",[53,141413,141414,141416,141418,141420,141422,141424,141426,141428,141430,141432,141434],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,141415,145],{"class":144},[53,141417,127],{"class":66},[53,141419,34582],{"class":102},[53,141421,99],{"class":66},[53,141423,141146],{"class":102},[53,141425,127],{"class":66},[53,141427,229],{"class":228},[53,141429,60305],{"class":232},[53,141431,229],{"class":228},[53,141433,5245],{"class":66},[53,141435,21069],{"class":156},[53,141437,141438,141440,141442,141444,141446,141448,141450,141452,141454,141456,141458,141460,141462],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,141439,145],{"class":144},[53,141441,127],{"class":66},[53,141443,34582],{"class":102},[53,141445,99],{"class":66},[53,141447,141146],{"class":102},[53,141449,127],{"class":66},[53,141451,229],{"class":228},[53,141453,60305],{"class":232},[53,141455,229],{"class":228},[53,141457,74],{"class":66},[53,141459,37518],{"class":70},[53,141461,5245],{"class":66},[53,141463,43727],{"class":156},[20,141465,141466,141467,99],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[758,141468,124825],{"href":50848},[39,141470,141472],{"id":141471},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,141474,141475,141477],{},[15,141476,127438],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[1327,141479,141480],{"id":141309},[15,141481,141309],{},[20,141483,141484],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[44,141486,141488],{"className":46,"code":141487,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,141489,141490,141502],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,141491,141492,141494,141496,141498,141500],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,141493,34561],{"class":59},[53,141495,31],{"class":63},[53,141497,240],{"class":228},[53,141499,243],{"class":232},[53,141501,1682],{"class":228},[53,141503,141504,141506,141508,141510,141512,141514,141516,141518,141521,141523,141525],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,141505,145],{"class":144},[53,141507,127],{"class":66},[53,141509,34582],{"class":102},[53,141511,99],{"class":66},[53,141513,141146],{"class":102},[53,141515,127],{"class":66},[53,141517,229],{"class":228},[53,141519,141520],{"class":232},"ban",[53,141522,229],{"class":228},[53,141524,5245],{"class":66},[53,141526,3550],{"class":156},[1327,141528,141529],{"id":35948},[15,141530,35948],{},[20,141532,141533],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[44,141535,141537],{"className":46,"code":141536,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,141538,141539,141551],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,141540,141541,141543,141545,141547,141549],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,141542,34561],{"class":59},[53,141544,31],{"class":63},[53,141546,240],{"class":228},[53,141548,60120],{"class":232},[53,141550,1682],{"class":228},[53,141552,141553,141555,141557,141559,141561,141563,141565,141567,141569,141571,141573,141575,141577],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,141554,145],{"class":144},[53,141556,127],{"class":66},[53,141558,34582],{"class":102},[53,141560,99],{"class":66},[53,141562,141146],{"class":102},[53,141564,127],{"class":66},[53,141566,229],{"class":228},[53,141568,60305],{"class":232},[53,141570,229],{"class":228},[53,141572,74],{"class":66},[53,141574,37518],{"class":70},[53,141576,5245],{"class":66},[53,141578,3550],{"class":156},[1327,141580,141581],{"id":52532},[15,141582,52532],{},[20,141584,141585],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[44,141587,141589],{"className":46,"code":141588,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,141590,141591,141603],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,141592,141593,141595,141597,141599,141601],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,141594,34561],{"class":59},[53,141596,31],{"class":63},[53,141598,240],{"class":228},[53,141600,60120],{"class":232},[53,141602,1682],{"class":228},[53,141604,141605,141607,141609,141611,141613,141615,141617,141619,141622,141624,141626,141628,141630,141632,141634],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,141606,145],{"class":144},[53,141608,127],{"class":66},[53,141610,34582],{"class":102},[53,141612,99],{"class":66},[53,141614,141146],{"class":102},[53,141616,127],{"class":66},[53,141618,229],{"class":228},[53,141620,141621],{"class":232},"wor",[53,141623,229],{"class":228},[53,141625,74],{"class":66},[53,141627,37518],{"class":70},[53,141629,74],{"class":66},[53,141631,54003],{"class":70},[53,141633,5245],{"class":66},[53,141635,3550],{"class":156},[1327,141637,141639],{"id":141638},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,141641,141642,141644],{},[15,141643,141309],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[44,141646,141648],{"className":46,"code":141647,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,141649,141650,141663],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,141651,141652,141654,141656,141658,141661],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,141653,126153],{"class":59},[53,141655,31],{"class":63},[53,141657,240],{"class":228},[53,141659,141660],{"class":232},"img_001.png",[53,141662,1682],{"class":228},[53,141664,141665,141667,141669,141671,141673,141675,141677,141679,141682,141684,141686,141688,141691,141693,141695],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,141666,145],{"class":144},[53,141668,127],{"class":66},[53,141670,126171],{"class":102},[53,141672,99],{"class":66},[53,141674,141146],{"class":102},[53,141676,5395],{"class":66},[53,141678,229],{"class":228},[53,141680,141681],{"class":232},"img_",[53,141683,229],{"class":228},[53,141685,74],{"class":66},[53,141687,240],{"class":228},[53,141689,141690],{"class":232},"photo_",[53,141692,229],{"class":228},[53,141694,50963],{"class":66},[53,141696,3550],{"class":156},[39,141698,998],{"id":997},[20,141700,141701,141703],{},[15,141702,127438],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[194,141705,141706,141711],{},[197,141707,141708,141710],{},[15,141709,3492],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[197,141712,141713,126755],{},[15,141714,3560],{},[20,141716,141717,141718,7059],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,141719,6884],{},[44,141721,141723],{"className":46,"code":141722,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,141724,141725,141739,141743,141764,141779,141785],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,141726,141727,141730,141732,141734,141737],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,141728,141729],{"class":59},"command ",[53,141731,31],{"class":63},[53,141733,240],{"class":228},[53,141735,141736],{"class":232},"\u002Fhelp",[53,141738,1682],{"class":228},[53,141740,141741],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,141742,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,141744,141745,141747,141750,141752,141754,141756,141758,141760,141762],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,141746,6884],{"class":3764},[53,141748,141749],{"class":59}," command",[53,141751,99],{"class":66},[53,141753,141146],{"class":102},[53,141755,127],{"class":66},[53,141757,229],{"class":228},[53,141759,126962],{"class":232},[53,141761,229],{"class":228},[53,141763,8228],{"class":66},[53,141765,141766,141768,141770,141772,141775,141777],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,141767,7954],{"class":144},[53,141769,127],{"class":66},[53,141771,229],{"class":228},[53,141773,141774],{"class":232},"This looks like a command.",[53,141776,229],{"class":228},[53,141778,133],{"class":66},[53,141780,141781,141783],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,141782,27304],{"class":3764},[53,141784,6280],{"class":66},[53,141786,141787,141789,141791,141793,141796,141798],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,141788,7954],{"class":144},[53,141790,127],{"class":66},[53,141792,229],{"class":228},[53,141794,141795],{"class":232},"This is normal text.",[53,141797,229],{"class":228},[53,141799,133],{"class":66},[20,141801,301],{},[44,141803,141805],{"className":46,"code":141804,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,141806,141807],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,141808,141809,141812],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,141810,141811],{"class":59},"This looks like a command",[53,141813,122102],{"class":66},[39,141815,485,141817,8591,141819,960,141821],{"id":141816},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,141818,127438],{},[15,141820,35948],{},[15,141822,52532],{},[20,141824,1870,141825,960,141827,141829],{},[15,141826,35948],{},[15,141828,52532],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[194,141831,141832,141837,141842],{},[197,141833,141834,141836],{},[15,141835,35948],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[197,141838,141839,141841],{},[15,141840,52532],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[197,141843,141844],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,141846,211],{},[44,141848,141850],{"className":46,"code":141849,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,141851,141852,141864,141868,141897,141930],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,141853,141854,141856,141858,141860,141862],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,141855,34561],{"class":59},[53,141857,31],{"class":63},[53,141859,240],{"class":228},[53,141861,139349],{"class":232},[53,141863,1682],{"class":228},[53,141865,141866],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,141867,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,141869,141870,141872,141874,141876,141878,141880,141882,141884,141886,141888,141890,141892,141894],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,141871,145],{"class":144},[53,141873,127],{"class":66},[53,141875,34582],{"class":102},[53,141877,99],{"class":66},[53,141879,141146],{"class":102},[53,141881,127],{"class":66},[53,141883,229],{"class":228},[53,141885,78986],{"class":232},[53,141887,229],{"class":228},[53,141889,74],{"class":66},[53,141891,597],{"class":70},[53,141893,5245],{"class":66},[53,141895,141896],{"class":156},"        # True\n",[53,141898,141899,141901,141903,141905,141907,141909,141911,141913,141915,141917,141919,141921,141923,141926,141928],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,141900,145],{"class":144},[53,141902,127],{"class":66},[53,141904,34582],{"class":102},[53,141906,99],{"class":66},[53,141908,141146],{"class":102},[53,141910,127],{"class":66},[53,141912,229],{"class":228},[53,141914,133956],{"class":232},[53,141916,229],{"class":228},[53,141918,74],{"class":66},[53,141920,6246],{"class":70},[53,141922,74],{"class":66},[53,141924,141925],{"class":70}," 13",[53,141927,5245],{"class":66},[53,141929,3550],{"class":156},[53,141931,141932,141934,141936,141938,141940,141942,141944,141946,141948,141950,141952,141954,141956,141958,141960],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,141933,145],{"class":144},[53,141935,127],{"class":66},[53,141937,34582],{"class":102},[53,141939,99],{"class":66},[53,141941,141146],{"class":102},[53,141943,127],{"class":66},[53,141945,229],{"class":228},[53,141947,133956],{"class":232},[53,141949,229],{"class":228},[53,141951,74],{"class":66},[53,141953,6246],{"class":70},[53,141955,74],{"class":66},[53,141957,30815],{"class":70},[53,141959,5245],{"class":66},[53,141961,4657],{"class":156},[20,141963,141964,141965,141967],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,141966,52532],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[39,141969,141971],{"id":141970},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,141973,141974],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,141976,141977,141978,49221],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,141979,40709],{},[44,141981,141983],{"className":46,"code":141982,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,141984,141985,141999,142013,142027,142031,142055,142059,142080,142101],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,141986,141987,141990,141992,141994,141997],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,141988,141989],{"class":59},"filename1 ",[53,141991,31],{"class":63},[53,141993,240],{"class":228},[53,141995,141996],{"class":232},"img_101.jpg",[53,141998,1682],{"class":228},[53,142000,142001,142004,142006,142008,142011],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,142002,142003],{"class":59},"filename2 ",[53,142005,31],{"class":63},[53,142007,240],{"class":228},[53,142009,142010],{"class":232},"photo_202.jpg",[53,142012,1682],{"class":228},[53,142014,142015,142018,142020,142022,142025],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,142016,142017],{"class":59},"filename3 ",[53,142019,31],{"class":63},[53,142021,240],{"class":228},[53,142023,142024],{"class":232},"doc_303.jpg",[53,142026,1682],{"class":228},[53,142028,142029],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,142030,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,142032,142033,142035,142037,142039,142041,142043,142045,142047,142049,142051,142053],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,142034,127365],{"class":59},[53,142036,31],{"class":63},[53,142038,9124],{"class":66},[53,142040,229],{"class":228},[53,142042,141681],{"class":232},[53,142044,229],{"class":228},[53,142046,74],{"class":66},[53,142048,240],{"class":228},[53,142050,141690],{"class":232},[53,142052,229],{"class":228},[53,142054,133],{"class":66},[53,142056,142057],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,142058,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,142060,142061,142063,142065,142068,142070,142072,142074,142076,142078],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,142062,145],{"class":144},[53,142064,127],{"class":66},[53,142066,142067],{"class":102},"filename1",[53,142069,99],{"class":66},[53,142071,141146],{"class":102},[53,142073,127],{"class":66},[53,142075,127417],{"class":102},[53,142077,5245],{"class":66},[53,142079,3550],{"class":156},[53,142081,142082,142084,142086,142089,142091,142093,142095,142097,142099],{"class":55,"line":6312},[53,142083,145],{"class":144},[53,142085,127],{"class":66},[53,142087,142088],{"class":102},"filename2",[53,142090,99],{"class":66},[53,142092,141146],{"class":102},[53,142094,127],{"class":66},[53,142096,127417],{"class":102},[53,142098,5245],{"class":66},[53,142100,3550],{"class":156},[53,142102,142103,142105,142107,142110,142112,142114,142116,142118,142120],{"class":55,"line":6318},[53,142104,145],{"class":144},[53,142106,127],{"class":66},[53,142108,142109],{"class":102},"filename3",[53,142111,99],{"class":66},[53,142113,141146],{"class":102},[53,142115,127],{"class":66},[53,142117,127417],{"class":102},[53,142119,5245],{"class":66},[53,142121,4657],{"class":156},[20,142123,142124],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,142126,74487,142127,142131],{},[758,142128,126070,142129,1316],{"href":129664},[15,142130,126128],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[39,142133,123717],{"id":123716},[20,142135,142136,123528],{},[15,142137,127438],{},[20,142139,127115,142140,960,142143,127122],{},[15,142141,142142],{},"\"Python\"",[15,142144,142145],{},"\"python\"",[44,142147,142149],{"className":46,"code":142148,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,142150,142151,142163,142167,142191],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142152,142153,142155,142157,142159,142161],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142154,34561],{"class":59},[53,142156,31],{"class":63},[53,142158,240],{"class":228},[53,142160,7184],{"class":232},[53,142162,1682],{"class":228},[53,142164,142165],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,142166,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,142168,142169,142171,142173,142175,142177,142179,142181,142183,142185,142187,142189],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,142170,145],{"class":144},[53,142172,127],{"class":66},[53,142174,34582],{"class":102},[53,142176,99],{"class":66},[53,142178,141146],{"class":102},[53,142180,127],{"class":66},[53,142182,229],{"class":228},[53,142184,141257],{"class":232},[53,142186,229],{"class":228},[53,142188,5245],{"class":66},[53,142190,3550],{"class":156},[53,142192,142193,142195,142197,142199,142201,142203,142205,142207,142209,142211,142213],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,142194,145],{"class":144},[53,142196,127],{"class":66},[53,142198,34582],{"class":102},[53,142200,99],{"class":66},[53,142202,141146],{"class":102},[53,142204,127],{"class":66},[53,142206,229],{"class":228},[53,142208,128516],{"class":232},[53,142210,229],{"class":228},[53,142212,5245],{"class":66},[53,142214,4657],{"class":156},[20,142216,127207,142217,99],{},[758,142218,142219],{"href":123797},[15,142220,123800],{},[44,142222,142224],{"className":46,"code":142223,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,142225,142226,142238,142242],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142227,142228,142230,142232,142234,142236],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142229,34561],{"class":59},[53,142231,31],{"class":63},[53,142233,240],{"class":228},[53,142235,7184],{"class":232},[53,142237,1682],{"class":228},[53,142239,142240],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,142241,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,142243,142244,142246,142248,142250,142252,142254,142256,142258,142260,142262,142264,142266,142268],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,142245,145],{"class":144},[53,142247,127],{"class":66},[53,142249,34582],{"class":102},[53,142251,99],{"class":66},[53,142253,8527],{"class":102},[53,142255,8524],{"class":66},[53,142257,141146],{"class":102},[53,142259,127],{"class":66},[53,142261,229],{"class":228},[53,142263,128516],{"class":232},[53,142265,229],{"class":228},[53,142267,5245],{"class":66},[53,142269,3550],{"class":156},[39,142271,1145,142273],{"id":142272},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,142274,127438],{},[20,142276,142277,142279],{},[15,142278,127438],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,142281,9262],{},[194,142283,142284,142287,142290,142299],{},[197,142285,142286],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[197,142288,142289],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[197,142291,142292,142293,2765,142296],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,142294,142295],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,142297,142298],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[197,142300,142301],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,142303,211],{},[44,142305,142307],{"className":46,"code":142306,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,142308,142309,142322,142326,142355],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142310,142311,142313,142315,142317,142320],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142312,126933],{"class":59},[53,142314,31],{"class":63},[53,142316,240],{"class":228},[53,142318,142319],{"class":232},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[53,142321,1682],{"class":228},[53,142323,142324],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,142325,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,142327,142328,142330,142333,142335,142337,142339,142341,142343,142345,142347,142349,142351,142353],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,142329,6884],{"class":3764},[53,142331,142332],{"class":59}," url",[53,142334,99],{"class":66},[53,142336,141146],{"class":102},[53,142338,5395],{"class":66},[53,142340,229],{"class":228},[53,142342,142295],{"class":232},[53,142344,229],{"class":228},[53,142346,74],{"class":66},[53,142348,240],{"class":228},[53,142350,142298],{"class":232},[53,142352,229],{"class":228},[53,142354,69278],{"class":66},[53,142356,142357,142359,142361,142363,142366,142368],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,142358,7954],{"class":144},[53,142360,127],{"class":66},[53,142362,229],{"class":228},[53,142364,142365],{"class":232},"This looks like a web URL.",[53,142367,229],{"class":228},[53,142369,133],{"class":66},[39,142371,2716],{"id":2715},[20,142373,22964,142374,99],{},[15,142375,127438],{},[1327,142377,138510],{"id":142378},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,142380,142381,123528],{},[15,142382,127438],{},[44,142384,142386],{"className":46,"code":142385,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,142387,142388,142400],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142389,142390,142392,142394,142396,142398],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142391,34561],{"class":59},[53,142393,31],{"class":63},[53,142395,240],{"class":228},[53,142397,7184],{"class":232},[53,142399,1682],{"class":228},[53,142401,142402,142404,142406,142408,142410,142412,142414,142416,142418,142420,142422],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,142403,145],{"class":144},[53,142405,127],{"class":66},[53,142407,34582],{"class":102},[53,142409,99],{"class":66},[53,142411,141146],{"class":102},[53,142413,127],{"class":66},[53,142415,229],{"class":228},[53,142417,48],{"class":232},[53,142419,229],{"class":228},[53,142421,5245],{"class":66},[53,142423,4657],{"class":156},[20,142425,1524],{},[44,142427,142429],{"className":46,"code":142428,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,142430,142431],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142432,142433,142435,142437,142439,142441,142443,142445,142447,142449,142451,142453,142455,142457],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142434,145],{"class":144},[53,142436,127],{"class":66},[53,142438,34582],{"class":102},[53,142440,99],{"class":66},[53,142442,8527],{"class":102},[53,142444,8524],{"class":66},[53,142446,141146],{"class":102},[53,142448,127],{"class":66},[53,142450,229],{"class":228},[53,142452,48],{"class":232},[53,142454,229],{"class":228},[53,142456,5245],{"class":66},[53,142458,3550],{"class":156},[1327,142460,29521,142462,136992],{"id":142461},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,142463,127438],{},[20,142465,142466],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[44,142468,142470],{"className":46,"code":142469,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142471,142472,142480,142484,142489],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142473,142474,142476,142478],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142475,2335],{"class":59},[53,142477,31],{"class":63},[53,142479,124752],{"class":70},[53,142481,142482],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,142483,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,142485,142486],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,142487,142488],{"class":156},"# This will cause an error:\n",[53,142490,142491],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,142492,142493],{"class":156},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,142495,1524],{},[44,142497,142499],{"className":46,"code":142498,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,142500,142501,142515],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142502,142503,142505,142507,142509,142511,142513],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142504,2335],{"class":59},[53,142506,31],{"class":63},[53,142508,48777],{"class":1704},[53,142510,127],{"class":66},[53,142512,50119],{"class":70},[53,142514,133],{"class":66},[53,142516,142517,142519,142521,142523,142525,142527,142529,142531,142533,142535,142537],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,142518,145],{"class":144},[53,142520,127],{"class":66},[53,142522,2360],{"class":102},[53,142524,99],{"class":66},[53,142526,141146],{"class":102},[53,142528,127],{"class":66},[53,142530,229],{"class":228},[53,142532,71],{"class":232},[53,142534,229],{"class":228},[53,142536,5245],{"class":66},[53,142538,3550],{"class":156},[1327,142540,37078,142542,8591,142544],{"id":142541},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,142543,127438],{},[15,142545,3771],{},[20,142547,142548,142550],{},[15,142549,127438],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,142552,142553,142554,142556,142557,99],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,142555,3771],{}," or methods like ",[758,142558,142559],{"href":124080},[15,142560,124065],{},[44,142562,142564],{"className":46,"code":142563,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,142565,142566,142578,142582,142606],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142567,142568,142570,142572,142574,142576],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142569,34561],{"class":59},[53,142571,31],{"class":63},[53,142573,240],{"class":228},[53,142575,60120],{"class":232},[53,142577,1682],{"class":228},[53,142579,142580],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,142581,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,142583,142584,142586,142588,142590,142592,142594,142596,142598,142600,142602,142604],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,142585,145],{"class":144},[53,142587,127],{"class":66},[53,142589,34582],{"class":102},[53,142591,99],{"class":66},[53,142593,141146],{"class":102},[53,142595,127],{"class":66},[53,142597,229],{"class":228},[53,142599,60305],{"class":232},[53,142601,229],{"class":228},[53,142603,5245],{"class":66},[53,142605,4657],{"class":156},[53,142607,142608,142610,142612,142614,142616,142618,142620,142622,142624],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,142609,145],{"class":144},[53,142611,127],{"class":66},[53,142613,229],{"class":228},[53,142615,60305],{"class":232},[53,142617,229],{"class":228},[53,142619,21042],{"class":3764},[53,142621,42713],{"class":102},[53,142623,153],{"class":66},[53,142625,142626],{"class":156},"           # True\n",[20,142628,135544,142629,99],{},[758,142630,127106],{"href":123325},[1327,142632,4590,142634,960,142636,142638],{"id":142633},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,142635,35948],{},[15,142637,52532],{}," use index positions",[20,142640,142641,142642,99],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,142643,852],{},[44,142645,142647],{"className":46,"code":142646,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,142648,142649,142662,142666],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142650,142651,142653,142655,142657,142660],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142652,34561],{"class":59},[53,142654,31],{"class":63},[53,142656,240],{"class":228},[53,142658,142659],{"class":232},"abcdef",[53,142661,1682],{"class":228},[53,142663,142664],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,142665,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,142667,142668,142670,142672,142674,142676,142678,142680,142682,142685,142687,142689,142691,142693],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,142669,145],{"class":144},[53,142671,127],{"class":66},[53,142673,34582],{"class":102},[53,142675,99],{"class":66},[53,142677,141146],{"class":102},[53,142679,127],{"class":66},[53,142681,229],{"class":228},[53,142683,142684],{"class":232},"cd",[53,142686,229],{"class":228},[53,142688,74],{"class":66},[53,142690,77],{"class":70},[53,142692,5245],{"class":66},[53,142694,3550],{"class":156},[1327,142696,142698],{"id":142697},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,142700,142701],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,142703,16514],{},[44,142705,142707],{"className":46,"code":142706,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,142708,142709],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142710,142711],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142712,142706],{"class":156},[20,142714,1015],{},[44,142716,142718],{"className":46,"code":142717,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,142719,142720,142732],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142721,142722,142724,142726,142728,142730],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142723,34561],{"class":59},[53,142725,31],{"class":63},[53,142727,240],{"class":228},[53,142729,7184],{"class":232},[53,142731,1682],{"class":228},[53,142733,142734,142736,142738,142740,142742,142744,142746,142748,142750,142752,142754,142756,142759,142761,142763],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,142735,145],{"class":144},[53,142737,127],{"class":66},[53,142739,34582],{"class":102},[53,142741,99],{"class":66},[53,142743,141146],{"class":102},[53,142745,5395],{"class":66},[53,142747,229],{"class":228},[53,142749,141257],{"class":232},[53,142751,229],{"class":228},[53,142753,74],{"class":66},[53,142755,240],{"class":228},[53,142757,142758],{"class":232},"Ja",[53,142760,229],{"class":228},[53,142762,50963],{"class":66},[53,142764,3550],{"class":156},[20,142766,31955],{},[44,142768,142770],{"className":46,"code":142769,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,142771,142772,142782,142796,142818,142844],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142773,142774,142776,142778,142780],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142775,145],{"class":144},[53,142777,127],{"class":66},[53,142779,34582],{"class":102},[53,142781,133],{"class":66},[53,142783,142784,142786,142788,142790,142792,142794],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,142785,145],{"class":144},[53,142787,127],{"class":66},[53,142789,1705],{"class":1704},[53,142791,127],{"class":66},[53,142793,34582],{"class":102},[53,142795,1713],{"class":66},[53,142797,142798,142800,142802,142804,142806,142808,142810,142812,142814,142816],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,142799,145],{"class":144},[53,142801,127],{"class":66},[53,142803,34582],{"class":102},[53,142805,99],{"class":66},[53,142807,141146],{"class":102},[53,142809,127],{"class":66},[53,142811,229],{"class":228},[53,142813,141257],{"class":232},[53,142815,229],{"class":228},[53,142817,1713],{"class":66},[53,142819,142820,142822,142824,142826,142828,142830,142832,142834,142836,142838,142840,142842],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,142821,145],{"class":144},[53,142823,127],{"class":66},[53,142825,34582],{"class":102},[53,142827,99],{"class":66},[53,142829,8527],{"class":102},[53,142831,8524],{"class":66},[53,142833,141146],{"class":102},[53,142835,127],{"class":66},[53,142837,229],{"class":228},[53,142839,128516],{"class":232},[53,142841,229],{"class":228},[53,142843,1713],{"class":66},[53,142845,142846,142848,142850,142852,142854,142856,142858,142860,142862,142864,142866,142868,142870,142872],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,142847,145],{"class":144},[53,142849,127],{"class":66},[53,142851,34582],{"class":102},[53,142853,99],{"class":66},[53,142855,141146],{"class":102},[53,142857,5395],{"class":66},[53,142859,229],{"class":228},[53,142861,141257],{"class":232},[53,142863,229],{"class":228},[53,142865,74],{"class":66},[53,142867,240],{"class":228},[53,142869,142758],{"class":232},[53,142871,229],{"class":228},[53,142873,2799],{"class":66},[39,142875,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,142877,1729,142879,127916],{"id":142878},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,142880,127438],{},[20,142882,142883,142884,2765,142886,99],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,142885,3492],{},[15,142887,3560],{},[1327,142889,5053,142891,142893],{"id":142890},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,142892,127438],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,142895,142896],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[44,142898,142900],{"className":46,"code":142899,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,142901,142902],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142903,142904,142906,142908,142910,142912,142914,142916,142918,142920,142922,142924,142926],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142905,34582],{"class":59},[53,142907,99],{"class":66},[53,142909,141146],{"class":102},[53,142911,5395],{"class":66},[53,142913,229],{"class":228},[53,142915,758],{"class":232},[53,142917,229],{"class":228},[53,142919,74],{"class":66},[53,142921,240],{"class":228},[53,142923,1376],{"class":232},[53,142925,229],{"class":228},[53,142927,1713],{"class":66},[1327,142929,1756,142931,124406],{"id":142930},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,142932,127438],{},[20,142934,129599],{},[1327,142936,1739,142938,960,142940,1744],{"id":142937},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,142939,127438],{},[15,142941,3771],{},[20,142943,142944,142946,142947,142949],{},[15,142945,127438],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,142948,3771],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[1327,142951,28199,142953,960,142955,8591,142957,1744],{"id":142952},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,142954,35948],{},[15,142956,52532],{},[15,142958,127438],{},[20,142960,142961],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[39,142963,1788],{"id":1787},[194,142965,142966,142972,142978,142984,142988],{},[197,142967,142968],{},[758,142969,126070,142970,1316],{"href":129664},[15,142971,126128],{},[197,142973,142974],{},[758,142975,126070,142976,1316],{"href":124080},[15,142977,124065],{},[197,142979,142980],{},[758,142981,126070,142982,1316],{"href":123797},[15,142983,123800],{},[197,142985,142986],{},[758,142987,124469],{"href":123325},[197,142989,142990],{},[758,142991,124825],{"href":50848},[1817,142993,142994],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":142996},[142997,142999,143000,143006,143007,143009,143010,143011,143013,143023,143035],{"id":141192,"depth":88,"text":142998},"What startswith() does",{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372},{"id":141471,"depth":88,"text":141472,"children":143001},[143002,143003,143004,143005],{"id":141309,"depth":109,"text":141309},{"id":35948,"depth":109,"text":35948},{"id":52532,"depth":109,"text":52532},{"id":141638,"depth":109,"text":141639},{"id":997,"depth":88,"text":998},{"id":141816,"depth":88,"text":143008},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":141970,"depth":88,"text":141971},{"id":123716,"depth":88,"text":123717},{"id":142272,"depth":88,"text":143012},"When to use startswith()",{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716,"children":143014},[143015,143016,143018,143020,143022],{"id":142378,"depth":109,"text":138510},{"id":142461,"depth":109,"text":143017},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142541,"depth":109,"text":143019},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142633,"depth":109,"text":143021},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142697,"depth":109,"text":142698},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":143024},[143025,143027,143029,143031,143033],{"id":142878,"depth":109,"text":143026},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":142890,"depth":109,"text":143028},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":142930,"depth":109,"text":143030},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":142937,"depth":109,"text":143032},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":142952,"depth":109,"text":143034},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141092,"description":143036},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143043,"title":143044,"body":143045,"description":144499,"extension":1853,"meta":144500,"navigation":112,"path":144501,"seo":144502,"stem":144503,"__hash__":144504},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143046,"toc":144469},[143047,143052,143057,143060,143062,143106,143108,143116,143121,143126,143131,143133,143151,143153,143199,143201,143215,143224,143228,143230,143232,143244,143249,143252,143284,143286,143295,143300,143303,143344,143346,143354,143356,143369,143375,143379,143382,143398,143400,143449,143451,143460,143463,143522,143524,143533,143540,143543,143596,143598,143622,143629,143635,143639,143645,143648,143659,143661,143701,143703,143711,143713,143753,143755,143764,143766,143784,143787,143794,143805,143808,143825,143827,143904,143906,143937,143940,143942,143945,143971,143973,144013,144015,144024,144034,144042,144050,144055,144060,144062,144076,144078,144129,144131,144140,144150,144152,144154,144176,144179,144258,144260,144296,144299,144374,144379,144381,144387,144392,144397,144400,144406,144409,144416,144424,144428,144436,144438,144466],[10,143048,123070,143050,18],{"id":143049},"python-string-strip-method",[15,143051,41525],{},[20,143053,32190,143054,143056],{},[15,143055,41525],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,143058,143059],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[39,143061,3497],{"id":3496},[44,143063,143065],{"className":46,"code":143064,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,143066,143067,143080,143095],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143068,143069,143071,143073,143075,143078],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143070,34561],{"class":59},[53,143072,31],{"class":63},[53,143074,240],{"class":228},[53,143076,143077],{"class":232},"  hello  ",[53,143079,1682],{"class":228},[53,143081,143082,143085,143087,143089,143091,143093],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,143083,143084],{"class":59},"clean_text ",[53,143086,31],{"class":63},[53,143088,42713],{"class":59},[53,143090,99],{"class":66},[53,143092,8521],{"class":102},[53,143094,106],{"class":66},[53,143096,143097,143099,143101,143104],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,143098,145],{"class":144},[53,143100,127],{"class":66},[53,143102,143103],{"class":102},"clean_text",[53,143105,133],{"class":66},[20,143107,301],{},[44,143109,143110],{"className":46,"code":138385,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,143111,143112],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143113,143114],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143115,138385],{"class":59},[20,143117,174,143118,143120],{},[15,143119,41525],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[39,143122,184,143124,187],{"id":143123},"what-strip-does",[15,143125,41525],{},[20,143127,143128,143130],{},[15,143129,41525],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,143132,12936],{},[194,143134,143135,143139,143142,143145,143148],{},[197,143136,143137,131420],{},[15,143138,41525],{},[197,143140,143141],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[197,143143,143144],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[197,143146,143147],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[197,143149,143150],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,143152,211],{},[44,143154,143156],{"className":46,"code":143155,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,143157,143158,143171,143175,143189],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143159,143160,143162,143164,143166,143169],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143161,34561],{"class":59},[53,143163,31],{"class":63},[53,143165,240],{"class":228},[53,143167,143168],{"class":232},"  hello world  ",[53,143170,1682],{"class":228},[53,143172,143173],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,143174,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,143176,143177,143179,143181,143183,143185,143187],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,143178,145],{"class":144},[53,143180,127],{"class":66},[53,143182,34582],{"class":102},[53,143184,99],{"class":66},[53,143186,8521],{"class":102},[53,143188,7081],{"class":66},[53,143190,143191,143193,143195,143197],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,143192,145],{"class":144},[53,143194,127],{"class":66},[53,143196,34582],{"class":102},[53,143198,133],{"class":66},[20,143200,301],{},[44,143202,143204],{"className":46,"code":143203,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,143205,143206,143210],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143207,143208],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143209,134086],{"class":59},[53,143211,143212],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,143213,143214],{"class":59},"  hello world\n",[20,143216,143217,143218,143220,143221,143223],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,143219,41525],{},", but the original ",[15,143222,34582],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,143225,124822,143226,99],{},[758,143227,124825],{"href":50848},[39,143229,372],{"id":371},[20,143231,26357],{},[194,143233,143234,143239],{},[197,143235,143236],{},[15,143237,143238],{},"string.strip()",[197,143240,143241],{},[15,143242,143243],{},"string.strip(chars)",[1327,143245,143247],{"id":143246},"stringstrip",[15,143248,143238],{},[20,143250,143251],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[44,143253,143255],{"className":46,"code":143254,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,143256,143257,143270],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143258,143259,143261,143263,143265,143268],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143260,1672],{"class":59},[53,143262,31],{"class":63},[53,143264,240],{"class":228},[53,143266,143267],{"class":232},"  Alice  ",[53,143269,1682],{"class":228},[53,143271,143272,143274,143276,143278,143280,143282],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,143273,145],{"class":144},[53,143275,127],{"class":66},[53,143277,1710],{"class":102},[53,143279,99],{"class":66},[53,143281,8521],{"class":102},[53,143283,7081],{"class":66},[20,143285,301],{},[44,143287,143289],{"className":46,"code":143288,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Alice\n",[15,143290,143291],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143292,143293],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143294,143288],{"class":59},[1327,143296,143298],{"id":143297},"stringstripchars",[15,143299,143243],{},[20,143301,143302],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[44,143304,143306],{"className":46,"code":143305,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143307,143308,143321],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143309,143310,143312,143314,143316,143319],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143311,34561],{"class":59},[53,143313,31],{"class":63},[53,143315,240],{"class":228},[53,143317,143318],{"class":232},"!!hello??",[53,143320,1682],{"class":228},[53,143322,143323,143325,143327,143329,143331,143333,143335,143337,143340,143342],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,143324,145],{"class":144},[53,143326,127],{"class":66},[53,143328,34582],{"class":102},[53,143330,99],{"class":66},[53,143332,8521],{"class":102},[53,143334,127],{"class":66},[53,143336,229],{"class":228},[53,143338,143339],{"class":232},"!?",[53,143341,229],{"class":228},[53,143343,1713],{"class":66},[20,143345,301],{},[44,143347,143348],{"className":46,"code":138385,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,143349,143350],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143351,143352],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143353,138385],{"class":59},[20,143355,83536],{},[194,143357,143358,143363],{},[197,143359,143360,143362],{},[15,143361,134329],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[197,143364,143365,143366,143368],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,143367,134329],{}," does not matter",[39,143370,143372,143373],{"id":143371},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,143374,41525],{},[20,143376,30757,143377,99],{},[15,143378,41525],{},[20,143380,143381],{},"It is useful for:",[194,143383,143384,143389,143392,143395],{},[197,143385,143386,143387,3774],{},"Cleaning ",[15,143388,2845],{},[197,143390,143391],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[197,143393,143394],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[197,143396,143397],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,143399,48234],{},[44,143401,143403],{"className":46,"code":143402,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,143404,143405,143418,143434,143438],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143406,143407,143409,143411,143413,143416],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143408,7846],{"class":59},[53,143410,31],{"class":63},[53,143412,240],{"class":228},[53,143414,143415],{"class":232},"  sam  ",[53,143417,1682],{"class":228},[53,143419,143420,143423,143425,143428,143430,143432],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,143421,143422],{"class":59},"clean_username ",[53,143424,31],{"class":63},[53,143426,143427],{"class":59}," username",[53,143429,99],{"class":66},[53,143431,8521],{"class":102},[53,143433,106],{"class":66},[53,143435,143436],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,143437,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,143439,143440,143442,143444,143447],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,143441,145],{"class":144},[53,143443,127],{"class":66},[53,143445,143446],{"class":102},"clean_username",[53,143448,133],{"class":66},[20,143450,301],{},[44,143452,143454],{"className":46,"code":143453,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"sam\n",[15,143455,143456],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143457,143458],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143459,143453],{"class":59},[20,143461,143462],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[44,143464,143466],{"className":46,"code":143465,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,143467,143468,143481,143485,143507],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143469,143470,143472,143474,143476,143479],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143471,136313],{"class":59},[53,143473,31],{"class":63},[53,143475,240],{"class":228},[53,143477,143478],{"class":232}," yes  ",[53,143480,1682],{"class":228},[53,143482,143483],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,143484,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,143486,143487,143489,143491,143493,143495,143497,143499,143501,143503,143505],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,143488,6884],{"class":3764},[53,143490,136333],{"class":59},[53,143492,99],{"class":66},[53,143494,8521],{"class":102},[53,143496,7253],{"class":66},[53,143498,6295],{"class":63},[53,143500,240],{"class":228},[53,143502,8544],{"class":232},[53,143504,229],{"class":228},[53,143506,6280],{"class":66},[53,143508,143509,143511,143513,143515,143518,143520],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,143510,7954],{"class":144},[53,143512,127],{"class":66},[53,143514,229],{"class":228},[53,143516,143517],{"class":232},"Matched",[53,143519,229],{"class":228},[53,143521,133],{"class":66},[20,143523,301],{},[44,143525,143527],{"className":46,"code":143526,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Matched\n",[15,143528,143529],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143530,143531],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143532,143526],{"class":59},[20,143534,143535,143536,99],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[758,143537,143539],{"href":143538},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,143541,143542],{},"Example with file-style text:",[44,143544,143546],{"className":46,"code":143545,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,143547,143548,143564,143578],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143549,143550,143553,143555,143557,143560,143562],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143551,143552],{"class":59},"line ",[53,143554,31],{"class":63},[53,143556,240],{"class":228},[53,143558,143559],{"class":232},"Python basics",[53,143561,86868],{"class":34326},[53,143563,1682],{"class":228},[53,143565,143566,143568,143570,143572,143574,143576],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,143567,145],{"class":144},[53,143569,127],{"class":66},[53,143571,41651],{"class":144},[53,143573,127],{"class":66},[53,143575,55],{"class":102},[53,143577,1713],{"class":66},[53,143579,143580,143582,143584,143586,143588,143590,143592,143594],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,143581,145],{"class":144},[53,143583,127],{"class":66},[53,143585,41651],{"class":144},[53,143587,127],{"class":66},[53,143589,55],{"class":102},[53,143591,99],{"class":66},[53,143593,8521],{"class":102},[53,143595,6176],{"class":66},[20,143597,301],{},[44,143599,143601],{"className":46,"code":143600,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,143602,143603,143614],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143604,143605,143607,143609,143612],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143606,314],{"class":43200},[53,143608,143559],{"class":43204},[53,143610,86868],{"class":143611},"sfi6f",[53,143613,29571],{"class":43200},[53,143615,143616,143618,143620],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,143617,314],{"class":43200},[53,143619,143559],{"class":43204},[53,143621,29571],{"class":43200},[20,143623,485,143624,143626,143627,99],{},[15,143625,122284],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,143628,86868],{},[20,143630,143631,143632,99],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[758,143633,143634],{"href":87521},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[39,143636,143638],{"id":143637},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,143640,143641,143642,99],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,143643,143644],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,143646,143647],{},"Python will:",[194,143649,143650,143653,143656],{},[197,143651,143652],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[197,143654,143655],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[197,143657,143658],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,143660,211],{},[44,143662,143664],{"className":46,"code":143663,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143665,143666,143679],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143667,143668,143670,143672,143674,143677],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143669,34561],{"class":59},[53,143671,31],{"class":63},[53,143673,240],{"class":228},[53,143675,143676],{"class":232},"??hello!!",[53,143678,1682],{"class":228},[53,143680,143681,143683,143685,143687,143689,143691,143693,143695,143697,143699],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,143682,145],{"class":144},[53,143684,127],{"class":66},[53,143686,34582],{"class":102},[53,143688,99],{"class":66},[53,143690,8521],{"class":102},[53,143692,127],{"class":66},[53,143694,229],{"class":228},[53,143696,143339],{"class":232},[53,143698,229],{"class":228},[53,143700,1713],{"class":66},[20,143702,301],{},[44,143704,143705],{"className":46,"code":138385,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,143706,143707],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143708,143709],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143710,138385],{"class":59},[20,143712,51952],{},[44,143714,143716],{"className":46,"code":143715,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,143717,143718,143731],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143719,143720,143722,143724,143726,143729],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143721,34561],{"class":59},[53,143723,31],{"class":63},[53,143725,240],{"class":228},[53,143727,143728],{"class":232},"abcHelloCba",[53,143730,1682],{"class":228},[53,143732,143733,143735,143737,143739,143741,143743,143745,143747,143749,143751],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,143734,145],{"class":144},[53,143736,127],{"class":66},[53,143738,34582],{"class":102},[53,143740,99],{"class":66},[53,143742,8521],{"class":102},[53,143744,127],{"class":66},[53,143746,229],{"class":228},[53,143748,41432],{"class":232},[53,143750,229],{"class":228},[53,143752,1713],{"class":66},[20,143754,301],{},[44,143756,143758],{"className":46,"code":143757,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"HelloC\n",[15,143759,143760],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143761,143762],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143763,143757],{"class":59},[20,143765,6121],{},[20,143767,143768,32,143771,143773,143774,143776,143777,2076,143779,2080,143781,143783],{},[15,143769,143770],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[34,143772,36],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,143775,41432],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,143778,758],{},[15,143780,1376],{},[15,143782,9628],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,143785,143786],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,143788,143789,143790,1408],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[758,143791,143792],{"href":129651},[15,143793,124241],{},[39,143795,143797,10474,143799,10474,143802],{"id":143796},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,143798,41525],{},[15,143800,143801],{},"lstrip()",[15,143803,143804],{},"rstrip()",[20,143806,143807],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[194,143809,143810,143815,143820],{},[197,143811,143812,143814],{},[15,143813,41525],{}," removes from both ends",[197,143816,143817,143819],{},[15,143818,143801],{}," removes from the left side only",[197,143821,143822,143824],{},[15,143823,143804],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,143826,211],{},[44,143828,143830],{"className":46,"code":143829,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,143831,143832,143844,143848,143866,143885],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143833,143834,143836,143838,143840,143842],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143835,34561],{"class":59},[53,143837,31],{"class":63},[53,143839,240],{"class":228},[53,143841,143077],{"class":232},[53,143843,1682],{"class":228},[53,143845,143846],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,143847,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,143849,143850,143852,143854,143856,143858,143860,143862,143864],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,143851,145],{"class":144},[53,143853,127],{"class":66},[53,143855,41651],{"class":144},[53,143857,127],{"class":66},[53,143859,34582],{"class":102},[53,143861,99],{"class":66},[53,143863,8521],{"class":102},[53,143865,6176],{"class":66},[53,143867,143868,143870,143872,143874,143876,143878,143880,143883],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,143869,145],{"class":144},[53,143871,127],{"class":66},[53,143873,41651],{"class":144},[53,143875,127],{"class":66},[53,143877,34582],{"class":102},[53,143879,99],{"class":66},[53,143881,143882],{"class":102},"lstrip",[53,143884,6176],{"class":66},[53,143886,143887,143889,143891,143893,143895,143897,143899,143902],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,143888,145],{"class":144},[53,143890,127],{"class":66},[53,143892,41651],{"class":144},[53,143894,127],{"class":66},[53,143896,34582],{"class":102},[53,143898,99],{"class":66},[53,143900,143901],{"class":102},"rstrip",[53,143903,6176],{"class":66},[20,143905,301],{},[44,143907,143909],{"className":46,"code":143908,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,143910,143911,143919,143928],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143912,143913,143915,143917],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143914,314],{"class":43200},[53,143916,3732],{"class":43204},[53,143918,29571],{"class":43200},[53,143920,143921,143923,143926],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,143922,314],{"class":43200},[53,143924,143925],{"class":43204},"hello  ",[53,143927,29571],{"class":43200},[53,143929,143930,143932,143935],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,143931,314],{"class":43200},[53,143933,143934],{"class":43204},"  hello",[53,143936,29571],{"class":43200},[20,143938,143939],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[39,143941,108078],{"id":108077},[20,143943,143944],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[194,143946,143947,143955,143965,143968],{},[197,143948,143949,143951,143952,143954],{},[15,143950,143770],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,143953,41401],{}," once",[197,143956,143957,143958,2076,143960,2080,143962,143964],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,143959,758],{},[15,143961,1376],{},[15,143963,9628],{}," from both ends",[197,143966,143967],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[197,143969,143970],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,143972,211],{},[44,143974,143976],{"className":46,"code":143975,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,143977,143978,143991],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143979,143980,143982,143984,143986,143989],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143981,126153],{"class":59},[53,143983,31],{"class":63},[53,143985,240],{"class":228},[53,143987,143988],{"class":232},"txt_report.txt",[53,143990,1682],{"class":228},[53,143992,143993,143995,143997,143999,144001,144003,144005,144007,144009,144011],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,143994,145],{"class":144},[53,143996,127],{"class":66},[53,143998,126171],{"class":102},[53,144000,99],{"class":66},[53,144002,8521],{"class":102},[53,144004,127],{"class":66},[53,144006,229],{"class":228},[53,144008,126206],{"class":232},[53,144010,229],{"class":228},[53,144012,1713],{"class":66},[20,144014,301],{},[44,144016,144018],{"className":46,"code":144017,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"_report\n",[15,144019,144020],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144021,144022],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144023,144017],{"class":59},[20,144025,144026,144027,2076,144029,2080,144031,144033],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,144028,99],{},[15,144030,63001],{},[15,144032,2060],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,144035,973,144036,4669,144039,144041],{},[15,144037,144038],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[34,144040,36],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,144043,144044,144045,144049],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[758,144046,144047],{"href":129651},[15,144048,124241],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[39,144051,1145,144053],{"id":144052},"when-to-use-strip",[15,144054,41525],{},[20,144056,174,144057,144059],{},[15,144058,41525],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,144061,36299],{},[194,144063,144064,144068,144070,144073],{},[197,144065,143386,144066,3774],{},[15,144067,2845],{},[197,144069,143391],{},[197,144071,144072],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[197,144074,144075],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,144077,211],{},[44,144079,144081],{"className":46,"code":144080,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,144082,144083,144097,144101,144114],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144084,144085,144088,144090,144092,144095],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144086,144087],{"class":59},"email ",[53,144089,31],{"class":63},[53,144091,240],{"class":228},[53,144093,144094],{"class":232},"  user@example.com  ",[53,144096,1682],{"class":228},[53,144098,144099],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,144100,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,144102,144103,144105,144108,144110,144112],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,144104,6884],{"class":3764},[53,144106,144107],{"class":59}," email",[53,144109,99],{"class":66},[53,144111,8521],{"class":102},[53,144113,21464],{"class":66},[53,144115,144116,144118,144120,144122,144125,144127],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,144117,7954],{"class":144},[53,144119,127],{"class":66},[53,144121,229],{"class":228},[53,144123,144124],{"class":232},"Email was entered",[53,144126,229],{"class":228},[53,144128,133],{"class":66},[20,144130,301],{},[44,144132,144134],{"className":46,"code":144133,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Email was entered\n",[15,144135,144136],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144137,144138],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144139,144133],{"class":59},[20,144141,144142,144143,144145,144146,99],{},"You may also combine ",[15,144144,41525],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[758,144147,144148],{"href":123797},[15,144149,123800],{},[39,144151,2716],{"id":2715},[20,144153,83955],{},[194,144155,144156,144160,144165,144170],{},[197,144157,8339,144158,131290],{},[15,144159,41525],{},[197,144161,8339,144162,144164],{},[15,144163,41525],{}," to remove text from the