[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163722},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method":3,"nav-reference":1936},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":1929,"extension":1930,"meta":1931,"navigation":421,"path":1932,"seo":1933,"stem":1934,"__hash__":1935},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1888},"minimark",[9,19,26,29,42,45,50,148,155,162,167,181,184,190,196,200,203,224,236,239,316,319,328,333,337,346,349,366,368,503,517,521,526,529,532,552,557,648,657,665,740,743,746,758,764,768,847,850,854,858,927,929,938,942,1027,1029,1037,1041,1103,1105,1114,1118,1208,1210,1218,1224,1229,1232,1243,1245,1332,1337,1348,1352,1357,1361,1366,1430,1436,1445,1451,1464,1469,1519,1522,1546,1550,1616,1623,1630,1633,1731,1734,1745,1748,1770,1774,1781,1784,1788,1793,1800,1803,1810,1818,1827,1839,1843,1884],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-list-count-method","Python List ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"count()"," Method",[20,21,22,25],"p",{},[15,23,24],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,27,28],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[30,31,32,36,39],"ul",{},[33,34,35],"li",{},"count one specific item",[33,37,38],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[33,40,41],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,43,44],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[46,47,49],"h2",{"id":48},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[51,52,57],"pre",{"className":53,"code":54,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n","python","",[15,58,59,102,129],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,61,64,68,72,76,80,83,86,88,90,92,95,97,99],"span",{"class":62,"line":63},"line",1,[60,65,67],{"class":66},"su5hD","numbers ",[60,69,71],{"class":70},"smGrS","=",[60,73,75],{"class":74},"sP7_E"," [",[60,77,79],{"class":78},"srdBf","1",[60,81,82],{"class":74},",",[60,84,85],{"class":78}," 2",[60,87,82],{"class":74},[60,89,85],{"class":78},[60,91,82],{"class":74},[60,93,94],{"class":78}," 3",[60,96,82],{"class":74},[60,98,85],{"class":78},[60,100,101],{"class":74},"]\n",[60,103,105,108,110,113,116,120,123,126],{"class":62,"line":104},2,[60,106,107],{"class":66},"result ",[60,109,71],{"class":70},[60,111,112],{"class":66}," numbers",[60,114,115],{"class":74},".",[60,117,119],{"class":118},"slqww","count",[60,121,122],{"class":74},"(",[60,124,125],{"class":78},"2",[60,127,128],{"class":74},")\n",[60,130,132,136,138,141,144],{"class":62,"line":131},3,[60,133,135],{"class":134},"sptTA","print",[60,137,122],{"class":74},[60,139,140],{"class":118},"result",[60,142,143],{"class":74},")",[60,145,147],{"class":146},"sutJx","  # 3\n",[20,149,150,151,154],{},"Use ",[15,152,153],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[46,156,158,159,161],{"id":157},"what-listcount-does","What ",[15,160,24],{}," does",[20,163,164,166],{},[15,165,24],{},":",[30,168,169,172,175,178],{},[33,170,171],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[33,173,174],{},"returns an integer",[33,176,177],{},"does not change the original list",[33,179,180],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,182,183],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,185,186,187,115],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,188,189],{},"3",[20,191,192,193,115],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,194,195],{},"0",[46,197,199],{"id":198},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[20,201,202],{},"The syntax is:",[51,204,206],{"className":53,"code":205,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,207,208],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,209,210,213,215,217,219,222],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,211,212],{"class":66},"my_list",[60,214,115],{"class":74},[60,216,119],{"class":118},[60,218,122],{"class":74},[60,220,221],{"class":118},"value",[60,223,128],{"class":74},[30,225,226,231],{},[33,227,228,230],{},[15,229,212],{}," is the list you want to search",[33,232,233,235],{},[15,234,221],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,237,238],{},"Example:",[51,240,242],{"className":53,"code":241,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,243,244,292],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,245,246,249,251,253,257,261,263,265,268,271,273,275,277,279,281,283,285,288,290],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,247,248],{"class":66},"letters ",[60,250,71],{"class":70},[60,252,75],{"class":74},[60,254,256],{"class":255},"sjJ54","\"",[60,258,260],{"class":259},"s_sjI","a",[60,262,256],{"class":255},[60,264,82],{"class":74},[60,266,267],{"class":255}," \"",[60,269,270],{"class":259},"b",[60,272,256],{"class":255},[60,274,82],{"class":74},[60,276,267],{"class":255},[60,278,260],{"class":259},[60,280,256],{"class":255},[60,282,82],{"class":74},[60,284,267],{"class":255},[60,286,287],{"class":259},"c",[60,289,256],{"class":255},[60,291,101],{"class":74},[60,293,294,296,298,301,303,305,307,309,311,313],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,295,135],{"class":134},[60,297,122],{"class":74},[60,299,300],{"class":118},"letters",[60,302,115],{"class":74},[60,304,119],{"class":118},[60,306,122],{"class":74},[60,308,256],{"class":255},[60,310,260],{"class":259},[60,312,256],{"class":255},[60,314,315],{"class":74},"))\n",[20,317,318],{},"Output:",[51,320,322],{"className":53,"code":321,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"2\n",[15,323,324],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,325,326],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,327,321],{"class":78},[20,329,330,331,115],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,332,195],{},[46,334,336],{"id":335},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,338,339,340,342,343,115],{},"The return value from ",[15,341,17],{}," is always an ",[15,344,345],{},"int",[20,347,348],{},"Possible results:",[30,350,351,356,361],{},[33,352,353,355],{},[15,354,195],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[33,357,358,360],{},[15,359,79],{}," if it appears once",[33,362,363,365],{},[15,364,125],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,367,238],{},[51,369,371],{"className":53,"code":370,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,372,373,417,423,450,476],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,374,375,378,380,382,384,387,389,391,393,396,398,400,402,405,407,409,411,413,415],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,376,377],{"class":66},"colors ",[60,379,71],{"class":70},[60,381,75],{"class":74},[60,383,256],{"class":255},[60,385,386],{"class":259},"red",[60,388,256],{"class":255},[60,390,82],{"class":74},[60,392,267],{"class":255},[60,394,395],{"class":259},"blue",[60,397,256],{"class":255},[60,399,82],{"class":74},[60,401,267],{"class":255},[60,403,404],{"class":259},"green",[60,406,256],{"class":255},[60,408,82],{"class":74},[60,410,267],{"class":255},[60,412,395],{"class":259},[60,414,256],{"class":255},[60,416,101],{"class":74},[60,418,419],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,420,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},true,"\n",[60,424,425,427,429,432,434,436,438,440,442,444,447],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,426,135],{"class":134},[60,428,122],{"class":74},[60,430,431],{"class":118},"colors",[60,433,115],{"class":74},[60,435,119],{"class":118},[60,437,122],{"class":74},[60,439,256],{"class":255},[60,441,395],{"class":259},[60,443,256],{"class":255},[60,445,446],{"class":74},"))",[60,448,449],{"class":146},"   # 2\n",[60,451,453,455,457,459,461,463,465,467,469,471,473],{"class":62,"line":452},4,[60,454,135],{"class":134},[60,456,122],{"class":74},[60,458,431],{"class":118},[60,460,115],{"class":74},[60,462,119],{"class":118},[60,464,122],{"class":74},[60,466,256],{"class":255},[60,468,386],{"class":259},[60,470,256],{"class":255},[60,472,446],{"class":74},[60,474,475],{"class":146},"    # 1\n",[60,477,479,481,483,485,487,489,491,493,496,498,500],{"class":62,"line":478},5,[60,480,135],{"class":134},[60,482,122],{"class":74},[60,484,431],{"class":118},[60,486,115],{"class":74},[60,488,119],{"class":118},[60,490,122],{"class":74},[60,492,256],{"class":255},[60,494,495],{"class":259},"yellow",[60,497,256],{"class":255},[60,499,446],{"class":74},[60,501,502],{"class":146}," # 0\n",[20,504,505,506,508,509,512,513,115],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,507,17],{}," works, but using ",[15,510,511],{},"in"," is often simpler. See ",[260,514,516],{"href":515},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[46,518,520],{"id":519},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,522,523,525],{},[15,524,24],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,527,528],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,530,531],{},"Important details:",[30,533,534,537,540,549],{},[33,535,536],{},"matches are based on equality",[33,538,539],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[33,541,542,544,545,548],{},[15,543,79],{}," and ",[15,546,547],{},"True"," may compare as equal in Python",[33,550,551],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[553,554,556],"h3",{"id":555},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[51,558,560],{"className":53,"code":559,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,561,562,597,623],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,563,564,567,569,571,573,576,578,580,582,585,587,589,591,593,595],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,565,566],{"class":66},"words ",[60,568,71],{"class":70},[60,570,75],{"class":74},[60,572,256],{"class":255},[60,574,575],{"class":259},"apple",[60,577,256],{"class":255},[60,579,82],{"class":74},[60,581,267],{"class":255},[60,583,584],{"class":259},"Apple",[60,586,256],{"class":255},[60,588,82],{"class":74},[60,590,267],{"class":255},[60,592,575],{"class":259},[60,594,256],{"class":255},[60,596,101],{"class":74},[60,598,599,601,603,606,608,610,612,614,616,618,620],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,600,135],{"class":134},[60,602,122],{"class":74},[60,604,605],{"class":118},"words",[60,607,115],{"class":74},[60,609,119],{"class":118},[60,611,122],{"class":74},[60,613,256],{"class":255},[60,615,575],{"class":259},[60,617,256],{"class":255},[60,619,446],{"class":74},[60,621,622],{"class":146},"  # 2\n",[60,624,625,627,629,631,633,635,637,639,641,643,645],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,626,135],{"class":134},[60,628,122],{"class":74},[60,630,605],{"class":118},[60,632,115],{"class":74},[60,634,119],{"class":118},[60,636,122],{"class":74},[60,638,256],{"class":255},[60,640,584],{"class":259},[60,642,256],{"class":255},[60,644,446],{"class":74},[60,646,647],{"class":146},"  # 1\n",[20,649,650,544,653,656],{},[15,651,652],{},"\"apple\"",[15,654,655],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[553,658,660,544,662,664],{"id":659},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,661,79],{},[15,663,547],{}," can match",[51,666,668],{"className":53,"code":667,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,669,670,698,720],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,671,672,675,677,679,681,683,687,689,691,693,696],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,673,674],{"class":66},"values ",[60,676,71],{"class":70},[60,678,75],{"class":74},[60,680,79],{"class":78},[60,682,82],{"class":74},[60,684,686],{"class":685},"s39Yj"," True",[60,688,82],{"class":74},[60,690,85],{"class":78},[60,692,82],{"class":74},[60,694,695],{"class":78}," 1",[60,697,101],{"class":74},[60,699,700,702,704,707,709,711,713,715,717],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,701,135],{"class":134},[60,703,122],{"class":74},[60,705,706],{"class":118},"values",[60,708,115],{"class":74},[60,710,119],{"class":118},[60,712,122],{"class":74},[60,714,79],{"class":78},[60,716,446],{"class":74},[60,718,719],{"class":146},"     # 3\n",[60,721,722,724,726,728,730,732,734,736,738],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,723,135],{"class":134},[60,725,122],{"class":74},[60,727,706],{"class":118},[60,729,115],{"class":74},[60,731,119],{"class":118},[60,733,122],{"class":74},[60,735,547],{"class":685},[60,737,446],{"class":74},[60,739,147],{"class":146},[20,741,742],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,744,745],{},"In Python:",[30,747,748,753],{},[33,749,750],{},[15,751,752],{},"True == 1",[33,754,755],{},[15,756,757],{},"False == 0",[20,759,760,761,763],{},"So ",[15,762,17],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[553,765,767],{"id":766},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[51,769,771],{"className":53,"code":770,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,772,773,820],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,774,775,778,780,783,785,787,789,792,794,796,798,801,803,805,807,809,811,813,815,817],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,776,777],{"class":66},"items ",[60,779,71],{"class":70},[60,781,782],{"class":74}," [[",[60,784,79],{"class":78},[60,786,82],{"class":74},[60,788,85],{"class":78},[60,790,791],{"class":74},"],",[60,793,75],{"class":74},[60,795,189],{"class":78},[60,797,82],{"class":74},[60,799,800],{"class":78}," 4",[60,802,791],{"class":74},[60,804,75],{"class":74},[60,806,79],{"class":78},[60,808,82],{"class":74},[60,810,85],{"class":78},[60,812,791],{"class":74},[60,814,75],{"class":74},[60,816,79],{"class":78},[60,818,819],{"class":74},"]]\n",[60,821,822,824,826,829,831,833,836,838,840,842,845],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,823,135],{"class":134},[60,825,122],{"class":74},[60,827,828],{"class":118},"items",[60,830,115],{"class":74},[60,832,119],{"class":118},[60,834,835],{"class":74},"([",[60,837,79],{"class":78},[60,839,82],{"class":74},[60,841,85],{"class":78},[60,843,844],{"class":74},"]))",[60,846,622],{"class":146},[20,848,849],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[46,851,853],{"id":852},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[553,855,857],{"id":856},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[51,859,861],{"className":53,"code":860,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,862,863,895,913,917],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,864,865,867,869,871,874,876,879,881,884,886,889,891,893],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,866,67],{"class":66},[60,868,71],{"class":70},[60,870,75],{"class":74},[60,872,873],{"class":78},"10",[60,875,82],{"class":74},[60,877,878],{"class":78}," 20",[60,880,82],{"class":74},[60,882,883],{"class":78}," 10",[60,885,82],{"class":74},[60,887,888],{"class":78}," 30",[60,890,82],{"class":74},[60,892,883],{"class":78},[60,894,101],{"class":74},[60,896,897,899,901,903,905,907,909,911],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,898,107],{"class":66},[60,900,71],{"class":70},[60,902,112],{"class":66},[60,904,115],{"class":74},[60,906,119],{"class":118},[60,908,122],{"class":74},[60,910,873],{"class":78},[60,912,128],{"class":74},[60,914,915],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,916,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,918,919,921,923,925],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,920,135],{"class":134},[60,922,122],{"class":74},[60,924,140],{"class":118},[60,926,128],{"class":74},[20,928,318],{},[51,930,932],{"className":53,"code":931,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"3\n",[15,933,934],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,935,936],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,937,931],{"class":78},[553,939,941],{"id":940},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[51,943,945],{"className":53,"code":944,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,946,947,990,1013,1017],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,948,949,951,953,955,957,960,962,964,966,969,971,973,975,977,979,981,983,986,988],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,950,566],{"class":66},[60,952,71],{"class":70},[60,954,75],{"class":74},[60,956,256],{"class":255},[60,958,959],{"class":259},"cat",[60,961,256],{"class":255},[60,963,82],{"class":74},[60,965,267],{"class":255},[60,967,968],{"class":259},"dog",[60,970,256],{"class":255},[60,972,82],{"class":74},[60,974,267],{"class":255},[60,976,959],{"class":259},[60,978,256],{"class":255},[60,980,82],{"class":74},[60,982,267],{"class":255},[60,984,985],{"class":259},"bird",[60,987,256],{"class":255},[60,989,101],{"class":74},[60,991,992,994,996,999,1001,1003,1005,1007,1009,1011],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,993,107],{"class":66},[60,995,71],{"class":70},[60,997,998],{"class":66}," words",[60,1000,115],{"class":74},[60,1002,119],{"class":118},[60,1004,122],{"class":74},[60,1006,256],{"class":255},[60,1008,959],{"class":259},[60,1010,256],{"class":255},[60,1012,128],{"class":74},[60,1014,1015],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,1016,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,1018,1019,1021,1023,1025],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,1020,135],{"class":134},[60,1022,122],{"class":74},[60,1024,140],{"class":118},[60,1026,128],{"class":74},[20,1028,318],{},[51,1030,1031],{"className":53,"code":321,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,1032,1033],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1034,1035],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1036,321],{"class":78},[553,1038,1040],{"id":1039},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[51,1042,1044],{"className":53,"code":1043,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,1045,1046,1070,1089,1093],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1047,1048,1050,1052,1054,1056,1058,1060,1062,1064,1066,1068],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1049,67],{"class":66},[60,1051,71],{"class":70},[60,1053,75],{"class":74},[60,1055,79],{"class":78},[60,1057,82],{"class":74},[60,1059,85],{"class":78},[60,1061,82],{"class":74},[60,1063,94],{"class":78},[60,1065,82],{"class":74},[60,1067,800],{"class":78},[60,1069,101],{"class":74},[60,1071,1072,1074,1076,1078,1080,1082,1084,1087],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,1073,107],{"class":66},[60,1075,71],{"class":70},[60,1077,112],{"class":66},[60,1079,115],{"class":74},[60,1081,119],{"class":118},[60,1083,122],{"class":74},[60,1085,1086],{"class":78},"5",[60,1088,128],{"class":74},[60,1090,1091],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,1092,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,1094,1095,1097,1099,1101],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,1096,135],{"class":134},[60,1098,122],{"class":74},[60,1100,140],{"class":118},[60,1102,128],{"class":74},[20,1104,318],{},[51,1106,1108],{"className":53,"code":1107,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"0\n",[15,1109,1110],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1111,1112],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1113,1107],{"class":78},[553,1115,1117],{"id":1116},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[51,1119,1121],{"className":53,"code":1120,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,1122,1123,1170,1194,1198],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1124,1125,1128,1130,1132,1134,1136,1138,1140,1142,1144,1146,1148,1150,1152,1154,1156,1158,1160,1162,1164,1166,1168],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1126,1127],{"class":66},"data ",[60,1129,71],{"class":70},[60,1131,782],{"class":74},[60,1133,79],{"class":78},[60,1135,82],{"class":74},[60,1137,85],{"class":78},[60,1139,791],{"class":74},[60,1141,75],{"class":74},[60,1143,79],{"class":78},[60,1145,82],{"class":74},[60,1147,85],{"class":78},[60,1149,791],{"class":74},[60,1151,75],{"class":74},[60,1153,125],{"class":78},[60,1155,82],{"class":74},[60,1157,94],{"class":78},[60,1159,791],{"class":74},[60,1161,75],{"class":74},[60,1163,79],{"class":78},[60,1165,82],{"class":74},[60,1167,85],{"class":78},[60,1169,819],{"class":74},[60,1171,1172,1174,1176,1179,1181,1183,1185,1187,1189,1191],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,1173,107],{"class":66},[60,1175,71],{"class":70},[60,1177,1178],{"class":66}," data",[60,1180,115],{"class":74},[60,1182,119],{"class":118},[60,1184,835],{"class":74},[60,1186,79],{"class":78},[60,1188,82],{"class":74},[60,1190,85],{"class":78},[60,1192,1193],{"class":74},"])\n",[60,1195,1196],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,1197,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,1199,1200,1202,1204,1206],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,1201,135],{"class":134},[60,1203,122],{"class":74},[60,1205,140],{"class":118},[60,1207,128],{"class":74},[20,1209,318],{},[51,1211,1212],{"className":53,"code":931,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,1213,1214],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1215,1216],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1217,931],{"class":78},[46,1219,1221,1222],{"id":1220},"when-to-use-count","When to use ",[15,1223,17],{},[20,1225,150,1226,1228],{},[15,1227,17],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,1230,1231],{},"Good use cases:",[30,1233,1234,1237,1240],{},[33,1235,1236],{},"counting one specific item",[33,1238,1239],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[33,1241,1242],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,1244,238],{},[51,1246,1248],{"className":53,"code":1247,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,1249,1250,1293,1317,1321],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1251,1252,1255,1257,1259,1261,1264,1266,1268,1270,1273,1275,1277,1279,1281,1283,1285,1287,1289,1291],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1253,1254],{"class":66},"votes ",[60,1256,71],{"class":70},[60,1258,75],{"class":74},[60,1260,256],{"class":255},[60,1262,1263],{"class":259},"yes",[60,1265,256],{"class":255},[60,1267,82],{"class":74},[60,1269,267],{"class":255},[60,1271,1272],{"class":259},"no",[60,1274,256],{"class":255},[60,1276,82],{"class":74},[60,1278,267],{"class":255},[60,1280,1263],{"class":259},[60,1282,256],{"class":255},[60,1284,82],{"class":74},[60,1286,267],{"class":255},[60,1288,1263],{"class":259},[60,1290,256],{"class":255},[60,1292,101],{"class":74},[60,1294,1295,1298,1300,1303,1305,1307,1309,1311,1313,1315],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,1296,1297],{"class":66},"yes_votes ",[60,1299,71],{"class":70},[60,1301,1302],{"class":66}," votes",[60,1304,115],{"class":74},[60,1306,119],{"class":118},[60,1308,122],{"class":74},[60,1310,256],{"class":255},[60,1312,1263],{"class":259},[60,1314,256],{"class":255},[60,1316,128],{"class":74},[60,1318,1319],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,1320,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,1322,1323,1325,1327,1330],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,1324,135],{"class":134},[60,1326,122],{"class":74},[60,1328,1329],{"class":118},"yes_votes",[60,1331,128],{"class":74},[20,1333,1334,1336],{},[15,1335,17],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,1338,1339,1340,544,1344,115],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[260,1341,1343],{"href":1342},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained for beginners",[260,1345,1347],{"href":1346},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[46,1349,1351],{"id":1350},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[20,1353,1354,1355,115],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,1356,24],{},[553,1358,1360],{"id":1359},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,1362,1363,1365],{},[15,1364,24],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[51,1367,1369],{"className":53,"code":1368,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,1370,1371,1405],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1372,1373,1375,1377,1379,1381,1384,1386,1388,1390,1393,1395,1397,1399,1401,1403],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1374,566],{"class":66},[60,1376,71],{"class":70},[60,1378,75],{"class":74},[60,1380,256],{"class":255},[60,1382,1383],{"class":259},"apple pie",[60,1385,256],{"class":255},[60,1387,82],{"class":74},[60,1389,267],{"class":255},[60,1391,1392],{"class":259},"banana",[60,1394,256],{"class":255},[60,1396,82],{"class":74},[60,1398,267],{"class":255},[60,1400,1383],{"class":259},[60,1402,256],{"class":255},[60,1404,101],{"class":74},[60,1406,1407,1409,1411,1413,1415,1417,1419,1421,1423,1425,1427],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,1408,135],{"class":134},[60,1410,122],{"class":74},[60,1412,605],{"class":118},[60,1414,115],{"class":74},[60,1416,119],{"class":118},[60,1418,122],{"class":74},[60,1420,256],{"class":255},[60,1422,575],{"class":259},[60,1424,256],{"class":255},[60,1426,446],{"class":74},[60,1428,1429],{"class":146},"  # 0\n",[20,1431,1432,1433,1435],{},"Why ",[15,1434,195],{},"?",[20,1437,1438,1439,1441,1442,115],{},"Because ",[15,1440,652],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,1443,1444],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,1446,1447,1448,115],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,1449,1450],{},"str.count()",[553,1452,1454,1455,1457,1458,1460,1461],{"id":1453},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false","Expecting ",[15,1456,17],{}," to return ",[15,1459,547],{}," or ",[15,1462,1463],{},"False",[20,1465,1466,1468],{},[15,1467,17],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[51,1470,1472],{"className":53,"code":1471,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,1473,1474,1498],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1475,1476,1478,1480,1482,1484,1486,1488,1490,1492,1494,1496],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1477,67],{"class":66},[60,1479,71],{"class":70},[60,1481,75],{"class":74},[60,1483,79],{"class":78},[60,1485,82],{"class":74},[60,1487,85],{"class":78},[60,1489,82],{"class":74},[60,1491,85],{"class":78},[60,1493,82],{"class":74},[60,1495,94],{"class":78},[60,1497,101],{"class":74},[60,1499,1500,1502,1504,1507,1509,1511,1513,1515,1517],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,1501,135],{"class":134},[60,1503,122],{"class":74},[60,1505,1506],{"class":118},"numbers",[60,1508,115],{"class":74},[60,1510,119],{"class":118},[60,1512,122],{"class":74},[60,1514,125],{"class":78},[60,1516,446],{"class":74},[60,1518,622],{"class":146},[20,1520,1521],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[51,1523,1525],{"className":53,"code":1524,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,1526,1527],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1528,1529,1531,1533,1535,1539,1541,1543],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1530,135],{"class":134},[60,1532,122],{"class":74},[60,1534,125],{"class":78},[60,1536,1538],{"class":1537},"sVHd0"," in",[60,1540,112],{"class":118},[60,1542,143],{"class":74},[60,1544,1545],{"class":146},"  # True\n",[553,1547,1549],{"id":1548},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[51,1551,1553],{"className":53,"code":1552,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,1554,1555,1591],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1556,1557,1560,1562,1564,1566,1569,1571,1573,1575,1578,1580,1582,1584,1587,1589],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1558,1559],{"class":66},"names ",[60,1561,71],{"class":70},[60,1563,75],{"class":74},[60,1565,256],{"class":255},[60,1567,1568],{"class":259},"Sam",[60,1570,256],{"class":255},[60,1572,82],{"class":74},[60,1574,267],{"class":255},[60,1576,1577],{"class":259},"sam",[60,1579,256],{"class":255},[60,1581,82],{"class":74},[60,1583,267],{"class":255},[60,1585,1586],{"class":259},"SAM",[60,1588,256],{"class":255},[60,1590,101],{"class":74},[60,1592,1593,1595,1597,1600,1602,1604,1606,1608,1610,1612,1614],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,1594,135],{"class":134},[60,1596,122],{"class":74},[60,1598,1599],{"class":118},"names",[60,1601,115],{"class":74},[60,1603,119],{"class":118},[60,1605,122],{"class":74},[60,1607,256],{"class":255},[60,1609,1577],{"class":259},[60,1611,256],{"class":255},[60,1613,446],{"class":74},[60,1615,647],{"class":146},[20,1617,1618,1619,1622],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,1620,1621],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[553,1624,1626,1627,1629],{"id":1625},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type","Calling ",[15,1628,17],{}," on the wrong type",[20,1631,1632],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[51,1634,1636],{"className":53,"code":1635,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,1637,1638,1648,1664,1682,1698,1713],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1639,1640,1642,1644,1646],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1641,135],{"class":134},[60,1643,122],{"class":74},[60,1645,212],{"class":118},[60,1647,128],{"class":74},[60,1649,1650,1652,1654,1658,1660,1662],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,1651,135],{"class":134},[60,1653,122],{"class":74},[60,1655,1657],{"class":1656},"sZMiF","type",[60,1659,122],{"class":74},[60,1661,212],{"class":118},[60,1663,315],{"class":74},[60,1665,1666,1668,1670,1672,1674,1676,1678,1680],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,1667,135],{"class":134},[60,1669,122],{"class":74},[60,1671,212],{"class":118},[60,1673,115],{"class":74},[60,1675,119],{"class":118},[60,1677,122],{"class":74},[60,1679,221],{"class":118},[60,1681,315],{"class":74},[60,1683,1684,1686,1688,1691,1693,1696],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,1685,135],{"class":134},[60,1687,122],{"class":74},[60,1689,1690],{"class":118},"value ",[60,1692,511],{"class":1537},[60,1694,1695],{"class":118}," my_list",[60,1697,128],{"class":74},[60,1699,1700,1703,1706,1708,1710],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,1701,1702],{"class":1537},"for",[60,1704,1705],{"class":66}," item ",[60,1707,511],{"class":1537},[60,1709,1695],{"class":66},[60,1711,1712],{"class":74},":\n",[60,1714,1716,1719,1721,1724,1726,1729],{"class":62,"line":1715},6,[60,1717,1718],{"class":134},"    print",[60,1720,122],{"class":74},[60,1722,1723],{"class":134},"repr",[60,1725,122],{"class":74},[60,1727,1728],{"class":118},"item",[60,1730,315],{"class":74},[20,1732,1733],{},"These checks can help you see:",[30,1735,1736,1739,1742],{},[33,1737,1738],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[33,1740,1741],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[33,1743,1744],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,1746,1747],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[30,1749,1750,1756,1759,1767],{},[33,1751,1752,1753,1755],{},"using ",[15,1754,17],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[33,1757,1758],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[33,1760,1761,1762,1764,1765],{},"confusing ",[15,1763,24],{}," with string ",[15,1766,17],{},[33,1768,1769],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[46,1771,1773],{"id":1772},"faq","FAQ",[553,1775,1777,1778,1780],{"id":1776},"does-listcount-change-the-list","Does ",[15,1779,24],{}," change the list?",[20,1782,1783],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[553,1785,1787],{"id":1786},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,1789,1790,1791,115],{},"The method returns ",[15,1792,195],{},[553,1794,1796,1797,1799],{"id":1795},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once","Can ",[15,1798,24],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,1801,1802],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[553,1804,1806,1807,1809],{"id":1805},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings","Is ",[15,1808,24],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,1811,1812,1813,544,1815,1817],{},"Yes. ",[15,1814,655],{},[15,1816,652],{}," are different values.",[553,1819,1821,1822,1824,1825,1435],{"id":1820},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1","Why does ",[15,1823,547],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,1826,79],{},[20,1828,1829,1830,1832,1833,544,1835,1832,1837,115],{},"In Python, ",[15,1831,547],{}," compares equal to ",[15,1834,79],{},[15,1836,1463],{},[15,1838,195],{},[46,1840,1842],{"id":1841},"see-also","See also",[30,1844,1845,1849,1855,1860,1870,1879],{},[33,1846,1847],{},[260,1848,1343],{"href":1342},[33,1850,1851],{},[260,1852,1854],{"href":1853},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[33,1856,1857],{},[260,1858,1859],{"href":515},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[33,1861,1862],{},[260,1863,1865,1866,1869],{"href":1864},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F","Python list ",[15,1867,1868],{},"index()"," method",[33,1871,1872],{},[260,1873,1875,1876],{"href":1874},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","Python ",[15,1877,1878],{},"len()",[33,1880,1881],{},[260,1882,1883],{"href":1346},"What is a list in Python",[1885,1886,1887],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":1889},[1890,1891,1893,1894,1895,1901,1907,1909,1917,1928],{"id":48,"depth":104,"text":49},{"id":157,"depth":104,"text":1892},"What list.count() does",{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199},{"id":335,"depth":104,"text":336},{"id":519,"depth":104,"text":520,"children":1896},[1897,1898,1900],{"id":555,"depth":131,"text":556},{"id":659,"depth":131,"text":1899},"1 and True can match",{"id":766,"depth":131,"text":767},{"id":852,"depth":104,"text":853,"children":1902},[1903,1904,1905,1906],{"id":856,"depth":131,"text":857},{"id":940,"depth":131,"text":941},{"id":1039,"depth":131,"text":1040},{"id":1116,"depth":131,"text":1117},{"id":1220,"depth":104,"text":1908},"When to use count()",{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351,"children":1910},[1911,1912,1914,1915],{"id":1359,"depth":131,"text":1360},{"id":1453,"depth":131,"text":1913},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":1548,"depth":131,"text":1549},{"id":1625,"depth":131,"text":1916},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":1918},[1919,1921,1922,1924,1926],{"id":1776,"depth":131,"text":1920},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":1786,"depth":131,"text":1787},{"id":1795,"depth":131,"text":1923},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":1805,"depth":131,"text":1925},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":1820,"depth":131,"text":1927},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":5,"description":1929},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",[1937,3530,5224,6914,9045,11246,12764,14937,17143,19600,21437,24001,26100,28381,30327,32238,34234,35674,37500,40023,42182,43410,44780,46428,48747,50590,52567,54258,55509,57202,58789,60761,62511,64611,65971,67922,69485,71476,73271,75171,77613,79691,82331,84360,86323,88511,90515,92828,94510,95955,97149,98327,100167,102607,104311,106326,107850,109095,110258,111640,113711,115608,117382,119248,121367,123107,124569,126163,128086,129763,131698,133187,135971,137548,139107,141135,143087,144550,145739,147625,149036,150732,152286,153708,155111,157009,159403,161234],{"id":1938,"title":1939,"body":1940,"description":3524,"extension":1930,"meta":3525,"navigation":421,"path":3526,"seo":3527,"stem":3528,"__hash__":3529},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":1941,"toc":3496},[1942,1945,1952,1955,1966,1969,1973,2037,2039,2059,2064,2068,2073,2076,2091,2094,2119,2122,2124,2126,2142,2145,2171,2173,2231,2233,2248,2258,2269,2273,2276,2329,2331,2351,2354,2378,2385,2389,2394,2400,2402,2437,2439,2448,2453,2471,2474,2486,2490,2495,2499,2502,2523,2525,2583,2585,2593,2596,2600,2632,2634,2642,2645,2649,2654,2702,2704,2712,2716,2776,2778,2786,2789,2791,2795,2798,2821,2830,2845,2896,2898,2913,2924,2928,2931,2959,2966,2970,2975,3016,3018,3029,3032,3075,3077,3085,3089,3094,3116,3118,3127,3136,3140,3145,3167,3169,3239,3241,3293,3296,3299,3302,3382,3384,3415,3417,3421,3424,3428,3431,3435,3438,3442,3454,3458,3461,3463,3493],[10,1943,1939],{"id":1944},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,1946,1947,1948,1951],{},"The ",[15,1949,1950],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,1953,1954],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[30,1956,1957,1960,1963],{},[33,1958,1959],{},"a number without its negative sign",[33,1961,1962],{},"the distance between two numbers",[33,1964,1965],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,1967,1968],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[46,1970,1972],{"id":1971},"quick-example","Quick example",[51,1974,1976],{"className":53,"code":1975,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,1977,1978,1997,2012],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1979,1980,1982,1984,1987,1989,1992,1995],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1981,135],{"class":134},[60,1983,122],{"class":74},[60,1985,1986],{"class":134},"abs",[60,1988,122],{"class":74},[60,1990,1991],{"class":70},"-",[60,1993,1994],{"class":78},"7",[60,1996,315],{"class":74},[60,1998,1999,2001,2003,2005,2007,2010],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,2000,135],{"class":134},[60,2002,122],{"class":74},[60,2004,1986],{"class":134},[60,2006,122],{"class":74},[60,2008,2009],{"class":78},"3.5",[60,2011,315],{"class":74},[60,2013,2014,2016,2018,2020,2022,2024,2026,2029,2031,2035],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,2015,135],{"class":134},[60,2017,122],{"class":74},[60,2019,1986],{"class":134},[60,2021,122],{"class":74},[60,2023,1991],{"class":70},[60,2025,125],{"class":78},[60,2027,2028],{"class":70},"+",[60,2030,189],{"class":78},[60,2032,2034],{"class":2033},"sbsja","j",[60,2036,315],{"class":74},[20,2038,318],{},[51,2040,2042],{"className":53,"code":2041,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,2043,2044,2049,2054],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2045,2046],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2047,2048],{"class":78},"7\n",[60,2050,2051],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,2052,2053],{"class":78},"3.5\n",[60,2055,2056],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,2057,2058],{"class":78},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,2060,150,2061,2063],{},[15,2062,1950],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[46,2065,2067],{"id":2066},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,2069,2070,2072],{},[15,2071,1950],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2074,2075],{},"That means:",[30,2077,2078,2081,2084],{},[33,2079,2080],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[33,2082,2083],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[33,2085,2086,2088,2089],{},[15,2087,195],{}," stays ",[15,2090,195],{},[20,2092,2093],{},"Examples:",[30,2095,2096,2104,2112],{},[33,2097,2098,2101,2102],{},[15,2099,2100],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,2103,1086],{},[33,2105,2106,2101,2109],{},[15,2107,2108],{},"abs(9)",[15,2110,2111],{},"9",[33,2113,2114,2101,2117],{},[15,2115,2116],{},"abs(0)",[15,2118,195],{},[20,2120,2121],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[46,2123,199],{"id":198},[20,2125,202],{},[51,2127,2129],{"className":53,"code":2128,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"abs(x)\n",[15,2130,2131],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2132,2133,2135,2137,2140],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2134,1986],{"class":134},[60,2136,122],{"class":74},[60,2138,2139],{"class":118},"x",[60,2141,128],{"class":74},[20,2143,2144],{},"Here:",[30,2146,2147,2163,2168],{},[33,2148,2149,2151,2152,2154,2155,2158,2159,2162],{},[15,2150,2139],{}," is usually an ",[15,2153,345],{},", ",[15,2156,2157],{},"float",", or ",[15,2160,2161],{},"complex"," number",[33,2164,2165,2167],{},[15,2166,1950],{}," returns a new value",[33,2169,2170],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,2172,238],{},[51,2174,2176],{"className":53,"code":2175,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,2177,2178,2191,2207,2211,2221],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2179,2180,2183,2185,2188],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2181,2182],{"class":66},"number ",[60,2184,71],{"class":70},[60,2186,2187],{"class":70}," -",[60,2189,2190],{"class":78},"12\n",[60,2192,2193,2195,2197,2200,2202,2205],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,2194,107],{"class":66},[60,2196,71],{"class":70},[60,2198,2199],{"class":134}," abs",[60,2201,122],{"class":74},[60,2203,2204],{"class":118},"number",[60,2206,128],{"class":74},[60,2208,2209],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,2210,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,2212,2213,2215,2217,2219],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,2214,135],{"class":134},[60,2216,122],{"class":74},[60,2218,2204],{"class":118},[60,2220,128],{"class":74},[60,2222,2223,2225,2227,2229],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,2224,135],{"class":134},[60,2226,122],{"class":74},[60,2228,140],{"class":118},[60,2230,128],{"class":74},[20,2232,318],{},[51,2234,2236],{"className":53,"code":2235,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"-12\n12\n",[15,2237,2238,2244],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2239,2240,2242],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2241,1991],{"class":70},[60,2243,2190],{"class":78},[60,2245,2246],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,2247,2190],{"class":78},[20,2249,2250,2251,2253,2254,2257],{},"Notice that ",[15,2252,2204],{}," is still ",[15,2255,2256],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,2259,2260,2261,2268],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[260,2262,2264,2267],{"href":2263},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,2265,2266],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[46,2270,2272],{"id":2271},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,2274,2275],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[51,2277,2279],{"className":53,"code":2278,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,2280,2281,2297,2312],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2282,2283,2285,2287,2289,2291,2293,2295],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2284,135],{"class":134},[60,2286,122],{"class":74},[60,2288,1986],{"class":134},[60,2290,122],{"class":74},[60,2292,1991],{"class":70},[60,2294,873],{"class":78},[60,2296,315],{"class":74},[60,2298,2299,2301,2303,2305,2307,2310],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,2300,135],{"class":134},[60,2302,122],{"class":74},[60,2304,1986],{"class":134},[60,2306,122],{"class":74},[60,2308,2309],{"class":78},"8",[60,2311,315],{"class":74},[60,2313,2314,2316,2318,2320,2322,2324,2327],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,2315,135],{"class":134},[60,2317,122],{"class":74},[60,2319,1986],{"class":134},[60,2321,122],{"class":74},[60,2323,1991],{"class":70},[60,2325,2326],{"class":78},"4.2",[60,2328,315],{"class":74},[20,2330,318],{},[51,2332,2334],{"className":53,"code":2333,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,2335,2336,2341,2346],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2337,2338],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2339,2340],{"class":78},"10\n",[60,2342,2343],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,2344,2345],{"class":78},"8\n",[60,2347,2348],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,2349,2350],{"class":78},"4.2\n",[20,2352,2353],{},"What each line does:",[30,2355,2356,2364,2371],{},[33,2357,2358,2361,2362],{},[15,2359,2360],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[15,2363,873],{},[33,2365,2366,2361,2369],{},[15,2367,2368],{},"abs(8)",[15,2370,2309],{},[33,2372,2373,2361,2376],{},[15,2374,2375],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,2377,2326],{},[20,2379,2380,2381,115],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[260,2382,2384],{"href":2383},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[46,2386,2388],{"id":2387},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,2390,2391,2393],{},[15,2392,1950],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,2395,2396,2397,2399],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,2398,195],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,2401,238],{},[51,2403,2405],{"className":53,"code":2404,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,2406,2407,2423],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2408,2409,2411,2413,2415,2418,2420],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2410,1690],{"class":66},[60,2412,71],{"class":70},[60,2414,94],{"class":78},[60,2416,2417],{"class":70}," +",[60,2419,800],{"class":78},[60,2421,2422],{"class":2033},"j\n",[60,2424,2425,2427,2429,2431,2433,2435],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,2426,135],{"class":134},[60,2428,122],{"class":74},[60,2430,1986],{"class":134},[60,2432,122],{"class":74},[60,2434,221],{"class":118},[60,2436,315],{"class":74},[20,2438,318],{},[51,2440,2442],{"className":53,"code":2441,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"5.0\n",[15,2443,2444],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2445,2446],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2447,2441],{"class":78},[20,2449,1432,2450,1435],{},[15,2451,2452],{},"5.0",[30,2454,2455,2460,2466],{},[33,2456,2457,2458],{},"the real part is ",[15,2459,189],{},[33,2461,2462,2463],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,2464,2465],{},"4",[33,2467,2468,2469],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,2470,2452],{},[20,2472,2473],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[30,2475,2476,2483],{},[33,2477,2478,2480,2481],{},[15,2479,1950],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,2482,2157],{},[33,2484,2485],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[46,2487,2489],{"id":2488},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,2491,2492,2493,115],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,2494,1950],{},[553,2496,2498],{"id":2497},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,2500,2501],{},"A very common pattern is:",[51,2503,2505],{"className":53,"code":2504,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,2506,2507],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2508,2509,2511,2513,2516,2518,2521],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2510,1986],{"class":134},[60,2512,122],{"class":74},[60,2514,2515],{"class":118},"a ",[60,2517,1991],{"class":70},[60,2519,2520],{"class":118}," b",[60,2522,128],{"class":74},[20,2524,238],{},[51,2526,2528],{"className":53,"code":2527,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,2529,2530,2539,2549,2553,2572],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2531,2532,2534,2536],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2533,2515],{"class":66},[60,2535,71],{"class":70},[60,2537,2538],{"class":78}," 3\n",[60,2540,2541,2544,2546],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,2542,2543],{"class":66},"b ",[60,2545,71],{"class":70},[60,2547,2548],{"class":78}," 10\n",[60,2550,2551],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,2552,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,2554,2555,2558,2560,2562,2564,2566,2568,2570],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,2556,2557],{"class":66},"distance ",[60,2559,71],{"class":70},[60,2561,2199],{"class":134},[60,2563,122],{"class":74},[60,2565,2515],{"class":118},[60,2567,1991],{"class":70},[60,2569,2520],{"class":118},[60,2571,128],{"class":74},[60,2573,2574,2576,2578,2581],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,2575,135],{"class":134},[60,2577,122],{"class":74},[60,2579,2580],{"class":118},"distance",[60,2582,128],{"class":74},[20,2584,318],{},[51,2586,2587],{"className":53,"code":2048,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,2588,2589],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2590,2591],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2592,2048],{"class":78},[20,2594,2595],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[553,2597,2599],{"id":2598},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[51,2601,2603],{"className":53,"code":2602,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,2604,2605,2617],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2606,2607,2610,2612,2614],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2608,2609],{"class":66},"temperature_change ",[60,2611,71],{"class":70},[60,2613,2187],{"class":70},[60,2615,2616],{"class":78},"6\n",[60,2618,2619,2621,2623,2625,2627,2630],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,2620,135],{"class":134},[60,2622,122],{"class":74},[60,2624,1986],{"class":134},[60,2626,122],{"class":74},[60,2628,2629],{"class":118},"temperature_change",[60,2631,315],{"class":74},[20,2633,318],{},[51,2635,2636],{"className":53,"code":2616,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,2637,2638],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2639,2640],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2641,2616],{"class":78},[20,2643,2644],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[553,2646,2648],{"id":2647},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,2650,2651,2652,2268],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,2653,1950],{},[51,2655,2657],{"className":53,"code":2656,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,2658,2659,2671,2687,2691],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2660,2661,2664,2666,2668],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2662,2663],{"class":66},"balance_change ",[60,2665,71],{"class":70},[60,2667,2187],{"class":70},[60,2669,2670],{"class":78},"25\n",[60,2672,2673,2676,2678,2680,2682,2685],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,2674,2675],{"class":66},"safe_value ",[60,2677,71],{"class":70},[60,2679,2199],{"class":134},[60,2681,122],{"class":74},[60,2683,2684],{"class":118},"balance_change",[60,2686,128],{"class":74},[60,2688,2689],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,2690,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,2692,2693,2695,2697,2700],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,2694,135],{"class":134},[60,2696,122],{"class":74},[60,2698,2699],{"class":118},"safe_value",[60,2701,128],{"class":74},[20,2703,318],{},[51,2705,2706],{"className":53,"code":2670,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,2707,2708],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2709,2710],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2711,2670],{"class":78},[553,2713,2715],{"id":2714},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[51,2717,2719],{"className":53,"code":2718,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,2720,2721,2731,2741,2745,2765],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2722,2723,2726,2728],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2724,2725],{"class":66},"guess ",[60,2727,71],{"class":70},[60,2729,2730],{"class":78}," 42\n",[60,2732,2733,2736,2738],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,2734,2735],{"class":66},"target ",[60,2737,71],{"class":70},[60,2739,2740],{"class":78}," 50\n",[60,2742,2743],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,2744,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,2746,2747,2750,2752,2754,2756,2758,2760,2763],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,2748,2749],{"class":66},"difference ",[60,2751,71],{"class":70},[60,2753,2199],{"class":134},[60,2755,122],{"class":74},[60,2757,2725],{"class":118},[60,2759,1991],{"class":70},[60,2761,2762],{"class":118}," target",[60,2764,128],{"class":74},[60,2766,2767,2769,2771,2774],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,2768,135],{"class":134},[60,2770,122],{"class":74},[60,2772,2773],{"class":118},"difference",[60,2775,128],{"class":74},[20,2777,318],{},[51,2779,2780],{"className":53,"code":2345,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,2781,2782],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2783,2784],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2785,2345],{"class":78},[20,2787,2788],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[46,2790,1351],{"id":1350},[553,2792,2794],{"id":2793},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,2796,2797],{},"This causes an error:",[51,2799,2801],{"className":53,"code":2800,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,2802,2803],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2804,2805,2807,2809,2811,2813,2815,2817,2819],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2806,135],{"class":134},[60,2808,122],{"class":74},[60,2810,1986],{"class":134},[60,2812,122],{"class":74},[60,2814,256],{"class":255},[60,2816,1086],{"class":259},[60,2818,256],{"class":255},[60,2820,315],{"class":74},[20,2822,2823,2826,2827,2829],{},[15,2824,2825],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,2828,1950],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,2831,2832,2833,1460,2839,166],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[260,2834,2836],{"href":2835},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,2837,2838],{},"int()",[260,2840,2842],{"href":2841},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,2843,2844],{},"float()",[51,2846,2848],{"className":53,"code":2847,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,2849,2850,2873],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2851,2852,2854,2856,2858,2860,2862,2864,2866,2868,2870],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2853,135],{"class":134},[60,2855,122],{"class":74},[60,2857,1986],{"class":134},[60,2859,122],{"class":74},[60,2861,345],{"class":1656},[60,2863,122],{"class":74},[60,2865,256],{"class":255},[60,2867,1086],{"class":259},[60,2869,256],{"class":255},[60,2871,2872],{"class":74},")))\n",[60,2874,2875,2877,2879,2881,2883,2885,2887,2889,2892,2894],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,2876,135],{"class":134},[60,2878,122],{"class":74},[60,2880,1986],{"class":134},[60,2882,122],{"class":74},[60,2884,2157],{"class":1656},[60,2886,122],{"class":74},[60,2888,256],{"class":255},[60,2890,2891],{"class":259},"-3.2",[60,2893,256],{"class":255},[60,2895,2872],{"class":74},[20,2897,318],{},[51,2899,2901],{"className":53,"code":2900,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"5\n3.2\n",[15,2902,2903,2908],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2904,2905],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2906,2907],{"class":78},"5\n",[60,2909,2910],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,2911,2912],{"class":78},"3.2\n",[20,2914,2915,2916,2919,2920,115],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,2917,2918],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[260,2921,2923],{"href":2922},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[553,2925,2927],{"id":2926},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,2929,2930],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[51,2932,2934],{"className":53,"code":2933,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,2935,2936],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2937,2938,2940,2942,2944,2946,2948,2950,2952,2954,2956],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2939,135],{"class":134},[60,2941,122],{"class":74},[60,2943,1986],{"class":134},[60,2945,835],{"class":74},[60,2947,79],{"class":78},[60,2949,82],{"class":74},[60,2951,85],{"class":78},[60,2953,82],{"class":74},[60,2955,94],{"class":78},[60,2957,2958],{"class":74},"]))\n",[20,2960,2961,2962,2965],{},"This raises a ",[15,2963,2964],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[553,2967,2969],{"id":2968},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,2971,2972,2974],{},[15,2973,1950],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[51,2976,2978],{"className":53,"code":2977,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2979,2980,2992,3002,3006],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2981,2982,2985,2987,2989],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2983,2984],{"class":66},"x ",[60,2986,71],{"class":70},[60,2988,2187],{"class":70},[60,2990,2991],{"class":78},"9\n",[60,2993,2994,2996,2998,3000],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,2995,1986],{"class":134},[60,2997,122],{"class":74},[60,2999,2139],{"class":118},[60,3001,128],{"class":74},[60,3003,3004],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,3005,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,3007,3008,3010,3012,3014],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,3009,135],{"class":134},[60,3011,122],{"class":74},[60,3013,2139],{"class":118},[60,3015,128],{"class":74},[20,3017,318],{},[51,3019,3021],{"className":53,"code":3020,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"-9\n",[15,3022,3023],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,3024,3025,3027],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,3026,1991],{"class":70},[60,3028,2991],{"class":78},[20,3030,3031],{},"If you want to store the result:",[51,3033,3035],{"className":53,"code":3034,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3036,3037,3047,3061,3065],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,3038,3039,3041,3043,3045],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,3040,2984],{"class":66},[60,3042,71],{"class":70},[60,3044,2187],{"class":70},[60,3046,2991],{"class":78},[60,3048,3049,3051,3053,3055,3057,3059],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,3050,2984],{"class":66},[60,3052,71],{"class":70},[60,3054,2199],{"class":134},[60,3056,122],{"class":74},[60,3058,2139],{"class":118},[60,3060,128],{"class":74},[60,3062,3063],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,3064,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,3066,3067,3069,3071,3073],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,3068,135],{"class":134},[60,3070,122],{"class":74},[60,3072,2139],{"class":118},[60,3074,128],{"class":74},[20,3076,318],{},[51,3078,3079],{"className":53,"code":2991,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,3080,3081],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,3082,3083],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,3084,2991],{"class":78},[553,3086,3088],{"id":3087},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,3090,3091,3093],{},[15,3092,1950],{}," does not round numbers.",[51,3095,3097],{"className":53,"code":3096,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,3098,3099],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,3100,3101,3103,3105,3107,3109,3111,3114],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,3102,135],{"class":134},[60,3104,122],{"class":74},[60,3106,1986],{"class":134},[60,3108,122],{"class":74},[60,3110,1991],{"class":70},[60,3112,3113],{"class":78},"4.7",[60,3115,315],{"class":74},[20,3117,318],{},[51,3119,3121],{"className":53,"code":3120,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"4.7\n",[15,3122,3123],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,3124,3125],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,3126,3120],{"class":78},[20,3128,3129,3130,3132,3133,3135],{},"If you expected ",[15,3131,1086],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,3134,1950],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[46,3137,3139],{"id":3138},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,3141,3142,3144],{},[15,3143,1950],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[30,3146,3147,3154,3161],{},[33,3148,3149,3151,3152],{},[15,3150,345],{}," input → returns an ",[15,3153,345],{},[33,3155,3156,3158,3159],{},[15,3157,2157],{}," input → returns a ",[15,3160,2157],{},[33,3162,3163,3158,3165],{},[15,3164,2161],{},[15,3166,2157],{},[20,3168,238],{},[51,3170,3172],{"className":53,"code":3171,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,3173,3174,3194,3215],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,3175,3176,3178,3180,3182,3184,3186,3188,3190,3192],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,3177,135],{"class":134},[60,3179,122],{"class":74},[60,3181,1657],{"class":1656},[60,3183,122],{"class":74},[60,3185,1986],{"class":134},[60,3187,122],{"class":74},[60,3189,1991],{"class":70},[60,3191,1086],{"class":78},[60,3193,2872],{"class":74},[60,3195,3196,3198,3200,3202,3204,3206,3208,3210,3213],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,3197,135],{"class":134},[60,3199,122],{"class":74},[60,3201,1657],{"class":1656},[60,3203,122],{"class":74},[60,3205,1986],{"class":134},[60,3207,122],{"class":74},[60,3209,1991],{"class":70},[60,3211,3212],{"class":78},"3.2",[60,3214,2872],{"class":74},[60,3216,3217,3219,3221,3223,3225,3227,3229,3231,3233,3235,3237],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,3218,135],{"class":134},[60,3220,122],{"class":74},[60,3222,1657],{"class":1656},[60,3224,122],{"class":74},[60,3226,1986],{"class":134},[60,3228,122],{"class":74},[60,3230,189],{"class":78},[60,3232,2417],{"class":70},[60,3234,800],{"class":78},[60,3236,2034],{"class":2033},[60,3238,2872],{"class":74},[20,3240,318],{},[51,3242,3244],{"className":53,"code":3243,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,3245,3246,3265,3279],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,3247,3248,3251,3254,3257,3259,3262],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,3249,3250],{"class":70},"\u003C",[60,3252,3253],{"class":2033},"class",[60,3255,3256],{"class":255}," '",[60,3258,345],{"class":259},[60,3260,3261],{"class":255},"'",[60,3263,3264],{"class":70},">\n",[60,3266,3267,3269,3271,3273,3275,3277],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,3268,3250],{"class":70},[60,3270,3253],{"class":2033},[60,3272,3256],{"class":255},[60,3274,2157],{"class":259},[60,3276,3261],{"class":255},[60,3278,3264],{"class":70},[60,3280,3281,3283,3285,3287,3289,3291],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,3282,3250],{"class":70},[60,3284,3253],{"class":2033},[60,3286,3256],{"class":255},[60,3288,2157],{"class":259},[60,3290,3261],{"class":255},[60,3292,3264],{"class":70},[20,3294,3295],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,3297,3298],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,3300,3301],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[51,3303,3305],{"className":53,"code":3304,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,3306,3307,3321,3331,3345,3349,3363],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,3308,3309,3311,3313,3315,3318],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,3310,1690],{"class":66},[60,3312,71],{"class":70},[60,3314,267],{"class":255},[60,3316,3317],{"class":259},"-5",[60,3319,3320],{"class":255},"\"\n",[60,3322,3323,3325,3327,3329],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,3324,135],{"class":134},[60,3326,122],{"class":74},[60,3328,221],{"class":118},[60,3330,128],{"class":74},[60,3332,3333,3335,3337,3339,3341,3343],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,3334,135],{"class":134},[60,3336,122],{"class":74},[60,3338,1657],{"class":1656},[60,3340,122],{"class":74},[60,3342,221],{"class":118},[60,3344,315],{"class":74},[60,3346,3347],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,3348,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,3350,3351,3354,3356,3358,3361],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,3352,3353],{"class":66},"user_input ",[60,3355,71],{"class":70},[60,3357,267],{"class":255},[60,3359,3360],{"class":259},"-3.7",[60,3362,3320],{"class":255},[60,3364,3365,3367,3369,3371,3373,3375,3377,3380],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,3366,135],{"class":134},[60,3368,122],{"class":74},[60,3370,1986],{"class":134},[60,3372,122],{"class":74},[60,3374,2157],{"class":1656},[60,3376,122],{"class":74},[60,3378,3379],{"class":118},"user_input",[60,3381,2872],{"class":74},[20,3383,318],{},[51,3385,3387],{"className":53,"code":3386,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,3388,3389,3395,3410],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,3390,3391,3393],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,3392,1991],{"class":70},[60,3394,2907],{"class":78},[60,3396,3397,3399,3401,3403,3406,3408],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,3398,3250],{"class":70},[60,3400,3253],{"class":2033},[60,3402,3256],{"class":255},[60,3404,3405],{"class":259},"str",[60,3407,3261],{"class":255},[60,3409,3264],{"class":70},[60,3411,3412],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,3413,3414],{"class":78},"3.7\n",[46,3416,1773],{"id":1772},[553,3418,3420],{"id":3419},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,3422,3423],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[553,3425,3427],{"id":3426},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,3429,3430],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[553,3432,3434],{"id":3433},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,3436,3437],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[553,3439,3441],{"id":3440},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,3443,3444,3446,3447,1460,3449,3451,3452,115],{},[15,3445,2918],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,3448,2838],{},[15,3450,2844],{}," before using ",[15,3453,1950],{},[553,3455,3457],{"id":3456},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,3459,3460],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[46,3462,1842],{"id":1841},[30,3464,3465,3472,3478,3484,3489],{},[33,3466,3467],{},[260,3468,3469,3471],{"href":2835},[15,3470,2838],{}," function explained",[33,3473,3474],{},[260,3475,3476,3471],{"href":2841},[15,3477,2844],{},[33,3479,3480],{},[260,3481,3482,3471],{"href":2263},[15,3483,2266],{},[33,3485,3486],{},[260,3487,3488],{"href":2922},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[33,3490,3491],{},[260,3492,2384],{"href":2383},[1885,3494,3495],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":3497},[3498,3499,3500,3501,3502,3503,3509,3515,3516,3523],{"id":1971,"depth":104,"text":1972},{"id":2066,"depth":104,"text":2067},{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199},{"id":2271,"depth":104,"text":2272},{"id":2387,"depth":104,"text":2388},{"id":2488,"depth":104,"text":2489,"children":3504},[3505,3506,3507,3508],{"id":2497,"depth":131,"text":2498},{"id":2598,"depth":131,"text":2599},{"id":2647,"depth":131,"text":2648},{"id":2714,"depth":131,"text":2715},{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351,"children":3510},[3511,3512,3513,3514],{"id":2793,"depth":131,"text":2794},{"id":2926,"depth":131,"text":2927},{"id":2968,"depth":131,"text":2969},{"id":3087,"depth":131,"text":3088},{"id":3138,"depth":104,"text":3139},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":3517},[3518,3519,3520,3521,3522],{"id":3419,"depth":131,"text":3420},{"id":3426,"depth":131,"text":3427},{"id":3433,"depth":131,"text":3434},{"id":3440,"depth":131,"text":3441},{"id":3456,"depth":131,"text":3457},{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":1939,"description":3524},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3531,"title":3532,"body":3533,"description":5218,"extension":1930,"meta":5219,"navigation":421,"path":5220,"seo":5221,"stem":5222,"__hash__":5223},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3534,"toc":5182},[3535,3542,3548,3551,3567,3569,3621,3630,3635,3639,3658,3661,3678,3681,3685,3693,3711,3714,3754,3757,3764,3770,3843,3845,3876,3882,3886,3890,3929,3931,3940,3947,3951,3990,3992,4001,4011,4015,4067,4069,4077,4080,4083,4130,4132,4140,4146,4153,4158,4161,4164,4230,4232,4240,4243,4310,4312,4320,4334,4337,4348,4352,4358,4360,4362,4378,4380,4388,4391,4394,4397,4414,4417,4420,4450,4452,4465,4469,4473,4476,4491,4496,4499,4526,4533,4536,4576,4583,4589,4597,4600,4652,4659,4722,4727,4736,4739,4757,4763,4766,4908,4913,4918,4921,4932,4935,4989,4991,4999,5002,5061,5063,5071,5074,5085,5087,5094,5103,5111,5114,5120,5123,5132,5145,5147,5179],[10,3536,1875,3538,3541],{"id":3537},"python-all-function-explained",[15,3539,3540],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[20,3543,3544,3545,3547],{},"Python’s ",[15,3546,3540],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,3549,3550],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[30,3552,3553,3556,3559],{},[33,3554,3555],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[33,3557,3558],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[33,3560,3561,2361,3564,3566],{},[15,3562,3563],{},"all([])",[15,3565,547],{},", which often seems strange at first",[46,3568,49],{"id":48},[51,3570,3572],{"className":53,"code":3571,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,3573,3574,3594,3609],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,3575,3576,3578,3580,3582,3584,3586,3588,3590,3592],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,3577,67],{"class":66},[60,3579,71],{"class":70},[60,3581,75],{"class":74},[60,3583,79],{"class":78},[60,3585,82],{"class":74},[60,3587,85],{"class":78},[60,3589,82],{"class":74},[60,3591,94],{"class":78},[60,3593,101],{"class":74},[60,3595,3596,3598,3600,3603,3605,3607],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,3597,107],{"class":66},[60,3599,71],{"class":70},[60,3601,3602],{"class":134}," all",[60,3604,122],{"class":74},[60,3606,1506],{"class":118},[60,3608,128],{"class":74},[60,3610,3611,3613,3615,3617,3619],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,3612,135],{"class":134},[60,3614,122],{"class":74},[60,3616,140],{"class":118},[60,3618,143],{"class":74},[60,3620,1545],{"class":146},[20,3622,3623,2361,3625,3627,3628,115],{},[15,3624,3540],{},[15,3626,547],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,3629,1463],{},[46,3631,158,3633,161],{"id":3632},"what-all-does",[15,3634,3540],{},[20,3636,3637,166],{},[15,3638,3540],{},[30,3640,3641,3644,3650,3655],{},[33,3642,3643],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[33,3645,3646,3647,3649],{},"returns ",[15,3648,547],{}," if all items are truthy",[33,3651,3646,3652,3654],{},[15,3653,1463],{}," if any item is falsy",[33,3656,3657],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,3659,3660],{},"Basic syntax:",[51,3662,3664],{"className":53,"code":3663,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"all(iterable)\n",[15,3665,3666],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,3667,3668,3671,3673,3676],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,3669,3670],{"class":134},"all",[60,3672,122],{"class":74},[60,3674,3675],{"class":118},"iterable",[60,3677,128],{"class":74},[20,3679,3680],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[46,3682,3684],{"id":3683},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,3686,3687,3688,1460,3690,3692],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,3689,547],{},[15,3691,1463],{}," in conditions.",[30,3694,3695,3704],{},[33,3696,3697,3701,3702],{},[3698,3699,3700],"strong",{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,3703,547],{},[33,3705,3706,3701,3709],{},[3698,3707,3708],{},"Falsy",[15,3710,1463],{},[20,3712,3713],{},"Common falsy values include:",[30,3715,3716,3720,3725,3730,3735,3739,3744,3749],{},[33,3717,3718],{},[15,3719,195],{},[33,3721,3722],{},[15,3723,3724],{},"0.0",[33,3726,3727],{},[15,3728,3729],{},"''",[33,3731,3732],{},[15,3733,3734],{},"None",[33,3736,3737],{},[15,3738,1463],{},[33,3740,3741],{},[15,3742,3743],{},"[]",[33,3745,3746],{},[15,3747,3748],{},"{}",[33,3750,3751],{},[15,3752,3753],{},"set()",[20,3755,3756],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,3758,3759,3760,115],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[260,3761,3763],{"href":3762},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,3765,3766,3767,166],{},"You can test this with ",[15,3768,3769],{},"bool()",[51,3771,3773],{"className":53,"code":3772,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,3774,3775,3811,3815],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,3776,3777,3779,3781,3783,3785,3787,3790,3792,3795,3797,3799,3802,3804,3806,3809],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,3778,674],{"class":66},[60,3780,71],{"class":70},[60,3782,75],{"class":74},[60,3784,79],{"class":78},[60,3786,82],{"class":74},[60,3788,3789],{"class":78}," 0",[60,3791,82],{"class":74},[60,3793,3794],{"class":255}," ''",[60,3796,82],{"class":74},[60,3798,3256],{"class":255},[60,3800,3801],{"class":259},"hello",[60,3803,3261],{"class":255},[60,3805,82],{"class":74},[60,3807,3808],{"class":685}," None",[60,3810,101],{"class":74},[60,3812,3813],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,3814,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,3816,3817,3819,3821,3824,3826,3828,3830,3833,3836,3838,3841],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,3818,135],{"class":134},[60,3820,835],{"class":74},[60,3822,3823],{"class":1656},"bool",[60,3825,122],{"class":74},[60,3827,2139],{"class":118},[60,3829,143],{"class":74},[60,3831,3832],{"class":1537}," for",[60,3834,3835],{"class":118}," x ",[60,3837,511],{"class":1537},[60,3839,3840],{"class":118}," values",[60,3842,1193],{"class":74},[20,3844,318],{},[51,3846,3848],{"className":53,"code":3847,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,3849,3850],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,3851,3852,3855,3857,3859,3862,3864,3866,3868,3870,3872,3874],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,3853,3854],{"class":74},"[",[60,3856,547],{"class":685},[60,3858,82],{"class":74},[60,3860,3861],{"class":685}," False",[60,3863,82],{"class":74},[60,3865,3861],{"class":685},[60,3867,82],{"class":74},[60,3869,686],{"class":685},[60,3871,82],{"class":74},[60,3873,3861],{"class":685},[60,3875,101],{"class":74},[20,3877,3878,3879,3881],{},"This matters because ",[15,3880,3540],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[46,3883,3885],{"id":3884},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[553,3887,3889],{"id":3888},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[51,3891,3893],{"className":53,"code":3892,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3894,3895,3915],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,3896,3897,3899,3901,3903,3905,3907,3909,3911,3913],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,3898,67],{"class":66},[60,3900,71],{"class":70},[60,3902,75],{"class":74},[60,3904,79],{"class":78},[60,3906,82],{"class":74},[60,3908,85],{"class":78},[60,3910,82],{"class":74},[60,3912,94],{"class":78},[60,3914,101],{"class":74},[60,3916,3917,3919,3921,3923,3925,3927],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,3918,135],{"class":134},[60,3920,122],{"class":74},[60,3922,3670],{"class":134},[60,3924,122],{"class":74},[60,3926,1506],{"class":118},[60,3928,315],{"class":74},[20,3930,318],{},[51,3932,3934],{"className":53,"code":3933,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"True\n",[15,3935,3936],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,3937,3938],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,3939,3933],{"class":685},[20,3941,3942,3943,2361,3945,115],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,3944,3540],{},[15,3946,547],{},[553,3948,3950],{"id":3949},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[51,3952,3954],{"className":53,"code":3953,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3955,3956,3976],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,3957,3958,3960,3962,3964,3966,3968,3970,3972,3974],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,3959,67],{"class":66},[60,3961,71],{"class":70},[60,3963,75],{"class":74},[60,3965,79],{"class":78},[60,3967,82],{"class":74},[60,3969,3789],{"class":78},[60,3971,82],{"class":74},[60,3973,94],{"class":78},[60,3975,101],{"class":74},[60,3977,3978,3980,3982,3984,3986,3988],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,3979,135],{"class":134},[60,3981,122],{"class":74},[60,3983,3670],{"class":134},[60,3985,122],{"class":74},[60,3987,1506],{"class":118},[60,3989,315],{"class":74},[20,3991,318],{},[51,3993,3995],{"className":53,"code":3994,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"False\n",[15,3996,3997],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,3998,3999],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4000,3994],{"class":685},[20,4002,4003,4004,4006,4007,2361,4009,115],{},"The value ",[15,4005,195],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,4008,3540],{},[15,4010,1463],{},[553,4012,4014],{"id":4013},"example-strings","Example: strings",[51,4016,4018],{"className":53,"code":4017,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4019,4020,4053],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4021,4022,4024,4026,4028,4030,4032,4034,4036,4038,4040,4042,4044,4046,4049,4051],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4023,566],{"class":66},[60,4025,71],{"class":70},[60,4027,75],{"class":74},[60,4029,3261],{"class":255},[60,4031,575],{"class":259},[60,4033,3261],{"class":255},[60,4035,82],{"class":74},[60,4037,3256],{"class":255},[60,4039,1392],{"class":259},[60,4041,3261],{"class":255},[60,4043,82],{"class":74},[60,4045,3256],{"class":255},[60,4047,4048],{"class":259},"cherry",[60,4050,3261],{"class":255},[60,4052,101],{"class":74},[60,4054,4055,4057,4059,4061,4063,4065],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,4056,135],{"class":134},[60,4058,122],{"class":74},[60,4060,3670],{"class":134},[60,4062,122],{"class":74},[60,4064,605],{"class":118},[60,4066,315],{"class":74},[20,4068,318],{},[51,4070,4071],{"className":53,"code":3933,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,4072,4073],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4074,4075],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4076,3933],{"class":685},[20,4078,4079],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,4081,4082],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[51,4084,4086],{"className":53,"code":4085,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4087,4088,4116],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4089,4090,4092,4094,4096,4098,4100,4102,4104,4106,4108,4110,4112,4114],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4091,566],{"class":66},[60,4093,71],{"class":70},[60,4095,75],{"class":74},[60,4097,3261],{"class":255},[60,4099,575],{"class":259},[60,4101,3261],{"class":255},[60,4103,82],{"class":74},[60,4105,3794],{"class":255},[60,4107,82],{"class":74},[60,4109,3256],{"class":255},[60,4111,4048],{"class":259},[60,4113,3261],{"class":255},[60,4115,101],{"class":74},[60,4117,4118,4120,4122,4124,4126,4128],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,4119,135],{"class":134},[60,4121,122],{"class":74},[60,4123,3670],{"class":134},[60,4125,122],{"class":74},[60,4127,605],{"class":118},[60,4129,315],{"class":74},[20,4131,318],{},[51,4133,4134],{"className":53,"code":3994,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,4135,4136],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4137,4138],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4139,3994],{"class":685},[20,4141,4142,4143,4145],{},"The empty string ",[15,4144,3729],{}," is falsy.",[46,4147,4149,4150,4152],{"id":4148},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,4151,3540],{}," works with conditions",[20,4154,4155,4157],{},[15,4156,3540],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,4159,4160],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,4162,4163],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[51,4165,4167],{"className":53,"code":4166,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4168,4169,4189,4216,4220],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4170,4171,4173,4175,4177,4179,4181,4183,4185,4187],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4172,67],{"class":66},[60,4174,71],{"class":70},[60,4176,75],{"class":74},[60,4178,79],{"class":78},[60,4180,82],{"class":74},[60,4182,85],{"class":78},[60,4184,82],{"class":74},[60,4186,94],{"class":78},[60,4188,101],{"class":74},[60,4190,4191,4193,4195,4197,4199,4201,4204,4206,4208,4210,4212,4214],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,4192,107],{"class":66},[60,4194,71],{"class":70},[60,4196,3602],{"class":134},[60,4198,122],{"class":74},[60,4200,2984],{"class":118},[60,4202,4203],{"class":70},">",[60,4205,3789],{"class":78},[60,4207,3832],{"class":1537},[60,4209,3835],{"class":118},[60,4211,511],{"class":1537},[60,4213,112],{"class":118},[60,4215,128],{"class":74},[60,4217,4218],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,4219,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,4221,4222,4224,4226,4228],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,4223,135],{"class":134},[60,4225,122],{"class":74},[60,4227,140],{"class":118},[60,4229,128],{"class":74},[20,4231,318],{},[51,4233,4234],{"className":53,"code":3933,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,4235,4236],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4237,4238],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4239,3933],{"class":685},[20,4241,4242],{},"Here is one that fails:",[51,4244,4246],{"className":53,"code":4245,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4247,4248,4270,4296,4300],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4249,4250,4252,4254,4256,4258,4260,4262,4264,4266,4268],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4251,67],{"class":66},[60,4253,71],{"class":70},[60,4255,75],{"class":74},[60,4257,79],{"class":78},[60,4259,82],{"class":74},[60,4261,2187],{"class":70},[60,4263,125],{"class":78},[60,4265,82],{"class":74},[60,4267,94],{"class":78},[60,4269,101],{"class":74},[60,4271,4272,4274,4276,4278,4280,4282,4284,4286,4288,4290,4292,4294],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,4273,107],{"class":66},[60,4275,71],{"class":70},[60,4277,3602],{"class":134},[60,4279,122],{"class":74},[60,4281,2984],{"class":118},[60,4283,4203],{"class":70},[60,4285,3789],{"class":78},[60,4287,3832],{"class":1537},[60,4289,3835],{"class":118},[60,4291,511],{"class":1537},[60,4293,112],{"class":118},[60,4295,128],{"class":74},[60,4297,4298],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,4299,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,4301,4302,4304,4306,4308],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,4303,135],{"class":134},[60,4305,122],{"class":74},[60,4307,140],{"class":118},[60,4309,128],{"class":74},[20,4311,318],{},[51,4313,4314],{"className":53,"code":3994,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,4315,4316],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4317,4318],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4319,3994],{"class":685},[20,4321,4322,4323,4326,4327,4329,4330,2361,4332,115],{},"The expression ",[15,4324,4325],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,4328,547],{},", then ",[15,4331,3540],{},[15,4333,547],{},[20,4335,4336],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,4338,4339,4340,544,4344,115],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[260,4341,4343],{"href":4342},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[260,4345,4347],{"href":4346},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[46,4349,4351],{"id":4350},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,4353,4354,2361,4356,115],{},[15,4355,3563],{},[15,4357,547],{},[20,4359,742],{},[20,4361,238],{},[51,4363,4365],{"className":53,"code":4364,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(all([]))\n",[15,4366,4367],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4368,4369,4371,4373,4375],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4370,135],{"class":134},[60,4372,122],{"class":74},[60,4374,3670],{"class":134},[60,4376,4377],{"class":74},"([]))\n",[20,4379,318],{},[51,4381,4382],{"className":53,"code":3933,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,4383,4384],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4385,4386],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4387,3933],{"class":685},[20,4389,4390],{},"Why?",[20,4392,4393],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,4395,4396],{},"Think of it this way:",[30,4398,4399,4406,4409],{},[33,4400,4401,2361,4403,4405],{},[15,4402,3540],{},[15,4404,1463],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[33,4407,4408],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[33,4410,4411,4412],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,4413,1463],{},[20,4415,4416],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,4418,4419],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[51,4421,4423],{"className":53,"code":4422,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,4424,4425,4436],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4426,4427,4429,4431,4433],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4428,135],{"class":134},[60,4430,122],{"class":74},[60,4432,3670],{"class":134},[60,4434,4435],{"class":74},"(()))\n",[60,4437,4438,4440,4442,4444,4446,4448],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,4439,135],{"class":134},[60,4441,122],{"class":74},[60,4443,3670],{"class":134},[60,4445,122],{"class":74},[60,4447,3729],{"class":255},[60,4449,315],{"class":74},[20,4451,318],{},[51,4453,4455],{"className":53,"code":4454,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"True\nTrue\n",[15,4456,4457,4461],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4458,4459],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4460,3933],{"class":685},[60,4462,4463],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,4464,3933],{"class":685},[46,4466,4468],{"id":4467},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[553,4470,4472],{"id":4471},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,4474,4475],{},"This is wrong:",[51,4477,4479],{"className":53,"code":4478,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,4480,4481,4486],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4482,4483],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4484,4485],{"class":146},"# Wrong\n",[60,4487,4488],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,4489,4490],{"class":146},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,4492,4493,4495],{},[15,4494,3540],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,4497,4498],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[51,4500,4502],{"className":53,"code":4501,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,4503,4504],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4505,4506,4508,4510,4512,4514,4516,4518,4520,4522,4524],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4507,135],{"class":134},[60,4509,122],{"class":74},[60,4511,3670],{"class":134},[60,4513,835],{"class":74},[60,4515,79],{"class":78},[60,4517,82],{"class":74},[60,4519,85],{"class":78},[60,4521,82],{"class":74},[60,4523,94],{"class":78},[60,4525,2958],{"class":74},[553,4527,4529,4530,4532],{"id":4528},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,4531,3540],{}," compares values automatically",[20,4534,4535],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[51,4537,4539],{"className":53,"code":4538,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4540,4541,4562],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4542,4543,4545,4547,4549,4551,4553,4556,4558,4560],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4544,67],{"class":66},[60,4546,71],{"class":70},[60,4548,75],{"class":74},[60,4550,1086],{"class":78},[60,4552,82],{"class":74},[60,4554,4555],{"class":78}," 5",[60,4557,82],{"class":74},[60,4559,4555],{"class":78},[60,4561,101],{"class":74},[60,4563,4564,4566,4568,4570,4572,4574],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,4565,135],{"class":134},[60,4567,122],{"class":74},[60,4569,3670],{"class":134},[60,4571,122],{"class":74},[60,4573,1506],{"class":118},[60,4575,315],{"class":74},[20,4577,4578,4579,4582],{},"This does ",[3698,4580,4581],{},"not"," check whether all values are equal.",[20,4584,4585,4586,4588],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,4587,1086],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[51,4590,4591],{"className":53,"code":3933,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,4592,4593],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4594,4595],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4596,3933],{"class":685},[20,4598,4599],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[51,4601,4603],{"className":53,"code":4602,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,4604,4605,4625],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4606,4607,4609,4611,4613,4615,4617,4619,4621,4623],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4608,67],{"class":66},[60,4610,71],{"class":70},[60,4612,75],{"class":74},[60,4614,1086],{"class":78},[60,4616,82],{"class":74},[60,4618,4555],{"class":78},[60,4620,82],{"class":74},[60,4622,4555],{"class":78},[60,4624,101],{"class":74},[60,4626,4627,4629,4631,4633,4635,4637,4640,4642,4644,4646,4648,4650],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,4628,135],{"class":134},[60,4630,122],{"class":74},[60,4632,3670],{"class":134},[60,4634,122],{"class":74},[60,4636,2984],{"class":118},[60,4638,4639],{"class":70},"==",[60,4641,4555],{"class":78},[60,4643,3832],{"class":1537},[60,4645,3835],{"class":118},[60,4647,511],{"class":1537},[60,4649,112],{"class":118},[60,4651,315],{"class":74},[553,4653,4655,4656,4658],{"id":4654},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[15,4657,195],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[51,4660,4662],{"className":53,"code":4661,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,4663,4664,4689],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4665,4666,4668,4670,4672,4674,4676,4678,4680,4682,4684,4686],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4667,135],{"class":134},[60,4669,122],{"class":74},[60,4671,3670],{"class":134},[60,4673,835],{"class":74},[60,4675,79],{"class":78},[60,4677,82],{"class":74},[60,4679,85],{"class":78},[60,4681,82],{"class":74},[60,4683,3789],{"class":78},[60,4685,844],{"class":74},[60,4687,4688],{"class":146},"       # False\n",[60,4690,4691,4693,4695,4697,4699,4701,4703,4705,4707,4709,4711,4713,4715,4717,4719],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,4692,135],{"class":134},[60,4694,122],{"class":74},[60,4696,3670],{"class":134},[60,4698,835],{"class":74},[60,4700,3261],{"class":255},[60,4702,260],{"class":259},[60,4704,3261],{"class":255},[60,4706,82],{"class":74},[60,4708,3256],{"class":255},[60,4710,270],{"class":259},[60,4712,3261],{"class":255},[60,4714,82],{"class":74},[60,4716,3794],{"class":255},[60,4718,844],{"class":74},[60,4720,4721],{"class":146},"  # False\n",[20,4723,4724,4725,115],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,4726,1463],{},[553,4728,4730,4731,4733,4734],{"id":4729},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,4732,3563],{}," is ",[15,4735,547],{},[20,4737,4738],{},"This is expected behavior:",[51,4740,4742],{"className":53,"code":4741,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,4743,4744],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4745,4746,4748,4750,4752,4755],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4747,135],{"class":134},[60,4749,122],{"class":74},[60,4751,3670],{"class":134},[60,4753,4754],{"class":74},"([]))",[60,4756,1545],{"class":146},[20,4758,4759,4760,4762],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,4761,547],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,4764,4765],{},"Useful quick tests:",[51,4767,4769],{"className":53,"code":4768,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,4770,4771,4793,4815,4862,4898],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4772,4773,4775,4777,4779,4781,4783,4785,4787,4789,4791],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4774,135],{"class":134},[60,4776,122],{"class":74},[60,4778,3670],{"class":134},[60,4780,835],{"class":74},[60,4782,79],{"class":78},[60,4784,82],{"class":74},[60,4786,85],{"class":78},[60,4788,82],{"class":74},[60,4790,94],{"class":78},[60,4792,2958],{"class":74},[60,4794,4795,4797,4799,4801,4803,4805,4807,4809,4811,4813],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,4796,135],{"class":134},[60,4798,122],{"class":74},[60,4800,3670],{"class":134},[60,4802,835],{"class":74},[60,4804,79],{"class":78},[60,4806,82],{"class":74},[60,4808,3789],{"class":78},[60,4810,82],{"class":74},[60,4812,94],{"class":78},[60,4814,2958],{"class":74},[60,4816,4817,4819,4821,4823,4825,4827,4829,4831,4833,4835,4837,4839,4841,4843,4845,4847,4849,4851,4853,4855,4857,4859],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,4818,135],{"class":134},[60,4820,835],{"class":74},[60,4822,3823],{"class":1656},[60,4824,122],{"class":74},[60,4826,2139],{"class":118},[60,4828,143],{"class":74},[60,4830,3832],{"class":1537},[60,4832,3835],{"class":118},[60,4834,511],{"class":1537},[60,4836,75],{"class":74},[60,4838,79],{"class":78},[60,4840,82],{"class":74},[60,4842,3789],{"class":78},[60,4844,82],{"class":74},[60,4846,3794],{"class":255},[60,4848,82],{"class":74},[60,4850,3256],{"class":255},[60,4852,3801],{"class":259},[60,4854,3261],{"class":255},[60,4856,82],{"class":74},[60,4858,3808],{"class":685},[60,4860,4861],{"class":74},"]])\n",[60,4863,4864,4866,4868,4870,4872,4874,4876,4878,4880,4882,4884,4886,4888,4890,4892,4894,4896],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,4865,135],{"class":134},[60,4867,122],{"class":74},[60,4869,3670],{"class":134},[60,4871,122],{"class":74},[60,4873,2984],{"class":118},[60,4875,4203],{"class":70},[60,4877,3789],{"class":78},[60,4879,3832],{"class":1537},[60,4881,3835],{"class":118},[60,4883,511],{"class":1537},[60,4885,75],{"class":74},[60,4887,79],{"class":78},[60,4889,82],{"class":74},[60,4891,85],{"class":78},[60,4893,82],{"class":74},[60,4895,94],{"class":78},[60,4897,2958],{"class":74},[60,4899,4900,4902,4904,4906],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,4901,135],{"class":134},[60,4903,122],{"class":74},[60,4905,3670],{"class":134},[60,4907,4377],{"class":74},[46,4909,1221,4911],{"id":4910},"when-to-use-all",[15,4912,3540],{},[20,4914,4915,4917],{},[15,4916,3540],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,4919,4920],{},"Common use cases:",[30,4922,4923,4926,4929],{},[33,4924,4925],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[33,4927,4928],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[33,4930,4931],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,4933,4934],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[51,4936,4938],{"className":53,"code":4937,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,4939,4940,4975],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4941,4942,4944,4946,4948,4950,4953,4955,4957,4959,4962,4964,4966,4968,4971,4973],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4943,1559],{"class":66},[60,4945,71],{"class":70},[60,4947,75],{"class":74},[60,4949,3261],{"class":255},[60,4951,4952],{"class":259},"Alice",[60,4954,3261],{"class":255},[60,4956,82],{"class":74},[60,4958,3256],{"class":255},[60,4960,4961],{"class":259},"Bob",[60,4963,3261],{"class":255},[60,4965,82],{"class":74},[60,4967,3256],{"class":255},[60,4969,4970],{"class":259},"Charlie",[60,4972,3261],{"class":255},[60,4974,101],{"class":74},[60,4976,4977,4979,4981,4983,4985,4987],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,4978,135],{"class":134},[60,4980,122],{"class":74},[60,4982,3670],{"class":134},[60,4984,122],{"class":74},[60,4986,1599],{"class":118},[60,4988,315],{"class":74},[20,4990,318],{},[51,4992,4993],{"className":53,"code":3933,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,4994,4995],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4996,4997],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4998,3933],{"class":685},[20,5000,5001],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[51,5003,5005],{"className":53,"code":5004,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,5006,5007,5031],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5008,5009,5012,5014,5016,5019,5021,5024,5026,5029],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,5010,5011],{"class":66},"scores ",[60,5013,71],{"class":70},[60,5015,75],{"class":74},[60,5017,5018],{"class":78},"75",[60,5020,82],{"class":74},[60,5022,5023],{"class":78}," 80",[60,5025,82],{"class":74},[60,5027,5028],{"class":78}," 50",[60,5030,101],{"class":74},[60,5032,5033,5035,5037,5039,5041,5044,5047,5049,5051,5054,5056,5059],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,5034,135],{"class":134},[60,5036,122],{"class":74},[60,5038,3670],{"class":134},[60,5040,122],{"class":74},[60,5042,5043],{"class":118},"score ",[60,5045,5046],{"class":70},">=",[60,5048,5028],{"class":78},[60,5050,3832],{"class":1537},[60,5052,5053],{"class":118}," score ",[60,5055,511],{"class":1537},[60,5057,5058],{"class":118}," scores",[60,5060,315],{"class":74},[20,5062,318],{},[51,5064,5065],{"className":53,"code":3933,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,5066,5067],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5068,5069],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,5070,3933],{"class":685},[20,5072,5073],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,5075,5076,5077,544,5081,115],{},"For related tasks, see ",[260,5078,5080],{"href":5079},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[260,5082,5084],{"href":5083},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[46,5086,1773],{"id":1772},[553,5088,5090,5091,5093],{"id":5089},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[15,5092,3540],{}," return in Python?",[20,5095,5096,5097,5099,5100,5102],{},"It returns ",[15,5098,547],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,5101,1463],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[553,5104,1821,5106,5108,5109,1435],{"id":5105},"why-does-all-return-true",[15,5107,3563],{}," return ",[15,5110,547],{},[20,5112,5113],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[553,5115,1796,5117,5119],{"id":5116},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly",[15,5118,3540],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,5121,5122],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[553,5124,5126,5127,544,5129,1435],{"id":5125},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[15,5128,3540],{},[15,5130,5131],{},"any()",[20,5133,5134,5136,5137,5139,5140,115],{},[15,5135,3540],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,5138,5131],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[260,5141,1875,5143,3471],{"href":5142},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,5144,5131],{},[46,5146,1842],{"id":1841},[30,5148,5149,5155,5159,5164,5169,5174],{},[33,5150,5151],{},[260,5152,1875,5153,3471],{"href":5142},[15,5154,5131],{},[33,5156,5157],{},[260,5158,3763],{"href":3762},[33,5160,5161],{},[260,5162,5163],{"href":5083},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[33,5165,5166],{},[260,5167,5168],{"href":5079},"How to filter a list in Python",[33,5170,5171],{},[260,5172,5173],{"href":4342},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[33,5175,5176],{},[260,5177,5178],{"href":4346},"What is an iterable in Python",[1885,5180,5181],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":5183},[5184,5185,5187,5188,5193,5195,5196,5205,5207,5217],{"id":48,"depth":104,"text":49},{"id":3632,"depth":104,"text":5186},"What all() does",{"id":3683,"depth":104,"text":3684},{"id":3884,"depth":104,"text":3885,"children":5189},[5190,5191,5192],{"id":3888,"depth":131,"text":3889},{"id":3949,"depth":131,"text":3950},{"id":4013,"depth":131,"text":4014},{"id":4148,"depth":104,"text":5194},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4350,"depth":104,"text":4351},{"id":4467,"depth":104,"text":4468,"children":5197},[5198,5199,5201,5203],{"id":4471,"depth":131,"text":4472},{"id":4528,"depth":131,"text":5200},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4654,"depth":131,"text":5202},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4729,"depth":131,"text":5204},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":4910,"depth":104,"text":5206},"When to use all()",{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":5208},[5209,5211,5213,5215],{"id":5089,"depth":131,"text":5210},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5105,"depth":131,"text":5212},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5116,"depth":131,"text":5214},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5125,"depth":131,"text":5216},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3532,"description":5218},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5225,"title":5226,"body":5227,"description":6909,"extension":1930,"meta":6910,"navigation":421,"path":5142,"seo":6911,"stem":6912,"__hash__":6913},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5228,"toc":6887},[5229,5232,5240,5243,5260,5268,5310,5319,5323,5328,5331,5348,5351,5362,5374,5378,5381,5396,5401,5404,5416,5419,5503,5506,5527,5533,5535,5543,5557,5559,5593,5595,5598,5659,5661,5678,5681,5708,5710,5718,5730,5734,5737,5776,5778,5786,5788,5804,5812,5815,5858,5860,5868,5873,5877,5885,5888,5913,5916,5919,5992,5994,6002,6009,6033,6044,6047,6125,6127,6135,6140,6144,6149,6164,6166,6174,6177,6183,6186,6232,6234,6251,6255,6260,6271,6274,6388,6391,6450,6456,6458,6463,6467,6469,6488,6494,6497,6516,6520,6529,6556,6558,6566,6574,6578,6584,6607,6609,6617,6624,6628,6631,6682,6685,6736,6739,6741,6745,6752,6756,6763,6767,6775,6779,6782,6804,6806,6856,6858,6884],[10,5230,5226],{"id":5231},"python-any-function-explained",[20,5233,5234,5236,5237,115],{},[15,5235,5131],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[3698,5238,5239],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,5241,5242],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[30,5244,5245,5248,5251,5254,5257],{},[33,5246,5247],{},"lists",[33,5249,5250],{},"tuples",[33,5252,5253],{},"sets",[33,5255,5256],{},"strings",[33,5258,5259],{},"generator expressions",[20,5261,5262,5263,1460,5265,5267],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,5264,547],{},[15,5266,1463],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[51,5269,5271],{"className":53,"code":5270,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,5272,5273,5293],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5274,5275,5277,5279,5281,5283,5285,5287,5289,5291],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,5276,674],{"class":66},[60,5278,71],{"class":70},[60,5280,75],{"class":74},[60,5282,195],{"class":78},[60,5284,82],{"class":74},[60,5286,3794],{"class":255},[60,5288,82],{"class":74},[60,5290,4555],{"class":78},[60,5292,101],{"class":74},[60,5294,5295,5297,5299,5302,5304,5306,5308],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,5296,135],{"class":134},[60,5298,122],{"class":74},[60,5300,5301],{"class":134},"any",[60,5303,122],{"class":74},[60,5305,706],{"class":118},[60,5307,446],{"class":74},[60,5309,1545],{"class":146},[20,5311,150,5312,5315,5316,5318],{},[15,5313,5314],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,5317,547],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[46,5320,5322],{"id":5321},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,5324,5325,5327],{},[15,5326,5131],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,5329,5330],{},"It returns:",[30,5332,5333,5338,5343],{},[33,5334,5335,5337],{},[15,5336,547],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[33,5339,5340,5342],{},[15,5341,1463],{}," if all items are falsy",[33,5344,5345,5347],{},[15,5346,1463],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,5349,5350],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[30,5352,5353,5356,5359],{},[33,5354,5355],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[33,5357,5358],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[33,5360,5361],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,5363,5364,5365,5368,5369,115],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[3698,5366,5367],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[260,5370,5372],{"href":5371},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,5373,3540],{},[46,5375,5377],{"id":5376},"syntax","Syntax",[20,5379,5380],{},"The syntax is simple:",[51,5382,5384],{"className":53,"code":5383,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"any(iterable)\n",[15,5385,5386],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5387,5388,5390,5392,5394],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,5389,5301],{"class":134},[60,5391,122],{"class":74},[60,5393,3675],{"class":118},[60,5395,128],{"class":74},[20,5397,5398,5399,115],{},"The argument must be an ",[3698,5400,3675],{},[20,5402,5403],{},"Common inputs include:",[30,5405,5406,5408,5410,5412,5414],{},[33,5407,5247],{},[33,5409,5250],{},[33,5411,5253],{},[33,5413,5256],{},[33,5415,5259],{},[20,5417,5418],{},"For example:",[51,5420,5422],{"className":53,"code":5421,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,5423,5424,5446,5465,5485],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5425,5426,5428,5430,5432,5434,5436,5438,5440,5442,5444],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,5427,135],{"class":134},[60,5429,122],{"class":74},[60,5431,5301],{"class":134},[60,5433,835],{"class":74},[60,5435,195],{"class":78},[60,5437,82],{"class":74},[60,5439,3789],{"class":78},[60,5441,82],{"class":74},[60,5443,695],{"class":78},[60,5445,2958],{"class":74},[60,5447,5448,5450,5452,5454,5457,5459,5461,5463],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,5449,135],{"class":134},[60,5451,122],{"class":74},[60,5453,5301],{"class":134},[60,5455,5456],{"class":74},"((",[60,5458,1463],{"class":685},[60,5460,82],{"class":74},[60,5462,3861],{"class":685},[60,5464,2872],{"class":74},[60,5466,5467,5469,5471,5473,5476,5478,5480,5482],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,5468,135],{"class":134},[60,5470,122],{"class":74},[60,5472,5301],{"class":134},[60,5474,5475],{"class":74},"({",[60,5477,195],{"class":78},[60,5479,82],{"class":74},[60,5481,85],{"class":78},[60,5483,5484],{"class":74},"}))\n",[60,5486,5487,5489,5491,5493,5495,5497,5499,5501],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,5488,135],{"class":134},[60,5490,122],{"class":74},[60,5492,5301],{"class":134},[60,5494,122],{"class":74},[60,5496,256],{"class":255},[60,5498,3801],{"class":259},[60,5500,256],{"class":255},[60,5502,315],{"class":74},[20,5504,5505],{},"Expected output:",[51,5507,5509],{"className":53,"code":5508,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5510,5511,5515,5519,5523],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5512,5513],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,5514,3933],{"class":685},[60,5516,5517],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,5518,3994],{"class":685},[60,5520,5521],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,5522,3933],{"class":685},[60,5524,5525],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,5526,3933],{"class":685},[20,5528,5529,5530,115],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[260,5531,5084],{"href":5532},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[46,5534,3684],{"id":3683},[20,5536,3687,5537,1460,5540,3692],{},[3698,5538,5539],{},"truthy",[3698,5541,5542],{},"falsy",[30,5544,5545,5551],{},[33,5546,5547,3701,5549],{},[3698,5548,3700],{},[15,5550,547],{},[33,5552,5553,3701,5555],{},[3698,5554,3708],{},[15,5556,1463],{},[20,5558,3713],{},[30,5560,5561,5565,5569,5573,5577,5581,5585,5589],{},[33,5562,5563],{},[15,5564,1463],{},[33,5566,5567],{},[15,5568,195],{},[33,5570,5571],{},[15,5572,3724],{},[33,5574,5575],{},[15,5576,3729],{},[33,5578,5579],{},[15,5580,3743],{},[33,5582,5583],{},[15,5584,3748],{},[33,5586,5587],{},[15,5588,3753],{},[33,5590,5591],{},[15,5592,3734],{},[20,5594,3756],{},[20,5596,5597],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[51,5599,5601],{"className":53,"code":5600,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,5602,5603,5617,5635],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5604,5605,5607,5609,5611,5613,5615],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,5606,135],{"class":134},[60,5608,122],{"class":74},[60,5610,5301],{"class":134},[60,5612,835],{"class":74},[60,5614,79],{"class":78},[60,5616,2958],{"class":74},[60,5618,5619,5621,5623,5625,5627,5629,5631,5633],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,5620,135],{"class":134},[60,5622,122],{"class":74},[60,5624,5301],{"class":134},[60,5626,835],{"class":74},[60,5628,3261],{"class":255},[60,5630,3801],{"class":259},[60,5632,3261],{"class":255},[60,5634,2958],{"class":74},[60,5636,5637,5639,5641,5643,5646,5648,5650,5652,5654,5656],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,5638,135],{"class":134},[60,5640,122],{"class":74},[60,5642,5301],{"class":134},[60,5644,5645],{"class":74},"([[",[60,5647,79],{"class":78},[60,5649,82],{"class":74},[60,5651,85],{"class":78},[60,5653,82],{"class":74},[60,5655,94],{"class":78},[60,5657,5658],{"class":74},"]]))\n",[20,5660,5505],{},[51,5662,5664],{"className":53,"code":5663,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5665,5666,5670,5674],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5667,5668],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,5669,3933],{"class":685},[60,5671,5672],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,5673,3933],{"class":685},[60,5675,5676],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,5677,3933],{"class":685},[20,5679,5680],{},"And these are all falsy:",[51,5682,5684],{"className":53,"code":5683,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,5685,5686],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5687,5688,5690,5692,5694,5696,5698,5700,5702,5704,5706],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,5689,135],{"class":134},[60,5691,122],{"class":74},[60,5693,5301],{"class":134},[60,5695,835],{"class":74},[60,5697,195],{"class":78},[60,5699,82],{"class":74},[60,5701,3794],{"class":255},[60,5703,82],{"class":74},[60,5705,3808],{"class":685},[60,5707,2958],{"class":74},[20,5709,5505],{},[51,5711,5712],{"className":53,"code":3994,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,5713,5714],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5715,5716],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,5717,3994],{"class":685},[20,5719,5720,5721,544,5724,115],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[260,5722,3763],{"href":5723},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[260,5725,5727,5729],{"href":5726},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,5728,3769],{}," explained",[46,5731,5733],{"id":5732},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,5735,5736],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[51,5738,5740],{"className":53,"code":5739,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5741,5742,5762],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5743,5744,5746,5748,5750,5752,5754,5756,5758,5760],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,5745,674],{"class":66},[60,5747,71],{"class":70},[60,5749,75],{"class":74},[60,5751,195],{"class":78},[60,5753,82],{"class":74},[60,5755,3794],{"class":255},[60,5757,82],{"class":74},[60,5759,4555],{"class":78},[60,5761,101],{"class":74},[60,5763,5764,5766,5768,5770,5772,5774],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,5765,135],{"class":134},[60,5767,122],{"class":74},[60,5769,5301],{"class":134},[60,5771,122],{"class":74},[60,5773,706],{"class":118},[60,5775,315],{"class":74},[20,5777,318],{},[51,5779,5780],{"className":53,"code":3933,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,5781,5782],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5783,5784],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,5785,3933],{"class":685},[20,5787,4390],{},[30,5789,5790,5795,5799],{},[33,5791,5792,5794],{},[15,5793,195],{}," is falsy",[33,5796,5797,5794],{},[15,5798,3729],{},[33,5800,5801,5803],{},[15,5802,1086],{}," is truthy",[20,5805,5806,5807,2361,5810,115],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,5808,5809],{},"any(values)",[15,5811,547],{},[20,5813,5814],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[51,5816,5818],{"className":53,"code":5817,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5819,5820,5844],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5821,5822,5824,5826,5828,5830,5832,5834,5836,5838,5840,5842],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,5823,674],{"class":66},[60,5825,71],{"class":70},[60,5827,75],{"class":74},[60,5829,195],{"class":78},[60,5831,82],{"class":74},[60,5833,3794],{"class":255},[60,5835,82],{"class":74},[60,5837,3808],{"class":685},[60,5839,82],{"class":74},[60,5841,3861],{"class":685},[60,5843,101],{"class":74},[60,5845,5846,5848,5850,5852,5854,5856],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,5847,135],{"class":134},[60,5849,122],{"class":74},[60,5851,5301],{"class":134},[60,5853,122],{"class":74},[60,5855,706],{"class":118},[60,5857,315],{"class":74},[20,5859,318],{},[51,5861,5862],{"className":53,"code":3994,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,5863,5864],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5865,5866],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,5867,3994],{"class":685},[20,5869,5870,5871,115],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,5872,1463],{},[46,5874,5876],{"id":5875},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,5878,5879,5881,5882,115],{},[15,5880,5131],{}," is often used with a ",[3698,5883,5884],{},"generator expression",[20,5886,5887],{},"This is a common pattern:",[51,5889,5891],{"className":53,"code":5890,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,5892,5893],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5894,5895,5897,5899,5902,5904,5906,5908,5911],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,5896,5301],{"class":134},[60,5898,122],{"class":74},[60,5900,5901],{"class":118},"condition ",[60,5903,1702],{"class":1537},[60,5905,1705],{"class":118},[60,5907,511],{"class":1537},[60,5909,5910],{"class":118}," items",[60,5912,128],{"class":74},[20,5914,5915],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,5917,5918],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[51,5920,5922],{"className":53,"code":5921,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,5923,5924,5951,5955,5982],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5925,5926,5928,5930,5932,5934,5936,5939,5941,5943,5945,5947,5949],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,5927,67],{"class":66},[60,5929,71],{"class":70},[60,5931,75],{"class":74},[60,5933,2465],{"class":78},[60,5935,82],{"class":74},[60,5937,5938],{"class":78}," 7",[60,5940,82],{"class":74},[60,5942,2187],{"class":70},[60,5944,125],{"class":78},[60,5946,82],{"class":74},[60,5948,883],{"class":78},[60,5950,101],{"class":74},[60,5952,5953],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,5954,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,5956,5957,5959,5961,5964,5966,5968,5970,5972,5974,5976,5978,5980],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,5958,107],{"class":66},[60,5960,71],{"class":70},[60,5962,5963],{"class":134}," any",[60,5965,122],{"class":74},[60,5967,2984],{"class":118},[60,5969,3250],{"class":70},[60,5971,3789],{"class":78},[60,5973,3832],{"class":1537},[60,5975,3835],{"class":118},[60,5977,511],{"class":1537},[60,5979,112],{"class":118},[60,5981,128],{"class":74},[60,5983,5984,5986,5988,5990],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,5985,135],{"class":134},[60,5987,122],{"class":74},[60,5989,140],{"class":118},[60,5991,128],{"class":74},[20,5993,318],{},[51,5995,5996],{"className":53,"code":3933,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,5997,5998],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5999,6000],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6001,3933],{"class":685},[20,6003,6004,6005,6008],{},"This works because ",[15,6006,6007],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[30,6010,6011,6019,6026],{},[33,6012,6013,6016,6017],{},[15,6014,6015],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,6018,1463],{},[33,6020,6021,6016,6024],{},[15,6022,6023],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,6025,1463],{},[33,6027,6028,6016,6031],{},[15,6029,6030],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,6032,547],{},[20,6034,6035,6036,6038,6039,6041,6042,115],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,6037,547],{}," result, ",[15,6040,5131],{}," can return ",[15,6043,547],{},[20,6045,6046],{},"Here is another example:",[51,6048,6050],{"className":53,"code":6049,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,6051,6052,6081,6085,6114],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,6053,6054,6056,6058,6060,6062,6064,6066,6068,6071,6073,6075,6077,6079],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6055,566],{"class":66},[60,6057,71],{"class":70},[60,6059,75],{"class":74},[60,6061,256],{"class":255},[60,6063,575],{"class":259},[60,6065,256],{"class":255},[60,6067,82],{"class":74},[60,6069,6070],{"class":255}," \"\"",[60,6072,82],{"class":74},[60,6074,267],{"class":255},[60,6076,1392],{"class":259},[60,6078,256],{"class":255},[60,6080,101],{"class":74},[60,6082,6083],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,6084,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,6086,6087,6090,6092,6094,6096,6099,6101,6103,6105,6108,6110,6112],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,6088,6089],{"class":66},"has_empty_string ",[60,6091,71],{"class":70},[60,6093,5963],{"class":134},[60,6095,122],{"class":74},[60,6097,6098],{"class":118},"word ",[60,6100,4639],{"class":70},[60,6102,6070],{"class":255},[60,6104,3832],{"class":1537},[60,6106,6107],{"class":118}," word ",[60,6109,511],{"class":1537},[60,6111,998],{"class":118},[60,6113,128],{"class":74},[60,6115,6116,6118,6120,6123],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,6117,135],{"class":134},[60,6119,122],{"class":74},[60,6121,6122],{"class":118},"has_empty_string",[60,6124,128],{"class":74},[20,6126,318],{},[51,6128,6129],{"className":53,"code":3933,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,6130,6131],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,6132,6133],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6134,3933],{"class":685},[20,6136,6137,6138,115],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[260,6139,516],{"href":515},[46,6141,6143],{"id":6142},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,6145,6146,6147,166],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,6148,1463],{},[51,6150,6152],{"className":53,"code":6151,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(any([]))\n",[15,6153,6154],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,6155,6156,6158,6160,6162],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6157,135],{"class":134},[60,6159,122],{"class":74},[60,6161,5301],{"class":134},[60,6163,4377],{"class":74},[20,6165,318],{},[51,6167,6168],{"className":53,"code":3994,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,6169,6170],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,6171,6172],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6173,3994],{"class":685},[20,6175,6176],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,6178,6179,6180,6182],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,6181,5131],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,6184,6185],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[51,6187,6189],{"className":53,"code":6188,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,6190,6191,6201,6216],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,6192,6193,6195,6197,6199],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6194,135],{"class":134},[60,6196,122],{"class":74},[60,6198,5301],{"class":134},[60,6200,4435],{"class":74},[60,6202,6203,6205,6207,6209,6211,6214],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,6204,135],{"class":134},[60,6206,122],{"class":74},[60,6208,5301],{"class":134},[60,6210,122],{"class":74},[60,6212,6213],{"class":255},"\"\"",[60,6215,315],{"class":74},[60,6217,6218,6220,6222,6224,6226,6229],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,6219,135],{"class":134},[60,6221,122],{"class":74},[60,6223,5301],{"class":134},[60,6225,122],{"class":74},[60,6227,6228],{"class":1656},"set",[60,6230,6231],{"class":74},"()))\n",[20,6233,318],{},[51,6235,6237],{"className":53,"code":6236,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,6238,6239,6243,6247],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,6240,6241],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6242,3994],{"class":685},[60,6244,6245],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,6246,3994],{"class":685},[60,6248,6249],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,6250,3994],{"class":685},[46,6252,6254],{"id":6253},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,6256,150,6257,6259],{},[15,6258,5131],{}," when you want to:",[30,6261,6262,6265,6268],{},[33,6263,6264],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[33,6266,6267],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[33,6269,6270],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,6272,6273],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[51,6275,6277],{"className":53,"code":6276,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,6278,6279,6304,6308,6318,6322,6335,6354,6365,6371,6376],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,6280,6281,6283,6285,6287,6289,6291,6293,6295,6297,6299,6302],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6282,67],{"class":66},[60,6284,71],{"class":70},[60,6286,75],{"class":74},[60,6288,79],{"class":78},[60,6290,82],{"class":74},[60,6292,94],{"class":78},[60,6294,82],{"class":74},[60,6296,4555],{"class":78},[60,6298,82],{"class":74},[60,6300,6301],{"class":78}," 8",[60,6303,101],{"class":74},[60,6305,6306],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,6307,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,6309,6310,6313,6315],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,6311,6312],{"class":66},"found_even ",[60,6314,71],{"class":70},[60,6316,6317],{"class":685}," False\n",[60,6319,6320],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,6321,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,6323,6324,6326,6329,6331,6333],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,6325,1702],{"class":1537},[60,6327,6328],{"class":66}," number ",[60,6330,511],{"class":1537},[60,6332,112],{"class":66},[60,6334,1712],{"class":74},[60,6336,6337,6340,6342,6345,6347,6350,6352],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,6338,6339],{"class":1537},"    if",[60,6341,6328],{"class":66},[60,6343,6344],{"class":70},"%",[60,6346,85],{"class":78},[60,6348,6349],{"class":70}," ==",[60,6351,3789],{"class":78},[60,6353,1712],{"class":74},[60,6355,6357,6360,6362],{"class":62,"line":6356},7,[60,6358,6359],{"class":66},"        found_even ",[60,6361,71],{"class":70},[60,6363,6364],{"class":685}," True\n",[60,6366,6368],{"class":62,"line":6367},8,[60,6369,6370],{"class":1537},"        break\n",[60,6372,6374],{"class":62,"line":6373},9,[60,6375,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,6377,6379,6381,6383,6386],{"class":62,"line":6378},10,[60,6380,135],{"class":134},[60,6382,122],{"class":74},[60,6384,6385],{"class":118},"found_even",[60,6387,128],{"class":74},[20,6389,6390],{},"You can write:",[51,6392,6394],{"className":53,"code":6393,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,6395,6396,6420],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,6397,6398,6400,6402,6404,6406,6408,6410,6412,6414,6416,6418],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6399,67],{"class":66},[60,6401,71],{"class":70},[60,6403,75],{"class":74},[60,6405,79],{"class":78},[60,6407,82],{"class":74},[60,6409,94],{"class":78},[60,6411,82],{"class":74},[60,6413,4555],{"class":78},[60,6415,82],{"class":74},[60,6417,6301],{"class":78},[60,6419,101],{"class":74},[60,6421,6422,6424,6426,6428,6430,6432,6434,6436,6438,6440,6442,6444,6446,6448],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,6423,135],{"class":134},[60,6425,122],{"class":74},[60,6427,5301],{"class":134},[60,6429,122],{"class":74},[60,6431,2182],{"class":118},[60,6433,6344],{"class":70},[60,6435,85],{"class":78},[60,6437,6349],{"class":70},[60,6439,3789],{"class":78},[60,6441,3832],{"class":1537},[60,6443,6328],{"class":118},[60,6445,511],{"class":1537},[60,6447,112],{"class":118},[60,6449,315],{"class":74},[20,6451,6452,6453,6455],{},"Both work, but ",[15,6454,5131],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[46,6457,4468],{"id":4467},[20,6459,6460,6461,115],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,6462,5131],{},[553,6464,6466],{"id":6465},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,6468,4475],{},[51,6470,6472],{"className":53,"code":6471,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(any(5))\n",[15,6473,6474],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,6475,6476,6478,6480,6482,6484,6486],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6477,135],{"class":134},[60,6479,122],{"class":74},[60,6481,5301],{"class":134},[60,6483,122],{"class":74},[60,6485,1086],{"class":78},[60,6487,315],{"class":74},[20,6489,6490,6491,6493],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,6492,1086],{}," is not iterable.",[20,6495,6496],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[51,6498,6500],{"className":53,"code":6499,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,6501,6502],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,6503,6504,6506,6508,6510,6512,6514],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6505,135],{"class":134},[60,6507,122],{"class":74},[60,6509,5301],{"class":134},[60,6511,835],{"class":74},[60,6513,1086],{"class":78},[60,6515,2958],{"class":74},[553,6517,6519],{"id":6518},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,6521,6522,6524,6525,6528],{},[15,6523,5131],{}," needs only ",[3698,6526,6527],{},"one"," truthy item.",[51,6530,6532],{"className":53,"code":6531,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,6533,6534],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,6535,6536,6538,6540,6542,6544,6546,6548,6550,6552,6554],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6537,135],{"class":134},[60,6539,122],{"class":74},[60,6541,5301],{"class":134},[60,6543,835],{"class":74},[60,6545,1463],{"class":685},[60,6547,82],{"class":74},[60,6549,3861],{"class":685},[60,6551,82],{"class":74},[60,6553,686],{"class":685},[60,6555,2958],{"class":74},[20,6557,318],{},[51,6559,6560],{"className":53,"code":3933,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,6561,6562],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,6563,6564],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6565,3933],{"class":685},[20,6567,6568,6569,6573],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[260,6570,6571],{"href":5371},[15,6572,3540],{}," instead.",[553,6575,6577],{"id":6576},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,6579,6580,6581,115],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6582,6583],{},"\"True\"",[51,6585,6587],{"className":53,"code":6586,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6588,6589],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,6590,6591,6593,6595,6597,6599,6601,6603,6605],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6592,135],{"class":134},[60,6594,122],{"class":74},[60,6596,5301],{"class":134},[60,6598,835],{"class":74},[60,6600,256],{"class":255},[60,6602,1463],{"class":259},[60,6604,256],{"class":255},[60,6606,2958],{"class":74},[20,6608,318],{},[51,6610,6611],{"className":53,"code":3933,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,6612,6613],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,6614,6615],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6616,3933],{"class":685},[20,6618,6619,6620,6623],{},"That is because ",[15,6621,6622],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[553,6625,6627],{"id":6626},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,6629,6630],{},"This works:",[51,6632,6634],{"className":53,"code":6633,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,6635,6636,6656],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,6637,6638,6640,6642,6644,6646,6648,6650,6652,6654],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6639,67],{"class":66},[60,6641,71],{"class":70},[60,6643,75],{"class":74},[60,6645,79],{"class":78},[60,6647,82],{"class":74},[60,6649,85],{"class":78},[60,6651,82],{"class":74},[60,6653,94],{"class":78},[60,6655,101],{"class":74},[60,6657,6658,6660,6662,6664,6666,6668,6670,6672,6674,6676,6678,6680],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,6659,135],{"class":134},[60,6661,122],{"class":74},[60,6663,5301],{"class":134},[60,6665,835],{"class":74},[60,6667,2984],{"class":118},[60,6669,4203],{"class":70},[60,6671,85],{"class":78},[60,6673,3832],{"class":1537},[60,6675,3835],{"class":118},[60,6677,511],{"class":1537},[60,6679,112],{"class":118},[60,6681,2958],{"class":74},[20,6683,6684],{},"But this is usually better:",[51,6686,6688],{"className":53,"code":6687,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,6689,6690,6710],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,6691,6692,6694,6696,6698,6700,6702,6704,6706,6708],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6693,67],{"class":66},[60,6695,71],{"class":70},[60,6697,75],{"class":74},[60,6699,79],{"class":78},[60,6701,82],{"class":74},[60,6703,85],{"class":78},[60,6705,82],{"class":74},[60,6707,94],{"class":78},[60,6709,101],{"class":74},[60,6711,6712,6714,6716,6718,6720,6722,6724,6726,6728,6730,6732,6734],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,6713,135],{"class":134},[60,6715,122],{"class":74},[60,6717,5301],{"class":134},[60,6719,122],{"class":74},[60,6721,2984],{"class":118},[60,6723,4203],{"class":70},[60,6725,85],{"class":78},[60,6727,3832],{"class":1537},[60,6729,3835],{"class":118},[60,6731,511],{"class":1537},[60,6733,112],{"class":118},[60,6735,315],{"class":74},[20,6737,6738],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[46,6740,1773],{"id":1772},[553,6742,6744],{"id":6743},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,6746,5096,6747,6749,6750,115],{},[15,6748,547],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,6751,1463],{},[553,6753,6755],{"id":6754},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,6757,6758,2361,6760,6762],{},[15,6759,5131],{},[15,6761,1463],{}," for an empty iterable.",[553,6764,6766],{"id":6765},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,6768,6769,6771,6772,6774],{},[15,6770,5131],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,6773,3540],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[553,6776,6778],{"id":6777},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,6780,6781],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[51,6783,6784],{"className":53,"code":5890,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,6785,6786],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,6787,6788,6790,6792,6794,6796,6798,6800,6802],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6789,5301],{"class":134},[60,6791,122],{"class":74},[60,6793,5901],{"class":118},[60,6795,1702],{"class":1537},[60,6797,1705],{"class":118},[60,6799,511],{"class":1537},[60,6801,5910],{"class":118},[60,6803,128],{"class":74},[20,6805,5418],{},[51,6807,6808],{"className":53,"code":6687,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,6809,6810,6830],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,6811,6812,6814,6816,6818,6820,6822,6824,6826,6828],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6813,67],{"class":66},[60,6815,71],{"class":70},[60,6817,75],{"class":74},[60,6819,79],{"class":78},[60,6821,82],{"class":74},[60,6823,85],{"class":78},[60,6825,82],{"class":74},[60,6827,94],{"class":78},[60,6829,101],{"class":74},[60,6831,6832,6834,6836,6838,6840,6842,6844,6846,6848,6850,6852,6854],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,6833,135],{"class":134},[60,6835,122],{"class":74},[60,6837,5301],{"class":134},[60,6839,122],{"class":74},[60,6841,2984],{"class":118},[60,6843,4203],{"class":70},[60,6845,85],{"class":78},[60,6847,3832],{"class":1537},[60,6849,3835],{"class":118},[60,6851,511],{"class":1537},[60,6853,112],{"class":118},[60,6855,315],{"class":74},[46,6857,1842],{"id":1841},[30,6859,6860,6866,6870,6874,6878],{},[33,6861,6862],{},[260,6863,6864,3471],{"href":5371},[15,6865,3540],{},[33,6867,6868],{},[260,6869,3763],{"href":5723},[33,6871,6872],{},[260,6873,5163],{"href":5532},[33,6875,6876],{},[260,6877,1859],{"href":515},[33,6879,6880],{},[260,6881,6882,3471],{"href":5726},[15,6883,3769],{},[1885,6885,6886],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":6888},[6889,6890,6891,6892,6893,6894,6895,6896,6902,6908],{"id":5321,"depth":104,"text":5322},{"id":5376,"depth":104,"text":5377},{"id":3683,"depth":104,"text":3684},{"id":5732,"depth":104,"text":5733},{"id":5875,"depth":104,"text":5876},{"id":6142,"depth":104,"text":6143},{"id":6253,"depth":104,"text":6254},{"id":4467,"depth":104,"text":4468,"children":6897},[6898,6899,6900,6901],{"id":6465,"depth":131,"text":6466},{"id":6518,"depth":131,"text":6519},{"id":6576,"depth":131,"text":6577},{"id":6626,"depth":131,"text":6627},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":6903},[6904,6905,6906,6907],{"id":6743,"depth":131,"text":6744},{"id":6754,"depth":131,"text":6755},{"id":6765,"depth":131,"text":6766},{"id":6777,"depth":131,"text":6778},{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5226,"description":6909},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":6915,"title":6916,"body":6917,"description":9039,"extension":1930,"meta":9040,"navigation":421,"path":9041,"seo":9042,"stem":9043,"__hash__":9044},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":6918,"toc":9002},[6919,6922,6931,6941,6943,7040,7042,7071,7087,7091,7096,7099,7109,7115,7121,7137,7139,7147,7154,7158,7161,7176,7181,7199,7204,7206,7254,7256,7273,7277,7283,7286,7321,7323,7429,7431,7468,7472,7480,7482,7502,7504,7624,7626,7655,7658,7681,7683,7691,7699,7703,7709,7713,7752,7754,7762,7765,7793,7795,7803,7807,7836,7838,7846,7878,7880,7888,7892,7943,7945,7953,7961,7965,7968,8020,8022,8043,8050,8054,8060,8063,8071,8093,8095,8103,8111,8134,8136,8144,8149,8154,8166,8168,8209,8220,8224,8233,8236,8239,8297,8300,8351,8354,8360,8376,8382,8384,8388,8395,8398,8420,8422,8430,8435,8438,8473,8475,8483,8487,8492,8530,8541,8544,8598,8606,8610,8613,8635,8644,8647,8688,8690,8713,8719,8724,8739,8741,8761,8764,8783,8785,8804,8808,8814,8893,8896,8910,8917,8919,8923,8930,8934,8938,8942,8947,8951,8956,8960,8967,8969,8999],[10,6920,6916],{"id":6921},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,6923,1947,6924,6926,6927,1460,6929,115],{},[15,6925,3769],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,6928,547],{},[15,6930,1463],{},[20,6932,6933,6934,6936,6937,6940],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,6935,3769],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,6938,6939],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[46,6942,49],{"id":48},[51,6944,6946],{"className":53,"code":6945,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,6947,6948,6962,6976,6990,7008,7018],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,6949,6950,6952,6954,6956,6958,6960],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6951,135],{"class":134},[60,6953,122],{"class":74},[60,6955,3823],{"class":1656},[60,6957,122],{"class":74},[60,6959,195],{"class":78},[60,6961,315],{"class":74},[60,6963,6964,6966,6968,6970,6972,6974],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,6965,135],{"class":134},[60,6967,122],{"class":74},[60,6969,3823],{"class":1656},[60,6971,122],{"class":74},[60,6973,79],{"class":78},[60,6975,315],{"class":74},[60,6977,6978,6980,6982,6984,6986,6988],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,6979,135],{"class":134},[60,6981,122],{"class":74},[60,6983,3823],{"class":1656},[60,6985,122],{"class":74},[60,6987,6213],{"class":255},[60,6989,315],{"class":74},[60,6991,6992,6994,6996,6998,7000,7002,7004,7006],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,6993,135],{"class":134},[60,6995,122],{"class":74},[60,6997,3823],{"class":1656},[60,6999,122],{"class":74},[60,7001,256],{"class":255},[60,7003,3801],{"class":259},[60,7005,256],{"class":255},[60,7007,315],{"class":74},[60,7009,7010,7012,7014,7016],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,7011,135],{"class":134},[60,7013,122],{"class":74},[60,7015,3823],{"class":1656},[60,7017,4377],{"class":74},[60,7019,7020,7022,7024,7026,7028,7030,7032,7034,7036,7038],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,7021,135],{"class":134},[60,7023,122],{"class":74},[60,7025,3823],{"class":1656},[60,7027,835],{"class":74},[60,7029,79],{"class":78},[60,7031,82],{"class":74},[60,7033,85],{"class":78},[60,7035,82],{"class":74},[60,7037,94],{"class":78},[60,7039,2958],{"class":74},[20,7041,5505],{},[51,7043,7045],{"className":53,"code":7044,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,7046,7047,7051,7055,7059,7063,7067],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7048,7049],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7050,3994],{"class":685},[60,7052,7053],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,7054,3933],{"class":685},[60,7056,7057],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,7058,3994],{"class":685},[60,7060,7061],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,7062,3933],{"class":685},[60,7064,7065],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,7066,3994],{"class":685},[60,7068,7069],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,7070,3933],{"class":685},[20,7072,150,7073,7076,7077,1460,7079,7081,7082,7084,7085,115],{},[15,7074,7075],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,7078,547],{},[15,7080,1463],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,7083,1463],{},". Most other values become ",[15,7086,547],{},[46,7088,7090],{"id":7089},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,7092,7093,7095],{},[15,7094,3769],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,7097,7098],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[30,7100,7101,7105],{},[33,7102,7103],{},[15,7104,547],{},[33,7106,7107],{},[15,7108,1463],{},[20,7110,7111,7112,7114],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,7113,6939],{}," statements.",[20,7116,7117,7118,7120],{},"You can also call ",[15,7119,3769],{}," with no argument:",[51,7122,7124],{"className":53,"code":7123,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(bool())\n",[15,7125,7126],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7127,7128,7130,7132,7134],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7129,135],{"class":134},[60,7131,122],{"class":74},[60,7133,3823],{"class":1656},[60,7135,7136],{"class":74},"())\n",[20,7138,318],{},[51,7140,7141],{"className":53,"code":3994,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,7142,7143],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7144,7145],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7146,3994],{"class":685},[20,7148,7149,7150,115],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[260,7151,7153],{"href":7152},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[46,7155,7157],{"id":7156},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,7159,7160],{},"The basic syntax is:",[51,7162,7164],{"className":53,"code":7163,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"bool(value)\n",[15,7165,7166],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7167,7168,7170,7172,7174],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7169,3823],{"class":1656},[60,7171,122],{"class":74},[60,7173,221],{"class":118},[60,7175,128],{"class":74},[20,7177,1947,7178,7180],{},[15,7179,221],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[30,7182,7183,7185,7187,7189,7191,7194,7196],{},[33,7184,1506],{},[33,7186,5256],{},[33,7188,5247],{},[33,7190,5250],{},[33,7192,7193],{},"dictionaries",[33,7195,5253],{},[33,7197,7198],{},"other objects",[20,7200,7201,7202,115],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,7203,1463],{},[20,7205,238],{},[51,7207,7209],{"className":53,"code":7208,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,7210,7211,7225,7244],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7212,7213,7215,7217,7219,7221,7223],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7214,135],{"class":134},[60,7216,122],{"class":74},[60,7218,3823],{"class":1656},[60,7220,122],{"class":74},[60,7222,873],{"class":78},[60,7224,315],{"class":74},[60,7226,7227,7229,7231,7233,7235,7237,7240,7242],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,7228,135],{"class":134},[60,7230,122],{"class":74},[60,7232,3823],{"class":1656},[60,7234,122],{"class":74},[60,7236,256],{"class":255},[60,7238,7239],{"class":259},"Python",[60,7241,256],{"class":255},[60,7243,315],{"class":74},[60,7245,7246,7248,7250,7252],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,7247,135],{"class":134},[60,7249,122],{"class":74},[60,7251,3823],{"class":1656},[60,7253,7136],{"class":74},[20,7255,318],{},[51,7257,7259],{"className":53,"code":7258,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,7260,7261,7265,7269],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7262,7263],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7264,3933],{"class":685},[60,7266,7267],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,7268,3933],{"class":685},[60,7270,7271],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,7272,3994],{"class":685},[46,7274,7276],{"id":7275},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,7278,7279,7280,7282],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[3698,7281,5542],{}," values.",[20,7284,7285],{},"Common examples:",[30,7287,7288,7292,7296,7300,7304,7309,7313,7317],{},[33,7289,7290],{},[15,7291,195],{},[33,7293,7294],{},[15,7295,3724],{},[33,7297,7298],{},[15,7299,6213],{},[33,7301,7302],{},[15,7303,3743],{},[33,7305,7306],{},[15,7307,7308],{},"()",[33,7310,7311],{},[15,7312,3748],{},[33,7314,7315],{},[15,7316,3753],{},[33,7318,7319],{},[15,7320,3734],{},[20,7322,238],{},[51,7324,7326],{"className":53,"code":7325,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,7327,7328,7342,7356,7370,7380,7390,7401,7415],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7329,7330,7332,7334,7336,7338,7340],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7331,135],{"class":134},[60,7333,122],{"class":74},[60,7335,3823],{"class":1656},[60,7337,122],{"class":74},[60,7339,195],{"class":78},[60,7341,315],{"class":74},[60,7343,7344,7346,7348,7350,7352,7354],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,7345,135],{"class":134},[60,7347,122],{"class":74},[60,7349,3823],{"class":1656},[60,7351,122],{"class":74},[60,7353,3724],{"class":78},[60,7355,315],{"class":74},[60,7357,7358,7360,7362,7364,7366,7368],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,7359,135],{"class":134},[60,7361,122],{"class":74},[60,7363,3823],{"class":1656},[60,7365,122],{"class":74},[60,7367,6213],{"class":255},[60,7369,315],{"class":74},[60,7371,7372,7374,7376,7378],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,7373,135],{"class":134},[60,7375,122],{"class":74},[60,7377,3823],{"class":1656},[60,7379,4377],{"class":74},[60,7381,7382,7384,7386,7388],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,7383,135],{"class":134},[60,7385,122],{"class":74},[60,7387,3823],{"class":1656},[60,7389,4435],{"class":74},[60,7391,7392,7394,7396,7398],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,7393,135],{"class":134},[60,7395,122],{"class":74},[60,7397,3823],{"class":1656},[60,7399,7400],{"class":74},"({}))\n",[60,7402,7403,7405,7407,7409,7411,7413],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,7404,135],{"class":134},[60,7406,122],{"class":74},[60,7408,3823],{"class":1656},[60,7410,122],{"class":74},[60,7412,6228],{"class":1656},[60,7414,6231],{"class":74},[60,7416,7417,7419,7421,7423,7425,7427],{"class":62,"line":6367},[60,7418,135],{"class":134},[60,7420,122],{"class":74},[60,7422,3823],{"class":1656},[60,7424,122],{"class":74},[60,7426,3734],{"class":685},[60,7428,315],{"class":74},[20,7430,318],{},[51,7432,7434],{"className":53,"code":7433,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,7435,7436,7440,7444,7448,7452,7456,7460,7464],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7437,7438],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7439,3994],{"class":685},[60,7441,7442],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,7443,3994],{"class":685},[60,7445,7446],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,7447,3994],{"class":685},[60,7449,7450],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,7451,3994],{"class":685},[60,7453,7454],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,7455,3994],{"class":685},[60,7457,7458],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,7459,3994],{"class":685},[60,7461,7462],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,7463,3994],{"class":685},[60,7465,7466],{"class":62,"line":6367},[60,7467,3994],{"class":685},[46,7469,7471],{"id":7470},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,7473,7474,7475,7477,7478,7282],{},"Many values become ",[15,7476,547],{},". These are often called ",[3698,7479,5539],{},[20,7481,7285],{},[30,7483,7484,7487,7490,7493,7496,7499],{},[33,7485,7486],{},"non-zero numbers",[33,7488,7489],{},"non-empty strings",[33,7491,7492],{},"non-empty lists",[33,7494,7495],{},"non-empty tuples",[33,7497,7498],{},"non-empty sets",[33,7500,7501],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,7503,238],{},[51,7505,7507],{"className":53,"code":7506,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,7508,7509,7523,7539,7557,7579,7597],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7510,7511,7513,7515,7517,7519,7521],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7512,135],{"class":134},[60,7514,122],{"class":74},[60,7516,3823],{"class":1656},[60,7518,122],{"class":74},[60,7520,1086],{"class":78},[60,7522,315],{"class":74},[60,7524,7525,7527,7529,7531,7533,7535,7537],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,7526,135],{"class":134},[60,7528,122],{"class":74},[60,7530,3823],{"class":1656},[60,7532,122],{"class":74},[60,7534,1991],{"class":70},[60,7536,125],{"class":78},[60,7538,315],{"class":74},[60,7540,7541,7543,7545,7547,7549,7551,7553,7555],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,7542,135],{"class":134},[60,7544,122],{"class":74},[60,7546,3823],{"class":1656},[60,7548,122],{"class":74},[60,7550,256],{"class":255},[60,7552,3801],{"class":259},[60,7554,256],{"class":255},[60,7556,315],{"class":74},[60,7558,7559,7561,7563,7565,7567,7569,7571,7573,7575,7577],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,7560,135],{"class":134},[60,7562,122],{"class":74},[60,7564,3823],{"class":1656},[60,7566,835],{"class":74},[60,7568,79],{"class":78},[60,7570,82],{"class":74},[60,7572,85],{"class":78},[60,7574,82],{"class":74},[60,7576,94],{"class":78},[60,7578,2958],{"class":74},[60,7580,7581,7583,7585,7587,7589,7591,7593,7595],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,7582,135],{"class":134},[60,7584,122],{"class":74},[60,7586,3823],{"class":1656},[60,7588,5456],{"class":74},[60,7590,79],{"class":78},[60,7592,82],{"class":74},[60,7594,85],{"class":78},[60,7596,2872],{"class":74},[60,7598,7599,7601,7603,7605,7607,7609,7612,7614,7616,7618,7620,7622],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,7600,135],{"class":134},[60,7602,122],{"class":74},[60,7604,3823],{"class":1656},[60,7606,5475],{"class":74},[60,7608,256],{"class":255},[60,7610,7611],{"class":259},"name",[60,7613,256],{"class":255},[60,7615,166],{"class":74},[60,7617,267],{"class":255},[60,7619,1568],{"class":259},[60,7621,256],{"class":255},[60,7623,5484],{"class":74},[20,7625,318],{},[51,7627,7629],{"className":53,"code":7628,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,7630,7631,7635,7639,7643,7647,7651],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7632,7633],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7634,3933],{"class":685},[60,7636,7637],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,7638,3933],{"class":685},[60,7640,7641],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,7642,3933],{"class":685},[60,7644,7645],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,7646,3933],{"class":685},[60,7648,7649],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,7650,3933],{"class":685},[60,7652,7653],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,7654,3933],{"class":685},[20,7656,7657],{},"One important example is this:",[51,7659,7661],{"className":53,"code":7660,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,7662,7663],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7664,7665,7667,7669,7671,7673,7675,7677,7679],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7666,135],{"class":134},[60,7668,122],{"class":74},[60,7670,3823],{"class":1656},[60,7672,122],{"class":74},[60,7674,256],{"class":255},[60,7676,1463],{"class":259},[60,7678,256],{"class":255},[60,7680,315],{"class":74},[20,7682,318],{},[51,7684,7685],{"className":53,"code":3933,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,7686,7687],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7688,7689],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7690,3933],{"class":685},[20,7692,7693,7694,7696,7697,115],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,7695,6622],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,7698,547],{},[46,7700,7702],{"id":7701},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,7704,7705,7706,7708],{},"You can use ",[15,7707,3769],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[553,7710,7712],{"id":7711},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[51,7714,7716],{"className":53,"code":7715,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7717,7718,7738],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7719,7720,7722,7724,7726,7728,7730,7732,7734,7736],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7721,777],{"class":66},[60,7723,71],{"class":70},[60,7725,75],{"class":74},[60,7727,873],{"class":78},[60,7729,82],{"class":74},[60,7731,878],{"class":78},[60,7733,82],{"class":74},[60,7735,888],{"class":78},[60,7737,101],{"class":74},[60,7739,7740,7742,7744,7746,7748,7750],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,7741,135],{"class":134},[60,7743,122],{"class":74},[60,7745,3823],{"class":1656},[60,7747,122],{"class":74},[60,7749,828],{"class":118},[60,7751,315],{"class":74},[20,7753,318],{},[51,7755,7756],{"className":53,"code":3933,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,7757,7758],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7759,7760],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7761,3933],{"class":685},[20,7763,7764],{},"With an empty list:",[51,7766,7768],{"className":53,"code":7767,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7769,7770,7779],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7771,7772,7774,7776],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7773,777],{"class":66},[60,7775,71],{"class":70},[60,7777,7778],{"class":74}," []\n",[60,7780,7781,7783,7785,7787,7789,7791],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,7782,135],{"class":134},[60,7784,122],{"class":74},[60,7786,3823],{"class":1656},[60,7788,122],{"class":74},[60,7790,828],{"class":118},[60,7792,315],{"class":74},[20,7794,318],{},[51,7796,7797],{"className":53,"code":3994,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,7798,7799],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7800,7801],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7802,3994],{"class":685},[553,7804,7806],{"id":7805},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[51,7808,7810],{"className":53,"code":7809,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7811,7812,7822],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7813,7814,7817,7819],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7815,7816],{"class":66},"name ",[60,7818,71],{"class":70},[60,7820,7821],{"class":255}," \"\"\n",[60,7823,7824,7826,7828,7830,7832,7834],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,7825,135],{"class":134},[60,7827,122],{"class":74},[60,7829,3823],{"class":1656},[60,7831,122],{"class":74},[60,7833,7611],{"class":118},[60,7835,315],{"class":74},[20,7837,318],{},[51,7839,7840],{"className":53,"code":3994,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,7841,7842],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7843,7844],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7845,3994],{"class":685},[51,7847,7849],{"className":53,"code":7848,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7850,7851,7864],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7852,7853,7855,7857,7859,7862],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7854,7816],{"class":66},[60,7856,71],{"class":70},[60,7858,267],{"class":255},[60,7860,7861],{"class":259},"Mia",[60,7863,3320],{"class":255},[60,7865,7866,7868,7870,7872,7874,7876],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,7867,135],{"class":134},[60,7869,122],{"class":74},[60,7871,3823],{"class":1656},[60,7873,122],{"class":74},[60,7875,7611],{"class":118},[60,7877,315],{"class":74},[20,7879,318],{},[51,7881,7882],{"className":53,"code":3933,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,7883,7884],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7885,7886],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7887,3933],{"class":685},[553,7889,7891],{"id":7890},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[51,7893,7895],{"className":53,"code":7894,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,7896,7897,7911,7928,7932],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7898,7899,7902,7904,7906,7909],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7900,7901],{"class":66},"username ",[60,7903,71],{"class":70},[60,7905,267],{"class":255},[60,7907,7908],{"class":259},"alex",[60,7910,3320],{"class":255},[60,7912,7913,7916,7918,7921,7923,7926],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,7914,7915],{"class":66},"has_name ",[60,7917,71],{"class":70},[60,7919,7920],{"class":1656}," bool",[60,7922,122],{"class":74},[60,7924,7925],{"class":118},"username",[60,7927,128],{"class":74},[60,7929,7930],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,7931,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,7933,7934,7936,7938,7941],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,7935,135],{"class":134},[60,7937,122],{"class":74},[60,7939,7940],{"class":118},"has_name",[60,7942,128],{"class":74},[20,7944,318],{},[51,7946,7947],{"className":53,"code":3933,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,7948,7949],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7950,7951],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7952,3933],{"class":685},[20,7954,7955,7956,1460,7958,7960],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,7957,547],{},[15,7959,1463],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[553,7962,7964],{"id":7963},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,7966,7967],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[51,7969,7971],{"className":53,"code":7970,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,7972,7973,7993,7997,8005],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7974,7975,7977,7979,7981,7983,7985,7987,7989,7991],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7976,67],{"class":66},[60,7978,71],{"class":70},[60,7980,75],{"class":74},[60,7982,79],{"class":78},[60,7984,82],{"class":74},[60,7986,85],{"class":78},[60,7988,82],{"class":74},[60,7990,94],{"class":78},[60,7992,101],{"class":74},[60,7994,7995],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,7996,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,7998,7999,8001,8003],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,8000,6939],{"class":1537},[60,8002,112],{"class":66},[60,8004,1712],{"class":74},[60,8006,8007,8009,8011,8013,8016,8018],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,8008,1718],{"class":134},[60,8010,122],{"class":74},[60,8012,256],{"class":255},[60,8014,8015],{"class":259},"The list is not empty",[60,8017,256],{"class":255},[60,8019,128],{"class":74},[20,8021,318],{},[51,8023,8025],{"className":53,"code":8024,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"The list is not empty\n",[15,8026,8027],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8028,8029,8031,8034,8037,8040],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8030,1947],{"class":66},[60,8032,8033],{"class":1656},"list",[60,8035,8036],{"class":70}," is",[60,8038,8039],{"class":70}," not",[60,8041,8042],{"class":66}," empty\n",[20,8044,8045,8046,115],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[260,8047,8049],{"href":8048},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[46,8051,8053],{"id":8052},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,8055,8056,8057,8059],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,8058,3769],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,8061,8062],{},"It does not do that.",[553,8064,8066,2361,8069],{"id":8065},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,8067,8068],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,8070,547],{},[51,8072,8073],{"className":53,"code":7660,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,8074,8075],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8076,8077,8079,8081,8083,8085,8087,8089,8091],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8078,135],{"class":134},[60,8080,122],{"class":74},[60,8082,3823],{"class":1656},[60,8084,122],{"class":74},[60,8086,256],{"class":255},[60,8088,1463],{"class":259},[60,8090,256],{"class":255},[60,8092,315],{"class":74},[20,8094,318],{},[51,8096,8097],{"className":53,"code":3933,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,8098,8099],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8100,8101],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8102,3933],{"class":685},[553,8104,8106,2361,8109],{"id":8105},"bool0-returns-true",[15,8107,8108],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,8110,547],{},[51,8112,8114],{"className":53,"code":8113,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,8115,8116],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8117,8118,8120,8122,8124,8126,8128,8130,8132],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8119,135],{"class":134},[60,8121,122],{"class":74},[60,8123,3823],{"class":1656},[60,8125,122],{"class":74},[60,8127,256],{"class":255},[60,8129,195],{"class":259},[60,8131,256],{"class":255},[60,8133,315],{"class":74},[20,8135,318],{},[51,8137,8138],{"className":53,"code":3933,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,8139,8140],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8141,8142],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8143,3933],{"class":685},[20,8145,8146,8147,115],{},"This happens because both values are ",[3698,8148,7489],{},[20,8150,8151,8153],{},[15,8152,3769],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,8155,8156,8157,8162,8163,8165],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[260,8158,8160],{"href":8159},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,8161,2918],{},", because ",[15,8164,2918],{}," always returns a string.",[20,8167,238],{},[51,8169,8171],{"className":53,"code":8170,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,8172,8173,8194],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8174,8175,8178,8180,8183,8185,8187,8190,8192],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8176,8177],{"class":66},"user_value ",[60,8179,71],{"class":70},[60,8181,8182],{"class":134}," input",[60,8184,122],{"class":74},[60,8186,256],{"class":255},[60,8188,8189],{"class":259},"Enter True or False: ",[60,8191,256],{"class":255},[60,8193,128],{"class":74},[60,8195,8196,8198,8200,8202,8204,8207],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,8197,135],{"class":134},[60,8199,122],{"class":74},[60,8201,3823],{"class":1656},[60,8203,122],{"class":74},[60,8205,8206],{"class":118},"user_value",[60,8208,315],{"class":74},[20,8210,8211,8212,8214,8215,8162,8217,8219],{},"If the user types ",[15,8213,1463],{},", the result will still be ",[15,8216,547],{},[15,8218,6622],{}," is not empty.",[46,8221,8223],{"id":8222},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,8225,8226,8227,8229,8230,8232],{},"In many ",[15,8228,6939],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,8231,3769],{}," yourself.",[20,8234,8235],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,8237,8238],{},"Instead of this:",[51,8240,8242],{"className":53,"code":8241,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8243,8244,8265,8269,8282],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8245,8246,8249,8251,8253,8255,8257,8259,8261,8263],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8247,8248],{"class":66},"my_list ",[60,8250,71],{"class":70},[60,8252,75],{"class":74},[60,8254,79],{"class":78},[60,8256,82],{"class":74},[60,8258,85],{"class":78},[60,8260,82],{"class":74},[60,8262,94],{"class":78},[60,8264,101],{"class":74},[60,8266,8267],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,8268,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,8270,8271,8273,8275,8277,8279],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,8272,6939],{"class":1537},[60,8274,7920],{"class":1656},[60,8276,122],{"class":74},[60,8278,212],{"class":118},[60,8280,8281],{"class":74},"):\n",[60,8283,8284,8286,8288,8290,8293,8295],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,8285,1718],{"class":134},[60,8287,122],{"class":74},[60,8289,256],{"class":255},[60,8291,8292],{"class":259},"List has items",[60,8294,256],{"class":255},[60,8296,128],{"class":74},[20,8298,8299],{},"You can simply write:",[51,8301,8303],{"className":53,"code":8302,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8304,8305,8325,8329,8337],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8306,8307,8309,8311,8313,8315,8317,8319,8321,8323],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8308,8248],{"class":66},[60,8310,71],{"class":70},[60,8312,75],{"class":74},[60,8314,79],{"class":78},[60,8316,82],{"class":74},[60,8318,85],{"class":78},[60,8320,82],{"class":74},[60,8322,94],{"class":78},[60,8324,101],{"class":74},[60,8326,8327],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,8328,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,8330,8331,8333,8335],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,8332,6939],{"class":1537},[60,8334,1695],{"class":66},[60,8336,1712],{"class":74},[60,8338,8339,8341,8343,8345,8347,8349],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,8340,1718],{"class":134},[60,8342,122],{"class":74},[60,8344,256],{"class":255},[60,8346,8292],{"class":259},[60,8348,256],{"class":255},[60,8350,128],{"class":74},[20,8352,8353],{},"Both examples work.",[20,8355,8356,8357,8359],{},"Using ",[15,8358,3769],{}," is still helpful when:",[30,8361,8362,8365,8373],{},[33,8363,8364],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[33,8366,8367,8368,1460,8370,8372],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,8369,547],{},[15,8371,1463],{}," value",[33,8374,8375],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,8377,8378,8379,115],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[260,8380,8381],{"href":2263},"Python type() function explained",[46,8383,1351],{"id":1350},[20,8385,1354,8386,115],{},[15,8387,3769],{},[553,8389,1454,8391,1457,8393],{"id":8390},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false",[15,8392,8068],{},[15,8394,1463],{},[20,8396,8397],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[51,8399,8400],{"className":53,"code":7660,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,8401,8402],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8403,8404,8406,8408,8410,8412,8414,8416,8418],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8405,135],{"class":134},[60,8407,122],{"class":74},[60,8409,3823],{"class":1656},[60,8411,122],{"class":74},[60,8413,256],{"class":255},[60,8415,1463],{"class":259},[60,8417,256],{"class":255},[60,8419,315],{"class":74},[20,8421,318],{},[51,8423,8424],{"className":53,"code":3933,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,8425,8426],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8427,8428],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8429,3933],{"class":685},[20,8431,8432,8433,6623],{},"Why? Because ",[15,8434,6622],{},[20,8436,8437],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[51,8439,8441],{"className":53,"code":8440,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,8442,8443,8455],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8444,8445,8447,8449,8451,8453],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8446,1690],{"class":66},[60,8448,71],{"class":70},[60,8450,267],{"class":255},[60,8452,1463],{"class":259},[60,8454,3320],{"class":255},[60,8456,8457,8459,8461,8463,8465,8467,8469,8471],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,8458,135],{"class":134},[60,8460,122],{"class":74},[60,8462,1690],{"class":118},[60,8464,4639],{"class":70},[60,8466,267],{"class":255},[60,8468,547],{"class":259},[60,8470,256],{"class":255},[60,8472,128],{"class":74},[20,8474,318],{},[51,8476,8477],{"className":53,"code":3994,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,8478,8479],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8480,8481],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8482,3994],{"class":685},[553,8484,8486],{"id":8485},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,8488,8489,8491],{},[15,8490,2918],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[51,8493,8495],{"className":53,"code":8494,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8496,8497,8516],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8498,8499,8501,8503,8505,8507,8509,8512,8514],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8500,1690],{"class":66},[60,8502,71],{"class":70},[60,8504,8182],{"class":134},[60,8506,122],{"class":74},[60,8508,256],{"class":255},[60,8510,8511],{"class":259},"Enter yes or no: ",[60,8513,256],{"class":255},[60,8515,128],{"class":74},[60,8517,8518,8520,8522,8524,8526,8528],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,8519,135],{"class":134},[60,8521,122],{"class":74},[60,8523,3823],{"class":1656},[60,8525,122],{"class":74},[60,8527,221],{"class":118},[60,8529,315],{"class":74},[20,8531,8211,8532,8534,8535,8537,8538,8219],{},[15,8533,1272],{},", the result is still ",[15,8536,547],{}," because ",[15,8539,8540],{},"\"no\"",[20,8542,8543],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[51,8545,8547],{"className":53,"code":8546,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,8548,8549,8580],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8550,8551,8553,8555,8557,8559,8561,8563,8565,8568,8571,8574,8577],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8552,1690],{"class":66},[60,8554,71],{"class":70},[60,8556,8182],{"class":134},[60,8558,122],{"class":74},[60,8560,256],{"class":255},[60,8562,8511],{"class":259},[60,8564,256],{"class":255},[60,8566,8567],{"class":74},").",[60,8569,8570],{"class":118},"strip",[60,8572,8573],{"class":74},"().",[60,8575,8576],{"class":118},"lower",[60,8578,8579],{"class":74},"()\n",[60,8581,8582,8584,8586,8588,8590,8592,8594,8596],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,8583,135],{"class":134},[60,8585,122],{"class":74},[60,8587,1690],{"class":118},[60,8589,4639],{"class":70},[60,8591,267],{"class":255},[60,8593,1263],{"class":259},[60,8595,256],{"class":255},[60,8597,128],{"class":74},[20,8599,8600,8601,8603,8604,115],{},"This gives ",[15,8602,547],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,8605,1263],{},[553,8607,8609],{"id":8608},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,8611,8612],{},"These are different:",[30,8614,8615,8619,8623,8627,8631],{},[33,8616,8617],{},[15,8618,1463],{},[33,8620,8621],{},[15,8622,195],{},[33,8624,8625],{},[15,8626,6213],{},[33,8628,8629],{},[15,8630,3743],{},[33,8632,8633],{},[15,8634,3734],{},[20,8636,8637,8638,8640,8641,8643],{},"They all become ",[15,8639,1463],{}," with ",[15,8642,3769],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,8645,8646],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[51,8648,8650],{"className":53,"code":8649,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8651,8652,8660,8674],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8653,8654,8656,8658],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8655,1690],{"class":66},[60,8657,71],{"class":70},[60,8659,7778],{"class":74},[60,8661,8662,8664,8666,8668,8670,8672],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,8663,135],{"class":134},[60,8665,122],{"class":74},[60,8667,1657],{"class":1656},[60,8669,122],{"class":74},[60,8671,221],{"class":118},[60,8673,315],{"class":74},[60,8675,8676,8678,8680,8682,8684,8686],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,8677,135],{"class":134},[60,8679,122],{"class":74},[60,8681,3823],{"class":1656},[60,8683,122],{"class":74},[60,8685,221],{"class":118},[60,8687,315],{"class":74},[20,8689,318],{},[51,8691,8693],{"className":53,"code":8692,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,8694,8695,8709],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8696,8697,8699,8701,8703,8705,8707],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8698,3250],{"class":70},[60,8700,3253],{"class":2033},[60,8702,3256],{"class":255},[60,8704,8033],{"class":259},[60,8706,3261],{"class":255},[60,8708,3264],{"class":70},[60,8710,8711],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,8712,3994],{"class":685},[553,8714,8356,8716,8718],{"id":8715},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,8717,3748],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,8720,1829,8721,8723],{},[15,8722,3748],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[51,8725,8727],{"className":53,"code":8726,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(type({}))\n",[15,8728,8729],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8730,8731,8733,8735,8737],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8732,135],{"class":134},[60,8734,122],{"class":74},[60,8736,1657],{"class":1656},[60,8738,7400],{"class":74},[20,8740,318],{},[51,8742,8744],{"className":53,"code":8743,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,8745,8746],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8747,8748,8750,8752,8754,8757,8759],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8749,3250],{"class":70},[60,8751,3253],{"class":2033},[60,8753,3256],{"class":255},[60,8755,8756],{"class":259},"dict",[60,8758,3261],{"class":255},[60,8760,3264],{"class":70},[20,8762,8763],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[51,8765,8767],{"className":53,"code":8766,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,8768,8769],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8770,8771,8773,8775,8777,8779,8781],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8772,135],{"class":134},[60,8774,122],{"class":74},[60,8776,1657],{"class":1656},[60,8778,122],{"class":74},[60,8780,6228],{"class":1656},[60,8782,6231],{"class":74},[20,8784,318],{},[51,8786,8788],{"className":53,"code":8787,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,8789,8790],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8791,8792,8794,8796,8798,8800,8802],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8793,3250],{"class":70},[60,8795,3253],{"class":2033},[60,8797,3256],{"class":255},[60,8799,6228],{"class":259},[60,8801,3261],{"class":255},[60,8803,3264],{"class":70},[46,8805,8807],{"id":8806},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,8809,8810,8811,8813],{},"If ",[15,8812,3769],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[51,8815,8817],{"className":53,"code":8816,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,8818,8819,8833,8847,8857,8875],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8820,8821,8823,8825,8827,8829,8831],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8822,135],{"class":134},[60,8824,122],{"class":74},[60,8826,3823],{"class":1656},[60,8828,122],{"class":74},[60,8830,221],{"class":118},[60,8832,315],{"class":74},[60,8834,8835,8837,8839,8841,8843,8845],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,8836,135],{"class":134},[60,8838,122],{"class":74},[60,8840,1657],{"class":1656},[60,8842,122],{"class":74},[60,8844,221],{"class":118},[60,8846,315],{"class":74},[60,8848,8849,8851,8853,8855],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,8850,135],{"class":134},[60,8852,122],{"class":74},[60,8854,221],{"class":118},[60,8856,128],{"class":74},[60,8858,8859,8861,8863,8865,8867,8869,8871,8873],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,8860,135],{"class":134},[60,8862,122],{"class":74},[60,8864,1690],{"class":118},[60,8866,4639],{"class":70},[60,8868,267],{"class":255},[60,8870,547],{"class":259},[60,8872,256],{"class":255},[60,8874,128],{"class":74},[60,8876,8877,8879,8881,8883,8885,8887,8889,8891],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,8878,135],{"class":134},[60,8880,122],{"class":74},[60,8882,221],{"class":118},[60,8884,115],{"class":74},[60,8886,8570],{"class":118},[60,8888,8573],{"class":74},[60,8890,8576],{"class":118},[60,8892,7136],{"class":74},[20,8894,8895],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[30,8897,8898,8901,8904,8907],{},[33,8899,8900],{},"what the value really is",[33,8902,8903],{},"whether it is a string",[33,8905,8906],{},"whether it contains spaces",[33,8908,8909],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,8911,8912,8913,115],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[260,8914,8916],{"href":8915},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[46,8918,1773],{"id":1772},[553,8920,8922],{"id":8921},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,8924,8925,8926,1460,8928,115],{},"It returns either ",[15,8927,547],{},[15,8929,1463],{},[553,8931,8933],{"id":8932},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,8935,5096,8936,115],{},[15,8937,1463],{},[553,8939,8941],{"id":8940},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,8943,8944,8945,115],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,8946,547],{},[553,8948,8950],{"id":8949},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,8952,8953,8954,115],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,8955,1463],{},[553,8957,8959],{"id":8958},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,8961,8962,8963,1460,8965,3692],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,8964,547],{},[15,8966,1463],{},[46,8968,1842],{"id":1841},[30,8970,8971,8976,8980,8985,8989,8994],{},[33,8972,8973],{},[260,8974,8975],{"href":5723},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[33,8977,8978],{},[260,8979,8049],{"href":8048},[33,8981,8982],{},[260,8983,8984],{"href":8159},"Python input() function explained",[33,8986,8987],{},[260,8988,8381],{"href":2263},[33,8990,8991],{},[260,8992,8993],{"href":8915},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[33,8995,8996],{},[260,8997,8998],{"href":7152},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[1885,9000,9001],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":9003},[9004,9005,9006,9007,9008,9009,9015,9021,9022,9030,9031,9038],{"id":48,"depth":104,"text":49},{"id":7089,"depth":104,"text":7090},{"id":7156,"depth":104,"text":7157},{"id":7275,"depth":104,"text":7276},{"id":7470,"depth":104,"text":7471},{"id":7701,"depth":104,"text":7702,"children":9010},[9011,9012,9013,9014],{"id":7711,"depth":131,"text":7712},{"id":7805,"depth":131,"text":7806},{"id":7890,"depth":131,"text":7891},{"id":7963,"depth":131,"text":7964},{"id":8052,"depth":104,"text":8053,"children":9016},[9017,9019],{"id":8065,"depth":131,"text":9018},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8105,"depth":131,"text":9020},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8222,"depth":104,"text":8223},{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351,"children":9023},[9024,9026,9027,9028],{"id":8390,"depth":131,"text":9025},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8485,"depth":131,"text":8486},{"id":8608,"depth":131,"text":8609},{"id":8715,"depth":131,"text":9029},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":8806,"depth":104,"text":8807},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":9032},[9033,9034,9035,9036,9037],{"id":8921,"depth":131,"text":8922},{"id":8932,"depth":131,"text":8933},{"id":8940,"depth":131,"text":8941},{"id":8949,"depth":131,"text":8950},{"id":8958,"depth":131,"text":8959},{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":6916,"description":9039},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":9046,"title":9047,"body":9048,"description":11240,"extension":1930,"meta":11241,"navigation":421,"path":11242,"seo":11243,"stem":11244,"__hash__":11245},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":9049,"toc":11202},[9050,9056,9062,9069,9074,9085,9092,9200,9204,9273,9278,9283,9288,9291,9302,9307,9310,9321,9328,9330,9335,9339,9364,9368,9377,9381,9444,9448,9481,9485,9530,9534,9571,9575,9578,9634,9638,9683,9686,9691,9730,9734,9757,9760,9774,9787,9791,9796,9863,9867,9903,9906,9914,9917,9981,9985,10017,10023,10025,10085,10092,10095,10173,10177,10210,10214,10217,10261,10265,10301,10304,10321,10324,10327,10380,10383,10394,10401,10410,10413,10471,10475,10516,10524,10532,10538,10546,10558,10563,10574,10647,10650,10662,10677,10681,10686,10690,10692,10735,10741,10744,10807,10811,10814,10823,10828,10865,10869,10872,10880,10883,10922,10926,10929,10980,10984,11005,11012,11014,11020,11046,11049,11104,11107,11118,11120,11127,11135,11141,11146,11153,11156,11163,11170,11172,11199],[10,9051,1875,9053,3541],{"id":9052},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,9054,9055],{},"dict()",[20,9057,9058,9059,9061],{},"The built-in ",[15,9060,9055],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,9063,9064,9065,9068],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[3698,9066,9067],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,9070,9071,9073],{},[15,9072,9055],{}," is commonly used to:",[30,9075,9076,9079,9082],{},[33,9077,9078],{},"create an empty dictionary",[33,9080,9081],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[33,9083,9084],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9086,9087,9088,115],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[260,9089,9091],{"href":9090},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[51,9093,9095],{"className":53,"code":9094,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,9096,9097,9131,9142,9146,9185],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9098,9099,9101,9103,9106,9108,9111,9113,9115,9117,9119,9121,9124,9126,9129],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9100,1127],{"class":66},[60,9102,71],{"class":70},[60,9104,9105],{"class":1656}," dict",[60,9107,122],{"class":74},[60,9109,7611],{"class":9110},"s99_P",[60,9112,71],{"class":70},[60,9114,3261],{"class":255},[60,9116,4952],{"class":259},[60,9118,3261],{"class":255},[60,9120,82],{"class":74},[60,9122,9123],{"class":9110}," age",[60,9125,71],{"class":70},[60,9127,9128],{"class":78},"25",[60,9130,128],{"class":74},[60,9132,9133,9135,9137,9140],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,9134,135],{"class":134},[60,9136,122],{"class":74},[60,9138,9139],{"class":118},"data",[60,9141,128],{"class":74},[60,9143,9144],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,9145,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,9147,9148,9151,9153,9156,9158,9160,9162,9164,9166,9169,9172,9174,9176,9178,9180,9182],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,9149,9150],{"class":66},"pairs ",[60,9152,71],{"class":70},[60,9154,9155],{"class":74}," [(",[60,9157,3261],{"class":255},[60,9159,260],{"class":259},[60,9161,3261],{"class":255},[60,9163,82],{"class":74},[60,9165,695],{"class":78},[60,9167,9168],{"class":74},"),",[60,9170,9171],{"class":74}," (",[60,9173,3261],{"class":255},[60,9175,270],{"class":259},[60,9177,3261],{"class":255},[60,9179,82],{"class":74},[60,9181,85],{"class":78},[60,9183,9184],{"class":74},")]\n",[60,9186,9187,9189,9191,9193,9195,9198],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,9188,135],{"class":134},[60,9190,122],{"class":74},[60,9192,8756],{"class":1656},[60,9194,122],{"class":74},[60,9196,9197],{"class":118},"pairs",[60,9199,315],{"class":74},[20,9201,9202],{},[3698,9203,318],{},[51,9205,9207],{"className":53,"code":9206,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9208,9209,9245],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9210,9211,9214,9216,9218,9220,9222,9224,9226,9228,9230,9232,9235,9237,9239,9242],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9212,9213],{"class":74},"{",[60,9215,3261],{"class":255},[60,9217,7611],{"class":259},[60,9219,3261],{"class":255},[60,9221,166],{"class":74},[60,9223,3256],{"class":255},[60,9225,4952],{"class":259},[60,9227,3261],{"class":255},[60,9229,82],{"class":74},[60,9231,3256],{"class":255},[60,9233,9234],{"class":259},"age",[60,9236,3261],{"class":255},[60,9238,166],{"class":74},[60,9240,9241],{"class":78}," 25",[60,9243,9244],{"class":74},"}\n",[60,9246,9247,9249,9251,9253,9255,9257,9259,9261,9263,9265,9267,9269,9271],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,9248,9213],{"class":74},[60,9250,3261],{"class":255},[60,9252,260],{"class":259},[60,9254,3261],{"class":255},[60,9256,166],{"class":74},[60,9258,695],{"class":78},[60,9260,82],{"class":74},[60,9262,3256],{"class":255},[60,9264,270],{"class":259},[60,9266,3261],{"class":255},[60,9268,166],{"class":74},[60,9270,85],{"class":78},[60,9272,9244],{"class":74},[20,9274,150,9275,9277],{},[15,9276,9055],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[46,9279,158,9281,161],{"id":9280},"what-dict-does",[15,9282,9055],{},[20,9284,9285,9287],{},[15,9286,9055],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,9289,9290],{},"A dictionary:",[30,9292,9293,9296,9299],{},[33,9294,9295],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[33,9297,9298],{},"lets you look up values by key",[33,9300,9301],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,9303,9304,9306],{},[15,9305,9055],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,9308,9309],{},"Common uses include:",[30,9311,9312,9315,9318],{},[33,9313,9314],{},"making an empty dictionary",[33,9316,9317],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[33,9319,9320],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9322,9323,9324,115],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[260,9325,9327],{"href":9326},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[46,9329,199],{"id":198},[20,9331,9332,9334],{},[15,9333,9055],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[553,9336,9338],{"id":9337},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[51,9340,9342],{"className":53,"code":9341,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,9343,9344,9354],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9345,9346,9348,9350,9352],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9347,1127],{"class":66},[60,9349,71],{"class":70},[60,9351,9105],{"class":1656},[60,9353,8579],{"class":74},[60,9355,9356,9358,9360,9362],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,9357,135],{"class":134},[60,9359,122],{"class":74},[60,9361,9139],{"class":118},[60,9363,128],{"class":74},[20,9365,9366],{},[3698,9367,318],{},[51,9369,9371],{"className":53,"code":9370,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{}\n",[15,9372,9373],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9374,9375],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9376,9370],{"class":74},[553,9378,9380],{"id":9379},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[51,9382,9384],{"className":53,"code":9383,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9385,9386,9420,9434],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9387,9388,9390,9392,9394,9396,9398,9400,9402,9404,9406,9408,9410,9412,9414,9416,9418],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9389,9150],{"class":66},[60,9391,71],{"class":70},[60,9393,9155],{"class":74},[60,9395,3261],{"class":255},[60,9397,260],{"class":259},[60,9399,3261],{"class":255},[60,9401,82],{"class":74},[60,9403,695],{"class":78},[60,9405,9168],{"class":74},[60,9407,9171],{"class":74},[60,9409,3261],{"class":255},[60,9411,270],{"class":259},[60,9413,3261],{"class":255},[60,9415,82],{"class":74},[60,9417,85],{"class":78},[60,9419,9184],{"class":74},[60,9421,9422,9424,9426,9428,9430,9432],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,9423,1127],{"class":66},[60,9425,71],{"class":70},[60,9427,9105],{"class":1656},[60,9429,122],{"class":74},[60,9431,9197],{"class":118},[60,9433,128],{"class":74},[60,9435,9436,9438,9440,9442],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,9437,135],{"class":134},[60,9439,122],{"class":74},[60,9441,9139],{"class":118},[60,9443,128],{"class":74},[20,9445,9446],{},[3698,9447,318],{},[51,9449,9451],{"className":53,"code":9450,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9452,9453],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9454,9455,9457,9459,9461,9463,9465,9467,9469,9471,9473,9475,9477,9479],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9456,9213],{"class":74},[60,9458,3261],{"class":255},[60,9460,260],{"class":259},[60,9462,3261],{"class":255},[60,9464,166],{"class":74},[60,9466,695],{"class":78},[60,9468,82],{"class":74},[60,9470,3256],{"class":255},[60,9472,270],{"class":259},[60,9474,3261],{"class":255},[60,9476,166],{"class":74},[60,9478,85],{"class":78},[60,9480,9244],{"class":74},[553,9482,9484],{"id":9483},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[51,9486,9488],{"className":53,"code":9487,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9489,9490,9520],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9491,9492,9494,9496,9498,9500,9502,9504,9506,9508,9510,9512,9514,9516,9518],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9493,1127],{"class":66},[60,9495,71],{"class":70},[60,9497,9105],{"class":1656},[60,9499,122],{"class":74},[60,9501,7611],{"class":9110},[60,9503,71],{"class":70},[60,9505,3261],{"class":255},[60,9507,4952],{"class":259},[60,9509,3261],{"class":255},[60,9511,82],{"class":74},[60,9513,9123],{"class":9110},[60,9515,71],{"class":70},[60,9517,9128],{"class":78},[60,9519,128],{"class":74},[60,9521,9522,9524,9526,9528],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,9523,135],{"class":134},[60,9525,122],{"class":74},[60,9527,9139],{"class":118},[60,9529,128],{"class":74},[20,9531,9532],{},[3698,9533,318],{},[51,9535,9537],{"className":53,"code":9536,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,9538,9539],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9540,9541,9543,9545,9547,9549,9551,9553,9555,9557,9559,9561,9563,9565,9567,9569],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9542,9213],{"class":74},[60,9544,3261],{"class":255},[60,9546,7611],{"class":259},[60,9548,3261],{"class":255},[60,9550,166],{"class":74},[60,9552,3256],{"class":255},[60,9554,4952],{"class":259},[60,9556,3261],{"class":255},[60,9558,82],{"class":74},[60,9560,3256],{"class":255},[60,9562,9234],{"class":259},[60,9564,3261],{"class":255},[60,9566,166],{"class":74},[60,9568,9241],{"class":78},[60,9570,9244],{"class":74},[553,9572,9574],{"id":9573},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,9576,9577],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[51,9579,9581],{"className":53,"code":9580,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9582,9583,9624],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9584,9585,9587,9589,9591,9594,9596,9598,9600,9602,9604,9607,9609,9611,9613,9615,9618,9620,9622],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9586,1127],{"class":66},[60,9588,71],{"class":70},[60,9590,9105],{"class":1656},[60,9592,9593],{"class":74},"([(",[60,9595,3261],{"class":255},[60,9597,260],{"class":259},[60,9599,3261],{"class":255},[60,9601,82],{"class":74},[60,9603,695],{"class":78},[60,9605,9606],{"class":74},")],",[60,9608,2520],{"class":9110},[60,9610,71],{"class":70},[60,9612,125],{"class":78},[60,9614,82],{"class":74},[60,9616,9617],{"class":9110}," c",[60,9619,71],{"class":70},[60,9621,189],{"class":78},[60,9623,128],{"class":74},[60,9625,9626,9628,9630,9632],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,9627,135],{"class":134},[60,9629,122],{"class":74},[60,9631,9139],{"class":118},[60,9633,128],{"class":74},[20,9635,9636],{},[3698,9637,318],{},[51,9639,9641],{"className":53,"code":9640,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,9642,9643],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9644,9645,9647,9649,9651,9653,9655,9657,9659,9661,9663,9665,9667,9669,9671,9673,9675,9677,9679,9681],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9646,9213],{"class":74},[60,9648,3261],{"class":255},[60,9650,260],{"class":259},[60,9652,3261],{"class":255},[60,9654,166],{"class":74},[60,9656,695],{"class":78},[60,9658,82],{"class":74},[60,9660,3256],{"class":255},[60,9662,270],{"class":259},[60,9664,3261],{"class":255},[60,9666,166],{"class":74},[60,9668,85],{"class":78},[60,9670,82],{"class":74},[60,9672,3256],{"class":255},[60,9674,287],{"class":259},[60,9676,3261],{"class":255},[60,9678,166],{"class":74},[60,9680,94],{"class":78},[60,9682,9244],{"class":74},[46,9684,9338],{"id":9685},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,9687,150,9688,9690],{},[15,9689,9055],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[51,9692,9694],{"className":53,"code":9693,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,9695,9696,9706,9720],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9697,9698,9700,9702,9704],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9699,1127],{"class":66},[60,9701,71],{"class":70},[60,9703,9105],{"class":1656},[60,9705,8579],{"class":74},[60,9707,9708,9710,9712,9714,9716,9718],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,9709,135],{"class":134},[60,9711,122],{"class":74},[60,9713,1657],{"class":1656},[60,9715,122],{"class":74},[60,9717,9139],{"class":118},[60,9719,315],{"class":74},[60,9721,9722,9724,9726,9728],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,9723,135],{"class":134},[60,9725,122],{"class":74},[60,9727,9139],{"class":118},[60,9729,128],{"class":74},[20,9731,9732],{},[3698,9733,318],{},[51,9735,9737],{"className":53,"code":9736,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,9738,9739,9753],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9740,9741,9743,9745,9747,9749,9751],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9742,3250],{"class":70},[60,9744,3253],{"class":2033},[60,9746,3256],{"class":255},[60,9748,8756],{"class":259},[60,9750,3261],{"class":255},[60,9752,3264],{"class":70},[60,9754,9755],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,9756,9370],{"class":74},[20,9758,9759],{},"This gives the same result as:",[51,9761,9763],{"className":53,"code":9762,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {}\n",[15,9764,9765],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9766,9767,9769,9771],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9768,1127],{"class":66},[60,9770,71],{"class":70},[60,9772,9773],{"class":74}," {}\n",[20,9775,9776,9777,9779,9780,9783,9784,9786],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,9778,3748],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[9781,9782],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,9785,9055],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[46,9788,9790],{"id":9789},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,9792,9793,9794,115],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,9795,9055],{},[51,9797,9799],{"className":53,"code":9798,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9800,9801,9839,9853],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9802,9803,9805,9807,9809,9811,9813,9815,9817,9819,9821,9823,9825,9827,9829,9831,9833,9835,9837],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9804,9150],{"class":66},[60,9806,71],{"class":70},[60,9808,9155],{"class":74},[60,9810,3261],{"class":255},[60,9812,7611],{"class":259},[60,9814,3261],{"class":255},[60,9816,82],{"class":74},[60,9818,3256],{"class":255},[60,9820,4952],{"class":259},[60,9822,3261],{"class":255},[60,9824,9168],{"class":74},[60,9826,9171],{"class":74},[60,9828,3261],{"class":255},[60,9830,9234],{"class":259},[60,9832,3261],{"class":255},[60,9834,82],{"class":74},[60,9836,9241],{"class":78},[60,9838,9184],{"class":74},[60,9840,9841,9843,9845,9847,9849,9851],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,9842,1127],{"class":66},[60,9844,71],{"class":70},[60,9846,9105],{"class":1656},[60,9848,122],{"class":74},[60,9850,9197],{"class":118},[60,9852,128],{"class":74},[60,9854,9855,9857,9859,9861],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,9856,135],{"class":134},[60,9858,122],{"class":74},[60,9860,9139],{"class":118},[60,9862,128],{"class":74},[20,9864,9865],{},[3698,9866,318],{},[51,9868,9869],{"className":53,"code":9536,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,9870,9871],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9872,9873,9875,9877,9879,9881,9883,9885,9887,9889,9891,9893,9895,9897,9899,9901],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9874,9213],{"class":74},[60,9876,3261],{"class":255},[60,9878,7611],{"class":259},[60,9880,3261],{"class":255},[60,9882,166],{"class":74},[60,9884,3256],{"class":255},[60,9886,4952],{"class":259},[60,9888,3261],{"class":255},[60,9890,82],{"class":74},[60,9892,3256],{"class":255},[60,9894,9234],{"class":259},[60,9896,3261],{"class":255},[60,9898,166],{"class":74},[60,9900,9241],{"class":78},[60,9902,9244],{"class":74},[20,9904,9905],{},"Each pair becomes:",[30,9907,9908,9911],{},[33,9909,9910],{},"the first item as the key",[33,9912,9913],{},"the second item as the value",[20,9915,9916],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[51,9918,9920],{"className":53,"code":9919,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9921,9922,9957,9971],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9923,9924,9926,9928,9931,9933,9935,9937,9939,9941,9943,9945,9947,9949,9951,9953,9955],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9925,9150],{"class":66},[60,9927,71],{"class":70},[60,9929,9930],{"class":74}," ((",[60,9932,3261],{"class":255},[60,9934,260],{"class":259},[60,9936,3261],{"class":255},[60,9938,82],{"class":74},[60,9940,695],{"class":78},[60,9942,9168],{"class":74},[60,9944,9171],{"class":74},[60,9946,3261],{"class":255},[60,9948,270],{"class":259},[60,9950,3261],{"class":255},[60,9952,82],{"class":74},[60,9954,85],{"class":78},[60,9956,315],{"class":74},[60,9958,9959,9961,9963,9965,9967,9969],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,9960,1127],{"class":66},[60,9962,71],{"class":70},[60,9964,9105],{"class":1656},[60,9966,122],{"class":74},[60,9968,9197],{"class":118},[60,9970,128],{"class":74},[60,9972,9973,9975,9977,9979],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,9974,135],{"class":134},[60,9976,122],{"class":74},[60,9978,9139],{"class":118},[60,9980,128],{"class":74},[20,9982,9983],{},[3698,9984,318],{},[51,9986,9987],{"className":53,"code":9450,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,9988,9989],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9990,9991,9993,9995,9997,9999,10001,10003,10005,10007,10009,10011,10013,10015],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9992,9213],{"class":74},[60,9994,3261],{"class":255},[60,9996,260],{"class":259},[60,9998,3261],{"class":255},[60,10000,166],{"class":74},[60,10002,695],{"class":78},[60,10004,82],{"class":74},[60,10006,3256],{"class":255},[60,10008,270],{"class":259},[60,10010,3261],{"class":255},[60,10012,166],{"class":74},[60,10014,85],{"class":78},[60,10016,9244],{"class":74},[20,10018,10019,10020,115],{},"Each item must contain ",[3698,10021,10022],{},"exactly two elements",[20,10024,2797],{},[51,10026,10028],{"className":53,"code":10027,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,10029,10030,10070],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,10031,10032,10035,10037,10039,10041,10043,10045,10047,10049,10051,10054,10056,10058,10060,10062,10064,10066,10068],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,10033,10034],{"class":66},"bad_data ",[60,10036,71],{"class":70},[60,10038,9155],{"class":74},[60,10040,3261],{"class":255},[60,10042,260],{"class":259},[60,10044,3261],{"class":255},[60,10046,82],{"class":74},[60,10048,695],{"class":78},[60,10050,82],{"class":74},[60,10052,10053],{"class":78}," 100",[60,10055,9168],{"class":74},[60,10057,9171],{"class":74},[60,10059,3261],{"class":255},[60,10061,270],{"class":259},[60,10063,3261],{"class":255},[60,10065,82],{"class":74},[60,10067,85],{"class":78},[60,10069,9184],{"class":74},[60,10071,10072,10074,10076,10078,10080,10083],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,10073,107],{"class":66},[60,10075,71],{"class":70},[60,10077,9105],{"class":1656},[60,10079,122],{"class":74},[60,10081,10082],{"class":118},"bad_data",[60,10084,128],{"class":74},[20,10086,10087,10088,10091],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,10089,10090],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,10093,10094],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[51,10096,10098],{"className":53,"code":10097,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10099,10100,10149,10163],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,10101,10102,10104,10106,10108,10110,10112,10114,10116,10118,10120,10122,10124,10126,10128,10130,10133,10135,10137,10139,10141,10143,10145,10147],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,10103,9150],{"class":66},[60,10105,71],{"class":70},[60,10107,9155],{"class":74},[60,10109,3261],{"class":255},[60,10111,260],{"class":259},[60,10113,3261],{"class":255},[60,10115,82],{"class":74},[60,10117,695],{"class":78},[60,10119,9168],{"class":74},[60,10121,9171],{"class":74},[60,10123,3261],{"class":255},[60,10125,260],{"class":259},[60,10127,3261],{"class":255},[60,10129,82],{"class":74},[60,10131,10132],{"class":78}," 99",[60,10134,9168],{"class":74},[60,10136,9171],{"class":74},[60,10138,3261],{"class":255},[60,10140,270],{"class":259},[60,10142,3261],{"class":255},[60,10144,82],{"class":74},[60,10146,85],{"class":78},[60,10148,9184],{"class":74},[60,10150,10151,10153,10155,10157,10159,10161],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,10152,1127],{"class":66},[60,10154,71],{"class":70},[60,10156,9105],{"class":1656},[60,10158,122],{"class":74},[60,10160,9197],{"class":118},[60,10162,128],{"class":74},[60,10164,10165,10167,10169,10171],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,10166,135],{"class":134},[60,10168,122],{"class":74},[60,10170,9139],{"class":118},[60,10172,128],{"class":74},[20,10174,10175],{},[3698,10176,318],{},[51,10178,10180],{"className":53,"code":10179,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10181,10182],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,10183,10184,10186,10188,10190,10192,10194,10196,10198,10200,10202,10204,10206,10208],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,10185,9213],{"class":74},[60,10187,3261],{"class":255},[60,10189,260],{"class":259},[60,10191,3261],{"class":255},[60,10193,166],{"class":74},[60,10195,10132],{"class":78},[60,10197,82],{"class":74},[60,10199,3256],{"class":255},[60,10201,270],{"class":259},[60,10203,3261],{"class":255},[60,10205,166],{"class":74},[60,10207,85],{"class":78},[60,10209,9244],{"class":74},[46,10211,10213],{"id":10212},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,10215,10216],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[51,10218,10219],{"className":53,"code":9487,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,10220,10221,10251],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,10222,10223,10225,10227,10229,10231,10233,10235,10237,10239,10241,10243,10245,10247,10249],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,10224,1127],{"class":66},[60,10226,71],{"class":70},[60,10228,9105],{"class":1656},[60,10230,122],{"class":74},[60,10232,7611],{"class":9110},[60,10234,71],{"class":70},[60,10236,3261],{"class":255},[60,10238,4952],{"class":259},[60,10240,3261],{"class":255},[60,10242,82],{"class":74},[60,10244,9123],{"class":9110},[60,10246,71],{"class":70},[60,10248,9128],{"class":78},[60,10250,128],{"class":74},[60,10252,10253,10255,10257,10259],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,10254,135],{"class":134},[60,10256,122],{"class":74},[60,10258,9139],{"class":118},[60,10260,128],{"class":74},[20,10262,10263],{},[3698,10264,318],{},[51,10266,10267],{"className":53,"code":9536,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,10268,10269],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,10270,10271,10273,10275,10277,10279,10281,10283,10285,10287,10289,10291,10293,10295,10297,10299],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,10272,9213],{"class":74},[60,10274,3261],{"class":255},[60,10276,7611],{"class":259},[60,10278,3261],{"class":255},[60,10280,166],{"class":74},[60,10282,3256],{"class":255},[60,10284,4952],{"class":259},[60,10286,3261],{"class":255},[60,10288,82],{"class":74},[60,10290,3256],{"class":255},[60,10292,9234],{"class":259},[60,10294,3261],{"class":255},[60,10296,166],{"class":74},[60,10298,9241],{"class":78},[60,10300,9244],{"class":74},[20,10302,10303],{},"In this form:",[30,10305,10306,10314],{},[33,10307,10308,10310,10311],{},[15,10309,7611],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,10312,10313],{},"'name'",[33,10315,10316,10310,10318],{},[15,10317,9234],{},[15,10319,10320],{},"'age'",[20,10322,10323],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,10325,10326],{},"Valid examples:",[51,10328,10330],{"className":53,"code":10329,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10331,10332,10370],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,10333,10334,10336,10338,10340,10342,10345,10347,10349,10352,10354,10356,10359,10361,10363,10366,10368],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,10335,1127],{"class":66},[60,10337,71],{"class":70},[60,10339,9105],{"class":1656},[60,10341,122],{"class":74},[60,10343,10344],{"class":9110},"city",[60,10346,71],{"class":70},[60,10348,3261],{"class":255},[60,10350,10351],{"class":259},"Paris",[60,10353,3261],{"class":255},[60,10355,82],{"class":74},[60,10357,10358],{"class":9110}," country",[60,10360,71],{"class":70},[60,10362,3261],{"class":255},[60,10364,10365],{"class":259},"France",[60,10367,3261],{"class":255},[60,10369,128],{"class":74},[60,10371,10372,10374,10376,10378],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,10373,135],{"class":134},[60,10375,122],{"class":74},[60,10377,9139],{"class":118},[60,10379,128],{"class":74},[20,10381,10382],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[30,10384,10385,10388,10391],{},[33,10386,10387],{},"spaces",[33,10389,10390],{},"hyphens",[33,10392,10393],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,10395,10396,10397,10400],{},"For example, this is ",[3698,10398,10399],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[51,10402,10404],{"className":53,"code":10403,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,10405,10406],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,10407,10408],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,10409,10403],{"class":146},[20,10411,10412],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[51,10414,10416],{"className":53,"code":10415,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10417,10418,10461],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,10419,10420,10422,10424,10427,10429,10432,10434,10436,10438,10440,10442,10444,10446,10449,10451,10453,10455,10457,10459],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,10421,1127],{"class":66},[60,10423,71],{"class":70},[60,10425,10426],{"class":74}," {",[60,10428,3261],{"class":255},[60,10430,10431],{"class":259},"first-name",[60,10433,3261],{"class":255},[60,10435,166],{"class":74},[60,10437,3256],{"class":255},[60,10439,1568],{"class":259},[60,10441,3261],{"class":255},[60,10443,82],{"class":74},[60,10445,3256],{"class":255},[60,10447,10448],{"class":259},"first name",[60,10450,3261],{"class":255},[60,10452,166],{"class":74},[60,10454,3256],{"class":255},[60,10456,1568],{"class":259},[60,10458,3261],{"class":255},[60,10460,9244],{"class":74},[60,10462,10463,10465,10467,10469],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,10464,135],{"class":134},[60,10466,122],{"class":74},[60,10468,9139],{"class":118},[60,10470,128],{"class":74},[20,10472,10473],{},[3698,10474,318],{},[51,10476,10478],{"className":53,"code":10477,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,10479,10480],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,10481,10482,10484,10486,10488,10490,10492,10494,10496,10498,10500,10502,10504,10506,10508,10510,10512,10514],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,10483,9213],{"class":74},[60,10485,3261],{"class":255},[60,10487,10431],{"class":259},[60,10489,3261],{"class":255},[60,10491,166],{"class":74},[60,10493,3256],{"class":255},[60,10495,1568],{"class":259},[60,10497,3261],{"class":255},[60,10499,82],{"class":74},[60,10501,3256],{"class":255},[60,10503,10448],{"class":259},[60,10505,3261],{"class":255},[60,10507,166],{"class":74},[60,10509,3256],{"class":255},[60,10511,1568],{"class":259},[60,10513,3261],{"class":255},[60,10515,9244],{"class":74},[46,10517,10519,10521,10522],{"id":10518},"dict-vs",[15,10520,9055],{}," vs ",[15,10523,3748],{},[20,10525,10526,10527,544,10529,10531],{},"Both ",[15,10528,9055],{},[15,10530,3748],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[553,10533,150,10535,10537],{"id":10534},"use-when",[15,10536,3748],{}," when:",[30,10539,10540,10543],{},[33,10541,10542],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[33,10544,10545],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[51,10547,10548],{"className":53,"code":9762,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,10549,10550],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,10551,10552,10554,10556],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,10553,1127],{"class":66},[60,10555,71],{"class":70},[60,10557,9773],{"class":74},[553,10559,150,10561,10537],{"id":10560},"use-dict-when",[15,10562,9055],{},[30,10564,10565,10568,10571],{},[33,10566,10567],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[33,10569,10570],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[33,10572,10573],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[51,10575,10577],{"className":53,"code":10576,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,10578,10579,10616],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,10580,10581,10583,10585,10587,10589,10591,10593,10595,10597,10599,10601,10603,10605,10607,10609,10611,10613],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,10582,1127],{"class":66},[60,10584,71],{"class":70},[60,10586,9105],{"class":1656},[60,10588,9593],{"class":74},[60,10590,3261],{"class":255},[60,10592,260],{"class":259},[60,10594,3261],{"class":255},[60,10596,82],{"class":74},[60,10598,695],{"class":78},[60,10600,9168],{"class":74},[60,10602,9171],{"class":74},[60,10604,3261],{"class":255},[60,10606,270],{"class":259},[60,10608,3261],{"class":255},[60,10610,82],{"class":74},[60,10612,85],{"class":78},[60,10614,10615],{"class":74},")])\n",[60,10617,10618,10621,10623,10625,10627,10629,10631,10633,10635,10637,10639,10641,10643,10645],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,10619,10620],{"class":66},"info ",[60,10622,71],{"class":70},[60,10624,9105],{"class":1656},[60,10626,122],{"class":74},[60,10628,7611],{"class":9110},[60,10630,71],{"class":70},[60,10632,3261],{"class":255},[60,10634,4952],{"class":259},[60,10636,3261],{"class":255},[60,10638,82],{"class":74},[60,10640,9123],{"class":9110},[60,10642,71],{"class":70},[60,10644,9128],{"class":78},[60,10646,128],{"class":74},[20,10648,10649],{},"So:",[30,10651,10652,10657],{},[33,10653,10654,10656],{},[15,10655,3748],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[33,10658,10659,10661],{},[15,10660,9055],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,10663,10664,10665,10669,10670,115],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[260,10666,10668],{"href":10667},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[260,10671,10673,10674,1869],{"href":10672},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,10675,10676],{},"get()",[46,10678,10680],{"id":10679},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,10682,10683,10684,115],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,10685,9055],{},[553,10687,10689],{"id":10688},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,10691,4475],{},[51,10693,10695],{"className":53,"code":10694,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,10696,10697,10721],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,10698,10699,10701,10703,10705,10707,10709,10711,10713,10715,10717,10719],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,10700,777],{"class":66},[60,10702,71],{"class":70},[60,10704,75],{"class":74},[60,10706,3261],{"class":255},[60,10708,260],{"class":259},[60,10710,3261],{"class":255},[60,10712,82],{"class":74},[60,10714,3256],{"class":255},[60,10716,270],{"class":259},[60,10718,3261],{"class":255},[60,10720,101],{"class":74},[60,10722,10723,10725,10727,10729,10731,10733],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,10724,1127],{"class":66},[60,10726,71],{"class":70},[60,10728,9105],{"class":1656},[60,10730,122],{"class":74},[60,10732,828],{"class":118},[60,10734,128],{"class":74},[20,10736,10737,10738,115],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,10739,10740],{},"('a', 1)",[20,10742,10743],{},"Correct version:",[51,10745,10747],{"className":53,"code":10746,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10748,10749,10783,10797],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,10750,10751,10753,10755,10757,10759,10761,10763,10765,10767,10769,10771,10773,10775,10777,10779,10781],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,10752,777],{"class":66},[60,10754,71],{"class":70},[60,10756,9155],{"class":74},[60,10758,3261],{"class":255},[60,10760,260],{"class":259},[60,10762,3261],{"class":255},[60,10764,82],{"class":74},[60,10766,695],{"class":78},[60,10768,9168],{"class":74},[60,10770,9171],{"class":74},[60,10772,3261],{"class":255},[60,10774,270],{"class":259},[60,10776,3261],{"class":255},[60,10778,82],{"class":74},[60,10780,85],{"class":78},[60,10782,9184],{"class":74},[60,10784,10785,10787,10789,10791,10793,10795],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,10786,1127],{"class":66},[60,10788,71],{"class":70},[60,10790,9105],{"class":1656},[60,10792,122],{"class":74},[60,10794,828],{"class":118},[60,10796,128],{"class":74},[60,10798,10799,10801,10803,10805],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,10800,135],{"class":134},[60,10802,122],{"class":74},[60,10804,9139],{"class":118},[60,10806,128],{"class":74},[553,10808,10810],{"id":10809},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,10812,10813],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[51,10815,10817],{"className":53,"code":10816,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,10818,10819],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,10820,10821],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,10822,10816],{"class":146},[20,10824,10825,10826,166],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,10827,71],{},[51,10829,10831],{"className":53,"code":10830,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10832,10833,10855],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,10834,10835,10837,10839,10841,10843,10845,10847,10849,10851,10853],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,10836,1127],{"class":66},[60,10838,71],{"class":70},[60,10840,9105],{"class":1656},[60,10842,122],{"class":74},[60,10844,7611],{"class":9110},[60,10846,71],{"class":70},[60,10848,3261],{"class":255},[60,10850,4952],{"class":259},[60,10852,3261],{"class":255},[60,10854,128],{"class":74},[60,10856,10857,10859,10861,10863],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,10858,135],{"class":134},[60,10860,122],{"class":74},[60,10862,9139],{"class":118},[60,10864,128],{"class":74},[553,10866,10868],{"id":10867},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,10870,10871],{},"This will not work:",[51,10873,10874],{"className":53,"code":10403,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,10875,10876],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,10877,10878],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,10879,10403],{"class":146},[20,10881,10882],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[51,10884,10886],{"className":53,"code":10885,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10887,10888,10912],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,10889,10890,10892,10894,10896,10898,10900,10902,10904,10906,10908,10910],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,10891,1127],{"class":66},[60,10893,71],{"class":70},[60,10895,10426],{"class":74},[60,10897,3261],{"class":255},[60,10899,10431],{"class":259},[60,10901,3261],{"class":255},[60,10903,166],{"class":74},[60,10905,3256],{"class":255},[60,10907,1568],{"class":259},[60,10909,3261],{"class":255},[60,10911,9244],{"class":74},[60,10913,10914,10916,10918,10920],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,10915,135],{"class":134},[60,10917,122],{"class":74},[60,10919,9139],{"class":118},[60,10921,128],{"class":74},[553,10923,10925],{"id":10924},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,10927,10928],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[51,10930,10932],{"className":53,"code":10931,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,10933,10934,10970],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,10935,10936,10938,10940,10942,10944,10946,10948,10950,10952,10954,10956,10958,10960,10962,10964,10966,10968],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,10937,1127],{"class":66},[60,10939,71],{"class":70},[60,10941,9105],{"class":1656},[60,10943,9593],{"class":74},[60,10945,3261],{"class":255},[60,10947,2139],{"class":259},[60,10949,3261],{"class":255},[60,10951,82],{"class":74},[60,10953,695],{"class":78},[60,10955,9168],{"class":74},[60,10957,9171],{"class":74},[60,10959,3261],{"class":255},[60,10961,2139],{"class":259},[60,10963,3261],{"class":255},[60,10965,82],{"class":74},[60,10967,85],{"class":78},[60,10969,10615],{"class":74},[60,10971,10972,10974,10976,10978],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,10973,135],{"class":134},[60,10975,122],{"class":74},[60,10977,9139],{"class":118},[60,10979,128],{"class":74},[20,10981,10982],{},[3698,10983,318],{},[51,10985,10987],{"className":53,"code":10986,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,10988,10989],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,10990,10991,10993,10995,10997,10999,11001,11003],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,10992,9213],{"class":74},[60,10994,3261],{"class":255},[60,10996,2139],{"class":259},[60,10998,3261],{"class":255},[60,11000,166],{"class":74},[60,11002,85],{"class":78},[60,11004,9244],{"class":74},[20,11006,11007,11008,115],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[260,11009,11011],{"href":11010},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[46,11013,1351],{"id":1350},[20,11015,11016,11017,11019],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,11018,9055],{}," include:",[30,11021,11022,11032,11038,11041],{},[33,11023,11024,11025,11028,11029],{},"passing a list like ",[15,11026,11027],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[15,11030,11031],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[33,11033,11034,11035],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,11036,11037],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[33,11039,11040],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[33,11042,1761,11043,11045],{},[15,11044,9055],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,11047,11048],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[51,11050,11052],{"className":53,"code":11051,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,11053,11054,11068,11078,11089],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,11055,11056,11058,11060,11062,11064,11066],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,11057,135],{"class":134},[60,11059,122],{"class":74},[60,11061,1657],{"class":1656},[60,11063,122],{"class":74},[60,11065,9139],{"class":118},[60,11067,315],{"class":74},[60,11069,11070,11072,11074,11076],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,11071,135],{"class":134},[60,11073,122],{"class":74},[60,11075,9139],{"class":118},[60,11077,128],{"class":74},[60,11079,11080,11082,11084,11087],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,11081,135],{"class":134},[60,11083,122],{"class":74},[60,11085,11086],{"class":118},"list_of_pairs",[60,11088,128],{"class":74},[60,11090,11091,11093,11095,11098,11100,11102],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,11092,135],{"class":134},[60,11094,122],{"class":74},[60,11096,11097],{"class":134},"len",[60,11099,122],{"class":74},[60,11101,11086],{"class":118},[60,11103,315],{"class":74},[20,11105,11106],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[30,11108,11109,11112,11115],{},[33,11110,11111],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[33,11113,11114],{},"what data is being passed in",[33,11116,11117],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[46,11119,1773],{"id":1772},[553,11121,5126,11123,544,11125,1435],{"id":11122},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,11124,9055],{},[15,11126,3748],{},[20,11128,11129,11131,11132,11134],{},[15,11130,3748],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,11133,9055],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[553,11136,1796,11138,11140],{"id":11137},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,11139,9055],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,11142,11143,11144,115],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,11145,11031],{},[553,11147,1821,11149,11152],{"id":11148},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,11150,11151],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,11154,11155],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[553,11157,11159,11160,11162],{"id":11158},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,11161,9055],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,11164,11165,11166,11169],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,11167,11168],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[46,11171,1842],{"id":1841},[30,11173,11174,11179,11183,11188,11194],{},[33,11175,11176],{},[260,11177,11178],{"href":9326},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[33,11180,11181],{},[260,11182,9091],{"href":9090},[33,11184,11185],{},[260,11186,11187],{"href":10667},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[33,11189,11190],{},[260,11191,10673,11192,1869],{"href":10672},[15,11193,10676],{},[33,11195,11196],{},[260,11197,11198],{"href":11010},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[1885,11200,11201],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":11203},[11204,11206,11212,11213,11214,11215,11222,11228,11229,11239],{"id":9280,"depth":104,"text":11205},"What dict() does",{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199,"children":11207},[11208,11209,11210,11211],{"id":9337,"depth":131,"text":9338},{"id":9379,"depth":131,"text":9380},{"id":9483,"depth":131,"text":9484},{"id":9573,"depth":131,"text":9574},{"id":9685,"depth":104,"text":9338},{"id":9789,"depth":104,"text":9790},{"id":10212,"depth":104,"text":10213},{"id":10518,"depth":104,"text":11216,"children":11217},"dict() vs {}",[11218,11220],{"id":10534,"depth":131,"text":11219},"Use {} when:",{"id":10560,"depth":131,"text":11221},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10679,"depth":104,"text":10680,"children":11223},[11224,11225,11226,11227],{"id":10688,"depth":131,"text":10689},{"id":10809,"depth":131,"text":10810},{"id":10867,"depth":131,"text":10868},{"id":10924,"depth":131,"text":10925},{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":11230},[11231,11233,11235,11237],{"id":11122,"depth":131,"text":11232},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11137,"depth":131,"text":11234},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11148,"depth":131,"text":11236},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11158,"depth":131,"text":11238},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":9047,"description":11240},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11247,"title":11248,"body":11249,"description":12758,"extension":1930,"meta":12759,"navigation":421,"path":12760,"seo":12761,"stem":12762,"__hash__":12763},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11250,"toc":12727},[11251,11258,11264,11271,11273,11334,11339,11344,11349,11367,11370,11374,11376,11392,11395,11408,11412,11415,11549,11551,11618,11621,11637,11643,11649,11652,11734,11736,11750,11754,11760,11825,11827,11835,11838,11860,11866,11929,11935,11938,11952,11965,11969,11980,11985,11996,12003,12007,12013,12135,12137,12163,12166,12183,12186,12297,12299,12348,12350,12363,12372,12377,12382,12393,12395,12498,12521,12523,12527,12546,12549,12607,12610,12636,12638,12644,12647,12653,12657,12664,12672,12678,12681,12683,12724],[10,11252,11254,11255,18],{"id":11253},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,11256,11257],{},"clear()",[20,11259,11260,11263],{},[15,11261,11262],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,11265,11266,11267,11270],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[3698,11268,11269],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[46,11272,1972],{"id":1971},[51,11274,11276],{"className":53,"code":11275,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,11277,11278,11310,11321],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,11279,11280,11282,11284,11286,11288,11290,11292,11294,11296,11298,11300,11302,11304,11306,11308],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,11281,1127],{"class":66},[60,11283,71],{"class":70},[60,11285,10426],{"class":74},[60,11287,256],{"class":255},[60,11289,260],{"class":259},[60,11291,256],{"class":255},[60,11293,166],{"class":74},[60,11295,695],{"class":78},[60,11297,82],{"class":74},[60,11299,267],{"class":255},[60,11301,270],{"class":259},[60,11303,256],{"class":255},[60,11305,166],{"class":74},[60,11307,85],{"class":78},[60,11309,9244],{"class":74},[60,11311,11312,11314,11316,11319],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,11313,9139],{"class":66},[60,11315,115],{"class":74},[60,11317,11318],{"class":118},"clear",[60,11320,8579],{"class":74},[60,11322,11323,11325,11327,11329,11331],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,11324,135],{"class":134},[60,11326,122],{"class":74},[60,11328,9139],{"class":118},[60,11330,143],{"class":74},[60,11332,11333],{"class":146},"  # {}\n",[20,11335,11336,11338],{},[15,11337,11257],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[46,11340,158,11342,161],{"id":11341},"what-clear-does",[15,11343,11257],{},[20,11345,1947,11346,11348],{},[15,11347,11257],{}," method:",[30,11350,11351,11354,11357,11362],{},[33,11352,11353],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[33,11355,11356],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[33,11358,11359,11360],{},"Returns ",[15,11361,3734],{},[33,11363,11364,11365],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,11366,3748],{},[20,11368,11369],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,11371,9087,11372,115],{},[260,11373,9091],{"href":9090},[46,11375,199],{"id":198},[51,11377,11379],{"className":53,"code":11378,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,11380,11381],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,11382,11383,11386,11388,11390],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,11384,11385],{"class":66},"my_dict",[60,11387,115],{"class":74},[60,11389,11318],{"class":118},[60,11391,8579],{"class":74},[20,11393,11394],{},"Important points:",[30,11396,11397,11402,11405],{},[33,11398,11399,11401],{},[15,11400,11257],{}," takes no arguments",[33,11403,11404],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[33,11406,11407],{},"It empties that dictionary",[46,11409,11411],{"id":11410},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,11413,11414],{},"Here is a basic example:",[51,11416,11418],{"className":53,"code":11417,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,11419,11420,11430,11451,11465,11482,11486,11490,11510,11514,11525,11529],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,11421,11422,11425,11427],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,11423,11424],{"class":66},"user ",[60,11426,71],{"class":70},[60,11428,11429],{"class":74}," {\n",[60,11431,11432,11435,11437,11439,11441,11443,11446,11448],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,11433,11434],{"class":255},"    \"",[60,11436,7611],{"class":259},[60,11438,256],{"class":255},[60,11440,166],{"class":74},[60,11442,267],{"class":255},[60,11444,11445],{"class":259},"Maya",[60,11447,256],{"class":255},[60,11449,11450],{"class":74},",\n",[60,11452,11453,11455,11457,11459,11461,11463],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,11454,11434],{"class":255},[60,11456,9234],{"class":259},[60,11458,256],{"class":255},[60,11460,166],{"class":74},[60,11462,9241],{"class":78},[60,11464,11450],{"class":74},[60,11466,11467,11469,11471,11473,11475,11477,11480],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,11468,11434],{"class":255},[60,11470,10344],{"class":259},[60,11472,256],{"class":255},[60,11474,166],{"class":74},[60,11476,267],{"class":255},[60,11478,11479],{"class":259},"Berlin",[60,11481,3320],{"class":255},[60,11483,11484],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,11485,9244],{"class":74},[60,11487,11488],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,11489,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,11491,11492,11494,11496,11498,11501,11503,11505,11508],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,11493,135],{"class":134},[60,11495,122],{"class":74},[60,11497,256],{"class":255},[60,11499,11500],{"class":259},"Before:",[60,11502,256],{"class":255},[60,11504,82],{"class":74},[60,11506,11507],{"class":118}," user",[60,11509,128],{"class":74},[60,11511,11512],{"class":62,"line":6367},[60,11513,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,11515,11516,11519,11521,11523],{"class":62,"line":6373},[60,11517,11518],{"class":66},"user",[60,11520,115],{"class":74},[60,11522,11318],{"class":118},[60,11524,8579],{"class":74},[60,11526,11527],{"class":62,"line":6378},[60,11528,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,11530,11532,11534,11536,11538,11541,11543,11545,11547],{"class":62,"line":11531},11,[60,11533,135],{"class":134},[60,11535,122],{"class":74},[60,11537,256],{"class":255},[60,11539,11540],{"class":259},"After:",[60,11542,256],{"class":255},[60,11544,82],{"class":74},[60,11546,11507],{"class":118},[60,11548,128],{"class":74},[20,11550,5505],{},[51,11552,11554],{"className":53,"code":11553,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,11555,11556,11609],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,11557,11558,11561,11563,11565,11567,11569,11571,11573,11575,11577,11579,11581,11583,11585,11587,11589,11591,11593,11595,11597,11599,11601,11603,11605,11607],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,11559,11560],{"class":66},"Before",[60,11562,166],{"class":74},[60,11564,10426],{"class":74},[60,11566,3261],{"class":255},[60,11568,7611],{"class":259},[60,11570,3261],{"class":255},[60,11572,166],{"class":74},[60,11574,3256],{"class":255},[60,11576,11445],{"class":259},[60,11578,3261],{"class":255},[60,11580,82],{"class":74},[60,11582,3256],{"class":255},[60,11584,9234],{"class":259},[60,11586,3261],{"class":255},[60,11588,166],{"class":74},[60,11590,9241],{"class":78},[60,11592,82],{"class":74},[60,11594,3256],{"class":255},[60,11596,10344],{"class":259},[60,11598,3261],{"class":255},[60,11600,166],{"class":74},[60,11602,3256],{"class":255},[60,11604,11479],{"class":259},[60,11606,3261],{"class":255},[60,11608,9244],{"class":74},[60,11610,11611,11614,11616],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,11612,11613],{"class":66},"After",[60,11615,166],{"class":74},[60,11617,9773],{"class":74},[20,11619,11620],{},"What happens here:",[30,11622,11623,11628,11634],{},[33,11624,11625,11627],{},[15,11626,11518],{}," starts