middle",[197,144166,485,144167,144169],{},[15,144168,144038],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[197,144171,4590,144172,144175],{},[15,144173,144174],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,144177,144178],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[44,144180,144182],{"className":46,"code":144181,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,144183,144184,144198,144202,144212,144226,144240],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144185,144186,144188,144190,144192,144194,144196],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144187,34561],{"class":59},[53,144189,31],{"class":63},[53,144191,240],{"class":228},[53,144193,143934],{"class":232},[53,144195,86868],{"class":34326},[53,144197,1682],{"class":228},[53,144199,144200],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,144201,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,144203,144204,144206,144208,144210],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,144205,145],{"class":144},[53,144207,127],{"class":66},[53,144209,34582],{"class":102},[53,144211,133],{"class":66},[53,144213,144214,144216,144218,144220,144222,144224],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,144215,145],{"class":144},[53,144217,127],{"class":66},[53,144219,41651],{"class":144},[53,144221,127],{"class":66},[53,144223,34582],{"class":102},[53,144225,1713],{"class":66},[53,144227,144228,144230,144232,144234,144236,144238],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,144229,145],{"class":144},[53,144231,127],{"class":66},[53,144233,34582],{"class":102},[53,144235,99],{"class":66},[53,144237,8521],{"class":102},[53,144239,7081],{"class":66},[53,144241,144242,144244,144246,144248,144250,144252,144254,144256],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,144243,145],{"class":144},[53,144245,127],{"class":66},[53,144247,41651],{"class":144},[53,144249,127],{"class":66},[53,144251,34582],{"class":102},[53,144253,99],{"class":66},[53,144255,8521],{"class":102},[53,144257,6176],{"class":66},[20,144259,301],{},[44,144261,144263],{"className":46,"code":144262,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,144264,144265,144270,144274,144284,144288],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144266,144267],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144268,144269],{"class":59},"  hello\n",[53,144271,144272],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,144273,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,144275,144276,144278,144280,144282],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,144277,314],{"class":43200},[53,144279,143934],{"class":43204},[53,144281,86868],{"class":143611},[53,144283,29571],{"class":43200},[53,144285,144286],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,144287,138385],{"class":59},[53,144289,144290,144292,144294],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,144291,314],{"class":43200},[53,144293,3732],{"class":43204},[53,144295,29571],{"class":43200},[20,144297,144298],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[44,144300,144302],{"className":46,"code":144301,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,144303,144304,144314,144328,144342,144360],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144305,144306,144308,144310,144312],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144307,145],{"class":144},[53,144309,127],{"class":66},[53,144311,34582],{"class":102},[53,144313,133],{"class":66},[53,144315,144316,144318,144320,144322,144324,144326],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,144317,145],{"class":144},[53,144319,127],{"class":66},[53,144321,41651],{"class":144},[53,144323,127],{"class":66},[53,144325,34582],{"class":102},[53,144327,1713],{"class":66},[53,144329,144330,144332,144334,144336,144338,144340],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,144331,145],{"class":144},[53,144333,127],{"class":66},[53,144335,34582],{"class":102},[53,144337,99],{"class":66},[53,144339,8521],{"class":102},[53,144341,7081],{"class":66},[53,144343,144344,144346,144348,144350,144352,144354,144356,144358],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,144345,145],{"class":144},[53,144347,127],{"class":66},[53,144349,41651],{"class":144},[53,144351,127],{"class":66},[53,144353,34582],{"class":102},[53,144355,99],{"class":66},[53,144357,8521],{"class":102},[53,144359,6176],{"class":66},[53,144361,144362,144364,144366,144368,144370,144372],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,144363,32025],{"class":144},[53,144365,127],{"class":66},[53,144367,3330],{"class":1704},[53,144369,99],{"class":66},[53,144371,8521],{"class":24620},[53,144373,133],{"class":66},[20,144375,144376,144378],{},[15,144377,122284],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[39,144380,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,144382,1729,144384,144386],{"id":144383},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,144385,41525],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,144388,46237,144389,144391],{},[15,144390,41525],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[1327,144393,1729,144395,124397],{"id":144394},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,144396,41525],{},[20,144398,144399],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[1327,144401,5025,144403,144405],{"id":144402},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,144404,41525],{}," remove by default?",[20,144407,144408],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[1327,144410,34078,144412,34081,144414,1744],{"id":144411},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,144413,41525],{},[15,144415,124241],{},[20,144417,144418,144420,144421,144423],{},[15,144419,41525],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,144422,124241],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[1327,144425,144427],{"id":144426},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,144429,127943,144430,144432,144433,144435],{},[15,144431,143801],{}," for the left side and ",[15,144434,143804],{}," for the right side.",[39,144437,1788],{"id":1787},[194,144439,144440,144446,144452,144457,144462],{},[197,144441,144442],{},[758,144443,126070,144444,1316],{"href":123797},[15,144445,123800],{},[197,144447,144448],{},[758,144449,126070,144450,1316],{"href":129651},[15,144451,124241],{},[197,144453,144454],{},[758,144455,144456],{"href":143538},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[197,144458,144459],{},[758,144460,144461],{"href":87521},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[197,144463,144464],{},[758,144465,124825],{"href":50848},[1817,144467,144468],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":144470},[144471,144472,144474,144478,144480,144481,144483,144484,144486,144487,144498],{"id":3496,"depth":88,"text":3497},{"id":143123,"depth":88,"text":144473},"What strip() does",{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372,"children":144475},[144476,144477],{"id":143246,"depth":109,"text":143238},{"id":143297,"depth":109,"text":143243},{"id":143371,"depth":88,"text":144479},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143637,"depth":88,"text":143638},{"id":143796,"depth":88,"text":144482},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108077,"depth":88,"text":108078},{"id":144052,"depth":88,"text":144485},"When to use strip()",{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":144488},[144489,144491,144493,144495,144497],{"id":144383,"depth":109,"text":144490},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144394,"depth":109,"text":144492},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144402,"depth":109,"text":144494},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144411,"depth":109,"text":144496},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144426,"depth":109,"text":144427},{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143044,"description":144499},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144506,"title":144507,"body":144508,"description":145688,"extension":1853,"meta":145689,"navigation":112,"path":145690,"seo":145691,"stem":145692,"__hash__":145693},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144509,"toc":145658},[144510,144515,144520,144525,144527,144573,144581,144586,144600,144606,144608,144610,144625,144627,144637,144640,144671,144674,144697,144699,144702,144759,144761,144775,144777,144791,144797,144802,144805,144846,144848,144857,144865,144868,144913,144915,144924,144927,144931,144936,144950,144952,144984,144986,145006,145009,145014,145019,145021,145032,145035,145092,145094,145102,145111,145113,145115,145121,145123,145160,145162,145170,145172,145213,145215,145224,145229,145234,145236,145263,145270,145273,145304,145306,145315,145321,145330,145361,145363,145375,145388,145392,145397,145427,145429,145496,145498,145508,145510,145515,145518,145523,145528,145532,145538,145544,145547,145549,145607,145609,145617,145619,145655],[10,144511,123070,144513,18],{"id":144512},"python-string-upper-method",[15,144514,127948],{},[20,144516,123075,144517,144519],{},[15,144518,127948],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,144521,84332,144522,144524],{},[15,144523,127948],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[39,144526,42],{"id":41},[44,144528,144530],{"className":46,"code":144529,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144531,144532,144544,144558,144568],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144533,144534,144536,144538,144540,144542],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144535,34561],{"class":59},[53,144537,31],{"class":63},[53,144539,240],{"class":228},[53,144541,128789],{"class":232},[53,144543,1682],{"class":228},[53,144545,144546,144548,144550,144552,144554,144556],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,144547,2117],{"class":59},[53,144549,31],{"class":63},[53,144551,42713],{"class":59},[53,144553,99],{"class":66},[53,144555,34351],{"class":102},[53,144557,106],{"class":66},[53,144559,144560,144562,144564,144566],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,144561,145],{"class":144},[53,144563,127],{"class":66},[53,144565,2152],{"class":102},[53,144567,133],{"class":66},[53,144569,144570],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,144571,144572],{"class":156},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,144574,144575,144577,144578,144580],{},[15,144576,127948],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[34,144579,36],{}," change the original string in place.",[39,144582,184,144584,187],{"id":144583},"what-upper-does",[15,144585,127948],{},[194,144587,144588,144593,144596,144598],{},[197,144589,144590,144592],{},[15,144591,127948],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[197,144594,144595],{},"It works on string values only",[197,144597,133318],{},[197,144599,136036],{},[20,144601,124822,144602,2765,144604,99],{},[758,144603,136042],{"href":136041},[758,144605,124825],{"href":50848},[39,144607,372],{"id":371},[20,144609,375],{},[44,144611,144613],{"className":46,"code":144612,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"string.upper()\n",[15,144614,144615],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144616,144617,144619,144621,144623],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144618,60888],{"class":59},[53,144620,99],{"class":66},[53,144622,34351],{"class":102},[53,144624,106],{"class":66},[20,144626,11347],{},[194,144628,144629,144631,144634],{},[197,144630,97243],{},[197,144632,144633],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[197,144635,144636],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,144638,144639],{},"Example with a variable:",[44,144641,144643],{"className":46,"code":144642,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,144644,144645,144657],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144646,144647,144649,144651,144653,144655],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144648,1672],{"class":59},[53,144650,31],{"class":63},[53,144652,240],{"class":228},[53,144654,48],{"class":232},[53,144656,1682],{"class":228},[53,144658,144659,144661,144663,144665,144667,144669],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,144660,145],{"class":144},[53,144662,127],{"class":66},[53,144664,1710],{"class":102},[53,144666,99],{"class":66},[53,144668,34351],{"class":102},[53,144670,7081],{"class":66},[20,144672,144673],{},"Example with a string literal:",[44,144675,144677],{"className":46,"code":144676,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,144678,144679],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144680,144681,144683,144685,144687,144689,144691,144693,144695],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144682,145],{"class":144},[53,144684,127],{"class":66},[53,144686,229],{"class":228},[53,144688,3732],{"class":232},[53,144690,229],{"class":228},[53,144692,99],{"class":66},[53,144694,34351],{"class":102},[53,144696,7081],{"class":66},[39,144698,11364],{"id":11363},[20,144700,144701],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[44,144703,144705],{"className":46,"code":144704,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,144706,144707,144719,144734,144738,144748],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144708,144709,144711,144713,144715,144717],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144710,6040],{"class":59},[53,144712,31],{"class":63},[53,144714,240],{"class":228},[53,144716,243],{"class":232},[53,144718,1682],{"class":228},[53,144720,144721,144724,144726,144728,144730,144732],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,144722,144723],{"class":59},"uppercase_word ",[53,144725,31],{"class":63},[53,144727,38255],{"class":59},[53,144729,99],{"class":66},[53,144731,34351],{"class":102},[53,144733,106],{"class":66},[53,144735,144736],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,144737,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,144739,144740,144742,144744,144746],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,144741,145],{"class":144},[53,144743,127],{"class":66},[53,144745,38265],{"class":102},[53,144747,133],{"class":66},[53,144749,144750,144752,144754,144757],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,144751,145],{"class":144},[53,144753,127],{"class":66},[53,144755,144756],{"class":102},"uppercase_word",[53,144758,133],{"class":66},[20,144760,301],{},[44,144762,144764],{"className":46,"code":144763,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,144765,144766,144770],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144767,144768],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144769,70121],{"class":59},[53,144771,144772],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,144773,144774],{"class":34326},"BANANA\n",[20,144776,112184],{},[194,144778,144779,144784],{},[197,144780,144781,144783],{},[15,144782,38265],{}," keeps its original value",[197,144785,144786,144788,144789],{},[15,144787,144756],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,144790,127948],{},[39,144792,144794,144796],{"id":144793},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,144795,127948],{}," does not change the original string",[20,144798,136702,144799,144801],{},[34,144800,136705],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,144803,144804],{},"So this method:",[44,144806,144808],{"className":46,"code":144807,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144809,144810,144822,144832,144836],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144811,144812,144814,144816,144818,144820],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144813,1672],{"class":59},[53,144815,31],{"class":63},[53,144817,240],{"class":228},[53,144819,17671],{"class":232},[53,144821,1682],{"class":228},[53,144823,144824,144826,144828,144830],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,144825,1710],{"class":59},[53,144827,99],{"class":66},[53,144829,34351],{"class":102},[53,144831,106],{"class":66},[53,144833,144834],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,144835,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,144837,144838,144840,144842,144844],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,144839,145],{"class":144},[53,144841,127],{"class":66},[53,144843,1710],{"class":102},[53,144845,133],{"class":66},[20,144847,301],{},[44,144849,144851],{"className":46,"code":144850,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"alice\n",[15,144852,144853],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144854,144855],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144856,144850],{"class":59},[20,144858,20846,144859,144861,144862,144864],{},[15,144860,127948],{}," was called, ",[15,144863,1710],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,144866,144867],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[44,144869,144871],{"className":46,"code":144870,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144872,144873,144885,144899,144903],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144874,144875,144877,144879,144881,144883],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144876,1672],{"class":59},[53,144878,31],{"class":63},[53,144880,240],{"class":228},[53,144882,17671],{"class":232},[53,144884,1682],{"class":228},[53,144886,144887,144889,144891,144893,144895,144897],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,144888,1672],{"class":59},[53,144890,31],{"class":63},[53,144892,35867],{"class":59},[53,144894,99],{"class":66},[53,144896,34351],{"class":102},[53,144898,106],{"class":66},[53,144900,144901],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,144902,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,144904,144905,144907,144909,144911],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,144906,145],{"class":144},[53,144908,127],{"class":66},[53,144910,1710],{"class":102},[53,144912,133],{"class":66},[20,144914,301],{},[44,144916,144918],{"className":46,"code":144917,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"ALICE\n",[15,144919,144920],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144921,144922],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144923,144917],{"class":34326},[20,144925,144926],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[39,144928,144930],{"id":144929},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,144932,144933,144935],{},[15,144934,127948],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[194,144937,144938,144941,144944,144947],{},[197,144939,144940],{},"Numbers stay the same",[197,144942,144943],{},"Spaces stay the same",[197,144945,144946],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[197,144948,144949],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,144951,211],{},[44,144953,144955],{"className":46,"code":144954,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,144956,144957,144970],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144958,144959,144961,144963,144965,144968],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144960,34561],{"class":59},[53,144962,31],{"class":63},[53,144964,240],{"class":228},[53,144966,144967],{"class":232},"Room 7, table #3!",[53,144969,1682],{"class":228},[53,144971,144972,144974,144976,144978,144980,144982],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,144973,145],{"class":144},[53,144975,127],{"class":66},[53,144977,34582],{"class":102},[53,144979,99],{"class":66},[53,144981,34351],{"class":102},[53,144983,7081],{"class":66},[20,144985,301],{},[44,144987,144989],{"className":46,"code":144988,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,144990,144991],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144992,144993,144996,144998,145000,145003],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144994,144995],{"class":34326},"ROOM",[53,144997,5879],{"class":70},[53,144999,74],{"class":66},[53,145001,145002],{"class":34326}," TABLE",[53,145004,145005],{"class":156}," #3!\n",[20,145007,145008],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[39,145010,1145,145012],{"id":145011},"when-to-use-upper",[15,145013,127948],{},[20,145015,145016,145018],{},[15,145017,127948],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,145020,48212],{},[194,145022,145023,145026,145029],{},[197,145024,145025],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[197,145027,145028],{},"Format labels or headings",[197,145030,145031],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,145033,145034],{},"Example: simple comparison",[44,145036,145038],{"className":46,"code":145037,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,145039,145040,145052,145056,145078],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145041,145042,145044,145046,145048,145050],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145043,136313],{"class":59},[53,145045,31],{"class":63},[53,145047,240],{"class":228},[53,145049,8544],{"class":232},[53,145051,1682],{"class":228},[53,145053,145054],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,145055,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,145057,145058,145060,145062,145064,145066,145068,145070,145072,145074,145076],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,145059,6884],{"class":3764},[53,145061,136333],{"class":59},[53,145063,99],{"class":66},[53,145065,34351],{"class":102},[53,145067,7253],{"class":66},[53,145069,6295],{"class":63},[53,145071,240],{"class":228},[53,145073,136320],{"class":232},[53,145075,229],{"class":228},[53,145077,6280],{"class":66},[53,145079,145080,145082,145084,145086,145088,145090],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,145081,7954],{"class":144},[53,145083,127],{"class":66},[53,145085,229],{"class":228},[53,145087,143517],{"class":232},[53,145089,229],{"class":228},[53,145091,133],{"class":66},[20,145093,301],{},[44,145095,145096],{"className":46,"code":143526,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,145097,145098],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145099,145100],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145101,143526],{"class":59},[20,145103,145104,145105,2076,145107,2080,145109,99],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,145106,8544],{},[15,145108,137106],{},[15,145110,136320],{},[39,145112,2716],{"id":2715},[1327,145114,95604],{"id":95603},[20,145116,8002,145117,145120],{},[15,145118,145119],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,145122,16514],{},[44,145124,145126],{"className":46,"code":145125,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145127,145128,145140,145150],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145129,145130,145132,145134,145136,145138],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145131,34561],{"class":59},[53,145133,31],{"class":63},[53,145135,240],{"class":228},[53,145137,3732],{"class":232},[53,145139,1682],{"class":228},[53,145141,145142,145144,145146,145148],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,145143,34582],{"class":59},[53,145145,99],{"class":66},[53,145147,34351],{"class":102},[53,145149,106],{"class":66},[53,145151,145152,145154,145156,145158],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,145153,145],{"class":144},[53,145155,127],{"class":66},[53,145157,34582],{"class":102},[53,145159,133],{"class":66},[20,145161,301],{},[44,145163,145164],{"className":46,"code":138385,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,145165,145166],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145167,145168],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145169,138385],{"class":59},[20,145171,1015],{},[44,145173,145175],{"className":46,"code":145174,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145176,145177,145189,145203],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145178,145179,145181,145183,145185,145187],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145180,34561],{"class":59},[53,145182,31],{"class":63},[53,145184,240],{"class":228},[53,145186,3732],{"class":232},[53,145188,1682],{"class":228},[53,145190,145191,145193,145195,145197,145199,145201],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,145192,34561],{"class":59},[53,145194,31],{"class":63},[53,145196,42713],{"class":59},[53,145198,99],{"class":66},[53,145200,34351],{"class":102},[53,145202,106],{"class":66},[53,145204,145205,145207,145209,145211],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,145206,145],{"class":144},[53,145208,127],{"class":66},[53,145210,34582],{"class":102},[53,145212,133],{"class":66},[20,145214,301],{},[44,145216,145218],{"className":46,"code":145217,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"HELLO\n",[15,145219,145220],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145221,145222],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145223,145217],{"class":34326},[1327,145225,18775,145227,136992],{"id":145226},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,145228,127948],{},[20,145230,145231,145233],{},[15,145232,127948],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,145235,211],{},[44,145237,145239],{"className":46,"code":145238,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,145240,145241,145249],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145242,145243,145245,145247],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145244,2104],{"class":59},[53,145246,31],{"class":63},[53,145248,124752],{"class":70},[53,145250,145251,145253,145255,145257,145259,145261],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,145252,145],{"class":144},[53,145254,127],{"class":66},[53,145256,2127],{"class":102},[53,145258,99],{"class":66},[53,145260,34351],{"class":102},[53,145262,7081],{"class":66},[20,145264,39526,145265,145267,145268,33473],{},[15,145266,2075],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,145269,127948],{},[20,145271,145272],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[44,145274,145276],{"className":46,"code":145275,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,145277,145278,145286],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145279,145280,145282,145284],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145281,2104],{"class":59},[53,145283,31],{"class":63},[53,145285,124752],{"class":70},[53,145287,145288,145290,145292,145294,145296,145298,145300,145302],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,145289,145],{"class":144},[53,145291,127],{"class":66},[53,145293,3330],{"class":1704},[53,145295,127],{"class":66},[53,145297,2127],{"class":102},[53,145299,8518],{"class":66},[53,145301,34351],{"class":102},[53,145303,7081],{"class":66},[20,145305,301],{},[44,145307,145309],{"className":46,"code":145308,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"123\n",[15,145310,145311],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145312,145313],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145314,145308],{"class":70},[1327,145316,37078,145318,145320],{"id":145317},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,145319,127948],{}," with title case",[20,145322,145323,145325,145326,145329],{},[15,145324,127948],{}," makes ",[34,145327,145328],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[44,145331,145333],{"className":46,"code":145332,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145334,145335,145347],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145336,145337,145339,145341,145343,145345],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145338,34561],{"class":59},[53,145340,31],{"class":63},[53,145342,240],{"class":228},[53,145344,60120],{"class":232},[53,145346,1682],{"class":228},[53,145348,145349,145351,145353,145355,145357,145359],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,145350,145],{"class":144},[53,145352,127],{"class":66},[53,145354,34582],{"class":102},[53,145356,99],{"class":66},[53,145358,34351],{"class":102},[53,145360,7081],{"class":66},[20,145362,301],{},[44,145364,145366],{"className":46,"code":145365,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145367,145368],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145369,145370,145372],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145371,136094],{"class":34326},[53,145373,145374],{"class":34326}," WORLD\n",[20,145376,145377,145378,145382,145383,145387],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[758,145379,145380],{"href":123797},[15,145381,123800],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[758,145384,145385],{"href":129651},[15,145386,124241],{}," changes parts of a string.",[39,145389,145391],{"id":145390},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,145393,145394,145395,192],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,145396,127948],{},[194,145398,145399,145406,145413,145420],{},[197,145400,145401,145405],{},[758,145402,145403],{"href":123797},[15,145404,123800],{}," for lowercase text",[197,145407,145408,145412],{},[758,145409,145410],{"href":136640},[15,145411,41525],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[197,145414,145415,145419],{},[758,145416,145417],{"href":129651},[15,145418,124241],{}," for changing parts of a string",[197,145421,145422,960,145424,145426],{},[15,145423,127438],{},[15,145425,126128],{}," for checks",[20,145428,211],{},[44,145430,145432],{"className":46,"code":145431,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,145433,145434,145446,145450,145465,145481,145485],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145435,145436,145438,145440,145442,145444],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145437,34561],{"class":59},[53,145439,31],{"class":63},[53,145441,240],{"class":228},[53,145443,143168],{"class":232},[53,145445,1682],{"class":228},[53,145447,145448],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,145449,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,145451,145452,145455,145457,145459,145461,145463],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,145453,145454],{"class":59},"cleaned ",[53,145456,31],{"class":63},[53,145458,42713],{"class":59},[53,145460,99],{"class":66},[53,145462,8521],{"class":102},[53,145464,106],{"class":66},[53,145466,145467,145470,145472,145475,145477,145479],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,145468,145469],{"class":59},"loud ",[53,145471,31],{"class":63},[53,145473,145474],{"class":59}," cleaned",[53,145476,99],{"class":66},[53,145478,34351],{"class":102},[53,145480,106],{"class":66},[53,145482,145483],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,145484,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,145486,145487,145489,145491,145494],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,145488,145],{"class":144},[53,145490,127],{"class":66},[53,145492,145493],{"class":102},"loud",[53,145495,133],{"class":66},[20,145497,301],{},[44,145499,145500],{"className":46,"code":145365,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,145501,145502],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145503,145504,145506],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145505,136094],{"class":34326},[53,145507,145374],{"class":34326},[39,145509,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,145511,1729,145513,124397],{"id":145512},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,145514,127948],{},[20,145516,145517],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[1327,145519,1729,145521,137374],{"id":145520},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,145522,127948],{},[20,145524,145525,145526,99],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,145527,145119],{},[1327,145529,145531],{"id":145530},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,145533,145534,145535,145537],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,145536,127948],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[1327,145539,28199,145541,145543],{"id":145540},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,145542,127948],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,145545,145546],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,145548,211],{},[44,145550,145552],{"className":46,"code":145551,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,145553,145554,145566,145579,145583],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145555,145556,145558,145560,145562,145564],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145557,1345],{"class":59},[53,145559,31],{"class":63},[53,145561,240],{"class":228},[53,145563,48],{"class":232},[53,145565,1682],{"class":228},[53,145567,145568,145570,145572,145574,145577],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,145569,1366],{"class":59},[53,145571,31],{"class":63},[53,145573,240],{"class":228},[53,145575,145576],{"class":232},"PYTHON",[53,145578,1682],{"class":228},[53,145580,145581],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,145582,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,145584,145585,145587,145589,145591,145593,145595,145597,145599,145601,145603,145605],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,145586,145],{"class":144},[53,145588,127],{"class":66},[53,145590,758],{"class":102},[53,145592,99],{"class":66},[53,145594,34351],{"class":102},[53,145596,7253],{"class":66},[53,145598,6295],{"class":63},[53,145600,2445],{"class":102},[53,145602,99],{"class":66},[53,145604,34351],{"class":102},[53,145606,7081],{"class":66},[20,145608,301],{},[44,145610,145611],{"className":46,"code":3868,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,145612,145613],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145614,145615],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145616,3868],{"class":3739},[39,145618,1788],{"id":1787},[194,145620,145621,145625,145631,145637,145643,145647,145651],{},[197,145622,145623],{},[758,145624,124825],{"href":50848},[197,145626,145627],{},[758,145628,126070,145629,1316],{"href":123797},[15,145630,123800],{},[197,145632,145633],{},[758,145634,126070,145635,1316],{"href":136640},[15,145636,41525],{},[197,145638,145639],{},[758,145640,126070,145641,1316],{"href":129651},[15,145642,124241],{},[197,145644,145645],{},[758,145646,90398],{"href":89407},[197,145648,145649],{},[758,145650,124469],{"href":123325},[197,145652,145653],{},[758,145654,137460],{"href":136041},[1817,145656,145657],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":145659},[145660,145661,145663,145664,145665,145667,145668,145670,145677,145678,145687],{"id":41,"depth":88,"text":42},{"id":144583,"depth":88,"text":145662},"What upper() does",{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372},{"id":11363,"depth":88,"text":11364},{"id":144793,"depth":88,"text":145666},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":144929,"depth":88,"text":144930},{"id":145011,"depth":88,"text":145669},"When to use upper()",{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716,"children":145671},[145672,145673,145675],{"id":95603,"depth":109,"text":95604},{"id":145226,"depth":109,"text":145674},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145317,"depth":109,"text":145676},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145390,"depth":88,"text":145391},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":145679},[145680,145682,145684,145685],{"id":145512,"depth":109,"text":145681},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145520,"depth":109,"text":145683},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145530,"depth":109,"text":145531},{"id":145540,"depth":109,"text":145686},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144507,"description":145688},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145695,"title":145696,"body":145697,"description":147574,"extension":1853,"meta":147575,"navigation":112,"path":147576,"seo":147577,"stem":147578,"__hash__":147579},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145698,"toc":147524},[145699,145705,145712,145718,145720,145776,145781,145786,145791,145794,145813,145816,145818,145842,145860,145871,145873,145876,145929,145931,145939,145941,145959,145964,145967,146024,146026,146035,146038,146058,146061,146067,146072,146074,146117,146119,146127,146130,146171,146173,146182,146188,146194,146221,146223,146231,146236,146240,146252,146295,146297,146305,146310,146316,146321,146325,146327,146370,146373,146420,146422,146431,146438,146442,146445,146491,146496,146500,146502,146545,146548,146556,146558,146563,146565,146567,146586,146589,146601,146603,146622,146624,146632,146636,146638,146689,146692,146767,146769,146777,146780,146784,146786,146833,146836,146907,146909,146917,146923,146925,147000,147004,147083,147085,147093,147099,147105,147110,147115,147164,147168,147239,147242,147247,147258,147261,147272,147282,147284,147289,147314,147319,147400,147402,147427,147429,147434,147437,147443,147452,147458,147461,147467,147473,147480,147483,147485,147521],[10,145700,3463,145702,3467],{"id":145701},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,145703,145704],{},"sum()",[20,145706,9010,145707,145709,145710,24634],{},[15,145708,145704],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,145711,59712],{},[20,145713,145714,145715,145717],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,145716,35948],{}," value and a few important limits.",[39,145719,42],{"id":41},[44,145721,145723],{"className":46,"code":145722,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,145724,145725,145749,145764],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145726,145727,145729,145731,145733,145735,145737,145739,145741,145743,145745,145747],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145728,60],{"class":59},[53,145730,31],{"class":63},[53,145732,67],{"class":66},[53,145734,71],{"class":70},[53,145736,74],{"class":66},[53,145738,77],{"class":70},[53,145740,74],{"class":66},[53,145742,82],{"class":70},[53,145744,74],{"class":66},[53,145746,597],{"class":70},[53,145748,85],{"class":66},[53,145750,145751,145753,145755,145758,145760,145762],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,145752,41054],{"class":59},[53,145754,31],{"class":63},[53,145756,145757],{"class":144}," sum",[53,145759,127],{"class":66},[53,145761,150],{"class":102},[53,145763,133],{"class":66},[53,145765,145766,145768,145770,145772,145774],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,145767,145],{"class":144},[53,145769,127],{"class":66},[53,145771,41083],{"class":102},[53,145773,153],{"class":66},[53,145775,26665],{"class":156},[20,145777,174,145778,145780],{},[15,145779,145704],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[39,145782,184,145784,187],{"id":145783},"what-sum-does",[15,145785,145704],{},[20,145787,145788,145790],{},[15,145789,145704],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,145792,145793],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[194,145795,145796,145799,145802,145807],{},[197,145797,145798],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[197,145800,145801],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[197,145803,145804,145805],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,145806,36073],{},[197,145808,145809,145810,145812],{},"Counting ",[15,145811,3492],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,145814,145815],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[39,145817,372],{"id":371},[44,145819,145821],{"className":46,"code":145820,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,145822,145823],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145824,145825,145828,145830,145832,145834,145836,145838,145840],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145826,145827],{"class":144},"sum",[53,145829,127],{"class":66},[53,145831,3606],{"class":102},[53,145833,74],{"class":66},[53,145835,35927],{"class":9063},[53,145837,31],{"class":63},[53,145839,852],{"class":70},[53,145841,133],{"class":66},[194,145843,145844,145849,145854],{},[197,145845,145846,145848],{},[15,145847,3606],{}," is the group of values to add",[197,145850,145851,145853],{},[15,145852,35948],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[197,145855,145856,145857],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,145858,145859],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,145861,145862,145863,145866,145867,99],{},"If you are new to the word ",[145864,145865,3606],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[758,145868,145869,24487],{"href":36070},[15,145870,36073],{},[39,145872,11364],{"id":11363},[20,145874,145875],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[44,145877,145879],{"className":46,"code":145878,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145880,145881,145901,145915,145919],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145882,145883,145885,145887,145889,145891,145893,145895,145897,145899],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145884,60],{"class":59},[53,145886,31],{"class":63},[53,145888,67],{"class":66},[53,145890,2024],{"class":70},[53,145892,74],{"class":66},[53,145894,5890],{"class":70},[53,145896,74],{"class":66},[53,145898,37811],{"class":70},[53,145900,85],{"class":66},[53,145902,145903,145905,145907,145909,145911,145913],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,145904,41054],{"class":59},[53,145906,31],{"class":63},[53,145908,145757],{"class":144},[53,145910,127],{"class":66},[53,145912,150],{"class":102},[53,145914,133],{"class":66},[53,145916,145917],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,145918,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,145920,145921,145923,145925,145927],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,145922,145],{"class":144},[53,145924,127],{"class":66},[53,145926,41083],{"class":102},[53,145928,133],{"class":66},[20,145930,301],{},[44,145932,145933],{"className":46,"code":69555,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,145934,145935],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145936,145937],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145938,69555],{"class":70},[20,145940,11573],{},[194,145942,145943,145948,145954],{},[197,145944,145945,145947],{},[15,145946,150],{}," contains three integers",[197,145949,145950,145953],{},[15,145951,145952],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[197,145955,145956,145957],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,145958,41083],{},[39,145960,36486,145962,8319],{"id":145961},"using-the-start-value",[15,145963,35948],{},[20,145965,145966],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[44,145968,145970],{"className":46,"code":145969,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145971,145972,145992,146010,146014],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145973,145974,145976,145978,145980,145982,145984,145986,145988,145990],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145975,60],{"class":59},[53,145977,31],{"class":63},[53,145979,67],{"class":66},[53,145981,71],{"class":70},[53,145983,74],{"class":66},[53,145985,77],{"class":70},[53,145987,74],{"class":66},[53,145989,82],{"class":70},[53,145991,85],{"class":66},[53,145993,145994,145996,145998,146000,146002,146004,146006,146008],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,145995,41054],{"class":59},[53,145997,31],{"class":63},[53,145999,145757],{"class":144},[53,146001,127],{"class":66},[53,146003,150],{"class":102},[53,146005,74],{"class":66},[53,146007,5890],{"class":70},[53,146009,133],{"class":66},[53,146011,146012],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,146013,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,146015,146016,146018,146020,146022],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,146017,145],{"class":144},[53,146019,127],{"class":66},[53,146021,41083],{"class":102},[53,146023,133],{"class":66},[20,146025,301],{},[44,146027,146029],{"className":46,"code":146028,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"16\n",[15,146030,146031],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146032,146033],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146034,146028],{"class":70},[20,146036,146037],{},"This works like:",[194,146039,146040,146045,146050,146054],{},[197,146041,146042,146043],{},"Start at ",[15,146044,1188],{},[197,146046,146047,146048],{},"Add ",[15,146049,71],{},[197,146051,146047,146052],{},[15,146053,1589],{},[197,146055,146047,146056],{},[15,146057,815],{},[20,146059,146060],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[39,146062,184,146064,146066],{"id":146063},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,146065,145704],{}," can work with",[20,146068,146069,146071],{},[15,146070,145704],{}," works with numeric values.",[1327,146073,40298],{"id":40297},[44,146075,146077],{"className":46,"code":146076,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146078,146079,146103],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146080,146081,146083,146085,146087,146089,146091,146093,146095,146097,146099,146101],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146082,3709],{"class":59},[53,146084,31],{"class":63},[53,146086,67],{"class":66},[53,146088,71],{"class":70},[53,146090,74],{"class":66},[53,146092,77],{"class":70},[53,146094,74],{"class":66},[53,146096,82],{"class":70},[53,146098,74],{"class":66},[53,146100,597],{"class":70},[53,146102,85],{"class":66},[53,146104,146105,146107,146109,146111,146113,146115],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,146106,145],{"class":144},[53,146108,127],{"class":66},[53,146110,145827],{"class":144},[53,146112,127],{"class":66},[53,146114,5242],{"class":102},[53,146116,1713],{"class":66},[20,146118,301],{},[44,146120,146121],{"className":46,"code":2264,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,146122,146123],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146124,146125],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146126,2264],{"class":70},[1327,146128,146129],{"id":51918},"Floats",[44,146131,146133],{"className":46,"code":146132,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,146134,146135,146157],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146136,146137,146139,146141,146143,146145,146147,146150,146152,146155],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146138,82763],{"class":59},[53,146140,31],{"class":63},[53,146142,67],{"class":66},[53,146144,41030],{"class":70},[53,146146,74],{"class":66},[53,146148,146149],{"class":70}," 3.75",[53,146151,74],{"class":66},[53,146153,146154],{"class":70}," 1.25",[53,146156,85],{"class":66},[53,146158,146159,146161,146163,146165,146167,146169],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,146160,145],{"class":144},[53,146162,127],{"class":66},[53,146164,145827],{"class":144},[53,146166,127],{"class":66},[53,146168,82799],{"class":102},[53,146170,1713],{"class":66},[20,146172,301],{},[44,146174,146176],{"className":46,"code":146175,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"7.5\n",[15,146177,146178],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146179,146180],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146181,146175],{"class":70},[20,146183,146184,146185,99],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[758,146186,146187],{"href":2307},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[1327,146189,146191,146192],{"id":146190},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,146193,36073],{},[44,146195,146197],{"className":46,"code":146196,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,146198,146199],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146200,146201,146203,146205,146207,146209,146211,146213,146215,146217,146219],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146202,145],{"class":144},[53,146204,127],{"class":66},[53,146206,145827],{"class":144},[53,146208,127],{"class":66},[53,146210,59712],{"class":144},[53,146212,127],{"class":66},[53,146214,71],{"class":70},[53,146216,74],{"class":66},[53,146218,37518],{"class":70},[53,146220,2799],{"class":66},[20,146222,301],{},[44,146224,146225],{"className":46,"code":46913,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,146226,146227],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146228,146229],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146230,46913],{"class":70},[20,146232,113274,146233,99],{},[15,146234,146235],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[1327,146237,146239],{"id":146238},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,146241,146242,146243,146245,146246,960,146248,146245,146250,99],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,146244,3492],{}," acts like ",[15,146247,71],{},[15,146249,3560],{},[15,146251,852],{},[44,146253,146255],{"className":46,"code":146254,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,146256,146257,146281],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146258,146259,146261,146263,146265,146267,146269,146271,146273,146275,146277,146279],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146260,51838],{"class":59},[53,146262,31],{"class":63},[53,146264,67],{"class":66},[53,146266,3492],{"class":3739},[53,146268,74],{"class":66},[53,146270,3795],{"class":3739},[53,146272,74],{"class":66},[53,146274,3804],{"class":3739},[53,146276,74],{"class":66},[53,146278,3804],{"class":3739},[53,146280,85],{"class":66},[53,146282,146283,146285,146287,146289,146291,146293],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,146284,145],{"class":144},[53,146286,127],{"class":66},[53,146288,145827],{"class":144},[53,146290,127],{"class":66},[53,146292,51891],{"class":102},[53,146294,1713],{"class":66},[20,146296,301],{},[44,146298,146299],{"className":46,"code":46489,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,146300,146301],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146302,146303],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146304,46489],{"class":70},[20,146306,146307,146308,99],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,146309,3492],{},[39,146311,184,146313,146315],{"id":146312},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,146314,145704],{}," does not work with",[20,146317,146318,146320],{},[15,146319,145704],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[1327,146322,146324],{"id":146323},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,146326,2723],{},[44,146328,146330],{"className":46,"code":146329,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,146331,146332,146356],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146333,146334,146336,146338,146340,146342,146344,146346,146348,146350,146352,146354],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146335,3959],{"class":59},[53,146337,31],{"class":63},[53,146339,67],{"class":66},[53,146341,229],{"class":228},[53,146343,3732],{"class":232},[53,146345,229],{"class":228},[53,146347,74],{"class":66},[53,146349,240],{"class":228},[53,146351,60305],{"class":232},[53,146353,229],{"class":228},[53,146355,85],{"class":66},[53,146357,146358,146360,146362,146364,146366,146368],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,146359,145],{"class":144},[53,146361,127],{"class":66},[53,146363,145827],{"class":144},[53,146365,127],{"class":66},[53,146367,4001],{"class":102},[53,146369,1713],{"class":66},[20,146371,146372],{},"Use string joining instead:",[44,146374,146376],{"className":46,"code":146375,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,146377,146378,146402],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146379,146380,146382,146384,146386,146388,146390,146392,146394,146396,146398,146400],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146381,3959],{"class":59},[53,146383,31],{"class":63},[53,146385,67],{"class":66},[53,146387,229],{"class":228},[53,146389,3732],{"class":232},[53,146391,229],{"class":228},[53,146393,74],{"class":66},[53,146395,240],{"class":228},[53,146397,60305],{"class":232},[53,146399,229],{"class":228},[53,146401,85],{"class":66},[53,146403,146404,146406,146408,146410,146412,146414,146416,146418],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,146405,145],{"class":144},[53,146407,127],{"class":66},[53,146409,6158],{"class":228},[53,146411,99],{"class":66},[53,146413,133229],{"class":102},[53,146415,127],{"class":66},[53,146417,4001],{"class":102},[53,146419,1713],{"class":66},[20,146421,301],{},[44,146423,146425],{"className":46,"code":146424,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"helloworld\n",[15,146426,146427],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146428,146429],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146430,146424],{"class":59},[20,146432,146433,146434,99],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[758,146435,146436,5668],{"href":42046},[15,146437,47556],{},[1327,146439,146441],{"id":146440},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,146443,146444],{},"This also causes an error:",[44,146446,146448],{"className":46,"code":146447,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,146449,146450,146477],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146451,146452,146455,146457,146459,146461,146463,146465,146467,146469,146471,146473,146475],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146453,146454],{"class":59},"lists ",[53,146456,31],{"class":63},[53,146458,801],{"class":66},[53,146460,71],{"class":70},[53,146462,74],{"class":66},[53,146464,77],{"class":70},[53,146466,810],{"class":66},[53,146468,67],{"class":66},[53,146470,815],{"class":70},[53,146472,74],{"class":66},[53,146474,597],{"class":70},[53,146476,822],{"class":66},[53,146478,146479,146481,146483,146485,146487,146489],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,146480,145],{"class":144},[53,146482,127],{"class":66},[53,146484,145827],{"class":144},[53,146486,127],{"class":66},[53,146488,5183],{"class":102},[53,146490,1713],{"class":66},[20,146492,146493,146495],{},[15,146494,145704],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[1327,146497,146499],{"id":146498},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,146501,5356],{},[44,146503,146505],{"className":46,"code":146504,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146506,146507,146531],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146508,146509,146511,146513,146515,146517,146519,146521,146523,146525,146527,146529],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146510,3709],{"class":59},[53,146512,31],{"class":63},[53,146514,67],{"class":66},[53,146516,71],{"class":70},[53,146518,74],{"class":66},[53,146520,77],{"class":70},[53,146522,74],{"class":66},[53,146524,240],{"class":228},[53,146526,815],{"class":232},[53,146528,229],{"class":228},[53,146530,85],{"class":66},[53,146532,146533,146535,146537,146539,146541,146543],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,146534,145],{"class":144},[53,146536,127],{"class":66},[53,146538,145827],{"class":144},[53,146540,127],{"class":66},[53,146542,5242],{"class":102},[53,146544,1713],{"class":66},[20,146546,146547],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,146549,146550,146551,146553,146554,99],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,146552,65660],{},", convert them first. See ",[758,146555,2850],{"href":2849},[39,146557,41376],{"id":41375},[20,146559,146560,146561,99],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,146562,145704],{},[1327,146564,6411],{"id":6410},[20,146566,4411],{},[44,146568,146570],{"className":46,"code":146569,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,146571,146572],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146573,146574,146576,146578,146580,146582,146584],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146575,145],{"class":144},[53,146577,127],{"class":66},[53,146579,145827],{"class":144},[53,146581,127],{"class":66},[53,146583,2024],{"class":70},[53,146585,1713],{"class":66},[20,146587,146588],{},"Why it fails:",[194,146590,146591,146596],{},[197,146592,146593,146595],{},[15,146594,2024],{}," is a single integer",[197,146597,146598,146600],{},[15,146599,145704],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,146602,6441],{},[44,146604,146606],{"className":46,"code":146605,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,146607,146608],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146609,146610,146612,146614,146616,146618,146620],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146611,145],{"class":144},[53,146613,127],{"class":66},[53,146615,145827],{"class":144},[53,146617,2873],{"class":66},[53,146619,2024],{"class":70},[53,146621,2886],{"class":66},[20,146623,301],{},[44,146625,146626],{"className":46,"code":2834,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,146627,146628],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146629,146630],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146631,2834],{"class":70},[1327,146633,146635],{"id":146634},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,146637,4411],{},[44,146639,146641],{"className":46,"code":146640,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146642,146643,146675],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146644,146645,146647,146649,146651,146653,146655,146657,146659,146661,146663,146665,146667,146669,146671,146673],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146646,3709],{"class":59},[53,146648,31],{"class":63},[53,146650,67],{"class":66},[53,146652,229],{"class":228},[53,146654,71],{"class":232},[53,146656,229],{"class":228},[53,146658,74],{"class":66},[53,146660,240],{"class":228},[53,146662,1589],{"class":232},[53,146664,229],{"class":228},[53,146666,74],{"class":66},[53,146668,240],{"class":228},[53,146670,815],{"class":232},[53,146672,229],{"class":228},[53,146674,85],{"class":66},[53,146676,146677,146679,146681,146683,146685,146687],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,146678,145],{"class":144},[53,146680,127],{"class":66},[53,146682,145827],{"class":144},[53,146684,127],{"class":66},[53,146686,5242],{"class":102},[53,146688,1713],{"class":66},[20,146690,146691],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[44,146693,146695],{"className":46,"code":146694,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146696,146697,146729,146757],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146698,146699,146701,146703,146705,146707,146709,146711,146713,146715,146717,146719,146721,146723,146725,146727],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146700,3709],{"class":59},[53,146702,31],{"class":63},[53,146704,67],{"class":66},[53,146706,229],{"class":228},[53,146708,71],{"class":232},[53,146710,229],{"class":228},[53,146712,74],{"class":66},[53,146714,240],{"class":228},[53,146716,1589],{"class":232},[53,146718,229],{"class":228},[53,146720,74],{"class":66},[53,146722,240],{"class":228},[53,146724,815],{"class":232},[53,146726,229],{"class":228},[53,146728,85],{"class":66},[53,146730,146731,146733,146735,146737,146739,146741,146743,146745,146747,146749,146751,146753,146755],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,146732,41054],{"class":59},[53,146734,31],{"class":63},[53,146736,145757],{"class":144},[53,146738,127],{"class":66},[53,146740,2075],{"class":1704},[53,146742,127],{"class":66},[53,146744,2060],{"class":102},[53,146746,153],{"class":66},[53,146748,3765],{"class":3764},[53,146750,3768],{"class":102},[53,146752,3771],{"class":3764},[53,146754,3774],{"class":102},[53,146756,133],{"class":66},[53,146758,146759,146761,146763,146765],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,146760,145],{"class":144},[53,146762,127],{"class":66},[53,146764,41083],{"class":102},[53,146766,133],{"class":66},[20,146768,301],{},[44,146770,146771],{"className":46,"code":2540,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,146772,146773],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146774,146775],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146776,2540],{"class":70},[20,146778,146779],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[1327,146781,146783],{"id":146782},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,146785,4411],{},[44,146787,146789],{"className":46,"code":146788,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146790,146791,146819],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146792,146793,146795,146797,146799,146801,146803,146805,146807,146809,146811,146813,146815,146817],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146794,3709],{"class":59},[53,146796,31],{"class":63},[53,146798,67],{"class":66},[53,146800,71],{"class":70},[53,146802,74],{"class":66},[53,146804,77],{"class":70},[53,146806,74],{"class":66},[53,146808,240],{"class":228},[53,146810,815],{"class":232},[53,146812,229],{"class":228},[53,146814,74],{"class":66},[53,146816,597],{"class":70},[53,146818,85],{"class":66},[53,146820,146821,146823,146825,146827,146829,146831],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,146822,145],{"class":144},[53,146824,127],{"class":66},[53,146826,145827],{"class":144},[53,146828,127],{"class":66},[53,146830,5242],{"class":102},[53,146832,1713],{"class":66},[20,146834,146835],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[44,146837,146839],{"className":46,"code":146838,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146840,146841,146869,146897],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146842,146843,146845,146847,146849,146851,146853,146855,146857,146859,146861,146863,146865,146867],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146844,3709],{"class":59},[53,146846,31],{"class":63},[53,146848,67],{"class":66},[53,146850,71],{"class":70},[53,146852,74],{"class":66},[53,146854,77],{"class":70},[53,146856,74],{"class":66},[53,146858,240],{"class":228},[53,146860,815],{"class":232},[53,146862,229],{"class":228},[53,146864,74],{"class":66},[53,146866,597],{"class":70},[53,146868,85],{"class":66},[53,146870,146871,146873,146875,146877,146879,146881,146883,146885,146887,146889,146891,146893,146895],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,146872,41054],{"class":59},[53,146874,31],{"class":63},[53,146876,145757],{"class":144},[53,146878,127],{"class":66},[53,146880,2075],{"class":1704},[53,146882,127],{"class":66},[53,146884,2060],{"class":102},[53,146886,153],{"class":66},[53,146888,3765],{"class":3764},[53,146890,3768],{"class":102},[53,146892,3771],{"class":3764},[53,146894,3774],{"class":102},[53,146896,133],{"class":66},[53,146898,146899,146901,146903,146905],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,146900,145],{"class":144},[53,146902,127],{"class":66},[53,146904,41083],{"class":102},[53,146906,133],{"class":66},[20,146908,301],{},[44,146910,146911],{"className":46,"code":2264,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,146912,146913],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146914,146915],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146916,2264],{"class":70},[1327,146918,485,146920,146922],{"id":146919},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,146921,145704],{}," to join text",[20,146924,4411],{},[44,146926,146928],{"className":46,"code":146927,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,146929,146930,146986],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146931,146932,146934,146936,146938,146940,146942,146944,146946,146948,146950,146952,146954,146956,146958,146960,146962,146964,146966,146968,146970,146972,146974,146976,146978,146980,146982,146984],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146933,35966],{"class":59},[53,146935,31],{"class":63},[53,146937,67],{"class":66},[53,146939,229],{"class":228},[53,146941,133828],{"class":232},[53,146943,229],{"class":228},[53,146945,74],{"class":66},[53,146947,240],{"class":228},[53,146949,11635],{"class":232},[53,146951,229],{"class":228},[53,146953,74],{"class":66},[53,146955,240],{"class":228},[53,146957,63001],{"class":232},[53,146959,229],{"class":228},[53,146961,74],{"class":66},[53,146963,240],{"class":228},[53,146965,60152],{"class":232},[53,146967,229],{"class":228},[53,146969,74],{"class":66},[53,146971,240],{"class":228},[53,146973,60187],{"class":232},[53,146975,229],{"class":228},[53,146977,74],{"class":66},[53,146979,240],{"class":228},[53,146981,75745],{"class":232},[53,146983,229],{"class":228},[53,146985,85],{"class":66},[53,146987,146988,146990,146992,146994,146996,146998],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,146989,145],{"class":144},[53,146991,127],{"class":66},[53,146993,145827],{"class":144},[53,146995,127],{"class":66},[53,146997,36019],{"class":102},[53,146999,1713],{"class":66},[20,147001,174,147002,60246],{},[15,147003,133152],{},[44,147005,147007],{"className":46,"code":147006,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,147008,147009,147065],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,147010,147011,147013,147015,147017,147019,147021,147023,147025,147027,147029,147031,147033,147035,147037,147039,147041,147043,147045,147047,147049,147051,147053,147055,147057,147059,147061,147063],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,147012,35966],{"class":59},[53,147014,31],{"class":63},[53,147016,67],{"class":66},[53,147018,229],{"class":228},[53,147020,133828],{"class":232},[53,147022,229],{"class":228},[53,147024,74],{"class":66},[53,147026,240],{"class":228},[53,147028,11635],{"class":232},[53,147030,229],{"class":228},[53,147032,74],{"class":66},[53,147034,240],{"class":228},[53,147036,63001],{"class":232},[53,147038,229],{"class":228},[53,147040,74],{"class":66},[53,147042,240],{"class":228},[53,147044,60152],{"class":232},[53,147046,229],{"class":228},[53,147048,74],{"class":66},[53,147050,240],{"class":228},[53,147052,60187],{"class":232},[53,147054,229],{"class":228},[53,147056,74],{"class":66},[53,147058,240],{"class":228},[53,147060,75745],{"class":232},[53,147062,229],{"class":228},[53,147064,85],{"class":66},[53,147066,147067,147069,147071,147073,147075,147077,147079,147081],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,147068,145],{"class":144},[53,147070,127],{"class":66},[53,147072,6158],{"class":228},[53,147074,99],{"class":66},[53,147076,133229],{"class":102},[53,147078,127],{"class":66},[53,147080,36019],{"class":102},[53,147082,1713],{"class":66},[20,147084,301],{},[44,147086,147087],{"className":46,"code":133909,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,147088,147089],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,147090,147091],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,147092,133909],{"class":59},[20,147094,147095,147096,99],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[758,147097,147098],{"href":134990},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[39,147100,147102,147104],{"id":147101},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,147103,145704],{}," vs manual loop",[20,147106,147107,147109],{},[15,147108,145704],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[1327,147111,485,147113],{"id":147112},"using-sum",[15,147114,145704],{},[44,147116,147118],{"className":46,"code":147117,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147119,147120,147140,147154],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,147121,147122,147124,147126,147128,147130,147132,147134,147136,147138],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,147123,60],{"class":59},[53,147125,31],{"class":63},[53,147127,67],{"class":66},[53,147129,130],{"class":70},[53,147131,74],{"class":66},[53,147133,5879],{"class":70},[53,147135,74],{"class":66},[53,147137,54003],{"class":70},[53,147139,85],{"class":66},[53,147141,147142,147144,147146,147148,147150,147152],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,147143,41054],{"class":59},[53,147145,31],{"class":63},[53,147147,145757],{"class":144},[53,147149,127],{"class":66},[53,147151,150],{"class":102},[53,147153,133],{"class":66},[53,147155,147156,147158,147160,147162],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,147157,145],{"class":144},[53,147159,127],{"class":66},[53,147161,41083],{"class":102},[53,147163,133],{"class":66},[1327,147165,147167],{"id":147166},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[44,147169,147171],{"className":46,"code":147170,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,147172,147173,147193,147201,147205,147217,147225,147229],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,147174,147175,147177,147179,147181,147183,147185,147187,147189,147191],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,147176,60],{"class":59},[53,147178,31],{"class":63},[53,147180,67],{"class":66},[53,147182,130],{"class":70},[53,147184,74],{"class":66},[53,147186,5879],{"class":70},[53,147188,74],{"class":66},[53,147190,54003],{"class":70},[53,147192,85],{"class":66},[53,147194,147195,147197,147199],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,147196,41054],{"class":59},[53,147198,31],{"class":63},[53,147200,38387],{"class":70},[53,147202,147203],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,147204,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,147206,147207,147209,147211,147213,147215],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,147208,5843],{"class":3764},[53,147210,6273],{"class":59},[53,147212,3771],{"class":3764},[53,147214,96],{"class":59},[53,147216,6280],{"class":66},[53,147218,147219,147221,147223],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,147220,89822],{"class":59},[53,147222,89825],{"class":63},[53,147224,89828],{"class":59},[53,147226,147227],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,147228,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,147230,147231,147233,147235,147237],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,147232,145],{"class":144},[53,147234,127],{"class":66},[53,147236,41083],{"class":102},[53,147238,133],{"class":66},[20,147240,147241],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,147243,2376,147244,147246],{},[15,147245,145704],{}," is often better:",[194,147248,147249,147252,147255],{},[197,147250,147251],{},"Shorter code",[197,147253,147254],{},"Easier to read",[197,147256,147257],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,147259,147260],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[194,147262,147263,147266,147269],{},[197,147264,147265],{},"You need to skip some values",[197,147267,147268],{},"You need extra checks",[197,147270,147271],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,147273,147274,147275,147278,147279,147281],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[758,147276,147277],{"href":39881},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,147280,145704],{}," on the filtered result.",[39,147283,2716],{"id":2715},[20,147285,147286,147287,192],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,147288,145704],{},[194,147290,147291,147297,147304,147311],{},[197,147292,147293,147294],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,147295,147296],{},"sum(5)",[197,147298,147299,147300,147303],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,147301,147302],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[197,147305,485,147306,147308,147309],{},[15,147307,145704],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,147310,133152],{},[197,147312,147313],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,147315,8762,147316,147318],{},[15,147317,145704],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[44,147320,147322],{"className":46,"code":147321,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,147323,147324,147334,147348,147372],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,147325,147326,147328,147330,147332],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,147327,145],{"class":144},[53,147329,127],{"class":66},[53,147331,5242],{"class":102},[53,147333,133],{"class":66},[53,147335,147336,147338,147340,147342,147344,147346],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,147337,145],{"class":144},[53,147339,127],{"class":66},[53,147341,1705],{"class":1704},[53,147343,127],{"class":66},[53,147345,5242],{"class":102},[53,147347,1713],{"class":66},[53,147349,147350,147352,147354,147356,147358,147360,147362,147364,147366,147368,147370],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,147351,145],{"class":144},[53,147353,2873],{"class":66},[53,147355,1705],{"class":1704},[53,147357,127],{"class":66},[53,147359,2060],{"class":102},[53,147361,153],{"class":66},[53,147363,3765],{"class":3764},[53,147365,3768],{"class":102},[53,147367,3771],{"class":3764},[53,147369,3774],{"class":102},[53,147371,3777],{"class":66},[53,147373,147374,147376,147378,147380,147382,147384,147386,147388,147390,147392,147394,147396,147398],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,147375,145],{"class":144},[53,147377,127],{"class":66},[53,147379,145827],{"class":144},[53,147381,2873],{"class":66},[53,147383,2075],{"class":1704},[53,147385,127],{"class":66},[53,147387,2060],{"class":102},[53,147389,153],{"class":66},[53,147391,3765],{"class":3764},[53,147393,3768],{"class":102},[53,147395,3771],{"class":3764},[53,147397,3774],{"class":102},[53,147399,2886],{"class":66},[20,147401,135723],{},[194,147403,147404,147410,147416,147421],{},[197,147405,147406,147409],{},[15,147407,147408],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[197,147411,147412,147415],{},[15,147413,147414],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[197,147417,147418,135745],{},[15,147419,147420],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[197,147422,147423,147426],{},[15,147424,147425],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[39,147428,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,147430,5025,147432,5028],{"id":147431},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,147433,145704],{},[20,147435,147436],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[1327,147438,5053,147440,147442],{"id":147439},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,147441,145704],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,147444,30142,147445,2765,147448,147451],{},[15,147446,147447],{},"''.join(...)",[15,147449,147450],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[1327,147453,5053,147455,147457],{"id":147454},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,147456,145704],{}," work with floats?",[20,147459,147460],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[1327,147462,147464,147465,1744],{"id":147463},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,147466,145704],{},[20,147468,147469,147470,147472],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147471,35948],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[1327,147474,5041,147476,119108,147478,1744],{"id":147475},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,147477,145704],{},[15,147479,2892],{},[20,147481,147482],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[39,147484,1788],{"id":1787},[194,147486,147487,147491,147497,147503,147509,147513,147517],{},[197,147488,147489],{},[758,147490,146187],{"href":2307},[197,147492,147493],{},[758,147494,3463,147495,3396],{"href":36070},[15,147496,36073],{},[197,147498,147499],{},[758,147500,3463,147501,3396],{"href":42229},[15,147502,42232],{},[197,147504,147505],{},[758,147506,3463,147507,3396],{"href":42046},[15,147508,47556],{},[197,147510,147511],{},[758,147512,5104],{"href":39881},[197,147514,147515],{},[758,147516,3413],{"href":2849},[197,147518,147519],{},[758,147520,147098],{"href":134990},[1817,147522,147523],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":147525},[147526,147527,147529,147530,147531,147533,147541,147547,147554,147560,147561,147573],{"id":41,"depth":88,"text":42},{"id":145783,"depth":88,"text":147528},"What sum() does",{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372},{"id":11363,"depth":88,"text":11364},{"id":145961,"depth":88,"text":147532},"Using the start value",{"id":146063,"depth":88,"text":147534,"children":147535},"What sum() can work with",[147536,147537,147538,147540],{"id":40297,"depth":109,"text":40298},{"id":51918,"depth":109,"text":146129},{"id":146190,"depth":109,"text":147539},"Values from range()",{"id":146238,"depth":109,"text":146239},{"id":146312,"depth":88,"text":147542,"children":147543},"What sum() does not work with",[147544,147545,147546],{"id":146323,"depth":109,"text":146324},{"id":146440,"depth":109,"text":146441},{"id":146498,"depth":109,"text":146499},{"id":41375,"depth":88,"text":41376,"children":147548},[147549,147550,147551,147552],{"id":6410,"depth":109,"text":6411},{"id":146634,"depth":109,"text":146635},{"id":146782,"depth":109,"text":146783},{"id":146919,"depth":109,"text":147553},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147101,"depth":88,"text":147555,"children":147556},"sum() vs manual loop",[147557,147559],{"id":147112,"depth":109,"text":147558},"Using sum()",{"id":147166,"depth":109,"text":147167},{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":147562},[147563,147565,147567,147569,147571],{"id":147431,"depth":109,"text":147564},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147439,"depth":109,"text":147566},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147454,"depth":109,"text":147568},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147463,"depth":109,"text":147570},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147475,"depth":109,"text":147572},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145696,"description":147574},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147581,"title":147582,"body":147583,"description":148985,"extension":1853,"meta":148986,"navigation":112,"path":148987,"seo":148988,"stem":148989,"__hash__":148990},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147584,"toc":148953},[147585,147591,147597,147600,147663,147669,147674,147678,147695,147709,147713,147733,147747,147749,147842,147844,147858,147860,147863,147952,147954,147962,147971,147973,147977,147998,148000,148092,148094,148115,148117,148121,148135,148137,148211,148213,148232,148236,148239,148262,148264,148375,148382,148390,148392,148398,148401,148444,148447,148470,148478,148482,148557,148563,148588,148595,148598,148601,148605,148610,148698,148706,148710,148713,148738,148742,148803,148807,148856,148866,148868,148873,148876,148882,148885,148889,148893,148899,148902,148910,148918,148920,148950],[10,147586,147588,147589,18],{"id":147587},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,147590,57003],{},[20,147592,147593,147596],{},[15,147594,147595],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,147598,147599],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[44,147601,147603],{"className":46,"code":147602,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,147604,147605,147633,147651],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,147606,147607,147609,147611,147613,147615,147617,147619,147621,147623,147625,147627,147629,147631],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,147608,60],{"class":59},[53,147610,31],{"class":63},[53,147612,9124],{"class":66},[53,147614,71],{"class":70},[53,147616,74],{"class":66},[53,147618,77],{"class":70},[53,147620,74],{"class":66},[53,147622,77],{"class":70},[53,147624,74],{"class":66},[53,147626,82],{"class":70},[53,147628,74],{"class":66},[53,147630,77],{"class":70},[53,147632,133],{"class":66},[53,147634,147635,147637,147639,147641,147643,147645,147647,147649],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,147636,2117],{"class":59},[53,147638,31],{"class":63},[53,147640,96],{"class":59},[53,147642,99],{"class":66},[53,147644,41131],{"class":102},[53,147646,127],{"class":66},[53,147648,1589],{"class":70},[53,147650,133],{"class":66},[53,147652,147653,147655,147657,147659,147661],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,147654,145],{"class":144},[53,147656,127],{"class":66},[53,147658,2152],{"class":102},[53,147660,153],{"class":66},[53,147662,50644],{"class":156},[20,147664,174,147665,147668],{},[15,147666,147667],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[39,147670,184,147672,187],{"id":147671},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,147673,147595],{},[20,147675,147676,192],{},[15,147677,147667],{},[194,147679,147680,147686,147689,147692],{},[197,147681,147682,147683,147685],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,147684,2360],{}," appears in the tuple",[197,147687,147688],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[197,147690,147691],{},"Returns an integer",[197,147693,147694],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,147696,147697,147698,147700,147701,2765,147705,99],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,147699,57003],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[758,147702,147704],{"href":147703},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[758,147706,147708],{"href":147707},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[39,147710,147712],{"id":147711},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[44,147714,147716],{"className":46,"code":147715,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,147717,147718],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,147719,147720,147723,147725,147727,147729,147731],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,147721,147722],{"class":59},"my_tuple",[53,147724,99],{"class":66},[53,147726,41131],{"class":102},[53,147728,127],{"class":66},[53,147730,2360],{"class":102},[53,147732,133],{"class":66},[194,147734,147735,147739,147742],{},[197,147736,147737,57168],{},[15,147738,2360],{},[197,147740,147741],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[197,147743,147744,147745],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,147746,852],{},[1327,147748,102823],{"id":102822},[44,147750,147752],{"className":46,"code":147751,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,147753,147754,147794,147818],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,147755,147756,147758,147760,147762,147764,147766,147768,147770,147772,147774,147776,147778,147780,147782,147784,147786,147788,147790,147792],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,147757,1025],{"class":59},[53,147759,31],{"class":63},[53,147761,9124],{"class":66},[53,147763,229],{"class":228},[53,147765,1034],{"class":232},[53,147767,229],{"class":228},[53,147769,74],{"class":66},[53,147771,240],{"class":228},[53,147773,1043],{"class":232},[53,147775,229],{"class":228},[53,147777,74],{"class":66},[53,147779,240],{"class":228},[53,147781,1034],{"class":232},[53,147783,229],{"class":228},[53,147785,74],{"class":66},[53,147787,240],{"class":228},[53,147789,17324],{"class":232},[53,147791,229],{"class":228},[53,147793,133],{"class":66},[53,147795,147796,147798,147800,147802,147804,147806,147808,147810,147812,147814,147816],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,147797,145],{"class":144},[53,147799,127],{"class":66},[53,147801,1115],{"class":102},[53,147803,99],{"class":66},[53,147805,41131],{"class":102},[53,147807,127],{"class":66},[53,147809,229],{"class":228},[53,147811,1034],{"class":232},[53,147813,229],{"class":228},[53,147815,5245],{"class":66},[53,147817,57358],{"class":156},[53,147819,147820,147822,147824,147826,147828,147830,147832,147834,147836,147838,147840],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,147821,145],{"class":144},[53,147823,127],{"class":66},[53,147825,1115],{"class":102},[53,147827,99],{"class":66},[53,147829,41131],{"class":102},[53,147831,127],{"class":66},[53,147833,229],{"class":228},[53,147835,22393],{"class":232},[53,147837,229],{"class":228},[53,147839,5245],{"class":66},[53,147841,51119],{"class":156},[20,147843,19825],{},[194,147845,147846,147851],{},[197,147847,147848,147850],{},[15,147849,65107],{}," appears 2 times",[197,147852,147853,147855,147856],{},[15,147854,109519],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,147857,852],{},[39,147859,11364],{"id":11363},[20,147861,147862],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[44,147864,147866],{"className":46,"code":147865,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,147867,147868,147916,147920,147942],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,147869,147870,147872,147874,147876,147878,147880,147882,147884,147886,147888,147890,147892,147894,147896,147898,147900,147902,147904,147906,147908,147910,147912,147914],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,147871,221],{"class":59},[53,147873,31],{"class":63},[53,147875,9124],{"class":66},[53,147877,229],{"class":228},[53,147879,233],{"class":232},[53,147881,229],{"class":228},[53,147883,74],{"class":66},[53,147885,240],{"class":228},[53,147887,243],{"class":232},[53,147889,229],{"class":228},[53,147891,74],{"class":66},[53,147893,240],{"class":228},[53,147895,233],{"class":232},[53,147897,229],{"class":228},[53,147899,74],{"class":66},[53,147901,240],{"class":228},[53,147903,252],{"class":232},[53,147905,229],{"class":228},[53,147907,74],{"class":66},[53,147909,240],{"class":228},[53,147911,233],{"class":232},[53,147913,229],{"class":228},[53,147915,133],{"class":66},[53,147917,147918],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,147919,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,147921,147922,147924,147926,147928,147930,147932,147934,147936,147938,147940],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,147923,2117],{"class":59},[53,147925,31],{"class":63},[53,147927,266],{"class":59},[53,147929,99],{"class":66},[53,147931,41131],{"class":102},[53,147933,127],{"class":66},[53,147935,229],{"class":228},[53,147937,233],{"class":232},[53,147939,229],{"class":228},[53,147941,133],{"class":66},[53,147943,147944,147946,147948,147950],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,147945,145],{"class":144},[53,147947,127],{"class":66},[53,147949,2152],{"class":102},[53,147951,133],{"class":66},[20,147953,301],{},[44,147955,147956],{"className":46,"code":46489,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,147957,147958],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,147959,147960],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,147961,46489],{"class":70},[20,147963,147964,147966,147967,2285,147969,99],{},[15,147965,57546],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,147968,57003],{},[15,147970,815],{},[39,147972,37895],{"id":37894},[20,147974,57257,147975,128458],{},[15,147976,57003],{},[194,147978,147979,147984,147989,147992],{},[197,147980,11312,147981,147983],{},[15,147982,852],{}," when the value does not exist",[197,147985,11312,147986,147988],{},[15,147987,71],{}," when the value appears once",[197,147990,147991],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[197,147993,147994,147995,147997],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,147996,6884],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,147999,211],{},[44,148001,148003],{"className":46,"code":148002,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,148004,148005,148046,148050,148077],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,148006,148007,148010,148012,148014,148016,148018,148020,148022,148024,148026,148028,148030,148032,148034,148036,148038,148040,148042,148044],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,148008,148009],{"class":59},"answers ",[53,148011,31],{"class":63},[53,148013,9124],{"class":66},[53,148015,229],{"class":228},[53,148017,8544],{"class":232},[53,148019,229],{"class":228},[53,148021,74],{"class":66},[53,148023,240],{"class":228},[53,148025,8484],{"class":232},[53,148027,229],{"class":228},[53,148029,74],{"class":66},[53,148031,240],{"class":228},[53,148033,8544],{"class":232},[53,148035,229],{"class":228},[53,148037,74],{"class":66},[53,148039,240],{"class":228},[53,148041,8544],{"class":232},[53,148043,229],{"class":228},[53,148045,133],{"class":66},[53,148047,148048],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,148049,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,148051,148052,148054,148057,148059,148061,148063,148065,148067,148069,148071,148073,148075],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,148053,6884],{"class":3764},[53,148055,148056],{"class":59}," answers",[53,148058,99],{"class":66},[53,148060,41131],{"class":102},[53,148062,127],{"class":66},[53,148064,229],{"class":228},[53,148066,8544],{"class":232},[53,148068,229],{"class":228},[53,148070,153],{"class":66},[53,148072,38270],{"class":63},[53,148074,5382],{"class":70},[53,148076,6280],{"class":66},[53,148078,148079,148081,148083,148085,148088,148090],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,148080,7954],{"class":144},[53,148082,127],{"class":66},[53,148084,229],{"class":228},[53,148086,148087],{"class":232},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[53,148089,229],{"class":228},[53,148091,133],{"class":66},[20,148093,301],{},[44,148095,148097],{"className":46,"code":148096,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,148098,148099],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,148100,148101,148104,148106,148108,148110,148113],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,148102,148103],{"class":59},"The answer ",[53,148105,314],{"class":228},[53,148107,8544],{"class":232},[53,148109,314],{"class":228},[53,148111,148112],{"class":59}," appears more than once",[53,148114,122102],{"class":66},[39,148116,40917],{"id":40916},[20,148118,35280,148119,104286],{},[15,148120,147595],{},[194,148122,148123,148126,148129,148132],{},[197,148124,148125],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[197,148127,148128],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[197,148130,148131],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[197,148133,148134],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,148136,211],{},[44,148138,148140],{"className":46,"code":148139,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,148141,148142,148170,148174,148196],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,148143,148144,148146,148148,148150,148152,148154,148156,148158,148160,148162,148164,148166,148168],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,148145,1181],{"class":59},[53,148147,31],{"class":63},[53,148149,9124],{"class":66},[53,148151,1188],{"class":70},[53,148153,74],{"class":66},[53,148155,1193],{"class":70},[53,148157,74],{"class":66},[53,148159,5890],{"class":70},[53,148161,74],{"class":66},[53,148163,1198],{"class":70},[53,148165,74],{"class":66},[53,148167,5890],{"class":70},[53,148169,133],{"class":66},[53,148171,148172],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,148173,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,148175,148176,148178,148180,148182,148184,148186,148188,148190,148192,148194],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,148177,6884],{"class":3764},[53,148179,1210],{"class":59},[53,148181,99],{"class":66},[53,148183,41131],{"class":102},[53,148185,127],{"class":66},[53,148187,1188],{"class":70},[53,148189,153],{"class":66},[53,148191,51160],{"class":63},[53,148193,77],{"class":70},[53,148195,6280],{"class":66},[53,148197,148198,148200,148202,148204,148207,148209],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,148199,7954],{"class":144},[53,148201,127],{"class":66},[53,148203,229],{"class":228},[53,148205,148206],{"class":232},"The score 10 is repeated.",[53,148208,229],{"class":228},[53,148210,133],{"class":66},[20,148212,301],{},[44,148214,148216],{"className":46,"code":148215,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,148217,148218],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,148219,148220,148223,148225,148227,148230],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,148221,148222],{"class":59},"The score ",[53,148224,1188],{"class":70},[53,148226,7982],{"class":63},[53,148228,148229],{"class":59}," repeated",[53,148231,122102],{"class":66},[39,148233,148235],{"id":148234},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,148237,148238],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[194,148240,148241,148247,148252,148255],{},[197,148242,148243,148244,148246],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,148245,57003],{}," still works because it only reads data",[197,148248,148249,148251],{},[15,148250,57003],{}," counts exact matches",[197,148253,148254],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[197,148256,148257,960,148259,148261],{},[15,148258,71],{},[15,148260,42029],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,148263,211],{},[44,148265,148267],{"className":46,"code":148266,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,148268,148269,148303,148307,148327,148351],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,148270,148271,148273,148275,148277,148279,148281,148284,148286,148288,148291,148293,148295,148297,148299,148301],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,148272,3709],{"class":59},[53,148274,31],{"class":63},[53,148276,9124],{"class":66},[53,148278,71],{"class":70},[53,148280,74],{"class":66},[53,148282,148283],{"class":70}," 1.0",[53,148285,74],{"class":66},[53,148287,240],{"class":228},[53,148289,148290],{"class":232},"Cat",[53,148292,229],{"class":228},[53,148294,74],{"class":66},[53,148296,240],{"class":228},[53,148298,36921],{"class":232},[53,148300,229],{"class":228},[53,148302,133],{"class":66},[53,148304,148305],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,148306,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,148308,148309,148311,148313,148315,148317,148319,148321,148323,148325],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,148310,145],{"class":144},[53,148312,127],{"class":66},[53,148314,5242],{"class":102},[53,148316,99],{"class":66},[53,148318,41131],{"class":102},[53,148320,127],{"class":66},[53,148322,71],{"class":70},[53,148324,5245],{"class":66},[53,148326,50966],{"class":156},[53,148328,148329,148331,148333,148335,148337,148339,148341,148343,148345,148347,148349],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,148330,145],{"class":144},[53,148332,127],{"class":66},[53,148334,5242],{"class":102},[53,148336,99],{"class":66},[53,148338,41131],{"class":102},[53,148340,127],{"class":66},[53,148342,229],{"class":228},[53,148344,148290],{"class":232},[53,148346,229],{"class":228},[53,148348,5245],{"class":66},[53,148350,27650],{"class":156},[53,148352,148353,148355,148357,148359,148361,148363,148365,148367,148369,148371,148373],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,148354,145],{"class":144},[53,148356,127],{"class":66},[53,148358,5242],{"class":102},[53,148360,99],{"class":66},[53,148362,41131],{"class":102},[53,148364,127],{"class":66},[53,148366,229],{"class":228},[53,148368,36921],{"class":232},[53,148370,229],{"class":228},[53,148372,5245],{"class":66},[53,148374,27650],{"class":156},[20,148376,5041,148377,5044,148380,1744],{},[15,148378,148379],{},"values.count(1)",[15,148381,1589],{},[20,148383,8672,148384,4669,148387,148389],{},[15,148385,148386],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,148388,3492],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[39,148391,2716],{"id":2715},[1327,148393,485,148395,148397],{"id":148394},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,148396,41131],{}," without parentheses",[20,148399,148400],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[44,148402,148404],{"className":46,"code":148403,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,148405,148406,148430],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,148407,148408,148410,148412,148414,148416,148418,148420,148422,148424,148426,148428],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,148409,60],{"class":59},[53,148411,31],{"class":63},[53,148413,9124],{"class":66},[53,148415,71],{"class":70},[53,148417,74],{"class":66},[53,148419,77],{"class":70},[53,148421,74],{"class":66},[53,148423,77],{"class":70},[53,148425,74],{"class":66},[53,148427,82],{"class":70},[53,148429,133],{"class":66},[53,148431,148432,148434,148436,148438,148440,148442],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,148433,145],{"class":144},[53,148435,127],{"class":66},[53,148437,150],{"class":102},[53,148439,99],{"class":66},[53,148441,41131],{"class":24620},[53,148443,133],{"class":66},[20,148445,148446],{},"To call the method correctly:",[44,148448,148450],{"className":46,"code":148449,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,148451,148452],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,148453,148454,148456,148458,148460,148462,148464,148466,148468],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,148455,145],{"class":144},[53,148457,127],{"class":66},[53,148459,150],{"class":102},[53,148461,99],{"class":66},[53,148463,41131],{"class":102},[53,148465,127],{"class":66},[53,148467,1589],{"class":70},[53,148469,1713],{"class":66},[1327,148471,8339,148472,8342,148474,2765,148476],{"id":58306},[15,148473,57003],{},[15,148475,3492],{},[15,148477,3560],{},[20,148479,148480,58317],{},[15,148481,57003],{},[44,148483,148485],{"className":46,"code":148484,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,148486,148487,148519,148541,148545],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,148488,148489,148491,148493,148495,148497,148499,148501,148503,148505,148507,148509,148511,148513,148515,148517],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,148490,35966],{"class":59},[53,148492,31],{"class":63},[53,148494,9124],{"class":66},[53,148496,229],{"class":228},[53,148498,758],{"class":232},[53,148500,229],{"class":228},[53,148502,74],{"class":66},[53,148504,240],{"class":228},[53,148506,1376],{"class":232},[53,148508,229],{"class":228},[53,148510,74],{"class":66},[53,148512,240],{"class":228},[53,148514,758],{"class":232},[53,148516,229],{"class":228},[53,148518,133],{"class":66},[53,148520,148521,148523,148525,148527,148529,148531,148533,148535,148537,148539],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,148522,2117],{"class":59},[53,148524,31],{"class":63},[53,148526,69811],{"class":59},[53,148528,99],{"class":66},[53,148530,41131],{"class":102},[53,148532,127],{"class":66},[53,148534,229],{"class":228},[53,148536,758],{"class":232},[53,148538,229],{"class":228},[53,148540,133],{"class":66},[53,148542,148543],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,148544,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,148546,148547,148549,148551,148553,148555],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,148548,145],{"class":144},[53,148550,127],{"class":66},[53,148552,2152],{"class":102},[53,148554,153],{"class":66},[53,148556,51287],{"class":156},[20,148558,148559,148560,148562],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,148561,3771],{}," is often simpler:",[44,148564,148566],{"className":46,"code":148565,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,148567,148568],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,148569,148570,148572,148574,148576,148578,148580,148582,148584,148586],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,148571,145],{"class":144},[53,148573,127],{"class":66},[53,148575,229],{"class":228},[53,148577,758],{"class":232},[53,148579,229],{"class":228},[53,148581,21042],{"class":3764},[53,148583,69811],{"class":102},[53,148585,153],{"class":66},[53,148587,3550],{"class":156},[1327,148589,37078,148591,8591,148593],{"id":148590},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,148592,147595],{},[15,148594,57008],{},[20,148596,148597],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,148599,148600],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[1327,148602,148604],{"id":148603},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,148606,148607,148609],{},[15,148608,57003],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[44,148611,148613],{"className":46,"code":148612,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,148614,148615,148648,148674],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,148616,148617,148619,148621,148623,148625,148627,148629,148631,148633,148636,148638,148640,148642,148644,148646],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,148618,3959],{"class":59},[53,148620,31],{"class":63},[53,148622,9124],{"class":66},[53,148624,229],{"class":228},[53,148626,233],{"class":232},[53,148628,229],{"class":228},[53,148630,74],{"class":66},[53,148632,240],{"class":228},[53,148634,148635],{"class":232},"pineapple",[53,148637,229],{"class":228},[53,148639,74],{"class":66},[53,148641,240],{"class":228},[53,148643,233],{"class":232},[53,148645,229],{"class":228},[53,148647,133],{"class":66},[53,148649,148650,148652,148654,148656,148658,148660,148662,148664,148667,148669,148671],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,148651,145],{"class":144},[53,148653,127],{"class":66},[53,148655,4001],{"class":102},[53,148657,99],{"class":66},[53,148659,41131],{"class":102},[53,148661,127],{"class":66},[53,148663,229],{"class":228},[53,148665,148666],{"class":232},"app",[53,148668,229],{"class":228},[53,148670,5245],{"class":66},[53,148672,148673],{"class":156},"    # 0\n",[53,148675,148676,148678,148680,148682,148684,148686,148688,148690,148692,148694,148696],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,148677,145],{"class":144},[53,148679,127],{"class":66},[53,148681,4001],{"class":102},[53,148683,99],{"class":66},[53,148685,41131],{"class":102},[53,148687,127],{"class":66},[53,148689,229],{"class":228},[53,148691,233],{"class":232},[53,148693,229],{"class":228},[53,148695,5245],{"class":66},[53,148697,51287],{"class":156},[20,148699,148700,148703,148704,99],{},[15,148701,148702],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,148705,852],{},[39,148707,148709],{"id":148708},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,148711,148712],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[194,148714,148715,148720,148729,148735],{},[197,148716,174,148717,148719],{},[15,148718,3771],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[197,148721,174,148722,148728],{},[758,148723,148725,148726],{"href":148724},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,148727,58681],{}," to find the position of a value",[197,148730,174,148731,148734],{},[15,148732,148733],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[197,148736,148737],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,148739,45912,148740,192],{},[15,148741,3771],{},[44,148743,148745],{"className":46,"code":148744,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,148746,148747,148767,148771,148787],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,148748,148749,148751,148753,148755,148757,148759,148761,148763,148765],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,148750,60],{"class":59},[53,148752,31],{"class":63},[53,148754,9124],{"class":66},[53,148756,130],{"class":70},[53,148758,74],{"class":66},[53,148760,5879],{"class":70},[53,148762,74],{"class":66},[53,148764,54003],{"class":70},[53,148766,133],{"class":66},[53,148768,148769],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,148770,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,148772,148773,148775,148777,148779,148781,148783,148785],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,148774,145],{"class":144},[53,148776,127],{"class":66},[53,148778,1915],{"class":70},[53,148780,21042],{"class":3764},[53,148782,96],{"class":102},[53,148784,153],{"class":66},[53,148786,43727],{"class":156},[53,148788,148789,148791,148793,148795,148797,148799,148801],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,148790,145],{"class":144},[53,148792,127],{"class":66},[53,148794,2024],{"class":70},[53,148796,21042],{"class":3764},[53,148798,96],{"class":102},[53,148800,153],{"class":66},[53,148802,43744],{"class":156},[20,148804,45912,148805,192],{},[15,148806,58681],{},[44,148808,148810],{"className":46,"code":148809,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,148811,148812,148836],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,148813,148814,148816,148818,148820,148822,148824,148826,148828,148830,148832,148834],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,148815,60],{"class":59},[53,148817,31],{"class":63},[53,148819,9124],{"class":66},[53,148821,130],{"class":70},[53,148823,74],{"class":66},[53,148825,5879],{"class":70},[53,148827,74],{"class":66},[53,148829,54003],{"class":70},[53,148831,74],{"class":66},[53,148833,5879],{"class":70},[53,148835,133],{"class":66},[53,148837,148838,148840,148842,148844,148846,148848,148850,148852,148854],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,148839,145],{"class":144},[53,148841,127],{"class":66},[53,148843,150],{"class":102},[53,148845,99],{"class":66},[53,148847,35721],{"class":102},[53,148849,127],{"class":66},[53,148851,1915],{"class":70},[53,148853,5245],{"class":66},[53,148855,27650],{"class":156},[20,148857,148858,148860,148861,148863,148865],{},[15,148859,57003],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[9735,148862],{},[15,148864,58681],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[39,148867,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,148869,5025,148871,5028],{"id":148870},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,148872,147595],{},[20,148874,148875],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[1327,148877,1729,148879,148881],{"id":148878},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,148880,147595],{}," change the tuple?",[20,148883,148884],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[1327,148886,148888],{"id":148887},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,148890,11801,148891,99],{},[15,148892,852],{},[1327,148894,5053,148896,148898],{"id":148895},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,148897,147595],{}," count strings?",[20,148900,148901],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[1327,148903,1739,148905,960,148907,1744],{"id":148904},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,148906,147595],{},[15,148908,148909],{},"tuple.index()",[20,148911,148912,148914,148915,148917],{},[15,148913,57003],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,148916,58681],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[39,148919,1788],{"id":1787},[194,148921,148922,148926,148931,148938,148946],{},[197,148923,148924],{},[758,148925,147704],{"href":147703},[197,148927,148928],{},[758,148929,148930],{"href":147707},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[197,148932,148933],{},[758,148934,148935,148936,1316],{"href":148724},"Python tuple ",[15,148937,58681],{},[197,148939,148940],{},[758,148941,148943,148944],{"href":148942},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,148945,42232],{},[197,148947,148948],{},[758,148949,58669],{"href":58668},[1817,148951,148952],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":148954},[148955,148957,148960,148961,148962,148963,148964,148972,148973,148984],{"id":147671,"depth":88,"text":148956},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147711,"depth":88,"text":147712,"children":148958},[148959],{"id":102822,"depth":109,"text":102823},{"id":11363,"depth":88,"text":11364},{"id":37894,"depth":88,"text":37895},{"id":40916,"depth":88,"text":40917},{"id":148234,"depth":88,"text":148235},{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716,"children":148965},[148966,148968,148969,148971],{"id":148394,"depth":109,"text":148967},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58306,"depth":109,"text":58722},{"id":148590,"depth":109,"text":148970},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148603,"depth":109,"text":148604},{"id":148708,"depth":88,"text":148709},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":148974},[148975,148977,148979,148980,148982],{"id":148870,"depth":109,"text":148976},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":148878,"depth":109,"text":148978},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":148887,"depth":109,"text":148888},{"id":148895,"depth":109,"text":148981},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":148904,"depth":109,"text":148983},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147582,"description":148985},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":148992,"title":148993,"body":148994,"description":150681,"extension":1853,"meta":150682,"navigation":112,"path":150683,"seo":150684,"stem":150685,"__hash__":150686},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":148995,"toc":150644},[148996,148999,149002,149011,149013,149143,149145,149206,149212,149214,149234,149238,149241,149244,149279,149281,149302,149305,149344,149346,149371,149378,149382,149385,149422,149424,149447,149450,149453,149465,149471,149475,149478,149484,149525,149527,149550,149553,149594,149596,149623,149625,149642,149644,149661,149664,149668,149671,149673,149707,149709,149756,149760,149799,149803,149806,149863,149865,149906,149912,149918,149923,149925,149962,149964,149984,149986,150019,150021,150054,150057,150061,150094,150096,150121,150124,150126,150140,150147,150149,150152,150156,150159,150194,150197,150232,150236,150239,150278,150281,150320,150324,150326,150356,150359,150366,150368,150400,150403,150435,150438,150469,150471,150488,150492,150495,150559,150561,150565,150572,150576,150579,150583,150586,150590,150593,150598,150604,150606,150641],[10,148997,148993],{"id":148998},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,149000,149001],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,149003,149004,149005,2765,149009,99],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[758,149006,149008],{"href":149007},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[758,149010,147704],{"href":147703},[39,149012,42],{"id":41},[44,149014,149016],{"className":46,"code":149015,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,149017,149018,149038,149047,149061,149097,149101,149111,149121,149132],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149019,149020,149022,149024,149026,149028,149030,149032,149034,149036],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149021,60],{"class":59},[53,149023,31],{"class":63},[53,149025,9124],{"class":66},[53,149027,71],{"class":70},[53,149029,74],{"class":66},[53,149031,77],{"class":70},[53,149033,74],{"class":66},[53,149035,82],{"class":70},[53,149037,133],{"class":66},[53,149039,149040,149042,149044],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,149041,124568],{"class":59},[53,149043,31],{"class":63},[53,149045,149046],{"class":66}," ()\n",[53,149048,149049,149052,149054,149056,149058],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,149050,149051],{"class":59},"one_item ",[53,149053,31],{"class":63},[53,149055,9124],{"class":66},[53,149057,2024],{"class":70},[53,149059,149060],{"class":66},",)\n",[53,149062,149063,149066,149068,149071,149073,149075,149077,149079,149081,149083,149085,149087,149089,149091,149093,149095],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,149064,149065],{"class":59},"from_list ",[53,149067,31],{"class":63},[53,149069,149070],{"class":1704}," tuple",[53,149072,2873],{"class":66},[53,149074,229],{"class":228},[53,149076,758],{"class":232},[53,149078,229],{"class":228},[53,149080,74],{"class":66},[53,149082,240],{"class":228},[53,149084,1376],{"class":232},[53,149086,229],{"class":228},[53,149088,74],{"class":66},[53,149090,240],{"class":228},[53,149092,9628],{"class":232},[53,149094,229],{"class":228},[53,149096,3777],{"class":66},[53,149098,149099],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,149100,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,149102,149103,149105,149107,149109],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,149104,145],{"class":144},[53,149106,127],{"class":66},[53,149108,150],{"class":102},[53,149110,133],{"class":66},[53,149112,149113,149115,149117,149119],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,149114,145],{"class":144},[53,149116,127],{"class":66},[53,149118,124619],{"class":102},[53,149120,133],{"class":66},[53,149122,149123,149125,149127,149130],{"class":55,"line":6312},[53,149124,145],{"class":144},[53,149126,127],{"class":66},[53,149128,149129],{"class":102},"one_item",[53,149131,133],{"class":66},[53,149133,149134,149136,149138,149141],{"class":55,"line":6318},[53,149135,145],{"class":144},[53,149137,127],{"class":66},[53,149139,149140],{"class":102},"from_list",[53,149142,133],{"class":66},[20,149144,301],{},[44,149146,149148],{"className":46,"code":149147,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149149,149150,149166,149170,149178],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149151,149152,149154,149156,149158,149160,149162,149164],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149153,127],{"class":66},[53,149155,71],{"class":70},[53,149157,74],{"class":66},[53,149159,77],{"class":70},[53,149161,74],{"class":66},[53,149163,82],{"class":70},[53,149165,133],{"class":66},[53,149167,149168],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,149169,106],{"class":66},[53,149171,149172,149174,149176],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,149173,127],{"class":66},[53,149175,2024],{"class":70},[53,149177,149060],{"class":66},[53,149179,149180,149182,149184,149186,149188,149190,149192,149194,149196,149198,149200,149202,149204],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,149181,127],{"class":66},[53,149183,314],{"class":228},[53,149185,758],{"class":232},[53,149187,314],{"class":228},[53,149189,74],{"class":66},[53,149191,323],{"class":228},[53,149193,1376],{"class":232},[53,149195,314],{"class":228},[53,149197,74],{"class":66},[53,149199,323],{"class":228},[53,149201,9628],{"class":232},[53,149203,314],{"class":228},[53,149205,133],{"class":66},[20,149207,149208,149209,99],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,149210,149211],{},"(5,)",[39,149213,15033],{"id":15032},[194,149215,149216,149219,149222,149225,149228,149231],{},[197,149217,149218],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[197,149220,149221],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[197,149223,149224],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[197,149226,149227],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[197,149229,149230],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[197,149232,149233],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[39,149235,149237],{"id":149236},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,149239,149240],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,149242,149243],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[44,149245,149247],{"className":46,"code":149246,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149248,149249,149269],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149250,149251,149253,149255,149257,149259,149261,149263,149265,149267],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149252,60],{"class":59},[53,149254,31],{"class":63},[53,149256,9124],{"class":66},[53,149258,71],{"class":70},[53,149260,74],{"class":66},[53,149262,77],{"class":70},[53,149264,74],{"class":66},[53,149266,82],{"class":70},[53,149268,133],{"class":66},[53,149270,149271,149273,149275,149277],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,149272,145],{"class":144},[53,149274,127],{"class":66},[53,149276,150],{"class":102},[53,149278,133],{"class":66},[20,149280,301],{},[44,149282,149284],{"className":46,"code":149283,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149285,149286],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149287,149288,149290,149292,149294,149296,149298,149300],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149289,127],{"class":66},[53,149291,71],{"class":70},[53,149293,74],{"class":66},[53,149295,77],{"class":70},[53,149297,74],{"class":66},[53,149299,82],{"class":70},[53,149301,133],{"class":66},[20,149303,149304],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[44,149306,149308],{"className":46,"code":149307,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,149309,149310,149334],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149311,149312,149314,149316,149318,149320,149322,149324,149326,149328,149330,149332],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149313,9053],{"class":59},[53,149315,31],{"class":63},[53,149317,9124],{"class":66},[53,149319,71],{"class":70},[53,149321,74],{"class":66},[53,149323,240],{"class":228},[53,149325,233],{"class":232},[53,149327,229],{"class":228},[53,149329,74],{"class":66},[53,149331,3804],{"class":3739},[53,149333,133],{"class":66},[53,149335,149336,149338,149340,149342],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,149337,145],{"class":144},[53,149339,127],{"class":66},[53,149341,9092],{"class":102},[53,149343,133],{"class":66},[20,149345,301],{},[44,149347,149349],{"className":46,"code":149348,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,149350,149351],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149352,149353,149355,149357,149359,149361,149363,149365,149367,149369],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149354,127],{"class":66},[53,149356,71],{"class":70},[53,149358,74],{"class":66},[53,149360,323],{"class":228},[53,149362,233],{"class":232},[53,149364,314],{"class":228},[53,149366,74],{"class":66},[53,149368,3804],{"class":3739},[53,149370,133],{"class":66},[20,149372,149373,149374,99],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[758,149375,149377],{"href":149376},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[39,149379,149381],{"id":149380},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,149383,149384],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[44,149386,149388],{"className":46,"code":149387,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,149389,149390,149398,149408],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149391,149392,149394,149396],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149393,124568],{"class":59},[53,149395,31],{"class":63},[53,149397,149046],{"class":66},[53,149399,149400,149402,149404,149406],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,149401,145],{"class":144},[53,149403,127],{"class":66},[53,149405,124619],{"class":102},[53,149407,133],{"class":66},[53,149409,149410,149412,149414,149416,149418,149420],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,149411,145],{"class":144},[53,149413,127],{"class":66},[53,149415,1705],{"class":1704},[53,149417,127],{"class":66},[53,149419,124619],{"class":102},[53,149421,1713],{"class":66},[20,149423,301],{},[44,149425,149427],{"className":46,"code":149426,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149428,149429,149433],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149430,149431],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149432,106],{"class":66},[53,149434,149435,149437,149439,149441,149443,149445],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,149436,3178],{"class":63},[53,149438,3181],{"class":1954},[53,149440,323],{"class":228},[53,149442,48826],{"class":232},[53,149444,314],{"class":228},[53,149446,3190],{"class":63},[20,149448,149449],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,149451,149452],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[194,149454,149455,149460],{},[197,149456,149457,149458],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,149459,7253],{},[197,149461,149462,149463],{},"Empty list: ",[15,149464,3673],{},[20,149466,149467,149468,99],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[758,149469,149470],{"href":1719},"Python list: creating a list",[39,149472,149474],{"id":149473},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,149476,149477],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,149479,149480,149481,149483],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[34,149482,36],{}," automatically a tuple:",[44,149485,149487],{"className":46,"code":149486,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149488,149489,149501,149511],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149490,149491,149493,149495,149497,149499],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149492,2335],{"class":59},[53,149494,31],{"class":63},[53,149496,9124],{"class":66},[53,149498,2024],{"class":70},[53,149500,133],{"class":66},[53,149502,149503,149505,149507,149509],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,149504,145],{"class":144},[53,149506,127],{"class":66},[53,149508,2360],{"class":102},[53,149510,133],{"class":66},[53,149512,149513,149515,149517,149519,149521,149523],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,149514,145],{"class":144},[53,149516,127],{"class":66},[53,149518,1705],{"class":1704},[53,149520,127],{"class":66},[53,149522,2360],{"class":102},[53,149524,1713],{"class":66},[20,149526,301],{},[44,149528,149530],{"className":46,"code":149529,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149531,149532,149536],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149533,149534],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149535,2834],{"class":70},[53,149537,149538,149540,149542,149544,149546,149548],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,149539,3178],{"class":63},[53,149541,3181],{"class":1954},[53,149543,323],{"class":228},[53,149545,2075],{"class":232},[53,149547,314],{"class":228},[53,149549,3190],{"class":63},[20,149551,149552],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[44,149554,149556],{"className":46,"code":149555,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149557,149558,149570,149580],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149559,149560,149562,149564,149566,149568],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149561,149051],{"class":59},[53,149563,31],{"class":63},[53,149565,9124],{"class":66},[53,149567,2024],{"class":70},[53,149569,149060],{"class":66},[53,149571,149572,149574,149576,149578],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,149573,145],{"class":144},[53,149575,127],{"class":66},[53,149577,149129],{"class":102},[53,149579,133],{"class":66},[53,149581,149582,149584,149586,149588,149590,149592],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,149583,145],{"class":144},[53,149585,127],{"class":66},[53,149587,1705],{"class":1704},[53,149589,127],{"class":66},[53,149591,149129],{"class":102},[53,149593,1713],{"class":66},[20,149595,301],{},[44,149597,149599],{"className":46,"code":149598,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149600,149601,149609],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149602,149603,149605,149607],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149604,127],{"class":66},[53,149606,2024],{"class":70},[53,149608,149060],{"class":66},[53,149610,149611,149613,149615,149617,149619,149621],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,149612,3178],{"class":63},[53,149614,3181],{"class":1954},[53,149616,323],{"class":228},[53,149618,48826],{"class":232},[53,149620,314],{"class":228},[53,149622,3190],{"class":63},[20,149624,1015],{},[44,149626,149628],{"className":46,"code":149627,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,149629,149630],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149631,149632,149634,149636,149638,149640],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149633,127],{"class":66},[53,149635,229],{"class":228},[53,149637,233],{"class":232},[53,149639,229],{"class":228},[53,149641,149060],{"class":66},[20,149643,16514],{},[44,149645,149647],{"className":46,"code":149646,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,149648,149649],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149650,149651,149653,149655,149657,149659],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149652,127],{"class":66},[53,149654,229],{"class":228},[53,149656,233],{"class":232},[53,149658,229],{"class":228},[53,149660,133],{"class":66},[20,149662,149663],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[39,149665,149667],{"id":149666},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,149669,149670],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[1327,149672,981],{"id":150},[44,149674,149675],{"className":46,"code":149246,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,149676,149677,149697],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149678,149679,149681,149683,149685,149687,149689,149691,149693,149695],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149680,60],{"class":59},[53,149682,31],{"class":63},[53,149684,9124],{"class":66},[53,149686,71],{"class":70},[53,149688,74],{"class":66},[53,149690,77],{"class":70},[53,149692,74],{"class":66},[53,149694,82],{"class":70},[53,149696,133],{"class":66},[53,149698,149699,149701,149703,149705],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,149700,145],{"class":144},[53,149702,127],{"class":66},[53,149704,150],{"class":102},[53,149706,133],{"class":66},[1327,149708,984],{"id":5192},[44,149710,149712],{"className":46,"code":149711,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,149713,149714,149746],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149715,149716,149718,149720,149722,149724,149726,149728,149730,149732,149734,149736,149738,149740,149742,149744],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149717,1025],{"class":59},[53,149719,31],{"class":63},[53,149721,9124],{"class":66},[53,149723,229],{"class":228},[53,149725,1034],{"class":232},[53,149727,229],{"class":228},[53,149729,74],{"class":66},[53,149731,240],{"class":228},[53,149733,17324],{"class":232},[53,149735,229],{"class":228},[53,149737,74],{"class":66},[53,149739,240],{"class":228},[53,149741,1043],{"class":232},[53,149743,229],{"class":228},[53,149745,133],{"class":66},[53,149747,149748,149750,149752,149754],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,149749,145],{"class":144},[53,149751,127],{"class":66},[53,149753,1115],{"class":102},[53,149755,133],{"class":66},[1327,149757,149759],{"id":149758},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[44,149761,149763],{"className":46,"code":149762,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,149764,149765,149789],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149766,149767,149769,149771,149773,149775,149777,149779,149781,149783,149785,149787],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149768,59186],{"class":59},[53,149770,31],{"class":63},[53,149772,9124],{"class":66},[53,149774,71],{"class":70},[53,149776,74],{"class":66},[53,149778,240],{"class":228},[53,149780,233],{"class":232},[53,149782,229],{"class":228},[53,149784,74],{"class":66},[53,149786,3804],{"class":3739},[53,149788,133],{"class":66},[53,149790,149791,149793,149795,149797],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,149792,145],{"class":144},[53,149794,127],{"class":66},[53,149796,59239],{"class":102},[53,149798,133],{"class":66},[1327,149800,149802],{"id":149801},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,149804,149805],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[44,149807,149809],{"className":46,"code":149808,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,149810,149811,149852],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149812,149813,149816,149818,149820,149822,149824,149826,149828,149830,149832,149834,149836,149838,149840,149842,149844,149846,149848,149850],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149814,149815],{"class":59},"nested ",[53,149817,31],{"class":63},[53,149819,9124],{"class":66},[53,149821,71],{"class":70},[53,149823,74],{"class":66},[53,149825,9124],{"class":66},[53,149827,229],{"class":228},[53,149829,758],{"class":232},[53,149831,229],{"class":228},[53,149833,74],{"class":66},[53,149835,240],{"class":228},[53,149837,1376],{"class":232},[53,149839,229],{"class":228},[53,149841,9121],{"class":66},[53,149843,67],{"class":66},[53,149845,1188],{"class":70},[53,149847,74],{"class":66},[53,149849,1193],{"class":70},[53,149851,3777],{"class":66},[53,149853,149854,149856,149858,149861],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,149855,145],{"class":144},[53,149857,127],{"class":66},[53,149859,149860],{"class":102},"nested",[53,149862,133],{"class":66},[20,149864,301],{},[44,149866,149868],{"className":46,"code":149867,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,149869,149870],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149871,149872,149874,149876,149878,149880,149882,149884,149886,149888,149890,149892,149894,149896,149898,149900,149902,149904],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149873,127],{"class":66},[53,149875,71],{"class":70},[53,149877,74],{"class":66},[53,149879,9124],{"class":66},[53,149881,314],{"class":228},[53,149883,758],{"class":232},[53,149885,314],{"class":228},[53,149887,74],{"class":66},[53,149889,323],{"class":228},[53,149891,1376],{"class":232},[53,149893,314],{"class":228},[53,149895,9121],{"class":66},[53,149897,67],{"class":66},[53,149899,1188],{"class":70},[53,149901,74],{"class":66},[53,149903,1193],{"class":70},[53,149905,3777],{"class":66},[39,149907,149909,149910],{"id":149908},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,149911,37921],{},[20,149913,149914,149915,149917],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,149916,37921],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,149919,149920,149921,99],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[758,149922,62932],{"href":62931},[1327,149924,104963],{"id":104962},[44,149926,149928],{"className":46,"code":149927,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149929,149930,149952],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149931,149932,149934,149936,149938,149940,149942,149944,149946,149948,149950],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149933,60],{"class":59},[53,149935,31],{"class":63},[53,149937,149070],{"class":1704},[53,149939,2873],{"class":66},[53,149941,71],{"class":70},[53,149943,74],{"class":66},[53,149945,77],{"class":70},[53,149947,74],{"class":66},[53,149949,82],{"class":70},[53,149951,3777],{"class":66},[53,149953,149954,149956,149958,149960],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,149955,145],{"class":144},[53,149957,127],{"class":66},[53,149959,150],{"class":102},[53,149961,133],{"class":66},[20,149963,301],{},[44,149965,149966],{"className":46,"code":149283,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,149967,149968],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149969,149970,149972,149974,149976,149978,149980,149982],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149971,127],{"class":66},[53,149973,71],{"class":70},[53,149975,74],{"class":66},[53,149977,77],{"class":70},[53,149979,74],{"class":66},[53,149981,82],{"class":70},[53,149983,133],{"class":66},[1327,149985,105149],{"id":105148},[44,149987,149989],{"className":46,"code":149988,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,149990,149991,150009],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149992,149993,149995,149997,149999,150001,150003,150005,150007],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149994,35966],{"class":59},[53,149996,31],{"class":63},[53,149998,149070],{"class":1704},[53,150000,127],{"class":66},[53,150002,229],{"class":228},[53,150004,41432],{"class":232},[53,150006,229],{"class":228},[53,150008,133],{"class":66},[53,150010,150011,150013,150015,150017],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,150012,145],{"class":144},[53,150014,127],{"class":66},[53,150016,36019],{"class":102},[53,150018,133],{"class":66},[20,150020,301],{},[44,150022,150024],{"className":46,"code":150023,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,150025,150026],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150027,150028,150030,150032,150034,150036,150038,150040,150042,150044,150046,150048,150050,150052],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150029,127],{"class":66},[53,150031,314],{"class":228},[53,150033,758],{"class":232},[53,150035,314],{"class":228},[53,150037,74],{"class":66},[53,150039,323],{"class":228},[53,150041,1376],{"class":232},[53,150043,314],{"class":228},[53,150045,74],{"class":66},[53,150047,323],{"class":228},[53,150049,9628],{"class":232},[53,150051,314],{"class":228},[53,150053,133],{"class":66},[20,150055,150056],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[1327,150058,150060],{"id":150059},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[44,150062,150064],{"className":46,"code":150063,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,150065,150066,150084],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150067,150068,150070,150072,150074,150076,150078,150080,150082],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150069,3709],{"class":59},[53,150071,31],{"class":63},[53,150073,149070],{"class":1704},[53,150075,127],{"class":66},[53,150077,59712],{"class":144},[53,150079,127],{"class":66},[53,150081,130],{"class":70},[53,150083,1713],{"class":66},[53,150085,150086,150088,150090,150092],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,150087,145],{"class":144},[53,150089,127],{"class":66},[53,150091,5242],{"class":102},[53,150093,133],{"class":66},[20,150095,301],{},[44,150097,150099],{"className":46,"code":150098,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,150100,150101],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150102,150103,150105,150107,150109,150111,150113,150115,150117,150119],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150104,127],{"class":66},[53,150106,852],{"class":70},[53,150108,74],{"class":66},[53,150110,5382],{"class":70},[53,150112,74],{"class":66},[53,150114,77],{"class":70},[53,150116,74],{"class":66},[53,150118,82],{"class":70},[53,150120,133],{"class":66},[20,150122,150123],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[39,150125,20669],{"id":20668},[194,150127,150128,150131,150134,150137],{},[197,150129,150130],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[197,150132,150133],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[197,150135,150136],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[197,150138,150139],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,150141,150142,150143,99],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[758,150144,150146],{"href":150145},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[39,150148,2716],{"id":2715},[20,150150,150151],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[1327,150153,150155],{"id":150154},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,150157,150158],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[44,150160,150162],{"className":46,"code":150161,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150163,150164,150180],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150165,150166,150168,150170,150172,150174,150176,150178],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150167,28409],{"class":59},[53,150169,31],{"class":63},[53,150171,9124],{"class":66},[53,150173,229],{"class":228},[53,150175,233],{"class":232},[53,150177,229],{"class":228},[53,150179,133],{"class":66},[53,150181,150182,150184,150186,150188,150190,150192],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,150183,145],{"class":144},[53,150185,127],{"class":66},[53,150187,1705],{"class":1704},[53,150189,127],{"class":66},[53,150191,23180],{"class":102},[53,150193,1713],{"class":66},[20,150195,150196],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[44,150198,150200],{"className":46,"code":150199,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150201,150202,150218],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150203,150204,150206,150208,150210,150212,150214,150216],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150205,28409],{"class":59},[53,150207,31],{"class":63},[53,150209,9124],{"class":66},[53,150211,229],{"class":228},[53,150213,233],{"class":232},[53,150215,229],{"class":228},[53,150217,149060],{"class":66},[53,150219,150220,150222,150224,150226,150228,150230],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,150221,145],{"class":144},[53,150223,127],{"class":66},[53,150225,1705],{"class":1704},[53,150227,127],{"class":66},[53,150229,23180],{"class":102},[53,150231,1713],{"class":66},[1327,150233,150235],{"id":150234},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,150237,150238],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[44,150240,150242],{"className":46,"code":150241,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150243,150244,150264],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150245,150246,150248,150250,150252,150254,150256,150258,150260,150262],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150247,3709],{"class":59},[53,150249,31],{"class":63},[53,150251,67],{"class":66},[53,150253,71],{"class":70},[53,150255,74],{"class":66},[53,150257,77],{"class":70},[53,150259,74],{"class":66},[53,150261,82],{"class":70},[53,150263,85],{"class":66},[53,150265,150266,150268,150270,150272,150274,150276],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,150267,145],{"class":144},[53,150269,127],{"class":66},[53,150271,1705],{"class":1704},[53,150273,127],{"class":66},[53,150275,5242],{"class":102},[53,150277,1713],{"class":66},[20,150279,150280],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[44,150282,150284],{"className":46,"code":150283,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150285,150286,150306],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150287,150288,150290,150292,150294,150296,150298,150300,150302,150304],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150289,3709],{"class":59},[53,150291,31],{"class":63},[53,150293,9124],{"class":66},[53,150295,71],{"class":70},[53,150297,74],{"class":66},[53,150299,77],{"class":70},[53,150301,74],{"class":66},[53,150303,82],{"class":70},[53,150305,133],{"class":66},[53,150307,150308,150310,150312,150314,150316,150318],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,150309,145],{"class":144},[53,150311,127],{"class":66},[53,150313,1705],{"class":1704},[53,150315,127],{"class":66},[53,150317,5242],{"class":102},[53,150319,1713],{"class":66},[1327,150321,150323],{"id":150322},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,150325,150136],{},[44,150327,150329],{"className":46,"code":150328,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,150330,150331,150351],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150332,150333,150335,150337,150339,150341,150343,150345,150347,150349],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150334,60],{"class":59},[53,150336,31],{"class":63},[53,150338,9124],{"class":66},[53,150340,71],{"class":70},[53,150342,74],{"class":66},[53,150344,77],{"class":70},[53,150346,74],{"class":66},[53,150348,82],{"class":70},[53,150350,133],{"class":66},[53,150352,150353],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,150354,150355],{"class":156},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,150357,150358],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[1327,150360,37078,150362,150365],{"id":150361},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,150363,150364],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,150367,64358],{},[44,150369,150370],{"className":46,"code":149988,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,150371,150372,150390],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150373,150374,150376,150378,150380,150382,150384,150386,150388],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150375,35966],{"class":59},[53,150377,31],{"class":63},[53,150379,149070],{"class":1704},[53,150381,127],{"class":66},[53,150383,229],{"class":228},[53,150385,41432],{"class":232},[53,150387,229],{"class":228},[53,150389,133],{"class":66},[53,150391,150392,150394,150396,150398],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,150393,145],{"class":144},[53,150395,127],{"class":66},[53,150397,36019],{"class":102},[53,150399,133],{"class":66},[20,150401,150402],{},"gives:",[44,150404,150405],{"className":46,"code":150023,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,150406,150407],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150408,150409,150411,150413,150415,150417,150419,150421,150423,150425,150427,150429,150431,150433],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150410,127],{"class":66},[53,150412,314],{"class":228},[53,150414,758],{"class":232},[53,150416,314],{"class":228},[53,150418,74],{"class":66},[53,150420,323],{"class":228},[53,150422,1376],{"class":232},[53,150424,314],{"class":228},[53,150426,74],{"class":66},[53,150428,323],{"class":228},[53,150430,9628],{"class":232},[53,150432,314],{"class":228},[53,150434,133],{"class":66},[20,150436,150437],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[44,150439,150441],{"className":46,"code":150440,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,150442,150443,150459],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150444,150445,150447,150449,150451,150453,150455,150457],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150446,6040],{"class":59},[53,150448,31],{"class":63},[53,150450,9124],{"class":66},[53,150452,229],{"class":228},[53,150454,41432],{"class":232},[53,150456,229],{"class":228},[53,150458,149060],{"class":66},[53,150460,150461,150463,150465,150467],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,150462,145],{"class":144},[53,150464,127],{"class":66},[53,150466,38265],{"class":102},[53,150468,133],{"class":66},[20,150470,301],{},[44,150472,150474],{"className":46,"code":150473,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('abc',)\n",[15,150475,150476],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150477,150478,150480,150482,150484,150486],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150479,127],{"class":66},[53,150481,314],{"class":228},[53,150483,41432],{"class":232},[53,150485,314],{"class":228},[53,150487,149060],{"class":66},[1327,150489,150491],{"id":150490},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,150493,150494],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[44,150496,150498],{"className":46,"code":150497,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150499,150500,150517,150521,150531,150545],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150501,150502,150505,150507,150509,150511,150513,150515],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150503,150504],{"class":59},"my_tuple ",[53,150506,31],{"class":63},[53,150508,9124],{"class":66},[53,150510,229],{"class":228},[53,150512,233],{"class":232},[53,150514,229],{"class":228},[53,150516,149060],{"class":66},[53,150518,150519],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,150520,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,150522,150523,150525,150527,150529],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,150524,145],{"class":144},[53,150526,127],{"class":66},[53,150528,147722],{"class":102},[53,150530,133],{"class":66},[53,150532,150533,150535,150537,150539,150541,150543],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,150534,145],{"class":144},[53,150536,127],{"class":66},[53,150538,1705],{"class":1704},[53,150540,127],{"class":66},[53,150542,147722],{"class":102},[53,150544,1713],{"class":66},[53,150546,150547,150549,150551,150553,150555,150557],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,150548,145],{"class":144},[53,150550,127],{"class":66},[53,150552,11050],{"class":144},[53,150554,127],{"class":66},[53,150556,147722],{"class":102},[53,150558,1713],{"class":66},[39,150560,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,150562,150564],{"id":150563},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,150566,150567,150568,150571],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,150569,150570],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[1327,150573,150575],{"id":150574},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,150577,150578],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[1327,150580,150582],{"id":150581},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,150584,150585],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[1327,150587,150589],{"id":150588},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,150591,150592],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[1327,150594,5025,150596,12603],{"id":150595},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,150597,150364],{},[20,150599,5031,150600,150603],{},[15,150601,150602],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[39,150605,1788],{"id":1787},[194,150607,150608,150612,150616,150622,150627,150632,150636],{},[197,150609,150610],{},[758,150611,147704],{"href":147703},[197,150613,150614],{},[758,150615,149377],{"href":149376},[197,150617,150618],{},[758,150619,150621],{"href":150620},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[197,150623,150624],{},[758,150625,150626],{"href":148942},"Python tuple length with len()",[197,150628,150629],{},[758,150630,150631],{"href":149007},"What is a tuple in Python?",[197,150633,150634],{},[758,150635,62932],{"href":62931},[197,150637,150638],{},[758,150639,150640],{"href":150145},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[1817,150642,150643],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":150645},[150646,150647,150648,150649,150650,150651,150657,150663,150664,150672,150680],{"id":41,"depth":88,"text":42},{"id":15032,"depth":88,"text":15033},{"id":149236,"depth":88,"text":149237},{"id":149380,"depth":88,"text":149381},{"id":149473,"depth":88,"text":149474},{"id":149666,"depth":88,"text":149667,"children":150652},[150653,150654,150655,150656],{"id":150,"depth":109,"text":981},{"id":5192,"depth":109,"text":984},{"id":149758,"depth":109,"text":149759},{"id":149801,"depth":109,"text":149802},{"id":149908,"depth":88,"text":150658,"children":150659},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150660,150661,150662],{"id":104962,"depth":109,"text":104963},{"id":105148,"depth":109,"text":105149},{"id":150059,"depth":109,"text":150060},{"id":20668,"depth":88,"text":20669},{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716,"children":150665},[150666,150667,150668,150669,150671],{"id":150154,"depth":109,"text":150155},{"id":150234,"depth":109,"text":150235},{"id":150322,"depth":109,"text":150323},{"id":150361,"depth":109,"text":150670},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150490,"depth":109,"text":150491},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":150673},[150674,150675,150676,150677,150678],{"id":150563,"depth":109,"text":150564},{"id":150574,"depth":109,"text":150575},{"id":150581,"depth":109,"text":150582},{"id":150588,"depth":109,"text":150589},{"id":150595,"depth":109,"text":150679},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":148993,"description":150681},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150688,"title":150689,"body":150690,"description":152235,"extension":1853,"meta":152236,"navigation":112,"path":152237,"seo":152238,"stem":152239,"__hash__":152240},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150691,"toc":152205},[150692,150695,150700,150702,150715,150721,150723,150790,150792,150827,150832,150836,150840,150842,150853,150861,150863,150865,150886,150888,150908,150911,150913,150918,150961,150963,150985,150988,151001,151005,151009,151012,151065,151067,151088,151093,151097,151100,151145,151147,151180,151192,151196,151204,151241,151243,151272,151276,151279,151332,151334,151354,151361,151365,151370,151439,151441,151466,151470,151473,151479,151556,151558,151617,151619,151631,151636,151640,151644,151658,151660,151695,151697,151714,151717,151730,151734,151738,151749,151754,151769,151772,151775,151777,151780,151784,151786,151800,151802,151826,151831,151835,151838,151857,151860,151909,151914,151931,151934,151967,151971,151973,152024,152027,152052,152055,152078,152082,152088,152090,152125,152128,152133,152135,152139,152142,152146,152151,152155,152158,152162,152165,152169,152174,152176,152202],[10,150693,150689],{"id":150694},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,150696,9010,150697,150699],{},[15,150698,37921],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,150701,82304],{},[194,150703,150704,150709],{},[197,150705,150706,150708],{},[15,150707,37921],{}," creates an empty tuple",[197,150710,150711,150714],{},[15,150712,150713],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,150716,150717,150718,150720],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,150719,37921],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[39,150722,42],{"id":41},[44,150724,150726],{"className":46,"code":150725,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,150727,150728,150748,150762,150766,150776],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150729,150730,150732,150734,150736,150738,150740,150742,150744,150746],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150731,60],{"class":59},[53,150733,31],{"class":63},[53,150735,67],{"class":66},[53,150737,71],{"class":70},[53,150739,74],{"class":66},[53,150741,77],{"class":70},[53,150743,74],{"class":66},[53,150745,82],{"class":70},[53,150747,85],{"class":66},[53,150749,150750,150752,150754,150756,150758,150760],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,150751,2117],{"class":59},[53,150753,31],{"class":63},[53,150755,149070],{"class":1704},[53,150757,127],{"class":66},[53,150759,150],{"class":102},[53,150761,133],{"class":66},[53,150763,150764],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,150765,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,150767,150768,150770,150772,150774],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,150769,145],{"class":144},[53,150771,127],{"class":66},[53,150773,2152],{"class":102},[53,150775,133],{"class":66},[53,150777,150778,150780,150782,150784,150786,150788],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,150779,145],{"class":144},[53,150781,127],{"class":66},[53,150783,1705],{"class":1704},[53,150785,127],{"class":66},[53,150787,2152],{"class":102},[53,150789,1713],{"class":66},[20,150791,301],{},[44,150793,150795],{"className":46,"code":150794,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,150796,150797,150813],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150798,150799,150801,150803,150805,150807,150809,150811],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150800,127],{"class":66},[53,150802,71],{"class":70},[53,150804,74],{"class":66},[53,150806,77],{"class":70},[53,150808,74],{"class":66},[53,150810,82],{"class":70},[53,150812,133],{"class":66},[53,150814,150815,150817,150819,150821,150823,150825],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,150816,3178],{"class":63},[53,150818,3181],{"class":1954},[53,150820,323],{"class":228},[53,150822,48826],{"class":232},[53,150824,314],{"class":228},[53,150826,3190],{"class":63},[20,150828,174,150829,150831],{},[15,150830,150713],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[39,150833,150835],{"id":150834},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,150837,150838,62640],{},[15,150839,37921],{},[20,150841,48800],{},[194,150843,150844,150847,150850],{},[197,150845,150846],{},"creates a tuple object",[197,150848,150849],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[197,150851,150852],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,150854,150855,150856,150858,150859,99],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[758,150857,149008],{"href":149007}," or the full guide to ",[758,150860,147704],{"href":147703},[39,150862,372],{"id":371},[20,150864,26357],{},[44,150866,150868],{"className":46,"code":150867,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,150869,150870,150876],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150871,150872,150874],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150873,48826],{"class":1704},[53,150875,106],{"class":66},[53,150877,150878,150880,150882,150884],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,150879,48826],{"class":1704},[53,150881,127],{"class":66},[53,150883,3606],{"class":102},[53,150885,133],{"class":66},[20,150887,11347],{},[194,150889,150890,150893],{},[197,150891,150892],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[197,150894,150895,150896],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[194,150897,150898,150900,150902,150904,150906],{},[197,150899,5183],{},[197,150901,5192],{},[197,150903,62711],{},[197,150905,5189],{},[197,150907,7138],{},[20,150909,150910],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[39,150912,149381],{"id":149380},[20,150914,29521,150915,150917],{},[15,150916,37921],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[44,150919,150921],{"className":46,"code":150920,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,150922,150923,150933,150937,150947],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150924,150925,150927,150929,150931],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150926,124568],{"class":59},[53,150928,31],{"class":63},[53,150930,149070],{"class":1704},[53,150932,106],{"class":66},[53,150934,150935],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,150936,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,150938,150939,150941,150943,150945],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,150940,145],{"class":144},[53,150942,127],{"class":66},[53,150944,124619],{"class":102},[53,150946,133],{"class":66},[53,150948,150949,150951,150953,150955,150957,150959],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,150950,145],{"class":144},[53,150952,127],{"class":66},[53,150954,1705],{"class":1704},[53,150956,127],{"class":66},[53,150958,124619],{"class":102},[53,150960,1713],{"class":66},[20,150962,301],{},[44,150964,150965],{"className":46,"code":149426,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,150966,150967,150971],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150968,150969],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150970,106],{"class":66},[53,150972,150973,150975,150977,150979,150981,150983],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,150974,3178],{"class":63},[53,150976,3181],{"class":1954},[53,150978,323],{"class":228},[53,150980,48826],{"class":232},[53,150982,314],{"class":228},[53,150984,3190],{"class":63},[20,150986,150987],{},"This is equivalent to:",[44,150989,150991],{"className":46,"code":150990,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"empty = ()\n",[15,150992,150993],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150994,150995,150997,150999],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150996,124568],{"class":59},[53,150998,31],{"class":63},[53,151000,149046],{"class":66},[39,151002,151004],{"id":151003},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[1327,151006,151008],{"id":151007},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,151010,151011],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[44,151013,151015],{"className":46,"code":151014,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151016,151017,151037,151051,151055],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151018,151019,151021,151023,151025,151027,151029,151031,151033,151035],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151020,60],{"class":59},[53,151022,31],{"class":63},[53,151024,67],{"class":66},[53,151026,1188],{"class":70},[53,151028,74],{"class":66},[53,151030,1193],{"class":70},[53,151032,74],{"class":66},[53,151034,1198],{"class":70},[53,151036,85],{"class":66},[53,151038,151039,151041,151043,151045,151047,151049],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,151040,2117],{"class":59},[53,151042,31],{"class":63},[53,151044,149070],{"class":1704},[53,151046,127],{"class":66},[53,151048,150],{"class":102},[53,151050,133],{"class":66},[53,151052,151053],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,151054,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,151056,151057,151059,151061,151063],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,151058,145],{"class":144},[53,151060,127],{"class":66},[53,151062,2152],{"class":102},[53,151064,133],{"class":66},[20,151066,301],{},[44,151068,151070],{"className":46,"code":151069,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,151071,151072],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151073,151074,151076,151078,151080,151082,151084,151086],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151075,127],{"class":66},[53,151077,1188],{"class":70},[53,151079,74],{"class":66},[53,151081,1193],{"class":70},[53,151083,74],{"class":66},[53,151085,1198],{"class":70},[53,151087,133],{"class":66},[20,151089,151090,151091,99],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[758,151092,104768],{"href":59769},[1327,151094,151096],{"id":151095},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,151098,151099],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[44,151101,151103],{"className":46,"code":151102,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151104,151105,151117,151131,151135],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151106,151107,151109,151111,151113,151115],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151108,34561],{"class":59},[53,151110,31],{"class":63},[53,151112,240],{"class":228},[53,151114,36921],{"class":232},[53,151116,1682],{"class":228},[53,151118,151119,151121,151123,151125,151127,151129],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,151120,2117],{"class":59},[53,151122,31],{"class":63},[53,151124,149070],{"class":1704},[53,151126,127],{"class":66},[53,151128,34582],{"class":102},[53,151130,133],{"class":66},[53,151132,151133],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,151134,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,151136,151137,151139,151141,151143],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,151138,145],{"class":144},[53,151140,127],{"class":66},[53,151142,2152],{"class":102},[53,151144,133],{"class":66},[20,151146,301],{},[44,151148,151150],{"className":46,"code":151149,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,151151,151152],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151153,151154,151156,151158,151160,151162,151164,151166,151168,151170,151172,151174,151176,151178],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151155,127],{"class":66},[53,151157,314],{"class":228},[53,151159,9628],{"class":232},[53,151161,314],{"class":228},[53,151163,74],{"class":66},[53,151165,323],{"class":228},[53,151167,758],{"class":232},[53,151169,314],{"class":228},[53,151171,74],{"class":66},[53,151173,323],{"class":228},[53,151175,63001],{"class":232},[53,151177,314],{"class":228},[53,151179,133],{"class":66},[20,151181,151182,151183,32,151186,151188,151189,99],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,151184,151185],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[34,151187,36],{}," create ",[15,151190,151191],{},"('cat',)",[1327,151193,151195],{"id":151194},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,151197,151198,151200,151201,151203],{},[15,151199,36073],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,151202,37921],{}," collects them all.",[44,151205,151207],{"className":46,"code":151206,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151208,151209,151227,151231],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151210,151211,151213,151215,151217,151219,151221,151223,151225],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151212,2117],{"class":59},[53,151214,31],{"class":63},[53,151216,149070],{"class":1704},[53,151218,127],{"class":66},[53,151220,59712],{"class":144},[53,151222,127],{"class":66},[53,151224,2024],{"class":70},[53,151226,1713],{"class":66},[53,151228,151229],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,151230,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,151232,151233,151235,151237,151239],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,151234,145],{"class":144},[53,151236,127],{"class":66},[53,151238,2152],{"class":102},[53,151240,133],{"class":66},[20,151242,301],{},[44,151244,151246],{"className":46,"code":151245,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,151247,151248],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151249,151250,151252,151254,151256,151258,151260,151262,151264,151266,151268,151270],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151251,127],{"class":66},[53,151253,852],{"class":70},[53,151255,74],{"class":66},[53,151257,5382],{"class":70},[53,151259,74],{"class":66},[53,151261,77],{"class":70},[53,151263,74],{"class":66},[53,151265,82],{"class":70},[53,151267,74],{"class":66},[53,151269,597],{"class":70},[53,151271,133],{"class":66},[1327,151273,151275],{"id":151274},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,151277,151278],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[44,151280,151282],{"className":46,"code":151281,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151283,151284,151304,151318,151322],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151285,151286,151288,151290,151292,151294,151296,151298,151300,151302],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151287,3709],{"class":59},[53,151289,31],{"class":63},[53,151291,10379],{"class":66},[53,151293,71],{"class":70},[53,151295,74],{"class":66},[53,151297,77],{"class":70},[53,151299,74],{"class":66},[53,151301,82],{"class":70},[53,151303,9197],{"class":66},[53,151305,151306,151308,151310,151312,151314,151316],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,151307,2117],{"class":59},[53,151309,31],{"class":63},[53,151311,149070],{"class":1704},[53,151313,127],{"class":66},[53,151315,5242],{"class":102},[53,151317,133],{"class":66},[53,151319,151320],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,151321,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,151323,151324,151326,151328,151330],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,151325,145],{"class":144},[53,151327,127],{"class":66},[53,151329,2152],{"class":102},[53,151331,133],{"class":66},[20,151333,301],{},[44,151335,151336],{"className":46,"code":149283,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,151337,151338],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151339,151340,151342,151344,151346,151348,151350,151352],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151341,127],{"class":66},[53,151343,71],{"class":70},[53,151345,74],{"class":66},[53,151347,77],{"class":70},[53,151349,74],{"class":66},[53,151351,82],{"class":70},[53,151353,133],{"class":66},[20,151355,151356,151357,99],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[758,151358,151360],{"href":151359},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[1327,151362,151364],{"id":151363},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,151366,63254,151367,151369],{},[15,151368,37921],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[44,151371,151373],{"className":46,"code":151372,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151374,151375,151411,151425,151429],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151376,151377,151379,151381,151383,151385,151387,151389,151391,151393,151395,151397,151399,151401,151403,151405,151407,151409],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151378,13083],{"class":59},[53,151380,31],{"class":63},[53,151382,10379],{"class":66},[53,151384,229],{"class":228},[53,151386,1710],{"class":232},[53,151388,229],{"class":228},[53,151390,192],{"class":66},[53,151392,240],{"class":228},[53,151394,12765],{"class":232},[53,151396,229],{"class":228},[53,151398,74],{"class":66},[53,151400,240],{"class":228},[53,151402,9187],{"class":232},[53,151404,229],{"class":228},[53,151406,192],{"class":66},[53,151408,9194],{"class":70},[53,151410,9197],{"class":66},[53,151412,151413,151415,151417,151419,151421,151423],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,151414,2117],{"class":59},[53,151416,31],{"class":63},[53,151418,149070],{"class":1704},[53,151420,127],{"class":66},[53,151422,17177],{"class":102},[53,151424,133],{"class":66},[53,151426,151427],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,151428,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,151430,151431,151433,151435,151437],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,151432,145],{"class":144},[53,151434,127],{"class":66},[53,151436,2152],{"class":102},[53,151438,133],{"class":66},[20,151440,29901],{},[44,151442,151444],{"className":46,"code":151443,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,151445,151446],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151447,151448,151450,151452,151454,151456,151458,151460,151462,151464],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151449,127],{"class":66},[53,151451,314],{"class":228},[53,151453,1710],{"class":232},[53,151455,314],{"class":228},[53,151457,74],{"class":66},[53,151459,323],{"class":228},[53,151461,9187],{"class":232},[53,151463,314],{"class":228},[53,151465,133],{"class":66},[39,151467,151469],{"id":151468},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,151471,151472],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,151474,151475,151478],{},[15,151476,151477],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[44,151480,151482],{"className":46,"code":151481,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151483,151484,151520,151524,151538],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151485,151486,151488,151490,151492,151494,151496,151498,151500,151502,151504,151506,151508,151510,151512,151514,151516,151518],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151487,13083],{"class":59},[53,151489,31],{"class":63},[53,151491,10379],{"class":66},[53,151493,229],{"class":228},[53,151495,1710],{"class":232},[53,151497,229],{"class":228},[53,151499,192],{"class":66},[53,151501,240],{"class":228},[53,151503,12765],{"class":232},[53,151505,229],{"class":228},[53,151507,74],{"class":66},[53,151509,240],{"class":228},[53,151511,9187],{"class":232},[53,151513,229],{"class":228},[53,151515,192],{"class":66},[53,151517,9194],{"class":70},[53,151519,9197],{"class":66},[53,151521,151522],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,151523,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,151525,151526,151528,151530,151532,151534,151536],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,151527,145],{"class":144},[53,151529,127],{"class":66},[53,151531,48826],{"class":1704},[53,151533,127],{"class":66},[53,151535,17177],{"class":102},[53,151537,1713],{"class":66},[53,151539,151540,151542,151544,151546,151548,151550,151552,151554],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,151541,145],{"class":144},[53,151543,127],{"class":66},[53,151545,48826],{"class":1704},[53,151547,127],{"class":66},[53,151549,17177],{"class":102},[53,151551,99],{"class":66},[53,151553,7696],{"class":102},[53,151555,6176],{"class":66},[20,151557,301],{},[44,151559,151561],{"className":46,"code":151560,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151562,151563,151583],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151564,151565,151567,151569,151571,151573,151575,151577,151579,151581],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151566,127],{"class":66},[53,151568,314],{"class":228},[53,151570,1710],{"class":232},[53,151572,314],{"class":228},[53,151574,74],{"class":66},[53,151576,323],{"class":228},[53,151578,9187],{"class":232},[53,151580,314],{"class":228},[53,151582,133],{"class":66},[53,151584,151585,151587,151589,151591,151593,151595,151597,151599,151601,151603,151605,151607,151609,151611,151613,151615],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,151586,5395],{"class":66},[53,151588,314],{"class":228},[53,151590,1710],{"class":232},[53,151592,314],{"class":228},[53,151594,74],{"class":66},[53,151596,323],{"class":228},[53,151598,12765],{"class":232},[53,151600,314],{"class":228},[53,151602,9121],{"class":66},[53,151604,9124],{"class":66},[53,151606,314],{"class":228},[53,151608,9187],{"class":232},[53,151610,314],{"class":228},[53,151612,74],{"class":66},[53,151614,9194],{"class":70},[53,151616,1713],{"class":66},[20,151618,18562],{},[194,151620,151621,151626],{},[197,151622,151623,151625],{},[15,151624,151477],{}," for keys",[197,151627,151628,32430],{},[15,151629,151630],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,151632,151633,151634,99],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[758,151635,63264],{"href":63263},[39,151637,151639],{"id":151638},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,151641,151642,18186],{},[15,151643,37921],{},[194,151645,151646,151649,151652,151655],{},[197,151647,151648],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[197,151650,151651],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[197,151653,151654],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[197,151656,151657],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,151659,211],{},[44,151661,151663],{"className":46,"code":151662,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,151664,151665,151684],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151666,151667,151670,151672,151674,151676,151678,151680,151682],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151668,151669],{"class":59},"coordinates ",[53,151671,31],{"class":63},[53,151673,149070],{"class":1704},[53,151675,2873],{"class":66},[53,151677,130],{"class":70},[53,151679,74],{"class":66},[53,151681,5879],{"class":70},[53,151683,3777],{"class":66},[53,151685,151686,151688,151690,151693],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,151687,145],{"class":144},[53,151689,127],{"class":66},[53,151691,151692],{"class":102},"coordinates",[53,151694,133],{"class":66},[20,151696,301],{},[44,151698,151700],{"className":46,"code":151699,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(4, 7)\n",[15,151701,151702],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151703,151704,151706,151708,151710,151712],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151705,127],{"class":66},[53,151707,130],{"class":70},[53,151709,74],{"class":66},[53,151711,5879],{"class":70},[53,151713,133],{"class":66},[20,151715,151716],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[194,151718,151719,151721,151724,151727],{},[197,151720,151692],{},[197,151722,151723],{},"RGB colors",[197,151725,151726],{},"dates",[197,151728,151729],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[39,151731,151733],{"id":151732},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,151735,44300,151736,1152],{},[15,151737,37921],{},[194,151739,151740,151743,151746],{},[197,151741,151742],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[197,151744,151745],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[197,151747,151748],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,151750,116195,151751,151753],{},[34,151752,36],{}," work:",[44,151755,151757],{"className":46,"code":151756,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"tuple(5)\n",[15,151758,151759],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151760,151761,151763,151765,151767],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151762,48826],{"class":1704},[53,151764,127],{"class":66},[53,151766,2024],{"class":70},[53,151768,133],{"class":66},[20,151770,151771],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,151773,151774],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[39,151776,115033],{"id":115032},[20,151778,151779],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[1327,151781,151783],{"id":151782},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,151785,2723],{},[44,151787,151788],{"className":46,"code":151756,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,151789,151790],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151791,151792,151794,151796,151798],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151793,48826],{"class":1704},[53,151795,127],{"class":66},[53,151797,2024],{"class":70},[53,151799,133],{"class":66},[20,151801,29552],{},[44,151803,151804],{"className":46,"code":63368,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,151805,151806],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151807,151808,151810,151812,151814,151816,151818,151820,151822,151824],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151809,2892],{"class":1704},[53,151811,192],{"class":66},[53,151813,323],{"class":228},[53,151815,2075],{"class":232},[53,151817,314],{"class":228},[53,151819,24487],{"class":1704},[53,151821,7982],{"class":63},[53,151823,7985],{"class":63},[53,151825,63391],{"class":59},[20,151827,151828,151829,99],{},"If you see this, read ",[758,151830,62005],{"href":52472},[1327,151832,151834],{"id":151833},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,151836,151837],{},"This code:",[44,151839,151841],{"className":46,"code":151840,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,151842,151843],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151844,151845,151847,151849,151851,151853,151855],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151846,48826],{"class":1704},[53,151848,127],{"class":66},[53,151850,229],{"class":228},[53,151852,3732],{"class":232},[53,151854,229],{"class":228},[53,151856,133],{"class":66},[20,151858,151859],{},"returns:",[44,151861,151863],{"className":46,"code":151862,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,151864,151865],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151866,151867,151869,151871,151873,151875,151877,151879,151881,151883,151885,151887,151889,151891,151893,151895,151897,151899,151901,151903,151905,151907],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151868,127],{"class":66},[53,151870,314],{"class":228},[53,151872,60152],{"class":232},[53,151874,314],{"class":228},[53,151876,74],{"class":66},[53,151878,323],{"class":228},[53,151880,60161],{"class":232},[53,151882,314],{"class":228},[53,151884,74],{"class":66},[53,151886,323],{"class":228},[53,151888,60170],{"class":232},[53,151890,314],{"class":228},[53,151892,74],{"class":66},[53,151894,323],{"class":228},[53,151896,60170],{"class":232},[53,151898,314],{"class":228},[53,151900,74],{"class":66},[53,151902,323],{"class":228},[53,151904,60187],{"class":232},[53,151906,314],{"class":228},[53,151908,133],{"class":66},[20,151910,1006,151911,151913],{},[34,151912,36],{}," return:",[44,151915,151917],{"className":46,"code":151916,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('hello',)\n",[15,151918,151919],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151920,151921,151923,151925,151927,151929],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151922,127],{"class":66},[53,151924,314],{"class":228},[53,151926,3732],{"class":232},[53,151928,314],{"class":228},[53,151930,149060],{"class":66},[20,151932,151933],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[44,151935,151937],{"className":46,"code":151936,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,151938,151939,151956],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151940,151941,151944,151946,151948,151950,151952,151954],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151942,151943],{"class":59},"single ",[53,151945,31],{"class":63},[53,151947,9124],{"class":66},[53,151949,229],{"class":228},[53,151951,3732],{"class":232},[53,151953,229],{"class":228},[53,151955,149060],{"class":66},[53,151957,151958,151960,151962,151965],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,151959,145],{"class":144},[53,151961,127],{"class":66},[53,151963,151964],{"class":102},"single",[53,151966,133],{"class":66},[1327,151968,151970],{"id":151969},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,151972,151837],{},[44,151974,151976],{"className":46,"code":151975,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,151977,151978,152010],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151979,151980,151982,151984,151986,151988,151990,151992,151994,151996,151998,152000,152002,152004,152006,152008],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151981,9053],{"class":59},[53,151983,31],{"class":63},[53,151985,10379],{"class":66},[53,151987,229],{"class":228},[53,151989,758],{"class":232},[53,151991,229],{"class":228},[53,151993,192],{"class":66},[53,151995,5382],{"class":70},[53,151997,74],{"class":66},[53,151999,240],{"class":228},[53,152001,1376],{"class":232},[53,152003,229],{"class":228},[53,152005,192],{"class":66},[53,152007,77],{"class":70},[53,152009,9197],{"class":66},[53,152011,152012,152014,152016,152018,152020,152022],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,152013,145],{"class":144},[53,152015,127],{"class":66},[53,152017,48826],{"class":1704},[53,152019,127],{"class":66},[53,152021,9092],{"class":102},[53,152023,1713],{"class":66},[20,152025,152026],{},"returns only the keys:",[44,152028,152030],{"className":46,"code":152029,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,152031,152032],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,152033,152034,152036,152038,152040,152042,152044,152046,152048,152050],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,152035,127],{"class":66},[53,152037,314],{"class":228},[53,152039,758],{"class":232},[53,152041,314],{"class":228},[53,152043,74],{"class":66},[53,152045,323],{"class":228},[53,152047,1376],{"class":232},[53,152049,314],{"class":228},[53,152051,133],{"class":66},[20,152053,152054],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[44,152056,152058],{"className":46,"code":152057,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,152059,152060],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,152061,152062,152064,152066,152068,152070,152072,152074,152076],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,152063,145],{"class":144},[53,152065,127],{"class":66},[53,152067,48826],{"class":1704},[53,152069,127],{"class":66},[53,152071,9092],{"class":102},[53,152073,99],{"class":66},[53,152075,7696],{"class":102},[53,152077,6176],{"class":66},[1327,152079,152081],{"id":152080},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,152083,152084,152085,152087],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,152086,37921],{}," conversion.",[20,152089,5356],{},[44,152091,152093],{"className":46,"code":152092,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,152094,152095,152115],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,152096,152097,152099,152101,152103,152105,152107,152109,152111,152113],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,152098,2335],{"class":59},[53,152100,31],{"class":63},[53,152102,9124],{"class":66},[53,152104,71],{"class":70},[53,152106,74],{"class":66},[53,152108,77],{"class":70},[53,152110,74],{"class":66},[53,152112,82],{"class":70},[53,152114,133],{"class":66},[53,152116,152117,152119,152121,152123],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,152118,145],{"class":144},[53,152120,127],{"class":66},[53,152122,2360],{"class":102},[53,152124,133],{"class":66},[20,152126,152127],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,152129,25376,152130,152132],{},[15,152131,37921],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[39,152134,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,152136,152138],{"id":152137},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,152140,152141],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[1327,152143,152145],{"id":152144},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,152147,152148,152149,99],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,152150,7253],{},[1327,152152,152154],{"id":152153},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,152156,152157],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[1327,152159,152161],{"id":152160},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,152163,152164],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[1327,152166,152168],{"id":152167},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,152170,152171,152172,99],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,152173,2892],{},[39,152175,1788],{"id":1787},[194,152177,152178,152182,152186,152190,152194,152198],{},[197,152179,152180],{},[758,152181,147704],{"href":147703},[197,152183,152184],{},[758,152185,150631],{"href":149007},[197,152187,152188],{},[758,152189,104768],{"href":59769},[197,152191,152192],{},[758,152193,151360],{"href":151359},[197,152195,152196],{},[758,152197,63264],{"href":63263},[197,152199,152200],{},[758,152201,62005],{"href":52472},[1817,152203,152204],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":152206},[152207,152208,152209,152210,152211,152218,152219,152220,152221,152227,152234],{"id":41,"depth":88,"text":42},{"id":150834,"depth":88,"text":150835},{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372},{"id":149380,"depth":88,"text":149381},{"id":151003,"depth":88,"text":151004,"children":152212},[152213,152214,152215,152216,152217],{"id":151007,"depth":109,"text":151008},{"id":151095,"depth":109,"text":151096},{"id":151194,"depth":109,"text":151195},{"id":151274,"depth":109,"text":151275},{"id":151363,"depth":109,"text":151364},{"id":151468,"depth":88,"text":151469},{"id":151638,"depth":88,"text":151639},{"id":151732,"depth":88,"text":151733},{"id":115032,"depth":88,"text":115033,"children":152222},[152223,152224,152225,152226],{"id":151782,"depth":109,"text":151783},{"id":151833,"depth":109,"text":151834},{"id":151969,"depth":109,"text":151970},{"id":152080,"depth":109,"text":152081},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":152228},[152229,152230,152231,152232,152233],{"id":152137,"depth":109,"text":152138},{"id":152144,"depth":109,"text":152145},{"id":152153,"depth":109,"text":152154},{"id":152160,"depth":109,"text":152161},{"id":152167,"depth":109,"text":152168},{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150689,"description":152235},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152242,"title":152243,"body":152244,"description":153657,"extension":1853,"meta":153658,"navigation":112,"path":153659,"seo":153660,"stem":153661,"__hash__":153662},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152245,"toc":153629},[152246,152251,152256,152259,152261,152340,152346,152351,152355,152370,152372,152419,152421,152429,152437,152443,152445,152450,152470,152473,152500,152502,152526,152528,152670,152672,152676,152684,152687,152689,152766,152768,152776,152780,152784,152794,152804,152806,152811,152813,152872,152877,152879,152979,152981,152995,153000,153006,153013,153016,153018,153128,153132,153149,153151,153214,153216,153224,153236,153240,153245,153273,153276,153358,153360,153371,153373,153377,153404,153406,153408,153488,153496,153498,153553,153555,153560,153563,153567,153571,153573,153577,153581,153589,153596,153599,153601,153626],[10,152247,147588,152249,18],{"id":152248},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,152250,58681],{},[20,152252,152253,152255],{},[15,152254,148909],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,152257,152258],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[39,152260,42],{"id":41},[44,152262,152264],{"className":46,"code":152263,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,152265,152266,152306,152328],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,152267,152268,152270,152272,152274,152276,152278,152280,152282,152284,152286,152288,152290,152292,152294,152296,152298,152300,152302,152304],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,152269,1025],{"class":59},[53,152271,31],{"class":63},[53,152273,9124],{"class":66},[53,152275,229],{"class":228},[53,152277,1034],{"class":232},[53,152279,229],{"class":228},[53,152281,74],{"class":66},[53,152283,240],{"class":228},[53,152285,1043],{"class":232},[53,152287,229],{"class":228},[53,152289,74],{"class":66},[53,152291,240],{"class":228},[53,152293,17324],{"class":232},[53,152295,229],{"class":228},[53,152297,74],{"class":66},[53,152299,240],{"class":228},[53,152301,1043],{"class":232},[53,152303,229],{"class":228},[53,152305,133],{"class":66},[53,152307,152308,152310,152312,152314,152316,152318,152320,152322,152324,152326],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,152309,64634],{"class":59},[53,152311,31],{"class":63},[53,152313,1057],{"class":59},[53,152315,99],{"class":66},[53,152317,35721],{"class":102},[53,152319,127],{"class":66},[53,152321,229],{"class":228},[53,152323,1043],{"class":232},[53,152325,229],{"class":228},[53,152327,133],{"class":66},[53,152329,152330,152332,152334,152336,152338],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,152331,145],{"class":144},[53,152333,127],{"class":66},[53,152335,64661],{"class":102},[53,152337,153],{"class":66},[53,152339,27650],{"class":156},[20,152341,152342,152345],{},[15,152343,152344],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[39,152347,184,152349,187],{"id":152348},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,152350,148909],{},[20,152352,1870,152353,11301],{},[15,152354,58681],{},[194,152356,152357,152360,152362,152365],{},[197,152358,152359],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[197,152361,128186],{},[197,152363,152364],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[197,152366,152367,152368],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,152369,852],{},[20,152371,211],{},[44,152373,152375],{"className":46,"code":152374,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,152376,152377,152401],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,152378,152379,152381,152383,152385,152387,152389,152391,152393,152395,152397,152399],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,152380,60],{"class":59},[53,152382,31],{"class":63},[53,152384,9124],{"class":66},[53,152386,1188],{"class":70},[53,152388,74],{"class":66},[53,152390,1193],{"class":70},[53,152392,74],{"class":66},[53,152394,1198],{"class":70},[53,152396,74],{"class":66},[53,152398,1193],{"class":70},[53,152400,133],{"class":66},[53,152402,152403,152405,152407,152409,152411,152413,152415,152417],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,152404,145],{"class":144},[53,152406,127],{"class":66},[53,152408,150],{"class":102},[53,152410,99],{"class":66},[53,152412,35721],{"class":102},[53,152414,127],{"class":66},[53,152416,15625],{"class":70},[53,152418,1713],{"class":66},[20,152420,301],{},[44,152422,152423],{"className":46,"code":46789,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,152424,152425],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,152426,152427],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,152428,46789],{"class":70},[20,152430,20846,152431,152433,152434,152436],{},[15,152432,15625],{}," appears twice, ",[15,152435,58681],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,152438,150855,152439,99],{},[758,152440,152442],{"href":152441},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[39,152444,372],{"id":371},[20,152446,7650,152447,152449],{},[15,152448,58681],{}," in two