with three items",[33,11629,11630,11633],{},[15,11631,11632],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[33,11635,11636],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[46,11638,158,11640,11642],{"id":11639},"what-clear-returns",[15,11641,11257],{}," returns",[20,11644,11645,2361,11647,115],{},[15,11646,11257],{},[15,11648,3734],{},[20,11650,11651],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[51,11653,11655],{"className":53,"code":11654,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11656,11657,11691,11695,11710,11714,11724],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,11658,11659,11662,11664,11666,11668,11670,11672,11674,11676,11678,11680,11683,11685,11687,11689],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,11660,11661],{"class":66},"my_dict ",[60,11663,71],{"class":70},[60,11665,10426],{"class":74},[60,11667,256],{"class":255},[60,11669,2139],{"class":259},[60,11671,256],{"class":255},[60,11673,166],{"class":74},[60,11675,695],{"class":78},[60,11677,82],{"class":74},[60,11679,267],{"class":255},[60,11681,11682],{"class":259},"y",[60,11684,256],{"class":255},[60,11686,166],{"class":74},[60,11688,85],{"class":78},[60,11690,9244],{"class":74},[60,11692,11693],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,11694,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,11696,11697,11699,11701,11704,11706,11708],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,11698,107],{"class":66},[60,11700,71],{"class":70},[60,11702,11703],{"class":66}," my_dict",[60,11705,115],{"class":74},[60,11707,11318],{"class":118},[60,11709,8579],{"class":74},[60,11711,11712],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,11713,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,11715,11716,11718,11720,11722],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,11717,135],{"class":134},[60,11719,122],{"class":74},[60,11721,140],{"class":118},[60,11723,128],{"class":74},[60,11725,11726,11728,11730,11732],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,11727,135],{"class":134},[60,11729,122],{"class":74},[60,11731,11385],{"class":118},[60,11733,128],{"class":74},[20,11735,318],{},[51,11737,11739],{"className":53,"code":11738,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"None\n{}\n",[15,11740,11741,11746],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,11742,11743],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,11744,11745],{"class":685},"None\n",[60,11747,11748],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,11749,9370],{"class":74},[553,11751,11753],{"id":11752},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,11755,11756,11757,11759],{},"Do ",[3698,11758,4581],{}," do this:",[51,11761,11763],{"className":53,"code":11762,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11764,11765,11797,11811,11815],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,11766,11767,11769,11771,11773,11775,11777,11779,11781,11783,11785,11787,11789,11791,11793,11795],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,11768,11661],{"class":66},[60,11770,71],{"class":70},[60,11772,10426],{"class":74},[60,11774,256],{"class":255},[60,11776,2139],{"class":259},[60,11778,256],{"class":255},[60,11780,166],{"class":74},[60,11782,695],{"class":78},[60,11784,82],{"class":74},[60,11786,267],{"class":255},[60,11788,11682],{"class":259},[60,11790,256],{"class":255},[60,11792,166],{"class":74},[60,11794,85],{"class":78},[60,11796,9244],{"class":74},[60,11798,11799,11801,11803,11805,11807,11809],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,11800,11661],{"class":66},[60,11802,71],{"class":70},[60,11804,11703],{"class":66},[60,11806,115],{"class":74},[60,11808,11318],{"class":118},[60,11810,8579],{"class":74},[60,11812,11813],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,11814,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,11816,11817,11819,11821,11823],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,11818,135],{"class":134},[60,11820,122],{"class":74},[60,11822,11385],{"class":118},[60,11824,128],{"class":74},[20,11826,318],{},[51,11828,11829],{"className":53,"code":11745,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,11830,11831],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,11832,11833],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,11834,11745],{"class":685},[20,11836,11837],{},"Why this happens:",[30,11839,11840,11846,11850],{},[33,11841,11842,11845],{},[15,11843,11844],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[33,11847,1790,11848],{},[15,11849,3734],{},[33,11851,11852,11853,11856,11857,11859],{},"Then ",[15,11854,11855],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,11858,3734],{}," in the variable",[20,11861,11862,11863,11865],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,11864,11257],{}," by itself:",[51,11867,11869],{"className":53,"code":11868,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,11870,11871,11903,11913,11917],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,11872,11873,11875,11877,11879,11881,11883,11885,11887,11889,11891,11893,11895,11897,11899,11901],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,11874,11661],{"class":66},[60,11876,71],{"class":70},[60,11878,10426],{"class":74},[60,11880,256],{"class":255},[60,11882,2139],{"class":259},[60,11884,256],{"class":255},[60,11886,166],{"class":74},[60,11888,695],{"class":78},[60,11890,82],{"class":74},[60,11892,267],{"class":255},[60,11894,11682],{"class":259},[60,11896,256],{"class":255},[60,11898,166],{"class":74},[60,11900,85],{"class":78},[60,11902,9244],{"class":74},[60,11904,11905,11907,11909,11911],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,11906,11385],{"class":66},[60,11908,115],{"class":74},[60,11910,11318],{"class":118},[60,11912,8579],{"class":74},[60,11914,11915],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,11916,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,11918,11919,11921,11923,11925,11927],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,11920,135],{"class":134},[60,11922,122],{"class":74},[60,11924,11385],{"class":118},[60,11926,143],{"class":74},[60,11928,11333],{"class":146},[46,11930,11932,11934],{"id":11931},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,11933,11257],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,11936,11937],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[51,11939,11940],{"className":53,"code":11378,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,11941,11942],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,11943,11944,11946,11948,11950],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,11945,11385],{"class":66},[60,11947,115],{"class":74},[60,11949,11318],{"class":118},[60,11951,8579],{"class":74},[51,11953,11955],{"className":53,"code":11954,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,11956,11957],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,11958,11959,11961,11963],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,11960,11661],{"class":66},[60,11962,71],{"class":70},[60,11964,9773],{"class":74},[553,11966,11967],{"id":11318},[15,11968,11257],{},[30,11970,11971,11974,11977],{},[33,11972,11973],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[33,11975,11976],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[33,11978,11979],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[553,11981,11982],{"id":11385},[15,11983,11984],{},"my_dict = {}",[30,11986,11987,11990,11993],{},[33,11988,11989],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[33,11991,11992],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[33,11994,11995],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,11997,11998,11999,115],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[260,12000,12002],{"href":12001},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[46,12004,12006],{"id":12005},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,12008,12009,12010,12012],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,12011,11257],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[51,12014,12016],{"className":53,"code":12015,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12017,12018,12051,12061,12065,12076,12080,12100,12120],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,12019,12020,12023,12025,12027,12029,12031,12033,12035,12037,12039,12041,12043,12045,12047,12049],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,12021,12022],{"class":66},"original ",[60,12024,71],{"class":70},[60,12026,10426],{"class":74},[60,12028,256],{"class":255},[60,12030,260],{"class":259},[60,12032,256],{"class":255},[60,12034,166],{"class":74},[60,12036,695],{"class":78},[60,12038,82],{"class":74},[60,12040,267],{"class":255},[60,12042,270],{"class":259},[60,12044,256],{"class":255},[60,12046,166],{"class":74},[60,12048,85],{"class":78},[60,12050,9244],{"class":74},[60,12052,12053,12056,12058],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,12054,12055],{"class":66},"other_ref ",[60,12057,71],{"class":70},[60,12059,12060],{"class":66}," original\n",[60,12062,12063],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,12064,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,12066,12067,12070,12072,12074],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,12068,12069],{"class":66},"original",[60,12071,115],{"class":74},[60,12073,11318],{"class":118},[60,12075,8579],{"class":74},[60,12077,12078],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,12079,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,12081,12082,12084,12086,12088,12091,12093,12095,12098],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,12083,135],{"class":134},[60,12085,122],{"class":74},[60,12087,256],{"class":255},[60,12089,12090],{"class":259},"original:",[60,12092,256],{"class":255},[60,12094,82],{"class":74},[60,12096,12097],{"class":118}," original",[60,12099,128],{"class":74},[60,12101,12102,12104,12106,12108,12111,12113,12115,12118],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,12103,135],{"class":134},[60,12105,122],{"class":74},[60,12107,256],{"class":255},[60,12109,12110],{"class":259},"other_ref:",[60,12112,256],{"class":255},[60,12114,82],{"class":74},[60,12116,12117],{"class":118}," other_ref",[60,12119,128],{"class":74},[60,12121,12122,12124,12126,12128,12131,12133],{"class":62,"line":6367},[60,12123,135],{"class":134},[60,12125,122],{"class":74},[60,12127,12022],{"class":118},[60,12129,12130],{"class":1537},"is",[60,12132,12117],{"class":118},[60,12134,128],{"class":74},[20,12136,318],{},[51,12138,12140],{"className":53,"code":12139,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,12141,12142,12150,12159],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,12143,12144,12146,12148],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,12145,12069],{"class":66},[60,12147,166],{"class":74},[60,12149,9773],{"class":74},[60,12151,12152,12155,12157],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,12153,12154],{"class":66},"other_ref",[60,12156,166],{"class":74},[60,12158,9773],{"class":74},[60,12160,12161],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,12162,3933],{"class":685},[20,12164,12165],{},"This shows:",[30,12167,12168,12175,12180],{},[33,12169,12170,544,12172,12174],{},[15,12171,12069],{},[15,12173,12154],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[33,12176,12177,12179],{},[15,12178,11257],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[33,12181,12182],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,12184,12185],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[51,12187,12189],{"className":53,"code":12188,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12190,12191,12223,12231,12235,12243,12247,12265,12283],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,12192,12193,12195,12197,12199,12201,12203,12205,12207,12209,12211,12213,12215,12217,12219,12221],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,12194,12022],{"class":66},[60,12196,71],{"class":70},[60,12198,10426],{"class":74},[60,12200,256],{"class":255},[60,12202,260],{"class":259},[60,12204,256],{"class":255},[60,12206,166],{"class":74},[60,12208,695],{"class":78},[60,12210,82],{"class":74},[60,12212,267],{"class":255},[60,12214,270],{"class":259},[60,12216,256],{"class":255},[60,12218,166],{"class":74},[60,12220,85],{"class":78},[60,12222,9244],{"class":74},[60,12224,12225,12227,12229],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,12226,12055],{"class":66},[60,12228,71],{"class":70},[60,12230,12060],{"class":66},[60,12232,12233],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,12234,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,12236,12237,12239,12241],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,12238,12022],{"class":66},[60,12240,71],{"class":70},[60,12242,9773],{"class":74},[60,12244,12245],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,12246,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,12248,12249,12251,12253,12255,12257,12259,12261,12263],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,12250,135],{"class":134},[60,12252,122],{"class":74},[60,12254,256],{"class":255},[60,12256,12090],{"class":259},[60,12258,256],{"class":255},[60,12260,82],{"class":74},[60,12262,12097],{"class":118},[60,12264,128],{"class":74},[60,12266,12267,12269,12271,12273,12275,12277,12279,12281],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,12268,135],{"class":134},[60,12270,122],{"class":74},[60,12272,256],{"class":255},[60,12274,12110],{"class":259},[60,12276,256],{"class":255},[60,12278,82],{"class":74},[60,12280,12117],{"class":118},[60,12282,128],{"class":74},[60,12284,12285,12287,12289,12291,12293,12295],{"class":62,"line":6367},[60,12286,135],{"class":134},[60,12288,122],{"class":74},[60,12290,12022],{"class":118},[60,12292,12130],{"class":1537},[60,12294,12117],{"class":118},[60,12296,128],{"class":74},[20,12298,318],{},[51,12300,12302],{"className":53,"code":12301,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,12303,12304,12312,12344],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,12305,12306,12308,12310],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,12307,12069],{"class":66},[60,12309,166],{"class":74},[60,12311,9773],{"class":74},[60,12313,12314,12316,12318,12320,12322,12324,12326,12328,12330,12332,12334,12336,12338,12340,12342],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,12315,12154],{"class":66},[60,12317,166],{"class":74},[60,12319,10426],{"class":74},[60,12321,3261],{"class":255},[60,12323,260],{"class":259},[60,12325,3261],{"class":255},[60,12327,166],{"class":74},[60,12329,695],{"class":78},[60,12331,82],{"class":74},[60,12333,3256],{"class":255},[60,12335,270],{"class":259},[60,12337,3261],{"class":255},[60,12339,166],{"class":74},[60,12341,85],{"class":78},[60,12343,9244],{"class":74},[60,12345,12346],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,12347,3994],{"class":685},[20,12349,2144],{},[30,12351,12352,12358],{},[33,12353,12354,12357],{},[15,12355,12356],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[33,12359,12360,12362],{},[15,12361,12154],{}," still points to the old one",[20,12364,12365,12366,115],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[260,12367,12369],{"href":12368},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,12370,12371],{},"dict.copy()",[46,12373,1221,12375],{"id":12374},"when-to-use-clear",[15,12376,11257],{},[20,12378,12379,12381],{},[15,12380,11257],{}," is useful when you want to:",[30,12383,12384,12387,12390],{},[33,12385,12386],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[33,12388,12389],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[33,12391,12392],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,12394,238],{},[51,12396,12398],{"className":53,"code":12397,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,12399,12400,12409,12425,12445,12458,12462,12466,12471,12482,12486],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,12401,12402,12405,12407],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,12403,12404],{"class":66},"session_data ",[60,12406,71],{"class":70},[60,12408,11429],{"class":74},[60,12410,12411,12413,12416,12418,12420,12423],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,12412,11434],{"class":255},[60,12414,12415],{"class":259},"user_id",[60,12417,256],{"class":255},[60,12419,166],{"class":74},[60,12421,12422],{"class":78}," 101",[60,12424,11450],{"class":74},[60,12426,12427,12429,12432,12434,12436,12438,12441,12443],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,12428,11434],{"class":255},[60,12430,12431],{"class":259},"theme",[60,12433,256],{"class":255},[60,12435,166],{"class":74},[60,12437,267],{"class":255},[60,12439,12440],{"class":259},"dark",[60,12442,256],{"class":255},[60,12444,11450],{"class":74},[60,12446,12447,12449,12452,12454,12456],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,12448,11434],{"class":255},[60,12450,12451],{"class":259},"logged_in",[60,12453,256],{"class":255},[60,12455,166],{"class":74},[60,12457,6364],{"class":685},[60,12459,12460],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,12461,9244],{"class":74},[60,12463,12464],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,12465,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,12467,12468],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,12469,12470],{"class":146},"# Reset for a new session\n",[60,12472,12473,12476,12478,12480],{"class":62,"line":6367},[60,12474,12475],{"class":66},"session_data",[60,12477,115],{"class":74},[60,12479,11318],{"class":118},[60,12481,8579],{"class":74},[60,12483,12484],{"class":62,"line":6373},[60,12485,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,12487,12488,12490,12492,12494,12496],{"class":62,"line":6378},[60,12489,135],{"class":134},[60,12491,122],{"class":74},[60,12493,12475],{"class":118},[60,12495,143],{"class":74},[60,12497,11333],{"class":146},[20,12499,12500,12501,12507,12508,115,12512,12514,12515,115],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[260,12502,12504],{"href":12503},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,12505,12506],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[260,12509,12511],{"href":12510},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[9781,12513],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[260,12516,12518],{"href":12517},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,12519,12520],{},"dict.popitem()",[46,12522,1351],{"id":1350},[20,12524,10683,12525,166],{},[15,12526,11257],{},[30,12528,12529,12535,12540,12543],{},[33,12530,12531,12532,12534],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,12533,11257],{}," to a variable",[33,12536,1454,12537,12539],{},[15,12538,11257],{}," to return a new dictionary",[33,12541,12542],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[33,12544,12545],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,12547,12548],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[51,12550,12552],{"className":53,"code":12551,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,12553,12554,12564,12578,12593],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,12555,12556,12558,12560,12562],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,12557,135],{"class":134},[60,12559,122],{"class":74},[60,12561,11385],{"class":118},[60,12563,128],{"class":74},[60,12565,12566,12568,12570,12572,12574,12576],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,12567,135],{"class":134},[60,12569,122],{"class":74},[60,12571,1657],{"class":1656},[60,12573,122],{"class":74},[60,12575,11385],{"class":118},[60,12577,315],{"class":74},[60,12579,12580,12582,12584,12587,12589,12591],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,12581,135],{"class":134},[60,12583,122],{"class":74},[60,12585,12586],{"class":134},"id",[60,12588,122],{"class":74},[60,12590,11385],{"class":118},[60,12592,315],{"class":74},[60,12594,12595,12597,12599,12601,12603,12605],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,12596,135],{"class":134},[60,12598,122],{"class":74},[60,12600,12055],{"class":118},[60,12602,12130],{"class":1537},[60,12604,11703],{"class":118},[60,12606,128],{"class":74},[20,12608,12609],{},"What these show:",[30,12611,12612,12618,12624,12630],{},[33,12613,12614,12617],{},[15,12615,12616],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[33,12619,12620,12623],{},[15,12621,12622],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[33,12625,12626,12629],{},[15,12627,12628],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[33,12631,12632,12635],{},[15,12633,12634],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[46,12637,1773],{"id":1772},[553,12639,1777,12641,12643],{"id":12640},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary",[15,12642,11257],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,12645,12646],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[553,12648,5090,12650,12652],{"id":12649},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,12651,11262],{}," return?",[20,12654,5096,12655,115],{},[15,12656,3734],{},[553,12658,5126,12660,544,12662,1435],{"id":12659},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,12661,11257],{},[15,12663,3748],{},[20,12665,12666,12668,12669,12671],{},[15,12667,11257],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,12670,3748],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[553,12673,1777,12675,12677],{"id":12674},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,12676,11257],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,12679,12680],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[46,12682,1842],{"id":1841},[30,12684,12685,12689,12693,12700,12707,12714,12719],{},[33,12686,12687],{},[260,12688,9091],{"href":9090},[33,12690,12691],{},[260,12692,11178],{"href":9326},[33,12694,12695],{},[260,12696,10673,12697,1869],{"href":12503},[15,12698,12699],{},"pop()",[33,12701,12702],{},[260,12703,10673,12704,1869],{"href":12517},[15,12705,12706],{},"popitem()",[33,12708,12709],{},[260,12710,10673,12711,1869],{"href":12368},[15,12712,12713],{},"copy()",[33,12715,12716],{},[260,12717,12718],{"href":12001},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[33,12720,12721],{},[260,12722,12723],{"href":12510},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[1885,12725,12726],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":12728},[12729,12730,12732,12733,12734,12738,12743,12744,12746,12747,12757],{"id":1971,"depth":104,"text":1972},{"id":11341,"depth":104,"text":12731},"What clear() does",{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199},{"id":11410,"depth":104,"text":11411},{"id":11639,"depth":104,"text":12735,"children":12736},"What clear() returns",[12737],{"id":11752,"depth":131,"text":11753},{"id":11931,"depth":104,"text":12739,"children":12740},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12741,12742],{"id":11318,"depth":131,"text":11257},{"id":11385,"depth":131,"text":11984},{"id":12005,"depth":104,"text":12006},{"id":12374,"depth":104,"text":12745},"When to use clear()",{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":12748},[12749,12751,12753,12755],{"id":12640,"depth":131,"text":12750},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12649,"depth":131,"text":12752},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12659,"depth":131,"text":12754},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12674,"depth":131,"text":12756},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11248,"description":12758},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12765,"title":12766,"body":12767,"description":14931,"extension":1930,"meta":14932,"navigation":421,"path":14933,"seo":14934,"stem":14935,"__hash__":14936},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12768,"toc":14903},[12769,12774,12779,12789,12791,12880,12884,12925,12930,12937,12955,12964,12966,12987,12990,13002,13004,13080,13084,13125,13127,13130,13258,13262,13342,13345,13363,13366,13370,13376,13378,13389,13391,13586,13590,13696,13699,13717,13720,13727,13732,13736,13750,13752,13879,13883,13963,13976,13982,13985,13993,13997,14123,14127,14201,14206,14337,14341,14415,14418,14432,14436,14440,14454,14456,14591,14595,14664,14666,14671,14693,14696,14803,14806,14817,14824,14826,14832,14835,14841,14844,14851,14859,14863,14866,14868,14900],[10,12770,11254,12772,18],{"id":12771},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,12773,12713],{},[20,12775,12776,12778],{},[15,12777,12371],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,12780,12781,12782,12784,12785,12788],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,12783,12713],{}," makes a ",[3698,12786,12787],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[46,12790,1972],{"id":1971},[51,12792,12794],{"className":53,"code":12793,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,12795,12796,12834,12851,12855,12866],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,12797,12798,12801,12803,12805,12807,12809,12811,12813,12815,12818,12820,12822,12824,12826,12828,12830,12832],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,12799,12800],{"class":66},"student ",[60,12802,71],{"class":70},[60,12804,10426],{"class":74},[60,12806,256],{"class":255},[60,12808,7611],{"class":259},[60,12810,256],{"class":255},[60,12812,166],{"class":74},[60,12814,267],{"class":255},[60,12816,12817],{"class":259},"Ana",[60,12819,256],{"class":255},[60,12821,82],{"class":74},[60,12823,267],{"class":255},[60,12825,9234],{"class":259},[60,12827,256],{"class":255},[60,12829,166],{"class":74},[60,12831,878],{"class":78},[60,12833,9244],{"class":74},[60,12835,12836,12839,12841,12844,12846,12849],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,12837,12838],{"class":66},"student_copy ",[60,12840,71],{"class":70},[60,12842,12843],{"class":66}," student",[60,12845,115],{"class":74},[60,12847,12848],{"class":118},"copy",[60,12850,8579],{"class":74},[60,12852,12853],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,12854,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,12856,12857,12859,12861,12864],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,12858,135],{"class":134},[60,12860,122],{"class":74},[60,12862,12863],{"class":118},"student_copy",[60,12865,128],{"class":74},[60,12867,12868,12870,12872,12874,12876,12878],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,12869,135],{"class":134},[60,12871,122],{"class":74},[60,12873,12838],{"class":118},[60,12875,12130],{"class":1537},[60,12877,12843],{"class":118},[60,12879,128],{"class":74},[20,12881,12882],{},[3698,12883,318],{},[51,12885,12887],{"className":53,"code":12886,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,12888,12889,12921],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,12890,12891,12893,12895,12897,12899,12901,12903,12905,12907,12909,12911,12913,12915,12917,12919],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,12892,9213],{"class":74},[60,12894,3261],{"class":255},[60,12896,7611],{"class":259},[60,12898,3261],{"class":255},[60,12900,166],{"class":74},[60,12902,3256],{"class":255},[60,12904,12817],{"class":259},[60,12906,3261],{"class":255},[60,12908,82],{"class":74},[60,12910,3256],{"class":255},[60,12912,9234],{"class":259},[60,12914,3261],{"class":255},[60,12916,166],{"class":74},[60,12918,878],{"class":78},[60,12920,9244],{"class":74},[60,12922,12923],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,12924,3994],{"class":685},[20,12926,150,12927,12929],{},[15,12928,12713],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[46,12931,12933,12934,12936],{"id":12932},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,12935,12713],{}," method does",[30,12938,12939,12944,12947,12952],{},[33,12940,12941,12943],{},[15,12942,12371],{}," returns a new dictionary",[33,12945,12946],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[33,12948,12949,12950],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,12951,12713],{},[33,12953,12954],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,12956,12957,12958,1460,12961,115],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[260,12959,9091],{"href":12960},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[260,12962,9327],{"href":12963},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[46,12965,199],{"id":198},[51,12967,12969],{"className":53,"code":12968,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,12970,12971],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,12972,12973,12976,12978,12981,12983,12985],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,12974,12975],{"class":66},"new_dict ",[60,12977,71],{"class":70},[60,12979,12980],{"class":66}," old_dict",[60,12982,115],{"class":74},[60,12984,12848],{"class":118},[60,12986,8579],{"class":74},[20,12988,12989],{},"Key points:",[30,12991,12992,12996,12999],{},[33,12993,12994,11401],{},[15,12995,12713],{},[33,12997,12998],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[33,13000,13001],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,13003,238],{},[51,13005,13007],{"className":53,"code":13006,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,13008,13009,13049,13065,13069],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,13010,13011,13013,13015,13017,13019,13021,13023,13025,13027,13029,13031,13033,13035,13037,13039,13041,13043,13045,13047],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,13012,377],{"class":66},[60,13014,71],{"class":70},[60,13016,10426],{"class":74},[60,13018,256],{"class":255},[60,13020,260],{"class":259},[60,13022,256],{"class":255},[60,13024,166],{"class":74},[60,13026,267],{"class":255},[60,13028,386],{"class":259},[60,13030,256],{"class":255},[60,13032,82],{"class":74},[60,13034,267],{"class":255},[60,13036,270],{"class":259},[60,13038,256],{"class":255},[60,13040,166],{"class":74},[60,13042,267],{"class":255},[60,13044,395],{"class":259},[60,13046,256],{"class":255},[60,13048,9244],{"class":74},[60,13050,13051,13054,13056,13059,13061,13063],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,13052,13053],{"class":66},"new_colors ",[60,13055,71],{"class":70},[60,13057,13058],{"class":66}," colors",[60,13060,115],{"class":74},[60,13062,12848],{"class":118},[60,13064,8579],{"class":74},[60,13066,13067],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,13068,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,13070,13071,13073,13075,13078],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,13072,135],{"class":134},[60,13074,122],{"class":74},[60,13076,13077],{"class":118},"new_colors",[60,13079,128],{"class":74},[20,13081,13082],{},[3698,13083,318],{},[51,13085,13087],{"className":53,"code":13086,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,13088,13089],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,13090,13091,13093,13095,13097,13099,13101,13103,13105,13107,13109,13111,13113,13115,13117,13119,13121,13123],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,13092,9213],{"class":74},[60,13094,3261],{"class":255},[60,13096,260],{"class":259},[60,13098,3261],{"class":255},[60,13100,166],{"class":74},[60,13102,3256],{"class":255},[60,13104,386],{"class":259},[60,13106,3261],{"class":255},[60,13108,82],{"class":74},[60,13110,3256],{"class":255},[60,13112,270],{"class":259},[60,13114,3261],{"class":255},[60,13116,166],{"class":74},[60,13118,3256],{"class":255},[60,13120,395],{"class":259},[60,13122,3261],{"class":255},[60,13124,9244],{"class":74},[46,13126,11411],{"id":11410},[20,13128,13129],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[51,13131,13133],{"className":53,"code":13132,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,13134,13135,13173,13189,13193,13215,13219,13238],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,13136,13137,13140,13142,13144,13146,13148,13150,13152,13154,13157,13159,13161,13163,13165,13167,13169,13171],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,13138,13139],{"class":66},"person ",[60,13141,71],{"class":70},[60,13143,10426],{"class":74},[60,13145,256],{"class":255},[60,13147,7611],{"class":259},[60,13149,256],{"class":255},[60,13151,166],{"class":74},[60,13153,267],{"class":255},[60,13155,13156],{"class":259},"Liam",[60,13158,256],{"class":255},[60,13160,82],{"class":74},[60,13162,267],{"class":255},[60,13164,9234],{"class":259},[60,13166,256],{"class":255},[60,13168,166],{"class":74},[60,13170,9241],{"class":78},[60,13172,9244],{"class":74},[60,13174,13175,13178,13180,13183,13185,13187],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,13176,13177],{"class":66},"person_copy ",[60,13179,71],{"class":70},[60,13181,13182],{"class":66}," person",[60,13184,115],{"class":74},[60,13186,12848],{"class":118},[60,13188,8579],{"class":74},[60,13190,13191],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,13192,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,13194,13195,13198,13200,13202,13204,13206,13209,13212],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,13196,13197],{"class":66},"person_copy",[60,13199,3854],{"class":74},[60,13201,256],{"class":255},[60,13203,9234],{"class":259},[60,13205,256],{"class":255},[60,13207,13208],{"class":74},"]",[60,13210,13211],{"class":70}," =",[60,13213,13214],{"class":78}," 26\n",[60,13216,13217],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,13218,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,13220,13221,13223,13225,13227,13230,13232,13234,13236],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,13222,135],{"class":134},[60,13224,122],{"class":74},[60,13226,256],{"class":255},[60,13228,13229],{"class":259},"Original:",[60,13231,256],{"class":255},[60,13233,82],{"class":74},[60,13235,13182],{"class":118},[60,13237,128],{"class":74},[60,13239,13240,13242,13244,13246,13249,13251,13253,13256],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,13241,135],{"class":134},[60,13243,122],{"class":74},[60,13245,256],{"class":255},[60,13247,13248],{"class":259},"Copy:",[60,13250,256],{"class":255},[60,13252,82],{"class":74},[60,13254,13255],{"class":118}," person_copy",[60,13257,128],{"class":74},[20,13259,13260],{},[3698,13261,318],{},[51,13263,13265],{"className":53,"code":13264,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,13266,13267,13304],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,13268,13269,13272,13274,13276,13278,13280,13282,13284,13286,13288,13290,13292,13294,13296,13298,13300,13302],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,13270,13271],{"class":66},"Original",[60,13273,166],{"class":74},[60,13275,10426],{"class":74},[60,13277,3261],{"class":255},[60,13279,7611],{"class":259},[60,13281,3261],{"class":255},[60,13283,166],{"class":74},[60,13285,3256],{"class":255},[60,13287,13156],{"class":259},[60,13289,3261],{"class":255},[60,13291,82],{"class":74},[60,13293,3256],{"class":255},[60,13295,9234],{"class":259},[60,13297,3261],{"class":255},[60,13299,166],{"class":74},[60,13301,9241],{"class":78},[60,13303,9244],{"class":74},[60,13305,13306,13309,13311,13313,13315,13317,13319,13321,13323,13325,13327,13329,13331,13333,13335,13337,13340],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,13307,13308],{"class":66},"Copy",[60,13310,166],{"class":74},[60,13312,10426],{"class":74},[60,13314,3261],{"class":255},[60,13316,7611],{"class":259},[60,13318,3261],{"class":255},[60,13320,166],{"class":74},[60,13322,3256],{"class":255},[60,13324,13156],{"class":259},[60,13326,3261],{"class":255},[60,13328,82],{"class":74},[60,13330,3256],{"class":255},[60,13332,9234],{"class":259},[60,13334,3261],{"class":255},[60,13336,166],{"class":74},[60,13338,13339],{"class":78}," 26",[60,13341,9244],{"class":74},[20,13343,13344],{},"What happened here:",[30,13346,13347,13353,13360],{},[33,13348,13349,13352],{},[15,13350,13351],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[33,13354,13355,13356,13359],{},"Changing ",[15,13357,13358],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[33,13361,13362],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,13364,13365],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[46,13367,13369],{"id":13368},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,13371,13372,12784,13374,115],{},[15,13373,12713],{},[3698,13375,12787],{},[20,13377,2075],{},[30,13379,13380,13383,13386],{},[33,13381,13382],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[33,13384,13385],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[33,13387,13388],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,13390,238],{},[51,13392,13394],{"className":53,"code":13393,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,13395,13396,13404,13422,13445,13449,13453,13467,13471,13496,13500,13518,13537,13552],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,13397,13398,13400,13402],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,13399,12800],{"class":66},[60,13401,71],{"class":70},[60,13403,11429],{"class":74},[60,13405,13406,13408,13410,13412,13414,13416,13418,13420],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,13407,11434],{"class":255},[60,13409,7611],{"class":259},[60,13411,256],{"class":255},[60,13413,166],{"class":74},[60,13415,267],{"class":255},[60,13417,12817],{"class":259},[60,13419,256],{"class":255},[60,13421,11450],{"class":74},[60,13423,13424,13426,13429,13431,13433,13435,13438,13440,13443],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,13425,11434],{"class":255},[60,13427,13428],{"class":259},"grades",[60,13430,256],{"class":255},[60,13432,166],{"class":74},[60,13434,75],{"class":74},[60,13436,13437],{"class":78},"90",[60,13439,82],{"class":74},[60,13441,13442],{"class":78}," 85",[60,13444,101],{"class":74},[60,13446,13447],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,13448,9244],{"class":74},[60,13450,13451],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,13452,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,13454,13455,13457,13459,13461,13463,13465],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,13456,12838],{"class":66},[60,13458,71],{"class":70},[60,13460,12843],{"class":66},[60,13462,115],{"class":74},[60,13464,12848],{"class":118},[60,13466,8579],{"class":74},[60,13468,13469],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,13470,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,13472,13473,13475,13477,13479,13481,13483,13486,13489,13491,13494],{"class":62,"line":6367},[60,13474,12863],{"class":66},[60,13476,3854],{"class":74},[60,13478,256],{"class":255},[60,13480,13428],{"class":259},[60,13482,256],{"class":255},[60,13484,13485],{"class":74},"].",[60,13487,13488],{"class":118},"append",[60,13490,122],{"class":74},[60,13492,13493],{"class":78},"100",[60,13495,128],{"class":74},[60,13497,13498],{"class":62,"line":6373},[60,13499,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,13501,13502,13504,13506,13508,13510,13512,13514,13516],{"class":62,"line":6378},[60,13503,135],{"class":134},[60,13505,122],{"class":74},[60,13507,256],{"class":255},[60,13509,13229],{"class":259},[60,13511,256],{"class":255},[60,13513,82],{"class":74},[60,13515,12843],{"class":118},[60,13517,128],{"class":74},[60,13519,13520,13522,13524,13526,13528,13530,13532,13535],{"class":62,"line":11531},[60,13521,135],{"class":134},[60,13523,122],{"class":74},[60,13525,256],{"class":255},[60,13527,13248],{"class":259},[60,13529,256],{"class":255},[60,13531,82],{"class":74},[60,13533,13534],{"class":118}," student_copy",[60,13536,128],{"class":74},[60,13538,13540,13542,13544,13546,13548,13550],{"class":62,"line":13539},12,[60,13541,135],{"class":134},[60,13543,122],{"class":74},[60,13545,12800],{"class":118},[60,13547,12130],{"class":1537},[60,13549,13534],{"class":118},[60,13551,128],{"class":74},[60,13553,13555,13557,13559,13562,13564,13566,13568,13570,13572,13574,13576,13578,13580,13582,13584],{"class":62,"line":13554},13,[60,13556,135],{"class":134},[60,13558,122],{"class":74},[60,13560,13561],{"class":118},"student",[60,13563,3854],{"class":74},[60,13565,256],{"class":255},[60,13567,13428],{"class":259},[60,13569,256],{"class":255},[60,13571,13208],{"class":74},[60,13573,8036],{"class":1537},[60,13575,13534],{"class":118},[60,13577,3854],{"class":74},[60,13579,256],{"class":255},[60,13581,13428],{"class":259},[60,13583,256],{"class":255},[60,13585,1193],{"class":74},[20,13587,13588],{},[3698,13589,318],{},[51,13591,13593],{"className":53,"code":13592,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,13594,13595,13642,13688,13692],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,13596,13597,13599,13601,13603,13605,13607,13609,13611,13613,13615,13617,13619,13621,13623,13625,13627,13629,13631,13633,13635,13637,13639],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,13598,13271],{"class":66},[60,13600,166],{"class":74},[60,13602,10426],{"class":74},[60,13604,3261],{"class":255},[60,13606,7611],{"class":259},[60,13608,3261],{"class":255},[60,13610,166],{"class":74},[60,13612,3256],{"class":255},[60,13614,12817],{"class":259},[60,13616,3261],{"class":255},[60,13618,82],{"class":74},[60,13620,3256],{"class":255},[60,13622,13428],{"class":259},[60,13624,3261],{"class":255},[60,13626,166],{"class":74},[60,13628,75],{"class":74},[60,13630,13437],{"class":78},[60,13632,82],{"class":74},[60,13634,13442],{"class":78},[60,13636,82],{"class":74},[60,13638,10053],{"class":78},[60,13640,13641],{"class":74},"]}\n",[60,13643,13644,13646,13648,13650,13652,13654,13656,13658,13660,13662,13664,13666,13668,13670,13672,13674,13676,13678,13680,13682,13684,13686],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,13645,13308],{"class":66},[60,13647,166],{"class":74},[60,13649,10426],{"class":74},[60,13651,3261],{"class":255},[60,13653,7611],{"class":259},[60,13655,3261],{"class":255},[60,13657,166],{"class":74},[60,13659,3256],{"class":255},[60,13661,12817],{"class":259},[60,13663,3261],{"class":255},[60,13665,82],{"class":74},[60,13667,3256],{"class":255},[60,13669,13428],{"class":259},[60,13671,3261],{"class":255},[60,13673,166],{"class":74},[60,13675,75],{"class":74},[60,13677,13437],{"class":78},[60,13679,82],{"class":74},[60,13681,13442],{"class":78},[60,13683,82],{"class":74},[60,13685,10053],{"class":78},[60,13687,13641],{"class":74},[60,13689,13690],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,13691,3994],{"class":685},[60,13693,13694],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,13695,3933],{"class":685},[20,13697,13698],{},"Notice the difference:",[30,13700,13701,13709],{},[33,13702,13703,4733,13706,13708],{},[15,13704,13705],{},"student is student_copy",[15,13707,1463],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[33,13710,13711,4733,13714,13716],{},[15,13712,13713],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,13715,547],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,13718,13719],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,13721,13722,13723,115],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[260,13724,13726],{"href":13725},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[46,13728,1221,13730],{"id":13729},"when-to-use-copy",[15,13731,12713],{},[20,13733,150,13734,10537],{},[15,13735,12713],{},[30,13737,13738,13741,13744,13747],{},[33,13739,13740],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[33,13742,13743],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[33,13745,13746],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[33,13748,13749],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,13751,238],{},[51,13753,13755],{"className":53,"code":13754,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,13756,13757,13796,13812,13816,13836,13840,13859],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,13758,13759,13762,13764,13766,13768,13770,13772,13774,13776,13778,13780,13782,13784,13787,13789,13791,13794],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,13760,13761],{"class":66},"settings ",[60,13763,71],{"class":70},[60,13765,10426],{"class":74},[60,13767,256],{"class":255},[60,13769,12431],{"class":259},[60,13771,256],{"class":255},[60,13773,166],{"class":74},[60,13775,267],{"class":255},[60,13777,12440],{"class":259},[60,13779,256],{"class":255},[60,13781,82],{"class":74},[60,13783,267],{"class":255},[60,13785,13786],{"class":259},"font_size",[60,13788,256],{"class":255},[60,13790,166],{"class":74},[60,13792,13793],{"class":78}," 14",[60,13795,9244],{"class":74},[60,13797,13798,13801,13803,13806,13808,13810],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,13799,13800],{"class":66},"settings_backup ",[60,13802,71],{"class":70},[60,13804,13805],{"class":66}," settings",[60,13807,115],{"class":74},[60,13809,12848],{"class":118},[60,13811,8579],{"class":74},[60,13813,13814],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,13815,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,13817,13818,13821,13823,13825,13827,13829,13831,13833],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,13819,13820],{"class":66},"settings",[60,13822,3854],{"class":74},[60,13824,256],{"class":255},[60,13826,13786],{"class":259},[60,13828,256],{"class":255},[60,13830,13208],{"class":74},[60,13832,13211],{"class":70},[60,13834,13835],{"class":78}," 16\n",[60,13837,13838],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,13839,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,13841,13842,13844,13846,13848,13851,13853,13855,13857],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,13843,135],{"class":134},[60,13845,122],{"class":74},[60,13847,256],{"class":255},[60,13849,13850],{"class":259},"Current:",[60,13852,256],{"class":255},[60,13854,82],{"class":74},[60,13856,13805],{"class":118},[60,13858,128],{"class":74},[60,13860,13861,13863,13865,13867,13870,13872,13874,13877],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,13862,135],{"class":134},[60,13864,122],{"class":74},[60,13866,256],{"class":255},[60,13868,13869],{"class":259},"Backup:",[60,13871,256],{"class":255},[60,13873,82],{"class":74},[60,13875,13876],{"class":118}," settings_backup",[60,13878,128],{"class":74},[20,13880,13881],{},[3698,13882,318],{},[51,13884,13886],{"className":53,"code":13885,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,13887,13888,13926],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,13889,13890,13893,13895,13897,13899,13901,13903,13905,13907,13909,13911,13913,13915,13917,13919,13921,13924],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,13891,13892],{"class":66},"Current",[60,13894,166],{"class":74},[60,13896,10426],{"class":74},[60,13898,3261],{"class":255},[60,13900,12431],{"class":259},[60,13902,3261],{"class":255},[60,13904,166],{"class":74},[60,13906,3256],{"class":255},[60,13908,12440],{"class":259},[60,13910,3261],{"class":255},[60,13912,82],{"class":74},[60,13914,3256],{"class":255},[60,13916,13786],{"class":259},[60,13918,3261],{"class":255},[60,13920,166],{"class":74},[60,13922,13923],{"class":78}," 16",[60,13925,9244],{"class":74},[60,13927,13928,13931,13933,13935,13937,13939,13941,13943,13945,13947,13949,13951,13953,13955,13957,13959,13961],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,13929,13930],{"class":66},"Backup",[60,13932,166],{"class":74},[60,13934,10426],{"class":74},[60,13936,3261],{"class":255},[60,13938,12431],{"class":259},[60,13940,3261],{"class":255},[60,13942,166],{"class":74},[60,13944,3256],{"class":255},[60,13946,12440],{"class":259},[60,13948,3261],{"class":255},[60,13950,82],{"class":74},[60,13952,3256],{"class":255},[60,13954,13786],{"class":259},[60,13956,3261],{"class":255},[60,13958,166],{"class":74},[60,13960,13793],{"class":78},[60,13962,9244],{"class":74},[20,13964,13965,13966,1460,13972,115],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[260,13967,13969],{"href":13968},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,13970,13971],{},"dict.update()",[260,13973,13974],{"href":12760},[15,13975,11262],{},[46,13977,13979,13981],{"id":13978},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,13980,12713],{}," vs assignment",[20,13983,13984],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,13986,8356,13987,13989,13990,13992],{},[15,13988,71],{}," does ",[3698,13991,4581],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[553,13994,13996],{"id":13995},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[51,13998,14000],{"className":53,"code":13999,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,14001,14002,14034,14043,14047,14067,14071,14089,14109],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,14003,14004,14006,14008,14010,14012,14014,14016,14018,14020,14022,14024,14026,14028,14030,14032],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,14005,12022],{"class":66},[60,14007,71],{"class":70},[60,14009,10426],{"class":74},[60,14011,256],{"class":255},[60,14013,2139],{"class":259},[60,14015,256],{"class":255},[60,14017,166],{"class":74},[60,14019,695],{"class":78},[60,14021,82],{"class":74},[60,14023,267],{"class":255},[60,14025,11682],{"class":259},[60,14027,256],{"class":255},[60,14029,166],{"class":74},[60,14031,85],{"class":78},[60,14033,9244],{"class":74},[60,14035,14036,14039,14041],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,14037,14038],{"class":66},"assigned ",[60,14040,71],{"class":70},[60,14042,12060],{"class":66},[60,14044,14045],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,14046,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,14048,14049,14052,14054,14056,14058,14060,14062,14064],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,14050,14051],{"class":66},"assigned",[60,14053,3854],{"class":74},[60,14055,256],{"class":255},[60,14057,2139],{"class":259},[60,14059,256],{"class":255},[60,14061,13208],{"class":74},[60,14063,13211],{"class":70},[60,14065,14066],{"class":78}," 99\n",[60,14068,14069],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,14070,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,14072,14073,14075,14077,14079,14081,14083,14085,14087],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,14074,135],{"class":134},[60,14076,122],{"class":74},[60,14078,256],{"class":255},[60,14080,13229],{"class":259},[60,14082,256],{"class":255},[60,14084,82],{"class":74},[60,14086,12097],{"class":118},[60,14088,128],{"class":74},[60,14090,14091,14093,14095,14097,14100,14102,14104,14107],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,14092,135],{"class":134},[60,14094,122],{"class":74},[60,14096,256],{"class":255},[60,14098,14099],{"class":259},"Assigned:",[60,14101,256],{"class":255},[60,14103,82],{"class":74},[60,14105,14106],{"class":118}," assigned",[60,14108,128],{"class":74},[60,14110,14111,14113,14115,14117,14119,14121],{"class":62,"line":6367},[60,14112,135],{"class":134},[60,14114,122],{"class":74},[60,14116,12022],{"class":118},[60,14118,12130],{"class":1537},[60,14120,14106],{"class":118},[60,14122,128],{"class":74},[20,14124,14125],{},[3698,14126,318],{},[51,14128,14130],{"className":53,"code":14129,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,14131,14132,14164,14197],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,14133,14134,14136,14138,14140,14142,14144,14146,14148,14150,14152,14154,14156,14158,14160,14162],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,14135,13271],{"class":66},[60,14137,166],{"class":74},[60,14139,10426],{"class":74},[60,14141,3261],{"class":255},[60,14143,2139],{"class":259},[60,14145,3261],{"class":255},[60,14147,166],{"class":74},[60,14149,10132],{"class":78},[60,14151,82],{"class":74},[60,14153,3256],{"class":255},[60,14155,11682],{"class":259},[60,14157,3261],{"class":255},[60,14159,166],{"class":74},[60,14161,85],{"class":78},[60,14163,9244],{"class":74},[60,14165,14166,14169,14171,14173,14175,14177,14179,14181,14183,14185,14187,14189,14191,14193,14195],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,14167,14168],{"class":66},"Assigned",[60,14170,166],{"class":74},[60,14172,10426],{"class":74},[60,14174,3261],{"class":255},[60,14176,2139],{"class":259},[60,14178,3261],{"class":255},[60,14180,166],{"class":74},[60,14182,10132],{"class":78},[60,14184,82],{"class":74},[60,14186,3256],{"class":255},[60,14188,11682],{"class":259},[60,14190,3261],{"class":255},[60,14192,166],{"class":74},[60,14194,85],{"class":78},[60,14196,9244],{"class":74},[60,14198,14199],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,14200,3933],{"class":685},[553,14202,8356,14204],{"id":14203},"using-copy",[15,14205,12713],{},[51,14207,14209],{"className":53,"code":14208,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,14210,14211,14243,14258,14262,14281,14285,14303,14323],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,14212,14213,14215,14217,14219,14221,14223,14225,14227,14229,14231,14233,14235,14237,14239,14241],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,14214,12022],{"class":66},[60,14216,71],{"class":70},[60,14218,10426],{"class":74},[60,14220,256],{"class":255},[60,14222,2139],{"class":259},[60,14224,256],{"class":255},[60,14226,166],{"class":74},[60,14228,695],{"class":78},[60,14230,82],{"class":74},[60,14232,267],{"class":255},[60,14234,11682],{"class":259},[60,14236,256],{"class":255},[60,14238,166],{"class":74},[60,14240,85],{"class":78},[60,14242,9244],{"class":74},[60,14244,14245,14248,14250,14252,14254,14256],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,14246,14247],{"class":66},"copied ",[60,14249,71],{"class":70},[60,14251,12097],{"class":66},[60,14253,115],{"class":74},[60,14255,12848],{"class":118},[60,14257,8579],{"class":74},[60,14259,14260],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,14261,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,14263,14264,14267,14269,14271,14273,14275,14277,14279],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,14265,14266],{"class":66},"copied",[60,14268,3854],{"class":74},[60,14270,256],{"class":255},[60,14272,2139],{"class":259},[60,14274,256],{"class":255},[60,14276,13208],{"class":74},[60,14278,13211],{"class":70},[60,14280,14066],{"class":78},[60,14282,14283],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,14284,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,14286,14287,14289,14291,14293,14295,14297,14299,14301],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,14288,135],{"class":134},[60,14290,122],{"class":74},[60,14292,256],{"class":255},[60,14294,13229],{"class":259},[60,14296,256],{"class":255},[60,14298,82],{"class":74},[60,14300,12097],{"class":118},[60,14302,128],{"class":74},[60,14304,14305,14307,14309,14311,14314,14316,14318,14321],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,14306,135],{"class":134},[60,14308,122],{"class":74},[60,14310,256],{"class":255},[60,14312,14313],{"class":259},"Copied:",[60,14315,256],{"class":255},[60,14317,82],{"class":74},[60,14319,14320],{"class":118}," copied",[60,14322,128],{"class":74},[60,14324,14325,14327,14329,14331,14333,14335],{"class":62,"line":6367},[60,14326,135],{"class":134},[60,14328,122],{"class":74},[60,14330,12022],{"class":118},[60,14332,12130],{"class":1537},[60,14334,14320],{"class":118},[60,14336,128],{"class":74},[20,14338,14339],{},[3698,14340,318],{},[51,14342,14344],{"className":53,"code":14343,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,14345,14346,14378,14411],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,14347,14348,14350,14352,14354,14356,14358,14360,14362,14364,14366,14368,14370,14372,14374,14376],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,14349,13271],{"class":66},[60,14351,166],{"class":74},[60,14353,10426],{"class":74},[60,14355,3261],{"class":255},[60,14357,2139],{"class":259},[60,14359,3261],{"class":255},[60,14361,166],{"class":74},[60,14363,695],{"class":78},[60,14365,82],{"class":74},[60,14367,3256],{"class":255},[60,14369,11682],{"class":259},[60,14371,3261],{"class":255},[60,14373,166],{"class":74},[60,14375,85],{"class":78},[60,14377,9244],{"class":74},[60,14379,14380,14383,14385,14387,14389,14391,14393,14395,14397,14399,14401,14403,14405,14407,14409],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,14381,14382],{"class":66},"Copied",[60,14384,166],{"class":74},[60,14386,10426],{"class":74},[60,14388,3261],{"class":255},[60,14390,2139],{"class":259},[60,14392,3261],{"class":255},[60,14394,166],{"class":74},[60,14396,10132],{"class":78},[60,14398,82],{"class":74},[60,14400,3256],{"class":255},[60,14402,11682],{"class":259},[60,14404,3261],{"class":255},[60,14406,166],{"class":74},[60,14408,85],{"class":78},[60,14410,9244],{"class":74},[60,14412,14413],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,14414,3994],{"class":685},[20,14416,14417],{},"Summary:",[30,14419,14420,14426],{},[33,14421,14422,14425],{},[15,14423,14424],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[33,14427,14428,14431],{},[15,14429,14430],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[46,14433,14435],{"id":14434},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,14437,14438,166],{},[15,14439,12713],{},[30,14441,14442,14445,14448,14451],{},[33,14443,14444],{},"Returns a dictionary",[33,14446,14447],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[33,14449,14450],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[33,14452,14453],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,14455,238],{},[51,14457,14459],{"className":53,"code":14458,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,14460,14461,14493,14508,14512,14530,14550,14554,14572],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,14462,14463,14465,14467,14469,14471,14473,14475,14477,14479,14481,14483,14485,14487,14489,14491],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,14464,1127],{"class":66},[60,14466,71],{"class":70},[60,14468,10426],{"class":74},[60,14470,256],{"class":255},[60,14472,260],{"class":259},[60,14474,256],{"class":255},[60,14476,166],{"class":74},[60,14478,695],{"class":78},[60,14480,82],{"class":74},[60,14482,267],{"class":255},[60,14484,270],{"class":259},[60,14486,256],{"class":255},[60,14488,166],{"class":74},[60,14490,85],{"class":78},[60,14492,9244],{"class":74},[60,14494,14495,14498,14500,14502,14504,14506],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,14496,14497],{"class":66},"data_copy ",[60,14499,71],{"class":70},[60,14501,1178],{"class":66},[60,14503,115],{"class":74},[60,14505,12848],{"class":118},[60,14507,8579],{"class":74},[60,14509,14510],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,14511,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,14513,14514,14516,14518,14520,14522,14524,14526,14528],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,14515,9139],{"class":66},[60,14517,3854],{"class":74},[60,14519,256],{"class":255},[60,14521,260],{"class":259},[60,14523,256],{"class":255},[60,14525,13208],{"class":74},[60,14527,13211],{"class":70},[60,14529,2548],{"class":78},[60,14531,14532,14535,14537,14539,14541,14543,14545,14547],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,14533,14534],{"class":66},"data_copy",[60,14536,3854],{"class":74},[60,14538,256],{"class":255},[60,14540,270],{"class":259},[60,14542,256],{"class":255},[60,14544,13208],{"class":74},[60,14546,13211],{"class":70},[60,14548,14549],{"class":78}," 20\n",[60,14551,14552],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,14553,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,14555,14556,14558,14560,14562,14564,14566,14568,14570],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,14557,135],{"class":134},[60,14559,122],{"class":74},[60,14561,256],{"class":255},[60,14563,13229],{"class":259},[60,14565,256],{"class":255},[60,14567,82],{"class":74},[60,14569,1178],{"class":118},[60,14571,128],{"class":74},[60,14573,14574,14576,14578,14580,14582,14584,14586,14589],{"class":62,"line":6367},[60,14575,135],{"class":134},[60,14577,122],{"class":74},[60,14579,256],{"class":255},[60,14581,13248],{"class":259},[60,14583,256],{"class":255},[60,14585,82],{"class":74},[60,14587,14588],{"class":118}," data_copy",[60,14590,128],{"class":74},[20,14592,14593],{},[3698,14594,318],{},[51,14596,14598],{"className":53,"code":14597,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,14599,14600,14632],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,14601,14602,14604,14606,14608,14610,14612,14614,14616,14618,14620,14622,14624,14626,14628,14630],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,14603,13271],{"class":66},[60,14605,166],{"class":74},[60,14607,10426],{"class":74},[60,14609,3261],{"class":255},[60,14611,260],{"class":259},[60,14613,3261],{"class":255},[60,14615,166],{"class":74},[60,14617,883],{"class":78},[60,14619,82],{"class":74},[60,14621,3256],{"class":255},[60,14623,270],{"class":259},[60,14625,3261],{"class":255},[60,14627,166],{"class":74},[60,14629,85],{"class":78},[60,14631,9244],{"class":74},[60,14633,14634,14636,14638,14640,14642,14644,14646,14648,14650,14652,14654,14656,14658,14660,14662],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,14635,13308],{"class":66},[60,14637,166],{"class":74},[60,14639,10426],{"class":74},[60,14641,3261],{"class":255},[60,14643,260],{"class":259},[60,14645,3261],{"class":255},[60,14647,166],{"class":74},[60,14649,695],{"class":78},[60,14651,82],{"class":74},[60,14653,3256],{"class":255},[60,14655,270],{"class":259},[60,14657,3261],{"class":255},[60,14659,166],{"class":74},[60,14661,878],{"class":78},[60,14663,9244],{"class":74},[46,14665,1351],{"id":1350},[20,14667,14668,14669,166],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,14670,12371],{},[30,14672,14673,14680,14685,14690],{},[33,14674,8356,14675,11028,14677,14679],{},[15,14676,71],{},[15,14678,12713],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[33,14681,4529,14682,14684],{},[15,14683,12713],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[33,14686,14687,14688],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,14689,12713],{},[33,14691,14692],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,14694,14695],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[51,14697,14699],{"className":53,"code":14698,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,14700,14701,14711,14721,14735,14758,14781],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,14702,14703,14705,14707,14709],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,14704,135],{"class":134},[60,14706,122],{"class":74},[60,14708,12069],{"class":118},[60,14710,128],{"class":74},[60,14712,14713,14715,14717,14719],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,14714,135],{"class":134},[60,14716,122],{"class":74},[60,14718,14266],{"class":118},[60,14720,128],{"class":74},[60,14722,14723,14725,14727,14729,14731,14733],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,14724,135],{"class":134},[60,14726,122],{"class":74},[60,14728,12022],{"class":118},[60,14730,12130],{"class":1537},[60,14732,14320],{"class":118},[60,14734,128],{"class":74},[60,14736,14737,14739,14741,14743,14745,14747,14749,14752,14754,14756],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,14738,135],{"class":134},[60,14740,122],{"class":74},[60,14742,12586],{"class":134},[60,14744,122],{"class":74},[60,14746,12069],{"class":118},[60,14748,9168],{"class":74},[60,14750,14751],{"class":134}," id",[60,14753,122],{"class":74},[60,14755,14266],{"class":118},[60,14757,315],{"class":74},[60,14759,14760,14762,14764,14766,14768,14770,14772,14774,14777,14779],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,14761,135],{"class":134},[60,14763,122],{"class":74},[60,14765,12586],{"class":134},[60,14767,122],{"class":74},[60,14769,12069],{"class":118},[60,14771,3854],{"class":74},[60,14773,256],{"class":255},[60,14775,14776],{"class":259},"key",[60,14778,256],{"class":255},[60,14780,2958],{"class":74},[60,14782,14783,14785,14787,14789,14791,14793,14795,14797,14799,14801],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,14784,135],{"class":134},[60,14786,122],{"class":74},[60,14788,12586],{"class":134},[60,14790,122],{"class":74},[60,14792,14266],{"class":118},[60,14794,3854],{"class":74},[60,14796,256],{"class":255},[60,14798,14776],{"class":259},[60,14800,256],{"class":255},[60,14802,2958],{"class":74},[20,14804,14805],{},"What these help you check:",[30,14807,14808,14811,14814],{},[33,14809,14810],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[33,14812,14813],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[33,14815,14816],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,14818,14819,14820,115],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[260,14821,14823],{"href":14822},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[46,14825,1773],{"id":1772},[553,14827,1777,14829,14831],{"id":14828},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,14830,12371],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,14833,14834],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[553,14836,1806,14838,14840],{"id":14837},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,14839,12371],{}," a deep copy?",[20,14842,14843],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[553,14845,5126,14847,544,14849,1435],{"id":14846},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,14848,12713],{},[15,14850,71],{},[20,14852,14853,14855,14856,14858],{},[15,14854,12713],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,14857,71],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[553,14860,14862],{"id":14861},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,14864,14865],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[46,14867,1842],{"id":1841},[30,14869,14870,14874,14878,14882,14889,14895],{},[33,14871,14872],{},[260,14873,11178],{"href":12963},[33,14875,14876],{},[260,14877,9091],{"href":12960},[33,14879,14880],{},[260,14881,13726],{"href":13725},[33,14883,14884],{},[260,14885,10673,14886,1869],{"href":13968},[15,14887,14888],{},"update()",[33,14890,14891],{},[260,14892,10673,14893,1869],{"href":12760},[15,14894,11257],{},[33,14896,14897],{},[260,14898,14899],{"href":14822},"How to copy a list in Python",[1885,14901,14902],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":14904},[14905,14906,14908,14909,14910,14911,14913,14919,14920,14921,14930],{"id":1971,"depth":104,"text":1972},{"id":12932,"depth":104,"text":14907},"What the copy() method does",{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199},{"id":11410,"depth":104,"text":11411},{"id":13368,"depth":104,"text":13369},{"id":13729,"depth":104,"text":14912},"When to use copy()",{"id":13978,"depth":104,"text":14914,"children":14915},"copy() vs assignment",[14916,14917],{"id":13995,"depth":131,"text":13996},{"id":14203,"depth":131,"text":14918},"Using copy()",{"id":14434,"depth":104,"text":14435},{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":14922},[14923,14925,14927,14929],{"id":14828,"depth":131,"text":14924},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":14837,"depth":131,"text":14926},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":14846,"depth":131,"text":14928},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":14861,"depth":131,"text":14862},{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12766,"description":14931},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":14938,"title":14939,"body":14940,"description":17138,"extension":1930,"meta":17139,"navigation":421,"path":12963,"seo":17140,"stem":17141,"__hash__":17142},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":14941,"toc":17100},[14942,14945,14951,14960,14962,15038,15042,15091,15094,15098,15112,15115,15119,15132,15135,15168,15182,15185,15197,15201,15204,15212,15292,15296,15349,15353,15371,15373,15455,15458,15460,15463,15466,15489,15513,15517,15525,15528,15532,15541,15546,15604,15608,15641,15647,15653,15656,15711,15715,15765,15768,15774,15777,15785,15787,15832,15837,15846,15849,15852,15899,15901,15906,15909,16003,16007,16060,16063,16119,16122,16126,16129,16143,16147,16213,16217,16242,16245,16249,16327,16331,16334,16337,16357,16360,16413,16417,16420,16423,16436,16438,16527,16534,16537,16548,16550,16553,16573,16577,16580,16589,16592,16631,16635,16637,16646,16655,16657,16695,16699,16746,16750,16771,16775,16778,16890,16895,16992,17014,17016,17020,17027,17031,17037,17041,17044,17048,17051,17058,17066,17068,17094,17097],[10,14943,14939],{"id":14944},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,14946,14947,14948,14950],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[3698,14949,9067],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,14952,14953,14954,1460,14956,115],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[260,14955,9091],{"href":9090},[260,14957,14959],{"href":14958},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[46,14961,1972],{"id":1971},[51,14963,14965],{"className":53,"code":14964,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,14966,14967,14975,14993,15007,15020,15024,15028],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,14968,14969,14971,14973],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,14970,12800],{"class":66},[60,14972,71],{"class":70},[60,14974,11429],{"class":74},[60,14976,14977,14979,14981,14983,14985,14987,14989,14991],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,14978,11434],{"class":255},[60,14980,7611],{"class":259},[60,14982,256],{"class":255},[60,14984,166],{"class":74},[60,14986,267],{"class":255},[60,14988,12817],{"class":259},[60,14990,256],{"class":255},[60,14992,11450],{"class":74},[60,14994,14995,14997,14999,15001,15003,15005],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,14996,11434],{"class":255},[60,14998,9234],{"class":259},[60,15000,256],{"class":255},[60,15002,166],{"class":74},[60,15004,878],{"class":78},[60,15006,11450],{"class":74},[60,15008,15009,15011,15014,15016,15018],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,15010,11434],{"class":255},[60,15012,15013],{"class":259},"is_active",[60,15015,256],{"class":255},[60,15017,166],{"class":74},[60,15019,6364],{"class":685},[60,15021,15022],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,15023,9244],{"class":74},[60,15025,15026],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,15027,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,15029,15030,15032,15034,15036],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,15031,135],{"class":134},[60,15033,122],{"class":74},[60,15035,13561],{"class":118},[60,15037,128],{"class":74},[20,15039,15040],{},[3698,15041,318],{},[51,15043,15045],{"className":53,"code":15044,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,15046,15047],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,15048,15049,15051,15053,15055,15057,15059,15061,15063,15065,15067,15069,15071,15073,15075,15077,15079,15081,15083,15085,15087,15089],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,15050,9213],{"class":74},[60,15052,3261],{"class":255},[60,15054,7611],{"class":259},[60,15056,3261],{"class":255},[60,15058,166],{"class":74},[60,15060,3256],{"class":255},[60,15062,12817],{"class":259},[60,15064,3261],{"class":255},[60,15066,82],{"class":74},[60,15068,3256],{"class":255},[60,15070,9234],{"class":259},[60,15072,3261],{"class":255},[60,15074,166],{"class":74},[60,15076,878],{"class":78},[60,15078,82],{"class":74},[60,15080,3256],{"class":255},[60,15082,15013],{"class":259},[60,15084,3261],{"class":255},[60,15086,166],{"class":74},[60,15088,686],{"class":685},[60,15090,9244],{"class":74},[20,15092,15093],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[46,15095,15097],{"id":15096},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[30,15099,15100,15103,15106,15109],{},[33,15101,15102],{},"What a dictionary is",[33,15104,15105],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[33,15107,15108],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[33,15110,15111],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[46,15113,15102],{"id":15114},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,15116,9064,15117,115],{},[3698,15118,9067],{},[30,15120,15121,15127],{},[33,15122,15123,15124,15126],{},"A ",[3698,15125,14776],{}," is the label",[33,15128,15123,15129,15131],{},[3698,15130,221],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,15133,15134],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[51,15136,15138],{"className":53,"code":15137,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,15139,15140,15148,15164],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,15141,15142,15144,15146],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,15143,12800],{"class":66},[60,15145,71],{"class":70},[60,15147,11429],{"class":74},[60,15149,15150,15152,15154,15156,15158,15160,15162],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,15151,11434],{"class":255},[60,15153,7611],{"class":259},[60,15155,256],{"class":255},[60,15157,166],{"class":74},[60,15159,267],{"class":255},[60,15161,12817],{"class":259},[60,15163,3320],{"class":255},[60,15165,15166],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,15167,9244],{"class":74},[30,15169,15170,15176],{},[33,15171,15172,15175],{},[15,15173,15174],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[33,15177,15178,15181],{},[15,15179,15180],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,15183,15184],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[30,15186,15187,15189,15191,15194],{},[33,15188,7611],{},[33,15190,9234],{},[33,15192,15193],{},"email",[33,15195,15196],{},"country",[46,15198,15200],{"id":15199},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,15202,15203],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,15205,150,15206,15208,15209,115],{},[15,15207,3748],{}," and write each item as ",[15,15210,15211],{},"key: value",[51,15213,15215],{"className":53,"code":15214,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15216,15217,15225,15243,15257,15274,15278,15282],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,15218,15219,15221,15223],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,15220,12800],{"class":66},[60,15222,71],{"class":70},[60,15224,11429],{"class":74},[60,15226,15227,15229,15231,15233,15235,15237,15239,15241],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,15228,11434],{"class":255},[60,15230,7611],{"class":259},[60,15232,256],{"class":255},[60,15234,166],{"class":74},[60,15236,267],{"class":255},[60,15238,12817],{"class":259},[60,15240,256],{"class":255},[60,15242,11450],{"class":74},[60,15244,15245,15247,15249,15251,15253,15255],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,15246,11434],{"class":255},[60,15248,9234],{"class":259},[60,15250,256],{"class":255},[60,15252,166],{"class":74},[60,15254,878],{"class":78},[60,15256,11450],{"class":74},[60,15258,15259,15261,15264,15266,15268,15270,15272],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,15260,11434],{"class":255},[60,15262,15263],{"class":259},"course",[60,15265,256],{"class":255},[60,15267,166],{"class":74},[60,15269,267],{"class":255},[60,15271,7239],{"class":259},[60,15273,3320],{"class":255},[60,15275,15276],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,15277,9244],{"class":74},[60,15279,15280],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,15281,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,15283,15284,15286,15288,15290],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,15285,135],{"class":134},[60,15287,122],{"class":74},[60,15289,13561],{"class":118},[60,15291,128],{"class":74},[20,15293,15294],{},[3698,15295,318],{},[51,15297,15299],{"className":53,"code":15298,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,15300,15301],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,15302,15303,15305,15307,15309,15311,15313,15315,15317,15319,15321,15323,15325,15327,15329,15331,15333,15335,15337,15339,15341,15343,15345,15347],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,15304,9213],{"class":74},[60,15306,3261],{"class":255},[60,15308,7611],{"class":259},[60,15310,3261],{"class":255},[60,15312,166],{"class":74},[60,15314,3256],{"class":255},[60,15316,12817],{"class":259},[60,15318,3261],{"class":255},[60,15320,82],{"class":74},[60,15322,3256],{"class":255},[60,15324,9234],{"class":259},[60,15326,3261],{"class":255},[60,15328,166],{"class":74},[60,15330,878],{"class":78},[60,15332,82],{"class":74},[60,15334,3256],{"class":255},[60,15336,15263],{"class":259},[60,15338,3261],{"class":255},[60,15340,166],{"class":74},[60,15342,3256],{"class":255},[60,15344,7239],{"class":259},[60,15346,3261],{"class":255},[60,15348,9244],{"class":74},[553,15350,15352],{"id":15351},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[30,15354,15355,15360,15365,15368],{},[33,15356,150,15357,15359],{},[15,15358,3748],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[33,15361,15362,15363],{},"Write each item as ",[15,15364,15211],{},[33,15366,15367],{},"Separate items with commas",[33,15369,15370],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,15372,238],{},[51,15374,15376],{"className":53,"code":15375,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,15377,15378,15387,15407,15423,15436,15440,15444],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,15379,15380,15383,15385],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,15381,15382],{"class":66},"book ",[60,15384,71],{"class":70},[60,15386,11429],{"class":74},[60,15388,15389,15391,15394,15396,15398,15400,15403,15405],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,15390,11434],{"class":255},[60,15392,15393],{"class":259},"title",[60,15395,256],{"class":255},[60,15397,166],{"class":74},[60,15399,267],{"class":255},[60,15401,15402],{"class":259},"Python Basics",[60,15404,256],{"class":255},[60,15406,11450],{"class":74},[60,15408,15409,15411,15414,15416,15418,15421],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,15410,11434],{"class":255},[60,15412,15413],{"class":259},"pages",[60,15415,256],{"class":255},[60,15417,166],{"class":74},[60,15419,15420],{"class":78}," 150",[60,15422,11450],{"class":74},[60,15424,15425,15427,15430,15432,15434],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,15426,11434],{"class":255},[60,15428,15429],{"class":259},"available",[60,15431,256],{"class":255},[60,15433,166],{"class":74},[60,15435,6364],{"class":685},[60,15437,15438],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,15439,9244],{"class":74},[60,15441,15442],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,15443,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,15445,15446,15448,15450,15453],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,15447,135],{"class":134},[60,15449,122],{"class":74},[60,15451,15452],{"class":118},"book",[60,15454,128],{"class":74},[20,15456,15457],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[46,15459,9338],{"id":9337},[20,15461,15462],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,15464,15465],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[51,15467,15469],{"className":53,"code":15468,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,15470,15471,15479],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,15472,15473,15475,15477],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,15474,1127],{"class":66},[60,15476,71],{"class":70},[60,15478,9773],{"class":74},[60,15480,15481,15483,15485,15487],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,15482,135],{"class":134},[60,15484,122],{"class":74},[60,15486,9139],{"class":118},[60,15488,128],{"class":74},[51,15490,15491],{"className":53,"code":9341,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,15492,15493,15503],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,15494,15495,15497,15499,15501],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,15496,1127],{"class":66},[60,15498,71],{"class":70},[60,15500,9105],{"class":1656},[60,15502,8579],{"class":74},[60,15504,15505,15507,15509,15511],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,15506,135],{"class":134},[60,15508,122],{"class":74},[60,15510,9139],{"class":118},[60,15512,128],{"class":74},[20,15514,15515],{},[3698,15516,318],{},[51,15518,15519],{"className":53,"code":9370,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,15520,15521],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,15522,15523],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,15524,9370],{"class":74},[20,15526,15527],{},"Both are correct.",[553,15529,15531],{"id":15530},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,15533,15534,15536,15537,15540],{},[15,15535,3748],{}," creates an empty ",[3698,15538,15539],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,15542,15543,15544,115],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,15545,3753],{},[51,15547,15549],{"className":53,"code":15548,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,15550,15551,15559,15571,15575,15589],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,15552,15553,15555,15557],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,15554,11661],{"class":66},[60,15556,71],{"class":70},[60,15558,9773],{"class":74},[60,15560,15561,15564,15566,15569],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,15562,15563],{"class":66},"my_set ",[60,15565,71],{"class":70},[60,15567,15568],{"class":1656}," set",[60,15570,8579],{"class":74},[60,15572,15573],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,15574,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,15576,15577,15579,15581,15583,15585,15587],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,15578,135],{"class":134},[60,15580,122],{"class":74},[60,15582,1657],{"class":1656},[60,15584,122],{"class":74},[60,15586,11385],{"class":118},[60,15588,315],{"class":74},[60,15590,15591,15593,15595,15597,15599,15602],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,15592,135],{"class":134},[60,15594,122],{"class":74},[60,15596,1657],{"class":1656},[60,15598,122],{"class":74},[60,15600,15601],{"class":118},"my_set",[60,15603,315],{"class":74},[20,15605,15606],{},[3698,15607,318],{},[51,15609,15611],{"className":53,"code":15610,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,15612,15613,15627],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,15614,15615,15617,15619,15621,15623,15625],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,15616,3250],{"class":70},[60,15618,3253],{"class":2033},[60,15620,3256],{"class":255},[60,15622,8756],{"class":259},[60,15624,3261],{"class":255},[60,15626,3264],{"class":70},[60,15628,15629,15631,15633,15635,15637,15639],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,15630,3250],{"class":70},[60,15632,3253],{"class":2033},[60,15634,3256],{"class":255},[60,15636,6228],{"class":259},[60,15638,3261],{"class":255},[60,15640,3264],{"class":70},[46,15642,15644,15645],{"id":15643},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,15646,9055],{},[20,15648,15649,15650,15652],{},"You can also use ",[15,15651,9055],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,15654,15655],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[51,15657,15659],{"className":53,"code":15658,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,15660,15661,15701],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,15662,15663,15665,15667,15669,15671,15673,15675,15677,15679,15681,15683,15685,15687,15690,15692,15695,15697,15699],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,15664,12800],{"class":66},[60,15666,71],{"class":70},[60,15668,9105],{"class":1656},[60,15670,122],{"class":74},[60,15672,7611],{"class":9110},[60,15674,71],{"class":70},[60,15676,256],{"class":255},[60,15678,12817],{"class":259},[60,15680,256],{"class":255},[60,15682,82],{"class":74},[60,15684,9123],{"class":9110},[60,15686,71],{"class":70},[60,15688,15689],{"class":78},"20",[60,15691,82],{"class":74},[60,15693,15694],{"class":9110}," active",[60,15696,71],{"class":70},[60,15698,547],{"class":685},[60,15700,128],{"class":74},[60,15702,15703,15705,15707,15709],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,15704,135],{"class":134},[60,15706,122],{"class":74},[60,15708,13561],{"class":118},[60,15710,128],{"class":74},[20,15712,15713],{},[3698,15714,318],{},[51,15716,15718],{"className":53,"code":15717,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,15719,15720],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,15721,15722,15724,15726,15728,15730,15732,15734,15736,15738,15740,15742,15744,15746,15748,15750,15752,15754,15757,15759,15761,15763],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,15723,9213],{"class":74},[60,15725,3261],{"class":255},[60,15727,7611],{"class":259},[60,15729,3261],{"class":255},[60,15731,166],{"class":74},[60,15733,3256],{"class":255},[60,15735,12817],{"class":259},[60,15737,3261],{"class":255},[60,15739,82],{"class":74},[60,15741,3256],{"class":255},[60,15743,9234],{"class":259},[60,15745,3261],{"class":255},[60,15747,166],{"class":74},[60,15749,878],{"class":78},[60,15751,82],{"class":74},[60,15753,3256],{"class":255},[60,15755,15756],{"class":259},"active",[60,15758,3261],{"class":255},[60,15760,166],{"class":74},[60,15762,686],{"class":685},[60,15764,9244],{"class":74},[20,15766,15767],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[553,15769,15771,15772],{"id":15770},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,15773,9055],{},[20,15775,15776],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[30,15778,15779,15782],{},[33,15780,15781],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[33,15783,15784],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,15786,6630],{},[51,15788,15790],{"className":53,"code":15789,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,15791,15792,15822],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,15793,15794,15796,15798,15800,15802,15804,15806,15808,15810,15812,15814,15816,15818,15820],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,15795,11424],{"class":66},[60,15797,71],{"class":70},[60,15799,9105],{"class":1656},[60,15801,122],{"class":74},[60,15803,7611],{"class":9110},[60,15805,71],{"class":70},[60,15807,256],{"class":255},[60,15809,1568],{"class":259},[60,15811,256],{"class":255},[60,15813,82],{"class":74},[60,15815,9123],{"class":9110},[60,15817,71],{"class":70},[60,15819,9128],{"class":78},[60,15821,128],{"class":74},[60,15823,15824,15826,15828,15830],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,15825,135],{"class":134},[60,15827,122],{"class":74},[60,15829,11518],{"class":118},[60,15831,128],{"class":74},[20,15833,4578,15834,15836],{},[3698,15835,4581],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[51,15838,15840],{"className":53,"code":15839,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,15841,15842],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,15843,15844],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,15845,15839],{"class":146},[20,15847,15848],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,15850,15851],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[51,15853,15855],{"className":53,"code":15854,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,15856,15857,15865,15881,15885,15889],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,15858,15859,15861,15863],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,15860,11424],{"class":66},[60,15862,71],{"class":70},[60,15864,11429],{"class":74},[60,15866,15867,15869,15871,15873,15875,15877,15879],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,15868,11434],{"class":255},[60,15870,10431],{"class":259},[60,15872,256],{"class":255},[60,15874,166],{"class":74},[60,15876,267],{"class":255},[60,15878,1568],{"class":259},[60,15880,3320],{"class":255},[60,15882,15883],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,15884,9244],{"class":74},[60,15886,15887],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,15888,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,15890,15891,15893,15895,15897],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,15892,135],{"class":134},[60,15894,122],{"class":74},[60,15896,11518],{"class":118},[60,15898,128],{"class":74},[46,15900,9380],{"id":9379},[20,15902,15903,15905],{},[15,15904,9055],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,15907,15908],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[51,15910,15912],{"className":53,"code":15911,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15913,15914,15971,15975,15989,15993],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,15915,15916,15918,15920,15922,15924,15926,15928,15930,15932,15934,15936,15938,15940,15942,15944,15946,15948,15950,15952,15954,15956,15958,15960,15962,15964,15967,15969],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,15917,9150],{"class":66},[60,15919,71],{"class":70},[60,15921,9155],{"class":74},[60,15923,256],{"class":255},[60,15925,7611],{"class":259},[60,15927,256],{"class":255},[60,15929,82],{"class":74},[60,15931,267],{"class":255},[60,15933,12817],{"class":259},[60,15935,256],{"class":255},[60,15937,9168],{"class":74},[60,15939,9171],{"class":74},[60,15941,256],{"class":255},[60,15943,9234],{"class":259},[60,15945,256],{"class":255},[60,15947,82],{"class":74},[60,15949,878],{"class":78},[60,15951,9168],{"class":74},[60,15953,9171],{"class":74},[60,15955,256],{"class":255},[60,15957,10344],{"class":259},[60,15959,256],{"class":255},[60,15961,82],{"class":74},[60,15963,267],{"class":255},[60,15965,15966],{"class":259},"Lima",[60,15968,256],{"class":255},[60,15970,9184],{"class":74},[60,15972,15973],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,15974,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,15976,15977,15979,15981,15983,15985,15987],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,15978,12800],{"class":66},[60,15980,71],{"class":70},[60,15982,9105],{"class":1656},[60,15984,122],{"class":74},[60,15986,9197],{"class":118},[60,15988,128],{"class":74},[60,15990,15991],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,15992,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,15994,15995,15997,15999,16001],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,15996,135],{"class":134},[60,15998,122],{"class":74},[60,16000,13561],{"class":118},[60,16002,128],{"class":74},[20,16004,16005],{},[3698,16006,318],{},[51,16008,16010],{"className":53,"code":16009,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,16011,16012],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,16013,16014,16016,16018,16020,16022,16024,16026,16028,16030,16032,16034,16036,16038,16040,16042,16044,16046,16048,16050,16052,16054,16056,16058],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,16015,9213],{"class":74},[60,16017,3261],{"class":255},[60,16019,7611],{"class":259},[60,16021,3261],{"class":255},[60,16023,166],{"class":74},[60,16025,3256],{"class":255},[60,16027,12817],{"class":259},[60,16029,3261],{"class":255},[60,16031,82],{"class":74},[60,16033,3256],{"class":255},[60,16035,9234],{"class":259},[60,16037,3261],{"class":255},[60,16039,166],{"class":74},[60,16041,878],{"class":78},[60,16043,82],{"class":74},[60,16045,3256],{"class":255},[60,16047,10344],{"class":259},[60,16049,3261],{"class":255},[60,16051,166],{"class":74},[60,16053,3256],{"class":255},[60,16055,15966],{"class":259},[60,16057,3261],{"class":255},[60,16059,9244],{"class":74},[20,16061,16062],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[51,16064,16066],{"className":53,"code":16065,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,16067,16068,16109],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,16069,16070,16072,16074,16076,16079,16081,16083,16085,16087,16089,16091,16093,16095,16097,16099,16101,16103,16105,16107],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,16071,12800],{"class":66},[60,16073,71],{"class":70},[60,16075,9105],{"class":1656},[60,16077,16078],{"class":74},"(((",[60,16080,256],{"class":255},[60,16082,7611],{"class":259},[60,16084,256],{"class":255},[60,16086,82],{"class":74},[60,16088,267],{"class":255},[60,16090,12817],{"class":259},[60,16092,256],{"class":255},[60,16094,9168],{"class":74},[60,16096,9171],{"class":74},[60,16098,256],{"class":255},[60,16100,9234],{"class":259},[60,16102,256],{"class":255},[60,16104,82],{"class":74},[60,16106,878],{"class":78},[60,16108,2872],{"class":74},[60,16110,16111,16113,16115,16117],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,16112,135],{"class":134},[60,16114,122],{"class":74},[60,16116,13561],{"class":118},[60,16118,128],{"class":74},[20,16120,16121],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[46,16123,16125],{"id":16124},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,16127,16128],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[30,16130,16131,16134,16137,16140],{},[33,16132,16133],{},"Keys must be unique",[33,16135,16136],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[33,16138,16139],{},"Values can repeat",[33,16141,16142],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[553,16144,16146],{"id":16145},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[51,16148,16150],{"className":53,"code":16149,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,16151,16152,16160,16178,16195,16199,16203],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,16153,16154,16156,16158],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,16155,1127],{"class":66},[60,16157,71],{"class":70},[60,16159,11429],{"class":74},[60,16161,16162,16164,16166,16168,16170,16172,16174,16176],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,16163,11434],{"class":255},[60,16165,7611],{"class":259},[60,16167,256],{"class":255},[60,16169,166],{"class":74},[60,16171,267],{"class":255},[60,16173,12817],{"class":259},[60,16175,256],{"class":255},[60,16177,11450],{"class":74},[60,16179,16180,16182,16184,16186,16188,16190,16193],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,16181,11434],{"class":255},[60,16183,7611],{"class":259},[60,16185,256],{"class":255},[60,16187,166],{"class":74},[60,16189,267],{"class":255},[60,16191,16192],{"class":259},"Maria",[60,16194,3320],{"class":255},[60,16196,16197],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,16198,9244],{"class":74},[60,16200,16201],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,16202,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,16204,16205,16207,16209,16211],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,16206,135],{"class":134},[60,16208,122],{"class":74},[60,16210,9139],{"class":118},[60,16212,128],{"class":74},[20,16214,16215],{},[3698,16216,318],{},[51,16218,16220],{"className":53,"code":16219,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,16221,16222],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,16223,16224,16226,16228,16230,16232,16234,16236,16238,16240],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,16225,9213],{"class":74},[60,16227,3261],{"class":255},[60,16229,7611],{"class":259},[60,16231,3261],{"class":255},[60,16233,166],{"class":74},[60,16235,3256],{"class":255},[60,16237,16192],{"class":259},[60,16239,3261],{"class":255},[60,16241,9244],{"class":74},[20,16243,16244],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[553,16246,16248],{"id":16247},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[51,16250,16252],{"className":53,"code":16251,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,16253,16254,16262,16278,16294,16308,16312,16316],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,16255,16256,16258,16260],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,16257,5011],{"class":66},[60,16259,71],{"class":70},[60,16261,11429],{"class":74},[60,16263,16264,16267,16269,16271,16274,16276],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,16265,16266],{"class":78},"    1",[60,16268,166],{"class":74},[60,16270,267],{"class":255},[60,16272,16273],{"class":259},"low",[60,16275,256],{"class":255},[60,16277,11450],{"class":74},[60,16279,16280,16283,16285,16287,16290,16292],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,16281,16282],{"class":78},"    2",[60,16284,166],{"class":74},[60,16286,267],{"class":255},[60,16288,16289],{"class":259},"medium",[60,16291,256],{"class":255},[60,16293,11450],{"class":74},[60,16295,16296,16299,16301,16303,16306],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,16297,16298],{"class":78},"    3",[60,16300,166],{"class":74},[60,16302,267],{"class":255},[60,16304,16305],{"class":259},"high",[60,16307,3320],{"class":255},[60,16309,16310],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,16311,9244],{"class":74},[60,16313,16314],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,16315,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,16317,16318,16320,16322,16325],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,16319,135],{"class":134},[60,16321,122],{"class":74},[60,16323,16324],{"class":118},"scores",[60,16326,128],{"class":74},[553,16328,16330],{"id":16329},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,16332,16333],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,16335,16336],{},"This will cause an error:",[51,16338,16340],{"className":53,"code":16339,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,16341,16342,16347,16352],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,16343,16344],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,16345,16346],{"class":146},"# bad = {\n",[60,16348,16349],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,16350,16351],{"class":146},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[60,16353,16354],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,16355,16356],{"class":146},"# }\n",[20,16358,16359],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[51,16361,16363],{"className":53,"code":16362,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,16364,16365,16374,16394,16398,16402],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,16366,16367,16370,16372],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,16368,16369],{"class":66},"good ",[60,16371,71],{"class":70},[60,16373,11429],{"class":74},[60,16375,16376,16379,16381,16383,16385,16388,16390,16392],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,16377,16378],{"class":74},"    (",[60,16380,79],{"class":78},[60,16382,82],{"class":74},[60,16384,85],{"class":78},[60,16386,16387],{"class":74},"):",[60,16389,267],{"class":255},[60,16391,1506],{"class":259},[60,16393,3320],{"class":255},[60,16395,16396],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,16397,9244],{"class":74},[60,16399,16400],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,16401,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,16403,16404,16406,16408,16411],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,16405,135],{"class":134},[60,16407,122],{"class":74},[60,16409,16410],{"class":118},"good",[60,16412,128],{"class":74},[46,16414,16416],{"id":16415},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,16418,16419],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,16421,16422],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[30,16424,16425,16428,16430,16433],{},[33,16426,16427],{},"user data",[33,16429,13820],{},[33,16431,16432],{},"counters",[33,16434,16435],{},"lookups",[20,16437,238],{},[51,16439,16441],{"className":53,"code":16440,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,16442,16443,16451,16470,16489,16501,16505,16509],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,16444,16445,16447,16449],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,16446,11424],{"class":66},[60,16448,71],{"class":70},[60,16450,11429],{"class":74},[60,16452,16453,16455,16457,16459,16461,16463,16466,16468],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,16454,11434],{"class":255},[60,16456,7925],{"class":259},[60,16458,256],{"class":255},[60,16460,166],{"class":74},[60,16462,267],{"class":255},[60,16464,16465],{"class":259},"ana123",[60,16467,256],{"class":255},[60,16469,11450],{"class":74},[60,16471,16472,16474,16476,16478,16480,16482,16485,16487],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,16473,11434],{"class":255},[60,16475,15193],{"class":259},[60,16477,256],{"class":255},[60,16479,166],{"class":74},[60,16481,267],{"class":255},[60,16483,16484],{"class":259},"ana@example.com",[60,16486,256],{"class":255},[60,16488,11450],{"class":74},[60,16490,16491,16493,16495,16497,16499],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,16492,11434],{"class":255},[60,16494,12451],{"class":259},[60,16496,256],{"class":255},[60,16498,166],{"class":74},[60,16500,6364],{"class":685},[60,16502,16503],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,16504,9244],{"class":74},[60,16506,16507],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,16508,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,16510,16511,16513,16515,16517,16519,16521,16523,16525],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,16512,135],{"class":134},[60,16514,122],{"class":74},[60,16516,11518],{"class":118},[60,16518,3854],{"class":74},[60,16520,256],{"class":255},[60,16522,15193],{"class":259},[60,16524,256],{"class":255},[60,16526,1193],{"class":74},[20,16528,16529,16530,115],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[260,16531,16533],{"href":16532},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,16535,16536],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[30,16538,16539,16542,16545],{},[33,16540,16541],{},"labels are not needed",[33,16543,16544],{},"you mostly care about position",[33,16546,16547],{},"order matters more than named fields",[46,16549,1351],{"id":1350},[20,16551,16552],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[30,16554,16555,16558,16561,16564,16567],{},[33,16556,16557],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[33,16559,16560],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[33,16562,16563],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[33,16565,16566],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[33,16568,16569,16570,16572],{},"Mixing up ",[15,16571,3748],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[553,16574,16576],{"id":16575},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,16578,16579],{},"Wrong:",[51,16581,16583],{"className":53,"code":16582,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16584,16585],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,16586,16587],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,16588,16582],{"class":146},[20,16590,16591],{},"Correct:",[51,16593,16595],{"className":53,"code":16594,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16596,16597,16621],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,16598,16599,16601,16603,16605,16607,16609,16611,16613,16615,16617,16619],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,16600,12800],{"class":66},[60,16602,71],{"class":70},[60,16604,10426],{"class":74},[60,16606,256],{"class":255},[60,16608,7611],{"class":259},[60,16610,256],{"class":255},[60,16612,166],{"class":74},[60,16614,267],{"class":255},[60,16616,12817],{"class":259},[60,16618,256],{"class":255},[60,16620,9244],{"class":74},[60,16622,16623,16625,16627,16629],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,16624,135],{"class":134},[60,16626,122],{"class":74},[60,16628,13561],{"class":118},[60,16630,128],{"class":74},[553,16632,16634],{"id":16633},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,16636,16579],{},[51,16638,16640],{"className":53,"code":16639,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16641,16642],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,16643,16644],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,16645,16639],{"class":146},[20,16647,16648,16649,16651,16652,16654],{},"This only works if ",[15,16650,7611],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,16653,15174],{},", use quotes.",[20,16656,16591],{},[51,16658,16659],{"className":53,"code":16594,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,16660,16661,16685],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,16662,16663,16665,16667,16669,16671,16673,16675,16677,16679,16681,16683],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,16664,12800],{"class":66},[60,16666,71],{"class":70},[60,16668,10426],{"class":74},[60,16670,256],{"class":255},[60,16672,7611],{"class":259},[60,16674,256],{"class":255},[60,16676,166],{"class":74},[60,16678,267],{"class":255},[60,16680,12817],{"class":259},[60,16682,256],{"class":255},[60,16684,9244],{"class":74},[60,16686,16687,16689,16691,16693],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,16688,135],{"class":134},[60,16690,122],{"class":74},[60,16692,13561],{"class":118},[60,16694,128],{"class":74},[553,16696,16698],{"id":16697},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[51,16700,16702],{"className":53,"code":16701,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16703,16704,16736],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,16705,16706,16708,16710,16712,16714,16716,16718,16720,16722,16724,16726,16728,16730,16732,16734],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,16707,1127],{"class":66},[60,16709,71],{"class":70},[60,16711,10426],{"class":74},[60,16713,256],{"class":255},[60,16715,9234],{"class":259},[60,16717,256],{"class":255},[60,16719,166],{"class":74},[60,16721,878],{"class":78},[60,16723,82],{"class":74},[60,16725,267],{"class":255},[60,16727,9234],{"class":259},[60,16729,256],{"class":255},[60,16731,166],{"class":74},[60,16733,888],{"class":78},[60,16735,9244],{"class":74},[60,16737,16738,16740,16742,16744],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,16739,135],{"class":134},[60,16741,122],{"class":74},[60,16743,9139],{"class":118},[60,16745,128],{"class":74},[20,16747,16748],{},[3698,16749,318],{},[51,16751,16753],{"className":53,"code":16752,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,16754,16755],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,16756,16757,16759,16761,16763,16765,16767,16769],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,16758,9213],{"class":74},[60,16760,3261],{"class":255},[60,16762,9234],{"class":259},[60,16764,3261],{"class":255},[60,16766,166],{"class":74},[60,16768,888],{"class":78},[60,16770,9244],{"class":74},[46,16772,16774],{"id":16773},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,16776,16777],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[51,16779,16781],{"className":53,"code":16780,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,16782,16783,16819,16823,16833,16847,16862,16876],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,16784,16785,16787,16789,16791,16793,16795,16797,16799,16801,16803,16805,16807,16809,16811,16813,16815,16817],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,16786,11661],{"class":66},[60,16788,71],{"class":70},[60,16790,10426],{"class":74},[60,16792,256],{"class":255},[60,16794,7611],{"class":259},[60,16796,256],{"class":255},[60,16798,166],{"class":74},[60,16800,267],{"class":255},[60,16802,12817],{"class":259},[60,16804,256],{"class":255},[60,16806,82],{"class":74},[60,16808,267],{"class":255},[60,16810,9234],{"class":259},[60,16812,256],{"class":255},[60,16814,166],{"class":74},[60,16816,878],{"class":78},[60,16818,9244],{"class":74},[60,16820,16821],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,16822,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,16824,16825,16827,16829,16831],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,16826,135],{"class":134},[60,16828,122],{"class":74},[60,16830,11385],{"class":118},[60,16832,128],{"class":74},[60,16834,16835,16837,16839,16841,16843,16845],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,16836,135],{"class":134},[60,16838,122],{"class":74},[60,16840,1657],{"class":1656},[60,16842,122],{"class":74},[60,16844,11385],{"class":118},[60,16846,315],{"class":74},[60,16848,16849,16851,16853,16855,16857,16860],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,16850,135],{"class":134},[60,16852,122],{"class":74},[60,16854,11385],{"class":118},[60,16856,115],{"class":74},[60,16858,16859],{"class":118},"keys",[60,16861,7136],{"class":74},[60,16863,16864,16866,16868,16870,16872,16874],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,16865,135],{"class":134},[60,16867,122],{"class":74},[60,16869,11385],{"class":118},[60,16871,115],{"class":74},[60,16873,706],{"class":118},[60,16875,7136],{"class":74},[60,16877,16878,16880,16882,16884,16886,16888],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,16879,135],{"class":134},[60,16881,122],{"class":74},[60,16883,11097],{"class":134},[60,16885,122],{"class":74},[60,16887,11385],{"class":118},[60,16889,315],{"class":74},[20,16891,16892],{},[3698,16893,16894],{},"Example output:",[51,16896,16898],{"className":53,"code":16897,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,16899,16900,16932,16946,16969,16988],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,16901,16902,16904,16906,16908,16910,16912,16914,16916,16918,16920,16922,16924,16926,16928,16930],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,16903,9213],{"class":74},[60,16905,3261],{"class":255},[60,16907,7611],{"class":259},[60,16909,3261],{"class":255},[60,16911,166],{"class":74},[60,16913,3256],{"class":255},[60,16915,12817],{"class":259},[60,16917,3261],{"class":255},[60,16919,82],{"class":74},[60,16921,3256],{"class":255},[60,16923,9234],{"class":259},[60,16925,3261],{"class":255},[60,16927,166],{"class":74},[60,16929,878],{"class":78},[60,16931,9244],{"class":74},[60,16933,16934,16936,16938,16940,16942,16944],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,16935,3250],{"class":70},[60,16937,3253],{"class":2033},[60,16939,3256],{"class":255},[60,16941,8756],{"class":259},[60,16943,3261],{"class":255},[60,16945,3264],{"class":70},[60,16947,16948,16951,16953,16955,16957,16959,16961,16963,16965,16967],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,16949,16950],{"class":118},"dict_keys",[60,16952,835],{"class":74},[60,16954,3261],{"class":255},[60,16956,7611],{"class":259},[60,16958,3261],{"class":255},[60,16960,82],{"class":74},[60,16962,3256],{"class":255},[60,16964,9234],{"class":259},[60,16966,3261],{"class":255},[60,16968,1193],{"class":74},[60,16970,16971,16974,16976,16978,16980,16982,16984,16986],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,16972,16973],{"class":118},"dict_values",[60,16975,835],{"class":74},[60,16977,3261],{"class":255},[60,16979,12817],{"class":259},[60,16981,3261],{"class":255},[60,16983,82],{"class":74},[60,16985,878],{"class":78},[60,16987,1193],{"class":74},[60,16989,16990],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,16991,321],{"class":78},[20,16993,16994,16995,2154,17001,17007,17008,115],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[260,16996,10673,16998],{"href":16997},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,16999,17000],{},"keys()",[260,17002,10673,17004],{"href":17003},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,17005,17006],{},"values()",", and ",[260,17009,10673,17011],{"href":17010},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,17012,17013],{},"items()",[46,17015,1773],{"id":1772},[553,17017,17019],{"id":17018},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,17021,150,17022,1460,17024,17026],{},[15,17023,3748],{},[15,17025,9055],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[553,17028,17030],{"id":17029},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,17032,17033,17034,115],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,17035,17036],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[553,17038,17040],{"id":17039},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,17042,17043],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[553,17045,17047],{"id":17046},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,17049,17050],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[553,17052,5126,17054,544,17056,1435],{"id":17053},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,17055,3748],{},[15,17057,9055],{},[20,17059,17060,17062,17063,17065],{},[15,17061,3748],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,17064,9055],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[46,17067,1842],{"id":1841},[30,17069,17070,17074,17080,17084,17090],{},[33,17071,17072],{},[260,17073,9091],{"href":9090},[33,17075,17076],{},[260,17077,10673,17078,1869],{"href":10672},[15,17079,10676],{},[33,17081,17082],{},[260,17083,11187],{"href":10667},[33,17085,17086],{},[260,17087,17089],{"href":17088},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[33,17091,17092],{},[260,17093,11198],{"href":11010},[20,17095,17096],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[1885,17098,17099],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":17101},[17102,17103,17104,17105,17108,17111,17116,17117,17122,17123,17128,17129,17137],{"id":1971,"depth":104,"text":1972},{"id":15096,"depth":104,"text":15097},{"id":15114,"depth":104,"text":15102},{"id":15199,"depth":104,"text":15200,"children":17106},[17107],{"id":15351,"depth":131,"text":15352},{"id":9337,"depth":104,"text":9338,"children":17109},[17110],{"id":15530,"depth":131,"text":15531},{"id":15643,"depth":104,"text":17112,"children":17113},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17114],{"id":15770,"depth":131,"text":17115},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9379,"depth":104,"text":9380},{"id":16124,"depth":104,"text":16125,"children":17118},[17119,17120,17121],{"id":16145,"depth":131,"text":16146},{"id":16247,"depth":131,"text":16248},{"id":16329,"depth":131,"text":16330},{"id":16415,"depth":104,"text":16416},{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351,"children":17124},[17125,17126,17127],{"id":16575,"depth":131,"text":16576},{"id":16633,"depth":131,"text":16634},{"id":16697,"depth":131,"text":16698},{"id":16773,"depth":104,"text":16774},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":17130},[17131,17132,17133,17134,17135],{"id":17018,"depth":131,"text":17019},{"id":17029,"depth":131,"text":17030},{"id":17039,"depth":131,"text":17040},{"id":17046,"depth":131,"text":17047},{"id":17053,"depth":131,"text":17136},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":14939,"description":17138},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17144,"title":17145,"body":17146,"description":19594,"extension":1930,"meta":19595,"navigation":421,"path":19596,"seo":19597,"stem":19598,"__hash__":19599},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17147,"toc":19550},[17148,17154,17160,17163,17166,17168,17250,17256,17261,17265,17283,17295,17300,17304,17327,17331,17343,17351,17355,17361,17363,17366,17439,17441,17486,17488,17505,17510,17516,17521,17595,17597,17642,17645,17656,17658,17777,17779,17832,17839,17843,17846,17863,17869,17873,17971,17973,18024,18031,18035,18041,18044,18047,18074,18079,18083,18086,18190,18192,18237,18240,18243,18248,18253,18264,18266,18327,18387,18393,18401,18407,18412,18417,18477,18481,18548,18551,18555,18626,18629,18642,18649,18651,18655,18659,18730,18732,18769,18772,18775,18838,18845,18848,18890,18900,18903,18972,18978,18983,19067,19069,19118,19125,19131,19176,19178,19211,19216,19220,19226,19265,19309,19377,19420,19422,19428,19431,19435,19440,19444,19447,19451,19453,19514,19516,19542,19547],[10,17149,11254,17151,18],{"id":17150},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,17152,17153],{},"fromkeys()",[20,17155,17156,17159],{},[15,17157,17158],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,17161,17162],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,17164,17165],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[46,17167,1972],{"id":1971},[51,17169,17171],{"className":53,"code":17170,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,17172,17173,17206,17234,17245],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,17174,17175,17178,17180,17182,17184,17186,17188,17190,17192,17194,17196,17198,17200,17202,17204],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,17176,17177],{"class":66},"keys ",[60,17179,71],{"class":70},[60,17181,75],{"class":74},[60,17183,256],{"class":255},[60,17185,7611],{"class":259},[60,17187,256],{"class":255},[60,17189,82],{"class":74},[60,17191,267],{"class":255},[60,17193,9234],{"class":259},[60,17195,256],{"class":255},[60,17197,82],{"class":74},[60,17199,267],{"class":255},[60,17201,10344],{"class":259},[60,17203,256],{"class":255},[60,17205,101],{"class":74},[60,17207,17208,17210,17212,17214,17216,17219,17221,17223,17225,17227,17230,17232],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,17209,13139],{"class":66},[60,17211,71],{"class":70},[60,17213,9105],{"class":1656},[60,17215,115],{"class":74},[60,17217,17218],{"class":118},"fromkeys",[60,17220,122],{"class":74},[60,17222,16859],{"class":118},[60,17224,82],{"class":74},[60,17226,267],{"class":255},[60,17228,17229],{"class":259},"unknown",[60,17231,256],{"class":255},[60,17233,128],{"class":74},[60,17235,17236,17238,17240,17243],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,17237,135],{"class":134},[60,17239,122],{"class":74},[60,17241,17242],{"class":118},"person",[60,17244,128],{"class":74},[60,17246,17247],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,17248,17249],{"class":146},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,17251,150,17252,17255],{},[15,17253,17254],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[46,17257,158,17259,161],{"id":17258},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,17260,17158],{},[20,17262,17263,166],{},[15,17264,17158],{},[30,17266,17267,17270,17273,17276],{},[33,17268,17269],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[33,17271,17272],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[33,17274,17275],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[33,17277,17278,17279,17282],{},"Is called as ",[15,17280,17281],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,17284,17285,17286,17288,17289,17291,17292,115],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,17287,8756],{},", so you write ",[15,17290,17281],{}," instead of something like ",[15,17293,17294],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,17296,17297,17298,115],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[260,17299,9091],{"href":12960},[46,17301,17303],{"id":17302},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[51,17305,17307],{"className":53,"code":17306,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,17308,17309],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,17310,17311,17313,17315,17317,17319,17321,17323,17325],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,17312,8756],{"class":1656},[60,17314,115],{"class":74},[60,17316,17218],{"class":118},[60,17318,122],{"class":74},[60,17320,3675],{"class":118},[60,17322,82],{"class":74},[60,17324,8372],{"class":118},[60,17326,128],{"class":74},[553,17328,17330],{"id":17329},"parameters","Parameters",[30,17332,17333,17338],{},[33,17334,17335,17337],{},[15,17336,3675],{},": the keys to use",[33,17339,17340,17342],{},[15,17341,221],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,17344,17345,17346,17348,17349,115],{},"If you leave out ",[15,17347,221],{},", each key gets ",[15,17350,3734],{},[553,17352,17354],{"id":17353},"return-value","Return value",[20,17356,17357,17358,115],{},"It returns a ",[3698,17359,17360],{},"new dictionary",[46,17362,5733],{"id":5732},[20,17364,17365],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[51,17367,17369],{"className":53,"code":17368,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,17370,17371,17403,17425,17429],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,17372,17373,17375,17377,17379,17381,17383,17385,17387,17389,17391,17393,17395,17397,17399,17401],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,17374,17177],{"class":66},[60,17376,71],{"class":70},[60,17378,75],{"class":74},[60,17380,256],{"class":255},[60,17382,386],{"class":259},[60,17384,256],{"class":255},[60,17386,82],{"class":74},[60,17388,267],{"class":255},[60,17390,404],{"class":259},[60,17392,256],{"class":255},[60,17394,82],{"class":74},[60,17396,267],{"class":255},[60,17398,395],{"class":259},[60,17400,256],{"class":255},[60,17402,101],{"class":74},[60,17404,17405,17407,17409,17411,17413,17415,17417,17419,17421,17423],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,17406,377],{"class":66},[60,17408,71],{"class":70},[60,17410,9105],{"class":1656},[60,17412,115],{"class":74},[60,17414,17218],{"class":118},[60,17416,122],{"class":74},[60,17418,16859],{"class":118},[60,17420,82],{"class":74},[60,17422,3789],{"class":78},[60,17424,128],{"class":74},[60,17426,17427],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,17428,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,17430,17431,17433,17435,17437],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,17432,135],{"class":134},[60,17434,122],{"class":74},[60,17436,431],{"class":118},[60,17438,128],{"class":74},[20,17440,318],{},[51,17442,17444],{"className":53,"code":17443,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,17445,17446],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,17447,17448,17450,17452,17454,17456,17458,17460,17462,17464,17466,17468,17470,17472,17474,17476,17478,17480,17482,17484],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,17449,9213],{"class":74},[60,17451,3261],{"class":255},[60,17453,386],{"class":259},[60,17455,3261],{"class":255},[60,17457,166],{"class":74},[60,17459,3789],{"class":78},[60,17461,82],{"class":74},[60,17463,3256],{"class":255},[60,17465,404],{"class":259},[60,17467,3261],{"class":255},[60,17469,166],{"class":74},[60,17471,3789],{"class":78},[60,17473,82],{"class":74},[60,17475,3256],{"class":255},[60,17477,395],{"class":259},[60,17479,3261],{"class":255},[60,17481,166],{"class":74},[60,17483,3789],{"class":78},[60,17485,9244],{"class":74},[20,17487,11620],{},[30,17489,17490,17495,17500],{},[33,17491,17492,17494],{},[15,17493,16859],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[33,17496,17497,17499],{},[15,17498,195],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[33,17501,17502,17504],{},[15,17503,17158],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,17506,17507,17508,115],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[260,17509,9327],{"href":12963},[46,17511,8356,17513,17515],{"id":17512},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,17514,17153],{}," without a value",[20,17517,17518,17519,115],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,17520,3734],{},[51,17522,17524],{"className":53,"code":17523,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17525,17526,17560,17580,17584],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,17527,17528,17531,17533,17535,17537,17539,17541,17543,17545,17547,17549,17551,17553,17556,17558],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,17529,17530],{"class":66},"fields ",[60,17532,71],{"class":70},[60,17534,75],{"class":74},[60,17536,256],{"class":255},[60,17538,7925],{"class":259},[60,17540,256],{"class":255},[60,17542,82],{"class":74},[60,17544,267],{"class":255},[60,17546,15193],{"class":259},[60,17548,256],{"class":255},[60,17550,82],{"class":74},[60,17552,267],{"class":255},[60,17554,17555],{"class":259},"password",[60,17557,256],{"class":255},[60,17559,101],{"class":74},[60,17561,17562,17565,17567,17569,17571,17573,17575,17578],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,17563,17564],{"class":66},"user_data ",[60,17566,71],{"class":70},[60,17568,9105],{"class":1656},[60,17570,115],{"class":74},[60,17572,17218],{"class":118},[60,17574,122],{"class":74},[60,17576,17577],{"class":118},"fields",[60,17579,128],{"class":74},[60,17581,17582],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,17583,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,17585,17586,17588,17590,17593],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,17587,135],{"class":134},[60,17589,122],{"class":74},[60,17591,17592],{"class":118},"user_data",[60,17594,128],{"class":74},[20,17596,318],{},[51,17598,17600],{"className":53,"code":17599,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17601,17602],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,17603,17604,17606,17608,17610,17612,17614,17616,17618,17620,17622,17624,17626,17628,17630,17632,17634,17636,17638,17640],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,17605,9213],{"class":74},[60,17607,3261],{"class":255},[60,17609,7925],{"class":259},[60,17611,3261],{"class":255},[60,17613,166],{"class":74},[60,17615,3808],{"class":685},[60,17617,82],{"class":74},[60,17619,3256],{"class":255},[60,17621,15193],{"class":259},[60,17623,3261],{"class":255},[60,17625,166],{"class":74},[60,17627,3808],{"class":685},[60,17629,82],{"class":74},[60,17631,3256],{"class":255},[60,17633,17555],{"class":259},[60,17635,3261],{"class":255},[60,17637,166],{"class":74},[60,17639,3808],{"class":685},[60,17641,9244],{"class":74},[20,17643,17644],{},"This is useful when:",[30,17646,17647,17650,17653],{},[33,17648,17649],{},"You want to create the keys first",[33,17651,17652],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[33,17654,17655],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,17657,238],{},[51,17659,17661],{"className":53,"code":17660,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17662,17663,17695,17713,17717,17740,17763,17767],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,17664,17665,17667,17669,17671,17673,17675,17677,17679,17681,17683,17685,17687,17689,17691,17693],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,17666,17530],{"class":66},[60,17668,71],{"class":70},[60,17670,75],{"class":74},[60,17672,256],{"class":255},[60,17674,7925],{"class":259},[60,17676,256],{"class":255},[60,17678,82],{"class":74},[60,17680,267],{"class":255},[60,17682,15193],{"class":259},[60,17684,256],{"class":255},[60,17686,82],{"class":74},[60,17688,267],{"class":255},[60,17690,17555],{"class":259},[60,17692,256],{"class":255},[60,17694,101],{"class":74},[60,17696,17697,17699,17701,17703,17705,17707,17709,17711],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,17698,17564],{"class":66},[60,17700,71],{"class":70},[60,17702,9105],{"class":1656},[60,17704,115],{"class":74},[60,17706,17218],{"class":118},[60,17708,122],{"class":74},[60,17710,17577],{"class":118},[60,17712,128],{"class":74},[60,17714,17715],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,17716,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,17718,17719,17721,17723,17725,17727,17729,17731,17733,17735,17738],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,17720,17592],{"class":66},[60,17722,3854],{"class":74},[60,17724,256],{"class":255},[60,17726,7925],{"class":259},[60,17728,256],{"class":255},[60,17730,13208],{"class":74},[60,17732,13211],{"class":70},[60,17734,267],{"class":255},[60,17736,17737],{"class":259},"alice",[60,17739,3320],{"class":255},[60,17741,17742,17744,17746,17748,17750,17752,17754,17756,17758,17761],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,17743,17592],{"class":66},[60,17745,3854],{"class":74},[60,17747,256],{"class":255},[60,17749,15193],{"class":259},[60,17751,256],{"class":255},[60,17753,13208],{"class":74},[60,17755,13211],{"class":70},[60,17757,267],{"class":255},[60,17759,17760],{"class":259},"alice@example.com",[60,17762,3320],{"class":255},[60,17764,17765],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,17766,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,17768,17769,17771,17773,17775],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,17770,135],{"class":134},[60,17772,122],{"class":74},[60,17774,17592],{"class":118},[60,17776,128],{"class":74},[20,17778,318],{},[51,17780,17782],{"className":53,"code":17781,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,17783,17784],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,17785,17786,17788,17790,17792,17794,17796,17798,17800,17802,17804,17806,17808,17810,17812,17814,17816,17818,17820,17822,17824,17826,17828,17830],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,17787,9213],{"class":74},[60,17789,3261],{"class":255},[60,17791,7925],{"class":259},[60,17793,3261],{"class":255},[60,17795,166],{"class":74},[60,17797,3256],{"class":255},[60,17799,17737],{"class":259},[60,17801,3261],{"class":255},[60,17803,82],{"class":74},[60,17805,3256],{"class":255},[60,17807,15193],{"class":259},[60,17809,3261],{"class":255},[60,17811,166],{"class":74},[60,17813,3256],{"class":255},[60,17815,17760],{"class":259},[60,17817,3261],{"class":255},[60,17819,82],{"class":74},[60,17821,3256],{"class":255},[60,17823,17555],{"class":259},[60,17825,3261],{"class":255},[60,17827,166],{"class":74},[60,17829,3808],{"class":685},[60,17831,9244],{"class":74},[20,17833,17834,17835,115],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[260,17836,17838],{"href":17837},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[46,17840,17842],{"id":17841},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,17844,17845],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[30,17847,17848,17853,17858],{},[33,17849,17850,17852],{},[15,17851,3743],{}," (list)",[33,17854,17855,17857],{},[15,17856,3748],{}," (dictionary)",[33,17859,17860,17862],{},[15,17861,3753],{}," (set)",[20,17864,17865,17866,115],{},"All keys will point to the ",[3698,17867,17868],{},"same object",[553,17870,17872],{"id":17871},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[51,17874,17876],{"className":53,"code":17875,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17877,17878,17910,17931,17935,17957,17961],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,17879,17880,17882,17884,17886,17888,17890,17892,17894,17896,17898,17900,17902,17904,17906,17908],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,17881,17177],{"class":66},[60,17883,71],{"class":70},[60,17885,75],{"class":74},[60,17887,256],{"class":255},[60,17889,260],{"class":259},[60,17891,256],{"class":255},[60,17893,82],{"class":74},[60,17895,267],{"class":255},[60,17897,270],{"class":259},[60,17899,256],{"class":255},[60,17901,82],{"class":74},[60,17903,267],{"class":255},[60,17905,287],{"class":259},[60,17907,256],{"class":255},[60,17909,101],{"class":74},[60,17911,17912,17914,17916,17918,17920,17922,17924,17926,17928],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,17913,1127],{"class":66},[60,17915,71],{"class":70},[60,17917,9105],{"class":1656},[60,17919,115],{"class":74},[60,17921,17218],{"class":118},[60,17923,122],{"class":74},[60,17925,16859],{"class":118},[60,17927,82],{"class":74},[60,17929,17930],{"class":74}," [])\n",[60,17932,17933],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,17934,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,17936,17937,17939,17941,17943,17945,17947,17949,17951,17953,17955],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,17938,9139],{"class":66},[60,17940,3854],{"class":74},[60,17942,256],{"class":255},[60,17944,260],{"class":259},[60,17946,256],{"class":255},[60,17948,13485],{"class":74},[60,17950,13488],{"class":118},[60,17952,122],{"class":74},[60,17954,79],{"class":78},[60,17956,128],{"class":74},[60,17958,17959],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,17960,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,17962,17963,17965,17967,17969],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,17964,135],{"class":134},[60,17966,122],{"class":74},[60,17968,9139],{"class":118},[60,17970,128],{"class":74},[20,17972,318],{},[51,17974,17976],{"className":53,"code":17975,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,17977,17978],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,17979,17980,17982,17984,17986,17988,17990,17992,17994,17996,17998,18000,18002,18004,18006,18008,18010,18012,18014,18016,18018,18020,18022],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,17981,9213],{"class":74},[60,17983,3261],{"class":255},[60,17985,260],{"class":259},[60,17987,3261],{"class":255},[60,17989,166],{"class":74},[60,17991,75],{"class":74},[60,17993,79],{"class":78},[60,17995,791],{"class":74},[60,17997,3256],{"class":255},[60,17999,270],{"class":259},[60,18001,3261],{"class":255},[60,18003,166],{"class":74},[60,18005,75],{"class":74},[60,18007,79],{"class":78},[60,18009,791],{"class":74},[60,18011,3256],{"class":255},[60,18013,287],{"class":259},[60,18015,3261],{"class":255},[60,18017,166],{"class":74},[60,18019,75],{"class":74},[60,18021,79],{"class":78},[60,18023,13641],{"class":74},[20,18025,18026,18027,18030],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,18028,18029],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[553,18032,18034],{"id":18033},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,18036,18037,18040],{},[15,18038,18039],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,18042,18043],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,18045,18046],{},"So this:",[51,18048,18050],{"className":53,"code":18049,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,18051,18052],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,18053,18054,18056,18058,18060,18062,18064,18066,18068,18070,18072],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,18055,9139],{"class":66},[60,18057,3854],{"class":74},[60,18059,256],{"class":255},[60,18061,260],{"class":259},[60,18063,256],{"class":255},[60,18065,13485],{"class":74},[60,18067,13488],{"class":118},[60,18069,122],{"class":74},[60,18071,79],{"class":78},[60,18073,128],{"class":74},[20,18075,18076,18077,115],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,18078,18029],{},[553,18080,18082],{"id":18081},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,18084,18085],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[51,18087,18089],{"className":53,"code":18088,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18090,18091,18123,18150,18154,18176,18180],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,18092,18093,18095,18097,18099,18101,18103,18105,18107,18109,18111,18113,18115,18117,18119,18121],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,18094,17177],{"class":66},[60,18096,71],{"class":70},[60,18098,75],{"class":74},[60,18100,256],{"class":255},[60,18102,260],{"class":259},[60,18104,256],{"class":255},[60,18106,82],{"class":74},[60,18108,267],{"class":255},[60,18110,270],{"class":259},[60,18112,256],{"class":255},[60,18114,82],{"class":74},[60,18116,267],{"class":255},[60,18118,287],{"class":259},[60,18120,256],{"class":255},[60,18122,101],{"class":74},[60,18124,18125,18127,18129,18131,18133,18135,18138,18140,18143,18145,18148],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,18126,1127],{"class":66},[60,18128,71],{"class":70},[60,18130,10426],{"class":74},[60,18132,14776],{"class":66},[60,18134,166],{"class":74},[60,18136,18137],{"class":74}," []",[60,18139,3832],{"class":1537},[60,18141,18142],{"class":66}," key ",[60,18144,511],{"class":1537},[60,18146,18147],{"class":66}," keys",[60,18149,9244],{"class":74},[60,18151,18152],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,18153,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,18155,18156,18158,18160,18162,18164,18166,18168,18170,18172,18174],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,18157,9139],{"class":66},[60,18159,3854],{"class":74},[60,18161,256],{"class":255},[60,18163,260],{"class":259},[60,18165,256],{"class":255},[60,18167,13485],{"class":74},[60,18169,13488],{"class":118},[60,18171,122],{"class":74},[60,18173,79],{"class":78},[60,18175,128],{"class":74},[60,18177,18178],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,18179,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,18181,18182,18184,18186,18188],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,18183,135],{"class":134},[60,18185,122],{"class":74},[60,18187,9139],{"class":118},[60,18189,128],{"class":74},[20,18191,318],{},[51,18193,18195],{"className":53,"code":18194,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,18196,18197],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,18198,18199,18201,18203,18205,18207,18209,18211,18213,18215,18217,18219,18221,18223,18226,18228,18230,18232,18234],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,18200,9213],{"class":74},[60,18202,3261],{"class":255},[60,18204,260],{"class":259},[60,18206,3261],{"class":255},[60,18208,166],{"class":74},[60,18210,75],{"class":74},[60,18212,79],{"class":78},[60,18214,791],{"class":74},[60,18216,3256],{"class":255},[60,18218,270],{"class":259},[60,18220,3261],{"class":255},[60,18222,166],{"class":74},[60,18224,18225],{"class":74}," [],",[60,18227,3256],{"class":255},[60,18229,287],{"class":259},[60,18231,3261],{"class":255},[60,18233,166],{"class":74},[60,18235,18236],{"class":74}," []}\n",[20,18238,18239],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,18241,18242],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[46,18244,1221,18246],{"id":18245},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,18247,17153],{},[20,18249,18250,18252],{},[15,18251,17158],{}," is a good choice when:",[30,18254,18255,18258,18261],{},[33,18256,18257],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[33,18259,18260],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[33,18262,18263],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,18265,2093],{},[51,18267,18269],{"className":53,"code":18268,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,18270,18271,18316],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,18272,18273,18276,18278,18280,18282,18284,18286,18288,18291,18293,18295,18297,18299,18301,18303,18305,18308,18310,18312,18314],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,18274,18275],{"class":66},"flags ",[60,18277,71],{"class":70},[60,18279,9105],{"class":1656},[60,18281,115],{"class":74},[60,18283,17218],{"class":118},[60,18285,835],{"class":74},[60,18287,256],{"class":255},[60,18289,18290],{"class":259},"is_admin",[60,18292,256],{"class":255},[60,18294,82],{"class":74},[60,18296,267],{"class":255},[60,18298,15013],{"class":259},[60,18300,256],{"class":255},[60,18302,82],{"class":74},[60,18304,267],{"class":255},[60,18306,18307],{"class":259},"is_verified",[60,18309,256],{"class":255},[60,18311,791],{"class":74},[60,18313,3861],{"class":685},[60,18315,128],{"class":74},[60,18317,18318,18320,18322,18325],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,18319,135],{"class":134},[60,18321,122],{"class":74},[60,18323,18324],{"class":118},"flags",[60,18326,128],{"class":74},[51,18328,18330],{"className":53,"code":18329,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,18331,18332,18377],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,18333,18334,18336,18338,18340,18342,18344,18346,18348,18351,18353,18355,18357,18360,18362,18364,18366,18369,18371,18373,18375],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,18335,5011],{"class":66},[60,18337,71],{"class":70},[60,18339,9105],{"class":1656},[60,18341,115],{"class":74},[60,18343,17218],{"class":118},[60,18345,835],{"class":74},[60,18347,256],{"class":255},[60,18349,18350],{"class":259},"math",[60,18352,256],{"class":255},[60,18354,82],{"class":74},[60,18356,267],{"class":255},[60,18358,18359],{"class":259},"science",[60,18361,256],{"class":255},[60,18363,82],{"class":74},[60,18365,267],{"class":255},[60,18367,18368],{"class":259},"history",[60,18370,256],{"class":255},[60,18372,791],{"class":74},[60,18374,3789],{"class":78},[60,18376,128],{"class":74},[60,18378,18379,18381,18383,18385],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,18380,135],{"class":134},[60,18382,122],{"class":74},[60,18384,16324],{"class":118},[60,18386,128],{"class":74},[20,18388,18389,18390,18392],{},"It is ",[3698,18391,4581],{}," the best choice when:",[30,18394,18395,18398],{},[33,18396,18397],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[33,18399,18400],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[46,18402,18404,18406],{"id":18403},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,18405,17153],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,18408,18409,18411],{},[15,18410,17153],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[553,18413,8356,18415],{"id":18414},"using-fromkeys",[15,18416,17153],{},[51,18418,18420],{"className":53,"code":18419,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18421,18422,18467],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,18423,18424,18426,18428,18430,18432,18434,18436,18438,18441,18443,18445,18447,18450,18452,18454,18456,18459,18461,18463,18465],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,18425,13761],{"class":66},[60,18427,71],{"class":70},[60,18429,9105],{"class":1656},[60,18431,115],{"class":74},[60,18433,17218],{"class":118},[60,18435,835],{"class":74},[60,18437,256],{"class":255},[60,18439,18440],{"class":259},"sound",[60,18442,256],{"class":255},[60,18444,82],{"class":74},[60,18446,267],{"class":255},[60,18448,18449],{"class":259},"music",[60,18451,256],{"class":255},[60,18453,82],{"class":74},[60,18455,267],{"class":255},[60,18457,18458],{"class":259},"notifications",[60,18460,256],{"class":255},[60,18462,791],{"class":74},[60,18464,686],{"class":685},[60,18466,128],{"class":74},[60,18468,18469,18471,18473,18475],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,18470,135],{"class":134},[60,18472,122],{"class":74},[60,18474,13820],{"class":118},[60,18476,128],{"class":74},[553,18478,18480],{"id":18479},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[51,18482,18484],{"className":53,"code":18483,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18485,18486,18494,18508,18522,18534,18538],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,18487,18488,18490,18492],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,18489,13761],{"class":66},[60,18491,71],{"class":70},[60,18493,11429],{"class":74},[60,18495,18496,18498,18500,18502,18504,18506],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,18497,11434],{"class":255},[60,18499,18440],{"class":259},[60,18501,256],{"class":255},[60,18503,166],{"class":74},[60,18505,686],{"class":685},[60,18507,11450],{"class":74},[60,18509,18510,18512,18514,18516,18518,18520],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,18511,11434],{"class":255},[60,18513,18449],{"class":259},[60,18515,256],{"class":255},[60,18517,166],{"class":74},[60,18519,3861],{"class":685},[60,18521,11450],{"class":74},[60,18523,18524,18526,18528,18530,18532],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,18525,11434],{"class":255},[60,18527,18458],{"class":259},[60,18529,256],{"class":255},[60,18531,166],{"class":74},[60,18533,6364],{"class":685},[60,18535,18536],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,18537,9244],{"class":74},[60,18539,18540,18542,18544,18546],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,18541,135],{"class":134},[60,18543,122],{"class":74},[60,18545,13820],{"class":118},[60,18547,128],{"class":74},[20,18549,18550],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[553,18552,18554],{"id":18553},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[51,18556,18558],{"className":53,"code":18557,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,18559,18560,18592,18616],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,18561,18562,18564,18566,18568,18570,18572,18574,18576,18578,18580,18582,18584,18586,18588,18590],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,18563,17177],{"class":66},[60,18565,71],{"class":70},[60,18567,75],{"class":74},[60,18569,256],{"class":255},[60,18571,260],{"class":259},[60,18573,256],{"class":255},[60,18575,82],{"class":74},[60,18577,267],{"class":255},[60,18579,270],{"class":259},[60,18581,256],{"class":255},[60,18583,82],{"class":74},[60,18585,267],{"class":255},[60,18587,287],{"class":259},[60,18589,256],{"class":255},[60,18591,101],{"class":74},[60,18593,18594,18596,18598,18600,18602,18604,18606,18608,18610,18612,18614],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,18595,1127],{"class":66},[60,18597,71],{"class":70},[60,18599,10426],{"class":74},[60,18601,14776],{"class":66},[60,18603,166],{"class":74},[60,18605,18137],{"class":74},[60,18607,3832],{"class":1537},[60,18609,18142],{"class":66},[60,18611,511],{"class":1537},[60,18613,18147],{"class":66},[60,18615,9244],{"class":74},[60,18617,18618,18620,18622,18624],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,18619,135],{"class":134},[60,18621,122],{"class":74},[60,18623,9139],{"class":118},[60,18625,128],{"class":74},[20,18627,18628],{},"Use:",[30,18630,18631,18636,18639],{},[33,18632,18633,18635],{},[15,18634,17153],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[33,18637,18638],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[33,18640,18641],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,18643,18644,18645,115],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[260,18646,10673,18647,1869],{"href":13968},[15,18648,14888],{},[46,18650,1351],{"id":1350},[20,18652,14668,18653,115],{},[15,18654,17158],{},[553,18656,18658],{"id":18657},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[51,18660,18662],{"className":53,"code":18661,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18663,18664,18697,18720],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,18665,18666,18669,18671,18673,18675,18677,18679,18681,18683,18685,18687,18689,18691,18693,18695],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,18667,18668],{"class":66},"d ",[60,18670,71],{"class":70},[60,18672,9105],{"class":1656},[60,18674,115],{"class":74},[60,18676,17218],{"class":118},[60,18678,835],{"class":74},[60,18680,256],{"class":255},[60,18682,260],{"class":259},[60,18684,256],{"class":255},[60,18686,82],{"class":74},[60,18688,267],{"class":255},[60,18690,270],{"class":259},[60,18692,256],{"class":255},[60,18694,791],{"class":74},[60,18696,17930],{"class":74},[60,18698,18699,18702,18704,18706,18708,18710,18712,18714,18716,18718],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,18700,18701],{"class":66},"d",[60,18703,3854],{"class":74},[60,18705,256],{"class":255},[60,18707,260],{"class":259},[60,18709,256],{"class":255},[60,18711,13485],{"class":74},[60,18713,13488],{"class":118},[60,18715,122],{"class":74},[60,18717,79],{"class":78},[60,18719,128],{"class":74},[60,18721,18722,18724,18726,18728],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,18723,135],{"class":134},[60,18725,122],{"class":74},[60,18727,18701],{"class":118},[60,18729,128],{"class":74},[20,18731,318],{},[51,18733,18735],{"className":53,"code":18734,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,18736,18737],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,18738,18739,18741,18743,18745,18747,18749,18751,18753,18755,18757,18759,18761,18763,18765,18767],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,18740,9213],{"class":74},[60,18742,3261],{"class":255},[60,18744,260],{"class":259},[60,18746,3261],{"class":255},[60,18748,166],{"class":74},[60,18750,75],{"class":74},[60,18752,79],{"class":78},[60,18754,791],{"class":74},[60,18756,3256],{"class":255},[60,18758,270],{"class":259},[60,18760,3261],{"class":255},[60,18762,166],{"class":74},[60,18764,75],{"class":74},[60,18766,79],{"class":78},[60,18768,13641],{"class":74},[20,18770,18771],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,18773,18774],{},"Use this instead:",[51,18776,18778],{"className":53,"code":18777,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,18779,18780,18804,18828],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,18781,18782,18784,18786,18788,18790,18792,18794,18796,18798,18800,18802],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,18783,17177],{"class":66},[60,18785,71],{"class":70},[60,18787,75],{"class":74},[60,18789,256],{"class":255},[60,18791,260],{"class":259},[60,18793,256],{"class":255},[60,18795,82],{"class":74},[60,18797,267],{"class":255},[60,18799,270],{"class":259},[60,18801,256],{"class":255},[60,18803,101],{"class":74},[60,18805,18806,18808,18810,18812,18814,18816,18818,18820,18822,18824,18826],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,18807,18668],{"class":66},[60,18809,71],{"class":70},[60,18811,10426],{"class":74},[60,18813,14776],{"class":66},[60,18815,166],{"class":74},[60,18817,18137],{"class":74},[60,18819,3832],{"class":1537},[60,18821,18142],{"class":66},[60,18823,511],{"class":1537},[60,18825,18147],{"class":66},[60,18827,9244],{"class":74},[60,18829,18830,18832,18834,18836],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,18831,135],{"class":134},[60,18833,122],{"class":74},[60,18835,18701],{"class":118},[60,18837,128],{"class":74},[553,18839,18841,18842,18844],{"id":18840},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,18843,17153],{}," on a list",[20,18846,18847],{},"Wrong idea:",[51,18849,18851],{"className":53,"code":18850,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,18852,18853,18885],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,18854,18855,18857,18859,18861,18863,18865,18867,18869,18871,18873,18875,18877,18879,18881,18883],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,18856,17177],{"class":66},[60,18858,71],{"class":70},[60,18860,75],{"class":74},[60,18862,256],{"class":255},[60,18864,260],{"class":259},[60,18866,256],{"class":255},[60,18868,82],{"class":74},[60,18870,267],{"class":255},[60,18872,270],{"class":259},[60,18874,256],{"class":255},[60,18876,82],{"class":74},[60,18878,267],{"class":255},[60,18880,287],{"class":259},[60,18882,256],{"class":255},[60,18884,101],{"class":74},[60,18886,18887],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,18888,18889],{"class":146},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,18891,18892,18894,18895,18897,18898,115],{},[15,18893,17153],{}," belongs to ",[15,18896,8756],{},", not ",[15,18899,8033],{},[20,18901,18902],{},"Correct