ways:",[44,152451,152453],{"className":46,"code":152452,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,152454,152455],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,152456,152457,152460,152462,152464,152466,152468],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,152458,152459],{"class":59},"tuple_name",[53,152461,99],{"class":66},[53,152463,35721],{"class":102},[53,152465,127],{"class":66},[53,152467,2360],{"class":102},[53,152469,133],{"class":66},[20,152471,152472],{},"or:",[44,152474,152476],{"className":46,"code":152475,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,152477,152478],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,152479,152480,152482,152484,152486,152488,152490,152492,152494,152496,152498],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,152481,152459],{"class":59},[53,152483,99],{"class":66},[53,152485,35721],{"class":102},[53,152487,127],{"class":66},[53,152489,2360],{"class":102},[53,152491,74],{"class":66},[53,152493,35927],{"class":102},[53,152495,74],{"class":66},[53,152497,64755],{"class":102},[53,152499,133],{"class":66},[1327,152501,17265],{"id":17264},[194,152503,152504,152509,152514,152519],{},[197,152505,152506,152508],{},[15,152507,2360],{}," — the item to search for",[197,152510,152511,152513],{},[15,152512,35948],{}," — optional starting position",[197,152515,152516,152518],{},[15,152517,52532],{}," — optional ending position",[197,152520,152521,4669,152523,152525],{},[15,152522,52532],{},[34,152524,64784],{}," in the search",[20,152527,211],{},[44,152529,152531],{"className":46,"code":152530,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,152532,152533,152581,152585,152610,152638],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,152534,152535,152537,152539,152541,152543,152545,152547,152549,152551,152553,152555,152557,152559,152561,152563,152565,152567,152569,152571,152573,152575,152577,152579],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,152536,35966],{"class":59},[53,152538,31],{"class":63},[53,152540,9124],{"class":66},[53,152542,229],{"class":228},[53,152544,758],{"class":232},[53,152546,229],{"class":228},[53,152548,74],{"class":66},[53,152550,240],{"class":228},[53,152552,1376],{"class":232},[53,152554,229],{"class":228},[53,152556,74],{"class":66},[53,152558,240],{"class":228},[53,152560,9628],{"class":232},[53,152562,229],{"class":228},[53,152564,74],{"class":66},[53,152566,240],{"class":228},[53,152568,1376],{"class":232},[53,152570,229],{"class":228},[53,152572,74],{"class":66},[53,152574,240],{"class":228},[53,152576,18635],{"class":232},[53,152578,229],{"class":228},[53,152580,133],{"class":66},[53,152582,152583],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,152584,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,152586,152587,152589,152591,152593,152595,152597,152599,152601,152603,152605,152607],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,152588,145],{"class":144},[53,152590,127],{"class":66},[53,152592,36019],{"class":102},[53,152594,99],{"class":66},[53,152596,35721],{"class":102},[53,152598,127],{"class":66},[53,152600,229],{"class":228},[53,152602,1376],{"class":232},[53,152604,229],{"class":228},[53,152606,5245],{"class":66},[53,152608,152609],{"class":156},"        # 1\n",[53,152611,152612,152614,152616,152618,152620,152622,152624,152626,152628,152630,152632,152634,152636],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,152613,145],{"class":144},[53,152615,127],{"class":66},[53,152617,36019],{"class":102},[53,152619,99],{"class":66},[53,152621,35721],{"class":102},[53,152623,127],{"class":66},[53,152625,229],{"class":228},[53,152627,1376],{"class":232},[53,152629,229],{"class":228},[53,152631,74],{"class":66},[53,152633,77],{"class":70},[53,152635,5245],{"class":66},[53,152637,50791],{"class":156},[53,152639,152640,152642,152644,152646,152648,152650,152652,152654,152656,152658,152660,152662,152664,152666,152668],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,152641,145],{"class":144},[53,152643,127],{"class":66},[53,152645,36019],{"class":102},[53,152647,99],{"class":66},[53,152649,35721],{"class":102},[53,152651,127],{"class":66},[53,152653,229],{"class":228},[53,152655,1376],{"class":232},[53,152657,229],{"class":228},[53,152659,74],{"class":66},[53,152661,5382],{"class":70},[53,152663,74],{"class":66},[53,152665,82],{"class":70},[53,152667,5245],{"class":66},[53,152669,27650],{"class":156},[39,152671,103095],{"id":103094},[20,152673,152674,25379],{},[15,152675,148909],{},[194,152677,152678,152681],{},[197,152679,152680],{},"An integer",[197,152682,152683],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,152685,152686],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,152688,211],{},[44,152690,152692],{"className":46,"code":152691,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,152693,152694,152734,152756],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,152695,152696,152698,152700,152702,152704,152706,152708,152710,152712,152714,152716,152718,152720,152722,152724,152726,152728,152730,152732],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,152697,108194],{"class":59},[53,152699,31],{"class":63},[53,152701,9124],{"class":66},[53,152703,229],{"class":228},[53,152705,36921],{"class":232},[53,152707,229],{"class":228},[53,152709,74],{"class":66},[53,152711,240],{"class":228},[53,152713,57840],{"class":232},[53,152715,229],{"class":228},[53,152717,74],{"class":66},[53,152719,240],{"class":228},[53,152721,57857],{"class":232},[53,152723,229],{"class":228},[53,152725,74],{"class":66},[53,152727,240],{"class":228},[53,152729,57840],{"class":232},[53,152731,229],{"class":228},[53,152733,133],{"class":66},[53,152735,152736,152738,152740,152742,152744,152746,152748,152750,152752,152754],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,152737,2117],{"class":59},[53,152739,31],{"class":63},[53,152741,108237],{"class":59},[53,152743,99],{"class":66},[53,152745,35721],{"class":102},[53,152747,127],{"class":66},[53,152749,229],{"class":228},[53,152751,57840],{"class":232},[53,152753,229],{"class":228},[53,152755,133],{"class":66},[53,152757,152758,152760,152762,152764],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,152759,145],{"class":144},[53,152761,127],{"class":66},[53,152763,2152],{"class":102},[53,152765,133],{"class":66},[20,152767,301],{},[44,152769,152770],{"className":46,"code":46789,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,152771,152772],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,152773,152774],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,152775,46789],{"class":70},[39,152777,152779],{"id":152778},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,152781,174,152782,1152],{},[15,152783,148909],{},[194,152785,152786,152788,152791],{},[197,152787,65813],{},[197,152789,152790],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[197,152792,152793],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,152795,152796,152797,152800,152801,99],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,152798,152799],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[758,152802,149377],{"href":152803},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[39,152805,65345],{"id":65344},[20,152807,152808,152809,99],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,152810,40576],{},[20,152812,211],{},[44,152814,152816],{"className":46,"code":152815,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,152817,152818,152850],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,152819,152820,152822,152824,152826,152828,152830,152832,152834,152836,152838,152840,152842,152844,152846,152848],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,152821,1025],{"class":59},[53,152823,31],{"class":63},[53,152825,9124],{"class":66},[53,152827,229],{"class":228},[53,152829,1034],{"class":232},[53,152831,229],{"class":228},[53,152833,74],{"class":66},[53,152835,240],{"class":228},[53,152837,1043],{"class":232},[53,152839,229],{"class":228},[53,152841,74],{"class":66},[53,152843,240],{"class":228},[53,152845,17324],{"class":232},[53,152847,229],{"class":228},[53,152849,133],{"class":66},[53,152851,152852,152854,152856,152858,152860,152862,152864,152866,152868,152870],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,152853,145],{"class":144},[53,152855,127],{"class":66},[53,152857,1115],{"class":102},[53,152859,99],{"class":66},[53,152861,35721],{"class":102},[53,152863,127],{"class":66},[53,152865,229],{"class":228},[53,152867,22393],{"class":232},[53,152869,229],{"class":228},[53,152871,1713],{"class":66},[20,152873,39526,152874,152876],{},[15,152875,109519],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,152878,65420],{},[44,152880,152882],{"className":46,"code":152881,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,152883,152884,152916,152920,152936,152958,152964],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,152885,152886,152888,152890,152892,152894,152896,152898,152900,152902,152904,152906,152908,152910,152912,152914],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,152887,1025],{"class":59},[53,152889,31],{"class":63},[53,152891,9124],{"class":66},[53,152893,229],{"class":228},[53,152895,1034],{"class":232},[53,152897,229],{"class":228},[53,152899,74],{"class":66},[53,152901,240],{"class":228},[53,152903,1043],{"class":232},[53,152905,229],{"class":228},[53,152907,74],{"class":66},[53,152909,240],{"class":228},[53,152911,17324],{"class":232},[53,152913,229],{"class":228},[53,152915,133],{"class":66},[53,152917,152918],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,152919,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,152921,152922,152924,152926,152928,152930,152932,152934],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,152923,6884],{"class":3764},[53,152925,240],{"class":228},[53,152927,22393],{"class":232},[53,152929,229],{"class":228},[53,152931,21042],{"class":63},[53,152933,1057],{"class":59},[53,152935,6280],{"class":66},[53,152937,152938,152940,152942,152944,152946,152948,152950,152952,152954,152956],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,152939,7954],{"class":144},[53,152941,127],{"class":66},[53,152943,1115],{"class":102},[53,152945,99],{"class":66},[53,152947,35721],{"class":102},[53,152949,127],{"class":66},[53,152951,229],{"class":228},[53,152953,22393],{"class":232},[53,152955,229],{"class":228},[53,152957,1713],{"class":66},[53,152959,152960,152962],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,152961,27304],{"class":3764},[53,152963,6280],{"class":66},[53,152965,152966,152968,152970,152972,152975,152977],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,152967,7954],{"class":144},[53,152969,127],{"class":66},[53,152971,229],{"class":228},[53,152973,152974],{"class":232},"Value not found",[53,152976,229],{"class":228},[53,152978,133],{"class":66},[20,152980,301],{},[44,152982,152984],{"className":46,"code":152983,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Value not found\n",[15,152985,152986],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,152987,152988,152991,152993],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,152989,152990],{"class":59},"Value ",[53,152992,36],{"class":63},[53,152994,65544],{"class":59},[20,152996,152997,152998,99],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[758,152999,65554],{"href":65553},[39,153001,485,153002,960,153004],{"id":65121},[15,153003,35948],{},[15,153005,52532],{},[20,153007,1870,153008,960,153010,153012],{},[15,153009,35948],{},[15,153011,52532],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,153014,153015],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,153017,211],{},[44,153019,153021],{"className":46,"code":153020,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,153022,153023,153051,153055,153076,153100],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,153024,153025,153027,153029,153031,153033,153035,153037,153039,153041,153043,153045,153047,153049],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,153026,3709],{"class":59},[53,153028,31],{"class":63},[53,153030,9124],{"class":66},[53,153032,2024],{"class":70},[53,153034,74],{"class":66},[53,153036,5890],{"class":70},[53,153038,74],{"class":66},[53,153040,4491],{"class":70},[53,153042,74],{"class":66},[53,153044,1193],{"class":70},[53,153046,74],{"class":66},[53,153048,4491],{"class":70},[53,153050,133],{"class":66},[53,153052,153053],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,153054,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,153056,153057,153059,153061,153063,153065,153067,153069,153071,153073],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,153058,145],{"class":144},[53,153060,127],{"class":66},[53,153062,5242],{"class":102},[53,153064,99],{"class":66},[53,153066,35721],{"class":102},[53,153068,127],{"class":66},[53,153070,2024],{"class":70},[53,153072,5245],{"class":66},[53,153074,153075],{"class":156},"        # 0\n",[53,153077,153078,153080,153082,153084,153086,153088,153090,153092,153094,153096,153098],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,153079,145],{"class":144},[53,153081,127],{"class":66},[53,153083,5242],{"class":102},[53,153085,99],{"class":66},[53,153087,35721],{"class":102},[53,153089,127],{"class":66},[53,153091,2024],{"class":70},[53,153093,74],{"class":66},[53,153095,5382],{"class":70},[53,153097,5245],{"class":66},[53,153099,50825],{"class":156},[53,153101,153102,153104,153106,153108,153110,153112,153114,153116,153118,153120,153122,153124,153126],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,153103,145],{"class":144},[53,153105,127],{"class":66},[53,153107,5242],{"class":102},[53,153109,99],{"class":66},[53,153111,35721],{"class":102},[53,153113,127],{"class":66},[53,153115,2024],{"class":70},[53,153117,74],{"class":66},[53,153119,82],{"class":70},[53,153121,74],{"class":66},[53,153123,4491],{"class":70},[53,153125,5245],{"class":66},[53,153127,50808],{"class":156},[1327,153129,153131],{"id":153130},"how-it-works","How it works",[194,153133,153134,153139,153144],{},[197,153135,153136,153138],{},[15,153137,35948],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[197,153140,153141,153143],{},[15,153142,52532],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[197,153145,1870,153146,153148],{},[15,153147,52532],{}," position itself is not included",[20,153150,211],{},[44,153152,153154],{"className":46,"code":153153,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,153155,153156,153184,153188],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,153157,153158,153160,153162,153164,153166,153168,153170,153172,153174,153176,153178,153180,153182],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,153159,3709],{"class":59},[53,153161,31],{"class":63},[53,153163,9124],{"class":66},[53,153165,2024],{"class":70},[53,153167,74],{"class":66},[53,153169,5890],{"class":70},[53,153171,74],{"class":66},[53,153173,4491],{"class":70},[53,153175,74],{"class":66},[53,153177,1193],{"class":70},[53,153179,74],{"class":66},[53,153181,4491],{"class":70},[53,153183,133],{"class":66},[53,153185,153186],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,153187,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,153189,153190,153192,153194,153196,153198,153200,153202,153204,153206,153208,153210,153212],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,153191,145],{"class":144},[53,153193,127],{"class":66},[53,153195,5242],{"class":102},[53,153197,99],{"class":66},[53,153199,35721],{"class":102},[53,153201,127],{"class":66},[53,153203,2024],{"class":70},[53,153205,74],{"class":66},[53,153207,5382],{"class":70},[53,153209,74],{"class":66},[53,153211,597],{"class":70},[53,153213,1713],{"class":66},[20,153215,301],{},[44,153217,153218],{"className":46,"code":16926,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,153219,153220],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,153221,153222],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,153223,16926],{"class":70},[20,153225,153226,153227,2076,153229,16942,153231,153233,153234,99],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,153228,71],{},[15,153230,1589],{},[15,153232,815],{},", but not ",[15,153235,130],{},[39,153237,153239],{"id":153238},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,153241,153242,153243,192],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,153244,148909],{},[194,153246,153247,153255,153260,153267],{},[197,153248,153249,153250,153252,153253],{},"Do not confuse the ",[34,153251,2360],{}," with the ",[34,153254,35721],{},[197,153256,153257,153258],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,153259,852],{},[197,153261,174,153262,153266],{},[758,153263,148935,153264,1316],{"href":148987},[15,153265,57003],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[197,153268,153269,153270,153272],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,153271,152799],{}," when you already know the position",[20,153274,153275],{},"Example of value vs index:",[44,153277,153279],{"className":46,"code":153278,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,153280,153281,153313,153317,153341],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,153282,153283,153285,153287,153289,153291,153293,153295,153297,153299,153301,153303,153305,153307,153309,153311],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,153284,221],{"class":59},[53,153286,31],{"class":63},[53,153288,9124],{"class":66},[53,153290,229],{"class":228},[53,153292,233],{"class":232},[53,153294,229],{"class":228},[53,153296,74],{"class":66},[53,153298,240],{"class":228},[53,153300,243],{"class":232},[53,153302,229],{"class":228},[53,153304,74],{"class":66},[53,153306,240],{"class":228},[53,153308,252],{"class":232},[53,153310,229],{"class":228},[53,153312,133],{"class":66},[53,153314,153315],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,153316,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,153318,153319,153321,153323,153325,153327,153329,153331,153333,153335,153337,153339],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,153320,145],{"class":144},[53,153322,127],{"class":66},[53,153324,285],{"class":102},[53,153326,99],{"class":66},[53,153328,35721],{"class":102},[53,153330,127],{"class":66},[53,153332,229],{"class":228},[53,153334,243],{"class":232},[53,153336,229],{"class":228},[53,153338,5245],{"class":66},[53,153340,27650],{"class":156},[53,153342,153343,153345,153347,153349,153351,153353,153355],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,153344,145],{"class":144},[53,153346,127],{"class":66},[53,153348,285],{"class":102},[53,153350,311],{"class":66},[53,153352,71],{"class":70},[53,153354,20314],{"class":66},[53,153356,153357],{"class":156},"               # banana\n",[20,153359,2065],{},[194,153361,153362,153366],{},[197,153363,153364,15117],{},[15,153365,64989],{},[197,153367,153368,153370],{},[15,153369,71],{}," is the index",[39,153372,2716],{"id":2715},[20,153374,105833,153375,192],{},[15,153376,148909],{},[194,153378,153379,153382,153387,153392,153399],{},[197,153380,153381],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[197,153383,8339,153384,153386],{},[15,153385,58681],{}," to return all matching positions",[197,153388,153389,153390],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,153391,852],{},[197,153393,153394,153395,960,153397],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,153396,35948],{},[15,153398,52532],{},[197,153400,37078,153401,153403],{},[15,153402,148909],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[1327,153405,60424],{"id":60423},[20,153407,94095],{},[44,153409,153411],{"className":46,"code":153410,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,153412,153413,153423,153437,153452,153470],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,153414,153415,153417,153419,153421],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,153416,145],{"class":144},[53,153418,127],{"class":66},[53,153420,147722],{"class":102},[53,153422,133],{"class":66},[53,153424,153425,153427,153429,153431,153433,153435],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,153426,145],{"class":144},[53,153428,127],{"class":66},[53,153430,11050],{"class":144},[53,153432,127],{"class":66},[53,153434,147722],{"class":102},[53,153436,1713],{"class":66},[53,153438,153439,153441,153443,153445,153447,153450],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,153440,145],{"class":144},[53,153442,127],{"class":66},[53,153444,2335],{"class":102},[53,153446,3771],{"class":3764},[53,153448,153449],{"class":102}," my_tuple",[53,153451,133],{"class":66},[53,153453,153454,153456,153458,153460,153462,153464,153466,153468],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,153455,145],{"class":144},[53,153457,127],{"class":66},[53,153459,147722],{"class":102},[53,153461,99],{"class":66},[53,153463,41131],{"class":102},[53,153465,127],{"class":66},[53,153467,2360],{"class":102},[53,153469,1713],{"class":66},[53,153471,153472,153474,153476,153478,153480,153482,153484,153486],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,153473,145],{"class":144},[53,153475,127],{"class":66},[53,153477,147722],{"class":102},[53,153479,99],{"class":66},[53,153481,35721],{"class":102},[53,153483,127],{"class":66},[53,153485,2360],{"class":102},[53,153487,1713],{"class":66},[20,153489,153490,153491,84112,153493,153495],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,153492,40576],{},[15,153494,2360],{}," is missing.",[20,153497,129339],{},[44,153499,153501],{"className":46,"code":153500,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153502,153503,153515,153533,153539],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,153504,153505,153507,153509,153511,153513],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,153506,6884],{"class":3764},[53,153508,21453],{"class":59},[53,153510,3771],{"class":63},[53,153512,153449],{"class":59},[53,153514,6280],{"class":66},[53,153516,153517,153519,153521,153523,153525,153527,153529,153531],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,153518,7954],{"class":144},[53,153520,127],{"class":66},[53,153522,147722],{"class":102},[53,153524,99],{"class":66},[53,153526,35721],{"class":102},[53,153528,127],{"class":66},[53,153530,2360],{"class":102},[53,153532,1713],{"class":66},[53,153534,153535,153537],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,153536,27304],{"class":3764},[53,153538,6280],{"class":66},[53,153540,153541,153543,153545,153547,153549,153551],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,153542,7954],{"class":144},[53,153544,127],{"class":66},[53,153546,229],{"class":228},[53,153548,152974],{"class":232},[53,153550,229],{"class":228},[53,153552,133],{"class":66},[39,153554,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,153556,5025,153558,12603],{"id":153557},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,153559,148909],{},[20,153561,153562],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[1327,153564,153566],{"id":153565},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,153568,153569,152436],{},[15,153570,148909],{},[1327,153572,148888],{"id":148887},[20,153574,76573,153575,99],{},[15,153576,40576],{},[1327,153578,153580],{"id":153579},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,153582,153583,153584,960,153586,153588],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,153585,35948],{},[15,153587,52532],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[1327,153590,1756,153592,1779,153594,1744],{"id":153591},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,153593,148909],{},[15,153595,64580],{},[20,153597,153598],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[39,153600,1788],{"id":1787},[194,153602,153603,153609,153613,153618,153622],{},[197,153604,153605],{},[758,153606,148935,153607,1316],{"href":148987},[15,153608,57003],{},[197,153610,153611],{},[758,153612,149377],{"href":152803},[197,153614,153615],{},[758,153616,153617],{"href":150683},"Creating a tuple in Python",[197,153619,153620],{},[758,153621,65554],{"href":65553},[197,153623,153624],{},[758,153625,150631],{"href":152441},[1817,153627,153628],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372,"children":153635},[153636],{"id":17264,"depth":109,"text":17265},{"id":103094,"depth":88,"text":103095},{"id":152778,"depth":88,"text":152779},{"id":65344,"depth":88,"text":65345},{"id":65121,"depth":88,"text":65904,"children":153641},[153642],{"id":153130,"depth":109,"text":153131},{"id":153238,"depth":88,"text":153239},{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716,"children":153645},[153646],{"id":60423,"depth":109,"text":60424},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":153648},[153649,153651,153652,153653,153654],{"id":153557,"depth":109,"text":153650},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153565,"depth":109,"text":153566},{"id":148887,"depth":109,"text":148888},{"id":153579,"depth":109,"text":153580},{"id":153591,"depth":109,"text":153655},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152243,"description":153657},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153664,"title":153665,"body":153666,"description":155061,"extension":1853,"meta":155062,"navigation":112,"path":152803,"seo":155063,"stem":155064,"__hash__":155065},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153667,"toc":155043},[153668,153671,153674,153677,153691,153693,153696,153790,153800,153806,153810,153813,153816,153818,153836,153838,153909,153911,153928,153932,153936,153939,153956,153959,153974,153976,154067,154070,154074,154077,154094,154096,154191,154194,154197,154201,154204,154298,154300,154319,154322,154326,154329,154331,154386,154388,154423,154426,154440,154448,154541,154550,154554,154557,154564,154567,154614,154616,154624,154627,154678,154680,154697,154702,154706,154709,154712,154714,154765,154768,154823,154826,154829,154831,154834,154854,154856,154929,154932,154945,154947,154951,154956,154960,154965,154982,154986,154989,155006,155010,155013,155015,155040],[10,153669,153665],{"id":153670},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,153672,153673],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,153675,153676],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[194,153678,153679,153682,153685,153688],{},[197,153680,153681],{},"positive indexes",[197,153683,153684],{},"negative indexes",[197,153686,153687],{},"common indexing mistakes",[197,153689,153690],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[39,153692,3497],{"id":3496},[20,153694,153695],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[44,153697,153699],{"className":46,"code":153698,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,153700,153701,153733,153737,153754,153771],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,153702,153703,153705,153707,153709,153711,153713,153715,153717,153719,153721,153723,153725,153727,153729,153731],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,153704,1025],{"class":59},[53,153706,31],{"class":63},[53,153708,9124],{"class":66},[53,153710,229],{"class":228},[53,153712,1034],{"class":232},[53,153714,229],{"class":228},[53,153716,74],{"class":66},[53,153718,240],{"class":228},[53,153720,17324],{"class":232},[53,153722,229],{"class":228},[53,153724,74],{"class":66},[53,153726,240],{"class":228},[53,153728,1043],{"class":232},[53,153730,229],{"class":228},[53,153732,133],{"class":66},[53,153734,153735],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,153736,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,153738,153739,153741,153743,153745,153747,153749,153751],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,153740,145],{"class":144},[53,153742,127],{"class":66},[53,153744,1115],{"class":102},[53,153746,311],{"class":66},[53,153748,852],{"class":70},[53,153750,20314],{"class":66},[53,153752,153753],{"class":156},"   # red\n",[53,153755,153756,153758,153760,153762,153764,153766,153768],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,153757,145],{"class":144},[53,153759,127],{"class":66},[53,153761,1115],{"class":102},[53,153763,311],{"class":66},[53,153765,71],{"class":70},[53,153767,20314],{"class":66},[53,153769,153770],{"class":156},"   # green\n",[53,153772,153773,153775,153777,153779,153781,153783,153785,153787],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,153774,145],{"class":144},[53,153776,127],{"class":66},[53,153778,1115],{"class":102},[53,153780,311],{"class":66},[53,153782,1912],{"class":63},[53,153784,71],{"class":70},[53,153786,20314],{"class":66},[53,153788,153789],{"class":156},"  # blue\n",[194,153791,153792,153797],{},[197,153793,132128,153794,153796],{},[15,153795,852],{}," is the first item.",[197,153798,153799],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,153801,153802,153803,99],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[758,153804,153805],{"href":147707},"how to create a tuple in Python",[39,153807,153809],{"id":153808},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,153811,153812],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,153814,153815],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,153817,11347],{},[194,153819,153820,153823,153830,153833],{},[197,153821,153822],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[197,153824,153825,153826,18831,153828],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,153827,852],{},[15,153829,71],{},[197,153831,153832],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[197,153834,153835],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,153837,211],{},[44,153839,153841],{"className":46,"code":153840,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,153842,153843,153863,153867,153881,153895],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,153844,153845,153847,153849,153851,153853,153855,153857,153859,153861],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,153846,60],{"class":59},[53,153848,31],{"class":63},[53,153850,9124],{"class":66},[53,153852,1188],{"class":70},[53,153854,74],{"class":66},[53,153856,1193],{"class":70},[53,153858,74],{"class":66},[53,153860,1198],{"class":70},[53,153862,133],{"class":66},[53,153864,153865],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,153866,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,153868,153869,153871,153873,153875,153877,153879],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,153870,145],{"class":144},[53,153872,127],{"class":66},[53,153874,150],{"class":102},[53,153876,311],{"class":66},[53,153878,852],{"class":70},[53,153880,3777],{"class":66},[53,153882,153883,153885,153887,153889,153891,153893],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,153884,145],{"class":144},[53,153886,127],{"class":66},[53,153888,150],{"class":102},[53,153890,311],{"class":66},[53,153892,71],{"class":70},[53,153894,3777],{"class":66},[53,153896,153897,153899,153901,153903,153905,153907],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,153898,145],{"class":144},[53,153900,127],{"class":66},[53,153902,150],{"class":102},[53,153904,311],{"class":66},[53,153906,1589],{"class":70},[53,153908,3777],{"class":66},[20,153910,301],{},[44,153912,153914],{"className":46,"code":153913,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,153915,153916,153920,153924],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,153917,153918],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,153919,2264],{"class":70},[53,153921,153922],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,153923,70939],{"class":70},[53,153925,153926],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,153927,69555],{"class":70},[20,153929,59106,153930,99],{},[758,153931,147704],{"href":147703},[39,153933,153935],{"id":153934},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,153937,153938],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[194,153940,153941,153946,153951],{},[197,153942,153943,153945],{},[15,153944,852],{}," = first item",[197,153947,153948,153950],{},[15,153949,71],{}," = second item",[197,153952,153953,153955],{},[15,153954,1589],{}," = third item",[20,153957,153958],{},"Pattern:",[44,153960,153962],{"className":46,"code":153961,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,153963,153964],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,153965,153966,153968,153970,153972],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,153967,152459],{"class":59},[53,153969,311],{"class":66},[53,153971,35721],{"class":59},[53,153973,85],{"class":66},[20,153975,211],{},[44,153977,153979],{"className":46,"code":153978,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,153980,153981,154013,154017,154034,154050],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,153982,153983,153985,153987,153989,153991,153993,153995,153997,153999,154001,154003,154005,154007,154009,154011],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,153984,221],{"class":59},[53,153986,31],{"class":63},[53,153988,9124],{"class":66},[53,153990,229],{"class":228},[53,153992,233],{"class":232},[53,153994,229],{"class":228},[53,153996,74],{"class":66},[53,153998,240],{"class":228},[53,154000,243],{"class":232},[53,154002,229],{"class":228},[53,154004,74],{"class":66},[53,154006,240],{"class":228},[53,154008,3984],{"class":232},[53,154010,229],{"class":228},[53,154012,133],{"class":66},[53,154014,154015],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,154016,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,154018,154019,154021,154023,154025,154027,154029,154031],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,154020,145],{"class":144},[53,154022,127],{"class":66},[53,154024,285],{"class":102},[53,154026,311],{"class":66},[53,154028,852],{"class":70},[53,154030,20314],{"class":66},[53,154032,154033],{"class":156},"  # apple\n",[53,154035,154036,154038,154040,154042,154044,154046,154048],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,154037,145],{"class":144},[53,154039,127],{"class":66},[53,154041,285],{"class":102},[53,154043,311],{"class":66},[53,154045,71],{"class":70},[53,154047,20314],{"class":66},[53,154049,51358],{"class":156},[53,154051,154052,154054,154056,154058,154060,154062,154064],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,154053,145],{"class":144},[53,154055,127],{"class":66},[53,154057,285],{"class":102},[53,154059,311],{"class":66},[53,154061,1589],{"class":70},[53,154063,20314],{"class":66},[53,154065,154066],{"class":156},"  # cherry\n",[20,154068,154069],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[39,154071,154073],{"id":154072},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,154075,154076],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[194,154078,154079,154084,154089],{},[197,154080,154081,154083],{},[15,154082,65569],{}," = last item",[197,154085,154086,154088],{},[15,154087,95125],{}," = second-to-last item",[197,154090,154091,154093],{},[15,154092,47543],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,154095,211],{},[44,154097,154099],{"className":46,"code":154098,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,154100,154101,154133,154137,154155,154173],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154102,154103,154105,154107,154109,154111,154113,154115,154117,154119,154121,154123,154125,154127,154129,154131],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154104,221],{"class":59},[53,154106,31],{"class":63},[53,154108,9124],{"class":66},[53,154110,229],{"class":228},[53,154112,233],{"class":232},[53,154114,229],{"class":228},[53,154116,74],{"class":66},[53,154118,240],{"class":228},[53,154120,243],{"class":232},[53,154122,229],{"class":228},[53,154124,74],{"class":66},[53,154126,240],{"class":228},[53,154128,3984],{"class":232},[53,154130,229],{"class":228},[53,154132,133],{"class":66},[53,154134,154135],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,154136,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,154138,154139,154141,154143,154145,154147,154149,154151,154153],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,154140,145],{"class":144},[53,154142,127],{"class":66},[53,154144,285],{"class":102},[53,154146,311],{"class":66},[53,154148,1912],{"class":63},[53,154150,71],{"class":70},[53,154152,20314],{"class":66},[53,154154,154066],{"class":156},[53,154156,154157,154159,154161,154163,154165,154167,154169,154171],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,154158,145],{"class":144},[53,154160,127],{"class":66},[53,154162,285],{"class":102},[53,154164,311],{"class":66},[53,154166,1912],{"class":63},[53,154168,1589],{"class":70},[53,154170,20314],{"class":66},[53,154172,51358],{"class":156},[53,154174,154175,154177,154179,154181,154183,154185,154187,154189],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,154176,145],{"class":144},[53,154178,127],{"class":66},[53,154180,285],{"class":102},[53,154182,311],{"class":66},[53,154184,1912],{"class":63},[53,154186,815],{"class":70},[53,154188,20314],{"class":66},[53,154190,154033],{"class":156},[20,154192,154193],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,154195,154196],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[39,154198,154200],{"id":154199},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,154202,154203],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[44,154205,154207],{"className":46,"code":154206,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,154208,154209,154241,154245,154262,154279],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154210,154211,154213,154215,154217,154219,154221,154223,154225,154227,154229,154231,154233,154235,154237,154239],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154212,4880],{"class":59},[53,154214,31],{"class":63},[53,154216,9124],{"class":66},[53,154218,229],{"class":228},[53,154220,12765],{"class":232},[53,154222,229],{"class":228},[53,154224,74],{"class":66},[53,154226,240],{"class":228},[53,154228,35816],{"class":232},[53,154230,229],{"class":228},[53,154232,74],{"class":66},[53,154234,240],{"class":228},[53,154236,35825],{"class":232},[53,154238,229],{"class":228},[53,154240,133],{"class":66},[53,154242,154243],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,154244,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,154246,154247,154249,154251,154253,154255,154257,154259],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,154248,145],{"class":144},[53,154250,127],{"class":66},[53,154252,4923],{"class":102},[53,154254,311],{"class":66},[53,154256,852],{"class":70},[53,154258,20314],{"class":66},[53,154260,154261],{"class":156},"   # first item\n",[53,154263,154264,154266,154268,154270,154272,154274,154276],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,154265,145],{"class":144},[53,154267,127],{"class":66},[53,154269,4923],{"class":102},[53,154271,311],{"class":66},[53,154273,71],{"class":70},[53,154275,20314],{"class":66},[53,154277,154278],{"class":156},"   # middle item\n",[53,154280,154281,154283,154285,154287,154289,154291,154293,154295],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,154282,145],{"class":144},[53,154284,127],{"class":66},[53,154286,4923],{"class":102},[53,154288,311],{"class":66},[53,154290,1912],{"class":63},[53,154292,71],{"class":70},[53,154294,20314],{"class":66},[53,154296,154297],{"class":156},"  # last item\n",[20,154299,301],{},[44,154301,154303],{"className":46,"code":154302,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,154304,154305,154309,154314],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154306,154307],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154308,49913],{"class":59},[53,154310,154311],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,154312,154313],{"class":59},"Ben\n",[53,154315,154316],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,154317,154318],{"class":59},"Cara\n",[20,154320,154321],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[39,154323,154325],{"id":154324},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,154327,154328],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,154330,211],{},[44,154332,154334],{"className":46,"code":154333,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,154335,154336,154368,154372],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154337,154338,154340,154342,154344,154346,154348,154350,154352,154354,154356,154358,154360,154362,154364,154366],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154339,35966],{"class":59},[53,154341,31],{"class":63},[53,154343,9124],{"class":66},[53,154345,229],{"class":228},[53,154347,758],{"class":232},[53,154349,229],{"class":228},[53,154351,74],{"class":66},[53,154353,240],{"class":228},[53,154355,1376],{"class":232},[53,154357,229],{"class":228},[53,154359,74],{"class":66},[53,154361,240],{"class":228},[53,154363,9628],{"class":232},[53,154365,229],{"class":228},[53,154367,133],{"class":66},[53,154369,154370],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,154371,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,154373,154374,154376,154378,154380,154382,154384],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,154375,145],{"class":144},[53,154377,127],{"class":66},[53,154379,36019],{"class":102},[53,154381,311],{"class":66},[53,154383,2024],{"class":70},[53,154385,3777],{"class":66},[20,154387,301],{},[44,154389,154391],{"className":46,"code":154390,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154392,154393,154405,154410],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154394,154395,154398,154400,154403],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154396,154397],{"class":102},"Traceback ",[53,154399,127],{"class":66},[53,154401,154402],{"class":102},"most recent call last",[53,154404,8228],{"class":66},[53,154406,154407],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,154408,154409],{"class":34326},"  ...\n",[53,154411,154412,154414,154416,154418,154421],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,154413,70446],{"class":1704},[53,154415,192],{"class":66},[53,154417,149070],{"class":1704},[53,154419,154420],{"class":59}," index out of ",[53,154422,70638],{"class":144},[20,154424,154425],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[194,154427,154428,154432,154436],{},[197,154429,154430],{},[15,154431,852],{},[197,154433,154434],{},[15,154435,71],{},[197,154437,154438],{},[15,154439,1589],{},[20,154441,154442,154443,99],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[758,154444,154445,154447],{"href":148942},[15,154446,42232],{}," on a tuple",[44,154449,154451],{"className":46,"code":154450,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,154452,154453,154485,154489,154505,154509,154527],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154454,154455,154457,154459,154461,154463,154465,154467,154469,154471,154473,154475,154477,154479,154481,154483],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154456,35966],{"class":59},[53,154458,31],{"class":63},[53,154460,9124],{"class":66},[53,154462,229],{"class":228},[53,154464,758],{"class":232},[53,154466,229],{"class":228},[53,154468,74],{"class":66},[53,154470,240],{"class":228},[53,154472,1376],{"class":232},[53,154474,229],{"class":228},[53,154476,74],{"class":66},[53,154478,240],{"class":228},[53,154480,9628],{"class":232},[53,154482,229],{"class":228},[53,154484,133],{"class":66},[53,154486,154487],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,154488,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,154490,154491,154493,154495,154497,154499,154501,154503],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,154492,145],{"class":144},[53,154494,127],{"class":66},[53,154496,11050],{"class":144},[53,154498,127],{"class":66},[53,154500,36019],{"class":102},[53,154502,5245],{"class":66},[53,154504,50644],{"class":156},[53,154506,154507],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,154508,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,154510,154511,154513,154515,154517,154519,154521,154523,154525],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,154512,6884],{"class":3764},[53,154514,38260],{"class":144},[53,154516,127],{"class":66},[53,154518,36019],{"class":102},[53,154520,153],{"class":66},[53,154522,38270],{"class":63},[53,154524,77],{"class":70},[53,154526,6280],{"class":66},[53,154528,154529,154531,154533,154535,154537,154539],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,154530,7954],{"class":144},[53,154532,127],{"class":66},[53,154534,36019],{"class":102},[53,154536,311],{"class":66},[53,154538,1589],{"class":70},[53,154540,3777],{"class":66},[20,154542,154543,154544,99],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[758,154545,25549,154547],{"href":154546},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154548,154549],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[39,154551,154553],{"id":154552},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,154555,154556],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[194,154558,154559,154561],{},[197,154560,76590],{},[197,154562,154563],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,154565,154566],{},"Indexing example:",[44,154568,154570],{"className":46,"code":154569,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,154571,154572,154596,154600],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154573,154574,154576,154578,154580,154582,154584,154586,154588,154590,154592,154594],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154575,60],{"class":59},[53,154577,31],{"class":63},[53,154579,9124],{"class":66},[53,154581,1188],{"class":70},[53,154583,74],{"class":66},[53,154585,1193],{"class":70},[53,154587,74],{"class":66},[53,154589,1198],{"class":70},[53,154591,74],{"class":66},[53,154593,1287],{"class":70},[53,154595,133],{"class":66},[53,154597,154598],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,154599,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,154601,154602,154604,154606,154608,154610,154612],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,154603,145],{"class":144},[53,154605,127],{"class":66},[53,154607,150],{"class":102},[53,154609,311],{"class":66},[53,154611,71],{"class":70},[53,154613,3777],{"class":66},[20,154615,301],{},[44,154617,154618],{"className":46,"code":70939,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,154619,154620],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154621,154622],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154623,70939],{"class":70},[20,154625,154626],{},"Slicing example:",[44,154628,154630],{"className":46,"code":154629,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,154631,154632,154656,154660],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154633,154634,154636,154638,154640,154642,154644,154646,154648,154650,154652,154654],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154635,60],{"class":59},[53,154637,31],{"class":63},[53,154639,9124],{"class":66},[53,154641,1188],{"class":70},[53,154643,74],{"class":66},[53,154645,1193],{"class":70},[53,154647,74],{"class":66},[53,154649,1198],{"class":70},[53,154651,74],{"class":66},[53,154653,1287],{"class":70},[53,154655,133],{"class":66},[53,154657,154658],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,154659,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,154661,154662,154664,154666,154668,154670,154672,154674,154676],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,154663,145],{"class":144},[53,154665,127],{"class":66},[53,154667,150],{"class":102},[53,154669,311],{"class":66},[53,154671,71],{"class":70},[53,154673,192],{"class":66},[53,154675,815],{"class":70},[53,154677,3777],{"class":66},[20,154679,301],{},[44,154681,154683],{"className":46,"code":154682,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(20, 30)\n",[15,154684,154685],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154686,154687,154689,154691,154693,154695],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154688,127],{"class":66},[53,154690,15625],{"class":70},[53,154692,74],{"class":66},[53,154694,1198],{"class":70},[53,154696,133],{"class":66},[20,154698,154699,154700,99],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[758,154701,150621],{"href":150620},[39,154703,154705],{"id":154704},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,154707,154708],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,154710,154711],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,154713,6574],{},[44,154715,154717],{"className":46,"code":154716,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,154718,154719,154751],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154720,154721,154723,154725,154727,154729,154731,154733,154735,154737,154739,154741,154743,154745,154747,154749],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154722,1025],{"class":59},[53,154724,31],{"class":63},[53,154726,9124],{"class":66},[53,154728,229],{"class":228},[53,154730,1034],{"class":232},[53,154732,229],{"class":228},[53,154734,74],{"class":66},[53,154736,240],{"class":228},[53,154738,17324],{"class":232},[53,154740,229],{"class":228},[53,154742,74],{"class":66},[53,154744,240],{"class":228},[53,154746,1043],{"class":232},[53,154748,229],{"class":228},[53,154750,133],{"class":66},[53,154752,154753,154755,154757,154759,154761,154763],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,154754,145],{"class":144},[53,154756,127],{"class":66},[53,154758,1115],{"class":102},[53,154760,311],{"class":66},[53,154762,71],{"class":70},[53,154764,3777],{"class":66},[20,154766,154767],{},"But this does not work:",[44,154769,154771],{"className":46,"code":154770,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,154772,154773,154805],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154774,154775,154777,154779,154781,154783,154785,154787,154789,154791,154793,154795,154797,154799,154801,154803],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154776,1025],{"class":59},[53,154778,31],{"class":63},[53,154780,9124],{"class":66},[53,154782,229],{"class":228},[53,154784,1034],{"class":232},[53,154786,229],{"class":228},[53,154788,74],{"class":66},[53,154790,240],{"class":228},[53,154792,17324],{"class":232},[53,154794,229],{"class":228},[53,154796,74],{"class":66},[53,154798,240],{"class":228},[53,154800,1043],{"class":232},[53,154802,229],{"class":228},[53,154804,133],{"class":66},[53,154806,154807,154809,154811,154813,154815,154817,154819,154821],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,154808,1115],{"class":59},[53,154810,311],{"class":66},[53,154812,71],{"class":70},[53,154814,13152],{"class":66},[53,154816,13155],{"class":63},[53,154818,240],{"class":228},[53,154820,22393],{"class":232},[53,154822,1682],{"class":228},[20,154824,154825],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,154827,154828],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[39,154830,2716],{"id":2715},[20,154832,154833],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[194,154835,154836,154842,154845,154848],{},[197,154837,132432,154838,10980,154840],{},[15,154839,71],{},[15,154841,852],{},[197,154843,154844],{},"Using an index that is too large",[197,154846,154847],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[197,154849,154850,154851],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,154852,154853],{},"tuple[index]",[20,154855,62009],{},[44,154857,154859],{"className":46,"code":154858,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,154860,154861,154871,154885,154899,154915],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154862,154863,154865,154867,154869],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154864,145],{"class":144},[53,154866,127],{"class":66},[53,154868,147722],{"class":102},[53,154870,133],{"class":66},[53,154872,154873,154875,154877,154879,154881,154883],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,154874,145],{"class":144},[53,154876,127],{"class":66},[53,154878,11050],{"class":144},[53,154880,127],{"class":66},[53,154882,147722],{"class":102},[53,154884,1713],{"class":66},[53,154886,154887,154889,154891,154893,154895,154897],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,154888,145],{"class":144},[53,154890,127],{"class":66},[53,154892,147722],{"class":102},[53,154894,311],{"class":66},[53,154896,852],{"class":70},[53,154898,3777],{"class":66},[53,154900,154901,154903,154905,154907,154909,154911,154913],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,154902,145],{"class":144},[53,154904,127],{"class":66},[53,154906,147722],{"class":102},[53,154908,311],{"class":66},[53,154910,1912],{"class":63},[53,154912,71],{"class":70},[53,154914,3777],{"class":66},[53,154916,154917,154919,154921,154923,154925,154927],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,154918,145],{"class":144},[53,154920,127],{"class":66},[53,154922,1705],{"class":1704},[53,154924,127],{"class":66},[53,154926,147722],{"class":102},[53,154928,1713],{"class":66},[20,154930,154931],{},"These can help you confirm:",[194,154933,154934,154937,154939,154942],{},[197,154935,154936],{},"what the tuple contains",[197,154938,60498],{},[197,154940,154941],{},"what the first and last items are",[197,154943,154944],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[39,154946,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,154948,154950],{"id":154949},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,154952,154953,154954,99],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,154955,852],{},[1327,154957,154959],{"id":154958},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,154961,174,154962,154964],{},[15,154963,65569],{}," as the index:",[44,154966,154968],{"className":46,"code":154967,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,154969,154970],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154971,154972,154974,154976,154978,154980],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154973,147722],{"class":59},[53,154975,311],{"class":66},[53,154977,1912],{"class":63},[53,154979,71],{"class":70},[53,154981,85],{"class":66},[1327,154983,154985],{"id":154984},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,154987,154988],{},"Python raises:",[44,154990,154992],{"className":46,"code":154991,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154993,154994],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154995,154996,154998,155000,155002,155004],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154997,70446],{"class":1704},[53,154999,192],{"class":66},[53,155001,149070],{"class":1704},[53,155003,154420],{"class":59},[53,155005,70638],{"class":144},[1327,155007,155009],{"id":155008},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,155011,155012],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[39,155014,1788],{"id":1787},[194,155016,155017,155022,155026,155030,155036],{},[197,155018,155019],{},[758,155020,155021],{"href":147707},"How to create a tuple in Python",[197,155023,155024],{},[758,155025,150621],{"href":150620},[197,155027,155028],{},[758,155029,150626],{"href":148942},[197,155031,155032],{},[758,155033,25992,155034],{"href":154546},[15,155035,154549],{},[197,155037,155038],{},[758,155039,147704],{"href":147703},[1817,155041,155042],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":155044},[155045,155046,155047,155048,155049,155050,155051,155052,155053,155054,155060],{"id":3496,"depth":88,"text":3497},{"id":153808,"depth":88,"text":153809},{"id":153934,"depth":88,"text":153935},{"id":154072,"depth":88,"text":154073},{"id":154199,"depth":88,"text":154200},{"id":154324,"depth":88,"text":154325},{"id":154552,"depth":88,"text":154553},{"id":154704,"depth":88,"text":154705},{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":155055},[155056,155057,155058,155059],{"id":154949,"depth":109,"text":154950},{"id":154958,"depth":109,"text":154959},{"id":154984,"depth":109,"text":154985},{"id":155008,"depth":109,"text":155009},{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153665,"description":155061},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155067,"title":155068,"body":155069,"description":156958,"extension":1853,"meta":156959,"navigation":112,"path":156960,"seo":156961,"stem":156962,"__hash__":156963},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155070,"toc":156915},[155071,155077,155082,155133,155137,155145,155151,155153,155169,155171,155174,155189,155191,155204,155206,155263,155267,155275,155282,155288,155294,155298,155349,155353,155361,155365,155394,155398,155406,155410,155443,155447,155455,155459,155462,155513,155517,155525,155527,155544,155548,155552,155611,155615,155623,155626,155653,155657,155665,155669,155675,155750,155754,155791,155799,155803,155866,155870,155878,155883,155887,155893,155936,155940,155948,155954,155957,156004,156008,156016,156025,156031,156086,156090,156098,156101,156105,156107,156138,156142,156161,156164,156209,156213,156236,156242,156247,156249,156296,156301,156304,156352,156356,156364,156368,156373,156377,156427,156431,156446,156450,156508,156512,156527,156531,156602,156606,156615,156619,156698,156702,156724,156732,156734,156737,156762,156764,156817,156819,156836,156838,156842,156848,156853,156858,156862,156867,156871,156876,156882,156885,156887,156912],[10,155072,155074,155075,153],{"id":155073},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,155076,11050],{},[20,155078,174,155079,155081],{},[15,155080,42232],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[44,155083,155085],{"className":46,"code":155084,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155086,155087,155119],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155088,155089,155091,155093,155095,155097,155099,155101,155103,155105,155107,155109,155111,155113,155115,155117],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155090,1025],{"class":59},[53,155092,31],{"class":63},[53,155094,9124],{"class":66},[53,155096,229],{"class":228},[53,155098,1034],{"class":232},[53,155100,229],{"class":228},[53,155102,74],{"class":66},[53,155104,240],{"class":228},[53,155106,17324],{"class":232},[53,155108,229],{"class":228},[53,155110,74],{"class":66},[53,155112,240],{"class":228},[53,155114,1043],{"class":232},[53,155116,229],{"class":228},[53,155118,133],{"class":66},[53,155120,155121,155123,155125,155127,155129,155131],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,155122,145],{"class":144},[53,155124,127],{"class":66},[53,155126,11050],{"class":144},[53,155128,127],{"class":66},[53,155130,1115],{"class":102},[53,155132,1713],{"class":66},[20,155134,155135],{},[34,155136,301],{},[44,155138,155139],{"className":46,"code":46489,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,155140,155141],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155142,155143],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155144,46489],{"class":70},[20,155146,174,155147,155150],{},[15,155148,155149],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[39,155152,15033],{"id":15032},[194,155154,155155,155160,155164,155167],{},[197,155156,4086,155157,155159],{},[15,155158,42232],{}," works with tuples",[197,155161,67973,155162,11595],{},[15,155163,42232],{},[197,155165,155166],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[197,155168,1320],{},[39,155170,372],{"id":371},[20,155172,155173],{},"Use this pattern:",[44,155175,155177],{"className":46,"code":155176,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,155178,155179],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155180,155181,155183,155185,155187],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155182,11050],{"class":144},[53,155184,127],{"class":66},[53,155186,147722],{"class":102},[53,155188,133],{"class":66},[20,155190,11347],{},[194,155192,155193,155196,155199],{},[197,155194,155195],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[197,155197,155198],{},"The result is an integer",[197,155200,155201,155203],{},[15,155202,42232],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,155205,211],{},[44,155207,155209],{"className":46,"code":155208,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,155210,155211,155235,155249,155253],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155212,155213,155215,155217,155219,155221,155223,155225,155227,155229,155231,155233],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155214,60],{"class":59},[53,155216,31],{"class":63},[53,155218,9124],{"class":66},[53,155220,1188],{"class":70},[53,155222,74],{"class":66},[53,155224,1193],{"class":70},[53,155226,74],{"class":66},[53,155228,1198],{"class":70},[53,155230,74],{"class":66},[53,155232,1287],{"class":70},[53,155234,133],{"class":66},[53,155236,155237,155239,155241,155243,155245,155247],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,155238,41113],{"class":59},[53,155240,31],{"class":63},[53,155242,38260],{"class":144},[53,155244,127],{"class":66},[53,155246,150],{"class":102},[53,155248,133],{"class":66},[53,155250,155251],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,155252,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,155254,155255,155257,155259,155261],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,155256,145],{"class":144},[53,155258,127],{"class":66},[53,155260,41131],{"class":102},[53,155262,133],{"class":66},[20,155264,155265],{},[34,155266,301],{},[44,155268,155269],{"className":46,"code":48523,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,155270,155271],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155272,155273],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155274,48523],{"class":70},[20,155276,155277,155278,99],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[758,155279,3463,155280,3396],{"href":42229},[15,155281,42232],{},[39,155283,184,155285,155287],{"id":155284},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,155286,42232],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,155289,155290,155291,155293],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,155292,42232],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1327,155295,155297],{"id":155296},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[44,155299,155301],{"className":46,"code":155300,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,155302,155303,155335],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155304,155305,155307,155309,155311,155313,155315,155317,155319,155321,155323,155325,155327,155329,155331,155333],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155306,221],{"class":59},[53,155308,31],{"class":63},[53,155310,9124],{"class":66},[53,155312,229],{"class":228},[53,155314,233],{"class":232},[53,155316,229],{"class":228},[53,155318,74],{"class":66},[53,155320,240],{"class":228},[53,155322,243],{"class":232},[53,155324,229],{"class":228},[53,155326,74],{"class":66},[53,155328,240],{"class":228},[53,155330,252],{"class":232},[53,155332,229],{"class":228},[53,155334,133],{"class":66},[53,155336,155337,155339,155341,155343,155345,155347],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,155338,145],{"class":144},[53,155340,127],{"class":66},[53,155342,11050],{"class":144},[53,155344,127],{"class":66},[53,155346,285],{"class":102},[53,155348,1713],{"class":66},[20,155350,155351],{},[34,155352,301],{},[44,155354,155355],{"className":46,"code":46489,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,155356,155357],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155358,155359],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155360,46489],{"class":70},[1327,155362,155364],{"id":155363},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[44,155366,155368],{"className":46,"code":155367,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,155369,155370,155379],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155371,155372,155375,155377],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155373,155374],{"class":59},"empty_tuple ",[53,155376,31],{"class":63},[53,155378,149046],{"class":66},[53,155380,155381,155383,155385,155387,155389,155392],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,155382,145],{"class":144},[53,155384,127],{"class":66},[53,155386,11050],{"class":144},[53,155388,127],{"class":66},[53,155390,155391],{"class":102},"empty_tuple",[53,155393,1713],{"class":66},[20,155395,155396],{},[34,155397,301],{},[44,155399,155400],{"className":46,"code":47124,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,155401,155402],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155403,155404],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155405,47124],{"class":70},[1327,155407,155409],{"id":155408},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[44,155411,155413],{"className":46,"code":155412,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,155414,155415,155428],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155416,155417,155420,155422,155424,155426],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155418,155419],{"class":59},"single_value ",[53,155421,31],{"class":63},[53,155423,9124],{"class":66},[53,155425,2024],{"class":70},[53,155427,149060],{"class":66},[53,155429,155430,155432,155434,155436,155438,155441],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,155431,145],{"class":144},[53,155433,127],{"class":66},[53,155435,11050],{"class":144},[53,155437,127],{"class":66},[53,155439,155440],{"class":102},"single_value",[53,155442,1713],{"class":66},[20,155444,155445],{},[34,155446,301],{},[44,155448,155449],{"className":46,"code":46789,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,155450,155451],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155452,155453],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155454,46789],{"class":70},[1327,155456,155458],{"id":155457},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,155460,155461],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[44,155463,155465],{"className":46,"code":155464,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,155466,155467,155499],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155468,155469,155471,155473,155475,155477,155479,155481,155483,155485,155487,155489,155491,155493,155495,155497],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155470,9053],{"class":59},[53,155472,31],{"class":63},[53,155474,9124],{"class":66},[53,155476,71],{"class":70},[53,155478,74],{"class":66},[53,155480,9124],{"class":66},[53,155482,1589],{"class":70},[53,155484,74],{"class":66},[53,155486,82],{"class":70},[53,155488,9121],{"class":66},[53,155490,67],{"class":66},[53,155492,130],{"class":70},[53,155494,74],{"class":66},[53,155496,4491],{"class":70},[53,155498,3777],{"class":66},[53,155500,155501,155503,155505,155507,155509,155511],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,155502,145],{"class":144},[53,155504,127],{"class":66},[53,155506,11050],{"class":144},[53,155508,127],{"class":66},[53,155510,9092],{"class":102},[53,155512,1713],{"class":66},[20,155514,155515],{},[34,155516,301],{},[44,155518,155519],{"className":46,"code":46489,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,155520,155521],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155522,155523],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155524,46489],{"class":70},[20,155526,19825],{},[194,155528,155529,155534,155539],{},[197,155530,155531,155533],{},[15,155532,71],{}," is one item",[197,155535,155536,155533],{},[15,155537,155538],{},"(2, 3)",[197,155540,155541,155533],{},[15,155542,155543],{},"[4, 5]",[39,155545,155547],{"id":155546},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[1327,155549,155551],{"id":155550},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[44,155553,155555],{"className":46,"code":155554,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155556,155557,155597],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155558,155559,155561,155563,155565,155567,155569,155571,155573,155575,155577,155579,155581,155583,155585,155587,155589,155591,155593,155595],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155560,1025],{"class":59},[53,155562,31],{"class":63},[53,155564,9124],{"class":66},[53,155566,229],{"class":228},[53,155568,1034],{"class":232},[53,155570,229],{"class":228},[53,155572,74],{"class":66},[53,155574,240],{"class":228},[53,155576,17324],{"class":232},[53,155578,229],{"class":228},[53,155580,74],{"class":66},[53,155582,240],{"class":228},[53,155584,1043],{"class":232},[53,155586,229],{"class":228},[53,155588,74],{"class":66},[53,155590,240],{"class":228},[53,155592,22393],{"class":232},[53,155594,229],{"class":228},[53,155596,133],{"class":66},[53,155598,155599,155601,155603,155605,155607,155609],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,155600,145],{"class":144},[53,155602,127],{"class":66},[53,155604,11050],{"class":144},[53,155606,127],{"class":66},[53,155608,1115],{"class":102},[53,155610,1713],{"class":66},[20,155612,155613],{},[34,155614,301],{},[44,155616,155617],{"className":46,"code":48523,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,155618,155619],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155620,155621],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155622,48523],{"class":70},[1327,155624,155364],{"id":155625},"empty-tuple-1",[44,155627,155629],{"className":46,"code":155628,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,155630,155631,155639],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155632,155633,155635,155637],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155634,7667],{"class":59},[53,155636,31],{"class":63},[53,155638,149046],{"class":66},[53,155640,155641,155643,155645,155647,155649,155651],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,155642,145],{"class":144},[53,155644,127],{"class":66},[53,155646,11050],{"class":144},[53,155648,127],{"class":66},[53,155650,7696],{"class":102},[53,155652,1713],{"class":66},[20,155654,155655],{},[34,155656,301],{},[44,155658,155659],{"className":46,"code":47124,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,155660,155661],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155662,155663],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155664,47124],{"class":70},[1327,155666,155668],{"id":155667},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,155670,155671,155672,155674],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[34,155673,36],{}," always a tuple.",[44,155676,155678],{"className":46,"code":155677,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,155679,155680,155692,155704,155708,155722,155736],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155681,155682,155684,155686,155688,155690],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155683,1345],{"class":59},[53,155685,31],{"class":63},[53,155687,9124],{"class":66},[53,155689,2024],{"class":70},[53,155691,133],{"class":66},[53,155693,155694,155696,155698,155700,155702],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,155695,1366],{"class":59},[53,155697,31],{"class":63},[53,155699,9124],{"class":66},[53,155701,2024],{"class":70},[53,155703,149060],{"class":66},[53,155705,155706],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,155707,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,155709,155710,155712,155714,155716,155718,155720],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,155711,145],{"class":144},[53,155713,127],{"class":66},[53,155715,1705],{"class":1704},[53,155717,127],{"class":66},[53,155719,758],{"class":102},[53,155721,1713],{"class":66},[53,155723,155724,155726,155728,155730,155732,155734],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,155725,145],{"class":144},[53,155727,127],{"class":66},[53,155729,1705],{"class":1704},[53,155731,127],{"class":66},[53,155733,1376],{"class":102},[53,155735,1713],{"class":66},[53,155737,155738,155740,155742,155744,155746,155748],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,155739,145],{"class":144},[53,155741,127],{"class":66},[53,155743,11050],{"class":144},[53,155745,127],{"class":66},[53,155747,1376],{"class":102},[53,155749,1713],{"class":66},[20,155751,155752],{},[34,155753,301],{},[44,155755,155757],{"className":46,"code":155756,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155758,155759,155773,155787],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155760,155761,155763,155765,155767,155769,155771],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155762,3178],{"class":63},[53,155764,3181],{"class":1954},[53,155766,323],{"class":228},[53,155768,2075],{"class":232},[53,155770,314],{"class":228},[53,155772,3190],{"class":63},[53,155774,155775,155777,155779,155781,155783,155785],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,155776,3178],{"class":63},[53,155778,3181],{"class":1954},[53,155780,323],{"class":228},[53,155782,48826],{"class":232},[53,155784,314],{"class":228},[53,155786,3190],{"class":63},[53,155788,155789],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,155790,46789],{"class":70},[20,155792,155793,155794,960,155797,99],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[758,155795,155796],{"href":147707},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[758,155798,149008],{"href":149007},[1327,155800,155802],{"id":155801},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[44,155804,155806],{"className":46,"code":155805,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,155807,155808,155852],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155809,155810,155812,155814,155816,155818,155820,155822,155824,155826,155828,155830,155832,155834,155836,155838,155840,155842,155844,155846,155848,155850],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155811,59186],{"class":59},[53,155813,31],{"class":63},[53,155815,9124],{"class":66},[53,155817,229],{"class":228},[53,155819,233],{"class":232},[53,155821,229],{"class":228},[53,155823,74],{"class":66},[53,155825,67],{"class":66},[53,155827,71],{"class":70},[53,155829,74],{"class":66},[53,155831,77],{"class":70},[53,155833,810],{"class":66},[53,155835,9124],{"class":66},[53,155837,229],{"class":228},[53,155839,2060],{"class":232},[53,155841,229],{"class":228},[53,155843,74],{"class":66},[53,155845,240],{"class":228},[53,155847,11635],{"class":232},[53,155849,229],{"class":228},[53,155851,1713],{"class":66},[53,155853,155854,155856,155858,155860,155862,155864],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,155855,145],{"class":144},[53,155857,127],{"class":66},[53,155859,11050],{"class":144},[53,155861,127],{"class":66},[53,155863,59239],{"class":102},[53,155865,1713],{"class":66},[20,155867,155868],{},[34,155869,301],{},[44,155871,155872],{"className":46,"code":46489,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,155873,155874],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155875,155876],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155877,46489],{"class":70},[20,155879,155880,155882],{},[15,155881,42232],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[39,155884,155886],{"id":155885},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[1327,155888,155890,155892],{"id":155889},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,155891,42232],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[44,155894,155896],{"className":46,"code":155895,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,155897,155898,155922],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155899,155900,155902,155904,155906,155908,155910,155912,155914,155916,155918,155920],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155901,3959],{"class":59},[53,155903,31],{"class":63},[53,155905,9124],{"class":66},[53,155907,229],{"class":228},[53,155909,63310],{"class":232},[53,155911,229],{"class":228},[53,155913,74],{"class":66},[53,155915,240],{"class":228},[53,155917,48],{"class":232},[53,155919,229],{"class":228},[53,155921,133],{"class":66},[53,155923,155924,155926,155928,155930,155932,155934],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,155925,145],{"class":144},[53,155927,127],{"class":66},[53,155929,11050],{"class":144},[53,155931,127],{"class":66},[53,155933,4001],{"class":102},[53,155935,1713],{"class":66},[20,155937,155938],{},[34,155939,301],{},[44,155941,155942],{"className":46,"code":16926,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,155943,155944],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155945,155946],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155947,16926],{"class":70},[20,155949,155950,155951,155953],{},"This result is ",[15,155952,1589],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,155955,155956],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[44,155958,155960],{"className":46,"code":155959,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,155961,155962,155986],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155963,155964,155966,155968,155970,155972,155974,155976,155978,155980,155982,155984],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155965,3959],{"class":59},[53,155967,31],{"class":63},[53,155969,9124],{"class":66},[53,155971,229],{"class":228},[53,155973,63310],{"class":232},[53,155975,229],{"class":228},[53,155977,74],{"class":66},[53,155979,240],{"class":228},[53,155981,48],{"class":232},[53,155983,229],{"class":228},[53,155985,133],{"class":66},[53,155987,155988,155990,155992,155994,155996,155998,156000,156002],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,155989,145],{"class":144},[53,155991,127],{"class":66},[53,155993,11050],{"class":144},[53,155995,127],{"class":66},[53,155997,4001],{"class":102},[53,155999,311],{"class":66},[53,156001,852],{"class":70},[53,156003,2886],{"class":66},[20,156005,156006],{},[34,156007,301],{},[44,156009,156010],{"className":46,"code":16926,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,156011,156012],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156013,156014],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156015,16926],{"class":70},[20,156017,20639,156018,156021,156022,99],{},[15,156019,156020],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,156023,156024],{},"\"hi\"",[1327,156026,156028,156030],{"id":156027},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,156029,42232],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[44,156032,156034],{"className":46,"code":156033,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,156035,156036,156072],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156037,156038,156040,156042,156044,156046,156048,156050,156052,156054,156056,156058,156060,156062,156064,156066,156068,156070],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156039,3709],{"class":59},[53,156041,31],{"class":63},[53,156043,9884],{"class":66},[53,156045,71],{"class":70},[53,156047,74],{"class":66},[53,156049,77],{"class":70},[53,156051,9121],{"class":66},[53,156053,9124],{"class":66},[53,156055,815],{"class":70},[53,156057,74],{"class":66},[53,156059,597],{"class":70},[53,156061,9121],{"class":66},[53,156063,9124],{"class":66},[53,156065,2024],{"class":70},[53,156067,74],{"class":66},[53,156069,37518],{"class":70},[53,156071,1713],{"class":66},[53,156073,156074,156076,156078,156080,156082,156084],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,156075,145],{"class":144},[53,156077,127],{"class":66},[53,156079,11050],{"class":144},[53,156081,127],{"class":66},[53,156083,5242],{"class":102},[53,156085,1713],{"class":66},[20,156087,156088],{},[34,156089,301],{},[44,156091,156092],{"className":46,"code":46489,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,156093,156094],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156095,156096],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156097,46489],{"class":70},[20,156099,156100],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[1327,156102,156104],{"id":156103},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,156106,25560],{},[44,156108,156110],{"className":46,"code":156109,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,156111,156112,156124],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156113,156114,156116,156118,156120,156122],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156115,2335],{"class":59},[53,156117,31],{"class":63},[53,156119,9124],{"class":66},[53,156121,1188],{"class":70},[53,156123,133],{"class":66},[53,156125,156126,156128,156130,156132,156134,156136],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,156127,145],{"class":144},[53,156129,127],{"class":66},[53,156131,1705],{"class":1704},[53,156133,127],{"class":66},[53,156135,2360],{"class":102},[53,156137,1713],{"class":66},[20,156139,156140],{},[34,156141,301],{},[44,156143,156145],{"className":46,"code":156144,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,156146,156147],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156148,156149,156151,156153,156155,156157,156159],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156150,3178],{"class":63},[53,156152,3181],{"class":1954},[53,156154,323],{"class":228},[53,156156,2075],{"class":232},[53,156158,314],{"class":228},[53,156160,3190],{"class":63},[20,156162,156163],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[44,156165,156167],{"className":46,"code":156166,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,156168,156169,156181,156195],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156170,156171,156173,156175,156177,156179],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156172,2335],{"class":59},[53,156174,31],{"class":63},[53,156176,9124],{"class":66},[53,156178,1188],{"class":70},[53,156180,149060],{"class":66},[53,156182,156183,156185,156187,156189,156191,156193],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,156184,145],{"class":144},[53,156186,127],{"class":66},[53,156188,1705],{"class":1704},[53,156190,127],{"class":66},[53,156192,2360],{"class":102},[53,156194,1713],{"class":66},[53,156196,156197,156199,156201,156203,156205,156207],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,156198,145],{"class":144},[53,156200,127],{"class":66},[53,156202,11050],{"class":144},[53,156204,127],{"class":66},[53,156206,2360],{"class":102},[53,156208,1713],{"class":66},[20,156210,156211],{},[34,156212,301],{},[44,156214,156216],{"className":46,"code":156215,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156217,156218,156232],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156219,156220,156222,156224,156226,156228,156230],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156221,3178],{"class":63},[53,156223,3181],{"class":1954},[53,156225,323],{"class":228},[53,156227,48826],{"class":232},[53,156229,314],{"class":228},[53,156231,3190],{"class":63},[53,156233,156234],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,156235,46789],{"class":70},[1327,156237,156239,156241],{"id":156238},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,156240,11050],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,156243,44300,156244,156246],{},[15,156245,11050],{}," as a variable name.",[20,156248,44331],{},[44,156250,156252],{"className":46,"code":156251,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156253,156254,156262,156282],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156255,156256,156258,156260],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156257,11050],{"class":144},[53,156259,13155],{"class":63},[53,156261,2472],{"class":70},[53,156263,156264,156266,156268,156270,156272,156274,156276,156278,156280],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,156265,60],{"class":59},[53,156267,31],{"class":63},[53,156269,9124],{"class":66},[53,156271,71],{"class":70},[53,156273,74],{"class":66},[53,156275,77],{"class":70},[53,156277,74],{"class":66},[53,156279,82],{"class":70},[53,156281,133],{"class":66},[53,156283,156284,156286,156288,156290,156292,156294],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,156285,145],{"class":144},[53,156287,127],{"class":66},[53,156289,11050],{"class":144},[53,156291,127],{"class":66},[53,156293,150],{"class":102},[53,156295,1713],{"class":66},[20,156297,39526,156298,156300],{},[15,156299,11050],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,156302,156303],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[44,156305,156307],{"className":46,"code":156306,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156308,156309,156318,156338],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156310,156311,156314,156316],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156312,156313],{"class":59},"length_value ",[53,156315,31],{"class":63},[53,156317,2472],{"class":70},[53,156319,156320,156322,156324,156326,156328,156330,156332,156334,156336],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,156321,60],{"class":59},[53,156323,31],{"class":63},[53,156325,9124],{"class":66},[53,156327,71],{"class":70},[53,156329,74],{"class":66},[53,156331,77],{"class":70},[53,156333,74],{"class":66},[53,156335,82],{"class":70},[53,156337,133],{"class":66},[53,156339,156340,156342,156344,156346,156348,156350],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,156341,145],{"class":144},[53,156343,127],{"class":66},[53,156345,11050],{"class":144},[53,156347,127],{"class":66},[53,156349,150],{"class":102},[53,156351,1713],{"class":66},[20,156353,156354],{},[34,156355,301],{},[44,156357,156358],{"className":46,"code":46489,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,156359,156360],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156361,156362],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156363,46489],{"class":70},[39,156365,156367],{"id":156366},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,156369,156370,156372],{},[15,156371,42232],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[1327,156374,156376],{"id":156375},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[44,156378,156380],{"className":46,"code":156379,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,156381,156382,156390,156394,156412],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156383,156384,156386,156388],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156385,7667],{"class":59},[53,156387,31],{"class":63},[53,156389,149046],{"class":66},[53,156391,156392],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,156393,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,156395,156396,156398,156400,156402,156404,156406,156408,156410],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,156397,6884],{"class":3764},[53,156399,38260],{"class":144},[53,156401,127],{"class":66},[53,156403,7696],{"class":102},[53,156405,153],{"class":66},[53,156407,6295],{"class":63},[53,156409,3720],{"class":70},[53,156411,6280],{"class":66},[53,156413,156414,156416,156418,156420,156423,156425],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,156415,7954],{"class":144},[53,156417,127],{"class":66},[53,156419,229],{"class":228},[53,156421,156422],{"class":232},"The tuple is empty",[53,156424,229],{"class":228},[53,156426,133],{"class":66},[20,156428,156429],{},[34,156430,301],{},[44,156432,156434],{"className":46,"code":156433,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,156435,156436],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156437,156438,156440,156442,156444],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156439,1870],{"class":59},[53,156441,48826],{"class":1704},[53,156443,7982],{"class":63},[53,156445,7988],{"class":59},[1327,156447,156449],{"id":156448},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[44,156451,156453],{"className":46,"code":156452,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,156454,156455,156471,156475,156493],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156456,156457,156459,156461,156463,156465,156467,156469],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156458,51257],{"class":59},[53,156460,31],{"class":63},[53,156462,9124],{"class":66},[53,156464,130],{"class":70},[53,156466,74],{"class":66},[53,156468,5879],{"class":70},[53,156470,133],{"class":66},[53,156472,156473],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,156474,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,156476,156477,156479,156481,156483,156485,156487,156489,156491],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,156478,6884],{"class":3764},[53,156480,38260],{"class":144},[53,156482,127],{"class":66},[53,156484,51282],{"class":102},[53,156486,153],{"class":66},[53,156488,6295],{"class":63},[53,156490,77],{"class":70},[53,156492,6280],{"class":66},[53,156494,156495,156497,156499,156501,156504,156506],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,156496,7954],{"class":144},[53,156498,127],{"class":66},[53,156500,229],{"class":228},[53,156502,156503],{"class":232},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[53,156505,229],{"class":228},[53,156507,133],{"class":66},[20,156509,156510],{},[34,156511,301],{},[44,156513,156515],{"className":46,"code":156514,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,156516,156517],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156518,156519,156522,156524],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156520,156521],{"class":59},"This looks like an x",[53,156523,74],{"class":66},[53,156525,156526],{"class":59}," y coordinate\n",[1327,156528,156530],{"id":156529},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[44,156532,156534],{"className":46,"code":156533,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,156535,156536,156565,156569,156587],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156537,156538,156540,156542,156544,156546,156548,156550,156552,156554,156556,156558,156561,156563],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156539,11377],{"class":59},[53,156541,31],{"class":63},[53,156543,9124],{"class":66},[53,156545,229],{"class":228},[53,156547,12765],{"class":232},[53,156549,229],{"class":228},[53,156551,74],{"class":66},[53,156553,9194],{"class":70},[53,156555,74],{"class":66},[53,156557,240],{"class":228},[53,156559,156560],{"class":232},"Canada",[53,156562,229],{"class":228},[53,156564,133],{"class":66},[53,156566,156567],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,156568,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,156570,156571,156573,156575,156577,156579,156581,156583,156585],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,156572,6884],{"class":3764},[53,156574,38260],{"class":144},[53,156576,127],{"class":66},[53,156578,11471],{"class":102},[53,156580,153],{"class":66},[53,156582,6295],{"class":63},[53,156584,82],{"class":70},[53,156586,6280],{"class":66},[53,156588,156589,156591,156593,156595,156598,156600],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,156590,7954],{"class":144},[53,156592,127],{"class":66},[53,156594,229],{"class":228},[53,156596,156597],{"class":232},"User record has the expected number of values",[53,156599,229],{"class":228},[53,156601,133],{"class":66},[20,156603,156604],{},[34,156605,301],{},[44,156607,156609],{"className":46,"code":156608,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,156610,156611],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156612,156613],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156614,156608],{"class":59},[1327,156616,156618],{"id":156617},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[44,156620,156622],{"className":46,"code":156621,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,156623,156624,156656,156660,156680],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156625,156626,156628,156630,156632,156634,156636,156638,156640,156642,156644,156646,156648,156650,156652,156654],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156627,35966],{"class":59},[53,156629,31],{"class":63},[53,156631,9124],{"class":66},[53,156633,229],{"class":228},[53,156635,758],{"class":232},[53,156637,229],{"class":228},[53,156639,74],{"class":66},[53,156641,240],{"class":228},[53,156643,1376],{"class":232},[53,156645,229],{"class":228},[53,156647,74],{"class":66},[53,156649,240],{"class":228},[53,156651,9628],{"class":232},[53,156653,229],{"class":228},[53,156655,133],{"class":66},[53,156657,156658],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,156659,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,156661,156662,156664,156666,156668,156670,156672,156674,156676,156678],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,156663,5843],{"class":3764},[53,156665,69263],{"class":59},[53,156667,3771],{"class":3764},[53,156669,53937],{"class":144},[53,156671,127],{"class":66},[53,156673,11050],{"class":144},[53,156675,127],{"class":66},[53,156677,36019],{"class":102},[53,156679,69278],{"class":66},[53,156681,156682,156684,156686,156688,156690,156692,156694,156696],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,156683,7954],{"class":144},[53,156685,127],{"class":66},[53,156687,36030],{"class":102},[53,156689,74],{"class":66},[53,156691,69811],{"class":102},[53,156693,311],{"class":66},[53,156695,36030],{"class":102},[53,156697,3777],{"class":66},[20,156699,156700],{},[34,156701,301],{},[44,156703,156704],{"className":46,"code":36042,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,156705,156706,156712,156718],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156707,156708,156710],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156709,852],{"class":70},[53,156711,1371],{"class":59},[53,156713,156714,156716],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,156715,71],{"class":70},[53,156717,36057],{"class":59},[53,156719,156720,156722],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,156721,1589],{"class":70},[53,156723,36064],{"class":59},[20,156725,156726,156727,156729,156730,99],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[758,156728,149377],{"href":149376},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[758,156731,150621],{"href":150620},[39,156733,2716],{"id":2715},[20,156735,156736],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[194,156738,156739,156747,156754,156759],{},[197,156740,156741,156742,10980,156745],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,156743,156744],{},"(5)",[15,156746,149211],{},[197,156748,485,156749,156751,156752],{},[15,156750,11050],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,156753,42232],{},[197,156755,8339,156756,156758],{},[15,156757,42232],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[197,156760,156761],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,156763,31955],{},[44,156765,156767],{"className":46,"code":156766,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,156768,156769,156779,156793,156807],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156770,156771,156773,156775,156777],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156772,145],{"class":144},[53,156774,127],{"class":66},[53,156776,147722],{"class":102},[53,156778,133],{"class":66},[53,156780,156781,156783,156785,156787,156789,156791],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,156782,145],{"class":144},[53,156784,127],{"class":66},[53,156786,1705],{"class":1704},[53,156788,127],{"class":66},[53,156790,147722],{"class":102},[53,156792,1713],{"class":66},[53,156794,156795,156797,156799,156801,156803,156805],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,156796,145],{"class":144},[53,156798,127],{"class":66},[53,156800,11050],{"class":144},[53,156802,127],{"class":66},[53,156804,147722],{"class":102},[53,156806,1713],{"class":66},[53,156808,156809,156811,156813,156815],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,156810,32025],{"class":144},[53,156812,127],{"class":66},[53,156814,11050],{"class":144},[53,156816,133],{"class":66},[20,156818,154931],{},[194,156820,156821,156824,156827,156831],{},[197,156822,156823],{},"what value you are using",[197,156825,156826],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[197,156828,25889,156829,11595],{},[15,156830,42232],{},[197,156832,123095,156833,156835],{},[15,156834,42232],{}," is documented in Python",[39,156837,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,156839,156841],{"id":156840},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,156843,174,156844,156847],{},[15,156845,156846],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1327,156849,1729,156851,148881],{"id":156850},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,156852,42232],{},[20,156854,46237,156855,156857],{},[15,156856,42232],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[1327,156859,156861],{"id":156860},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,156863,156864,156865,99],{},"The length is ",[15,156866,852],{},[1327,156868,156870],{"id":156869},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,156872,150567,156873,156875],{},[15,156874,150570],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[1327,156877,1729,156879,156881],{"id":156878},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,156880,42232],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,156883,156884],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[39,156886,1788],{"id":1787},[194,156888,156889,156895,156899,156903,156907],{},[197,156890,156891],{},[758,156892,3463,156893,3396],{"href":42229},[15,156894,42232],{},[197,156896,156897],{},[758,156898,155796],{"href":147707},[197,156900,156901],{},[758,156902,149377],{"href":149376},[197,156904,156905],{},[758,156906,150621],{"href":150620},[197,156908,156909],{},[758,156910,156911],{"href":149007},"What is a tuple in Python",[1817,156913,156914],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":156916},[156917,156918,156919,156926,156932,156941,156947,156948,156957],{"id":15032,"depth":88,"text":15033},{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372},{"id":155284,"depth":88,"text":156920,"children":156921},"What len() returns for a tuple",[156922,156923,156924,156925],{"id":155296,"depth":109,"text":155297},{"id":155363,"depth":109,"text":155364},{"id":155408,"depth":109,"text":155409},{"id":155457,"depth":109,"text":155458},{"id":155546,"depth":88,"text":155547,"children":156927},[156928,156929,156930,156931],{"id":155550,"depth":109,"text":155551},{"id":155625,"depth":109,"text":155364},{"id":155667,"depth":109,"text":155668},{"id":155801,"depth":109,"text":155802},{"id":155885,"depth":88,"text":155886,"children":156933},[156934,156936,156938,156939],{"id":155889,"depth":109,"text":156935},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156027,"depth":109,"text":156937},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156103,"depth":109,"text":156104},{"id":156238,"depth":109,"text":156940},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156366,"depth":88,"text":156367,"children":156942},[156943,156944,156945,156946],{"id":156375,"depth":109,"text":156376},{"id":156448,"depth":109,"text":156449},{"id":156529,"depth":109,"text":156530},{"id":156617,"depth":109,"text":156618},{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":156949},[156950,156951,156953,156954,156955],{"id":156840,"depth":109,"text":156841},{"id":156850,"depth":109,"text":156952},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":156860,"depth":109,"text":156861},{"id":156869,"depth":109,"text":156870},{"id":156878,"depth":109,"text":156956},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155068,"description":156958},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":156965,"title":156966,"body":156967,"description":159352,"extension":1853,"meta":159353,"navigation":112,"path":159354,"seo":159355,"stem":159356,"__hash__":159357},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":156968,"toc":159313},[156969,156972,156975,156978,157001,157007,157009,157120,157124,157127,157137,157139,157238,157240,157317,157323,157327,157330,157353,157356,157373,157376,157378,157441,157443,157460,157471,157476,157478,157481,157487,157538,157540,157560,157564,157615,157617,157638,157642,157697,157699,157720,157724,157779,157781,157802,157806,157859,157861,157890,157892,157894,157897,157901,157958,157960,157981,157985,158038,158040,158065,158070,158074,158079,158097,158100,158163,158165,158186,158189,158250,158252,158273,158276,158319,158322,158326,158331,158335,158414,158416,158447,158451,158526,158528,158555,158559,158606,158608,158616,158621,158625,158628,158643,158645,158733,158735,158760,158763,158806,158815,158817,158820,158835,158838,158842,158896,158898,158918,158923,158927,158929,158967,158970,159020,159024,159097,159099,159136,159139,159141,159144,159164,159167,159236,159238,159251,159253,159257,159260,159264,159267,159272,159275,159281,159286,159288,159310],[10,156970,156966],{"id":156971},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,156973,156974],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,156976,156977],{},"Use this format:",[44,156979,156981],{"className":46,"code":156980,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,156982,156983],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156984,156985,156987,156989,156991,156993,156995,156997,156999],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156986,48826],{"class":59},[53,156988,311],{"class":66},[53,156990,35948],{"class":59},[53,156992,192],{"class":66},[53,156994,75141],{"class":59},[53,156996,192],{"class":66},[53,156998,75144],{"class":59},[53,157000,85],{"class":66},[20,157002,1870,157003,75177,157005,99],{},[15,157004,75141],{},[34,157006,64784],{},[39,157008,42],{"id":41},[44,157010,157012],{"className":46,"code":157011,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157013,157014,157042,157046,157067,157084,157101],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157015,157016,157018,157020,157022,157024,157026,157028,157030,157032,157034,157036,157038,157040],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157017,60],{"class":59},[53,157019,31],{"class":63},[53,157021,9124],{"class":66},[53,157023,1188],{"class":70},[53,157025,74],{"class":66},[53,157027,1193],{"class":70},[53,157029,74],{"class":66},[53,157031,1198],{"class":70},[53,157033,74],{"class":66},[53,157035,1287],{"class":70},[53,157037,74],{"class":66},[53,157039,4964],{"class":70},[53,157041,133],{"class":66},[53,157043,157044],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,157045,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,157047,157048,157050,157052,157054,157056,157058,157060,157062,157064],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,157049,145],{"class":144},[53,157051,127],{"class":66},[53,157053,150],{"class":102},[53,157055,311],{"class":66},[53,157057,71],{"class":70},[53,157059,192],{"class":66},[53,157061,130],{"class":70},[53,157063,20314],{"class":66},[53,157065,157066],{"class":156},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[53,157068,157069,157071,157073,157075,157077,157079,157081],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,157070,145],{"class":144},[53,157072,127],{"class":66},[53,157074,150],{"class":102},[53,157076,75250],{"class":66},[53,157078,815],{"class":70},[53,157080,20314],{"class":66},[53,157082,157083],{"class":156},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[53,157085,157086,157088,157090,157092,157094,157096,157098],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,157087,145],{"class":144},[53,157089,127],{"class":66},[53,157091,150],{"class":102},[53,157093,73837],{"class":66},[53,157095,1589],{"class":70},[53,157097,20314],{"class":66},[53,157099,157100],{"class":156},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[53,157102,157103,157105,157107,157109,157111,157113,157115,157117],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,157104,145],{"class":144},[53,157106,127],{"class":66},[53,157108,150],{"class":102},[53,157110,73837],{"class":66},[53,157112,1912],{"class":63},[53,157114,71],{"class":70},[53,157116,20314],{"class":66},[53,157118,157119],{"class":156},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[39,157121,157123],{"id":157122},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,157125,157126],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[194,157128,157129,157131,157134],{},[197,157130,75444],{},[197,157132,157133],{},"The result is a new tuple",[197,157135,157136],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,157138,211],{},[44,157140,157142],{"className":46,"code":157141,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,157143,157144,157192,157196,157214,157218,157228],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157145,157146,157148,157150,157152,157154,157156,157158,157160,157162,157164,157166,157168,157170,157172,157174,157176,157178,157180,157182,157184,157186,157188,157190],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157147,35966],{"class":59},[53,157149,31],{"class":63},[53,157151,9124],{"class":66},[53,157153,229],{"class":228},[53,157155,758],{"class":232},[53,157157,229],{"class":228},[53,157159,74],{"class":66},[53,157161,240],{"class":228},[53,157163,1376],{"class":232},[53,157165,229],{"class":228},[53,157167,74],{"class":66},[53,157169,240],{"class":228},[53,157171,9628],{"class":232},[53,157173,229],{"class":228},[53,157175,74],{"class":66},[53,157177,240],{"class":228},[53,157179,18635],{"class":232},[53,157181,229],{"class":228},[53,157183,74],{"class":66},[53,157185,240],{"class":228},[53,157187,60161],{"class":232},[53,157189,229],{"class":228},[53,157191,133],{"class":66},[53,157193,157194],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,157195,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,157197,157198,157200,157202,157204,157206,157208,157210,157212],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,157199,75374],{"class":59},[53,157201,31],{"class":63},[53,157203,69811],{"class":59},[53,157205,311],{"class":66},[53,157207,71],{"class":70},[53,157209,192],{"class":66},[53,157211,130],{"class":70},[53,157213,85],{"class":66},[53,157215,157216],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,157217,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,157219,157220,157222,157224,157226],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,157221,145],{"class":144},[53,157223,127],{"class":66},[53,157225,75397],{"class":102},[53,157227,133],{"class":66},[53,157229,157230,157232,157234,157236],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,157231,145],{"class":144},[53,157233,127],{"class":66},[53,157235,36019],{"class":102},[53,157237,133],{"class":66},[20,157239,301],{},[44,157241,157243],{"className":46,"code":157242,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,157244,157245,157273],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157246,157247,157249,157251,157253,157255,157257,157259,157261,157263,157265,157267,157269,157271],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157248,127],{"class":66},[53,157250,314],{"class":228},[53,157252,1376],{"class":232},[53,157254,314],{"class":228},[53,157256,74],{"class":66},[53,157258,323],{"class":228},[53,157260,9628],{"class":232},[53,157262,314],{"class":228},[53,157264,74],{"class":66},[53,157266,323],{"class":228},[53,157268,18635],{"class":232},[53,157270,314],{"class":228},[53,157272,133],{"class":66},[53,157274,157275,157277,157279,157281,157283,157285,157287,157289,157291,157293,157295,157297,157299,157301,157303,157305,157307,157309,157311,157313,157315],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,157276,127],{"class":66},[53,157278,314],{"class":228},[53,157280,758],{"class":232},[53,157282,314],{"class":228},[53,157284,74],{"class":66},[53,157286,323],{"class":228},[53,157288,1376],{"class":232},[53,157290,314],{"class":228},[53,157292,74],{"class":66},[53,157294,323],{"class":228},[53,157296,9628],{"class":232},[53,157298,314],{"class":228},[53,157300,74],{"class":66},[53,157302,323],{"class":228},[53,157304,18635],{"class":232},[53,157306,314],{"class":228},[53,157308,74],{"class":66},[53,157310,323],{"class":228},[53,157312,60161],{"class":232},[53,157314,314],{"class":228},[53,157316,133],{"class":66},[20,157318,157319,157320,99],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[758,157321,147704],{"href":157322},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[39,157324,157326],{"id":157325},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,157328,157329],{},"The full syntax is:",[44,157331,157333],{"className":46,"code":157332,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157334,157335],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157336,157337,157339,157341,157343,157345,157347,157349,157351],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157338,147722],{"class":59},[53,157340,311],{"class":66},[53,157342,35948],{"class":59},[53,157344,192],{"class":66},[53,157346,75141],{"class":59},[53,157348,192],{"class":66},[53,157350,75144],{"class":59},[53,157352,85],{"class":66},[20,157354,157355],{},"Each part has a job:",[194,157357,157358,157363,157368],{},[197,157359,157360,157362],{},[15,157361,35948],{},": where slicing begins",[197,157364,157365,157367],{},[15,157366,75141],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[197,157369,157370,157372],{},[15,157371,75144],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,157374,157375],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,157377,211],{},[44,157379,157381],{"className":46,"code":157380,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,157382,157383,157415,157419],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157384,157385,157387,157389,157391,157393,157395,157397,157399,157401,157403,157405,157407,157409,157411,157413],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157386,60],{"class":59},[53,157388,31],{"class":63},[53,157390,9124],{"class":66},[53,157392,1188],{"class":70},[53,157394,74],{"class":66},[53,157396,1193],{"class":70},[53,157398,74],{"class":66},[53,157400,1198],{"class":70},[53,157402,74],{"class":66},[53,157404,1287],{"class":70},[53,157406,74],{"class":66},[53,157408,4964],{"class":70},[53,157410,74],{"class":66},[53,157412,75815],{"class":70},[53,157414,133],{"class":66},[53,157416,157417],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,157418,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,157420,157421,157423,157425,157427,157429,157431,157433,157435,157437,157439],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,157422,145],{"class":144},[53,157424,127],{"class":66},[53,157426,150],{"class":102},[53,157428,311],{"class":66},[53,157430,71],{"class":70},[53,157432,192],{"class":66},[53,157434,2024],{"class":70},[53,157436,192],{"class":66},[53,157438,1589],{"class":70},[53,157440,3777],{"class":66},[20,157442,301],{},[44,157444,157446],{"className":46,"code":157445,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(20, 40)\n",[15,157447,157448],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157449,157450,157452,157454,157456,157458],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157451,127],{"class":66},[53,157453,15625],{"class":70},[53,157455,74],{"class":66},[53,157457,1287],{"class":70},[53,157459,133],{"class":66},[20,157461,157462,157463,157465,157466,157468,157469,99],{},"This starts at index ",[15,157464,71],{},", stops before index ",[15,157467,2024],{},", and moves by ",[15,157470,1589],{},[20,157472,157473,157474,99],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[758,157475,149377],{"href":152803},[39,157477,75731],{"id":75730},[20,157479,157480],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[1327,157482,157484,157485,5851],{"id":157483},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157486,75745],{},[44,157488,157490],{"className":46,"code":157489,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157491,157492,157520,157524],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157493,157494,157496,157498,157500,157502,157504,157506,157508,157510,157512,157514,157516,157518],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157495,60],{"class":59},[53,157497,31],{"class":63},[53,157499,9124],{"class":66},[53,157501,1188],{"class":70},[53,157503,74],{"class":66},[53,157505,1193],{"class":70},[53,157507,74],{"class":66},[53,157509,1198],{"class":70},[53,157511,74],{"class":66},[53,157513,1287],{"class":70},[53,157515,74],{"class":66},[53,157517,4964],{"class":70},[53,157519,133],{"class":66},[53,157521,157522],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,157523,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,157525,157526,157528,157530,157532,157534,157536],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,157527,145],{"class":144},[53,157529,127],{"class":66},[53,157531,150],{"class":102},[53,157533,75250],{"class":66},[53,157535,815],{"class":70},[53,157537,3777],{"class":66},[20,157539,301],{},[44,157541,157542],{"className":46,"code":151069,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,157543,157544],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157545,157546,157548,157550,157552,157554,157556,157558],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157547,127],{"class":66},[53,157549,1188],{"class":70},[53,157551,74],{"class":66},[53,157553,1193],{"class":70},[53,157555,74],{"class":66},[53,157557,1198],{"class":70},[53,157559,133],{"class":66},[1327,157561,157563],{"id":157562},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[44,157565,157567],{"className":46,"code":157566,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,157568,157569,157597,157601],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157570,157571,157573,157575,157577,157579,157581,157583,157585,157587,157589,157591,157593,157595],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157572,60],{"class":59},[53,157574,31],{"class":63},[53,157576,9124],{"class":66},[53,157578,1188],{"class":70},[53,157580,74],{"class":66},[53,157582,1193],{"class":70},[53,157584,74],{"class":66},[53,157586,1198],{"class":70},[53,157588,74],{"class":66},[53,157590,1287],{"class":70},[53,157592,74],{"class":66},[53,157594,4964],{"class":70},[53,157596,133],{"class":66},[53,157598,157599],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,157600,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,157602,157603,157605,157607,157609,157611,157613],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,157604,145],{"class":144},[53,157606,127],{"class":66},[53,157608,150],{"class":102},[53,157610,311],{"class":66},[53,157612,1589],{"class":70},[53,157614,77431],{"class":66},[20,157616,301],{},[44,157618,157620],{"className":46,"code":157619,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,157621,157622],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157623,157624,157626,157628,157630,157632,157634,157636],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157625,127],{"class":66},[53,157627,36715],{"class":70},[53,157629,74],{"class":66},[53,157631,1287],{"class":70},[53,157633,74],{"class":66},[53,157635,4964],{"class":70},[53,157637,133],{"class":66},[1327,157639,157641],{"id":157640},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[44,157643,157645],{"className":46,"code":157644,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,157646,157647,157675,157679],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157648,157649,157651,157653,157655,157657,157659,157661,157663,157665,157667,157669,157671,157673],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157650,60],{"class":59},[53,157652,31],{"class":63},[53,157654,9124],{"class":66},[53,157656,1188],{"class":70},[53,157658,74],{"class":66},[53,157660,1193],{"class":70},[53,157662,74],{"class":66},[53,157664,1198],{"class":70},[53,157666,74],{"class":66},[53,157668,1287],{"class":70},[53,157670,74],{"class":66},[53,157672,4964],{"class":70},[53,157674,133],{"class":66},[53,157676,157677],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,157678,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,157680,157681,157683,157685,157687,157689,157691,157693,157695],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,157682,145],{"class":144},[53,157684,127],{"class":66},[53,157686,150],{"class":102},[53,157688,311],{"class":66},[53,157690,71],{"class":70},[53,157692,192],{"class":66},[53,157694,130],{"class":70},[53,157696,3777],{"class":66},[20,157698,301],{},[44,157700,157702],{"className":46,"code":157701,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157703,157704],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157705,157706,157708,157710,157712,157714,157716,157718],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157707,127],{"class":66},[53,157709,15625],{"class":70},[53,157711,74],{"class":66},[53,157713,1198],{"class":70},[53,157715,74],{"class":66},[53,157717,1287],{"class":70},[53,157719,133],{"class":66},[1327,157721,157723],{"id":157722},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[44,157725,157727],{"className":46,"code":157726,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,157728,157729,157761,157765],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157730,157731,157733,157735,157737,157739,157741,157743,157745,157747,157749,157751,157753,157755,157757,157759],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157732,60],{"class":59},[53,157734,31],{"class":63},[53,157736,9124],{"class":66},[53,157738,1188],{"class":70},[53,157740,74],{"class":66},[53,157742,1193],{"class":70},[53,157744,74],{"class":66},[53,157746,1198],{"class":70},[53,157748,74],{"class":66},[53,157750,1287],{"class":70},[53,157752,74],{"class":66},[53,157754,4964],{"class":70},[53,157756,74],{"class":66},[53,157758,75815],{"class":70},[53,157760,133],{"class":66},[53,157762,157763],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,157764,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,157766,157767,157769,157771,157773,157775,157777],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,157768,145],{"class":144},[53,157770,127],{"class":66},[53,157772,150],{"class":102},[53,157774,73837],{"class":66},[53,157776,1589],{"class":70},[53,157778,3777],{"class":66},[20,157780,301],{},[44,157782,157784],{"className":46,"code":157783,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,157785,157786],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157787,157788,157790,157792,157794,157796,157798,157800],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157789,127],{"class":66},[53,157791,1188],{"class":70},[53,157793,74],{"class":66},[53,157795,1198],{"class":70},[53,157797,74],{"class":66},[53,157799,4964],{"class":70},[53,157801,133],{"class":66},[1327,157803,157805],{"id":157804},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[44,157807,157809],{"className":46,"code":157808,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,157810,157811,157839,157843],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157812,157813,157815,157817,157819,157821,157823,157825,157827,157829,157831,157833,157835,157837],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157814,60],{"class":59},[53,157816,31],{"class":63},[53,157818,9124],{"class":66},[53,157820,1188],{"class":70},[53,157822,74],{"class":66},[53,157824,1193],{"class":70},[53,157826,74],{"class":66},[53,157828,1198],{"class":70},[53,157830,74],{"class":66},[53,157832,1287],{"class":70},[53,157834,74],{"class":66},[53,157836,4964],{"class":70},[53,157838,133],{"class":66},[53,157840,157841],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,157842,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,157844,157845,157847,157849,157851,157853,157855,157857],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,157846,145],{"class":144},[53,157848,127],{"class":66},[53,157850,150],{"class":102},[53,157852,73837],{"class":66},[53,157854,1912],{"class":63},[53,157856,71],{"class":70},[53,157858,3777],{"class":66},[20,157860,301],{},[44,157862,157864],{"className":46,"code":157863,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157865,157866],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157867,157868,157870,157872,157874,157876,157878,157880,157882,157884,157886,157888],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157869,127],{"class":66},[53,157871,76509],{"class":70},[53,157873,74],{"class":66},[53,157875,1287],{"class":70},[53,157877,74],{"class":66},[53,157879,1198],{"class":70},[53,157881,74],{"class":66},[53,157883,1193],{"class":70},[53,157885,74],{"class":66},[53,157887,5890],{"class":70},[53,157889,133],{"class":66},[39,157891,76025],{"id":76024},[20,157893,154076],{},[20,157895,157896],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[1327,157898,157900],{"id":157899},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[44,157902,157904],{"className":46,"code":157903,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,157905,157906,157938,157942],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157907,157908,157910,157912,157914,157916,157918,157920,157922,157924,157926,157928,157930,157932,157934,157936],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157909,60],{"class":59},[53,157911,31],{"class":63},[53,157913,9124],{"class":66},[53,157915,1188],{"class":70},[53,157917,74],{"class":66},[53,157919,1193],{"class":70},[53,157921,74],{"class":66},[53,157923,1198],{"class":70},[53,157925,74],{"class":66},[53,157927,1287],{"class":70},[53,157929,74],{"class":66},[53,157931,4964],{"class":70},[53,157933,74],{"class":66},[53,157935,75815],{"class":70},[53,157937,133],{"class":66},[53,157939,157940],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,157941,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,157943,157944,157946,157948,157950,157952,157954,157956],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,157945,145],{"class":144},[53,157947,127],{"class":66},[53,157949,150],{"class":102},[53,157951,311],{"class":66},[53,157953,1912],{"class":63},[53,157955,815],{"class":70},[53,157957,77431],{"class":66},[20,157959,301],{},[44,157961,157963],{"className":46,"code":157962,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,157964,157965],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157966,157967,157969,157971,157973,157975,157977,157979],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157968,127],{"class":66},[53,157970,1234],{"class":70},[53,157972,74],{"class":66},[53,157974,4964],{"class":70},[53,157976,74],{"class":66},[53,157978,75815],{"class":70},[53,157980,133],{"class":66},[1327,157982,157984],{"id":157983},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[44,157986,157988],{"className":46,"code":157987,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,157989,157990,158018,158022],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157991,157992,157994,157996,157998,158000,158002,158004,158006,158008,158010,158012,158014,158016],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157993,60],{"class":59},[53,157995,31],{"class":63},[53,157997,9124],{"class":66},[53,157999,1188],{"class":70},[53,158001,74],{"class":66},[53,158003,1193],{"class":70},[53,158005,74],{"class":66},[53,158007,1198],{"class":70},[53,158009,74],{"class":66},[53,158011,1287],{"class":70},[53,158013,74],{"class":66},[53,158015,4964],{"class":70},[53,158017,133],{"class":66},[53,158019,158020],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,158021,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,158023,158024,158026,158028,158030,158032,158034,158036],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,158025,145],{"class":144},[53,158027,127],{"class":66},[53,158029,150],{"class":102},[53,158031,75250],{"class":66},[53,158033,1912],{"class":63},[53,158035,71],{"class":70},[53,158037,3777],{"class":66},[20,158039,301],{},[44,158041,158043],{"className":46,"code":158042,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158044,158045],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158046,158047,158049,158051,158053,158055,158057,158059,158061,158063],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158048,127],{"class":66},[53,158050,1188],{"class":70},[53,158052,74],{"class":66},[53,158054,1193],{"class":70},[53,158056,74],{"class":66},[53,158058,1198],{"class":70},[53,158060,74],{"class":66},[53,158062,1287],{"class":70},[53,158064,133],{"class":66},[20,158066,158067,158068,99],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[758,158069,150626],{"href":156960},[39,158071,158073],{"id":158072},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,158075,1870,158076,158078],{},[15,158077,75144],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[194,158080,158081,158083,158085,158091],{},[197,158082,76281],{},[197,158084,76284],{},[197,158086,158087,158090],{},[15,158088,158089],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[197,158092,158093,158094,158096],{},"A