usage:",[51,18904,18906],{"className":53,"code":18905,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18907,18908,18940,18962],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,18909,18910,18912,18914,18916,18918,18920,18922,18924,18926,18928,18930,18932,18934,18936,18938],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,18911,17177],{"class":66},[60,18913,71],{"class":70},[60,18915,75],{"class":74},[60,18917,256],{"class":255},[60,18919,260],{"class":259},[60,18921,256],{"class":255},[60,18923,82],{"class":74},[60,18925,267],{"class":255},[60,18927,270],{"class":259},[60,18929,256],{"class":255},[60,18931,82],{"class":74},[60,18933,267],{"class":255},[60,18935,287],{"class":259},[60,18937,256],{"class":255},[60,18939,101],{"class":74},[60,18941,18942,18944,18946,18948,18950,18952,18954,18956,18958,18960],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,18943,18668],{"class":66},[60,18945,71],{"class":70},[60,18947,9105],{"class":1656},[60,18949,115],{"class":74},[60,18951,17218],{"class":118},[60,18953,122],{"class":74},[60,18955,16859],{"class":118},[60,18957,82],{"class":74},[60,18959,3789],{"class":78},[60,18961,128],{"class":74},[60,18963,18964,18966,18968,18970],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,18965,135],{"class":134},[60,18967,122],{"class":74},[60,18969,18701],{"class":118},[60,18971,128],{"class":74},[553,18973,1454,18975,18977],{"id":18974},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,18976,17153],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,18979,18980,18982],{},[15,18981,17158],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[51,18984,18986],{"className":53,"code":18985,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,18987,18988,19008,19042,19046,19056],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,18989,18990,18992,18994,18996,18998,19000,19002,19004,19006],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,18991,12022],{"class":66},[60,18993,71],{"class":70},[60,18995,10426],{"class":74},[60,18997,256],{"class":255},[60,18999,2139],{"class":259},[60,19001,256],{"class":255},[60,19003,166],{"class":74},[60,19005,695],{"class":78},[60,19007,9244],{"class":74},[60,19009,19010,19012,19014,19016,19018,19020,19022,19024,19026,19028,19030,19032,19034,19036,19038,19040],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,19011,12975],{"class":66},[60,19013,71],{"class":70},[60,19015,9105],{"class":1656},[60,19017,115],{"class":74},[60,19019,17218],{"class":118},[60,19021,835],{"class":74},[60,19023,256],{"class":255},[60,19025,260],{"class":259},[60,19027,256],{"class":255},[60,19029,82],{"class":74},[60,19031,267],{"class":255},[60,19033,270],{"class":259},[60,19035,256],{"class":255},[60,19037,791],{"class":74},[60,19039,3789],{"class":78},[60,19041,128],{"class":74},[60,19043,19044],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,19045,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,19047,19048,19050,19052,19054],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,19049,135],{"class":134},[60,19051,122],{"class":74},[60,19053,12069],{"class":118},[60,19055,128],{"class":74},[60,19057,19058,19060,19062,19065],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,19059,135],{"class":134},[60,19061,122],{"class":74},[60,19063,19064],{"class":118},"new_dict",[60,19066,128],{"class":74},[20,19068,318],{},[51,19070,19072],{"className":53,"code":19071,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,19073,19074,19090],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,19075,19076,19078,19080,19082,19084,19086,19088],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,19077,9213],{"class":74},[60,19079,3261],{"class":255},[60,19081,2139],{"class":259},[60,19083,3261],{"class":255},[60,19085,166],{"class":74},[60,19087,695],{"class":78},[60,19089,9244],{"class":74},[60,19091,19092,19094,19096,19098,19100,19102,19104,19106,19108,19110,19112,19114,19116],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,19093,9213],{"class":74},[60,19095,3261],{"class":255},[60,19097,260],{"class":259},[60,19099,3261],{"class":255},[60,19101,166],{"class":74},[60,19103,3789],{"class":78},[60,19105,82],{"class":74},[60,19107,3256],{"class":255},[60,19109,270],{"class":259},[60,19111,3261],{"class":255},[60,19113,166],{"class":74},[60,19115,3789],{"class":78},[60,19117,9244],{"class":74},[20,19119,19120,19121,115],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[260,19122,10673,19123,1869],{"href":13968},[15,19124,14888],{},[553,19126,19128,19129],{"id":19127},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,19130,3734],{},[51,19132,19134],{"className":53,"code":19133,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,19135,19136,19166],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,19137,19138,19140,19142,19144,19146,19148,19150,19152,19154,19156,19158,19160,19162,19164],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,19139,18668],{"class":66},[60,19141,71],{"class":70},[60,19143,9105],{"class":1656},[60,19145,115],{"class":74},[60,19147,17218],{"class":118},[60,19149,835],{"class":74},[60,19151,256],{"class":255},[60,19153,2139],{"class":259},[60,19155,256],{"class":255},[60,19157,82],{"class":74},[60,19159,267],{"class":255},[60,19161,11682],{"class":259},[60,19163,256],{"class":255},[60,19165,1193],{"class":74},[60,19167,19168,19170,19172,19174],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,19169,135],{"class":134},[60,19171,122],{"class":74},[60,19173,18701],{"class":118},[60,19175,128],{"class":74},[20,19177,318],{},[51,19179,19181],{"className":53,"code":19180,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,19182,19183],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,19184,19185,19187,19189,19191,19193,19195,19197,19199,19201,19203,19205,19207,19209],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,19186,9213],{"class":74},[60,19188,3261],{"class":255},[60,19190,2139],{"class":259},[60,19192,3261],{"class":255},[60,19194,166],{"class":74},[60,19196,3808],{"class":685},[60,19198,82],{"class":74},[60,19200,3256],{"class":255},[60,19202,11682],{"class":259},[60,19204,3261],{"class":255},[60,19206,166],{"class":74},[60,19208,3808],{"class":685},[60,19210,9244],{"class":74},[20,19212,19213,19214,115],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,19215,3734],{},[46,19217,19219],{"id":19218},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,19221,19222,19223,19225],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,19224,17153],{}," works.",[51,19227,19229],{"className":53,"code":19228,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,19230,19231],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,19232,19233,19235,19237,19239,19241,19243,19245,19247,19249,19251,19253,19255,19257,19259,19261,19263],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,19234,135],{"class":134},[60,19236,122],{"class":74},[60,19238,8756],{"class":1656},[60,19240,115],{"class":74},[60,19242,17218],{"class":118},[60,19244,835],{"class":74},[60,19246,256],{"class":255},[60,19248,260],{"class":259},[60,19250,256],{"class":255},[60,19252,82],{"class":74},[60,19254,267],{"class":255},[60,19256,270],{"class":259},[60,19258,256],{"class":255},[60,19260,791],{"class":74},[60,19262,3789],{"class":78},[60,19264,315],{"class":74},[51,19266,19267],{"className":53,"code":19133,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,19268,19269,19299],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,19270,19271,19273,19275,19277,19279,19281,19283,19285,19287,19289,19291,19293,19295,19297],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,19272,18668],{"class":66},[60,19274,71],{"class":70},[60,19276,9105],{"class":1656},[60,19278,115],{"class":74},[60,19280,17218],{"class":118},[60,19282,835],{"class":74},[60,19284,256],{"class":255},[60,19286,2139],{"class":259},[60,19288,256],{"class":255},[60,19290,82],{"class":74},[60,19292,267],{"class":255},[60,19294,11682],{"class":259},[60,19296,256],{"class":255},[60,19298,1193],{"class":74},[60,19300,19301,19303,19305,19307],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,19302,135],{"class":134},[60,19304,122],{"class":74},[60,19306,18701],{"class":118},[60,19308,128],{"class":74},[51,19310,19311],{"className":53,"code":18661,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,19312,19313,19345,19367],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,19314,19315,19317,19319,19321,19323,19325,19327,19329,19331,19333,19335,19337,19339,19341,19343],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,19316,18668],{"class":66},[60,19318,71],{"class":70},[60,19320,9105],{"class":1656},[60,19322,115],{"class":74},[60,19324,17218],{"class":118},[60,19326,835],{"class":74},[60,19328,256],{"class":255},[60,19330,260],{"class":259},[60,19332,256],{"class":255},[60,19334,82],{"class":74},[60,19336,267],{"class":255},[60,19338,270],{"class":259},[60,19340,256],{"class":255},[60,19342,791],{"class":74},[60,19344,17930],{"class":74},[60,19346,19347,19349,19351,19353,19355,19357,19359,19361,19363,19365],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,19348,18701],{"class":66},[60,19350,3854],{"class":74},[60,19352,256],{"class":255},[60,19354,260],{"class":259},[60,19356,256],{"class":255},[60,19358,13485],{"class":74},[60,19360,13488],{"class":118},[60,19362,122],{"class":74},[60,19364,79],{"class":78},[60,19366,128],{"class":74},[60,19368,19369,19371,19373,19375],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,19370,135],{"class":134},[60,19372,122],{"class":74},[60,19374,18701],{"class":118},[60,19376,128],{"class":74},[51,19378,19380],{"className":53,"code":19379,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,19381,19382],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,19383,19384,19386,19388,19390,19392,19394,19396,19398,19400,19402,19404,19406,19408,19410,19412,19414,19416,19418],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,19385,135],{"class":134},[60,19387,122],{"class":74},[60,19389,1657],{"class":1656},[60,19391,122],{"class":74},[60,19393,8756],{"class":1656},[60,19395,115],{"class":74},[60,19397,17218],{"class":118},[60,19399,835],{"class":74},[60,19401,79],{"class":78},[60,19403,82],{"class":74},[60,19405,85],{"class":78},[60,19407,82],{"class":74},[60,19409,94],{"class":78},[60,19411,791],{"class":74},[60,19413,267],{"class":255},[60,19415,221],{"class":259},[60,19417,256],{"class":255},[60,19419,2872],{"class":74},[46,19421,1773],{"id":1772},[553,19423,1777,19425,19427],{"id":19424},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19426,17153],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,19429,19430],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[553,19432,19434],{"id":19433},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,19436,19437,19438,115],{},"Each key gets ",[15,19439,3734],{},[553,19441,19443],{"id":19442},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,19445,19446],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[553,19448,19450],{"id":19449},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,19452,18085],{},[51,19454,19456],{"className":53,"code":19455,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,19457,19458,19490],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,19459,19460,19462,19464,19466,19468,19470,19472,19474,19476,19478,19480,19482,19484,19486,19488],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,19461,17177],{"class":66},[60,19463,71],{"class":70},[60,19465,75],{"class":74},[60,19467,256],{"class":255},[60,19469,260],{"class":259},[60,19471,256],{"class":255},[60,19473,82],{"class":74},[60,19475,267],{"class":255},[60,19477,270],{"class":259},[60,19479,256],{"class":255},[60,19481,82],{"class":74},[60,19483,267],{"class":255},[60,19485,287],{"class":259},[60,19487,256],{"class":255},[60,19489,101],{"class":74},[60,19491,19492,19494,19496,19498,19500,19502,19504,19506,19508,19510,19512],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,19493,1127],{"class":66},[60,19495,71],{"class":70},[60,19497,10426],{"class":74},[60,19499,14776],{"class":66},[60,19501,166],{"class":74},[60,19503,18137],{"class":74},[60,19505,3832],{"class":1537},[60,19507,18142],{"class":66},[60,19509,511],{"class":1537},[60,19511,18147],{"class":66},[60,19513,9244],{"class":74},[46,19515,1842],{"id":1841},[30,19517,19518,19522,19526,19530,19536],{},[33,19519,19520],{},[260,19521,11178],{"href":12963},[33,19523,19524],{},[260,19525,9091],{"href":12960},[33,19527,19528],{},[260,19529,11187],{"href":17837},[33,19531,19532],{},[260,19533,10673,19534,1869],{"href":13968},[15,19535,14888],{},[33,19537,19538],{},[260,19539,10673,19540,1869],{"href":14933},[15,19541,12713],{},[20,19543,150,19544,19546],{},[15,19545,17158],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[1885,19548,19549],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":19551},[19552,19553,19555,19559,19560,19562,19567,19569,19576,19585,19586,19593],{"id":1971,"depth":104,"text":1972},{"id":17258,"depth":104,"text":19554},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17302,"depth":104,"text":17303,"children":19556},[19557,19558],{"id":17329,"depth":131,"text":17330},{"id":17353,"depth":131,"text":17354},{"id":5732,"depth":104,"text":5733},{"id":17512,"depth":104,"text":19561},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":17841,"depth":104,"text":17842,"children":19563},[19564,19565,19566],{"id":17871,"depth":131,"text":17872},{"id":18033,"depth":131,"text":18034},{"id":18081,"depth":131,"text":18082},{"id":18245,"depth":104,"text":19568},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18403,"depth":104,"text":19570,"children":19571},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19572,19574,19575],{"id":18414,"depth":131,"text":19573},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18479,"depth":131,"text":18480},{"id":18553,"depth":131,"text":18554},{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351,"children":19577},[19578,19579,19581,19583],{"id":18657,"depth":131,"text":18658},{"id":18840,"depth":131,"text":19580},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":18974,"depth":131,"text":19582},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19127,"depth":131,"text":19584},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19218,"depth":104,"text":19219},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":19587},[19588,19590,19591,19592],{"id":19424,"depth":131,"text":19589},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19433,"depth":131,"text":19434},{"id":19442,"depth":131,"text":19443},{"id":19449,"depth":131,"text":19450},{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17145,"description":19594},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19601,"title":19602,"body":19603,"description":21431,"extension":1930,"meta":21432,"navigation":421,"path":21433,"seo":21434,"stem":21435,"__hash__":21436},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19604,"toc":21398},[19605,19610,19616,19627,19757,19764,19769,19773,19789,19791,19889,19892,19909,19913,19915,19920,19958,19961,19979,19981,20099,20104,20108,20124,20127,20262,20265,20270,20276,20279,20316,20319,20323,20328,20404,20408,20413,20495,20497,20513,20518,20522,20528,20597,20600,20617,20620,20702,20708,20711,20731,20735,20740,20746,20752,20823,20826,20832,20835,20909,20916,20922,20930,20940,20942,21037,21043,21048,21134,21140,21142,21147,21169,21172,21267,21270,21301,21314,21316,21324,21330,21336,21339,21345,21350,21357,21362,21364,21395],[10,19606,11254,19608,18],{"id":19607},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,19609,10676],{},[20,19611,19612,19613,19615],{},"The dictionary ",[15,19614,10676],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,19617,19618,19619,2154,19622,2361,19624,19626],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,19620,19621],{},"KeyError",[15,19623,10676],{},[15,19625,3734],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[51,19628,19630],{"className":53,"code":19629,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,19631,19632,19668,19672,19698,19723],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,19633,19634,19636,19638,19640,19642,19644,19646,19648,19650,19652,19654,19656,19658,19660,19662,19664,19666],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,19635,13139],{"class":66},[60,19637,71],{"class":70},[60,19639,10426],{"class":74},[60,19641,256],{"class":255},[60,19643,7611],{"class":259},[60,19645,256],{"class":255},[60,19647,166],{"class":74},[60,19649,267],{"class":255},[60,19651,12817],{"class":259},[60,19653,256],{"class":255},[60,19655,82],{"class":74},[60,19657,267],{"class":255},[60,19659,9234],{"class":259},[60,19661,256],{"class":255},[60,19663,166],{"class":74},[60,19665,9241],{"class":78},[60,19667,9244],{"class":74},[60,19669,19670],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,19671,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,19673,19674,19676,19678,19680,19682,19685,19687,19689,19691,19693,19695],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,19675,135],{"class":134},[60,19677,122],{"class":74},[60,19679,17242],{"class":118},[60,19681,115],{"class":74},[60,19683,19684],{"class":118},"get",[60,19686,122],{"class":74},[60,19688,256],{"class":255},[60,19690,7611],{"class":259},[60,19692,256],{"class":255},[60,19694,446],{"class":74},[60,19696,19697],{"class":146},"           # Ana\n",[60,19699,19700,19702,19704,19706,19708,19710,19712,19714,19716,19718,19720],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,19701,135],{"class":134},[60,19703,122],{"class":74},[60,19705,17242],{"class":118},[60,19707,115],{"class":74},[60,19709,19684],{"class":118},[60,19711,122],{"class":74},[60,19713,256],{"class":255},[60,19715,10344],{"class":259},[60,19717,256],{"class":255},[60,19719,446],{"class":74},[60,19721,19722],{"class":146},"           # None\n",[60,19724,19725,19727,19729,19731,19733,19735,19737,19739,19741,19743,19745,19747,19750,19752,19754],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,19726,135],{"class":134},[60,19728,122],{"class":74},[60,19730,17242],{"class":118},[60,19732,115],{"class":74},[60,19734,19684],{"class":118},[60,19736,122],{"class":74},[60,19738,256],{"class":255},[60,19740,10344],{"class":259},[60,19742,256],{"class":255},[60,19744,82],{"class":74},[60,19746,267],{"class":255},[60,19748,19749],{"class":259},"N\u002FA",[60,19751,256],{"class":255},[60,19753,446],{"class":74},[60,19755,19756],{"class":146},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,19758,150,19759,19761,19762,115],{},[15,19760,10676],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,19763,19621],{},[46,19765,158,19767,161],{"id":19766},"what-get-does",[15,19768,10676],{},[20,19770,1947,19771,11348],{},[15,19772,10676],{},[30,19774,19775,19778,19783,19786],{},[33,19776,19777],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[33,19779,11359,19780,19782],{},[15,19781,3734],{}," if the key does not exist",[33,19784,19785],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[33,19787,19788],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,19790,238],{},[51,19792,19794],{"className":53,"code":19793,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,19795,19796,19835,19839,19864],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,19797,19798,19800,19802,19804,19806,19808,19810,19812,19814,19817,19819,19821,19823,19826,19828,19830,19833],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,19799,12800],{"class":66},[60,19801,71],{"class":70},[60,19803,10426],{"class":74},[60,19805,256],{"class":255},[60,19807,7611],{"class":259},[60,19809,256],{"class":255},[60,19811,166],{"class":74},[60,19813,267],{"class":255},[60,19815,19816],{"class":259},"Lina",[60,19818,256],{"class":255},[60,19820,82],{"class":74},[60,19822,267],{"class":255},[60,19824,19825],{"class":259},"grade",[60,19827,256],{"class":255},[60,19829,166],{"class":74},[60,19831,19832],{"class":78}," 90",[60,19834,9244],{"class":74},[60,19836,19837],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,19838,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,19840,19841,19843,19845,19847,19849,19851,19853,19855,19857,19859,19861],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,19842,135],{"class":134},[60,19844,122],{"class":74},[60,19846,13561],{"class":118},[60,19848,115],{"class":74},[60,19850,19684],{"class":118},[60,19852,122],{"class":74},[60,19854,256],{"class":255},[60,19856,7611],{"class":259},[60,19858,256],{"class":255},[60,19860,446],{"class":74},[60,19862,19863],{"class":146},"     # Lina\n",[60,19865,19866,19868,19870,19872,19874,19876,19878,19880,19882,19884,19886],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,19867,135],{"class":134},[60,19869,122],{"class":74},[60,19871,13561],{"class":118},[60,19873,115],{"class":74},[60,19875,19684],{"class":118},[60,19877,122],{"class":74},[60,19879,256],{"class":255},[60,19881,15193],{"class":259},[60,19883,256],{"class":255},[60,19885,446],{"class":74},[60,19887,19888],{"class":146},"    # None\n",[20,19890,19891],{},"In this example:",[30,19893,19894,19899],{},[33,19895,19896,19898],{},[15,19897,15174],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[33,19900,19901,19904,19905,2361,19907],{},[15,19902,19903],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,19906,10676],{},[15,19908,3734],{},[20,19910,12957,19911,115],{},[260,19912,9091],{"href":9090},[46,19914,199],{"id":198},[20,19916,19917,19918,166],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,19919,10676],{},[51,19921,19923],{"className":53,"code":19922,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,19924,19925,19939],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,19926,19927,19929,19931,19933,19935,19937],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,19928,15539],{"class":66},[60,19930,115],{"class":74},[60,19932,19684],{"class":118},[60,19934,122],{"class":74},[60,19936,14776],{"class":118},[60,19938,128],{"class":74},[60,19940,19941,19943,19945,19947,19949,19951,19953,19956],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,19942,15539],{"class":66},[60,19944,115],{"class":74},[60,19946,19684],{"class":118},[60,19948,122],{"class":74},[60,19950,14776],{"class":118},[60,19952,82],{"class":74},[60,19954,19955],{"class":118}," default_value",[60,19957,128],{"class":74},[20,19959,19960],{},"What each part means:",[30,19962,19963,19968,19974],{},[33,19964,19965,19967],{},[15,19966,14776],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[33,19969,19970,19973],{},[15,19971,19972],{},"default_value"," is optional",[33,19975,19976,19977],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,19978,3734],{},[20,19980,238],{},[51,19982,19984],{"className":53,"code":19983,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,19985,19986,20010,20014,20039,20065],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,19987,19988,19990,19992,19994,19996,19998,20000,20002,20004,20006,20008],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,19989,13761],{"class":66},[60,19991,71],{"class":70},[60,19993,10426],{"class":74},[60,19995,256],{"class":255},[60,19997,12431],{"class":259},[60,19999,256],{"class":255},[60,20001,166],{"class":74},[60,20003,267],{"class":255},[60,20005,12440],{"class":259},[60,20007,256],{"class":255},[60,20009,9244],{"class":74},[60,20011,20012],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,20013,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,20015,20016,20018,20020,20022,20024,20026,20028,20030,20032,20034,20036],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,20017,135],{"class":134},[60,20019,122],{"class":74},[60,20021,13820],{"class":118},[60,20023,115],{"class":74},[60,20025,19684],{"class":118},[60,20027,122],{"class":74},[60,20029,256],{"class":255},[60,20031,12431],{"class":259},[60,20033,256],{"class":255},[60,20035,446],{"class":74},[60,20037,20038],{"class":146},"            # dark\n",[60,20040,20041,20043,20045,20047,20049,20051,20053,20055,20058,20060,20062],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,20042,135],{"class":134},[60,20044,122],{"class":74},[60,20046,13820],{"class":118},[60,20048,115],{"class":74},[60,20050,19684],{"class":118},[60,20052,122],{"class":74},[60,20054,256],{"class":255},[60,20056,20057],{"class":259},"language",[60,20059,256],{"class":255},[60,20061,446],{"class":74},[60,20063,20064],{"class":146},"         # None\n",[60,20066,20067,20069,20071,20073,20075,20077,20079,20081,20083,20085,20087,20089,20092,20094,20096],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,20068,135],{"class":134},[60,20070,122],{"class":74},[60,20072,13820],{"class":118},[60,20074,115],{"class":74},[60,20076,19684],{"class":118},[60,20078,122],{"class":74},[60,20080,256],{"class":255},[60,20082,20057],{"class":259},[60,20084,256],{"class":255},[60,20086,82],{"class":74},[60,20088,267],{"class":255},[60,20090,20091],{"class":259},"en",[60,20093,256],{"class":255},[60,20095,446],{"class":74},[60,20097,20098],{"class":146},"   # en\n",[46,20100,1221,20102],{"id":20101},"when-to-use-get",[15,20103,10676],{},[20,20105,150,20106,10537],{},[15,20107,10676],{},[30,20109,20110,20113,20118,20121],{},[33,20111,20112],{},"A key might not exist",[33,20114,20115,20116],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,20117,19621],{},[33,20119,20120],{},"You are reading optional data",[33,20122,20123],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,20125,20126],{},"Example with optional user data:",[51,20128,20130],{"className":53,"code":20129,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,20131,20132,20173,20177,20202,20228],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,20133,20134,20136,20138,20140,20142,20144,20146,20148,20150,20152,20154,20156,20158,20160,20162,20164,20166,20169,20171],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,20135,11424],{"class":66},[60,20137,71],{"class":70},[60,20139,10426],{"class":74},[60,20141,256],{"class":255},[60,20143,7925],{"class":259},[60,20145,256],{"class":255},[60,20147,166],{"class":74},[60,20149,267],{"class":255},[60,20151,1577],{"class":259},[60,20153,256],{"class":255},[60,20155,82],{"class":74},[60,20157,267],{"class":255},[60,20159,15193],{"class":259},[60,20161,256],{"class":255},[60,20163,166],{"class":74},[60,20165,267],{"class":255},[60,20167,20168],{"class":259},"sam@example.com",[60,20170,256],{"class":255},[60,20172,9244],{"class":74},[60,20174,20175],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,20176,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,20178,20179,20181,20183,20185,20187,20189,20191,20193,20195,20197,20199],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,20180,135],{"class":134},[60,20182,122],{"class":74},[60,20184,11518],{"class":118},[60,20186,115],{"class":74},[60,20188,19684],{"class":118},[60,20190,122],{"class":74},[60,20192,256],{"class":255},[60,20194,7925],{"class":259},[60,20196,256],{"class":255},[60,20198,446],{"class":74},[60,20200,20201],{"class":146},"              # sam\n",[60,20203,20204,20206,20208,20210,20212,20214,20216,20218,20221,20223,20225],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,20205,135],{"class":134},[60,20207,122],{"class":74},[60,20209,11518],{"class":118},[60,20211,115],{"class":74},[60,20213,19684],{"class":118},[60,20215,122],{"class":74},[60,20217,256],{"class":255},[60,20219,20220],{"class":259},"phone",[60,20222,256],{"class":255},[60,20224,446],{"class":74},[60,20226,20227],{"class":146},"                 # None\n",[60,20229,20230,20232,20234,20236,20238,20240,20242,20244,20246,20248,20250,20252,20255,20257,20259],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,20231,135],{"class":134},[60,20233,122],{"class":74},[60,20235,11518],{"class":118},[60,20237,115],{"class":74},[60,20239,19684],{"class":118},[60,20241,122],{"class":74},[60,20243,256],{"class":255},[60,20245,20220],{"class":259},[60,20247,256],{"class":255},[60,20249,82],{"class":74},[60,20251,267],{"class":255},[60,20253,20254],{"class":259},"Not provided",[60,20256,256],{"class":255},[60,20258,446],{"class":74},[60,20260,20261],{"class":146}," # Not provided\n",[20,20263,20264],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,20266,20267,20268,115],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[260,20269,16533],{"href":16532},[46,20271,20273,20275],{"id":20272},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,20274,10676],{}," vs square brackets",[20,20277,20278],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[51,20280,20282],{"className":53,"code":20281,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,20283,20284,20298],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,20285,20286,20288,20290,20292,20294,20296],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,20287,9139],{"class":66},[60,20289,3854],{"class":74},[60,20291,256],{"class":255},[60,20293,14776],{"class":259},[60,20295,256],{"class":255},[60,20297,101],{"class":74},[60,20299,20300,20302,20304,20306,20308,20310,20312,20314],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,20301,9139],{"class":66},[60,20303,115],{"class":74},[60,20305,19684],{"class":118},[60,20307,122],{"class":74},[60,20309,256],{"class":255},[60,20311,14776],{"class":259},[60,20313,256],{"class":255},[60,20315,128],{"class":74},[20,20317,20318],{},"The difference is important.",[553,20320,20322],{"id":20321},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,20324,20325,20326,115],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,20327,19621],{},[51,20329,20331],{"className":53,"code":20330,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,20332,20333,20357,20361,20383],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,20334,20335,20337,20339,20341,20343,20345,20347,20349,20351,20353,20355],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,20336,1127],{"class":66},[60,20338,71],{"class":70},[60,20340,10426],{"class":74},[60,20342,256],{"class":255},[60,20344,7611],{"class":259},[60,20346,256],{"class":255},[60,20348,166],{"class":74},[60,20350,267],{"class":255},[60,20352,12817],{"class":259},[60,20354,256],{"class":255},[60,20356,9244],{"class":74},[60,20358,20359],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,20360,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,20362,20363,20365,20367,20369,20371,20373,20375,20377,20380],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,20364,135],{"class":134},[60,20366,122],{"class":74},[60,20368,9139],{"class":118},[60,20370,3854],{"class":74},[60,20372,256],{"class":255},[60,20374,7611],{"class":259},[60,20376,256],{"class":255},[60,20378,20379],{"class":74},"])",[60,20381,20382],{"class":146},"   # Ana\n",[60,20384,20385,20387,20389,20391,20393,20395,20397,20399,20401],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,20386,135],{"class":134},[60,20388,122],{"class":74},[60,20390,9139],{"class":118},[60,20392,3854],{"class":74},[60,20394,256],{"class":255},[60,20396,10344],{"class":259},[60,20398,256],{"class":255},[60,20400,20379],{"class":74},[60,20402,20403],{"class":146},"   # KeyError\n",[553,20405,20406],{"id":19684},[15,20407,10676],{},[20,20409,20410,20412],{},[15,20411,10676],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[51,20414,20416],{"className":53,"code":20415,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,20417,20418,20442,20446,20470],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,20419,20420,20422,20424,20426,20428,20430,20432,20434,20436,20438,20440],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,20421,1127],{"class":66},[60,20423,71],{"class":70},[60,20425,10426],{"class":74},[60,20427,256],{"class":255},[60,20429,7611],{"class":259},[60,20431,256],{"class":255},[60,20433,166],{"class":74},[60,20435,267],{"class":255},[60,20437,12817],{"class":259},[60,20439,256],{"class":255},[60,20441,9244],{"class":74},[60,20443,20444],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,20445,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,20447,20448,20450,20452,20454,20456,20458,20460,20462,20464,20466,20468],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,20449,135],{"class":134},[60,20451,122],{"class":74},[60,20453,9139],{"class":118},[60,20455,115],{"class":74},[60,20457,19684],{"class":118},[60,20459,122],{"class":74},[60,20461,256],{"class":255},[60,20463,7611],{"class":259},[60,20465,256],{"class":255},[60,20467,446],{"class":74},[60,20469,20382],{"class":146},[60,20471,20472,20474,20476,20478,20480,20482,20484,20486,20488,20490,20492],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,20473,135],{"class":134},[60,20475,122],{"class":74},[60,20477,9139],{"class":118},[60,20479,115],{"class":74},[60,20481,19684],{"class":118},[60,20483,122],{"class":74},[60,20485,256],{"class":255},[60,20487,10344],{"class":259},[60,20489,256],{"class":255},[60,20491,446],{"class":74},[60,20493,20494],{"class":146},"   # None\n",[20,20496,18628],{},[30,20498,20499,20505],{},[33,20500,20501,20502],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[3698,20503,20504],{},"must exist",[33,20506,20507,20509,20510],{},[15,20508,10676],{}," when the key is ",[3698,20511,20512],{},"optional",[20,20514,20515,20516,115],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[260,20517,11198],{"href":11010},[46,20519,20521],{"id":20520},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,20523,20524,20525,20527],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,20526,10676],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[51,20529,20531],{"className":53,"code":20530,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,20532,20533,20558,20562],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,20534,20535,20538,20540,20542,20544,20546,20548,20550,20552,20554,20556],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,20536,20537],{"class":66},"profile ",[60,20539,71],{"class":70},[60,20541,10426],{"class":74},[60,20543,256],{"class":255},[60,20545,7611],{"class":259},[60,20547,256],{"class":255},[60,20549,166],{"class":74},[60,20551,267],{"class":255},[60,20553,7861],{"class":259},[60,20555,256],{"class":255},[60,20557,9244],{"class":74},[60,20559,20560],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,20561,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,20563,20564,20566,20568,20571,20573,20575,20577,20579,20581,20583,20585,20587,20590,20592,20594],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,20565,135],{"class":134},[60,20567,122],{"class":74},[60,20569,20570],{"class":118},"profile",[60,20572,115],{"class":74},[60,20574,19684],{"class":118},[60,20576,122],{"class":74},[60,20578,256],{"class":255},[60,20580,15196],{"class":259},[60,20582,256],{"class":255},[60,20584,82],{"class":74},[60,20586,267],{"class":255},[60,20588,20589],{"class":259},"Unknown",[60,20591,256],{"class":255},[60,20593,446],{"class":74},[60,20595,20596],{"class":146},"  # Unknown\n",[20,20598,20599],{},"This is useful for display text:",[30,20601,20602,20607,20612],{},[33,20603,20604],{},[15,20605,20606],{},"\"Unknown\"",[33,20608,20609],{},[15,20610,20611],{},"\"Not set\"",[33,20613,20614],{},[15,20615,20616],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,20618,20619],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[51,20621,20623],{"className":53,"code":20622,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,20624,20625,20657,20661,20688],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,20626,20627,20629,20631,20633,20635,20637,20639,20641,20643,20645,20647,20649,20651,20653,20655],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,20628,5011],{"class":66},[60,20630,71],{"class":70},[60,20632,10426],{"class":74},[60,20634,256],{"class":255},[60,20636,18350],{"class":259},[60,20638,256],{"class":255},[60,20640,166],{"class":74},[60,20642,883],{"class":78},[60,20644,82],{"class":74},[60,20646,267],{"class":255},[60,20648,18359],{"class":259},[60,20650,256],{"class":255},[60,20652,166],{"class":74},[60,20654,6301],{"class":78},[60,20656,9244],{"class":74},[60,20658,20659],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,20660,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,20662,20663,20666,20668,20670,20672,20674,20676,20678,20680,20682,20684,20686],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,20664,20665],{"class":66},"total_history ",[60,20667,71],{"class":70},[60,20669,5058],{"class":66},[60,20671,115],{"class":74},[60,20673,19684],{"class":118},[60,20675,122],{"class":74},[60,20677,256],{"class":255},[60,20679,18368],{"class":259},[60,20681,256],{"class":255},[60,20683,82],{"class":74},[60,20685,3789],{"class":78},[60,20687,128],{"class":74},[60,20689,20690,20692,20694,20697,20699],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,20691,135],{"class":134},[60,20693,122],{"class":74},[60,20695,20696],{"class":118},"total_history",[60,20698,143],{"class":74},[60,20700,20701],{"class":146},"   # 0\n",[20,20703,20704,20705,20707],{},"Here, ",[15,20706,195],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,20709,20710],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[30,20712,20713,20716,20721,20726],{},[33,20714,20715],{},"Use a string for text",[33,20717,150,20718,20720],{},[15,20719,195],{}," for numbers",[33,20722,150,20723,20725],{},[15,20724,3743],{}," for lists if needed",[33,20727,150,20728,20730],{},[15,20729,3748],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[46,20732,20734],{"id":20733},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,20736,20737,20738,115],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,20739,10676],{},[553,20741,20743,20745],{"id":20742},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,20744,10676],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,20747,20748,20749,20751],{},"This code does ",[3698,20750,4581],{}," create a new key:",[51,20753,20755],{"className":53,"code":20754,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,20756,20757,20781,20785,20810],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,20758,20759,20761,20763,20765,20767,20769,20771,20773,20775,20777,20779],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,20760,13139],{"class":66},[60,20762,71],{"class":70},[60,20764,10426],{"class":74},[60,20766,256],{"class":255},[60,20768,7611],{"class":259},[60,20770,256],{"class":255},[60,20772,166],{"class":74},[60,20774,267],{"class":255},[60,20776,12817],{"class":259},[60,20778,256],{"class":255},[60,20780,9244],{"class":74},[60,20782,20783],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,20784,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,20786,20787,20789,20791,20793,20795,20797,20799,20801,20803,20805,20807],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,20788,135],{"class":134},[60,20790,122],{"class":74},[60,20792,17242],{"class":118},[60,20794,115],{"class":74},[60,20796,19684],{"class":118},[60,20798,122],{"class":74},[60,20800,256],{"class":255},[60,20802,10344],{"class":259},[60,20804,256],{"class":255},[60,20806,446],{"class":74},[60,20808,20809],{"class":146},"  # None\n",[60,20811,20812,20814,20816,20818,20820],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,20813,135],{"class":134},[60,20815,122],{"class":74},[60,20817,17242],{"class":118},[60,20819,143],{"class":74},[60,20821,20822],{"class":146},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,20824,20825],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[553,20827,20829,20831],{"id":20828},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,20830,10676],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,20833,20834],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[51,20836,20838],{"className":53,"code":20837,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,20839,20840,20866,20870,20896],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,20841,20842,20844,20846,20848,20850,20853,20855,20857,20859,20862,20864],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,20843,13761],{"class":66},[60,20845,71],{"class":70},[60,20847,10426],{"class":74},[60,20849,256],{"class":255},[60,20851,20852],{"class":259},"mode",[60,20854,256],{"class":255},[60,20856,166],{"class":74},[60,20858,267],{"class":255},[60,20860,20861],{"class":259},"light",[60,20863,256],{"class":255},[60,20865,9244],{"class":74},[60,20867,20868],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,20869,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,20871,20872,20874,20876,20878,20880,20882,20884,20886,20888,20890,20892,20894],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,20873,13820],{"class":66},[60,20875,115],{"class":74},[60,20877,19684],{"class":118},[60,20879,122],{"class":74},[60,20881,256],{"class":255},[60,20883,12431],{"class":259},[60,20885,256],{"class":255},[60,20887,82],{"class":74},[60,20889,267],{"class":255},[60,20891,12440],{"class":259},[60,20893,256],{"class":255},[60,20895,128],{"class":74},[60,20897,20898,20900,20902,20904,20906],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,20899,135],{"class":134},[60,20901,122],{"class":74},[60,20903,13820],{"class":118},[60,20905,143],{"class":74},[60,20907,20908],{"class":146},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,20910,20911,20912,20915],{},"Even though ",[15,20913,20914],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[553,20917,20919,20920],{"id":20918},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,20921,3734],{},[20,20923,20924,20925,2361,20927,20929],{},"Sometimes ",[15,20926,10676],{},[15,20928,3734],{}," because:",[30,20931,20932,20935],{},[33,20933,20934],{},"The key is missing, or",[33,20936,20937,20938],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,20939,3734],{},[20,20941,238],{},[51,20943,20945],{"className":53,"code":20944,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,20946,20947,20984,20988,21012],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,20948,20949,20951,20953,20955,20957,20959,20961,20963,20965,20967,20969,20971,20973,20976,20978,20980,20982],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,20950,1127],{"class":66},[60,20952,71],{"class":70},[60,20954,10426],{"class":74},[60,20956,256],{"class":255},[60,20958,7611],{"class":259},[60,20960,256],{"class":255},[60,20962,166],{"class":74},[60,20964,267],{"class":255},[60,20966,12817],{"class":259},[60,20968,256],{"class":255},[60,20970,82],{"class":74},[60,20972,267],{"class":255},[60,20974,20975],{"class":259},"nickname",[60,20977,256],{"class":255},[60,20979,166],{"class":74},[60,20981,3808],{"class":685},[60,20983,9244],{"class":74},[60,20985,20986],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,20987,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,20989,20990,20992,20994,20996,20998,21000,21002,21004,21006,21008,21010],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,20991,135],{"class":134},[60,20993,122],{"class":74},[60,20995,9139],{"class":118},[60,20997,115],{"class":74},[60,20999,19684],{"class":118},[60,21001,122],{"class":74},[60,21003,256],{"class":255},[60,21005,20975],{"class":259},[60,21007,256],{"class":255},[60,21009,446],{"class":74},[60,21011,20809],{"class":146},[60,21013,21014,21016,21018,21020,21022,21024,21026,21028,21030,21032,21034],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,21015,135],{"class":134},[60,21017,122],{"class":74},[60,21019,9139],{"class":118},[60,21021,115],{"class":74},[60,21023,19684],{"class":118},[60,21025,122],{"class":74},[60,21027,256],{"class":255},[60,21029,10344],{"class":259},[60,21031,256],{"class":255},[60,21033,446],{"class":74},[60,21035,21036],{"class":146},"      # None\n",[20,21038,21039,21040,21042],{},"Both lines print ",[15,21041,3734],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,21044,21045,21046,166],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,21047,511],{},[51,21049,21051],{"className":53,"code":21050,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,21052,21053,21089,21093,21113],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,21054,21055,21057,21059,21061,21063,21065,21067,21069,21071,21073,21075,21077,21079,21081,21083,21085,21087],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,21056,1127],{"class":66},[60,21058,71],{"class":70},[60,21060,10426],{"class":74},[60,21062,256],{"class":255},[60,21064,7611],{"class":259},[60,21066,256],{"class":255},[60,21068,166],{"class":74},[60,21070,267],{"class":255},[60,21072,12817],{"class":259},[60,21074,256],{"class":255},[60,21076,82],{"class":74},[60,21078,267],{"class":255},[60,21080,20975],{"class":259},[60,21082,256],{"class":255},[60,21084,166],{"class":74},[60,21086,3808],{"class":685},[60,21088,9244],{"class":74},[60,21090,21091],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,21092,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,21094,21095,21097,21099,21101,21103,21105,21107,21109,21111],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,21096,135],{"class":134},[60,21098,122],{"class":74},[60,21100,256],{"class":255},[60,21102,20975],{"class":259},[60,21104,256],{"class":255},[60,21106,1538],{"class":1537},[60,21108,1178],{"class":118},[60,21110,143],{"class":74},[60,21112,1545],{"class":146},[60,21114,21115,21117,21119,21121,21123,21125,21127,21129,21131],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,21116,135],{"class":134},[60,21118,122],{"class":74},[60,21120,256],{"class":255},[60,21122,10344],{"class":259},[60,21124,256],{"class":255},[60,21126,1538],{"class":1537},[60,21128,1178],{"class":118},[60,21130,143],{"class":74},[60,21132,21133],{"class":146},"      # False\n",[20,21135,21136,21137,115],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[260,21138,21139],{"href":17088},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[46,21141,1351],{"id":1350},[20,21143,21144,21145,166],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,21146,10676],{},[30,21148,21149,21154,21161,21166],{},[33,21150,21151,21152],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,21153,19621],{},[33,21155,4655,21156,2361,21158,21160],{},[15,21157,10676],{},[15,21159,3734],{}," if no default is provided",[33,21162,4529,21163,21165],{},[15,21164,10676],{}," creates a key automatically",[33,21167,21168],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,21170,21171],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[51,21173,21175],{"className":53,"code":21174,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,21176,21177,21187,21201,21219,21241],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,21178,21179,21181,21183,21185],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,21180,135],{"class":134},[60,21182,122],{"class":74},[60,21184,11385],{"class":118},[60,21186,128],{"class":74},[60,21188,21189,21191,21193,21195,21197,21199],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,21190,135],{"class":134},[60,21192,122],{"class":74},[60,21194,11385],{"class":118},[60,21196,115],{"class":74},[60,21198,16859],{"class":118},[60,21200,7136],{"class":74},[60,21202,21203,21205,21207,21209,21211,21213,21215,21217],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,21204,135],{"class":134},[60,21206,122],{"class":74},[60,21208,3261],{"class":255},[60,21210,7611],{"class":259},[60,21212,3261],{"class":255},[60,21214,1538],{"class":1537},[60,21216,11703],{"class":118},[60,21218,128],{"class":74},[60,21220,21221,21223,21225,21227,21229,21231,21233,21235,21237,21239],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,21222,135],{"class":134},[60,21224,122],{"class":74},[60,21226,11385],{"class":118},[60,21228,115],{"class":74},[60,21230,19684],{"class":118},[60,21232,122],{"class":74},[60,21234,3261],{"class":255},[60,21236,7611],{"class":259},[60,21238,3261],{"class":255},[60,21240,315],{"class":74},[60,21242,21243,21245,21247,21249,21251,21253,21255,21257,21259,21261,21263,21265],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,21244,135],{"class":134},[60,21246,122],{"class":74},[60,21248,1657],{"class":1656},[60,21250,122],{"class":74},[60,21252,11385],{"class":118},[60,21254,115],{"class":74},[60,21256,19684],{"class":118},[60,21258,122],{"class":74},[60,21260,3261],{"class":255},[60,21262,7611],{"class":259},[60,21264,3261],{"class":255},[60,21266,2872],{"class":74},[20,21268,21269],{},"What these checks tell you:",[30,21271,21272,21277,21283,21289,21295],{},[33,21273,21274,21276],{},[15,21275,12616],{}," shows the full dictionary",[33,21278,21279,21282],{},[15,21280,21281],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[33,21284,21285,21288],{},[15,21286,21287],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[33,21290,21291,21294],{},[15,21292,21293],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[33,21296,21297,21300],{},[15,21298,21299],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,21302,21303,21304,544,21309,21313],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[260,21305,21306,21307,1869],{"href":16997},"the dictionary ",[15,21308,17000],{},[260,21310,21306,21311,1869],{"href":17010},[15,21312,17013],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[46,21315,1773],{"id":1772},[553,21317,1777,21319,21321,21322,1435],{"id":21318},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,21320,10676],{}," raise ",[15,21323,19621],{},[20,21325,21326,21327,21329],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,21328,3734],{}," or the default value you provide.",[553,21331,1777,21333,21335],{"id":21332},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,21334,10676],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,21337,21338],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[553,21340,21342,21343,1435],{"id":21341},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,21344,10676],{},[20,21346,21347,21349],{},[15,21348,3734],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[553,21351,21353,21354,21356],{"id":21352},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,21355,10676],{}," or square brackets?",[20,21358,150,21359,21361],{},[15,21360,10676],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[46,21363,1842],{"id":1841},[30,21365,21366,21370,21376,21382,21386,21391],{},[33,21367,21368],{},[260,21369,9091],{"href":9090},[33,21371,21372],{},[260,21373,10673,21374,1869],{"href":16997},[15,21375,17000],{},[33,21377,21378],{},[260,21379,10673,21380,1869],{"href":17010},[15,21381,17013],{},[33,21383,21384],{},[260,21385,17089],{"href":17088},[33,21387,21388],{},[260,21389,21390],{"href":16532},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[33,21392,21393],{},[260,21394,11198],{"href":11010},[1885,21396,21397],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":21399},[21400,21402,21403,21405,21410,21411,21419,21420,21430],{"id":19766,"depth":104,"text":21401},"What get() does",{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199},{"id":20101,"depth":104,"text":21404},"When to use get()",{"id":20272,"depth":104,"text":21406,"children":21407},"get() vs square brackets",[21408,21409],{"id":20321,"depth":131,"text":20322},{"id":19684,"depth":131,"text":10676},{"id":20520,"depth":104,"text":20521},{"id":20733,"depth":104,"text":20734,"children":21412},[21413,21415,21417],{"id":20742,"depth":131,"text":21414},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":20828,"depth":131,"text":21416},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":20918,"depth":131,"text":21418},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":21421},[21422,21424,21426,21428],{"id":21318,"depth":131,"text":21423},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21332,"depth":131,"text":21425},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21341,"depth":131,"text":21427},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21352,"depth":131,"text":21429},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19602,"description":21431},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21438,"title":21439,"body":21440,"description":23995,"extension":1930,"meta":23996,"navigation":421,"path":23997,"seo":23998,"stem":23999,"__hash__":24000},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21441,"toc":23961},[21442,21447,21453,21459,21461,21543,21547,21564,21569,21574,21579,21581,21595,21597,21660,21664,21704,21712,21714,21716,21731,21734,21747,21749,21828,21832,21898,21900,21904,21912,21914,21925,21927,22037,22041,22120,22126,22132,22137,22250,22254,22286,22289,22396,22402,22409,22413,22416,22518,22522,22583,22586,22589,22600,22609,22612,22629,22631,22730,22734,22809,22812,22835,22840,22845,22862,22864,22985,22989,23023,23025,23030,23037,23047,23049,23127,23130,23201,23211,23214,23245,23248,23287,23293,23300,23303,23394,23398,23479,23485,23488,23491,23596,23599,23602,23724,23728,23731,23798,23802,23839,23845,23847,23853,23858,23864,23871,23877,23880,23919,23925,23928,23930,23958],[10,21443,11254,21445,18],{"id":21444},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,21446,17013],{},[20,21448,1947,21449,21452],{},[15,21450,21451],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,21454,21455,21456,21458],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,21457,17013],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[46,21460,1972],{"id":1971},[51,21462,21464],{"className":53,"code":21463,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,21465,21466,21502,21506,21529],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,21467,21468,21470,21472,21474,21476,21478,21480,21482,21484,21486,21488,21490,21492,21494,21496,21498,21500],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,21469,13139],{"class":66},[60,21471,71],{"class":70},[60,21473,10426],{"class":74},[60,21475,256],{"class":255},[60,21477,7611],{"class":259},[60,21479,256],{"class":255},[60,21481,166],{"class":74},[60,21483,267],{"class":255},[60,21485,12817],{"class":259},[60,21487,256],{"class":255},[60,21489,82],{"class":74},[60,21491,267],{"class":255},[60,21493,9234],{"class":259},[60,21495,256],{"class":255},[60,21497,166],{"class":74},[60,21499,9241],{"class":78},[60,21501,9244],{"class":74},[60,21503,21504],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,21505,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,21507,21508,21510,21513,21515,21518,21520,21522,21524,21526],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,21509,1702],{"class":1537},[60,21511,21512],{"class":66}," key",[60,21514,82],{"class":74},[60,21516,21517],{"class":66}," value ",[60,21519,511],{"class":1537},[60,21521,13182],{"class":66},[60,21523,115],{"class":74},[60,21525,828],{"class":118},[60,21527,21528],{"class":74},"():\n",[60,21530,21531,21533,21535,21537,21539,21541],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,21532,1718],{"class":134},[60,21534,122],{"class":74},[60,21536,14776],{"class":118},[60,21538,82],{"class":74},[60,21540,8372],{"class":118},[60,21542,128],{"class":74},[20,21544,21545],{},[3698,21546,318],{},[51,21548,21550],{"className":53,"code":21549,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,21551,21552,21557],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,21553,21554],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,21555,21556],{"class":66},"name Ana\n",[60,21558,21559,21562],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,21560,21561],{"class":66},"age ",[60,21563,2670],{"class":78},[20,21565,150,21566,21568],{},[15,21567,17013],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[46,21570,158,21572,161],{"id":21571},"what-items-does",[15,21573,17013],{},[20,21575,21576,21578],{},[15,21577,17013],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,21580,11394],{},[30,21582,21583,21589,21592],{},[33,21584,21585,21586],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21587,21588],{},"(key, value)",[33,21590,21591],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[33,21593,21594],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,21596,238],{},[51,21598,21600],{"className":53,"code":21599,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21601,21602,21638,21642],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,21603,21604,21606,21608,21610,21612,21614,21616,21618,21620,21622,21624,21626,21628,21630,21632,21634,21636],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,21605,13139],{"class":66},[60,21607,71],{"class":70},[60,21609,10426],{"class":74},[60,21611,256],{"class":255},[60,21613,7611],{"class":259},[60,21615,256],{"class":255},[60,21617,166],{"class":74},[60,21619,267],{"class":255},[60,21621,12817],{"class":259},[60,21623,256],{"class":255},[60,21625,82],{"class":74},[60,21627,267],{"class":255},[60,21629,9234],{"class":259},[60,21631,256],{"class":255},[60,21633,166],{"class":74},[60,21635,9241],{"class":78},[60,21637,9244],{"class":74},[60,21639,21640],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,21641,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,21643,21644,21646,21648,21650,21652,21654,21656,21658],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,21645,135],{"class":134},[60,21647,122],{"class":74},[60,21649,8033],{"class":1656},[60,21651,122],{"class":74},[60,21653,17242],{"class":118},[60,21655,115],{"class":74},[60,21657,828],{"class":118},[60,21659,6231],{"class":74},[20,21661,21662],{},[3698,21663,318],{},[51,21665,21667],{"className":53,"code":21666,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,21668,21669],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,21670,21671,21674,21676,21678,21680,21682,21684,21686,21688,21690,21692,21694,21696,21698,21700,21702],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,21672,21673],{"class":74},"[(",[60,21675,3261],{"class":255},[60,21677,7611],{"class":259},[60,21679,3261],{"class":255},[60,21681,82],{"class":74},[60,21683,3256],{"class":255},[60,21685,12817],{"class":259},[60,21687,3261],{"class":255},[60,21689,9168],{"class":74},[60,21691,9171],{"class":74},[60,21693,3261],{"class":255},[60,21695,9234],{"class":259},[60,21697,3261],{"class":255},[60,21699,82],{"class":74},[60,21701,9241],{"class":78},[60,21703,9184],{"class":74},[20,21705,21706,21707,1460,21709,115],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[260,21708,9091],{"href":12960},[260,21710,14959],{"href":21711},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[46,21713,199],{"id":198},[20,21715,5380],{},[51,21717,21719],{"className":53,"code":21718,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,21720,21721],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,21722,21723,21725,21727,21729],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,21724,11385],{"class":66},[60,21726,115],{"class":74},[60,21728,828],{"class":118},[60,21730,8579],{"class":74},[20,21732,21733],{},"Things to remember:",[30,21735,21736,21741,21744],{},[33,21737,21738,21740],{},[15,21739,17013],{}," does not take any arguments",[33,21742,21743],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[33,21745,21746],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,21748,238],{},[51,21750,21752],{"className":53,"code":21751,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,21753,21754,21786,21790,21804,21808,21818],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,21755,21756,21758,21760,21762,21764,21766,21768,21770,21772,21774,21776,21778,21780,21782,21784],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,21757,5011],{"class":66},[60,21759,71],{"class":70},[60,21761,10426],{"class":74},[60,21763,256],{"class":255},[60,21765,4952],{"class":259},[60,21767,256],{"class":255},[60,21769,166],{"class":74},[60,21771,19832],{"class":78},[60,21773,82],{"class":74},[60,21775,267],{"class":255},[60,21777,4961],{"class":259},[60,21779,256],{"class":255},[60,21781,166],{"class":74},[60,21783,13442],{"class":78},[60,21785,9244],{"class":74},[60,21787,21788],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,21789,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,21791,21792,21794,21796,21798,21800,21802],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,21793,107],{"class":66},[60,21795,71],{"class":70},[60,21797,5058],{"class":66},[60,21799,115],{"class":74},[60,21801,828],{"class":118},[60,21803,8579],{"class":74},[60,21805,21806],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,21807,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,21809,21810,21812,21814,21816],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,21811,135],{"class":134},[60,21813,122],{"class":74},[60,21815,140],{"class":118},[60,21817,128],{"class":74},[60,21819,21820,21822,21824,21826],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,21821,135],{"class":134},[60,21823,122],{"class":74},[60,21825,16324],{"class":118},[60,21827,128],{"class":74},[20,21829,21830],{},[3698,21831,318],{},[51,21833,21835],{"className":53,"code":21834,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,21836,21837,21870],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,21838,21839,21842,21844,21846,21848,21850,21852,21854,21856,21858,21860,21862,21864,21866,21868],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,21840,21841],{"class":118},"dict_items",[60,21843,9593],{"class":74},[60,21845,3261],{"class":255},[60,21847,4952],{"class":259},[60,21849,3261],{"class":255},[60,21851,82],{"class":74},[60,21853,19832],{"class":78},[60,21855,9168],{"class":74},[60,21857,9171],{"class":74},[60,21859,3261],{"class":255},[60,21861,4961],{"class":259},[60,21863,3261],{"class":255},[60,21865,82],{"class":74},[60,21867,13442],{"class":78},[60,21869,10615],{"class":74},[60,21871,21872,21874,21876,21878,21880,21882,21884,21886,21888,21890,21892,21894,21896],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,21873,9213],{"class":74},[60,21875,3261],{"class":255},[60,21877,4952],{"class":259},[60,21879,3261],{"class":255},[60,21881,166],{"class":74},[60,21883,19832],{"class":78},[60,21885,82],{"class":74},[60,21887,3256],{"class":255},[60,21889,4961],{"class":259},[60,21891,3261],{"class":255},[60,21893,166],{"class":74},[60,21895,13442],{"class":78},[60,21897,9244],{"class":74},[20,21899,20825],{},[46,21901,21903],{"id":21902},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,21905,21906,21908,21909,21911],{},[15,21907,17013],{}," returns a ",[15,21910,21841],{}," view object.",[20,21913,2075],{},[30,21915,21916,21919,21922],{},[33,21917,21918],{},"You can loop over it",[33,21920,21921],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[33,21923,21924],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,21926,238],{},[51,21928,21930],{"className":53,"code":21929,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,21931,21932,21964,21978,21982,21996,22000,22019,22023],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,21933,21934,21936,21938,21940,21942,21944,21946,21948,21950,21952,21954,21956,21958,21960,21962],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,21935,1127],{"class":66},[60,21937,71],{"class":70},[60,21939,10426],{"class":74},[60,21941,256],{"class":255},[60,21943,2139],{"class":259},[60,21945,256],{"class":255},[60,21947,166],{"class":74},[60,21949,695],{"class":78},[60,21951,82],{"class":74},[60,21953,267],{"class":255},[60,21955,11682],{"class":259},[60,21957,256],{"class":255},[60,21959,166],{"class":74},[60,21961,85],{"class":78},[60,21963,9244],{"class":74},[60,21965,21966,21968,21970,21972,21974,21976],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,21967,9150],{"class":66},[60,21969,71],{"class":70},[60,21971,1178],{"class":66},[60,21973,115],{"class":74},[60,21975,828],{"class":118},[60,21977,8579],{"class":74},[60,21979,21980],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,21981,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,21983,21984,21986,21988,21990,21992,21994],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,21985,135],{"class":134},[60,21987,122],{"class":74},[60,21989,8033],{"class":1656},[60,21991,122],{"class":74},[60,21993,9197],{"class":118},[60,21995,315],{"class":74},[60,21997,21998],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,21999,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,22001,22002,22004,22006,22008,22011,22013,22015,22017],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,22003,9139],{"class":66},[60,22005,3854],{"class":74},[60,22007,256],{"class":255},[60,22009,22010],{"class":259},"z",[60,22012,256],{"class":255},[60,22014,13208],{"class":74},[60,22016,13211],{"class":70},[60,22018,2538],{"class":78},[60,22020,22021],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,22022,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,22024,22025,22027,22029,22031,22033,22035],{"class":62,"line":6367},[60,22026,135],{"class":134},[60,22028,122],{"class":74},[60,22030,8033],{"class":1656},[60,22032,122],{"class":74},[60,22034,9197],{"class":118},[60,22036,315],{"class":74},[20,22038,22039],{},[3698,22040,318],{},[51,22042,22044],{"className":53,"code":22043,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,22045,22046,22076],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,22047,22048,22050,22052,22054,22056,22058,22060,22062,22064,22066,22068,22070,22072,22074],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,22049,21673],{"class":74},[60,22051,3261],{"class":255},[60,22053,2139],{"class":259},[60,22055,3261],{"class":255},[60,22057,82],{"class":74},[60,22059,695],{"class":78},[60,22061,9168],{"class":74},[60,22063,9171],{"class":74},[60,22065,3261],{"class":255},[60,22067,11682],{"class":259},[60,22069,3261],{"class":255},[60,22071,82],{"class":74},[60,22073,85],{"class":78},[60,22075,9184],{"class":74},[60,22077,22078,22080,22082,22084,22086,22088,22090,22092,22094,22096,22098,22100,22102,22104,22106,22108,22110,22112,22114,22116,22118],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,22079,21673],{"class":74},[60,22081,3261],{"class":255},[60,22083,2139],{"class":259},[60,22085,3261],{"class":255},[60,22087,82],{"class":74},[60,22089,695],{"class":78},[60,22091,9168],{"class":74},[60,22093,9171],{"class":74},[60,22095,3261],{"class":255},[60,22097,11682],{"class":259},[60,22099,3261],{"class":255},[60,22101,82],{"class":74},[60,22103,85],{"class":78},[60,22105,9168],{"class":74},[60,22107,9171],{"class":74},[60,22109,3261],{"class":255},[60,22111,22010],{"class":259},[60,22113,3261],{"class":255},[60,22115,82],{"class":74},[60,22117,94],{"class":78},[60,22119,9184],{"class":74},[20,22121,22122,22123,22125],{},"This happens because ",[15,22124,9197],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[46,22127,22129,22130],{"id":22128},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,22131,17013],{},[20,22133,22134,22135,166],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,22136,17013],{},[51,22138,22140],{"className":53,"code":22139,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,22141,22142,22195,22199,22219],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,22143,22144,22146,22148,22150,22152,22154,22156,22158,22160,22162,22164,22166,22168,22170,22172,22174,22176,22179,22181,22183,22185,22187,22189,22191,22193],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,22145,12800],{"class":66},[60,22147,71],{"class":70},[60,22149,10426],{"class":74},[60,22151,256],{"class":255},[60,22153,7611],{"class":259},[60,22155,256],{"class":255},[60,22157,166],{"class":74},[60,22159,267],{"class":255},[60,22161,7861],{"class":259},[60,22163,256],{"class":255},[60,22165,82],{"class":74},[60,22167,267],{"class":255},[60,22169,19825],{"class":259},[60,22171,256],{"class":255},[60,22173,166],{"class":74},[60,22175,267],{"class":255},[60,22177,22178],{"class":259},"A",[60,22180,256],{"class":255},[60,22182,82],{"class":74},[60,22184,267],{"class":255},[60,22186,9234],{"class":259},[60,22188,256],{"class":255},[60,22190,166],{"class":74},[60,22192,13793],{"class":78},[60,22194,9244],{"class":74},[60,22196,22197],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,22198,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,22200,22201,22203,22205,22207,22209,22211,22213,22215,22217],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,22202,1702],{"class":1537},[60,22204,21512],{"class":66},[60,22206,82],{"class":74},[60,22208,21517],{"class":66},[60,22210,511],{"class":1537},[60,22212,12843],{"class":66},[60,22214,115],{"class":74},[60,22216,828],{"class":118},[60,22218,21528],{"class":74},[60,22220,22221,22223,22225,22228,22230,22232,22234,22237,22240,22242,22244,22246,22248],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,22222,1718],{"class":134},[60,22224,122],{"class":74},[60,22226,22227],{"class":2033},"f",[60,22229,256],{"class":259},[60,22231,9213],{"class":78},[60,22233,14776],{"class":118},[60,22235,22236],{"class":78},"}",[60,22238,22239],{"class":259},": ",[60,22241,9213],{"class":78},[60,22243,221],{"class":118},[60,22245,22236],{"class":78},[60,22247,256],{"class":259},[60,22249,128],{"class":74},[20,22251,22252],{},[3698,22253,318],{},[51,22255,22257],{"className":53,"code":22256,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,22258,22259,22268,22277],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,22260,22261,22263,22265],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,22262,7611],{"class":66},[60,22264,166],{"class":74},[60,22266,22267],{"class":66}," Mia\n",[60,22269,22270,22272,22274],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,22271,19825],{"class":66},[60,22273,166],{"class":74},[60,22275,22276],{"class":66}," A\n",[60,22278,22279,22281,22283],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,22280,9234],{"class":66},[60,22282,166],{"class":74},[60,22284,22285],{"class":78}," 14\n",[20,22287,22288],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[51,22290,22292],{"className":53,"code":22291,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,22293,22294,22346,22350,22362],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,22295,22296,22298,22300,22302,22304,22306,22308,22310,22312,22314,22316,22318,22320,22322,22324,22326,22328,22330,22332,22334,22336,22338,22340,22342,22344],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,22297,12800],{"class":66},[60,22299,71],{"class":70},[60,22301,10426],{"class":74},[60,22303,256],{"class":255},[60,22305,7611],{"class":259},[60,22307,256],{"class":255},[60,22309,166],{"class":74},[60,22311,267],{"class":255},[60,22313,7861],{"class":259},[60,22315,256],{"class":255},[60,22317,82],{"class":74},[60,22319,267],{"class":255},[60,22321,19825],{"class":259},[60,22323,256],{"class":255},[60,22325,166],{"class":74},[60,22327,267],{"class":255},[60,22329,22178],{"class":259},[60,22331,256],{"class":255},[60,22333,82],{"class":74},[60,22335,267],{"class":255},[60,22337,9234],{"class":259},[60,22339,256],{"class":255},[60,22341,166],{"class":74},[60,22343,13793],{"class":78},[60,22345,9244],{"class":74},[60,22347,22348],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,22349,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,22351,22352,22354,22356,22358,22360],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,22353,1702],{"class":1537},[60,22355,18142],{"class":66},[60,22357,511],{"class":1537},[60,22359,12843],{"class":66},[60,22361,1712],{"class":74},[60,22363,22364,22366,22368,22370,22372,22374,22376,22378,22380,22382,22384,22386,22388,22390,22392,22394],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,22365,1718],{"class":134},[60,22367,122],{"class":74},[60,22369,22227],{"class":2033},[60,22371,256],{"class":259},[60,22373,9213],{"class":78},[60,22375,14776],{"class":118},[60,22377,22236],{"class":78},[60,22379,22239],{"class":259},[60,22381,9213],{"class":78},[60,22383,13561],{"class":118},[60,22385,3854],{"class":74},[60,22387,14776],{"class":118},[60,22389,13208],{"class":74},[60,22391,22236],{"class":78},[60,22393,256],{"class":259},[60,22395,128],{"class":74},[20,22397,6452,22398,22401],{},[15,22399,22400],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,22403,22404,22405,115],{},"For a full guide, see ",[260,22406,22408],{"href":22407},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[46,22410,22412],{"id":22411},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,22414,22415],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[51,22417,22419],{"className":53,"code":22418,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,22420,22421,22479,22483,22503,22507],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,22422,22423,22425,22427,22429,22431,22433,22435,22437,22439,22441,22443,22445,22447,22449,22451,22453,22455,22457,22459,22461,22463,22466,22468,22470,22472,22475,22477],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,22424,377],{"class":66},[60,22426,71],{"class":70},[60,22428,10426],{"class":74},[60,22430,256],{"class":255},[60,22432,575],{"class":259},[60,22434,256],{"class":255},[60,22436,166],{"class":74},[60,22438,267],{"class":255},[60,22440,386],{"class":259},[60,22442,256],{"class":255},[60,22444,82],{"class":74},[60,22446,267],{"class":255},[60,22448,1392],{"class":259},[60,22450,256],{"class":255},[60,22452,166],{"class":74},[60,22454,267],{"class":255},[60,22456,495],{"class":259},[60,22458,256],{"class":255},[60,22460,82],{"class":74},[60,22462,267],{"class":255},[60,22464,22465],{"class":259},"grape",[60,22467,256],{"class":255},[60,22469,166],{"class":74},[60,22471,267],{"class":255},[60,22473,22474],{"class":259},"purple",[60,22476,256],{"class":255},[60,22478,9244],{"class":74},[60,22480,22481],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,22482,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,22484,22485,22488,22490,22493,22495,22497,22499,22501],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,22486,22487],{"class":66},"pairs_list ",[60,22489,71],{"class":70},[60,22491,22492],{"class":1656}," list",[60,22494,122],{"class":74},[60,22496,431],{"class":118},[60,22498,115],{"class":74},[60,22500,828],{"class":118},[60,22502,7136],{"class":74},[60,22504,22505],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,22506,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,22508,22509,22511,22513,22516],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,22510,135],{"class":134},[60,22512,122],{"class":74},[60,22514,22515],{"class":118},"pairs_list",[60,22517,128],{"class":74},[20,22519,22520],{},[3698,22521,318],{},[51,22523,22525],{"className":53,"code":22524,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,22526,22527],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,22528,22529,22531,22533,22535,22537,22539,22541,22543,22545,22547,22549,22551,22553,22555,22557,22559,22561,22563,22565,22567,22569,22571,22573,22575,22577,22579,22581],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,22530,21673],{"class":74},[60,22532,3261],{"class":255},[60,22534,575],{"class":259},[60,22536,3261],{"class":255},[60,22538,82],{"class":74},[60,22540,3256],{"class":255},[60,22542,386],{"class":259},[60,22544,3261],{"class":255},[60,22546,9168],{"class":74},[60,22548,9171],{"class":74},[60,22550,3261],{"class":255},[60,22552,1392],{"class":259},[60,22554,3261],{"class":255},[60,22556,82],{"class":74},[60,22558,3256],{"class":255},[60,22560,495],{"class":259},[60,22562,3261],{"class":255},[60,22564,9168],{"class":74},[60,22566,9171],{"class":74},[60,22568,3261],{"class":255},[60,22570,22465],{"class":259},[60,22572,3261],{"class":255},[60,22574,82],{"class":74},[60,22576,3256],{"class":255},[60,22578,22474],{"class":259},[60,22580,3261],{"class":255},[60,22582,9184],{"class":74},[20,22584,22585],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,22587,22588],{},"Use this when:",[30,22590,22591,22594,22597],{},[33,22592,22593],{},"You want clearer printed output",[33,22595,22596],{},"You need list behavior",[33,22598,22599],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[46,22601,22603,10521,22605,10521,22607],{"id":22602},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,22604,17013],{},[15,22606,17000],{},[15,22608,17006],{},[20,22610,22611],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[30,22613,22614,22619,22624],{},[33,22615,22616,22618],{},[15,22617,17013],{}," gives both key and value",[33,22620,22621,22623],{},[15,22622,17000],{}," gives only keys",[33,22625,22626,22628],{},[15,22627,17006],{}," gives only values",[20,22630,238],{},[51,22632,22634],{"className":53,"code":22633,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22635,22636,22672,22676,22694,22712],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,22637,22638,22640,22642,22644,22646,22648,22650,22652,22654,22656,22658,22660,22662,22664,22666,22668,22670],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,22639,13139],{"class":66},[60,22641,71],{"class":70},[60,22643,10426],{"class":74},[60,22645,256],{"class":255},[60,22647,7611],{"class":259},[60,22649,256],{"class":255},[60,22651,166],{"class":74},[60,22653,267],{"class":255},[60,22655,12817],{"class":259},[60,22657,256],{"class":255},[60,22659,82],{"class":74},[60,22661,267],{"class":255},[60,22663,9234],{"class":259},[60,22665,256],{"class":255},[60,22667,166],{"class":74},[60,22669,9241],{"class":78},[60,22671,9244],{"class":74},[60,22673,22674],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,22675,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,22677,22678,22680,22682,22684,22686,22688,22690,22692],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,22679,135],{"class":134},[60,22681,122],{"class":74},[60,22683,8033],{"class":1656},[60,22685,122],{"class":74},[60,22687,17242],{"class":118},[60,22689,115],{"class":74},[60,22691,16859],{"class":118},[60,22693,6231],{"class":74},[60,22695,22696,22698,22700,22702,22704,22706,22708,22710],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,22697,135],{"class":134},[60,22699,122],{"class":74},[60,22701,8033],{"class":1656},[60,22703,122],{"class":74},[60,22705,17242],{"class":118},[60,22707,115],{"class":74},[60,22709,706],{"class":118},[60,22711,6231],{"class":74},[60,22713,22714,22716,22718,22720,22722,22724,22726,22728],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,22715,135],{"class":134},[60,22717,122],{"class":74},[60,22719,8033],{"class":1656},[60,22721,122],{"class":74},[60,22723,17242],{"class":118},[60,22725,115],{"class":74},[60,22727,828],{"class":118},[60,22729,6231],{"class":74},[20,22731,22732],{},[3698,22733,318],{},[51,22735,22737],{"className":53,"code":22736,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22738,22739,22759,22775],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,22740,22741,22743,22745,22747,22749,22751,22753,22755,22757],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,22742,3854],{"class":74},[60,22744,3261],{"class":255},[60,22746,7611],{"class":259},[60,22748,3261],{"class":255},[60,22750,82],{"class":74},[60,22752,3256],{"class":255},[60,22754,9234],{"class":259},[60,22756,3261],{"class":255},[60,22758,101],{"class":74},[60,22760,22761,22763,22765,22767,22769,22771,22773],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,22762,3854],{"class":74},[60,22764,3261],{"class":255},[60,22766,12817],{"class":259},[60,22768,3261],{"class":255},[60,22770,82],{"class":74},[60,22772,9241],{"class":78},[60,22774,101],{"class":74},[60,22776,22777,22779,22781,22783,22785,22787,22789,22791,22793,22795,22797,22799,22801,22803,22805,22807],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,22778,21673],{"class":74},[60,22780,3261],{"class":255},[60,22782,7611],{"class":259},[60,22784,3261],{"class":255},[60,22786,82],{"class":74},[60,22788,3256],{"class":255},[60,22790,12817],{"class":259},[60,22792,3261],{"class":255},[60,22794,9168],{"class":74},[60,22796,9171],{"class":74},[60,22798,3261],{"class":255},[60,22800,9234],{"class":259},[60,22802,3261],{"class":255},[60,22804,82],{"class":74},[60,22806,9241],{"class":78},[60,22808,9184],{"class":74},[20,22810,22811],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[30,22813,22814,22822,22830],{},[33,22815,22816,22817],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[260,22818,22820],{"href":22819},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,22821,17000],{},[33,22823,22824,22825],{},"Need just values? Use ",[260,22826,22828],{"href":22827},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,22829,17006],{},[33,22831,22832,22833],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,22834,17013],{},[46,22836,1221,22838],{"id":22837},"when-to-use-items",[15,22839,17013],{},[20,22841,22842,22844],{},[15,22843,17013],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[30,22846,22847,22850,22853,22856,22859],{},[33,22848,22849],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[33,22851,22852],{},"Building formatted output",[33,22854,22855],{},"Looping through settings and values",[33,22857,22858],{},"Showing names with