step of ",[15,158095,852],{}," is not allowed",[20,158098,158099],{},"Example with a positive step:",[44,158101,158103],{"className":46,"code":158102,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,158104,158105,158137,158141],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158106,158107,158109,158111,158113,158115,158117,158119,158121,158123,158125,158127,158129,158131,158133,158135],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158108,60],{"class":59},[53,158110,31],{"class":63},[53,158112,9124],{"class":66},[53,158114,1188],{"class":70},[53,158116,74],{"class":66},[53,158118,1193],{"class":70},[53,158120,74],{"class":66},[53,158122,1198],{"class":70},[53,158124,74],{"class":66},[53,158126,1287],{"class":70},[53,158128,74],{"class":66},[53,158130,4964],{"class":70},[53,158132,74],{"class":66},[53,158134,75815],{"class":70},[53,158136,133],{"class":66},[53,158138,158139],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,158140,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,158142,158143,158145,158147,158149,158151,158153,158155,158157,158159,158161],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,158144,145],{"class":144},[53,158146,127],{"class":66},[53,158148,150],{"class":102},[53,158150,311],{"class":66},[53,158152,71],{"class":70},[53,158154,192],{"class":66},[53,158156,80309],{"class":70},[53,158158,192],{"class":66},[53,158160,1589],{"class":70},[53,158162,3777],{"class":66},[20,158164,301],{},[44,158166,158168],{"className":46,"code":158167,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,158169,158170],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158171,158172,158174,158176,158178,158180,158182,158184],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158173,127],{"class":66},[53,158175,15625],{"class":70},[53,158177,74],{"class":66},[53,158179,1287],{"class":70},[53,158181,74],{"class":66},[53,158183,75815],{"class":70},[53,158185,133],{"class":66},[20,158187,158188],{},"Example with a negative step:",[44,158190,158192],{"className":46,"code":158191,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,158193,158194,158222,158226],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158195,158196,158198,158200,158202,158204,158206,158208,158210,158212,158214,158216,158218,158220],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158197,60],{"class":59},[53,158199,31],{"class":63},[53,158201,9124],{"class":66},[53,158203,1188],{"class":70},[53,158205,74],{"class":66},[53,158207,1193],{"class":70},[53,158209,74],{"class":66},[53,158211,1198],{"class":70},[53,158213,74],{"class":66},[53,158215,1287],{"class":70},[53,158217,74],{"class":66},[53,158219,4964],{"class":70},[53,158221,133],{"class":66},[53,158223,158224],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,158225,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,158227,158228,158230,158232,158234,158236,158238,158240,158242,158244,158246,158248],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,158229,145],{"class":144},[53,158231,127],{"class":66},[53,158233,150],{"class":102},[53,158235,311],{"class":66},[53,158237,130],{"class":70},[53,158239,192],{"class":66},[53,158241,71],{"class":70},[53,158243,192],{"class":66},[53,158245,1912],{"class":63},[53,158247,71],{"class":70},[53,158249,3777],{"class":66},[20,158251,301],{},[44,158253,158255],{"className":46,"code":158254,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,158256,158257],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158258,158259,158261,158263,158265,158267,158269,158271],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158260,127],{"class":66},[53,158262,76509],{"class":70},[53,158264,74],{"class":66},[53,158266,1287],{"class":70},[53,158268,74],{"class":66},[53,158270,1198],{"class":70},[53,158272,133],{"class":66},[20,158274,158275],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[44,158277,158279],{"className":46,"code":158278,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,158280,158281,158301,158305],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158282,158283,158285,158287,158289,158291,158293,158295,158297,158299],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158284,60],{"class":59},[53,158286,31],{"class":63},[53,158288,9124],{"class":66},[53,158290,1188],{"class":70},[53,158292,74],{"class":66},[53,158294,1193],{"class":70},[53,158296,74],{"class":66},[53,158298,1198],{"class":70},[53,158300,133],{"class":66},[53,158302,158303],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,158304,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,158306,158307,158309,158311,158313,158315,158317],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,158308,145],{"class":144},[53,158310,127],{"class":66},[53,158312,150],{"class":102},[53,158314,73837],{"class":66},[53,158316,852],{"class":70},[53,158318,3777],{"class":66},[20,158320,158321],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[39,158323,158325],{"id":158324},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,158327,158328,158329,33614],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[34,158330,48826],{},[1327,158332,158334],{"id":158333},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[44,158336,158338],{"className":46,"code":158337,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158339,158340,158364,158368,158386,158390,158400],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158341,158342,158344,158346,158348,158350,158352,158354,158356,158358,158360,158362],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158343,60],{"class":59},[53,158345,31],{"class":63},[53,158347,9124],{"class":66},[53,158349,1188],{"class":70},[53,158351,74],{"class":66},[53,158353,1193],{"class":70},[53,158355,74],{"class":66},[53,158357,1198],{"class":70},[53,158359,74],{"class":66},[53,158361,1287],{"class":70},[53,158363,133],{"class":66},[53,158365,158366],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,158367,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,158369,158370,158372,158374,158376,158378,158380,158382,158384],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,158371,2117],{"class":59},[53,158373,31],{"class":63},[53,158375,96],{"class":59},[53,158377,311],{"class":66},[53,158379,71],{"class":70},[53,158381,192],{"class":66},[53,158383,815],{"class":70},[53,158385,85],{"class":66},[53,158387,158388],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,158389,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,158391,158392,158394,158396,158398],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,158393,145],{"class":144},[53,158395,127],{"class":66},[53,158397,2152],{"class":102},[53,158399,133],{"class":66},[53,158401,158402,158404,158406,158408,158410,158412],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,158403,145],{"class":144},[53,158405,127],{"class":66},[53,158407,1705],{"class":1704},[53,158409,127],{"class":66},[53,158411,2152],{"class":102},[53,158413,1713],{"class":66},[20,158415,301],{},[44,158417,158419],{"className":46,"code":158418,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158420,158421,158433],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158422,158423,158425,158427,158429,158431],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158424,127],{"class":66},[53,158426,15625],{"class":70},[53,158428,74],{"class":66},[53,158430,1198],{"class":70},[53,158432,133],{"class":66},[53,158434,158435,158437,158439,158441,158443,158445],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,158436,3178],{"class":63},[53,158438,3181],{"class":1954},[53,158440,323],{"class":228},[53,158442,48826],{"class":232},[53,158444,314],{"class":228},[53,158446,3190],{"class":63},[1327,158448,158450],{"id":158449},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[44,158452,158454],{"className":46,"code":158453,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158455,158456,158476,158480,158498,158502,158512],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158457,158458,158460,158462,158464,158466,158468,158470,158472,158474],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158459,60],{"class":59},[53,158461,31],{"class":63},[53,158463,9124],{"class":66},[53,158465,1188],{"class":70},[53,158467,74],{"class":66},[53,158469,1193],{"class":70},[53,158471,74],{"class":66},[53,158473,1198],{"class":70},[53,158475,133],{"class":66},[53,158477,158478],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,158479,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,158481,158482,158484,158486,158488,158490,158492,158494,158496],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,158483,2117],{"class":59},[53,158485,31],{"class":63},[53,158487,96],{"class":59},[53,158489,311],{"class":66},[53,158491,71],{"class":70},[53,158493,192],{"class":66},[53,158495,1589],{"class":70},[53,158497,85],{"class":66},[53,158499,158500],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,158501,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,158503,158504,158506,158508,158510],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,158505,145],{"class":144},[53,158507,127],{"class":66},[53,158509,2152],{"class":102},[53,158511,133],{"class":66},[53,158513,158514,158516,158518,158520,158522,158524],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,158515,145],{"class":144},[53,158517,127],{"class":66},[53,158519,1705],{"class":1704},[53,158521,127],{"class":66},[53,158523,2152],{"class":102},[53,158525,1713],{"class":66},[20,158527,301],{},[44,158529,158531],{"className":46,"code":158530,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158532,158533,158541],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158534,158535,158537,158539],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158536,127],{"class":66},[53,158538,15625],{"class":70},[53,158540,149060],{"class":66},[53,158542,158543,158545,158547,158549,158551,158553],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,158544,3178],{"class":63},[53,158546,3181],{"class":1954},[53,158548,323],{"class":228},[53,158550,48826],{"class":232},[53,158552,314],{"class":228},[53,158554,3190],{"class":63},[1327,158556,158558],{"id":158557},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[44,158560,158562],{"className":46,"code":158561,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158563,158564,158584,158588],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158565,158566,158568,158570,158572,158574,158576,158578,158580,158582],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158567,60],{"class":59},[53,158569,31],{"class":63},[53,158571,9124],{"class":66},[53,158573,1188],{"class":70},[53,158575,74],{"class":66},[53,158577,1193],{"class":70},[53,158579,74],{"class":66},[53,158581,1198],{"class":70},[53,158583,133],{"class":66},[53,158585,158586],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,158587,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,158589,158590,158592,158594,158596,158598,158600,158602,158604],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,158591,145],{"class":144},[53,158593,127],{"class":66},[53,158595,150],{"class":102},[53,158597,311],{"class":66},[53,158599,2024],{"class":70},[53,158601,192],{"class":66},[53,158603,2233],{"class":70},[53,158605,3777],{"class":66},[20,158607,301],{},[44,158609,158610],{"className":46,"code":106,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,158611,158612],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158613,158614],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158615,106],{"class":66},[20,158617,158618,158619,99],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[758,158620,155796],{"href":150683},[39,158622,158624],{"id":158623},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,158626,158627],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[194,158629,158630,158632,158635,158640],{},[197,158631,76590],{},[197,158633,158634],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[197,158636,158637,158638],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,158639,70446],{},[197,158641,158642],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,158644,211],{},[44,158646,158648],{"className":46,"code":158647,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,158649,158650,158670,158674,158691,158712],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158651,158652,158654,158656,158658,158660,158662,158664,158666,158668],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158653,60],{"class":59},[53,158655,31],{"class":63},[53,158657,9124],{"class":66},[53,158659,1188],{"class":70},[53,158661,74],{"class":66},[53,158663,1193],{"class":70},[53,158665,74],{"class":66},[53,158667,1198],{"class":70},[53,158669,133],{"class":66},[53,158671,158672],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,158673,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,158675,158676,158678,158680,158682,158684,158686,158688],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,158677,145],{"class":144},[53,158679,127],{"class":66},[53,158681,150],{"class":102},[53,158683,311],{"class":66},[53,158685,71],{"class":70},[53,158687,20314],{"class":66},[53,158689,158690],{"class":156},"    # one item\n",[53,158692,158693,158695,158697,158699,158701,158703,158705,158707,158709],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,158694,145],{"class":144},[53,158696,127],{"class":66},[53,158698,150],{"class":102},[53,158700,311],{"class":66},[53,158702,71],{"class":70},[53,158704,192],{"class":66},[53,158706,2024],{"class":70},[53,158708,20314],{"class":66},[53,158710,158711],{"class":156},"  # slice\n",[53,158713,158714,158716,158718,158720,158722,158724,158726,158728,158730],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,158715,145],{"class":144},[53,158717,127],{"class":66},[53,158719,150],{"class":102},[53,158721,311],{"class":66},[53,158723,2024],{"class":70},[53,158725,192],{"class":66},[53,158727,2233],{"class":70},[53,158729,20314],{"class":66},[53,158731,158732],{"class":156},"  # empty slice\n",[20,158734,301],{},[44,158736,158738],{"className":46,"code":158737,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,158739,158740,158744,158756],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158741,158742],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158743,70939],{"class":70},[53,158745,158746,158748,158750,158752,158754],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,158747,127],{"class":66},[53,158749,15625],{"class":70},[53,158751,74],{"class":66},[53,158753,1198],{"class":70},[53,158755,133],{"class":66},[53,158757,158758],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,158759,106],{"class":66},[20,158761,158762],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[44,158764,158766],{"className":46,"code":158765,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,158767,158768,158788,158792],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158769,158770,158772,158774,158776,158778,158780,158782,158784,158786],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158771,60],{"class":59},[53,158773,31],{"class":63},[53,158775,9124],{"class":66},[53,158777,1188],{"class":70},[53,158779,74],{"class":66},[53,158781,1193],{"class":70},[53,158783,74],{"class":66},[53,158785,1198],{"class":70},[53,158787,133],{"class":66},[53,158789,158790],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,158791,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,158793,158794,158796,158798,158800,158802,158804],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,158795,145],{"class":144},[53,158797,127],{"class":66},[53,158799,150],{"class":102},[53,158801,311],{"class":66},[53,158803,2024],{"class":70},[53,158805,3777],{"class":66},[20,158807,158808,158809,158811,158812,99],{},"This raises an ",[15,158810,70446],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[758,158813,154549],{"href":158814},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[39,158816,15047],{"id":76857},[20,158818,158819],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[194,158821,158822,158825,158827,158830],{},[197,158823,158824],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[197,158826,60406],{},[197,158828,158829],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[197,158831,158832,158833],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,158834,852],{},[20,158836,158837],{},"Here are a few examples.",[1327,158839,158841],{"id":158840},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[44,158843,158844],{"className":46,"code":157644,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,158845,158846,158874,158878],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158847,158848,158850,158852,158854,158856,158858,158860,158862,158864,158866,158868,158870,158872],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158849,60],{"class":59},[53,158851,31],{"class":63},[53,158853,9124],{"class":66},[53,158855,1188],{"class":70},[53,158857,74],{"class":66},[53,158859,1193],{"class":70},[53,158861,74],{"class":66},[53,158863,1198],{"class":70},[53,158865,74],{"class":66},[53,158867,1287],{"class":70},[53,158869,74],{"class":66},[53,158871,4964],{"class":70},[53,158873,133],{"class":66},[53,158875,158876],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,158877,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,158879,158880,158882,158884,158886,158888,158890,158892,158894],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,158881,145],{"class":144},[53,158883,127],{"class":66},[53,158885,150],{"class":102},[53,158887,311],{"class":66},[53,158889,71],{"class":70},[53,158891,192],{"class":66},[53,158893,130],{"class":70},[53,158895,3777],{"class":66},[20,158897,301],{},[44,158899,158900],{"className":46,"code":157701,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,158901,158902],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158903,158904,158906,158908,158910,158912,158914,158916],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158905,127],{"class":66},[53,158907,15625],{"class":70},[53,158909,74],{"class":66},[53,158911,1198],{"class":70},[53,158913,74],{"class":66},[53,158915,1287],{"class":70},[53,158917,133],{"class":66},[20,158919,132128,158920,158922],{},[15,158921,130],{}," is not included.",[1327,158924,158926],{"id":158925},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,158928,4411],{},[44,158930,158932],{"className":46,"code":158931,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,158933,158934,158958,158962],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158935,158936,158938,158940,158942,158944,158946,158948,158950,158952,158954,158956],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158937,60],{"class":59},[53,158939,31],{"class":63},[53,158941,9124],{"class":66},[53,158943,1188],{"class":70},[53,158945,74],{"class":66},[53,158947,1193],{"class":70},[53,158949,74],{"class":66},[53,158951,1198],{"class":70},[53,158953,74],{"class":66},[53,158955,1287],{"class":70},[53,158957,133],{"class":66},[53,158959,158960],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,158961,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,158963,158964],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,158965,158966],{"class":156},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,158968,158969],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[44,158971,158972],{"className":46,"code":154629,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,158973,158974,158998,159002],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158975,158976,158978,158980,158982,158984,158986,158988,158990,158992,158994,158996],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158977,60],{"class":59},[53,158979,31],{"class":63},[53,158981,9124],{"class":66},[53,158983,1188],{"class":70},[53,158985,74],{"class":66},[53,158987,1193],{"class":70},[53,158989,74],{"class":66},[53,158991,1198],{"class":70},[53,158993,74],{"class":66},[53,158995,1287],{"class":70},[53,158997,133],{"class":66},[53,158999,159000],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,159001,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,159003,159004,159006,159008,159010,159012,159014,159016,159018],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,159005,145],{"class":144},[53,159007,127],{"class":66},[53,159009,150],{"class":102},[53,159011,311],{"class":66},[53,159013,71],{"class":70},[53,159015,192],{"class":66},[53,159017,815],{"class":70},[53,159019,3777],{"class":66},[1327,159021,159023],{"id":159022},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[44,159025,159027],{"className":46,"code":159026,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,159028,159029,159053,159057,159072,159076,159087],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,159030,159031,159033,159035,159037,159039,159041,159043,159045,159047,159049,159051],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,159032,60],{"class":59},[53,159034,31],{"class":63},[53,159036,9124],{"class":66},[53,159038,1188],{"class":70},[53,159040,74],{"class":66},[53,159042,1193],{"class":70},[53,159044,74],{"class":66},[53,159046,1198],{"class":70},[53,159048,74],{"class":66},[53,159050,1287],{"class":70},[53,159052,133],{"class":66},[53,159054,159055],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,159056,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,159058,159059,159062,159064,159066,159068,159070],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,159060,159061],{"class":59},"slice_result ",[53,159063,31],{"class":63},[53,159065,96],{"class":59},[53,159067,75250],{"class":66},[53,159069,1589],{"class":70},[53,159071,85],{"class":66},[53,159073,159074],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,159075,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,159077,159078,159080,159082,159085],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,159079,145],{"class":144},[53,159081,127],{"class":66},[53,159083,159084],{"class":102},"slice_result",[53,159086,133],{"class":66},[53,159088,159089,159091,159093,159095],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,159090,145],{"class":144},[53,159092,127],{"class":66},[53,159094,150],{"class":102},[53,159096,133],{"class":66},[20,159098,301],{},[44,159100,159102],{"className":46,"code":159101,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,159103,159104,159116],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,159105,159106,159108,159110,159112,159114],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,159107,127],{"class":66},[53,159109,1188],{"class":70},[53,159111,74],{"class":66},[53,159113,1193],{"class":70},[53,159115,133],{"class":66},[53,159117,159118,159120,159122,159124,159126,159128,159130,159132,159134],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,159119,127],{"class":66},[53,159121,1188],{"class":70},[53,159123,74],{"class":66},[53,159125,1193],{"class":70},[53,159127,74],{"class":66},[53,159129,1198],{"class":70},[53,159131,74],{"class":66},[53,159133,1287],{"class":70},[53,159135,133],{"class":66},[20,159137,159138],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[39,159140,113442],{"id":113441},[20,159142,159143],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[194,159145,159146,159149,159152,159158,159161],{},[197,159147,159148],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[197,159150,159151],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[197,159153,159154,159155],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,159156,159157],{},"tuple[::0]",[197,159159,159160],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[197,159162,159163],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,159165,159166],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[44,159168,159170],{"className":46,"code":159169,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,159171,159172,159182,159200,159222],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,159173,159174,159176,159178,159180],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,159175,145],{"class":144},[53,159177,127],{"class":66},[53,159179,147722],{"class":102},[53,159181,133],{"class":66},[53,159183,159184,159186,159188,159190,159192,159194,159196,159198],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,159185,145],{"class":144},[53,159187,127],{"class":66},[53,159189,147722],{"class":102},[53,159191,311],{"class":66},[53,159193,71],{"class":70},[53,159195,192],{"class":66},[53,159197,130],{"class":70},[53,159199,3777],{"class":66},[53,159201,159202,159204,159206,159208,159210,159212,159214,159216,159218,159220],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,159203,145],{"class":144},[53,159205,127],{"class":66},[53,159207,1705],{"class":1704},[53,159209,127],{"class":66},[53,159211,147722],{"class":102},[53,159213,311],{"class":66},[53,159215,71],{"class":70},[53,159217,192],{"class":66},[53,159219,130],{"class":70},[53,159221,2886],{"class":66},[53,159223,159224,159226,159228,159230,159232,159234],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,159225,145],{"class":144},[53,159227,127],{"class":66},[53,159229,11050],{"class":144},[53,159231,127],{"class":66},[53,159233,147722],{"class":102},[53,159235,1713],{"class":66},[20,159237,11059],{},[194,159239,159240,159242,159245,159248],{},[197,159241,154936],{},[197,159243,159244],{},"what the slice actually returns",[197,159246,159247],{},"that the result is a tuple",[197,159249,159250],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[39,159252,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,159254,159256],{"id":159255},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,159258,159259],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[1327,159261,159263],{"id":159262},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,159265,159266],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[1327,159268,5025,159270,39833],{"id":159269},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,159271,158089],{},[20,159273,159274],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[1327,159276,159278,159279,1744],{"id":159277},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,159280,70446],{},[20,159282,159283,159284,99],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,159285,70446],{},[39,159287,1788],{"id":1787},[194,159289,159290,159294,159298,159302,159306],{},[197,159291,159292],{},[758,159293,155796],{"href":150683},[197,159295,159296],{},[758,159297,149377],{"href":152803},[197,159299,159300],{},[758,159301,150626],{"href":156960},[197,159303,159304],{},[758,159305,147704],{"href":157322},[197,159307,159308],{},[758,159309,154549],{"href":158814},[1817,159311,159312],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":159314},[159315,159316,159317,159318,159326,159330,159331,159336,159337,159342,159343,159351],{"id":41,"depth":88,"text":42},{"id":157122,"depth":88,"text":157123},{"id":157325,"depth":88,"text":157326},{"id":75730,"depth":88,"text":75731,"children":159319},[159320,159322,159323,159324,159325],{"id":157483,"depth":109,"text":159321},"Get the first n items",{"id":157562,"depth":109,"text":157563},{"id":157640,"depth":109,"text":157641},{"id":157722,"depth":109,"text":157723},{"id":157804,"depth":109,"text":157805},{"id":76024,"depth":88,"text":76025,"children":159327},[159328,159329],{"id":157899,"depth":109,"text":157900},{"id":157983,"depth":109,"text":157984},{"id":158072,"depth":88,"text":158073},{"id":158324,"depth":88,"text":158325,"children":159332},[159333,159334,159335],{"id":158333,"depth":109,"text":158334},{"id":158449,"depth":109,"text":158450},{"id":158557,"depth":109,"text":158558},{"id":158623,"depth":88,"text":158624},{"id":76857,"depth":88,"text":15047,"children":159338},[159339,159340,159341],{"id":158840,"depth":109,"text":158841},{"id":158925,"depth":109,"text":158926},{"id":159022,"depth":109,"text":159023},{"id":113441,"depth":88,"text":113442},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":159344},[159345,159346,159347,159349],{"id":159255,"depth":109,"text":159256},{"id":159262,"depth":109,"text":159263},{"id":159269,"depth":109,"text":159348},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159277,"depth":109,"text":159350},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":156966,"description":159352},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159359,"title":159360,"body":159361,"description":161184,"extension":1853,"meta":161185,"navigation":112,"path":34682,"seo":161186,"stem":161187,"__hash__":161188},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159362,"toc":161150},[159363,159368,159373,159377,159395,159398,159413,159419,159421,159478,159480,159512,159524,159530,159535,159538,159573,159579,159581,159584,159598,159601,159603,159626,159628,159646,159649,159665,159667,159670,159783,159785,159874,159877,159882,159888,159891,159894,159993,159995,160054,160059,160062,160131,160135,160167,160183,160188,160195,160202,160214,160216,160265,160267,160290,160296,160344,160349,160356,160364,160370,160373,160397,160400,160402,160478,160480,160505,160511,160514,160519,160523,160537,160539,160602,160604,160636,160639,160655,160657,160663,160670,160672,160691,160693,160711,160718,160723,160730,160732,160769,160772,160779,160783,160786,160844,160847,160850,160905,160907,160919,160925,160927,160931,160964,160971,160973,161036,161039,161041,161046,161060,161067,161075,161084,161093,161099,161105,161107,161147],[10,159364,3463,159366,3467],{"id":159365},"python-type-function-explained",[15,159367,2190],{},[20,159369,32190,159370,159372],{},[15,159371,2190],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,159374,62481,159375,104286],{},[15,159376,2190],{},[194,159378,159379,159382,159385,159388],{},[197,159380,159381],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[197,159383,159384],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[197,159386,159387],{},"debug confusing code",[197,159389,159390,159391],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[758,159392,159393],{"href":8105},[15,159394,2845],{},[20,159396,159397],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[44,159399,159401],{"className":46,"code":159400,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"type(object)\n",[15,159402,159403],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,159404,159405,159407,159409,159411],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,159406,1705],{"class":1704},[53,159408,127],{"class":66},[53,159410,42270],{"class":1704},[53,159412,133],{"class":66},[20,159414,159415,159416,159418],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,159417,2190],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[39,159420,3497],{"id":3496},[44,159422,159424],{"className":46,"code":159423,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,159425,159426,159438,159452,159456,159464],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,159427,159428,159430,159432,159434,159436],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,159429,1672],{"class":59},[53,159431,31],{"class":63},[53,159433,240],{"class":228},[53,159435,1679],{"class":232},[53,159437,1682],{"class":228},[53,159439,159440,159442,159444,159446,159448,159450],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,159441,145],{"class":144},[53,159443,127],{"class":66},[53,159445,1705],{"class":1704},[53,159447,127],{"class":66},[53,159449,1710],{"class":102},[53,159451,1713],{"class":66},[53,159453,159454],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,159455,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,159457,159458,159460,159462],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,159459,2104],{"class":59},[53,159461,31],{"class":63},[53,159463,2472],{"class":70},[53,159465,159466,159468,159470,159472,159474,159476],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,159467,145],{"class":144},[53,159469,127],{"class":66},[53,159471,1705],{"class":1704},[53,159473,127],{"class":66},[53,159475,2127],{"class":102},[53,159477,1713],{"class":66},[20,159479,301],{},[44,159481,159482],{"className":46,"code":124789,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,159483,159484,159498],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,159485,159486,159488,159490,159492,159494,159496],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,159487,3178],{"class":63},[53,159489,3181],{"class":1954},[53,159491,323],{"class":228},[53,159493,3330],{"class":232},[53,159495,314],{"class":228},[53,159497,3190],{"class":63},[53,159499,159500,159502,159504,159506,159508,159510],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,159501,3178],{"class":63},[53,159503,3181],{"class":1954},[53,159505,323],{"class":228},[53,159507,2075],{"class":232},[53,159509,314],{"class":228},[53,159511,3190],{"class":63},[20,159513,174,159514,159517,159518,960,159521,99],{},[15,159515,159516],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,159519,159520],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,159522,159523],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[39,159525,12880,159527,159529],{"id":159526},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,159528,2190],{}," function does",[20,159531,159532,159534],{},[15,159533,2190],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,159536,159537],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[194,159539,159540,159545,159550,159555,159560,159565],{},[197,159541,159542,159544],{},[15,159543,3330],{}," for text",[197,159546,159547,159549],{},[15,159548,2075],{}," for whole numbers",[197,159551,159552,159554],{},[15,159553,2079],{}," for decimal numbers",[197,159556,159557,159559],{},[15,159558,7979],{}," for lists",[197,159561,159562,159564],{},[15,159563,8708],{}," for dictionaries",[197,159566,159567,68810,159569,960,159571],{},[15,159568,3755],{},[15,159570,3492],{},[15,159572,3560],{},[20,159574,159575,159576,159578],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,159577,2190],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[39,159580,372],{"id":371},[20,159582,159583],{},"The main beginner form is:",[44,159585,159586],{"className":46,"code":159400,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,159587,159588],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,159589,159590,159592,159594,159596],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,159591,1705],{"class":1704},[53,159593,127],{"class":66},[53,159595,42270],{"class":1704},[53,159597,133],{"class":66},[20,159599,159600],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,159602,211],{},[44,159604,159606],{"className":46,"code":159605,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,159607,159608],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,159609,159610,159612,159614,159616,159618,159620,159622,159624],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,159611,145],{"class":144},[53,159613,127],{"class":66},[53,159615,1705],{"class":1704},[53,159617,127],{"class":66},[53,159619,229],{"class":228},[53,159621,3732],{"class":232},[53,159623,229],{"class":228},[53,159625,1713],{"class":66},[20,159627,301],{},[44,159629,159630],{"className":46,"code":45642,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,159631,159632],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,159633,159634,159636,159638,159640,159642,159644],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,159635,3178],{"class":63},[53,159637,3181],{"class":1954},[53,159639,323],{"class":228},[53,159641,3330],{"class":232},[53,159643,314],{"class":228},[53,159645,3190],{"class":63},[20,159647,159648],{},"You can pass either:",[194,159650,159651,159658],{},[197,159652,159653,159654,2765,159656],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,159655,64249],{},[15,159657,46398],{},[197,159659,159660,159661,2765,159663],{},"a variable such as ",[15,159662,1710],{},[15,159664,9187],{},[39,159666,121601],{"id":121600},[20,159668,159669],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[44,159671,159673],{"className":46,"code":159672,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,159674,159675,159693,159707,159721,159743,159769],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,159676,159677,159679,159681,159683,159685,159687,159689,159691],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,159678,145],{"class":144},[53,159680,127],{"class":66},[53,159682,1705],{"class":1704},[53,159684,127],{"class":66},[53,159686,229],{"class":228},[53,159688,3732],{"class":232},[53,159690,229],{"class":228},[53,159692,1713],{"class":66},[53,159694,159695,159697,159699,159701,159703,159705],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,159696,145],{"class":144},[53,159698,127],{"class":66},[53,159700,1705],{"class":1704},[53,159702,127],{"class":66},[53,159704,1188],{"class":70},[53,159706,1713],{"class":66},[53,159708,159709,159711,159713,159715,159717,159719],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,159710,145],{"class":144},[53,159712,127],{"class":66},[53,159714,1705],{"class":1704},[53,159716,127],{"class":66},[53,159718,40016],{"class":70},[53,159720,1713],{"class":66},[53,159722,159723,159725,159727,159729,159731,159733,159735,159737,159739,159741],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,159724,145],{"class":144},[53,159726,127],{"class":66},[53,159728,1705],{"class":1704},[53,159730,2873],{"class":66},[53,159732,71],{"class":70},[53,159734,74],{"class":66},[53,159736,77],{"class":70},[53,159738,74],{"class":66},[53,159740,82],{"class":70},[53,159742,2886],{"class":66},[53,159744,159745,159747,159749,159751,159753,159755,159757,159759,159761,159763,159765,159767],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,159746,145],{"class":144},[53,159748,127],{"class":66},[53,159750,1705],{"class":1704},[53,159752,5414],{"class":66},[53,159754,229],{"class":228},[53,159756,1710],{"class":232},[53,159758,229],{"class":228},[53,159760,192],{"class":66},[53,159762,240],{"class":228},[53,159764,1679],{"class":232},[53,159766,229],{"class":228},[53,159768,5423],{"class":66},[53,159770,159771,159773,159775,159777,159779,159781],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,159772,145],{"class":144},[53,159774,127],{"class":66},[53,159776,1705],{"class":1704},[53,159778,127],{"class":66},[53,159780,3492],{"class":3739},[53,159782,1713],{"class":66},[20,159784,301],{},[44,159786,159788],{"className":46,"code":159787,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,159789,159790,159804,159818,159832,159846,159860],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,159791,159792,159794,159796,159798,159800,159802],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,159793,3178],{"class":63},[53,159795,3181],{"class":1954},[53,159797,323],{"class":228},[53,159799,3330],{"class":232},[53,159801,314],{"class":228},[53,159803,3190],{"class":63},[53,159805,159806,159808,159810,159812,159814,159816],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,159807,3178],{"class":63},[53,159809,3181],{"class":1954},[53,159811,323],{"class":228},[53,159813,2075],{"class":232},[53,159815,314],{"class":228},[53,159817,3190],{"class":63},[53,159819,159820,159822,159824,159826,159828,159830],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,159821,3178],{"class":63},[53,159823,3181],{"class":1954},[53,159825,323],{"class":228},[53,159827,2079],{"class":232},[53,159829,314],{"class":228},[53,159831,3190],{"class":63},[53,159833,159834,159836,159838,159840,159842,159844],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,159835,3178],{"class":63},[53,159837,3181],{"class":1954},[53,159839,323],{"class":228},[53,159841,7979],{"class":232},[53,159843,314],{"class":228},[53,159845,3190],{"class":63},[53,159847,159848,159850,159852,159854,159856,159858],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,159849,3178],{"class":63},[53,159851,3181],{"class":1954},[53,159853,323],{"class":228},[53,159855,8708],{"class":232},[53,159857,314],{"class":228},[53,159859,3190],{"class":63},[53,159861,159862,159864,159866,159868,159870,159872],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,159863,3178],{"class":63},[53,159865,3181],{"class":1954},[53,159867,323],{"class":228},[53,159869,3755],{"class":232},[53,159871,314],{"class":228},[53,159873,3190],{"class":63},[20,159875,159876],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,159878,159879,159880,99],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[758,159881,44669],{"href":48851},[39,159883,485,159885,159887],{"id":159884},"using-type-with-variables",[15,159886,2190],{}," with variables",[20,159889,159890],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,159892,159893],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[44,159895,159897],{"className":46,"code":159896,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,159898,159899,159907,159925,159929,159941,159959,159963,159975],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,159900,159901,159903,159905],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,159902,2335],{"class":59},[53,159904,31],{"class":63},[53,159906,2472],{"class":70},[53,159908,159909,159911,159913,159915,159917,159919,159921,159923],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,159910,145],{"class":144},[53,159912,127],{"class":66},[53,159914,2360],{"class":102},[53,159916,74],{"class":66},[53,159918,49263],{"class":1704},[53,159920,127],{"class":66},[53,159922,2360],{"class":102},[53,159924,1713],{"class":66},[53,159926,159927],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,159928,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,159930,159931,159933,159935,159937,159939],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,159932,2335],{"class":59},[53,159934,31],{"class":63},[53,159936,240],{"class":228},[53,159938,45779],{"class":232},[53,159940,1682],{"class":228},[53,159942,159943,159945,159947,159949,159951,159953,159955,159957],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,159944,145],{"class":144},[53,159946,127],{"class":66},[53,159948,2360],{"class":102},[53,159950,74],{"class":66},[53,159952,49263],{"class":1704},[53,159954,127],{"class":66},[53,159956,2360],{"class":102},[53,159958,1713],{"class":66},[53,159960,159961],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,159962,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,159964,159965,159967,159969,159971,159973],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,159966,2335],{"class":59},[53,159968,31],{"class":63},[53,159970,67],{"class":66},[53,159972,1188],{"class":70},[53,159974,85],{"class":66},[53,159976,159977,159979,159981,159983,159985,159987,159989,159991],{"class":55,"line":6312},[53,159978,145],{"class":144},[53,159980,127],{"class":66},[53,159982,2360],{"class":102},[53,159984,74],{"class":66},[53,159986,49263],{"class":1704},[53,159988,127],{"class":66},[53,159990,2360],{"class":102},[53,159992,1713],{"class":66},[20,159994,301],{},[44,159996,159998],{"className":46,"code":159997,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,159999,160000,160017,160034],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160001,160002,160004,160007,160009,160011,160013,160015],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160003,1188],{"class":70},[53,160005,160006],{"class":63}," \u003C",[53,160008,3181],{"class":1954},[53,160010,323],{"class":228},[53,160012,2075],{"class":232},[53,160014,314],{"class":228},[53,160016,3190],{"class":63},[53,160018,160019,160022,160024,160026,160028,160030,160032],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,160020,160021],{"class":59},"ten ",[53,160023,3178],{"class":63},[53,160025,3181],{"class":1954},[53,160027,323],{"class":228},[53,160029,3330],{"class":232},[53,160031,314],{"class":228},[53,160033,3190],{"class":63},[53,160035,160036,160038,160040,160042,160044,160046,160048,160050,160052],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,160037,311],{"class":66},[53,160039,1188],{"class":70},[53,160041,13152],{"class":66},[53,160043,160006],{"class":63},[53,160045,3181],{"class":1954},[53,160047,323],{"class":228},[53,160049,7979],{"class":232},[53,160051,314],{"class":228},[53,160053,3190],{"class":63},[20,160055,160056,160058],{},[15,160057,2190],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,160060,160061],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[44,160063,160065],{"className":46,"code":160064,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,160066,160067,160085,160099,160103,160117],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160068,160069,160071,160073,160075,160077,160079,160081,160083],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160070,3278],{"class":59},[53,160072,31],{"class":63},[53,160074,8128],{"class":144},[53,160076,127],{"class":66},[53,160078,229],{"class":228},[53,160080,41743],{"class":232},[53,160082,229],{"class":228},[53,160084,133],{"class":66},[53,160086,160087,160089,160091,160093,160095,160097],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,160088,145],{"class":144},[53,160090,127],{"class":66},[53,160092,1705],{"class":1704},[53,160094,127],{"class":66},[53,160096,3304],{"class":102},[53,160098,1713],{"class":66},[53,160100,160101],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,160102,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,160104,160105,160107,160109,160111,160113,160115],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,160106,122713],{"class":59},[53,160108,31],{"class":63},[53,160110,45148],{"class":1704},[53,160112,127],{"class":66},[53,160114,3304],{"class":102},[53,160116,133],{"class":66},[53,160118,160119,160121,160123,160125,160127,160129],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,160120,145],{"class":144},[53,160122,127],{"class":66},[53,160124,1705],{"class":1704},[53,160126,127],{"class":66},[53,160128,122736],{"class":102},[53,160130,1713],{"class":66},[20,160132,40992,160133,40996],{},[15,160134,9081],{},[44,160136,160137],{"className":46,"code":124789,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,160138,160139,160153],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160140,160141,160143,160145,160147,160149,160151],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160142,3178],{"class":63},[53,160144,3181],{"class":1954},[53,160146,323],{"class":228},[53,160148,3330],{"class":232},[53,160150,314],{"class":228},[53,160152,3190],{"class":63},[53,160154,160155,160157,160159,160161,160163,160165],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,160156,3178],{"class":63},[53,160158,3181],{"class":1954},[53,160160,323],{"class":228},[53,160162,2075],{"class":232},[53,160164,314],{"class":228},[53,160166,3190],{"class":63},[20,160168,45575,160169,160173,160174,2765,160178,160182],{},[758,160170,160171],{"href":8105},[15,160172,2845],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[758,160175,160176],{"href":2761},[15,160177,2764],{},[758,160179,160180],{"href":2768},[15,160181,2771],{}," if you need a number.",[20,160184,160185,160186,99],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[758,160187,8868],{"href":8867},[39,160189,160191,10474,160193],{"id":160190},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,160192,2190],{},[15,160194,44677],{},[20,160196,160197,960,160199,160201],{},[15,160198,2190],{},[15,160200,44677],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[194,160203,160204,160209],{},[197,160205,160206,160208],{},[15,160207,2190],{}," tells you the exact type",[197,160210,160211,160213],{},[15,160212,44677],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,160215,211],{},[44,160217,160219],{"className":46,"code":160218,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160220,160221,160229,160233,160247],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160222,160223,160225,160227],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160224,2335],{"class":59},[53,160226,31],{"class":63},[53,160228,34716],{"class":70},[53,160230,160231],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,160232,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,160234,160235,160237,160239,160241,160243,160245],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,160236,145],{"class":144},[53,160238,127],{"class":66},[53,160240,1705],{"class":1704},[53,160242,127],{"class":66},[53,160244,2360],{"class":102},[53,160246,1713],{"class":66},[53,160248,160249,160251,160253,160255,160257,160259,160261,160263],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,160250,145],{"class":144},[53,160252,127],{"class":66},[53,160254,48748],{"class":144},[53,160256,127],{"class":66},[53,160258,2360],{"class":102},[53,160260,74],{"class":66},[53,160262,45148],{"class":1704},[53,160264,1713],{"class":66},[20,160266,301],{},[44,160268,160270],{"className":46,"code":160269,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,160271,160272,160286],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160273,160274,160276,160278,160280,160282,160284],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160275,3178],{"class":63},[53,160277,3181],{"class":1954},[53,160279,323],{"class":228},[53,160281,2075],{"class":232},[53,160283,314],{"class":228},[53,160285,3190],{"class":63},[53,160287,160288],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,160289,3868],{"class":3739},[20,160291,160292,160293,160295],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,160294,44677],{}," is more practical.",[44,160297,160299],{"className":46,"code":160298,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,160300,160301,160309,160313,160329],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160302,160303,160305,160307],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160304,2335],{"class":59},[53,160306,31],{"class":63},[53,160308,34716],{"class":70},[53,160310,160311],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,160312,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,160314,160315,160317,160319,160321,160323,160325,160327],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,160316,6884],{"class":3764},[53,160318,49486],{"class":144},[53,160320,127],{"class":66},[53,160322,2360],{"class":102},[53,160324,74],{"class":66},[53,160326,45148],{"class":1704},[53,160328,8228],{"class":66},[53,160330,160331,160333,160335,160337,160340,160342],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,160332,7954],{"class":144},[53,160334,127],{"class":66},[53,160336,229],{"class":228},[53,160338,160339],{"class":232},"This is an integer",[53,160341,229],{"class":228},[53,160343,133],{"class":66},[20,160345,174,160346,160348],{},[15,160347,2190],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,160350,174,160351,160353,160354,7059],{},[15,160352,44677],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,160355,6884],{},[20,160357,160358,160359,99],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[758,160360,3463,160362,3396],{"href":160361},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,160363,44677],{},[39,160365,160367,160368],{"id":160366},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,160369,2190],{},[20,160371,160372],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[44,160374,160376],{"className":46,"code":160375,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,160377,160378],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160379,160380,160382,160384,160386,160388,160391,160393,160395],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160381,1705],{"class":1704},[53,160383,127],{"class":66},[53,160385,1710],{"class":102},[53,160387,74],{"class":66},[53,160389,160390],{"class":102}," bases",[53,160392,74],{"class":66},[53,160394,9058],{"class":1704},[53,160396,133],{"class":66},[20,160398,160399],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,160401,211],{},[44,160403,160405],{"className":46,"code":160404,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,160406,160407,160450,160454,160464],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160408,160409,160412,160414,160416,160418,160420,160423,160425,160427,160430,160432,160434,160437,160439,160441,160443,160446,160448],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160410,160411],{"class":59},"Person ",[53,160413,31],{"class":63},[53,160415,49263],{"class":1704},[53,160417,127],{"class":66},[53,160419,229],{"class":228},[53,160421,160422],{"class":232},"Person",[53,160424,229],{"class":228},[53,160426,74],{"class":66},[53,160428,160429],{"class":66}," (),",[53,160431,10379],{"class":66},[53,160433,229],{"class":228},[53,160435,160436],{"class":232},"species",[53,160438,229],{"class":228},[53,160440,192],{"class":66},[53,160442,240],{"class":228},[53,160444,160445],{"class":232},"human",[53,160447,229],{"class":228},[53,160449,30368],{"class":66},[53,160451,160452],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,160453,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,160455,160456,160458,160460,160462],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,160457,145],{"class":144},[53,160459,127],{"class":66},[53,160461,160422],{"class":102},[53,160463,133],{"class":66},[53,160465,160466,160468,160470,160472,160474,160476],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,160467,145],{"class":144},[53,160469,127],{"class":66},[53,160471,160422],{"class":102},[53,160473,99],{"class":66},[53,160475,160436],{"class":24620},[53,160477,133],{"class":66},[20,160479,301],{},[44,160481,160483],{"className":46,"code":160482,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,160484,160485,160500],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160486,160487,160489,160491,160493,160496,160498],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160488,3178],{"class":63},[53,160490,3181],{"class":1954},[53,160492,323],{"class":228},[53,160494,160495],{"class":232},"__main__.Person",[53,160497,314],{"class":228},[53,160499,3190],{"class":63},[53,160501,160502],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,160503,160504],{"class":59},"human\n",[20,160506,160507,160508,160510],{},"Most beginners do ",[34,160509,36],{}," need this form.",[20,160512,160513],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[39,160515,1145,160517],{"id":160516},"when-to-use-type",[15,160518,2190],{},[20,160520,160521,12332],{},[15,160522,2190],{},[194,160524,160525,160528,160531,160534],{},[197,160526,160527],{},"debug unexpected values",[197,160529,160530],{},"check what a conversion produced",[197,160532,160533],{},"learn Python data types",[197,160535,160536],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,160538,5356],{},[44,160540,160542],{"className":46,"code":160541,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160543,160544,160556,160570,160574,160588],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160545,160546,160548,160550,160552,160554],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160547,34561],{"class":59},[53,160549,31],{"class":63},[53,160551,240],{"class":228},[53,160553,50119],{"class":232},[53,160555,1682],{"class":228},[53,160557,160558,160560,160562,160564,160566,160568],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,160559,2104],{"class":59},[53,160561,31],{"class":63},[53,160563,45148],{"class":1704},[53,160565,127],{"class":66},[53,160567,34582],{"class":102},[53,160569,133],{"class":66},[53,160571,160572],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,160573,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,160575,160576,160578,160580,160582,160584,160586],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,160577,145],{"class":144},[53,160579,127],{"class":66},[53,160581,1705],{"class":1704},[53,160583,127],{"class":66},[53,160585,34582],{"class":102},[53,160587,1713],{"class":66},[53,160589,160590,160592,160594,160596,160598,160600],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,160591,145],{"class":144},[53,160593,127],{"class":66},[53,160595,1705],{"class":1704},[53,160597,127],{"class":66},[53,160599,2127],{"class":102},[53,160601,1713],{"class":66},[20,160603,301],{},[44,160605,160606],{"className":46,"code":124789,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,160607,160608,160622],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160609,160610,160612,160614,160616,160618,160620],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160611,3178],{"class":63},[53,160613,3181],{"class":1954},[53,160615,323],{"class":228},[53,160617,3330],{"class":232},[53,160619,314],{"class":228},[53,160621,3190],{"class":63},[53,160623,160624,160626,160628,160630,160632,160634],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,160625,3178],{"class":63},[53,160627,3181],{"class":1954},[53,160629,323],{"class":228},[53,160631,2075],{"class":232},[53,160633,314],{"class":228},[53,160635,3190],{"class":63},[20,160637,160638],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,160640,160641,160642,2076,160646,16942,160650,160654],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[758,160643,160644],{"href":42046},[15,160645,47556],{},[758,160647,160648],{"href":2761},[15,160649,2764],{},[758,160651,160652],{"href":2768},[15,160653,2771],{}," are often the next step.",[39,160656,25228],{"id":25227},[20,160658,160659,160660,160662],{},"A few things about ",[15,160661,2190],{}," often confuse beginners.",[1327,160664,160666,160669],{"id":160665},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,160667,160668],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,160671,64358],{},[44,160673,160675],{"className":46,"code":160674,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(5))\n",[15,160676,160677],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160678,160679,160681,160683,160685,160687,160689],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160680,145],{"class":144},[53,160682,127],{"class":66},[53,160684,1705],{"class":1704},[53,160686,127],{"class":66},[53,160688,2024],{"class":70},[53,160690,1713],{"class":66},[20,160692,122632],{},[44,160694,160695],{"className":46,"code":156144,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,160696,160697],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160698,160699,160701,160703,160705,160707,160709],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160700,3178],{"class":63},[53,160702,3181],{"class":1954},[53,160704,323],{"class":228},[53,160706,2075],{"class":232},[53,160708,314],{"class":228},[53,160710,3190],{"class":63},[20,160712,1006,160713,160715,160716,99],{},[34,160714,36],{}," print just ",[15,160717,2075],{},[20,160719,6563,160720,160722],{},[15,160721,2190],{}," returns a class object.",[1327,160724,160726,2285,160728],{"id":160725},"input-returns-str",[15,160727,2845],{},[15,160729,3330],{},[20,160731,79257],{},[44,160733,160735],{"className":46,"code":160734,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,160736,160737,160755],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160738,160739,160741,160743,160745,160747,160749,160751,160753],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160740,2335],{"class":59},[53,160742,31],{"class":63},[53,160744,8128],{"class":144},[53,160746,127],{"class":66},[53,160748,229],{"class":228},[53,160750,46182],{"class":232},[53,160752,229],{"class":228},[53,160754,133],{"class":66},[53,160756,160757,160759,160761,160763,160765,160767],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,160758,145],{"class":144},[53,160760,127],{"class":66},[53,160762,1705],{"class":1704},[53,160764,127],{"class":66},[53,160766,2360],{"class":102},[53,160768,1713],{"class":66},[20,160770,160771],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,160773,160774,160775,2765,160777,99],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,160776,2764],{},[15,160778,2771],{},[1327,160780,160782],{"id":160781},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,160784,160785],{},"Avoid code like this:",[44,160787,160789],{"className":46,"code":160788,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,160790,160791,160799,160803,160829],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160792,160793,160795,160797],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160794,2335],{"class":59},[53,160796,31],{"class":63},[53,160798,34716],{"class":70},[53,160800,160801],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,160802,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,160804,160805,160807,160809,160811,160813,160815,160817,160819,160821,160823,160825,160827],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,160806,6884],{"class":3764},[53,160808,48777],{"class":1704},[53,160810,127],{"class":66},[53,160812,1705],{"class":1704},[53,160814,127],{"class":66},[53,160816,2360],{"class":102},[53,160818,5245],{"class":66},[53,160820,6295],{"class":63},[53,160822,240],{"class":228},[53,160824,159523],{"class":232},[53,160826,229],{"class":228},[53,160828,6280],{"class":66},[53,160830,160831,160833,160835,160837,160840,160842],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,160832,7954],{"class":144},[53,160834,127],{"class":66},[53,160836,229],{"class":228},[53,160838,160839],{"class":232},"It is an int",[53,160841,229],{"class":228},[53,160843,133],{"class":66},[20,160845,160846],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,160848,160849],{},"Better options:",[44,160851,160853],{"className":46,"code":160852,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160854,160855,160863,160867,160887],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160856,160857,160859,160861],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160858,2335],{"class":59},[53,160860,31],{"class":63},[53,160862,34716],{"class":70},[53,160864,160865],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,160866,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,160868,160869,160871,160873,160875,160877,160879,160881,160883,160885],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,160870,145],{"class":144},[53,160872,127],{"class":66},[53,160874,1705],{"class":1704},[53,160876,127],{"class":66},[53,160878,2360],{"class":102},[53,160880,153],{"class":66},[53,160882,6295],{"class":63},[53,160884,45148],{"class":1704},[53,160886,133],{"class":66},[53,160888,160889,160891,160893,160895,160897,160899,160901,160903],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,160890,145],{"class":144},[53,160892,127],{"class":66},[53,160894,48748],{"class":144},[53,160896,127],{"class":66},[53,160898,2360],{"class":102},[53,160900,74],{"class":66},[53,160902,45148],{"class":1704},[53,160904,1713],{"class":66},[20,160906,301],{},[44,160908,160909],{"className":46,"code":4392,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,160910,160911,160915],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160912,160913],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160914,3868],{"class":3739},[53,160916,160917],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,160918,3868],{"class":3739},[20,160920,160921,160922,160924],{},"In most real code, ",[15,160923,44677],{}," is the more useful check.",[39,160926,2716],{"id":2715},[20,160928,14606,160929,192],{},[15,160930,2190],{},[194,160932,160933,160943,160952,160961],{},[197,160934,485,160935,160937,160938,160942],{},[15,160936,2190],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[758,160939,160940],{"href":8105},[15,160941,2845],{}," always returns a string",[197,160944,8339,160945,160947,160948,10980,160950],{},[15,160946,2190],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,160949,2075],{},[15,160951,159523],{},[197,160953,485,160954,44501,160957,160960],{},[15,160955,160956],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,160958,160959],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[197,160962,160963],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,160965,160966,160967,99],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[758,160968,160970],{"href":160969},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,160972,144298],{},[44,160974,160976],{"className":46,"code":160975,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,160977,160978,160992,161002,161016,161026],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160979,160980,160982,160984,160986,160988,160990],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160981,145],{"class":144},[53,160983,127],{"class":66},[53,160985,1705],{"class":1704},[53,160987,127],{"class":66},[53,160989,2360],{"class":102},[53,160991,1713],{"class":66},[53,160993,160994,160996,160998,161000],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,160995,145],{"class":144},[53,160997,127],{"class":66},[53,160999,2360],{"class":102},[53,161001,133],{"class":66},[53,161003,161004,161006,161008,161010,161012,161014],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,161005,145],{"class":144},[53,161007,127],{"class":66},[53,161009,41651],{"class":144},[53,161011,127],{"class":66},[53,161013,2360],{"class":102},[53,161015,1713],{"class":66},[53,161017,161018,161020,161022,161024],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,161019,32025],{"class":144},[53,161021,127],{"class":66},[53,161023,1705],{"class":1704},[53,161025,133],{"class":66},[53,161027,161028,161030,161032,161034],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,161029,34245],{"class":144},[53,161031,127],{"class":66},[53,161033,2360],{"class":102},[53,161035,133],{"class":66},[20,161037,161038],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[39,161040,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,161042,5025,161044,5028],{"id":161043},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,161045,2190],{},[20,161047,161048,161049,2076,161051,2076,161053,2080,161055,161057,161058,99],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,161050,3330],{},[15,161052,2075],{},[15,161054,7979],{},[15,161056,8708],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,161059,159520],{},[1327,161061,1756,161063,1779,161065,1744],{"id":161062},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,161064,2190],{},[15,161066,44677],{},[20,161068,46237,161069,161071,161072,161074],{},[15,161070,2190],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,161073,44677],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[1327,161076,5041,161078,161081,161082,1744],{"id":161077},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,161079,161080],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,161083,3330],{},[20,161085,28932,161086,161088,161089,2765,161091,160182],{},[15,161087,2845],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,161090,2764],{},[15,161092,2771],{},[1327,161094,5053,161096,161098],{"id":161095},"can-type-create-classes",[15,161097,2190],{}," create classes?",[20,161100,161101,161102,99],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,161103,161104],{},"type(object)",[39,161106,1788],{"id":1787},[194,161108,161109,161113,161119,161125,161129,161135,161141],{},[197,161110,161111],{},[758,161112,44669],{"href":48851},[197,161114,161115],{},[758,161116,3463,161117,3396],{"href":160361},[15,161118,44677],{},[197,161120,161121],{},[758,161122,3463,161123,3396],{"href":8105},[15,161124,2845],{},[197,161126,161127],{},[758,161128,8945],{"href":8867},[197,161130,161131],{},[758,161132,3463,161133,3396],{"href":2761},[15,161134,2764],{},[197,161136,161137],{},[758,161138,3463,161139,3396],{"href":2768},[15,161140,2771],{},[197,161142,161143],{},[758,161144,3463,161145,3396],{"href":42046},[15,161146,47556],{},[1817,161148,161149],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":161151},[161152,161153,161155,161156,161157,161159,161161,161163,161165,161172,161173,161183],{"id":3496,"depth":88,"text":3497},{"id":159526,"depth":88,"text":161154},"What the type() function does",{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372},{"id":121600,"depth":88,"text":121601},{"id":159884,"depth":88,"text":161158},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160190,"depth":88,"text":161160},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160366,"depth":88,"text":161162},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160516,"depth":88,"text":161164},"When to use type()",{"id":25227,"depth":88,"text":25228,"children":161166},[161167,161169,161171],{"id":160665,"depth":109,"text":161168},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160725,"depth":109,"text":161170},"input() returns str",{"id":160781,"depth":109,"text":160782},{"id":2715,"depth":88,"text":2716},{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":161174},[161175,161177,161179,161181],{"id":161043,"depth":109,"text":161176},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161062,"depth":109,"text":161178},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161077,"depth":109,"text":161180},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161095,"depth":109,"text":161182},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159360,"description":161184},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161190,"title":161191,"body":161192,"description":163671,"extension":1853,"meta":163672,"navigation":112,"path":163673,"seo":163674,"stem":163675,"__hash__":163676},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161193,"toc":163628},[161194,161199,161204,161213,161215,161315,161317,161342,161347,161352,161368,161371,161373,161375,161400,161403,161406,161489,161491,161540,161543,161665,161667,161740,161744,161747,161861,161863,161889,161891,161912,161917,161921,161926,161929,162033,162035,162052,162061,162064,162151,162153,162164,162169,162175,162180,162186,162189,162282,162284,162333,162339,162342,162443,162445,162498,162503,162507,162510,162609,162611,162650,162653,162658,162660,162665,162669,162782,162786,162883,162887,162975,162977,162994,162998,163121,163127,163133,163139,163144,163147,163174,163178,163180,163274,163277,163281,163284,163371,163374,163409,163411,163448,163451,163459,163464,163469,163543,163550,163552,163557,163560,163566,163569,163575,163580,163586,163591,163595,163598,163600,163625],[10,161195,3463,161197,3467],{"id":161196},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,161198,64034],{},[20,161200,161201,161203],{},[15,161202,64034],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,161205,161206,161207,161209,161210,161212],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,161208,64034],{}," inside a ",[15,161211,5843],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[39,161214,42],{"id":41},[44,161216,161218],{"className":46,"code":161217,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161219,161220,161252,161272,161276,161301],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,161221,161222,161224,161226,161228,161230,161232,161234,161236,161238,161240,161242,161244,161246,161248,161250],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,161223,4880],{"class":59},[53,161225,31],{"class":63},[53,161227,67],{"class":66},[53,161229,229],{"class":228},[53,161231,12765],{"class":232},[53,161233,229],{"class":228},[53,161235,74],{"class":66},[53,161237,240],{"class":228},[53,161239,35816],{"class":232},[53,161241,229],{"class":228},[53,161243,74],{"class":66},[53,161245,240],{"class":228},[53,161247,35825],{"class":232},[53,161249,229],{"class":228},[53,161251,85],{"class":66},[53,161253,161254,161256,161258,161260,161262,161264,161266,161268,161270],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,161255,1181],{"class":59},[53,161257,31],{"class":63},[53,161259,67],{"class":66},[53,161261,13381],{"class":70},[53,161263,74],{"class":66},[53,161265,13386],{"class":70},[53,161267,74],{"class":66},[53,161269,28791],{"class":70},[53,161271,85],{"class":66},[53,161273,161274],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,161275,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,161277,161278,161280,161282,161284,161286,161288,161291,161293,161295,161297,161299],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,161279,5843],{"class":3764},[53,161281,35867],{"class":59},[53,161283,74],{"class":66},[53,161285,4989],{"class":59},[53,161287,3771],{"class":3764},[53,161289,161290],{"class":144}," zip",[53,161292,127],{"class":66},[53,161294,4923],{"class":102},[53,161296,74],{"class":66},[53,161298,1210],{"class":102},[53,161300,8228],{"class":66},[53,161302,161303,161305,161307,161309,161311,161313],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,161304,7954],{"class":144},[53,161306,127],{"class":66},[53,161308,1710],{"class":102},[53,161310,74],{"class":66},[53,161312,130578],{"class":102},[53,161314,133],{"class":66},[20,161316,301],{},[44,161318,161320],{"className":46,"code":161319,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,161321,161322,161328,161335],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,161323,161324,161326],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,161325,133597],{"class":59},[53,161327,33009],{"class":70},[53,161329,161330,161333],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,161331,161332],{"class":59},"Ben ",[53,161334,33014],{"class":70},[53,161336,161337,161340],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,161338,161339],{"class":59},"Cara ",[53,161341,33019],{"class":70},[20,161343,174,161344,161346],{},[15,161345,64034],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[39,161348,184,161350,187],{"id":161349},"what-zip-does",[15,161351,64034],{},[194,161353,161354,161359,161362,161365],{},[197,161355,161356,161358],{},[15,161357,64034],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[197,161360,161361],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[197,161363,161364],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[197,161366,161367],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,161369,161370],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[39,161372,372],{"id":371},[20,161374,7105],{},[44,161376,161378],{"className":46,"code":161377,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,161379,161380],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,161381,161382,161384,161386,161389,161391,161394,161396,161398],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,161383,64104],{"class":144},[53,161385,127],{"class":66},[53,161387,161388],{"class":102},"iterable1",[53,161390,74],{"class":66},[53,161392,161393],{"class":102}," iterable2",[53,161395,74],{"class":66},[53,161397,34327],{"class":144},[53,161399,133],{"class":66},[20,161401,161402],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,161404,161405],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[44,161407,161409],{"className":46,"code":161408,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,161410,161411,161431,161463,161467],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,161412,161413,161415,161417,161419,161421,161423,161425,161427,161429],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,161414,60],{"class":59},[53,161416,31],{"class":63},[53,161418,67],{"class":66},[53,161420,71],{"class":70},[53,161422,74],{"class":66},[53,161424,77],{"class":70},[53,161426,74],{"class":66},[53,161428,82],{"class":70},[53,161430,85],{"class":66},[53,161432,161433,161435,161437,161439,161441,161443,161445,161447,161449,161451,161453,161455,161457,161459,161461],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,161434,35966],{"class":59},[53,161436,31],{"class":63},[53,161438,67],{"class":66},[53,161440,229],{"class":228},[53,161442,758],{"class":232},[53,161444,229],{"class":228},[53,161446,74],{"class":66},[53,161448,240],{"class":228},[53,161450,1376],{"class":232},[53,161452,229],{"class":228},[53,161454,74],{"class":66},[53,161456,240],{"class":228},[53,161458,9628],{"class":232},[53,161460,229],{"class":228},[53,161462,85],{"class":66},[53,161464,161465],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,161466,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,161468,161469,161471,161473,161475,161477,161479,161481,161483,161485,161487],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,161470,145],{"class":144},[53,161472,127],{"class":66},[53,161474,7979],{"class":1704},[53,161476,127],{"class":66},[53,161478,64104],{"class":144},[53,161480,127],{"class":66},[53,161482,150],{"class":102},[53,161484,74],{"class":66},[53,161486,69811],{"class":102},[53,161488,2799],{"class":66},[20,161490,301],{},[44,161492,161494],{"className":46,"code":161493,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161495,161496],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,161497,161498,161500,161502,161504,161506,161508,161510,161512,161514,161516,161518,161520,161522,161524,161526,161528,161530,161532,161534,161536,161538],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,161499,21609],{"class":66},[53,161501,71],{"class":70},[53,161503,74],{"class":66},[53,161505,323],{"class":228},[53,161507,758],{"class":232},[53,161509,314],{"class":228},[53,161511,9121],{"class":66},[53,161513,9124],{"class":66},[53,161515,1589],{"class":70},[53,161517,74],{"class":66},[53,161519,323],{"class":228},[53,161521,1376],{"class":232},[53,161523,314],{"class":228},[53,161525,9121],{"class":66},[53,161527,9124],{"class":66},[53,161529,815],{"class":70},[53,161531,74],{"class":66},[53,161533,323],{"class":228},[53,161535,9628],{"class":232},[53,161537,314],{"class":228},[53,161539,9137],{"class":66},[20,161541,161542],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[44,161544,161546],{"className":46,"code":161545,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161547,161548,161580,161600,161634,161638],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,161549,161550,161552,161554,161556,161558,161560,161562,161564,161566,161568,161570,161572,161574,161576,161578],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,161551,4880],{"class":59},[53,161553,31],{"class":63},[53,161555,67],{"class":66},[53,161557,229],{"class":228},[53,161559,12765],{"class":232},[53,161561,229],{"class":228},[53,161563,74],{"class":66},[53,161565,240],{"class":228},[53,161567,35816],{"class":232},[53,161569,229],{"class":228},[53,161571,74],{"class":66},[53,161573,240],{"class":228},[53,161575,35825],{"class":232},[53,161577,229],{"class":228},[53,161579,85],{"class":66},[53,161581,161582,161584,161586,161588,161590,161592,161594,161596,161598],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,161583,1181],{"class":59},[53,161585,31],{"class":63},[53,161587,67],{"class":66},[53,161589,13381],{"class":70},[53,161591,74],{"class":66},[53,161593,13386],{"class":70},[53,161595,74],{"class":66},[53,161597,28791],{"class":70},[53,161599,85],{"class":66},[53,161601,161602,161605,161607,161609,161611,161613,161615,161617,161619,161621,161623,161625,161627,161630,161632],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,161603,161604],{"class":59},"grades ",[53,161606,31],{"class":63},[53,161608,67],{"class":66},[53,161610,229],{"class":228},[53,161612,22114],{"class":232},[53,161614,229],{"class":228},[53,161616,74],{"class":66},[53,161618,240],{"class":228},[53,161620,30472],{"class":232},[53,161622,229],{"class":228},[53,161624,74],{"class":66},[53,161626,240],{"class":228},[53,161628,161629],{"class":232},"B+",[53,161631,229],{"class":228},[53,161633,85],{"class":66},[53,161635,161636],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,161637,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,161639,161640,161642,161644,161646,161648,161650,161652,161654,161656,161658,161660,161663],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,161641,145],{"class":144},[53,161643,127],{"class":66},[53,161645,7979],{"class":1704},[53,161647,127],{"class":66},[53,161649,64104],{"class":144},[53,161651,127],{"class":66},[53,161653,4923],{"class":102},[53,161655,74],{"class":66},[53,161657,1210],{"class":102},[53,161659,74],{"class":66},[53,161661,161662],{"class":102}," grades",[53,161664,2799],{"class":66},[20,161666,301],{},[44,161668,161670],{"className":46,"code":161669,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,161671,161672],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,161673,161674,161676,161678,161680,161682,161684,161686,161688,161690,161692,161694,161696,161698,161700,161702,161704,161706,161708,161710,161712,161714,161716,161718,161720,161722,161724,161726,161728,161730,161732,161734,161736,161738],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,161675,21609],{"class":66},[53,161677,314],{"class":228},[53,161679,12765],{"class":232},[53,161681,314],{"class":228},[53,161683,74],{"class":66},[53,161685,19766],{"class":70},[53,161687,74],{"class":66},[53,161689,323],{"class":228},[53,161691,22114],{"class":232},[53,161693,314],{"class":228},[53,161695,9121],{"class":66},[53,161697,9124],{"class":66},[53,161699,314],{"class":228},[53,161701,35816],{"class":232},[53,161703,314],{"class":228},[53,161705,74],{"class":66},[53,161707,13386],{"class":70},[53,161709,74],{"class":66},[53,161711,323],{"class":228},[53,161713,30472],{"class":232},[53,161715,314],{"class":228},[53,161717,9121],{"class":66},[53,161719,9124],{"class":66},[53,161721,314],{"class":228},[53,161723,35825],{"class":232},[53,161725,314],{"class":228},[53,161727,74],{"class":66},[53,161729,28791],{"class":70},[53,161731,74],{"class":66},[53,161733,323],{"class":228},[53,161735,161629],{"class":232},[53,161737,314],{"class":228},[53,161739,9137],{"class":66},[39,161741,161743],{"id":161742},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,161745,161746],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[44,161748,161750],{"className":46,"code":161749,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,161751,161752,161784,161804,161808,161832],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,161753,161754,161756,161758,161760,161762,161764,161766,161768,161770,161772,161774,161776,161778,161780,161782],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,161755,4880],{"class":59},[53,161757,31],{"class":63},[53,161759,67],{"class":66},[53,161761,229],{"class":228},[53,161763,12765],{"class":232},[53,161765,229],{"class":228},[53,161767,74],{"class":66},[53,161769,240],{"class":228},[53,161771,35816],{"class":232},[53,161773,229],{"class":228},[53,161775,74],{"class":66},[53,161777,240],{"class":228},[53,161779,35825],{"class":232},[53,161781,229],{"class":228},[53,161783,85],{"class":66},[53,161785,161786,161788,161790,161792,161794,161796,161798,161800,161802],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,161787,1181],{"class":59},[53,161789,31],{"class":63},[53,161791,67],{"class":66},[53,161793,13381],{"class":70},[53,161795,74],{"class":66},[53,161797,13386],{"class":70},[53,161799,74],{"class":66},[53,161801,28791],{"class":70},[53,161803,85],{"class":66},[53,161805,161806],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,161807,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,161809,161810,161812,161814,161816,161818,161820,161822,161824,161826,161828,161830],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,161811,5843],{"class":3764},[53,161813,35867],{"class":59},[53,161815,74],{"class":66},[53,161817,4989],{"class":59},[53,161819,3771],{"class":3764},[53,161821,161290],{"class":144},[53,161823,127],{"class":66},[53,161825,4923],{"class":102},[53,161827,74],{"class":66},[53,161829,1210],{"class":102},[53,161831,8228],{"class":66},[53,161833,161834,161836,161838,161840,161842,161844,161846,161848,161851,161853,161855,161857,161859],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,161835,7954],{"class":144},[53,161837,127],{"class":66},[53,161839,22163],{"class":1954},[53,161841,229],{"class":232},[53,161843,9166],{"class":70},[53,161845,1710],{"class":102},[53,161847,22172],{"class":70},[53,161849,161850],{"class":232}," scored ",[53,161852,9166],{"class":70},[53,161854,85235],{"class":102},[53,161856,22172],{"class":70},[53,161858,229],{"class":232},[53,161860,133],{"class":66},[20,161862,301],{},[44,161864,161866],{"className":46,"code":161865,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,161867,161868,161875,161882],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,161869,161870,161873],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,161871,161872],{"class":59},"Ana scored ",[53,161874,33009],{"class":70},[53,161876,161877,161880],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,161878,161879],{"class":59},"Ben scored ",[53,161881,33014],{"class":70},[53,161883,161884,161887],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,161885,161886],{"class":59},"Cara scored ",[53,161888,33019],{"class":70},[20,161890,44802],{},[194,161892,161893,161902,161905],{},[197,161894,161895,161898,161899],{},[15,161896,161897],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,161900,161901],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[197,161903,161904],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[197,161906,161907,960,161909,161911],{},[15,161908,1710],{},[15,161910,85235],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,161913,161914,161915,99],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[758,161916,69328],{"href":69327},[39,161918,161920],{"id":161919},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,161922,161923,161925],{},[15,161924,64034],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,161927,161928],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[44,161930,161932],{"className":46,"code":161931,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161933,161934,161975,161991,161995,162019],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,161935,161936,161938,161940,161942,161944,161946,161948,161950,161952,161954,161956,161958,161960,161962,161964,161966,161968,161971,161973],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,161937,4880],{"class":59},[53,161939,31],{"class":63},[53,161941,67],{"class":66},[53,161943,229],{"class":228},[53,161945,12765],{"class":232},[53,161947,229],{"class":228},[53,161949,74],{"class":66},[53,161951,240],{"class":228},[53,161953,35816],{"class":232},[53,161955,229],{"class":228},[53,161957,74],{"class":66},[53,161959,240],{"class":228},[53,161961,35825],{"class":232},[53,161963,229],{"class":228},[53,161965,74],{"class":66},[53,161967,240],{"class":228},[53,161969,161970],{"class":232},"Dan",[53,161972,229],{"class":228},[53,161974,85],{"class":66},[53,161976,161977,161979,161981,161983,161985,161987,161989],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,161978,1181],{"class":59},[53,161980,31],{"class":63},[53,161982,67],{"class":66},[53,161984,13381],{"class":70},[53,161986,74],{"class":66},[53,161988,13386],{"class":70},[53,161990,85],{"class":66},[53,161992,161993],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,161994,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,161996,161997,161999,162001,162003,162005,162007,162009,162011,162013,162015,162017],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,161998,5843],{"class":3764},[53,162000,35867],{"class":59},[53,162002,74],{"class":66},[53,162004,4989],{"class":59},[53,162006,3771],{"class":3764},[53,162008,161290],{"class":144},[53,162010,127],{"class":66},[53,162012,4923],{"class":102},[53,162014,74],{"class":66},[53,162016,1210],{"class":102},[53,162018,8228],{"class":66},[53,162020,162021,162023,162025,162027,162029,162031],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,162022,7954],{"class":144},[53,162024,127],{"class":66},[53,162026,1710],{"class":102},[53,162028,74],{"class":66},[53,162030,130578],{"class":102},[53,162032,133],{"class":66},[20,162034,301],{},[44,162036,162038],{"className":46,"code":162037,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,162039,162040,162046],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,162041,162042,162044],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,162043,133597],{"class":59},[53,162045,33009],{"class":70},[53,162047,162048,162050],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,162049,161332],{"class":59},[53,162051,33014],{"class":70},[20,162053,2174,162054,960,162057,162060],{},[15,162055,162056],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,162058,162059],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,162062,162063],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[44,162065,162067],{"className":46,"code":162066,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,162068,162069,162109,162125,162129],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,162070,162071,162073,162075,162077,162079,162081,162083,162085,162087,162089,162091,162093,162095,162097,162099,162101,162103,162105,162107],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,162072,4880],{"class":59},[53,162074,31],{"class":63},[53,162076,67],{"class":66},[53,162078,229],{"class":228},[53,162080,12765],{"class":232},[53,162082,229],{"class":228},[53,162084,74],{"class":66},[53,162086,240],{"class":228},[53,162088,35816],{"class":232},[53,162090,229],{"class":228},[53,162092,74],{"class":66},[53,162094,240],{"class":228},[53,162096,35825],{"class":232},[53,162098,229],{"class":228},[53,162100,74],{"class":66},[53,162102,240],{"class":228},[53,162104,161970],{"class":232},[53,162106,229],{"class":228},[53,162108,85],{"class":66},[53,162110,162111,162113,162115,162117,162119,162121,162123],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,162112,1181],{"class":59},[53,162114,31],{"class":63},[53,162116,67],{"class":66},[53,162118,13381],{"class":70},[53,162120,74],{"class":66},[53,162122,13386],{"class":70},[53,162124,85],{"class":66},[53,162126,162127],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,162128,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,162130,162131,162133,162135,162137,162139,162141,162143,162145,162147,162149],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,162132,145],{"class":144},[53,162134,127],{"class":66},[53,162136,11050],{"class":144},[53,162138,127],{"class":66},[53,162140,4923],{"class":102},[53,162142,9121],{"class":66},[53,162144,38260],{"class":144},[53,162146,127],{"class":66},[53,162148,1225],{"class":102},[53,162150,1713],{"class":66},[20,162152,301],{},[44,162154,162156],{"className":46,"code":162155,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"4 2\n",[15,162157,162158],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,162159,162160,162162],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,162161,130],{"class":70},[53,162163,45461],{"class":70},[20,162165,162166,162167,99],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,162168,64034],{},[39,162170,91826,162172,162174],{"id":162171},"converting-zip-output",[15,162173,64034],{}," output",[20,162176,28932,162177,162179],{},[15,162178,64034],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[1327,162181,174,162183],{"id":162182},"use-listzip",[15,162184,162185],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,162187,162188],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[44,162190,162192],{"className":46,"code":162191,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,162193,162194,162226,162246,162250,162272],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,162195,162196,162198,162200,162202,162204,162206,162208,162210,162212,162214,162216,162218,162220,162222,162224],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,162197,4880],{"class":59},[53,162199,31],{"class":63},[53,162201,67],{"class":66},[53,162203,229],{"class":228},[53,162205,12765],{"class":232},[53,162207,229],{"class":228},[53,162209,74],{"class":66},[53,162211,240],{"class":228},[53,162213,35816],{"class":232},[53,162215,229],{"class":228},[53,162217,74],{"class":66},[53,162219,240],{"class":228},[53,162221,35825],{"class":232},[53,162223,229],{"class":228},[53,162225,85],{"class":66},[53,162227,162228,162230,162232,162234,162236,162238,162240,162242,162244],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,162229,1181],{"class":59},[53,162231,31],{"class":63},[53,162233,67],{"class":66},[53,162235,13381],{"class":70},[53,162237,74],{"class":66},[53,162239,13386],{"class":70},[53,162241,74],{"class":66},[53,162243,28791],{"class":70},[53,162245,85],{"class":66},[53,162247,162248],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,162249,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,162251,162252,162254,162256,162258,162260,162262,162264,162266,162268,162270],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,162253,9103],{"class":59},[53,162255,31],{"class":63},[53,162257,22429],{"class":1704},[53,162259,127],{"class":66},[53,162261,64104],{"class":144},[53,162263,127],{"class":66},[53,162265,4923],{"class":102},[53,162267,74],{"class":66},[53,162269,1210],{"class":102},[53,162271,1713],{"class":66},[53,162273,162274,162276,162278,162280],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,162275,145],{"class":144},[53,162277,127],{"class":66},[53,162279,9150],{"class":102},[53,162281,133],{"class":66},[20,162283,301],{},[44,162285,162287],{"className":46,"code":162286,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,162288,162289],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,162290,162291,162293,162295,162297,162299,162301,162303,162305,162307,162309,162311,162313,162315,162317,162319,162321,162323,162325,162327,162329,162331],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,162292,21609],{"class":66},[53,162294,314],{"class":228},[53,162296,12765],{"class":232},[53,162298,314],{"class":228},[53,162300,74],{"class":66},[53,162302,19766],{"class":70},[53,162304,9121],{"class":66},[53,162306,9124],{"class":66},[53,162308,314],{"class":228},[53,162310,35816],{"class":232},[53,162312,314],{"class":228},[53,162314,74],{"class":66},[53,162316,13386],{"class":70},[53,162318,9121],{"class":66},[53,162320,9124],{"class":66},[53,162322,314],{"class":228},[53,162324,35825],{"class":232},[53,162326,314],{"class":228},[53,162328,74],{"class":66},[53,162330,28791],{"class":70},[53,162332,9137],{"class":66},[1327,162334,174,162336],{"id":162335},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,162337,162338],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,162340,162341],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[44,162343,162345],{"className":46,"code":162344,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,162346,162347,162379,162407,162411,162433],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,162348,162349,162351,162353,162355,162357,162359,162361,162363,162365,162367,162369,162371,162373,162375,162377],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,162350,17112],{"class":59},[53,162352,31],{"class":63},[53,162354,67],{"class":66},[53,162356,229],{"class":228},[53,162358,1710],{"class":232},[53,162360,229],{"class":228},[53,162362,74],{"class":66},[53,162364,240],{"class":228},[53,162366,9187],{"class":232},[53,162368,229],{"class":228},[53,162370,74],{"class":66},[53,162372,240],{"class":228},[53,162374,10297],{"class":232},[53,162376,229],{"class":228},[53,162378,85],{"class":66},[53,162380,162381,162383,162385,162387,162389,162391,162393,162395,162397,162399,162401,162403,162405],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,162382,3709],{"class":59},[53,162384,31],{"class":63},[53,162386,67],{"class":66},[53,162388,229],{"class":228},[53,162390,12765],{"class":232},[53,162392,229],{"class":228},[53,162394,74],{"class":66},[53,162396,9194],{"class":70},[53,162398,74],{"class":66},[53,162400,240],{"class":228},[53,162402,15902],{"class":232},[53,162404,229],{"class":228},[53,162406,85],{"class":66},[53,162408,162409],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,162410,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,162412,162413,162415,162417,162419,162421,162423,162425,162427,162429,162431],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,162414,13083],{"class":59},[53,162416,31],{"class":63},[53,162418,9058],{"class":1704},[53,162420,127],{"class":66},[53,162422,64104],{"class":144},[53,162424,127],{"class":66},[53,162426,16793],{"class":102},[53,162428,74],{"class":66},[53,162430,3774],{"class":102},[53,162432,1713],{"class":66},[53,162434,162435,162437,162439,162441],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,162436,145],{"class":144},[53,162438,127],{"class":66},[53,162440,17177],{"class":102},[53,162442,133],{"class":66},[20,162444,301],{},[44,162446,162448],{"className":46,"code":162447,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,162449,162450],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,162451,162452,162454,162456,162458,162460,162462,162464,162466,162468,162470,162472,162474,162476,162478,162480,162482,162484,162486,162488,162490,162492,162494,162496],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,162453,9166],{"class":66},[53,162455,314],{"class":228},[53,162457,1710],{"class":232},[53,162459,314],{"class":228},[53,162461,192],{"class":66},[53,162463,323],{"class":228},[53,162465,12765],{"class":232},[53,162467,314],{"class":228},[53,162469,74],{"class":66},[53,162471,323],{"class":228},[53,162473,9187],{"class":232},[53,162475,314],{"class":228},[53,162477,192],{"class":66},[53,162479,9194],{"class":70},[53,162481,74],{"class":66},[53,162483,323],{"class":228},[53,162485,10297],{"class":232},[53,162487,314],{"class":228},[53,162489,192],{"class":66},[53,162491,323],{"class":228},[53,162493,15902],{"class":232},[53,162495,314],{"class":228},[53,162497,9197],{"class":66},[20,162499,162500,162501,99],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[758,162502,30959],{"href":30958},[1327,162504,162506],{"id":162505},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,162508,162509],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[44,162511,162513],{"className":46,"code":162512,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162514,162515,162539,162555,162559,162577,162581,162595],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,162516,162517,162519,162521,162523,162525,162527,162529,162531,162533,162535,162537],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,162518,4880],{"class":59},[53,162520,31],{"class":63},[53,162522,67],{"class":66},[53,162524,229],{"class":228},[53,162526,12765],{"class":232},[53,162528,229],{"class":228},[53,162530,74],{"class":66},[53,162532,240],{"class":228},[53,162534,35816],{"class":232},[53,162536,229],{"class":228},[53,162538,85],{"class":66},[53,162540,162541,162543,162545,162547,162549,162551,162553],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,162542,1181],{"class":59},[53,162544,31],{"class":63},[53,162546,67],{"class":66},[53,162548,13381],{"class":70},[53,162550,74],{"class":66},[53,162552,13386],{"class":70},[53,162554,85],{"class":66},[53,162556,162557],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,162558,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,162560,162561,162563,162565,162567,162569,162571,162573,162575],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,162562,9103],{"class":59},[53,162564,31],{"class":63},[53,162566,161290],{"class":144},[53,162568,127],{"class":66},[53,162570,4923],{"class":102},[53,162572,74],{"class":66},[53,162574,1210],{"class":102},[53,162576,133],{"class":66},[53,162578,162579],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,162580,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,162582,162583,162585,162587,162589,162591,162593],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,162584,145],{"class":144},[53,162586,127],{"class":66},[53,162588,7979],{"class":1704},[53,162590,127],{"class":66},[53,162592,9150],{"class":102},[53,162594,1713],{"class":66},[53,162596,162597,162599,162601,162603,162605,162607],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,162598,145],{"class":144},[53,162600,127],{"class":66},[53,162602,7979],{"class":1704},[53,162604,127],{"class":66},[53,162606,9150],{"class":102},[53,162608,1713],{"class":66},[20,162610,301],{},[44,162612,162614],{"className":46,"code":162613,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,162615,162616,162646],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,162617,162618,162620,162622,162624,162626,162628,162630,162632,162634,162636,162638,162640,162642,162644],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,162619,21609],{"class":66},[53,162621,314],{"class":228},[53,162623,12765],{"class":232},[53,162625,314],{"class":228},[53,162627,74],{"class":66},[53,162629,19766],{"class":70},[53,162631,9121],{"class":66},[53,162633,9124],{"class":66},[53,162635,314],{"class":228},[53,162637,35816],{"class":232},[53,162639,314],{"class":228},[53,162641,74],{"class":66},[53,162643,13386],{"class":70},[53,162645,9137],{"class":66},[53,162647,162648],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,162649,467],{"class":66},[20,162651,162652],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,162654,162655,162656,99],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[758,162657,5019],{"href":5471},[39,162659,40917],{"id":40916},[20,162661,162662,162663,99],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,162664,64034],{},[1327,162666,162668],{"id":162667},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[44,162670,162672],{"className":46,"code":162671,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,162673,162674,162706,162726,162730,162754],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,162675,162676,162678,162680,162682,162684,162686,162688,162690,162692,162694,162696,162698,162700,162702,162704],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,162677,4880],{"class":59},[53,162679,31],{"class":63},[53,162681,67],{"class":66},[53,162683,229],{"class":228},[53,162685,12765],{"class":232},[53,162687,229],{"class":228},[53,162689,74],{"class":66},[53,162691,240],{"class":228},[53,162693,35816],{"class":232},[53,162695,229],{"class":228},[53,162697,74],{"class":66},[53,162699,240],{"class":228},[53,162701,35825],{"class":232},[53,162703,229],{"class":228},[53,162705,85],{"class":66},[53,162707,162708,162710,162712,162714,162716,162718,162720,162722,162724],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,162709,1181],{"class":59},[53,162711,31],{"class":63},[53,162713,67],{"class":66},[53,162715,13381],{"class":70},[53,162717,74],{"class":66},[53,162719,13386],{"class":70},[53,162721,74],{"class":66},[53,162723,28791],{"class":70},[53,162725,85],{"class":66},[53,162727,162728],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,162729,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,162731,162732,162734,162736,162738,162740,162742,162744,162746,162748,162750,162752],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,162733,5843],{"class":3764},[53,162735,35867],{"class":59},[53,162737,74],{"class":66},[53,162739,4989],{"class":59},[53,162741,3771],{"class":3764},[53,162743,161290],{"class":144},[53,162745,127],{"class":66},[53,162747,4923],{"class":102},[53,162749,74],{"class":66},[53,162751,1210],{"class":102},[53,162753,8228],{"class":66},[53,162755,162756,162758,162760,162762,162764,162766,162768,162770,162772,162774,162776,162778,162780],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,162757,7954],{"class":144},[53,162759,127],{"class":66},[53,162761,22163],{"class":1954},[53,162763,229],{"class":232},[53,162765,9166],{"class":70},[53,162767,1710],{"class":102},[53,162769,22172],{"class":70},[53,162771,22175],{"class":232},[53,162773,9166],{"class":70},[53,162775,85235],{"class":102},[53,162777,22172],{"class":70},[53,162779,229],{"class":232},[53,162781,133],{"class":66},[1327,162783,162785],{"id":162784},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[44,162787,162789],{"className":46,"code":162788,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,162790,162791,162823,162847,162851,162873],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,162792,162793,162795,162797,162799,162801,162803,162805,162807,162809,162811,162813,162815,162817,162819,162821],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,162794,17112],{"class":59},[53,162796,31],{"class":63},[53,162798,67],{"class":66},[53,162800,229],{"class":228},[53,162802,12537],{"class":232},[53,162804,229],{"class":228},[53,162806,74],{"class":66},[53,162808,240],{"class":228},[53,162810,1710],{"class":232},[53,162812,229],{"class":228},[53,162814,74],{"class":66},[53,162816,240],{"class":228},[53,162818,15692],{"class":232},[53,162820,229],{"class":228},[53,162822,85],{"class":66},[53,162824,162825,162827,162829,162831,162833,162835,162837,162839,162841,162843,162845],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,162826,3709],{"class":59},[53,162828,31],{"class":63},[53,162830,67],{"class":66},[53,162832,46464],{"class":70},[53,162834,74],{"class":66},[53,162836,240],{"class":228},[53,162838,12765],{"class":232},[53,162840,229],{"class":228},[53,162842,74],{"class":66},[53,162844,3804],{"class":3739},[53,162846,85],{"class":66},[53,162848,162849],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,162850,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,162852,162853,162855,162857,162859,162861,162863,162865,162867,162869,162871],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,162854,9053],{"class":59},[53,162856,31],{"class":63},[53,162858,9058],{"class":1704},[53,162860,127],{"class":66},[53,162862,64104],{"class":144},[53,162864,127],{"class":66},[53,162866,16793],{"class":102},[53,162868,74],{"class":66},[53,162870,3774],{"class":102},[53,162872,1713],{"class":66},[53,162874,162875,162877,162879,162881],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,162876,145],{"class":144},[53,162878,127],{"class":66},[53,162880,9092],{"class":102},[53,162882,133],{"class":66},[1327,162884,162886],{"id":162885},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[44,162888,162890],{"className":46,"code":162889,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,162891,162892,162912,162932,162936,162961],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,162893,162894,162896,162898,162900,162902,162904,162906,162908,162910],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,162895,80373],{"class":59},[53,162897,31],{"class":63},[53,162899,67],{"class":66},[53,162901,1188],{"class":70},[53,162903,74],{"class":66},[53,162905,1193],{"class":70},[53,162907,74],{"class":66},[53,162909,1198],{"class":70},[53,162911,85],{"class":66},[53,162913,162914,162916,162918,162920,162922,162924,162926,162928,162930],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,162915,80394],{"class":59},[53,162917,31],{"class":63},[53,162919,67],{"class":66},[53,162921,1188],{"class":70},[53,162923,74],{"class":66},[53,162925,9194],{"class":70},[53,162927,74],{"class":66},[53,162929,1198],{"class":70},[53,162931,85],{"class":66},[53,162933,162934],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,162935,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,162937,162938,162940,162942,162944,162947,162949,162951,162953,162955,162957,162959],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,162939,5843],{"class":3764},[53,162941,1442],{"class":59},[53,162943,74],{"class":66},[53,162945,162946],{"class":59}," b ",[53,162948,3771],{"class":3764},[53,162950,161290],{"class":144},[53,162952,127],{"class":66},[53,162954,111465],{"class":102},[53,162956,74],{"class":66},[53,162958,80437],{"class":102},[53,162960,8228],{"class":66},[53,162962,162963,162965,162967,162969,162971,162973],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,162964,7954],{"class":144},[53,162966,127],{"class":66},[53,162968,1345],{"class":102},[53,162970,4574],{"class":63},[53,162972,2445],{"class":102},[53,162974,133],{"class":66},[20,162976,301],{},[44,162978,162980],{"className":46,"code":162979,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,162981,162982,162986,162990],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,162983,162984],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,162985,3868],{"class":3739},[53,162987,162988],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,162989,3929],{"class":3739},[53,162991,162992],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,162993,3868],{"class":3739},[1327,162995,162997],{"id":162996},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[44,162999,163001],{"className":46,"code":163000,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,163002,163003,163038,163061,163065,163092],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,163004,163005,163008,163010,163012,163014,163016,163018,163020,163022,163025,163027,163029,163031,163034,163036],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,163006,163007],{"class":59},"products ",[53,163009,31],{"class":63},[53,163011,67],{"class":66},[53,163013,229],{"class":228},[53,163015,25011],{"class":232},[53,163017,229],{"class":228},[53,163019,74],{"class":66},[53,163021,240],{"class":228},[53,163023,163024],{"class":232},"Pen",[53,163026,229],{"class":228},[53,163028,74],{"class":66},[53,163030,240],{"class":228},[53,163032,163033],{"class":232},"Bag",[53,163035,229],{"class":228},[53,163037,85],{"class":66},[53,163039,163040,163042,163044,163046,163049,163051,163054,163056,163059],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,163041,82763],{"class":59},[53,163043,31],{"class":63},[53,163045,67],{"class":66},[53,163047,163048],{"class":70},"12.5",[53,163050,74],{"class":66},[53,163052,163053],{"class":70}," 1.2",[53,163055,74],{"class":66},[53,163057,163058],{"class":70}," 25.0",[53,163060,85],{"class":66},[53,163062,163063],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,163064,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,163066,163067,163069,163071,163073,163076,163078,163080,163082,163085,163087,163090],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,163068,5843],{"class":3764},[53,163070,25072],{"class":59},[53,163072,74],{"class":66},[53,163074,163075],{"class":59}," price ",[53,163077,3771],{"class":3764},[53,163079,161290],{"class":144},[53,163081,127],{"class":66},[53,163083,163084],{"class":102},"products",[53,163086,74],{"class":66},[53,163088,163089],{"class":102}," prices",[53,163091,8228],{"class":66},[53,163093,163094,163096,163098,163100,163102,163104,163106,163108,163111,163113,163115,163117,163119],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,163095,7954],{"class":144},[53,163097,127],{"class":66},[53,163099,22163],{"class":1954},[53,163101,229],{"class":232},[53,163103,9166],{"class":70},[53,163105,26879],{"class":102},[53,163107,22172],{"class":70},[53,163109,163110],{"class":232}," costs $",[53,163112,9166],{"class":70},[53,163114,25020],{"class":102},[53,163116,22172],{"class":70},[53,163118,229],{"class":232},[53,163120,133],{"class":66},[20,163122,36475,163123,99],{},[758,163124,163126],{"href":163125},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[39,163128,163130,163131],{"id":163129},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,163132,64034],{},[1327,163134,8339,163136,163138],{"id":163135},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,163137,64034],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,163140,163141,163143],{},[15,163142,64034],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,163145,163146],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[44,163148,163150],{"className":46,"code":163149,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,163151,163152],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,163153,163154,163156,163158,163160,163162,163164,163166,163168,163170,163172],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,163155,145],{"class":144},[53,163157,127],{"class":66},[53,163159,11050],{"class":144},[53,163161,127],{"class":66},[53,163163,111465],{"class":102},[53,163165,9121],{"class":66},[53,163167,38260],{"class":144},[53,163169,127],{"class":66},[53,163171,80660],{"class":102},[53,163173,1713],{"class":66},[1327,163175,163177],{"id":163176},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,163179,68551],{},[44,163181,163183],{"className":46,"code":163182,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,163184,163185,163221,163225,163238,163248,163252,163264],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,163186,163187,163189,163191,163193,163195,163197,163199,163201,163203,163205,163207,163209,163211,163213,163215,163217,163219],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,163188,9103],{"class":59},[53,163190,31],{"class":63},[53,163192,161290],{"class":144},[53,163194,2873],{"class":66},[53,163196,71],{"class":70},[53,163198,74],{"class":66},[53,163200,77],{"class":70},[53,163202,810],{"class":66},[53,163204,67],{"class":66},[53,163206,229],{"class":228},[53,163208,758],{"class":232},[53,163210,229],{"class":228},[53,163212,74],{"class":66},[53,163214,240],{"class":228},[53,163216,1376],{"class":232},[53,163218,229],{"class":228},[53,163220,3777],{"class":66},[53,163222,163223],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,163224,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,163226,163227,163229,163231,163233,163236],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,163228,5843],{"class":3764},[53,163230,5846],{"class":59},[53,163232,3771],{"class":3764},[53,163234,163235],{"class":59}," pairs",[53,163237,6280],{"class":66},[53,163239,163240,163242,163244,163246],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,163241,7954],{"class":144},[53,163243,127],{"class":66},[53,163245,23180],{"class":102},[53,163247,133],{"class":66},[53,163249,163250],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,163251,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,163253,163254,163256,163258,163260,163262],{"class":55,"line":141},[53,163255,5843],{"class":3764},[53,163257,5846],{"class":59},[53,163259,3771],{"class":3764},[53,163261,163235],{"class":59},[53,163263,6280],{"class":66},[53,163265,163266,163268,163270,163272],{"class":55,"line":160},[53,163267,7954],{"class":144},[53,163269,127],{"class":66},[53,163271,23180],{"class":102},[53,163273,133],{"class":66},[20,163275,163276],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[1327,163278,163280],{"id":163279},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,163282,163283],{},"This is correct:",[44,163285,163287],{"className":46,"code":163286,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,163288,163289,163313,163329,163333,163357],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,163290,163291,163293,163295,163297,163299,163301,163303,163305,163307,163309,163311],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,163292,4880],{"class":59},[53,163294,31],{"class":63},[53,163296,67],{"class":66},[53,163298,229],{"class":228},[53,163300,12765],{"class":232},[53,163302,229],{"class":228},[53,163304,74],{"class":66},[53,163306,240],{"class":228},[53,163308,35816],{"class":232},[53,163310,229],{"class":228},[53,163312,85],{"class":66},[53,163314,163315,163317,163319,163321,163323,163325,163327],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,163316,1181],{"class":59},[53,163318,31],{"class":63},[53,163320,67],{"class":66},[53,163322,13381],{"class":70},[53,163324,74],{"class":66},[53,163326,13386],{"class":70},[53,163328,85],{"class":66},[53,163330,163331],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,163332,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,163334,163335,163337,163339,163341,163343,163345,163347,163349,163351,163353,163355],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,163336,5843],{"class":3764},[53,163338,35867],{"class":59},[53,163340,74],{"class":66},[53,163342,4989],{"class":59},[53,163344,3771],{"class":3764},[53,163346,161290],{"class":144},[53,163348,127],{"class":66},[53,163350,4923],{"class":102},[53,163352,74],{"class":66},[53,163354,1210],{"class":102},[53,163356,8228],{"class":66},[53,163358,163359,163361,163363,163365,163367,163369],{"class":55,"line":136},[53,163360,7954],{"class":144},[53,163362,127],{"class":66},[53,163364,1710],{"class":102},[53,163366,74],{"class":66},[53,163368,130578],{"class":102},[53,163370,133],{"class":66},[20,163372,163373],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[44,163375,163377],{"className":46,"code":163376,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,163378,163379,163399],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,163380,163381,163383,163385,163387,163389,163391,163393,163395,163397],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,163382,5843],{"class":3764},[53,163384,5846],{"class":59},[53,163386,3771],{"class":3764},[53,163388,161290],{"class":144},[53,163390,127],{"class":66},[53,163392,4923],{"class":102},[53,163394,74],{"class":66},[53,163396,1210],{"class":102},[53,163398,8228],{"class":66},[53,163400,163401,163403,163405,163407],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,163402,7954],{"class":144},[53,163404,127],{"class":66},[53,163406,23180],{"class":102},[53,163408,133],{"class":66},[20,163410,301],{},[44,163412,163414],{"className":46,"code":163413,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,163415,163416,163432],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,163417,163418,163420,163422,163424,163426,163428,163430],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,163419,127],{"class":66},[53,163421,314],{"class":228},[53,163423,12765],{"class":232},[53,163425,314],{"class":228},[53,163427,74],{"class":66},[53,163429,19766],{"class":70},[53,163431,133],{"class":66},[53,163433,163434,163436,163438,163440,163442,163444,163446],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,163435,127],{"class":66},[53,163437,314],{"class":228},[53,163439,35816],{"class":232},[53,163441,314],{"class":228},[53,163443,74],{"class":66},[53,163445,13386],{"class":70},[53,163447,133],{"class":66},[20,163449,163450],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[1327,163452,485,163454,163456,163457],{"id":163453},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,163455,64034],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,163458,35624],{},[20,163460,174,163461,163463],{},[15,163462,64034],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,163465,174,163466,163468],{},[15,163467,35624],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[44,163470,163471],{"className":46,"code":35793,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,163472,163473,163505,163509,163529],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,163474,163475,163477,163479,163481,163483,163485,163487,163489,163491,163493,163495,163497,163499,163501,163503],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,163476,4880],{"class":59},[53,163478,31],{"class":63},[53,163480,67],{"class":66},[53,163482,229],{"class":228},[53,163484,12765],{"class":232},[53,163486,229],{"class":228},[53,163488,74],{"class":66},[53,163490,240],{"class":228},[53,163492,35816],{"class":232},[53,163494,229],{"class":228},[53,163496,74],{"class":66},[53,163498,240],{"class":228},[53,163500,35825],{"class":232},[53,163502,229],{"class":228},[53,163504,85],{"class":66},[53,163506,163507],{"class":55,"line":88},[53,163508,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[53,163510,163511,163513,163515,163517,163519,163521,163523,163525,163527],{"class":55,"line":109},[53,163512,5843],{"class":3764},[53,163514,35696],{"class":59},[53,163516,74],{"class":66},[53,163518,35844],{"class":59},[53,163520,3771],{"class":3764},[53,163522,35706],{"class":144},[53,163524,127],{"class":66},[53,163526,4923],{"class":102},[53,163528,8228],{"class":66},[53,163530,163531,163533,163535,163537,163539,163541],{"class":55,"line":116},[53,163532,7954],{"class":144},[53,163534,127],{"class":66},[53,163536,35721],{"class":102},[53,163538,74],{"class":66},[53,163540,35867],{"class":102},[53,163542,133],{"class":66},[20,163544,163545,163546,99],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[758,163547,3463,163548,3396],{"href":91738},[15,163549,35624],{},[39,163551,1725],{"id":1724},[1327,163553,5025,163555,5028],{"id":163554},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163556,64034],{},[20,163558,163559],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[1327,163561,1729,163563,163565],{"id":163562},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,163564,64034],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,163567,163568],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[1327,163570,163572,163573,1744],{"id":163571},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,163574,64034],{},[20,163576,163577,163578,99],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,163579,162185],{},[1327,163581,163583,163584,1744],{"id":163582},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,163585,64034],{},[20,163587,127943,163588,163590],{},[15,163589,162338],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[1327,163592,163594],{"id":163593},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,163596,163597],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[39,163599,1788],{"id":1787},[194,163601,163602,163607,163613,163617,163621],{},[197,163603,163604],{},[758,163605,163606],{"href":163125},"How to use zip in Python",[197,163608,163609],{},[758,163610,3463,163611,3396],{"href":91738},[15,163612,35624],{},[197,163614,163615],{},[758,163616,5099],{"href":5471},[197,163618,163619],{},[758,163620,69404],{"href":69327},[197,163622,163623],{},[758,163624,32133],{"href":30958},[1817,163626,163627],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":163629},[163630,163631,163633,163634,163635,163636,163644,163650,163659,163670],{"id":41,"depth":88,"text":42},{"id":161349,"depth":88,"text":163632},"What zip() does",{"id":371,"depth":88,"text":372},{"id":161742,"depth":88,"text":161743},{"id":161919,"depth":88,"text":161920},{"id":162171,"depth":88,"text":163637,"children":163638},"Converting zip() output",[163639,163641,163643],{"id":162182,"depth":109,"text":163640},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162335,"depth":109,"text":163642},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162505,"depth":109,"text":162506},{"id":40916,"depth":88,"text":40917,"children":163645},[163646,163647,163648,163649],{"id":162667,"depth":109,"text":162668},{"id":162784,"depth":109,"text":162785},{"id":162885,"depth":109,"text":162886},{"id":162996,"depth":109,"text":162997},{"id":163129,"depth":88,"text":163651,"children":163652},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163653,163655,163656,163657],{"id":163135,"depth":109,"text":163654},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163176,"depth":109,"text":163177},{"id":163279,"depth":109,"text":163280},{"id":163453,"depth":109,"text":163658},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1724,"depth":88,"text":1725,"children":163660},[163661,163663,163665,163667,163669],{"id":163554,"depth":109,"text":163662},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163562,"depth":109,"text":163664},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163571,"depth":109,"text":163666},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163582,"depth":109,"text":163668},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163593,"depth":109,"text":163594},{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":1788},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161191,"description":163671},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776945042099]