scores",[33,22860,22861],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,22863,238],{},[51,22865,22867],{"className":53,"code":22866,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,22868,22869,22877,22895,22914,22926,22930,22934,22955],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,22870,22871,22873,22875],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,22872,13761],{"class":66},[60,22874,71],{"class":70},[60,22876,11429],{"class":74},[60,22878,22879,22881,22883,22885,22887,22889,22891,22893],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,22880,11434],{"class":255},[60,22882,12431],{"class":259},[60,22884,256],{"class":255},[60,22886,166],{"class":74},[60,22888,267],{"class":255},[60,22890,12440],{"class":259},[60,22892,256],{"class":255},[60,22894,11450],{"class":74},[60,22896,22897,22899,22901,22903,22905,22907,22910,22912],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,22898,11434],{"class":255},[60,22900,20057],{"class":259},[60,22902,256],{"class":255},[60,22904,166],{"class":74},[60,22906,267],{"class":255},[60,22908,22909],{"class":259},"English",[60,22911,256],{"class":255},[60,22913,11450],{"class":74},[60,22915,22916,22918,22920,22922,22924],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,22917,11434],{"class":255},[60,22919,18458],{"class":259},[60,22921,256],{"class":255},[60,22923,166],{"class":74},[60,22925,6364],{"class":685},[60,22927,22928],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,22929,9244],{"class":74},[60,22931,22932],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,22933,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,22935,22936,22938,22941,22943,22945,22947,22949,22951,22953],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,22937,1702],{"class":1537},[60,22939,22940],{"class":66}," setting",[60,22942,82],{"class":74},[60,22944,21517],{"class":66},[60,22946,511],{"class":1537},[60,22948,13805],{"class":66},[60,22950,115],{"class":74},[60,22952,828],{"class":118},[60,22954,21528],{"class":74},[60,22956,22957,22959,22961,22963,22965,22967,22970,22972,22975,22977,22979,22981,22983],{"class":62,"line":6367},[60,22958,1718],{"class":134},[60,22960,122],{"class":74},[60,22962,22227],{"class":2033},[60,22964,256],{"class":259},[60,22966,9213],{"class":78},[60,22968,22969],{"class":118},"setting",[60,22971,22236],{"class":78},[60,22973,22974],{"class":259}," = ",[60,22976,9213],{"class":78},[60,22978,221],{"class":118},[60,22980,22236],{"class":78},[60,22982,256],{"class":259},[60,22984,128],{"class":74},[20,22986,22987],{},[3698,22988,318],{},[51,22990,22992],{"className":53,"code":22991,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,22993,22994,23004,23014],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,22995,22996,22999,23001],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,22997,22998],{"class":66},"theme ",[60,23000,71],{"class":70},[60,23002,23003],{"class":66}," dark\n",[60,23005,23006,23009,23011],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,23007,23008],{"class":66},"language ",[60,23010,71],{"class":70},[60,23012,23013],{"class":66}," English\n",[60,23015,23016,23019,23021],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,23017,23018],{"class":66},"notifications ",[60,23020,71],{"class":70},[60,23022,6364],{"class":685},[46,23024,1351],{"id":1350},[20,23026,23027,23028,115],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,23029,17013],{},[553,23031,23033,23034,23036],{"id":23032},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,23035,17013],{}," incorrectly",[20,23038,23039,23040,23042,23043,23046],{},"Each result from ",[15,23041,17013],{}," has ",[3698,23044,23045],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,23048,6630],{},[51,23050,23051],{"className":53,"code":21463,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,23052,23053,23089,23093,23113],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,23054,23055,23057,23059,23061,23063,23065,23067,23069,23071,23073,23075,23077,23079,23081,23083,23085,23087],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,23056,13139],{"class":66},[60,23058,71],{"class":70},[60,23060,10426],{"class":74},[60,23062,256],{"class":255},[60,23064,7611],{"class":259},[60,23066,256],{"class":255},[60,23068,166],{"class":74},[60,23070,267],{"class":255},[60,23072,12817],{"class":259},[60,23074,256],{"class":255},[60,23076,82],{"class":74},[60,23078,267],{"class":255},[60,23080,9234],{"class":259},[60,23082,256],{"class":255},[60,23084,166],{"class":74},[60,23086,9241],{"class":78},[60,23088,9244],{"class":74},[60,23090,23091],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,23092,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,23094,23095,23097,23099,23101,23103,23105,23107,23109,23111],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,23096,1702],{"class":1537},[60,23098,21512],{"class":66},[60,23100,82],{"class":74},[60,23102,21517],{"class":66},[60,23104,511],{"class":1537},[60,23106,13182],{"class":66},[60,23108,115],{"class":74},[60,23110,828],{"class":118},[60,23112,21528],{"class":74},[60,23114,23115,23117,23119,23121,23123,23125],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,23116,1718],{"class":134},[60,23118,122],{"class":74},[60,23120,14776],{"class":118},[60,23122,82],{"class":74},[60,23124,8372],{"class":118},[60,23126,128],{"class":74},[20,23128,23129],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[51,23131,23133],{"className":53,"code":23132,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,23134,23135,23171,23175,23191],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,23136,23137,23139,23141,23143,23145,23147,23149,23151,23153,23155,23157,23159,23161,23163,23165,23167,23169],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,23138,13139],{"class":66},[60,23140,71],{"class":70},[60,23142,10426],{"class":74},[60,23144,256],{"class":255},[60,23146,7611],{"class":259},[60,23148,256],{"class":255},[60,23150,166],{"class":74},[60,23152,267],{"class":255},[60,23154,12817],{"class":259},[60,23156,256],{"class":255},[60,23158,82],{"class":74},[60,23160,267],{"class":255},[60,23162,9234],{"class":259},[60,23164,256],{"class":255},[60,23166,166],{"class":74},[60,23168,9241],{"class":78},[60,23170,9244],{"class":74},[60,23172,23173],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,23174,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,23176,23177,23179,23181,23183,23185,23187,23189],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,23178,1702],{"class":1537},[60,23180,18142],{"class":66},[60,23182,511],{"class":1537},[60,23184,13182],{"class":66},[60,23186,115],{"class":74},[60,23188,828],{"class":118},[60,23190,21528],{"class":74},[60,23192,23193,23195,23197,23199],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,23194,1718],{"class":134},[60,23196,122],{"class":74},[60,23198,14776],{"class":118},[60,23200,128],{"class":74},[20,23202,23203,23204,23206,23207,23210],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,23205,14776],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,23208,23209],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,23212,23213],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[51,23215,23217],{"className":53,"code":23216,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23218,23219,23235],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,23220,23221,23223,23225,23227,23229,23231,23233],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,23222,1702],{"class":1537},[60,23224,1705],{"class":66},[60,23226,511],{"class":1537},[60,23228,13182],{"class":66},[60,23230,115],{"class":74},[60,23232,828],{"class":118},[60,23234,21528],{"class":74},[60,23236,23237,23239,23241,23243],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,23238,1718],{"class":134},[60,23240,122],{"class":74},[60,23242,1728],{"class":118},[60,23244,128],{"class":74},[20,23246,23247],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[51,23249,23251],{"className":53,"code":23250,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23252,23253,23273],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,23254,23255,23257,23259,23261,23263,23265,23267,23269,23271],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,23256,1702],{"class":1537},[60,23258,21512],{"class":66},[60,23260,82],{"class":74},[60,23262,21517],{"class":66},[60,23264,511],{"class":1537},[60,23266,13182],{"class":66},[60,23268,115],{"class":74},[60,23270,828],{"class":118},[60,23272,21528],{"class":74},[60,23274,23275,23277,23279,23281,23283,23285],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,23276,1718],{"class":134},[60,23278,122],{"class":74},[60,23280,14776],{"class":118},[60,23282,82],{"class":74},[60,23284,8372],{"class":118},[60,23286,128],{"class":74},[553,23288,1454,23290,23292],{"id":23289},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,23291,17013],{}," to return a regular list",[20,23294,23295,21908,23297,23299],{},[15,23296,17013],{},[15,23298,21841],{}," object, not a list.",[20,23301,23302],{},"Check it:",[51,23304,23306],{"className":53,"code":23305,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,23307,23308,23340,23344,23358,23376],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,23309,23310,23312,23314,23316,23318,23320,23322,23324,23326,23328,23330,23332,23334,23336,23338],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,23311,11661],{"class":66},[60,23313,71],{"class":70},[60,23315,10426],{"class":74},[60,23317,256],{"class":255},[60,23319,260],{"class":259},[60,23321,256],{"class":255},[60,23323,166],{"class":74},[60,23325,695],{"class":78},[60,23327,82],{"class":74},[60,23329,267],{"class":255},[60,23331,270],{"class":259},[60,23333,256],{"class":255},[60,23335,166],{"class":74},[60,23337,85],{"class":78},[60,23339,9244],{"class":74},[60,23341,23342],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,23343,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,23345,23346,23348,23350,23352,23354,23356],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,23347,135],{"class":134},[60,23349,122],{"class":74},[60,23351,11385],{"class":118},[60,23353,115],{"class":74},[60,23355,828],{"class":118},[60,23357,7136],{"class":74},[60,23359,23360,23362,23364,23366,23368,23370,23372,23374],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,23361,135],{"class":134},[60,23363,122],{"class":74},[60,23365,1657],{"class":1656},[60,23367,122],{"class":74},[60,23369,11385],{"class":118},[60,23371,115],{"class":74},[60,23373,828],{"class":118},[60,23375,6231],{"class":74},[60,23377,23378,23380,23382,23384,23386,23388,23390,23392],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,23379,135],{"class":134},[60,23381,122],{"class":74},[60,23383,8033],{"class":1656},[60,23385,122],{"class":74},[60,23387,11385],{"class":118},[60,23389,115],{"class":74},[60,23391,828],{"class":118},[60,23393,6231],{"class":74},[20,23395,23396],{},[3698,23397,318],{},[51,23399,23401],{"className":53,"code":23400,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,23402,23403,23435,23449],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,23404,23405,23407,23409,23411,23413,23415,23417,23419,23421,23423,23425,23427,23429,23431,23433],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,23406,21841],{"class":118},[60,23408,9593],{"class":74},[60,23410,3261],{"class":255},[60,23412,260],{"class":259},[60,23414,3261],{"class":255},[60,23416,82],{"class":74},[60,23418,695],{"class":78},[60,23420,9168],{"class":74},[60,23422,9171],{"class":74},[60,23424,3261],{"class":255},[60,23426,270],{"class":259},[60,23428,3261],{"class":255},[60,23430,82],{"class":74},[60,23432,85],{"class":78},[60,23434,10615],{"class":74},[60,23436,23437,23439,23441,23443,23445,23447],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,23438,3250],{"class":70},[60,23440,3253],{"class":2033},[60,23442,3256],{"class":255},[60,23444,21841],{"class":259},[60,23446,3261],{"class":255},[60,23448,3264],{"class":70},[60,23450,23451,23453,23455,23457,23459,23461,23463,23465,23467,23469,23471,23473,23475,23477],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,23452,21673],{"class":74},[60,23454,3261],{"class":255},[60,23456,260],{"class":259},[60,23458,3261],{"class":255},[60,23460,82],{"class":74},[60,23462,695],{"class":78},[60,23464,9168],{"class":74},[60,23466,9171],{"class":74},[60,23468,3261],{"class":255},[60,23470,270],{"class":259},[60,23472,3261],{"class":255},[60,23474,82],{"class":74},[60,23476,85],{"class":78},[60,23478,9184],{"class":74},[553,23480,23482,23483],{"id":23481},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,23484,17013],{},[20,23486,23487],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,23489,23490],{},"Problem example:",[51,23492,23494],{"className":53,"code":23493,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,23495,23496,23540,23544,23564,23576],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,23497,23498,23500,23502,23504,23506,23508,23510,23512,23514,23516,23518,23520,23522,23524,23526,23528,23530,23532,23534,23536,23538],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,23499,67],{"class":66},[60,23501,71],{"class":70},[60,23503,10426],{"class":74},[60,23505,256],{"class":255},[60,23507,260],{"class":259},[60,23509,256],{"class":255},[60,23511,166],{"class":74},[60,23513,695],{"class":78},[60,23515,82],{"class":74},[60,23517,267],{"class":255},[60,23519,270],{"class":259},[60,23521,256],{"class":255},[60,23523,166],{"class":74},[60,23525,85],{"class":78},[60,23527,82],{"class":74},[60,23529,267],{"class":255},[60,23531,287],{"class":259},[60,23533,256],{"class":255},[60,23535,166],{"class":74},[60,23537,94],{"class":78},[60,23539,9244],{"class":74},[60,23541,23542],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,23543,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,23545,23546,23548,23550,23552,23554,23556,23558,23560,23562],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,23547,1702],{"class":1537},[60,23549,21512],{"class":66},[60,23551,82],{"class":74},[60,23553,21517],{"class":66},[60,23555,511],{"class":1537},[60,23557,112],{"class":66},[60,23559,115],{"class":74},[60,23561,828],{"class":118},[60,23563,21528],{"class":74},[60,23565,23566,23568,23570,23572,23574],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,23567,6339],{"class":1537},[60,23569,21517],{"class":66},[60,23571,4639],{"class":70},[60,23573,85],{"class":78},[60,23575,1712],{"class":74},[60,23577,23578,23581,23583,23585,23587,23589,23591,23593],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,23579,23580],{"class":66},"        numbers",[60,23582,3854],{"class":74},[60,23584,256],{"class":255},[60,23586,18701],{"class":259},[60,23588,256],{"class":255},[60,23590,13208],{"class":74},[60,23592,13211],{"class":70},[60,23594,23595],{"class":78}," 4\n",[20,23597,23598],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,23600,23601],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[51,23603,23605],{"className":53,"code":23604,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,23606,23607,23651,23655,23680,23692,23710,23714],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,23608,23609,23611,23613,23615,23617,23619,23621,23623,23625,23627,23629,23631,23633,23635,23637,23639,23641,23643,23645,23647,23649],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,23610,67],{"class":66},[60,23612,71],{"class":70},[60,23614,10426],{"class":74},[60,23616,256],{"class":255},[60,23618,260],{"class":259},[60,23620,256],{"class":255},[60,23622,166],{"class":74},[60,23624,695],{"class":78},[60,23626,82],{"class":74},[60,23628,267],{"class":255},[60,23630,270],{"class":259},[60,23632,256],{"class":255},[60,23634,166],{"class":74},[60,23636,85],{"class":78},[60,23638,82],{"class":74},[60,23640,267],{"class":255},[60,23642,287],{"class":259},[60,23644,256],{"class":255},[60,23646,166],{"class":74},[60,23648,94],{"class":78},[60,23650,9244],{"class":74},[60,23652,23653],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,23654,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,23656,23657,23659,23661,23663,23665,23667,23669,23671,23673,23675,23677],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,23658,1702],{"class":1537},[60,23660,21512],{"class":66},[60,23662,82],{"class":74},[60,23664,21517],{"class":66},[60,23666,511],{"class":1537},[60,23668,22492],{"class":1656},[60,23670,122],{"class":74},[60,23672,1506],{"class":118},[60,23674,115],{"class":74},[60,23676,828],{"class":118},[60,23678,23679],{"class":74},"()):\n",[60,23681,23682,23684,23686,23688,23690],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,23683,6339],{"class":1537},[60,23685,21517],{"class":66},[60,23687,4639],{"class":70},[60,23689,85],{"class":78},[60,23691,1712],{"class":74},[60,23693,23694,23696,23698,23700,23702,23704,23706,23708],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,23695,23580],{"class":66},[60,23697,3854],{"class":74},[60,23699,256],{"class":255},[60,23701,18701],{"class":259},[60,23703,256],{"class":255},[60,23705,13208],{"class":74},[60,23707,13211],{"class":70},[60,23709,23595],{"class":78},[60,23711,23712],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,23713,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,23715,23716,23718,23720,23722],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,23717,135],{"class":134},[60,23719,122],{"class":74},[60,23721,1506],{"class":118},[60,23723,128],{"class":74},[553,23725,23727],{"id":23726},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,23729,23730],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[51,23732,23734],{"className":53,"code":23733,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23735,23736,23768,23772,23788],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,23737,23738,23740,23742,23744,23746,23748,23750,23752,23754,23756,23758,23760,23762,23764,23766],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,23739,1127],{"class":66},[60,23741,71],{"class":70},[60,23743,10426],{"class":74},[60,23745,256],{"class":255},[60,23747,2139],{"class":259},[60,23749,256],{"class":255},[60,23751,166],{"class":74},[60,23753,883],{"class":78},[60,23755,82],{"class":74},[60,23757,267],{"class":255},[60,23759,11682],{"class":259},[60,23761,256],{"class":255},[60,23763,166],{"class":74},[60,23765,878],{"class":78},[60,23767,9244],{"class":74},[60,23769,23770],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,23771,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,23773,23774,23776,23778,23780,23782,23784,23786],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,23775,1702],{"class":1537},[60,23777,1705],{"class":66},[60,23779,511],{"class":1537},[60,23781,1178],{"class":66},[60,23783,115],{"class":74},[60,23785,828],{"class":118},[60,23787,21528],{"class":74},[60,23789,23790,23792,23794,23796],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,23791,1718],{"class":134},[60,23793,122],{"class":74},[60,23795,1728],{"class":118},[60,23797,128],{"class":74},[20,23799,23800],{},[3698,23801,318],{},[51,23803,23805],{"className":53,"code":23804,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,23806,23807,23823],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,23808,23809,23811,23813,23815,23817,23819,23821],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,23810,122],{"class":74},[60,23812,3261],{"class":255},[60,23814,2139],{"class":259},[60,23816,3261],{"class":255},[60,23818,82],{"class":74},[60,23820,883],{"class":78},[60,23822,128],{"class":74},[60,23824,23825,23827,23829,23831,23833,23835,23837],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,23826,122],{"class":74},[60,23828,3261],{"class":255},[60,23830,11682],{"class":259},[60,23832,3261],{"class":255},[60,23834,82],{"class":74},[60,23836,878],{"class":78},[60,23838,128],{"class":74},[20,23840,23841,23842,23844],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,23843,21588],{}," pair.",[46,23846,1773],{"id":1772},[553,23848,23850,23851,5093],{"id":23849},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,23852,17013],{},[20,23854,17357,23855,23857],{},[15,23856,21841],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[553,23859,1777,23861,23863],{"id":23860},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,23862,17013],{}," return a list?",[20,23865,23866,23867,23870],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,23868,23869],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[553,23872,23874,23875,1435],{"id":23873},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,23876,17013],{},[20,23878,23879],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[51,23881,23883],{"className":53,"code":23882,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23884,23885,23905],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,23886,23887,23889,23891,23893,23895,23897,23899,23901,23903],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,23888,1702],{"class":1537},[60,23890,21512],{"class":66},[60,23892,82],{"class":74},[60,23894,21517],{"class":66},[60,23896,511],{"class":1537},[60,23898,11703],{"class":66},[60,23900,115],{"class":74},[60,23902,828],{"class":118},[60,23904,21528],{"class":74},[60,23906,23907,23909,23911,23913,23915,23917],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,23908,1718],{"class":134},[60,23910,122],{"class":74},[60,23912,14776],{"class":118},[60,23914,82],{"class":74},[60,23916,8372],{"class":118},[60,23918,128],{"class":74},[553,23920,1777,23922,23924],{"id":23921},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,23923,17013],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,23926,23927],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[46,23929,1842],{"id":1841},[30,23931,23932,23938,23944,23949,23953],{},[33,23933,23934],{},[260,23935,10673,23936,1869],{"href":22819},[15,23937,17000],{},[33,23939,23940],{},[260,23941,10673,23942,1869],{"href":22827},[15,23943,17006],{},[33,23945,23946],{},[260,23947,23948],{"href":22407},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[33,23950,23951],{},[260,23952,9091],{"href":12960},[33,23954,23955],{},[260,23956,23957],{"href":21711},"What is a dictionary in Python",[1885,23959,23960],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":23962},[23963,23964,23966,23967,23968,23970,23971,23973,23975,23984,23994],{"id":1971,"depth":104,"text":1972},{"id":21571,"depth":104,"text":23965},"What items() does",{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199},{"id":21902,"depth":104,"text":21903},{"id":22128,"depth":104,"text":23969},"Looping with items()",{"id":22411,"depth":104,"text":22412},{"id":22602,"depth":104,"text":23972},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":22837,"depth":104,"text":23974},"When to use items()",{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351,"children":23976},[23977,23979,23981,23983],{"id":23032,"depth":131,"text":23978},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23289,"depth":131,"text":23980},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23481,"depth":131,"text":23982},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23726,"depth":131,"text":23727},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":23985},[23986,23988,23990,23992],{"id":23849,"depth":131,"text":23987},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":23860,"depth":131,"text":23989},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":23873,"depth":131,"text":23991},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":23921,"depth":131,"text":23993},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21439,"description":23995},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":24002,"title":24003,"body":24004,"description":26095,"extension":1930,"meta":26096,"navigation":421,"path":22819,"seo":26097,"stem":26098,"__hash__":26099},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":24005,"toc":26061},[24006,24011,24017,24020,24031,24038,24040,24123,24127,24174,24179,24184,24189,24191,24207,24209,24308,24312,24369,24372,24374,24377,24470,24474,24537,24540,24556,24561,24563,24565,24580,24582,24593,24595,24638,24641,24685,24688,24690,24697,24700,24717,24719,24812,24816,24857,24869,24873,24876,24964,24968,24988,24991,25018,25025,25030,25034,25045,25047,25151,25155,25181,25184,25251,25256,25259,25282,25287,25291,25296,25302,25307,25309,25364,25368,25395,25402,25408,25411,25436,25442,25468,25471,25546,25553,25558,25560,25599,25617,25621,25624,25667,25670,25672,25691,25693,25698,25723,25726,25796,25799,25872,25876,25878,25939,25942,25958,25960,25965,25970,25977,25986,25992,25998,26005,26011,26015,26020,26022,26058],[10,24007,11254,24009,18],{"id":24008},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,24010,17000],{},[20,24012,24013,24014,24016],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,24015,17000],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24018,24019],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[30,24021,24022,24025,24028],{},[33,24023,24024],{},"view the available keys",[33,24026,24027],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[33,24029,24030],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,24032,24033,24035,24036,115],{},[15,24034,17000],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,24037,16950],{},[46,24039,1972],{"id":1971},[51,24041,24043],{"className":53,"code":24042,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,24044,24045,24081,24095,24099,24109],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,24046,24047,24049,24051,24053,24055,24057,24059,24061,24063,24065,24067,24069,24071,24073,24075,24077,24079],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,24048,12800],{"class":66},[60,24050,71],{"class":70},[60,24052,10426],{"class":74},[60,24054,256],{"class":255},[60,24056,7611],{"class":259},[60,24058,256],{"class":255},[60,24060,166],{"class":74},[60,24062,267],{"class":255},[60,24064,12817],{"class":259},[60,24066,256],{"class":255},[60,24068,82],{"class":74},[60,24070,267],{"class":255},[60,24072,9234],{"class":259},[60,24074,256],{"class":255},[60,24076,166],{"class":74},[60,24078,878],{"class":78},[60,24080,9244],{"class":74},[60,24082,24083,24085,24087,24089,24091,24093],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,24084,17177],{"class":66},[60,24086,71],{"class":70},[60,24088,12843],{"class":66},[60,24090,115],{"class":74},[60,24092,16859],{"class":118},[60,24094,8579],{"class":74},[60,24096,24097],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,24098,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,24100,24101,24103,24105,24107],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,24102,135],{"class":134},[60,24104,122],{"class":74},[60,24106,16859],{"class":118},[60,24108,128],{"class":74},[60,24110,24111,24113,24115,24117,24119,24121],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,24112,135],{"class":134},[60,24114,122],{"class":74},[60,24116,8033],{"class":1656},[60,24118,122],{"class":74},[60,24120,16859],{"class":118},[60,24122,315],{"class":74},[20,24124,24125],{},[3698,24126,318],{},[51,24128,24130],{"className":53,"code":24129,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,24131,24132,24154],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,24133,24134,24136,24138,24140,24142,24144,24146,24148,24150,24152],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,24135,16950],{"class":118},[60,24137,835],{"class":74},[60,24139,3261],{"class":255},[60,24141,7611],{"class":259},[60,24143,3261],{"class":255},[60,24145,82],{"class":74},[60,24147,3256],{"class":255},[60,24149,9234],{"class":259},[60,24151,3261],{"class":255},[60,24153,1193],{"class":74},[60,24155,24156,24158,24160,24162,24164,24166,24168,24170,24172],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,24157,3854],{"class":74},[60,24159,3261],{"class":255},[60,24161,7611],{"class":259},[60,24163,3261],{"class":255},[60,24165,82],{"class":74},[60,24167,3256],{"class":255},[60,24169,9234],{"class":259},[60,24171,3261],{"class":255},[60,24173,101],{"class":74},[20,24175,150,24176,24178],{},[15,24177,17000],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[46,24180,158,24182,161],{"id":24181},"what-keys-does",[15,24183,17000],{},[20,24185,24186,24188],{},[15,24187,17000],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24190,11394],{},[30,24192,24193,24196,24199,24204],{},[33,24194,24195],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[33,24197,24198],{},"It does not need any arguments",[33,24200,17357,24201,24203],{},[15,24202,16950],{}," view object, not a list",[33,24205,24206],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,24208,238],{},[51,24210,24212],{"className":53,"code":24211,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,24213,24214,24250,24254,24268,24272,24294],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,24215,24216,24218,24220,24222,24224,24226,24228,24230,24232,24234,24236,24238,24240,24242,24244,24246,24248],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,24217,13139],{"class":66},[60,24219,71],{"class":70},[60,24221,10426],{"class":74},[60,24223,256],{"class":255},[60,24225,7611],{"class":259},[60,24227,256],{"class":255},[60,24229,166],{"class":74},[60,24231,267],{"class":255},[60,24233,13156],{"class":259},[60,24235,256],{"class":255},[60,24237,82],{"class":74},[60,24239,267],{"class":255},[60,24241,9234],{"class":259},[60,24243,256],{"class":255},[60,24245,166],{"class":74},[60,24247,9241],{"class":78},[60,24249,9244],{"class":74},[60,24251,24252],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,24253,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,24255,24256,24258,24260,24262,24264,24266],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,24257,135],{"class":134},[60,24259,122],{"class":74},[60,24261,17242],{"class":118},[60,24263,115],{"class":74},[60,24265,16859],{"class":118},[60,24267,7136],{"class":74},[60,24269,24270],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,24271,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,24273,24274,24276,24278,24280,24282,24284,24286,24288,24290,24292],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,24275,17242],{"class":66},[60,24277,3854],{"class":74},[60,24279,256],{"class":255},[60,24281,10344],{"class":259},[60,24283,256],{"class":255},[60,24285,13208],{"class":74},[60,24287,13211],{"class":70},[60,24289,267],{"class":255},[60,24291,10351],{"class":259},[60,24293,3320],{"class":255},[60,24295,24296,24298,24300,24302,24304,24306],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,24297,135],{"class":134},[60,24299,122],{"class":74},[60,24301,17242],{"class":118},[60,24303,115],{"class":74},[60,24305,16859],{"class":118},[60,24307,7136],{"class":74},[20,24309,24310],{},[3698,24311,318],{},[51,24313,24315],{"className":53,"code":24314,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,24316,24317,24339],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,24318,24319,24321,24323,24325,24327,24329,24331,24333,24335,24337],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,24320,16950],{"class":118},[60,24322,835],{"class":74},[60,24324,3261],{"class":255},[60,24326,7611],{"class":259},[60,24328,3261],{"class":255},[60,24330,82],{"class":74},[60,24332,3256],{"class":255},[60,24334,9234],{"class":259},[60,24336,3261],{"class":255},[60,24338,1193],{"class":74},[60,24340,24341,24343,24345,24347,24349,24351,24353,24355,24357,24359,24361,24363,24365,24367],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,24342,16950],{"class":118},[60,24344,835],{"class":74},[60,24346,3261],{"class":255},[60,24348,7611],{"class":259},[60,24350,3261],{"class":255},[60,24352,82],{"class":74},[60,24354,3256],{"class":255},[60,24356,9234],{"class":259},[60,24358,3261],{"class":255},[60,24360,82],{"class":74},[60,24362,3256],{"class":255},[60,24364,10344],{"class":259},[60,24366,3261],{"class":255},[60,24368,1193],{"class":74},[20,24370,24371],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[46,24373,5733],{"id":5732},[20,24375,24376],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[51,24378,24380],{"className":53,"code":24379,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,24381,24382,24434,24438,24452],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,24383,24384,24386,24388,24390,24392,24394,24396,24398,24400,24402,24404,24406,24408,24410,24412,24414,24416,24418,24420,24422,24424,24426,24428,24430,24432],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,24385,1127],{"class":66},[60,24387,71],{"class":70},[60,24389,10426],{"class":74},[60,24391,256],{"class":255},[60,24393,7611],{"class":259},[60,24395,256],{"class":255},[60,24397,166],{"class":74},[60,24399,267],{"class":255},[60,24401,12817],{"class":259},[60,24403,256],{"class":255},[60,24405,82],{"class":74},[60,24407,267],{"class":255},[60,24409,9234],{"class":259},[60,24411,256],{"class":255},[60,24413,166],{"class":74},[60,24415,878],{"class":78},[60,24417,82],{"class":74},[60,24419,267],{"class":255},[60,24421,19825],{"class":259},[60,24423,256],{"class":255},[60,24425,166],{"class":74},[60,24427,267],{"class":255},[60,24429,22178],{"class":259},[60,24431,256],{"class":255},[60,24433,9244],{"class":74},[60,24435,24436],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,24437,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,24439,24440,24442,24444,24446,24448,24450],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,24441,135],{"class":134},[60,24443,122],{"class":74},[60,24445,9139],{"class":118},[60,24447,115],{"class":74},[60,24449,16859],{"class":118},[60,24451,7136],{"class":74},[60,24453,24454,24456,24458,24460,24462,24464,24466,24468],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,24455,135],{"class":134},[60,24457,122],{"class":74},[60,24459,8033],{"class":1656},[60,24461,122],{"class":74},[60,24463,9139],{"class":118},[60,24465,115],{"class":74},[60,24467,16859],{"class":118},[60,24469,6231],{"class":74},[20,24471,24472],{},[3698,24473,318],{},[51,24475,24477],{"className":53,"code":24476,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,24478,24479,24509],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,24480,24481,24483,24485,24487,24489,24491,24493,24495,24497,24499,24501,24503,24505,24507],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,24482,16950],{"class":118},[60,24484,835],{"class":74},[60,24486,3261],{"class":255},[60,24488,7611],{"class":259},[60,24490,3261],{"class":255},[60,24492,82],{"class":74},[60,24494,3256],{"class":255},[60,24496,9234],{"class":259},[60,24498,3261],{"class":255},[60,24500,82],{"class":74},[60,24502,3256],{"class":255},[60,24504,19825],{"class":259},[60,24506,3261],{"class":255},[60,24508,1193],{"class":74},[60,24510,24511,24513,24515,24517,24519,24521,24523,24525,24527,24529,24531,24533,24535],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,24512,3854],{"class":74},[60,24514,3261],{"class":255},[60,24516,7611],{"class":259},[60,24518,3261],{"class":255},[60,24520,82],{"class":74},[60,24522,3256],{"class":255},[60,24524,9234],{"class":259},[60,24526,3261],{"class":255},[60,24528,82],{"class":74},[60,24530,3256],{"class":255},[60,24532,19825],{"class":259},[60,24534,3261],{"class":255},[60,24536,101],{"class":74},[20,24538,24539],{},"This shows two things:",[30,24541,24542,24550],{},[33,24543,24544,21908,24547,24549],{},[15,24545,24546],{},"data.keys()",[15,24548,16950],{}," object",[33,24551,24552,24555],{},[15,24553,24554],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,24557,9087,24558,115],{},[260,24559,24560],{"href":9326},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[46,24562,5377],{"id":5376},[20,24564,202],{},[51,24566,24568],{"className":53,"code":24567,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,24569,24570],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,24571,24572,24574,24576,24578],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,24573,11385],{"class":66},[60,24575,115],{"class":74},[60,24577,16859],{"class":118},[60,24579,8579],{"class":74},[20,24581,21733],{},[30,24583,24584,24587,24590],{},[33,24585,24586],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[33,24588,24589],{},"It takes no parameters",[33,24591,24592],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,24594,16591],{},[51,24596,24598],{"className":53,"code":24597,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,24599,24600,24624],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,24601,24602,24604,24606,24608,24610,24612,24614,24616,24618,24620,24622],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,24603,12800],{"class":66},[60,24605,71],{"class":70},[60,24607,10426],{"class":74},[60,24609,256],{"class":255},[60,24611,7611],{"class":259},[60,24613,256],{"class":255},[60,24615,166],{"class":74},[60,24617,267],{"class":255},[60,24619,12817],{"class":259},[60,24621,256],{"class":255},[60,24623,9244],{"class":74},[60,24625,24626,24628,24630,24632,24634,24636],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,24627,135],{"class":134},[60,24629,122],{"class":74},[60,24631,13561],{"class":118},[60,24633,115],{"class":74},[60,24635,16859],{"class":118},[60,24637,7136],{"class":74},[20,24639,24640],{},"Incorrect:",[51,24642,24644],{"className":53,"code":24643,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,24645,24646,24670],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,24647,24648,24650,24652,24654,24656,24658,24660,24662,24664,24666,24668],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,24649,12800],{"class":66},[60,24651,71],{"class":70},[60,24653,10426],{"class":74},[60,24655,256],{"class":255},[60,24657,7611],{"class":259},[60,24659,256],{"class":255},[60,24661,166],{"class":74},[60,24663,267],{"class":255},[60,24665,12817],{"class":259},[60,24667,256],{"class":255},[60,24669,9244],{"class":74},[60,24671,24672,24674,24676,24678,24680,24683],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,24673,135],{"class":134},[60,24675,122],{"class":74},[60,24677,13561],{"class":118},[60,24679,115],{"class":74},[60,24681,16859],{"class":24682},"skxfh",[60,24684,128],{"class":74},[20,24686,24687],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[46,24689,17354],{"id":17353},[20,24691,24692,21908,24694,24696],{},[15,24693,17000],{},[15,24695,16950],{}," object.",[20,24698,24699],{},"This object:",[30,24701,24702,24705,24708,24714],{},[33,24703,24704],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[33,24706,24707],{},"can be used in a loop",[33,24709,24710,24711],{},"can be converted with ",[15,24712,24713],{},"list()",[33,24715,24716],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,24718,238],{},[51,24720,24722],{"className":53,"code":24721,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,24723,24724,24765,24769,24784,24788,24798],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,24725,24726,24729,24731,24733,24735,24738,24740,24742,24744,24747,24749,24751,24753,24756,24758,24760,24763],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,24727,24728],{"class":66},"car ",[60,24730,71],{"class":70},[60,24732,10426],{"class":74},[60,24734,256],{"class":255},[60,24736,24737],{"class":259},"brand",[60,24739,256],{"class":255},[60,24741,166],{"class":74},[60,24743,267],{"class":255},[60,24745,24746],{"class":259},"Toyota",[60,24748,256],{"class":255},[60,24750,82],{"class":74},[60,24752,267],{"class":255},[60,24754,24755],{"class":259},"year",[60,24757,256],{"class":255},[60,24759,166],{"class":74},[60,24761,24762],{"class":78}," 2020",[60,24764,9244],{"class":74},[60,24766,24767],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,24768,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,24770,24771,24773,24775,24778,24780,24782],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,24772,107],{"class":66},[60,24774,71],{"class":70},[60,24776,24777],{"class":66}," car",[60,24779,115],{"class":74},[60,24781,16859],{"class":118},[60,24783,8579],{"class":74},[60,24785,24786],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,24787,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,24789,24790,24792,24794,24796],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,24791,135],{"class":134},[60,24793,122],{"class":74},[60,24795,140],{"class":118},[60,24797,128],{"class":74},[60,24799,24800,24802,24804,24806,24808,24810],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,24801,135],{"class":134},[60,24803,122],{"class":74},[60,24805,1657],{"class":1656},[60,24807,122],{"class":74},[60,24809,140],{"class":118},[60,24811,315],{"class":74},[20,24813,24814],{},[3698,24815,318],{},[51,24817,24819],{"className":53,"code":24818,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,24820,24821,24843],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,24822,24823,24825,24827,24829,24831,24833,24835,24837,24839,24841],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,24824,16950],{"class":118},[60,24826,835],{"class":74},[60,24828,3261],{"class":255},[60,24830,24737],{"class":259},[60,24832,3261],{"class":255},[60,24834,82],{"class":74},[60,24836,3256],{"class":255},[60,24838,24755],{"class":259},[60,24840,3261],{"class":255},[60,24842,1193],{"class":74},[60,24844,24845,24847,24849,24851,24853,24855],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,24846,3250],{"class":70},[60,24848,3253],{"class":2033},[60,24850,3256],{"class":255},[60,24852,16950],{"class":259},[60,24854,3261],{"class":255},[60,24856,3264],{"class":70},[20,24858,24859,24860,24864,24865,115],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[260,24861,10673,24862,1869],{"href":17003},[15,24863,17006],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[260,24866,10673,24867,1869],{"href":17010},[15,24868,17013],{},[46,24870,24872],{"id":24871},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,24874,24875],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[51,24877,24879],{"className":53,"code":24878,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24880,24881,24934,24938,24954],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,24882,24883,24885,24887,24889,24891,24893,24895,24897,24899,24901,24903,24905,24907,24909,24911,24913,24915,24917,24919,24921,24923,24925,24927,24930,24932],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,24884,12800],{"class":66},[60,24886,71],{"class":70},[60,24888,10426],{"class":74},[60,24890,256],{"class":255},[60,24892,7611],{"class":259},[60,24894,256],{"class":255},[60,24896,166],{"class":74},[60,24898,267],{"class":255},[60,24900,12817],{"class":259},[60,24902,256],{"class":255},[60,24904,82],{"class":74},[60,24906,267],{"class":255},[60,24908,9234],{"class":259},[60,24910,256],{"class":255},[60,24912,166],{"class":74},[60,24914,878],{"class":78},[60,24916,82],{"class":74},[60,24918,267],{"class":255},[60,24920,15263],{"class":259},[60,24922,256],{"class":255},[60,24924,166],{"class":74},[60,24926,267],{"class":255},[60,24928,24929],{"class":259},"Math",[60,24931,256],{"class":255},[60,24933,9244],{"class":74},[60,24935,24936],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,24937,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,24939,24940,24942,24944,24946,24948,24950,24952],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,24941,1702],{"class":1537},[60,24943,18142],{"class":66},[60,24945,511],{"class":1537},[60,24947,12843],{"class":66},[60,24949,115],{"class":74},[60,24951,16859],{"class":118},[60,24953,21528],{"class":74},[60,24955,24956,24958,24960,24962],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,24957,1718],{"class":134},[60,24959,122],{"class":74},[60,24961,14776],{"class":118},[60,24963,128],{"class":74},[20,24965,24966],{},[3698,24967,318],{},[51,24969,24971],{"className":53,"code":24970,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,24972,24973,24978,24983],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,24974,24975],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,24976,24977],{"class":66},"name\n",[60,24979,24980],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,24981,24982],{"class":66},"age\n",[60,24984,24985],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,24986,24987],{"class":66},"course\n",[20,24989,24990],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[51,24992,24994],{"className":53,"code":24993,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,24995,24996,25008],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,24997,24998,25000,25002,25004,25006],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,24999,1702],{"class":1537},[60,25001,18142],{"class":66},[60,25003,511],{"class":1537},[60,25005,12843],{"class":66},[60,25007,1712],{"class":74},[60,25009,25010,25012,25014,25016],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,25011,1718],{"class":134},[60,25013,122],{"class":74},[60,25015,14776],{"class":118},[60,25017,128],{"class":74},[20,25019,25020,25021,25024],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,25022,25023],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[46,25026,1221,25028],{"id":25027},"when-to-use-keys",[15,25029,17000],{},[20,25031,150,25032,10537],{},[15,25033,17000],{},[30,25035,25036,25039,25042],{},[33,25037,25038],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[33,25040,25041],{},"you want to display available fields",[33,25043,25044],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,25046,238],{},[51,25048,25050],{"className":53,"code":25049,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25051,25052,25105,25109,25124,25141],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,25053,25054,25057,25059,25061,25063,25065,25067,25069,25071,25074,25076,25078,25080,25083,25085,25087,25090,25092,25094,25097,25099,25101,25103],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,25055,25056],{"class":66},"product ",[60,25058,71],{"class":70},[60,25060,10426],{"class":74},[60,25062,256],{"class":255},[60,25064,7611],{"class":259},[60,25066,256],{"class":255},[60,25068,166],{"class":74},[60,25070,267],{"class":255},[60,25072,25073],{"class":259},"Book",[60,25075,256],{"class":255},[60,25077,82],{"class":74},[60,25079,267],{"class":255},[60,25081,25082],{"class":259},"price",[60,25084,256],{"class":255},[60,25086,166],{"class":74},[60,25088,25089],{"class":78}," 12.99",[60,25091,82],{"class":74},[60,25093,267],{"class":255},[60,25095,25096],{"class":259},"stock",[60,25098,256],{"class":255},[60,25100,166],{"class":74},[60,25102,4555],{"class":78},[60,25104,9244],{"class":74},[60,25106,25107],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,25108,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,25110,25111,25113,25115,25117,25120,25122],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,25112,135],{"class":134},[60,25114,122],{"class":74},[60,25116,256],{"class":255},[60,25118,25119],{"class":259},"Available fields:",[60,25121,256],{"class":255},[60,25123,128],{"class":74},[60,25125,25126,25128,25130,25132,25135,25137,25139],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,25127,1702],{"class":1537},[60,25129,18142],{"class":66},[60,25131,511],{"class":1537},[60,25133,25134],{"class":66}," product",[60,25136,115],{"class":74},[60,25138,16859],{"class":118},[60,25140,21528],{"class":74},[60,25142,25143,25145,25147,25149],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,25144,1718],{"class":134},[60,25146,122],{"class":74},[60,25148,14776],{"class":118},[60,25150,128],{"class":74},[20,25152,25153],{},[3698,25154,318],{},[51,25156,25158],{"className":53,"code":25157,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,25159,25160,25167,25171,25176],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,25161,25162,25165],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,25163,25164],{"class":66},"Available fields",[60,25166,1712],{"class":74},[60,25168,25169],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,25170,24977],{"class":66},[60,25172,25173],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,25174,25175],{"class":66},"price\n",[60,25177,25178],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,25179,25180],{"class":66},"stock\n",[20,25182,25183],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[51,25185,25187],{"className":53,"code":25186,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,25188,25189,25225,25229],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,25190,25191,25193,25195,25197,25199,25201,25203,25205,25207,25209,25211,25213,25215,25217,25219,25221,25223],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,25192,25056],{"class":66},[60,25194,71],{"class":70},[60,25196,10426],{"class":74},[60,25198,256],{"class":255},[60,25200,7611],{"class":259},[60,25202,256],{"class":255},[60,25204,166],{"class":74},[60,25206,267],{"class":255},[60,25208,25073],{"class":259},[60,25210,256],{"class":255},[60,25212,82],{"class":74},[60,25214,267],{"class":255},[60,25216,25082],{"class":259},[60,25218,256],{"class":255},[60,25220,166],{"class":74},[60,25222,25089],{"class":78},[60,25224,9244],{"class":74},[60,25226,25227],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,25228,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,25230,25231,25233,25235,25237,25239,25241,25243,25245,25247,25249],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,25232,135],{"class":134},[60,25234,122],{"class":74},[60,25236,256],{"class":255},[60,25238,7611],{"class":259},[60,25240,256],{"class":255},[60,25242,1538],{"class":1537},[60,25244,25134],{"class":118},[60,25246,115],{"class":74},[60,25248,16859],{"class":118},[60,25250,7136],{"class":74},[20,25252,25253,25254,115],{},"This works and returns ",[15,25255,547],{},[20,25257,25258],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[51,25260,25262],{"className":53,"code":25261,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,25263,25264],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,25265,25266,25268,25270,25272,25274,25276,25278,25280],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,25267,135],{"class":134},[60,25269,122],{"class":74},[60,25271,256],{"class":255},[60,25273,7611],{"class":259},[60,25275,256],{"class":255},[60,25277,1538],{"class":1537},[60,25279,25134],{"class":118},[60,25281,128],{"class":74},[20,25283,25284,25285,115],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[260,25286,21139],{"href":17088},[46,25288,25290],{"id":25289},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,25292,25293,25294,115],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,25295,17000],{},[553,25297,1454,25299,25301],{"id":25298},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,25300,17000],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,25303,25304,25306],{},[15,25305,17000],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,25308,238],{},[51,25310,25312],{"className":53,"code":25311,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,25313,25314,25350],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,25315,25316,25318,25320,25322,25324,25326,25328,25330,25332,25334,25336,25338,25340,25342,25344,25346,25348],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,25317,1127],{"class":66},[60,25319,71],{"class":70},[60,25321,10426],{"class":74},[60,25323,256],{"class":255},[60,25325,7611],{"class":259},[60,25327,256],{"class":255},[60,25329,166],{"class":74},[60,25331,267],{"class":255},[60,25333,12817],{"class":259},[60,25335,256],{"class":255},[60,25337,82],{"class":74},[60,25339,267],{"class":255},[60,25341,9234],{"class":259},[60,25343,256],{"class":255},[60,25345,166],{"class":74},[60,25347,878],{"class":78},[60,25349,9244],{"class":74},[60,25351,25352,25354,25356,25358,25360,25362],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,25353,135],{"class":134},[60,25355,122],{"class":74},[60,25357,9139],{"class":118},[60,25359,115],{"class":74},[60,25361,16859],{"class":118},[60,25363,7136],{"class":74},[20,25365,25366],{},[3698,25367,318],{},[51,25369,25371],{"className":53,"code":25370,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,25372,25373],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,25374,25375,25377,25379,25381,25383,25385,25387,25389,25391,25393],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,25376,16950],{"class":118},[60,25378,835],{"class":74},[60,25380,3261],{"class":255},[60,25382,7611],{"class":259},[60,25384,3261],{"class":255},[60,25386,82],{"class":74},[60,25388,3256],{"class":255},[60,25390,9234],{"class":259},[60,25392,3261],{"class":255},[60,25394,1193],{"class":74},[20,25396,25397,25398,115],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[260,25399,25400],{"href":17010},[15,25401,17013],{},[553,25403,25405,25406],{"id":25404},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,25407,16950],{},[20,25409,25410],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[51,25412,25414],{"className":53,"code":25413,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,25415,25416],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,25417,25418,25420,25422,25424,25426,25428,25430,25432,25434],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,25419,3854],{"class":74},[60,25421,3261],{"class":255},[60,25423,7611],{"class":259},[60,25425,3261],{"class":255},[60,25427,82],{"class":74},[60,25429,3256],{"class":255},[60,25431,9234],{"class":259},[60,25433,3261],{"class":255},[60,25435,101],{"class":74},[20,25437,25438,25439,25441],{},"But ",[15,25440,17000],{}," returns:",[51,25443,25444],{"className":53,"code":25370,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,25445,25446],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,25447,25448,25450,25452,25454,25456,25458,25460,25462,25464,25466],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,25449,16950],{"class":118},[60,25451,835],{"class":74},[60,25453,3261],{"class":255},[60,25455,7611],{"class":259},[60,25457,3261],{"class":255},[60,25459,82],{"class":74},[60,25461,3256],{"class":255},[60,25463,9234],{"class":259},[60,25465,3261],{"class":255},[60,25467,1193],{"class":74},[20,25469,25470],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[51,25472,25474],{"className":53,"code":25473,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,25475,25476,25512,25531,25535],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,25477,25478,25480,25482,25484,25486,25488,25490,25492,25494,25496,25498,25500,25502,25504,25506,25508,25510],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,25479,1127],{"class":66},[60,25481,71],{"class":70},[60,25483,10426],{"class":74},[60,25485,256],{"class":255},[60,25487,7611],{"class":259},[60,25489,256],{"class":255},[60,25491,166],{"class":74},[60,25493,267],{"class":255},[60,25495,12817],{"class":259},[60,25497,256],{"class":255},[60,25499,82],{"class":74},[60,25501,267],{"class":255},[60,25503,9234],{"class":259},[60,25505,256],{"class":255},[60,25507,166],{"class":74},[60,25509,878],{"class":78},[60,25511,9244],{"class":74},[60,25513,25514,25517,25519,25521,25523,25525,25527,25529],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,25515,25516],{"class":66},"key_list ",[60,25518,71],{"class":70},[60,25520,22492],{"class":1656},[60,25522,122],{"class":74},[60,25524,9139],{"class":118},[60,25526,115],{"class":74},[60,25528,16859],{"class":118},[60,25530,7136],{"class":74},[60,25532,25533],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,25534,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,25536,25537,25539,25541,25544],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,25538,135],{"class":134},[60,25540,122],{"class":74},[60,25542,25543],{"class":118},"key_list",[60,25545,128],{"class":74},[553,25547,25549,25550,25552],{"id":25548},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,25551,17000],{}," on a list or string",[20,25554,25555,25557],{},[15,25556,17000],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,25559,2797],{},[51,25561,25563],{"className":53,"code":25562,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,25564,25565,25585],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,25566,25567,25569,25571,25573,25575,25577,25579,25581,25583],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,25568,67],{"class":66},[60,25570,71],{"class":70},[60,25572,75],{"class":74},[60,25574,79],{"class":78},[60,25576,82],{"class":74},[60,25578,85],{"class":78},[60,25580,82],{"class":74},[60,25582,94],{"class":78},[60,25584,101],{"class":74},[60,25586,25587,25589,25591,25593,25595,25597],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,25588,135],{"class":134},[60,25590,122],{"class":74},[60,25592,1506],{"class":118},[60,25594,115],{"class":74},[60,25596,16859],{"class":118},[60,25598,7136],{"class":74},[20,25600,25601,25602,25605,25606,25608,25609,115],{},"You may get an ",[15,25603,25604],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,25607,17000],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[260,25610,25612,25613,25616],{"href":25611},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,25614,25615],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[553,25618,25620],{"id":25619},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,25622,25623],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[51,25625,25627],{"className":53,"code":25626,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,25628,25629,25653],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,25630,25631,25633,25635,25637,25639,25641,25643,25645,25647,25649,25651],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,25632,1127],{"class":66},[60,25634,71],{"class":70},[60,25636,10426],{"class":74},[60,25638,256],{"class":255},[60,25640,7611],{"class":259},[60,25642,256],{"class":255},[60,25644,166],{"class":74},[60,25646,267],{"class":255},[60,25648,12817],{"class":259},[60,25650,256],{"class":255},[60,25652,9244],{"class":74},[60,25654,25655,25657,25659,25661,25663,25665],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,25656,135],{"class":134},[60,25658,122],{"class":74},[60,25660,9139],{"class":118},[60,25662,115],{"class":74},[60,25664,16859],{"class":24682},[60,25666,128],{"class":74},[20,25668,25669],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,25671,18628],{},[51,25673,25675],{"className":53,"code":25674,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,25676,25677],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,25678,25679,25681,25683,25685,25687,25689],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,25680,135],{"class":134},[60,25682,122],{"class":74},[60,25684,9139],{"class":118},[60,25686,115],{"class":74},[60,25688,16859],{"class":118},[60,25690,7136],{"class":74},[46,25692,1351],{"id":1350},[20,25694,25695,25696,166],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,25697,17000],{},[30,25699,25700,25705,25711,25717],{},[33,25701,8356,25702,25704],{},[15,25703,17000],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[33,25706,25707,25708,25710],{},"Thinking ",[15,25709,17000],{}," returns values too",[33,25712,25713,25714,25716],{},"Trying to index ",[15,25715,16950],{}," like a normal list",[33,25718,25719,25720,25722],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,25721,16950],{}," to a list when needed",[20,25724,25725],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[51,25727,25729],{"className":53,"code":25728,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,25730,25731,25763,25777,25781,25791],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,25732,25733,25735,25737,25739,25741,25743,25745,25747,25749,25751,25753,25755,25757,25759,25761],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,25734,1127],{"class":66},[60,25736,71],{"class":70},[60,25738,10426],{"class":74},[60,25740,256],{"class":255},[60,25742,260],{"class":259},[60,25744,256],{"class":255},[60,25746,166],{"class":74},[60,25748,695],{"class":78},[60,25750,82],{"class":74},[60,25752,267],{"class":255},[60,25754,270],{"class":259},[60,25756,256],{"class":255},[60,25758,166],{"class":74},[60,25760,85],{"class":78},[60,25762,9244],{"class":74},[60,25764,25765,25767,25769,25771,25773,25775],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,25766,17177],{"class":66},[60,25768,71],{"class":70},[60,25770,1178],{"class":66},[60,25772,115],{"class":74},[60,25774,16859],{"class":118},[60,25776,8579],{"class":74},[60,25778,25779],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,25780,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,25782,25783,25785,25787,25789],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,25784,135],{"class":134},[60,25786,122],{"class":74},[60,25788,16859],{"class":118},[60,25790,128],{"class":74},[60,25792,25793],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,25794,25795],{"class":146},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,25797,25798],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[51,25800,25802],{"className":53,"code":25801,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,25803,25804,25836,25854,25858],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,25805,25806,25808,25810,25812,25814,25816,25818,25820,25822,25824,25826,25828,25830,25832,25834],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,25807,1127],{"class":66},[60,25809,71],{"class":70},[60,25811,10426],{"class":74},[60,25813,256],{"class":255},[60,25815,260],{"class":259},[60,25817,256],{"class":255},[60,25819,166],{"class":74},[60,25821,695],{"class":78},[60,25823,82],{"class":74},[60,25825,267],{"class":255},[60,25827,270],{"class":259},[60,25829,256],{"class":255},[60,25831,166],{"class":74},[60,25833,85],{"class":78},[60,25835,9244],{"class":74},[60,25837,25838,25840,25842,25844,25846,25848,25850,25852],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,25839,17177],{"class":66},[60,25841,71],{"class":70},[60,25843,22492],{"class":1656},[60,25845,122],{"class":74},[60,25847,9139],{"class":118},[60,25849,115],{"class":74},[60,25851,16859],{"class":118},[60,25853,7136],{"class":74},[60,25855,25856],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,25857,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,25859,25860,25862,25864,25866,25868,25870],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,25861,135],{"class":134},[60,25863,122],{"class":74},[60,25865,16859],{"class":118},[60,25867,3854],{"class":74},[60,25869,195],{"class":78},[60,25871,1193],{"class":74},[46,25873,25875],{"id":25874},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,25877,11048],{},[51,25879,25881],{"className":53,"code":25880,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,25882,25883,25897,25907,25921],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,25884,25885,25887,25889,25891,25893,25895],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,25886,135],{"class":134},[60,25888,122],{"class":74},[60,25890,1657],{"class":1656},[60,25892,122],{"class":74},[60,25894,11385],{"class":118},[60,25896,315],{"class":74},[60,25898,25899,25901,25903,25905],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,25900,135],{"class":134},[60,25902,122],{"class":74},[60,25904,11385],{"class":118},[60,25906,128],{"class":74},[60,25908,25909,25911,25913,25915,25917,25919],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,25910,135],{"class":134},[60,25912,122],{"class":74},[60,25914,11385],{"class":118},[60,25916,115],{"class":74},[60,25918,16859],{"class":118},[60,25920,7136],{"class":74},[60,25922,25923,25925,25927,25929,25931,25933,25935,25937],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,25924,135],{"class":134},[60,25926,122],{"class":74},[60,25928,8033],{"class":1656},[60,25930,122],{"class":74},[60,25932,11385],{"class":118},[60,25934,115],{"class":74},[60,25936,16859],{"class":118},[60,25938,6231],{"class":74},[20,25940,25941],{},"These help you confirm:",[30,25943,25944,25947,25950,25955],{},[33,25945,25946],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[33,25948,25949],{},"what data it contains",[33,25951,25952,25953,11642],{},"what ",[15,25954,17000],{},[33,25956,25957],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[46,25959,1773],{"id":1772},[553,25961,23850,25963,5093],{"id":25962},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,25964,17000],{},[20,25966,17357,25967,25969],{},[15,25968,16950],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[553,25971,1806,25973,25976],{"id":25972},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,25974,25975],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,25978,25979,25980,25982,25983,115],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,25981,16950],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,25984,25985],{},"list(dict.keys())",[553,25987,25989,25990,1435],{"id":25988},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,25991,25975],{},[20,25993,25994,25995,25997],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,25996,1702],{}," loop.",[553,25999,26001,26002,26004],{"id":26000},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,26003,17000],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,26006,26007,26008,26010],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,26009,17000],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[553,26012,26014],{"id":26013},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,26016,150,26017,115],{},[15,26018,26019],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[46,26021,1842],{"id":1841},[30,26023,26024,26029,26035,26041,26047,26051],{},[33,26025,26026],{},[260,26027,26028],{"href":9326},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[33,26030,26031],{},[260,26032,10673,26033,1869],{"href":17003},[15,26034,17006],{},[33,26036,26037],{},[260,26038,10673,26039,1869],{"href":17010},[15,26040,17013],{},[33,26042,26043],{},[260,26044,26046],{"href":26045},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[33,26048,26049],{},[260,26050,17089],{"href":17088},[33,26052,26053],{},[260,26054,26055,26056,25616],{"href":25611},"How to fix ",[15,26057,25615],{},[1885,26059,26060],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":26062},[26063,26064,26066,26067,26068,26069,26070,26072,26081,26082,26083,26094],{"id":1971,"depth":104,"text":1972},{"id":24181,"depth":104,"text":26065},"What keys() does",{"id":5732,"depth":104,"text":5733},{"id":5376,"depth":104,"text":5377},{"id":17353,"depth":104,"text":17354},{"id":24871,"depth":104,"text":24872},{"id":25027,"depth":104,"text":26071},"When to use keys()",{"id":25289,"depth":104,"text":25290,"children":26073},[26074,26076,26078,26080],{"id":25298,"depth":131,"text":26075},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25404,"depth":131,"text":26077},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25548,"depth":131,"text":26079},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25619,"depth":131,"text":25620},{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351},{"id":25874,"depth":104,"text":25875},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":26084},[26085,26087,26089,26091,26093],{"id":25962,"depth":131,"text":26086},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":25972,"depth":131,"text":26088},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":25988,"depth":131,"text":26090},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":26000,"depth":131,"text":26092},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":26013,"depth":131,"text":26014},{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":24003,"description":26095},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":26101,"title":26102,"body":26103,"description":28375,"extension":1930,"meta":28376,"navigation":421,"path":28377,"seo":28378,"stem":28379,"__hash__":28380},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26104,"toc":28328},[26105,26110,26115,26118,26120,26266,26279,26284,26288,26302,26304,26407,26416,26418,26421,26459,26484,26486,26593,26595,26602,26605,26613,26615,26756,26764,26769,26773,26784,26786,26948,26951,26959,26966,26972,27069,27075,27152,27155,27167,27172,27178,27181,27185,27274,27277,27281,27385,27392,27479,27488,27490,27495,27501,27504,27550,27553,27619,27628,27634,27726,27732,27738,27781,27784,27849,27855,27947,27950,27954,27960,27985,27988,28084,28091,28093,28098,28189,28191,28219,28224,28226,28233,28236,28240,28250,28255,28258,28265,28275,28282,28290,28292,28325],[10,26106,11254,26108,18],{"id":26107},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,26109,12699],{},[20,26111,26112,26114],{},[15,26113,12506],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,26116,26117],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[46,26119,49],{"id":48},[51,26121,26123],{"className":53,"code":26122,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,26124,26125,26161,26185,26199,26212,26216,26221,26253],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,26126,26127,26129,26131,26133,26135,26137,26139,26141,26143,26145,26147,26149,26151,26153,26155,26157,26159],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,26128,13139],{"class":66},[60,26130,71],{"class":70},[60,26132,10426],{"class":74},[60,26134,256],{"class":255},[60,26136,7611],{"class":259},[60,26138,256],{"class":255},[60,26140,166],{"class":74},[60,26142,267],{"class":255},[60,26144,12817],{"class":259},[60,26146,256],{"class":255},[60,26148,82],{"class":74},[60,26150,267],{"class":255},[60,26152,9234],{"class":259},[60,26154,256],{"class":255},[60,26156,166],{"class":74},[60,26158,9241],{"class":78},[60,26160,9244],{"class":74},[60,26162,26163,26166,26168,26170,26172,26175,26177,26179,26181,26183],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,26164,26165],{"class":66},"removed_age ",[60,26167,71],{"class":70},[60,26169,13182],{"class":66},[60,26171,115],{"class":74},[60,26173,26174],{"class":118},"pop",[60,26176,122],{"class":74},[60,26178,256],{"class":255},[60,26180,9234],{"class":259},[60,26182,256],{"class":255},[60,26184,128],{"class":74},[60,26186,26187,26189,26191,26194,26196],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,26188,135],{"class":134},[60,26190,122],{"class":74},[60,26192,26193],{"class":118},"removed_age",[60,26195,143],{"class":74},[60,26197,26198],{"class":146},"   # 25\n",[60,26200,26201,26203,26205,26207,26209],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,26202,135],{"class":134},[60,26204,122],{"class":74},[60,26206,17242],{"class":118},[60,26208,143],{"class":74},[60,26210,26211],{"class":146},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[60,26213,26214],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,26215,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,26217,26218],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,26219,26220],{"class":146},"# Safe version with default value\n",[60,26222,26223,26226,26228,26230,26232,26234,26236,26238,26240,26242,26244,26246,26249,26251],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,26224,26225],{"class":66},"country ",[60,26227,71],{"class":70},[60,26229,13182],{"class":66},[60,26231,115],{"class":74},[60,26233,26174],{"class":118},[60,26235,122],{"class":74},[60,26237,256],{"class":255},[60,26239,15196],{"class":259},[60,26241,256],{"class":255},[60,26243,82],{"class":74},[60,26245,267],{"class":255},[60,26247,26248],{"class":259},"Not found",[60,26250,256],{"class":255},[60,26252,128],{"class":74},[60,26254,26255,26257,26259,26261,26263],{"class":62,"line":6367},[60,26256,135],{"class":134},[60,26258,122],{"class":74},[60,26260,15196],{"class":118},[60,26262,143],{"class":74},[60,26264,26265],{"class":146},"       # Not found\n",[20,26267,150,26268,26271,26272,26275,26276,26278],{},[15,26269,26270],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,26273,26274],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,26277,19621],{}," when the key might not exist.",[46,26280,158,26282,161],{"id":26281},"what-dictpop-does",[15,26283,12506],{},[20,26285,26286,166],{},[15,26287,12506],{},[30,26289,26290,26293,26296,26299],{},[33,26291,26292],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[33,26294,26295],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[33,26297,26298],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[33,26300,26301],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,26303,238],{},[51,26305,26307],{"className":53,"code":26306,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,26308,26309,26349,26353,26376,26380,26394],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,26310,26311,26313,26315,26317,26319,26321,26323,26325,26327,26329,26331,26333,26335,26337,26339,26341,26343,26345,26347],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,26312,11424],{"class":66},[60,26314,71],{"class":70},[60,26316,10426],{"class":74},[60,26318,256],{"class":255},[60,26320,7611],{"class":259},[60,26322,256],{"class":255},[60,26324,166],{"class":74},[60,26326,267],{"class":255},[60,26328,13156],{"class":259},[60,26330,256],{"class":255},[60,26332,82],{"class":74},[60,26334,267],{"class":255},[60,26336,10344],{"class":259},[60,26338,256],{"class":255},[60,26340,166],{"class":74},[60,26342,267],{"class":255},[60,26344,10351],{"class":259},[60,26346,256],{"class":255},[60,26348,9244],{"class":74},[60,26350,26351],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,26352,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,26354,26355,26358,26360,26362,26364,26366,26368,26370,26372,26374],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,26356,26357],{"class":66},"removed_city ",[60,26359,71],{"class":70},[60,26361,11507],{"class":66},[60,26363,115],{"class":74},[60,26365,26174],{"class":118},[60,26367,122],{"class":74},[60,26369,256],{"class":255},[60,26371,10344],{"class":259},[60,26373,256],{"class":255},[60,26375,128],{"class":74},[60,26377,26378],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,26379,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,26381,26382,26384,26386,26389,26391],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,26383,135],{"class":134},[60,26385,122],{"class":74},[60,26387,26388],{"class":118},"removed_city",[60,26390,143],{"class":74},[60,26392,26393],{"class":146},"  # Paris\n",[60,26395,26396,26398,26400,26402,26404],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,26397,135],{"class":134},[60,26399,122],{"class":74},[60,26401,11518],{"class":118},[60,26403,143],{"class":74},[60,26405,26406],{"class":146},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,26408,20704,26409,26412,26413,115],{},[15,26410,26411],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,26414,26415],{},"\"Paris\"",[46,26417,199],{"id":198},[20,26419,26420],{},"There are two common forms:",[51,26422,26424],{"className":53,"code":26423,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,26425,26426,26440],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,26427,26428,26430,26432,26434,26436,26438],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,26429,11385],{"class":66},[60,26431,115],{"class":74},[60,26433,26174],{"class":118},[60,26435,122],{"class":74},[60,26437,14776],{"class":118},[60,26439,128],{"class":74},[60,26441,26442,26444,26446,26448,26450,26452,26454,26457],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,26443,11385],{"class":66},[60,26445,115],{"class":74},[60,26447,26174],{"class":118},[60,26449,122],{"class":74},[60,26451,14776],{"class":118},[60,26453,82],{"class":74},[60,26455,26456],{"class":118}," default",[60,26458,128],{"class":74},[30,26460,26461,26467,26475,26481],{},[33,26462,26463,26466],{},[15,26464,26465],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[33,26468,26469,26471,26472,26474],{},[15,26470,26465],{}," raises ",[15,26473,19621],{}," if the key is missing",[33,26476,26477,26480],{},[15,26478,26479],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[33,26482,26483],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,26485,238],{},[51,26487,26489],{"className":53,"code":26488,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,26490,26491,26523,26527,26552,26580],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,26492,26493,26495,26497,26499,26501,26503,26505,26507,26509,26511,26513,26515,26517,26519,26521],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,26494,5011],{"class":66},[60,26496,71],{"class":70},[60,26498,10426],{"class":74},[60,26500,256],{"class":255},[60,26502,18350],{"class":259},[60,26504,256],{"class":255},[60,26506,166],{"class":74},[60,26508,19832],{"class":78},[60,26510,82],{"class":74},[60,26512,267],{"class":255},[60,26514,18359],{"class":259},[60,26516,256],{"class":255},[60,26518,166],{"class":74},[60,26520,13442],{"class":78},[60,26522,9244],{"class":74},[60,26524,26525],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,26526,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,26528,26529,26531,26533,26535,26537,26539,26541,26543,26545,26547,26549],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,26530,135],{"class":134},[60,26532,122],{"class":74},[60,26534,16324],{"class":118},[60,26536,115],{"class":74},[60,26538,26174],{"class":118},[60,26540,122],{"class":74},[60,26542,256],{"class":255},[60,26544,18350],{"class":259},[60,26546,256],{"class":255},[60,26548,446],{"class":74},[60,26550,26551],{"class":146},"         # 90\n",[60,26553,26554,26556,26558,26560,26562,26564,26566,26568,26570,26572,26574,26576,26578],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,26555,135],{"class":134},[60,26557,122],{"class":74},[60,26559,16324],{"class":118},[60,26561,115],{"class":74},[60,26563,26174],{"class":118},[60,26565,122],{"class":74},[60,26567,256],{"class":255},[60,26569,18368],{"class":259},[60,26571,256],{"class":255},[60,26573,82],{"class":74},[60,26575,3789],{"class":78},[60,26577,446],{"class":74},[60,26579,20701],{"class":146},[60,26581,26582,26584,26586,26588,26590],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,26583,135],{"class":134},[60,26585,122],{"class":74},[60,26587,16324],{"class":118},[60,26589,143],{"class":74},[60,26591,26592],{"class":146},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[46,26594,17354],{"id":17353},[20,26596,26597,13989,26599,26601],{},[15,26598,12699],{},[3698,26600,4581],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,26603,26604],{},"Instead, it returns:",[30,26606,26607,26610],{},[33,26608,26609],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[33,26611,26612],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,26614,238],{},[51,26616,26618],{"className":53,"code":26617,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,26619,26620,26652,26656,26679,26711,26715,26729,26743],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,26621,26622,26624,26626,26628,26630,26632,26634,26636,26638,26640,26642,26644,26646,26648,26650],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,26623,1127],{"class":66},[60,26625,71],{"class":70},[60,26627,10426],{"class":74},[60,26629,256],{"class":255},[60,26631,260],{"class":259},[60,26633,256],{"class":255},[60,26635,166],{"class":74},[60,26637,883],{"class":78},[60,26639,82],{"class":74},[60,26641,267],{"class":255},[60,26643,270],{"class":259},[60,26645,256],{"class":255},[60,26647,166],{"class":74},[60,26649,878],{"class":78},[60,26651,9244],{"class":74},[60,26653,26654],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,26655,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,26657,26658,26661,26663,26665,26667,26669,26671,26673,26675,26677],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,26659,26660],{"class":66},"result1 ",[60,26662,71],{"class":70},[60,26664,1178],{"class":66},[60,26666,115],{"class":74},[60,26668,26174],{"class":118},[60,26670,122],{"class":74},[60,26672,256],{"class":255},[60,26674,260],{"class":259},[60,26676,256],{"class":255},[60,26678,128],{"class":74},[60,26680,26681,26684,26686,26688,26690,26692,26694,26696,26698,26700,26702,26704,26707,26709],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,26682,26683],{"class":66},"result2 ",[60,26685,71],{"class":70},[60,26687,1178],{"class":66},[60,26689,115],{"class":74},[60,26691,26174],{"class":118},[60,26693,122],{"class":74},[60,26695,256],{"class":255},[60,26697,287],{"class":259},[60,26699,256],{"class":255},[60,26701,82],{"class":74},[60,26703,267],{"class":255},[60,26705,26706],{"class":259},"missing",[60,26708,256],{"class":255},[60,26710,128],{"class":74},[60,26712,26713],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,26714,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,26716,26717,26719,26721,26724,26726],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,26718,135],{"class":134},[60,26720,122],{"class":74},[60,26722,26723],{"class":118},"result1",[60,26725,143],{"class":74},[60,26727,26728],{"class":146},"  # 10\n",[60,26730,26731,26733,26735,26738,26740],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,26732,135],{"class":134},[60,26734,122],{"class":74},[60,26736,26737],{"class":118},"result2",[60,26739,143],{"class":74},[60,26741,26742],{"class":146},"  # missing\n",[60,26744,26745,26747,26749,26751,26753],{"class":62,"line":6367},[60,26746,135],{"class":134},[60,26748,122],{"class":74},[60,26750,9139],{"class":118},[60,26752,143],{"class":74},[60,26754,26755],{"class":146},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,26757,26758,26759,6573],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[260,26760,26761],{"href":10672},[15,26762,26763],{},"dict.get()",[46,26765,1221,26767],{"id":26766},"when-to-use-pop",[15,26768,12699],{},[20,26770,150,26771,10537],{},[15,26772,12699],{},[30,26774,26775,26778,26781],{},[33,26776,26777],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[33,26779,26780],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[33,26782,26783],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,26785,238],{},[51,26787,26789],{"className":53,"code":26788,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,26790,26791,26843,26847,26874,26878,26902,26906,26920,26934],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,26792,26793,26795,26797,26799,26801,26803,26805,26807,26809,26812,26814,26816,26818,26820,26822,26824,26827,26829,26831,26834,26836,26838,26841],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,26794,25056],{"class":66},[60,26796,71],{"class":70},[60,26798,10426],{"class":74},[60,26800,256],{"class":255},[60,26802,7611],{"class":259},[60,26804,256],{"class":255},[60,26806,166],{"class":74},[60,26808,267],{"class":255},[60,26810,26811],{"class":259},"Laptop",[60,26813,256],{"class":255},[60,26815,82],{"class":74},[60,26817,267],{"class":255},[60,26819,25082],{"class":259},[60,26821,256],{"class":255},[60,26823,166],{"class":74},[60,26825,26826],{"class":78}," 1200",[60,26828,82],{"class":74},[60,26830,267],{"class":255},[60,26832,26833],{"class":259},"discount",[60,26835,256],{"class":255},[60,26837,166],{"class":74},[60,26839,26840],{"class":78}," 200",[60,26842,9244],{"class":74},[60,26844,26845],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,26846,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,26848,26849,26852,26854,26856,26858,26860,26862,26864,26866,26868,26870,26872],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,26850,26851],{"class":66},"discount_amount ",[60,26853,71],{"class":70},[60,26855,25134],{"class":66},[60,26857,115],{"class":74},[60,26859,26174],{"class":118},[60,26861,122],{"class":74},[60,26863,256],{"class":255},[60,26865,26833],{"class":259},[60,26867,256],{"class":255},[60,26869,82],{"class":74},[60,26871,3789],{"class":78},[60,26873,128],{"class":74},[60,26875,26876],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,26877,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,26879,26880,26883,26885,26887,26889,26891,26893,26895,26897,26899],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,26881,26882],{"class":66},"final_price ",[60,26884,71],{"class":70},[60,26886,25134],{"class":66},[60,26888,3854],{"class":74},[60,26890,256],{"class":255},[60,26892,25082],{"class":259},[60,26894,256],{"class":255},[60,26896,13208],{"class":74},[60,26898,2187],{"class":70},[60,26900,26901],{"class":66}," discount_amount\n",[60,26903,26904],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,26905,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,26907,26908,26910,26912,26915,26917],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,26909,135],{"class":134},[60,26911,122],{"class":74},[60,26913,26914],{"class":118},"discount_amount",[60,26916,143],{"class":74},[60,26918,26919],{"class":146},"  # 200\n",[60,26921,26922,26924,26926,26929,26931],{"class":62,"line":6367},[60,26923,135],{"class":134},[60,26925,122],{"class":74},[60,26927,26928],{"class":118},"final_price",[60,26930,143],{"class":74},[60,26932,26933],{"class":146},"      # 1000\n",[60,26935,26936,26938,26940,26943,26945],{"class":62,"line":6373},[60,26937,135],{"class":134},[60,26939,122],{"class":74},[60,26941,26942],{"class":118},"product",[60,26944,143],{"class":74},[60,26946,26947],{"class":146},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,26949,26950],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[46,26952,26954,10521,26956],{"id":26953},"pop-vs-del",[15,26955,12699],{},[15,26957,26958],{},"del",[20,26960,10526,26961,544,26963,26965],{},[15,26962,12699],{},[15,26964,26958],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[553,26967,150,26969,26971],{"id":26968},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,26970,12699],{}," when you need the removed value",[51,26973,26975],{"className":53,"code":26974,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,26976,26977,27013,27017,27039,27043,27056],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,26978,26979,26981,26983,26985,26987,26989,26991,26993,26995,26997,26999,27001,27003,27005,27007,27009,27011],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,26980,13139],{"class":66},[60,26982,71],{"class":70},[60,26984,10426],{"class":74},[60,26986,256],{"class":255},[60,26988,7611],{"class":259},[60,26990,256],{"class":255},[60,26992,166],{"class":74},[60,26994,267],{"class":255},[60,26996,12817],{"class":259},[60,26998,256],{"class":255},[60,27000,82],{"class":74},[60,27002,267],{"class":255},[60,27004,9234],{"class":259},[60,27006,256],{"class":255},[60,27008,166],{"class":74},[60,27010,9241],{"class":78},[60,27012,9244],{"class":74},[60,27014,27015],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,27016,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,27018,27019,27021,27023,27025,27027,27029,27031,27033,27035,27037],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,27020,21561],{"class":66},[60,27022,71],{"class":70},[60,27024,13182],{"class":66},[60,27026,115],{"class":74},[60,27028,26174],{"class":118},[60,27030,122],{"class":74},[60,27032,256],{"class":255},[60,27034,9234],{"class":259},[60,27036,256],{"class":255},[60,27038,128],{"class":74},[60,27040,27041],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,27042,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,27044,27045,27047,27049,27051,27053],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,27046,135],{"class":134},[60,27048,122],{"class":74},[60,27050,9234],{"class":118},[60,27052,143],{"class":74},[60,27054,27055],{"class":146},"     # 25\n",[60,27057,27058,27060,27062,27064,27066],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,27059,135],{"class":134},[60,27061,122],{"class":74},[60,27063,17242],{"class":118},[60,27065,143],{"class":74},[60,27067,27068],{"class":146},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[553,27070,150,27072,27074],{"id":27071},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,27073,26958],{}," when you only want deletion",[51,27076,27078],{"className":53,"code":27077,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27079,27080,27116,27120,27136,27140],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,27081,27082,27084,27086,27088,27090,27092,27094,27096,27098,27100,27102,27104,27106,27108,27110,27112,27114],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,27083,13139],{"class":66},[60,27085,71],{"class":70},[60,27087,10426],{"class":74},[60,27089,256],{"class":255},[60,27091,7611],{"class":259},[60,27093,256],{"class":255},[60,27095,166],{"class":74},[60,27097,267],{"class":255},[60,27099,12817],{"class":259},[60,27101,256],{"class":255},[60,27103,82],{"class":74},[60,27105,267],{"class":255},[60,27107,9234],{"class":259},[60,27109,256],{"class":255},[60,27111,166],{"class":74},[60,27113,9241],{"class":78},[60,27115,9244],{"class":74},[60,27117,27118],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,27119,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,27121,27122,27124,27126,27128,27130,27132,27134],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,27123,26958],{"class":1537},[60,27125,13182],{"class":66},[60,27127,3854],{"class":74},[60,27129,256],{"class":255},[60,27131,9234],{"class":259},[60,27133,256],{"class":255},[60,27135,101],{"class":74},[60,27137,27138],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,27139,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,27141,27142,27144,27146,27148,27150],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,27143,135],{"class":134},[60,27145,122],{"class":74},[60,27147,17242],{"class":118},[60,27149,143],{"class":74},[60,27151,27068],{"class":146},[20,27153,27154],{},"Difference:",[30,27156,27157,27162],{},[33,27158,27159,27161],{},[15,27160,12699],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[33,27163,27164,27166],{},[15,27165,26958],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,27168,27169,27170,115],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[260,27171,12511],{"href":12510},[46,27173,27175,27176],{"id":27174},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,27177,19621],{},[20,27179,27180],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[553,27182,27184],{"id":27183},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[51,27186,27188],{"className":53,"code":27187,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27189,27190,27215,27219,27245,27249,27261],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,27191,27192,27194,27196,27198,27200,27202,27204,27206,27208,27211,27213],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,27193,11661],{"class":66},[60,27195,71],{"class":70},[60,27197,10426],{"class":74},[60,27199,256],{"class":255},[60,27201,7611],{"class":259},[60,27203,256],{"class":255},[60,27205,166],{"class":74},[60,27207,267],{"class":255},[60,27209,27210],{"class":259},"Sara",[60,27212,256],{"class":255},[60,27214,9244],{"class":74},[60,27216,27217],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,27218,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,27220,27221,27223,27225,27227,27229,27231,27233,27235,27237,27239,27241,27243],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,27222,1690],{"class":66},[60,27224,71],{"class":70},[60,27226,11703],{"class":66},[60,27228,115],{"class":74},[60,27230,26174],{"class":118},[60,27232,122],{"class":74},[60,27234,256],{"class":255},[60,27236,9234],{"class":259},[60,27238,256],{"class":255},[60,27240,82],{"class":74},[60,27242,3808],{"class":685},[60,27244,128],{"class":74},[60,27246,27247],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,27248,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,27250,27251,27253,27255,27257,27259],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,27252,135],{"class":134},[60,27254,122],{"class":74},[60,27256,221],{"class":118},[60,27258,143],{"class":74},[60,27260,20494],{"class":146},[60,27262,27263,27265,27267,27269,27271],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,27264,135],{"class":134},[60,27266,122],{"class":74},[60,27268,11385],{"class":118},[60,27270,143],{"class":74},[60,27272,27273],{"class":146}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,27275,27276],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[553,27278,27280],{"id":27279},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[51,27282,27284],{"className":53,"code":27283,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,27285,27286,27310,27314,27330,27353,27363,27370],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,27287,27288,27290,27292,27294,27296,27298,27300,27302,27304,27306,27308],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,27289,11661],{"class":66},[60,27291,71],{"class":70},[60,27293,10426],{"class":74},[60,27295,256],{"class":255},[60,27297,7611],{"class":259},[60,27299,256],{"class":255},[60,27301,166],{"class":74},[60,27303,267],{"class":255},[60,27305,27210],{"class":259},[60,27307,256],{"class":255},[60,27309,9244],{"class":74},[60,27311,27312],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,27313,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,27315,27316,27318,27320,27322,27324,27326,27328],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,27317,6939],{"class":1537},[60,27319,267],{"class":255},[60,27321,9234],{"class":259},[60,27323,256],{"class":255},[60,27325,1538],{"class":70},[60,27327,11703],{"class":66},[60,27329,1712],{"class":74},[60,27331,27332,27335,27337,27339,27341,27343,27345,27347,27349,27351],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,27333,27334],{"class":66},"    value ",[60,27336,71],{"class":70},[60,27338,11703],{"class":66},[60,27340,115],{"class":74},[60,27342,26174],{"class":118},[60,27344,122],{"class":74},[60,27346,256],{"class":255},[60,27348,9234],{"class":259},[60,27350,256],{"class":255},[60,27352,128],{"class":74},[60,27354,27355,27357,27359,27361],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,27356,1718],{"class":134},[60,27358,122],{"class":74},[60,27360,221],{"class":118},[60,27362,128],{"class":74},[60,27364,27365,27368],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,27366,27367],{"class":1537},"else",[60,27369,1712],{"class":74},[60,27371,27372,27374,27376,27378,27381,27383],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,27373,1718],{"class":134},[60,27375,122],{"class":74},[60,27377,256],{"class":255},[60,27379,27380],{"class":259},"Key not found",[60,27382,256],{"class":255},[60,27384,128],{"class":74},[553,27386,27388,27389,27391],{"id":27387},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,27390,10676],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[51,27393,27395],{"className":53,"code":27394,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27396,27397,27421,27425,27451,27455,27467],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,27398,27399,27401,27403,27405,27407,27409,27411,27413,27415,27417,27419],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,27400,11661],{"class":66},[60,27402,71],{"class":70},[60,27404,10426],{"class":74},[60,27406,256],{"class":255},[60,27408,7611],{"class":259},[60,27410,256],{"class":255},[60,27412,166],{"class":74},[60,27414,267],{"class":255},[60,27416,27210],{"class":259},[60,27418,256],{"class":255},[60,27420,9244],{"class":74},[60,27422,27423],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,27424,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,27426,27427,27429,27431,27433,27435,27437,27439,27441,27443,27445,27447,27449],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,27428,1690],{"class":66},[60,27430,71],{"class":70},[60,27432,11703],{"class":66},[60,27434,115],{"class":74},[60,27436,19684],{"class":118},[60,27438,122],{"class":74},[60,27440,256],{"class":255},[60,27442,9234],{"class":259},[60,27444,256],{"class":255},[60,27446,82],{"class":74},[60,27448,3808],{"class":685},[60,27450,128],{"class":74},[60,27452,27453],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,27454,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,27456,27457,27459,27461,27463,27465],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,27458,135],{"class":134},[60,27460,122],{"class":74},[60,27462,221],{"class":118},[60,27464,143],{"class":74},[60,27466,20494],{"class":146},[60,27468,27469,27471,27473,27475,27477],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,27470,135],{"class":134},[60,27472,122],{"class":74},[60,27474,11385],{"class":118},[60,27476,143],{"class":74},[60,27478,27273],{"class":146},[20,27480,150,27481,27485,27486,115],{},[260,27482,27483],{"href":10672},[15,27484,26763],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[260,27487,11198],{"href":11010},[46,27489,4468],{"id":4467},[20,27491,27492,27493,115],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,27494,12506],{},[553,27496,25707,27498,27500],{"id":27497},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,27499,12699],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,27502,27503],{},"Lists use indexes:",[51,27505,27507],{"className":53,"code":27506,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,27508,27509,27529],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,27510,27511,27513,27515,27517,27519,27521,27523,27525,27527],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,27512,67],{"class":66},[60,27514,71],{"class":70},[60,27516,75],{"class":74},[60,27518,873],{"class":78},[60,27520,82],{"class":74},[60,27522,878],{"class":78},[60,27524,82],{"class":74},[60,27526,888],{"class":78},[60,27528,101],{"class":74},[60,27530,27531,27533,27535,27537,27539,27541,27543,27545,27547],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,27532,135],{"class":134},[60,27534,122],{"class":74},[60,27536,1506],{"class":118},[60,27538,115],{"class":74},[60,27540,26174],{"class":118},[60,27542,122],{"class":74},[60,27544,79],{"class":78},[60,27546,446],{"class":74},[60,27548,27549],{"class":146},"  # 20\n",[20,27551,27552],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[51,27554,27556],{"className":53,"code":27555,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,27557,27558,27594],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,27559,27560,27562,27564,27566,27568,27570,27572,27574,27576,27578,27580,27582,27584,27586,27588,27590,27592],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,27561,13139],{"class":66},[60,27563,71],{"class":70},[60,27565,10426],{"class":74},[60,27567,256],{"class":255},[60,27569,7611],{"class":259},[60,27571,256],{"class":255},[60,27573,166],{"class":74},[60,27575,267],{"class":255},[60,27577,12817],{"class":259},[60,27579,256],{"class":255},[60,27581,82],{"class":74},[60,27583,267],{"class":255},[60,27585,9234],{"class":259},[60,27587,256],{"class":255},[60,27589,166],{"class":74},[60,27591,9241],{"class":78},[60,27593,9244],{"class":74},[60,27595,27596,27598,27600,27602,27604,27606,27608,27610,27612,27614,27616],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,27597,135],{"class":134},[60,27599,122],{"class":74},[60,27601,17242],{"class":118},[60,27603,115],{"class":74},[60,27605,26174],{"class":118},[60,27607,122],{"class":74},[60,27609,256],{"class":255},[60,27611,9234],{"class":259},[60,27613,256],{"class":255},[60,27615,446],{"class":74},[60,27617,27618],{"class":146},"  # 25\n",[20,27620,27621,27622,27624,27625,27627],{},"A dictionary does ",[3698,27623,4581],{}," use positions with ",[15,27626,12699],{},". It uses keys.",[553,27629,4655,27631,27633],{"id":27630},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,27632,12699],{}," changes the original dictionary",[51,27635,27637],{"className":53,"code":27636,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,27638,27639,27671,27675,27697,27701,27713],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,27640,27641,27643,27645,27647,27649,27651,27653,27655,27657,27659,27661,27663,27665,27667,27669],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,27642,1127],{"class":66},[60,27644,71],{"class":70},[60,27646,10426],{"class":74},[60,27648,256],{"class":255},[60,27650,2139],{"class":259},[60,27652,256],{"class":255},[60,27654,166],{"class":74},[60,27656,695],{"class":78},[60,27658,82],{"class":74},[60,27660,267],{"class":255},[60,27662,11682],{"class":259},[60,27664,256],{"class":255},[60,27666,166],{"class":74},[60,27668,85],{"class":78},[60,27670,9244],{"class":74},[60,27672,27673],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,27674,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,27676,27677,27679,27681,27683,27685,27687,27689,27691,27693,27695],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,27678,1690],{"class":66},[60,27680,71],{"class":70},[60,27682,1178],{"class":66},[60,27684,115],{"class":74},[60,27686,26174],{"class":118},[60,27688,122],{"class":74},[60,27690,256],{"class":255},[60,27692,2139],{"class":259},[60,27694,256],{"class":255},[60,27696,128],{"class":74},[60,27698,27699],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,27700,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,27702,27703,27705,27707,27709,27711],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,27704,135],{"class":134},[60,27706,122],{"class":74},[60,27708,221],{"class":118},[60,27710,143],{"class":74},[60,27712,647],{"class":146},[60,27714,27715,27717,27719,27721,27723],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,27716,135],{"class":134},[60,27718,122],{"class":74},[60,27720,9139],{"class":118},[60,27722,143],{"class":74},[60,27724,27725],{"class":146},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,27727,27728,27729,27731],{},"After ",[15,27730,12699],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[553,27733,8356,27735,27737],{"id":27734},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,27736,12699],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[51,27739,27741],{"className":53,"code":27740,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,27742,27743,27767,27771,27776],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,27744,27745,27747,27749,27751,27753,27755,27757,27759,27761,27763,27765],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,27746,1127],{"class":66},[60,27748,71],{"class":70},[60,27750,10426],{"class":74},[60,27752,256],{"class":255},[60,27754,7611],{"class":259},[60,27756,256],{"class":255},[60,27758,166],{"class":74},[60,27760,267],{"class":255},[60,27762,7861],{"class":259},[60,27764,256],{"class":255},[60,27766,9244],{"class":74},[60,27768,27769],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,27770,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,27772,27773],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,27774,27775],{"class":146},"# This causes an error\n",[60,27777,27778],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,27779,27780],{"class":146},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,27782,27783],{},"Safer version:",[51,27785,27787],{"className":53,"code":27786,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,27788,27789,27813,27817],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,27790,27791,27793,27795,27797,27799,27801,27803,27805,27807,27809,27811],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,27792,1127],{"class":66},[60,27794,71],{"class":70},[60,27796,10426],{"class":74},[60,27798,256],{"class":255},[60,27800,7611],{"class":259},[60,27802,256],{"class":255},[60,27804,166],{"class":74},[60,27806,267],{"class":255},[60,27808,7861],{"class":259},[60,27810,256],{"class":255},[60,27812,9244],{"class":74},[60,27814,27815],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,27816,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,27818,27819,27821,27823,27825,27827,27829,27831,27833,27835,27837,27839,27841,27843,27845,27847],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,27820,135],{"class":134},[60,27822,122],{"class":74},[60,27824,9139],{"class":118},[60,27826,115],{"class":74},[60,27828,26174],{"class":118},[60,27830,122],{"class":74},[60,27832,256],{"class":255},[60,27834,9234],{"class":259},[60,27836,256],{"class":255},[60,27838,82],{"class":74},[60,27840,267],{"class":255},[60,27842,26706],{"class":259},[60,27844,256],{"class":255},[60,27846,446],{"class":74},[60,27848,26742],{"class":146},[553,27850,1454,27852,27854],{"id":27851},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,27853,12699],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[51,27856,27858],{"className":53,"code":27857,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,27859,27860,27892,27896,27918,27922,27934],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,27861,27862,27864,27866,27868,27870,27872,27874,27876,27878,27880,27882,27884,27886,27888,27890],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,27863,1127],{"class":66},[60,27865,71],{"class":70},[60,27867,10426],{"class":74},[60,27869,256],{"class":255},[60,27871,260],{"class":259},[60,27873,256],{"class":255},[60,27875,166],{"class":74},[60,27877,695],{"class":78},[60,27879,82],{"class":74},[60,27881,267],{"class":255},[60,27883,270],{"class":259},[60,27885,256],{"class":255},[60,27887,166],{"class":74},[60,27889,85],{"class":78},[60,27891,9244],{"class":74},[60,27893,27894],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,27895,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,27897,27898,27900,27902,27904,27906,27908,27910,27912,27914,27916],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,27899,107],{"class":66},[60,27901,71],{"class":70},[60,27903,1178],{"class":66},[60,27905,115],{"class":74},[60,27907,26174],{"class":118},[60,27909,122],{"class":74},[60,27911,256],{"class":255},[60,27913,260],{"class":259},[60,27915,256],{"class":255},[60,27917,128],{"class":74},[60,27919,27920],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,27921,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,27923,27924,27926,27928,27930,27932],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,27925,135],{"class":134},[60,27927,122],{"class":74},[60,27929,140],{"class":118},[60,27931,143],{"class":74},[60,27933,647],{"class":146},[60,27935,27936,27938,27940,27942,27944],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,27937,135],{"class":134},[60,27939,122],{"class":74},[60,27941,9139],{"class":118},[60,27943,143],{"class":74},[60,27945,27946],{"class":146},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,27948,27949],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[46,27951,27953],{"id":27952},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,27955,27956,27957,27959],{},"Problems with ",[15,27958,12506],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[30,27961,27962,27965,27974,27977],{},[33,27963,27964],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[33,27966,27967,27968,27971,27972],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,27969,27970],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,27973,26270],{},[33,27975,27976],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[33,27978,27979,27980,11028,27982],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,27981,79],{},[15,27983,27984],{},"\"1\"",[20,27986,27987],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[51,27989,27991],{"className":53,"code":27990,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,27992,27993,28017,28021,28051],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,27994,27995,27997,27999,28001,28003,28005,28007,28009,28011,28013,28015],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,27996,1127],{"class":66},[60,27998,71],{"class":70},[60,28000,10426],{"class":74},[60,28002,256],{"class":255},[60,28004,79],{"class":259},[60,28006,256],{"class":255},[60,28008,166],{"class":74},[60,28010,267],{"class":255},[60,28012,6527],{"class":259},[60,28014,256],{"class":255},[60,28016,9244],{"class":74},[60,28018,28019],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,28020,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,28022,28023,28025,28027,28029,28031,28033,28035,28037,28039,28041,28044,28046,28048],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,28024,135],{"class":134},[60,28026,122],{"class":74},[60,28028,9139],{"class":118},[60,28030,115],{"class":74},[60,28032,26174],{"class":118},[60,28034,122],{"class":74},[60,28036,79],{"class":78},[60,28038,82],{"class":74},[60,28040,267],{"class":255},[60,28042,28043],{"class":259},"not found",[60,28045,256],{"class":255},[60,28047,446],{"class":74},[60,28049,28050],{"class":146},"    # not found\n",[60,28052,28053,28055,28057,28059,28061,28063,28065,28067,28069,28071,28073,28075,28077,28079,28081],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,28054,135],{"class":134},[60,28056,122],{"class":74},[60,28058,9139],{"class":118},[60,28060,115],{"class":74},[60,28062,26174],{"class":118},[60,28064,122],{"class":74},[60,28066,256],{"class":255},[60,28068,79],{"class":259},[60,28070,256],{"class":255},[60,28072,82],{"class":74},[60,28074,267],{"class":255},[60,28076,28043],{"class":259},[60,28078,256],{"class":255},[60,28080,446],{"class":74},[60,28082,28083],{"class":146},"  # one\n",[20,28085,28086,544,28088,28090],{},[15,28087,79],{},[15,28089,27984],{}," are different keys.",[46,28092,8807],{"id":8806},[20,28094,8810,28095,28097],{},[15,28096,12699],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[51,28099,28101],{"className":53,"code":28100,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,28102,28103,28113,28127,28145,28175],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,28104,28105,28107,28109,28111],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,28106,135],{"class":134},[60,28108,122],{"class":74},[60,28110,11385],{"class":118},[60,28112,128],{"class":74},[60,28114,28115,28117,28119,28121,28123,28125],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,28116,135],{"class":134},[60,28118,122],{"class":74},[60,28120,11385],{"class":118},[60,28122,115],{"class":74},[60,28124,16859],{"class":118},[60,28126,7136],{"class":74},[60,28128,28129,28131,28133,28135,28137,28139,28141,28143],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,28130,135],{"class":134},[60,28132,122],{"class":74},[60,28134,3261],{"class":255},[60,28136,7611],{"class":259},[60,28138,3261],{"class":255},[60,28140,1538],{"class":1537},[60,28142,11703],{"class":118},[60,28144,128],{"class":74},[60,28146,28147,28149,28151,28153,28155,28157,28159,28161,28163,28165,28167,28169,28171,28173],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,28148,135],{"class":134},[60,28150,122],{"class":74},[60,28152,11385],{"class":118},[60,28154,115],{"class":74},[60,28156,26174],{"class":118},[60,28158,122],{"class":74},[60,28160,3261],{"class":255},[60,28162,7611],{"class":259},[60,28164,3261],{"class":255},[60,28166,82],{"class":74},[60,28168,3256],{"class":255},[60,28170,26706],{"class":259},[60,28172,3261],{"class":255},[60,28174,315],{"class":74},[60,28176,28177,28179,28181,28183,28185,28187],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,28178,135],{"class":134},[60,28180,122],{"class":74},[60,28182,1657],{"class":1656},[60,28184,122],{"class":74},[60,28186,11385],{"class":118},[60,28188,315],{"class":74},[20,28190,21269],{},[30,28192,28193,28198,28203,28208,28214],{},[33,28194,28195,28197],{},[15,28196,12616],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[33,28199,28200,28202],{},[15,28201,21281],{}," shows all available keys",[33,28204,28205,28207],{},[15,28206,21287],{}," checks whether a key exists",[33,28209,28210,28213],{},[15,28211,28212],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[33,28215,28216,28218],{},[15,28217,12622],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,28220,28221,28222,115],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[260,28223,9327],{"href":9326},[46,28225,1773],{"id":1772},[553,28227,28229,28230,28232],{"id":28228},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,28231,12699],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,28234,28235],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[553,28237,28239],{"id":28238},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,28241,28242,26471,28244,28246,28247,28249],{},[15,28243,26270],{},[15,28245,19621],{},". ",[15,28248,26274],{}," returns the default value instead.",[553,28251,1777,28253,14831],{"id":28252},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,28254,12699],{},[20,28256,28257],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[553,28259,28261,28262,28264],{"id":28260},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[15,28263,12699],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,28266,28267,28268,28270,28271,115],{},"Not with ",[15,28269,12506],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[260,28272,28273],{"href":12517},[15,28274,12706],{},[553,28276,5126,28278,544,28280,1435],{"id":28277},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,28279,10676],{},[15,28281,12699],{},[20,28283,28284,28286,28287,28289],{},[15,28285,10676],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,28288,12699],{}," reads and removes it.",[46,28291,1842],{"id":1841},[30,28293,28294,28300,28307,28311,28315,28319],{},[33,28295,28296],{},[260,28297,28298],{"href":10672},[15,28299,19602],{},[33,28301,28302],{},[260,28303,28304],{"href":12517},[15,28305,28306],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[33,28308,28309],{},[260,28310,12723],{"href":12510},[33,28312,28313],{},[260,28314,21390],{"href":16532},[33,28316,28317],{},[260,28318,11198],{"href":11010},[33,28320,28321],{},[260,28322,28324],{"href":28323},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[1885,28326,28327],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":28329},[28330,28331,28333,28334,28335,28337,28344,28351,28361,28362,28363,28374],{"id":48,"depth":104,"text":49},{"id":26281,"depth":104,"text":28332},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199},{"id":17353,"depth":104,"text":17354},{"id":26766,"depth":104,"text":28336},"When to use pop()",{"id":26953,"depth":104,"text":28338,"children":28339},"pop() vs del",[28340,28342],{"id":26968,"depth":131,"text":28341},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":27071,"depth":131,"text":28343},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27174,"depth":104,"text":28345,"children":28346},"How to avoid KeyError",[28347,28348,28349],{"id":27183,"depth":131,"text":27184},{"id":27279,"depth":131,"text":27280},{"id":27387,"depth":131,"text":28350},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":4467,"depth":104,"text":4468,"children":28352},[28353,28355,28357,28359],{"id":27497,"depth":131,"text":28354},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27630,"depth":131,"text":28356},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27734,"depth":131,"text":28358},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":27851,"depth":131,"text":28360},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":27952,"depth":104,"text":27953},{"id":8806,"depth":104,"text":8807},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":28364},[28365,28367,28368,28370,28372],{"id":28228,"depth":131,"text":28366},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28238,"depth":131,"text":28239},{"id":28252,"depth":131,"text":28369},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28260,"depth":131,"text":28371},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28277,"depth":131,"text":28373},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":26102,"description":28375},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28382,"title":28306,"body":28383,"description":30321,"extension":1930,"meta":30322,"navigation":421,"path":30323,"seo":30324,"stem":30325,"__hash__":30326},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28384,"toc":30285},[28385,28390,28395,28398,28406,28416,28418,28507,28511,28560,28565,28570,28574,28590,28593,28595,28610,28612,28628,28635,28639,28645,28654,28656,28725,28729,28750,28753,28772,28775,28798,28800,28803,28918,28922,28981,28988,28992,28997,29122,29126,29176,29179,29183,29190,29192,29255,29259,29280,29283,29292,29307,29315,29322,29326,29338,29342,29353,29355,29501,29505,29564,29571,29576,29580,29585,29608,29613,29632,29636,29707,29714,29787,29796,29801,29806,29817,29820,29957,29962,29994,29999,30001,30005,30065,30068,30125,30128,30171,30173,30178,30184,30190,30193,30200,30208,30213,30216,30223,30231,30233,30282],[10,28386,11254,28388,18],{"id":28387},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,28389,12706],{},[20,28391,1947,28392,28394],{},[15,28393,12706],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,28396,28397],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[30,28399,28400,28403],{},[33,28401,28402],{},"remove an item",[33,28404,28405],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,28407,28408,28409,28411,28412,28415],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,28410,12706],{}," removes the ",[3698,28413,28414],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[46,28417,1972],{"id":1971},[51,28419,28421],{"className":53,"code":28420,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,28422,28423,28467,28483,28487,28497],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,28424,28425,28427,28429,28431,28433,28435,28437,28439,28441,28443,28445,28447,28449,28451,28453,28455,28457,28459,28461,28463,28465],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,28426,1127],{"class":66},[60,28428,71],{"class":70},[60,28430,10426],{"class":74},[60,28432,256],{"class":255},[60,28434,260],{"class":259},[60,28436,256],{"class":255},[60,28438,166],{"class":74},[60,28440,695],{"class":78},[60,28442,82],{"class":74},[60,28444,267],{"class":255},[60,28446,270],{"class":259},[60,28448,256],{"class":255},[60,28450,166],{"class":74},[60,28452,85],{"class":78},[60,28454,82],{"class":74},[60,28456,267],{"class":255},[60,28458,287],{"class":259},[60,28460,256],{"class":255},[60,28462,166],{"class":74},[60,28464,94],{"class":78},[60,28466,9244],{"class":74},[60,28468,28469,28472,28474,28476,28478,28481],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,28470,28471],{"class":66},"item ",[60,28473,71],{"class":70},[60,28475,1178],{"class":66},[60,28477,115],{"class":74},[60,28479,28480],{"class":118},"popitem",[60,28482,8579],{"class":74},[60,28484,28485],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,28486,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,28488,28489,28491,28493,28495],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,28490,135],{"class":134},[60,28492,122],{"class":74},[60,28494,1728],{"class":118},[60,28496,128],{"class":74},[60,28498,28499,28501,28503,28505],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,28500,135],{"class":134},[60,28502,122],{"class":74},[60,28504,9139],{"class":118},[60,28506,128],{"class":74},[20,28508,28509],{},[3698,28510,318],{},[51,28512,28514],{"className":53,"code":28513,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,28515,28516,28532],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,28517,28518,28520,28522,28524,28526,28528,28530],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,28519,122],{"class":74},[60,28521,3261],{"class":255},[60,28523,287],{"class":259},[60,28525,3261],{"class":255},[60,28527,82],{"class":74},[60,28529,94],{"class":78},[60,28531,128],{"class":74},[60,28533,28534,28536,28538,28540,28542,28544,28546,28548,28550,28552,28554,28556,28558],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,28535,9213],{"class":74},[60,28537,3261],{"class":255},[60,28539,260],{"class":259},[60,28541,3261],{"class":255},[60,28543,166],{"class":74},[60,28545,695],{"class":78},[60,28547,82],{"class":74},[60,28549,3256],{"class":255},[60,28551,270],{"class":259},[60,28553,3261],{"class":255},[60,28555,166],{"class":74},[60,28557,85],{"class":78},[60,28559,9244],{"class":74},[20,28561,28562,28564],{},[15,28563,12706],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[46,28566,158,28568,161],{"id":28567},"what-popitem-does",[15,28569,12706],{},[20,28571,28572,166],{},[15,28573,12706],{},[30,28575,28576,28579,28584,28587],{},[33,28577,28578],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[33,28580,28581,28582],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,28583,21588],{},[33,28585,28586],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[33,28588,28589],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,28591,28592],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[46,28594,199],{"id":198},[51,28596,28598],{"className":53,"code":28597,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28599,28600],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,28601,28602,28604,28606,28608],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,28603,15539],{"class":66},[60,28605,115],{"class":74},[60,28607,28480],{"class":118},[60,28609,8579],{"class":74},[20,28611,11394],{},[30,28613,28614,28622,28625],{},[33,28615,28616,28618,28619],{},[15,28617,12706],{}," takes ",[3698,28620,28621],{},"no arguments",[33,28623,28624],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[33,28626,28627],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,28629,28630,28631,6573],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[260,28632,28633],{"href":12503},[15,28634,12699],{},[46,28636,28638],{"id":28637},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,28640,28641,28642,28644],{},"The value returned by ",[15,28643,12706],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28646,28647,28648,28651],"ol",{},[33,28649,28650],{},"the key",[33,28652,28653],{},"the value",[20,28655,238],{},[51,28657,28659],{"className":53,"code":28658,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,28660,28661,28697,28711,28715],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,28662,28663,28665,28667,28669,28671,28673,28675,28677,28679,28681,28683,28685,28687,28689,28691,28693,28695],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,28664,13139],{"class":66},[60,28666,71],{"class":70},[60,28668,10426],{"class":74},[60,28670,256],{"class":255},[60,28672,7611],{"class":259},[60,28674,256],{"class":255},[60,28676,166],{"class":74},[60,28678,267],{"class":255},[60,28680,4952],{"class":259},[60,28682,256],{"class":255},[60,28684,82],{"class":74},[60,28686,267],{"class":255},[60,28688,9234],{"class":259},[60,28690,256],{"class":255},[60,28692,166],{"class":74},[60,28694,9241],{"class":78},[60,28696,9244],{"class":74},[60,28698,28699,28701,28703,28705,28707,28709],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,28700,107],{"class":66},[60,28702,71],{"class":70},[60,28704,13182],{"class":66},[60,28706,115],{"class":74},[60,28708,28480],{"class":118},[60,28710,8579],{"class":74},[60,28712,28713],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,28714,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,28716,28717,28719,28721,28723],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,28718,135],{"class":134},[60,28720,122],{"class":74},[60,28722,140],{"class":118},[60,28724,128],{"class":74},[20,28726,28727],{},[3698,28728,318],{},[51,28730,28732],{"className":53,"code":28731,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"('age', 25)\n",[15,28733,28734],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,28735,28736,28738,28740,28742,28744,28746,28748],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,28737,122],{"class":74},[60,28739,3261],{"class":255},[60,28741,9234],{"class":259},[60,28743,3261],{"class":255},[60,28745,82],{"class":74},[60,28747,9241],{"class":78},[60,28749,128],{"class":74},[20,28751,28752],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[51,28754,28756],{"className":53,"code":28755,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,28757,28758],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,28759,28760,28762,28764,28766,28768,28770],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,28761,107],{"class":66},[60,28763,71],{"class":70},[60,28765,13182],{"class":66},[60,28767,115],{"class":74},[60,28769,28480],{"class":118},[60,28771,8579],{"class":74},[20,28773,28774],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[51,28776,28778],{"className":53,"code":28777,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,28779,28780],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,28781,28782,28784,28786,28788,28790,28792,28794,28796],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,28783,14776],{"class":66},[60,28785,82],{"class":74},[60,28787,21517],{"class":66},[60,28789,71],{"class":70},[60,28791,13182],{"class":66},[60,28793,115],{"class":74},[60,28795,28480],{"class":118},[60,28797,8579],{"class":74},[46,28799,11411],{"id":11410},[20,28801,28802],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[51,28804,28806],{"className":53,"code":28805,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,28807,28808,28856,28860,28875,28879,28899],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,28809,28810,28812,28814,28816,28818,28821,28823,28825,28827,28829,28831,28833,28835,28837,28840,28842,28844,28847,28849,28851,28854],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,28811,5011],{"class":66},[60,28813,71],{"class":70},[60,28815,10426],{"class":74},[60,28817,256],{"class":255},[60,28819,28820],{"class":259},"Tom",[60,28822,256],{"class":255},[60,28824,166],{"class":74},[60,28826,5023],{"class":78},[60,28828,82],{"class":74},[60,28830,267],{"class":255},[60,28832,12817],{"class":259},[60,28834,256],{"class":255},[60,28836,166],{"class":74},[60,28838,28839],{"class":78}," 95",[60,28841,82],{"class":74},[60,28843,267],{"class":255},[60,28845,28846],{"class":259},"Leo",[60,28848,256],{"class":255},[60,28850,166],{"class":74},[60,28852,28853],{"class":78}," 88",[60,28855,9244],{"class":74},[60,28857,28858],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,28859,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,28861,28862,28865,28867,28869,28871,28873],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,28863,28864],{"class":66},"removed_pair ",[60,28866,71],{"class":70},[60,28868,5058],{"class":66},[60,28870,115],{"class":74},[60,28872,28480],{"class":118},[60,28874,8579],{"class":74},[60,28876,28877],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,28878,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,28880,28881,28883,28885,28887,28890,28892,28894,28897],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,28882,135],{"class":134},[60,28884,122],{"class":74},[60,28886,256],{"class":255},[60,28888,28889],{"class":259},"Removed:",[60,28891,256],{"class":255},[60,28893,82],{"class":74},[60,28895,28896],{"class":118}," removed_pair",[60,28898,128],{"class":74},[60,28900,28901,28903,28905,28907,28910,28912,28914,28916],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,28902,135],{"class":134},[60,28904,122],{"class":74},[60,28906,256],{"class":255},[60,28908,28909],{"class":259},"After removal:",[60,28911,256],{"class":255},[60,28913,82],{"class":74},[60,28915,5058],{"class":118},[60,28917,128],{"class":74},[20,28919,28920],{},[3698,28921,318],{},[51,28923,28925],{"className":53,"code":28924,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,28926,28927,28948],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,28928,28929,28932,28934,28936,28938,28940,28942,28944,28946],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,28930,28931],{"class":66},"Removed",[60,28933,166],{"class":74},[60,28935,9171],{"class":74},[60,28937,3261],{"class":255},[60,28939,28846],{"class":259},[60,28941,3261],{"class":255},[60,28943,82],{"class":74},[60,28945,28853],{"class":78},[60,28947,128],{"class":74},[60,28949,28950,28953,28955,28957,28959,28961,28963,28965,28967,28969,28971,28973,28975,28977,28979],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,28951,28952],{"class":66},"After removal",[60,28954,166],{"class":74},[60,28956,10426],{"class":74},[60,28958,3261],{"class":255},[60,28960,28820],{"class":259},[60,28962,3261],{"class":255},[60,28964,166],{"class":74},[60,28966,5023],{"class":78},[60,28968,82],{"class":74},[60,28970,3256],{"class":255},[60,28972,12817],{"class":259},[60,28974,3261],{"class":255},[60,28976,166],{"class":74},[60,28978,28839],{"class":78},[60,28980,9244],{"class":74},[20,28982,28983,28984,28987],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,28985,28986],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[46,28989,28991],{"id":28990},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,28993,1438,28994,28996],{},[15,28995,12706],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[51,28998,29000],{"className":53,"code":28999,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,29001,29002,29038,29042,29061,29065,29084,29103],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,29003,29004,29006,29008,29010,29012,29014,29016,29018,29020,29022,29024,29026,29028,29030,29032,29034,29036],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,29005,15382],{"class":66},[60,29007,71],{"class":70},[60,29009,10426],{"class":74},[60,29011,256],{"class":255},[60,29013,15393],{"class":259},[60,29015,256],{"class":255},[60,29017,166],{"class":74},[60,29019,267],{"class":255},[60,29021,15402],{"class":259},[60,29023,256],{"class":255},[60,29025,82],{"class":74},[60,29027,267],{"class":255},[60,29029,15413],{"class":259},[60,29031,256],{"class":255},[60,29033,166],{"class":74},[60,29035,26840],{"class":78},[60,29037,9244],{"class":74},[60,29039,29040],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,29041,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,29043,29044,29046,29048,29050,29052,29055,29057,29059],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,29045,14776],{"class":66},[60,29047,82],{"class":74},[60,29049,21517],{"class":66},[60,29051,71],{"class":70},[60,29053,29054],{"class":66}," book",[60,29056,115],{"class":74},[60,29058,28480],{"class":118},[60,29060,8579],{"class":74},[60,29062,29063],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,29064,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,29066,29067,29069,29071,29073,29076,29078,29080,29082],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,29068,135],{"class":134},[60,29070,122],{"class":74},[60,29072,256],{"class":255},[60,29074,29075],{"class":259},"Key:",[60,29077,256],{"class":255},[60,29079,82],{"class":74},[60,29081,21512],{"class":118},[60,29083,128],{"class":74},[60,29085,29086,29088,29090,29092,29095,29097,29099,29101],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,29087,135],{"class":134},[60,29089,122],{"class":74},[60,29091,256],{"class":255},[60,29093,29094],{"class":259},"Value:",[60,29096,256],{"class":255},[60,29098,82],{"class":74},[60,29100,8372],{"class":118},[60,29102,128],{"class":74},[60,29104,29105,29107,29109,29111,29114,29116,29118,29120],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,29106,135],{"class":134},[60,29108,122],{"class":74},[60,29110,256],{"class":255},[60,29112,29113],{"class":259},"Dictionary:",[60,29115,256],{"class":255},[60,29117,82],{"class":74},[60,29119,29054],{"class":118},[60,29121,128],{"class":74},[20,29123,29124],{},[3698,29125,318],{},[51,29127,29129],{"className":53,"code":29128,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,29130,29131,29141,29151],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,29132,29133,29136,29138],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,29134,29135],{"class":66},"Key",[60,29137,166],{"class":74},[60,29139,29140],{"class":66}," pages\n",[60,29142,29143,29146,29148],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,29144,29145],{"class":66},"Value",[60,29147,166],{"class":74},[60,29149,29150],{"class":78}," 200\n",[60,29152,29153,29156,29158,29160,29162,29164,29166,29168,29170,29172,29174],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,29154,29155],{"class":66},"Dictionary",[60,29157,166],{"class":74},[60,29159,10426],{"class":74},[60,29161,3261],{"class":255},[60,29163,15393],{"class":259},[60,29165,3261],{"class":255},[60,29167,166],{"class":74},[60,29169,3256],{"class":255},[60,29171,15402],{"class":259},[60,29173,3261],{"class":255},[60,29175,9244],{"class":74},[20,29177,29178],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[46,29180,29182],{"id":29181},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,29184,29185,29186,28411,29188,115],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,29187,12706],{},[3698,29189,28414],{},[20,29191,238],{},[51,29193,29195],{"className":53,"code":29194,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,29196,29197,29241],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,29198,29199,29201,29203,29205,29207,29209,29211,29213,29215,29217,29219,29221,29223,29225,29227,29229,29231,29233,29235,29237,29239],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,29200,1127],{"class":66},[60,29202,71],{"class":70},[60,29204,10426],{"class":74},[60,29206,256],{"class":255},[60,29208,2139],{"class":259},[60,29210,256],{"class":255},[60,29212,166],{"class":74},[60,29214,695],{"class":78},[60,29216,82],{"class":74},[60,29218,267],{"class":255},[60,29220,11682],{"class":259},[60,29222,256],{"class":255},[60,29224,166],{"class":74},[60,29226,85],{"class":78},[60,29228,82],{"class":74},[60,29230,267],{"class":255},[60,29232,22010],{"class":259},[60,29234,256],{"class":255},[60,29236,166],{"class":74},[60,29238,94],{"class":78},[60,29240,9244],{"class":74},[60,29242,29243,29245,29247,29249,29251,29253],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,29244,135],{"class":134},[60,29246,122],{"class":74},[60,29248,9139],{"class":118},[60,29250,115],{"class":74},[60,29252,28480],{"class":118},[60,29254,7136],{"class":74},[20,29256,29257],{},[3698,29258,318],{},[51,29260,29262],{"className":53,"code":29261,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"('z', 3)\n",[15,29263,29264],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,29265,29266,29268,29270,29272,29274,29276,29278],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,29267,122],{"class":74},[60,29269,3261],{"class":255},[60,29271,22010],{"class":259},[60,29273,3261],{"class":255},[60,29275,82],{"class":74},[60,29277,94],{"class":78},[60,29279,128],{"class":74},[20,29281,29282],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,29284,29285,29286,29288,29289,29291],{},"As a beginner, do ",[3698,29287,4581],{}," think of ",[15,29290,12706],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,29293,29294,29295,2154,29299,17007,29303,115],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[260,29296,29297],{"href":17010},[15,29298,17013],{},[260,29300,29301],{"href":16997},[15,29302,17000],{},[260,29304,29305],{"href":17003},[15,29306,17006],{},[46,29308,29310,29311,544,29313],{"id":29309},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,29312,12706],{},[15,29314,12699],{},[20,29316,29317,544,29319,29321],{},[15,29318,12706],{},[15,29320,12699],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[553,29323,29324],{"id":28480},[15,29325,12706],{},[30,29327,29328,29331,29334],{},[33,29329,29330],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[33,29332,29333],{},"does not need a key argument",[33,29335,3646,29336],{},[15,29337,21588],{},[553,29339,29340],{"id":26174},[15,29341,12699],{},[30,29343,29344,29347,29350],{},[33,29345,29346],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[33,29348,29349],{},"needs the key name",[33,29351,29352],{},"returns only the value",[20,29354,238],{},[51,29356,29358],{"className":53,"code":29357,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,29359,29360,29404,29408,29422,29442,29446,29468,29487,29491],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,29361,29362,29364,29366,29368,29370,29372,29374,29376,29378,29380,29382,29384,29386,29388,29390,29392,29394,29396,29398,29400,29402],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,29363,1127],{"class":66},[60,29365,71],{"class":70},[60,29367,10426],{"class":74},[60,29369,256],{"class":255},[60,29371,260],{"class":259},[60,29373,256],{"class":255},[60,29375,166],{"class":74},[60,29377,695],{"class":78},[60,29379,82],{"class":74},[60,29381,267],{"class":255},[60,29383,270],{"class":259},[60,29385,256],{"class":255},[60,29387,166],{"class":74},[60,29389,85],{"class":78},[60,29391,82],{"class":74},[60,29393,267],{"class":255},[60,29395,287],{"class":259},[60,29397,256],{"class":255},[60,29399,166],{"class":74},[60,29401,94],{"class":78},[60,29403,9244],{"class":74},[60,29405,29406],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,29407,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,29409,29410,29412,29414,29416,29418,29420],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,29411,28471],{"class":66},[60,29413,71],{"class":70},[60,29415,1178],{"class":66},[60,29417,115],{"class":74},[60,29419,28480],{"class":118},[60,29421,8579],{"class":74},[60,29423,29424,29426,29428,29430,29433,29435,29437,29440],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,29425,135],{"class":134},[60,29427,122],{"class":74},[60,29429,256],{"class":255},[60,29431,29432],{"class":259},"popitem():",[60,29434,256],{"class":255},[60,29436,82],{"class":74},[60,29438,29439],{"class":118}," item",[60,29441,128],{"class":74},[60,29443,29444],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,29445,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,29447,29448,29450,29452,29454,29456,29458,29460,29462,29464,29466],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,29449,1690],{"class":66},[60,29451,71],{"class":70},[60,29453,1178],{"class":66},[60,29455,115],{"class":74},[60,29457,26174],{"class":118},[60,29459,122],{"class":74},[60,29461,256],{"class":255},[60,29463,260],{"class":259},[60,29465,256],{"class":255},[60,29467,128],{"class":74},[60,29469,29470,29472,29474,29476,29479,29481,29483,29485],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,29471,135],{"class":134},[60,29473,122],{"class":74},[60,29475,256],{"class":255},[60,29477,29478],{"class":259},"pop('a'):",[60,29480,256],{"class":255},[60,29482,82],{"class":74},[60,29484,8372],{"class":118},[60,29486,128],{"class":74},[60,29488,29489],{"class":62,"line":6367},[60,29490,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,29492,29493,29495,29497,29499],{"class":62,"line":6373},[60,29494,135],{"class":134},[60,29496,122],{"class":74},[60,29498,9139],{"class":118},[60,29500,128],{"class":74},[20,29502,29503],{},[3698,29504,318],{},[51,29506,29508],{"className":53,"code":29507,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,29509,29510,29531,29548],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,29511,29512,29514,29517,29519,29521,29523,29525,29527,29529],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,29513,28480],{"class":118},[60,29515,29516],{"class":74},"():",[60,29518,9171],{"class":74},[60,29520,3261],{"class":255},[60,29522,287],{"class":259},[60,29524,3261],{"class":255},[60,29526,82],{"class":74},[60,29528,94],{"class":78},[60,29530,128],{"class":74},[60,29532,29533,29535,29537,29539,29541,29543,29545],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,29534,26174],{"class":118},[60,29536,122],{"class":74},[60,29538,3261],{"class":255},[60,29540,260],{"class":259},[60,29542,3261],{"class":255},[60,29544,16387],{"class":74},[60,29546,29547],{"class":78}," 1\n",[60,29549,29550,29552,29554,29556,29558,29560,29562],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,29551,9213],{"class":74},[60,29553,3261],{"class":255},[60,29555,270],{"class":259},[60,29557,3261],{"class":255},[60,29559,166],{"class":74},[60,29561,85],{"class":78},[60,29563,9244],{"class":74},[20,29565,150,29566,29570],{},[260,29567,29568],{"href":12503},[15,29569,12699],{}," when you know the key.",[20,29572,150,29573,29575],{},[15,29574,12706],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[46,29577,29579],{"id":29578},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,29581,1626,29582,29584],{},[15,29583,12706],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[51,29586,29588],{"className":53,"code":29587,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29589,29590,29598],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,29591,29592,29594,29596],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,29593,1127],{"class":66},[60,29595,71],{"class":70},[60,29597,9773],{"class":74},[60,29599,29600,29602,29604,29606],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,29601,9139],{"class":66},[60,29603,115],{"class":74},[60,29605,28480],{"class":118},[60,29607,8579],{"class":74},[20,29609,29610],{},[3698,29611,29612],{},"Error:",[51,29614,29616],{"className":53,"code":29615,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,29617,29618],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,29619,29620,29622,29624,29626,29629],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,29621,19621],{"class":1656},[60,29623,166],{"class":74},[60,29625,3256],{"class":255},[60,29627,29628],{"class":259},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[60,29630,29631],{"class":255},"'\n",[553,29633,29635],{"id":29634},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[51,29637,29639],{"className":53,"code":29638,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,29640,29641,29649,29653,29661,29676,29686,29692],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,29642,29643,29645,29647],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,29644,1127],{"class":66},[60,29646,71],{"class":70},[60,29648,9773],{"class":74},[60,29650,29651],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,29652,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,29654,29655,29657,29659],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,29656,6939],{"class":1537},[60,29658,1178],{"class":66},[60,29660,1712],{"class":74},[60,29662,29663,29666,29668,29670,29672,29674],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,29664,29665],{"class":66},"    item ",[60,29667,71],{"class":70},[60,29669,1178],{"class":66},[60,29671,115],{"class":74},[60,29673,28480],{"class":118},[60,29675,8579],{"class":74},[60,29677,29678,29680,29682,29684],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,29679,1718],{"class":134},[60,29681,122],{"class":74},[60,29683,1728],{"class":118},[60,29685,128],{"class":74},[60,29687,29688,29690],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,29689,27367],{"class":1537},[60,29691,1712],{"class":74},[60,29693,29694,29696,29698,29700,29703,29705],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,29695,1718],{"class":134},[60,29697,122],{"class":74},[60,29699,256],{"class":255},[60,29701,29702],{"class":259},"Dictionary is empty",[60,29704,256],{"class":255},[60,29706,128],{"class":74},[553,29708,29710,29711],{"id":29709},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,29712,29713],{},"try-except",[51,29715,29717],{"className":53,"code":29716,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,29718,29719,29727,29731,29738,29752,29762,29772],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,29720,29721,29723,29725],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,29722,1127],{"class":66},[60,29724,71],{"class":70},[60,29726,9773],{"class":74},[60,29728,29729],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,29730,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,29732,29733,29736],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,29734,29735],{"class":1537},"try",[60,29737,1712],{"class":74},[60,29739,29740,29742,29744,29746,29748,29750],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,29741,29665],{"class":66},[60,29743,71],{"class":70},[60,29745,1178],{"class":66},[60,29747,115],{"class":74},[60,29749,28480],{"class":118},[60,29751,8579],{"class":74},[60,29753,29754,29756,29758,29760],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,29755,1718],{"class":134},[60,29757,122],{"class":74},[60,29759,1728],{"class":118},[60,29761,128],{"class":74},[60,29763,29764,29767,29770],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,29765,29766],{"class":1537},"except",[60,29768,29769],{"class":1656}," KeyError",[60,29771,1712],{"class":74},[60,29773,29774,29776,29778,29780,29783,29785],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,29775,1718],{"class":134},[60,29777,122],{"class":74},[60,29779,256],{"class":255},[60,29781,29782],{"class":259},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[60,29784,256],{"class":255},[60,29786,128],{"class":74},[20,29788,29789,29790,115],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[260,29791,25612,29793],{"href":29792},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,29794,29795],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[46,29797,1221,29799],{"id":29798},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,29800,12706],{},[20,29802,29803,29805],{},[15,29804,12706],{}," is useful when:",[30,29807,29808,29811,29814],{},[33,29809,29810],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[33,29812,29813],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[33,29815,29816],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,29818,29819],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[51,29821,29823],{"className":53,"code":29822,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,29824,29825,29834,29854,29874,29892,29896,29900,29910,29929],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,29826,29827,29830,29832],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,29828,29829],{"class":66},"tasks ",[60,29831,71],{"class":70},[60,29833,11429],{"class":74},[60,29835,29836,29838,29841,29843,29845,29847,29850,29852],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,29837,11434],{"class":255},[60,29839,29840],{"class":259},"first",[60,29842,256],{"class":255},[60,29844,166],{"class":74},[60,29846,267],{"class":255},[60,29848,29849],{"class":259},"wash dishes",[60,29851,256],{"class":255},[60,29853,11450],{"class":74},[60,29855,29856,29858,29861,29863,29865,29867,29870,29872],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,29857,11434],{"class":255},[60,29859,29860],{"class":259},"second",[60,29862,256],{"class":255},[60,29864,166],{"class":74},[60,29866,267],{"class":255},[60,29868,29869],{"class":259},"do homework",[60,29871,256],{"class":255},[60,29873,11450],{"class":74},[60,29875,29876,29878,29881,29883,29885,29887,29890],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,29877,11434],{"class":255},[60,29879,29880],{"class":259},"third",[60,29882,256],{"class":255},[60,29884,166],{"class":74},[60,29886,267],{"class":255},[60,29888,29889],{"class":259},"read book",[60,29891,3320],{"class":255},[60,29893,29894],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,29895,9244],{"class":74},[60,29897,29898],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,29899,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,29901,29902,29905,29908],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,29903,29904],{"class":1537},"while",[60,29906,29907],{"class":66}," tasks",[60,29909,1712],{"class":74},[60,29911,29912,29915,29917,29919,29921,29923,29925,29927],{"class":62,"line":6367},[60,29913,29914],{"class":66},"    key",[60,29916,82],{"class":74},[60,29918,21517],{"class":66},[60,29920,71],{"class":70},[60,29922,29907],{"class":66},[60,29924,115],{"class":74},[60,29926,28480],{"class":118},[60,29928,8579],{"class":74},[60,29930,29931,29933,29935,29937,29939,29941,29943,29945,29947,29949,29951,29953,29955],{"class":62,"line":6373},[60,29932,1718],{"class":134},[60,29934,122],{"class":74},[60,29936,22227],{"class":2033},[60,29938,256],{"class":259},[60,29940,9213],{"class":78},[60,29942,14776],{"class":118},[60,29944,22236],{"class":78},[60,29946,22239],{"class":259},[60,29948,9213],{"class":78},[60,29950,221],{"class":118},[60,29952,22236],{"class":78},[60,29954,256],{"class":259},[60,29956,128],{"class":74},[20,29958,29959],{},[3698,29960,29961],{},"Possible output:",[51,29963,29965],{"className":53,"code":29964,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,29966,29967,29976,29985],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,29968,29969,29971,29973],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,29970,29880],{"class":66},[60,29972,166],{"class":74},[60,29974,29975],{"class":66}," read book\n",[60,29977,29978,29980,29982],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,29979,29860],{"class":66},[60,29981,166],{"class":74},[60,29983,29984],{"class":66}," do homework\n",[60,29986,29987,29989,29991],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,29988,29840],{"class":66},[60,29990,166],{"class":74},[60,29992,29993],{"class":66}," wash dishes\n",[20,29995,1438,29996,29998],{},[15,29997,12706],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[46,30000,1351],{"id":1350},[20,30002,14668,30003,166],{},[15,30004,12706],{},[30,30006,30007,30021,30040,30051],{},[33,30008,30009,30014],{},[3698,30010,1626,30011,30013],{},[15,30012,12706],{}," on an empty dictionary",[30,30015,30016],{},[33,30017,30018,30019,115],{},"This raises ",[15,30020,19621],{},[33,30022,30023,30028],{},[3698,30024,1454,30025,30027],{},[15,30026,12706],{}," to remove a specific key",[30,30029,30030,30033],{},[33,30031,30032],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[33,30034,150,30035,30039],{},[260,30036,30037],{"href":12503},[15,30038,12699],{}," if you need that.",[33,30041,30042,30046],{},[3698,30043,4655,30044,27633],{},[15,30045,12706],{},[30,30047,30048],{},[33,30049,30050],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[33,30052,30053,30056],{},[3698,30054,30055],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[30,30057,30058],{},[33,30059,30060,21908,30062,30064],{},[15,30061,12706],{},[15,30063,21588],{}," tuple.",[20,30066,30067],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[51,30069,30071],{"className":53,"code":30070,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,30072,30073,30083,30097,30101,30115],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,30074,30075,30077,30079,30081],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,30076,135],{"class":134},[60,30078,122],{"class":74},[60,30080,11385],{"class":118},[60,30082,128],{"class":74},[60,30084,30085,30087,30089,30091,30093,30095],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,30086,135],{"class":134},[60,30088,122],{"class":74},[60,30090,11097],{"class":134},[60,30092,122],{"class":74},[60,30094,11385],{"class":118},[60,30096,315],{"class":74},[60,30098,30099],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,30100,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,30102,30103,30105,30107,30109,30111,30113],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,30104,28471],{"class":66},[60,30106,71],{"class":70},[60,30108,11703],{"class":66},[60,30110,115],{"class":74},[60,30112,28480],{"class":118},[60,30114,8579],{"class":74},[60,30116,30117,30119,30121,30123],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,30118,135],{"class":134},[60,30120,122],{"class":74},[60,30122,1728],{"class":118},[60,30124,128],{"class":74},[20,30126,30127],{},"Or with unpacking:",[51,30129,30131],{"className":53,"code":30130,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,30132,30133,30151,30161],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,30134,30135,30137,30139,30141,30143,30145,30147,30149],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,30136,14776],{"class":66},[60,30138,82],{"class":74},[60,30140,21517],{"class":66},[60,30142,71],{"class":70},[60,30144,11703],{"class":66},[60,30146,115],{"class":74},[60,30148,28480],{"class":118},[60,30150,8579],{"class":74},[60,30152,30153,30155,30157,30159],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,30154,135],{"class":134},[60,30156,122],{"class":74},[60,30158,14776],{"class":118},[60,30160,128],{"class":74},[60,30162,30163,30165,30167,30169],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,30164,135],{"class":134},[60,30166,122],{"class":74},[60,30168,221],{"class":118},[60,30170,128],{"class":74},[46,30172,1773],{"id":1772},[553,30174,5090,30176,5093],{"id":30175},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,30177,12706],{},[20,30179,30180,30181,115],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,30182,30183],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[553,30185,1777,30187,30189],{"id":30186},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,30188,12706],{}," remove the last item?",[20,30191,30192],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[553,30194,30196,30197,30199],{"id":30195},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,30198,12706],{}," removes?",[20,30201,30202,30203,30207],{},"No. Use ",[260,30204,30205],{"href":12503},[15,30206,12699],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[553,30209,1777,30211,14831],{"id":30210},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,30212,12706],{},[20,30214,30215],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[553,30217,30219,30220,30222],{"id":30218},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,30221,12706],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,30224,30225,30226,30228,30229,115],{},"It raises ",[15,30227,19621],{}," with the message ",[15,30230,29628],{},[46,30232,1842],{"id":1841},[30,30234,30235,30242,30248,30254,30260,30267,30271,30275],{},[33,30236,30237],{},[260,30238,30239,30241],{"href":12503},[15,30240,12699],{}," method for dictionaries",[33,30243,30244],{},[260,30245,30246,30241],{"href":17010},[15,30247,17013],{},[33,30249,30250],{},[260,30251,30252,30241],{"href":16997},[15,30253,17000],{},[33,30255,30256],{},[260,30257,30258,30241],{"href":17003},[15,30259,17006],{},[33,30261,30262],{},[260,30263,30265,30241],{"href":30264},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,30266,11257],{},[33,30268,30269],{},[260,30270,12723],{"href":12510},[33,30272,30273],{},[260,30274,21390],{"href":16532},[33,30276,30277],{},[260,30278,30279,30280],{"href":29792},"Fix ",[15,30281,29795],{},[1885,30283,30284],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":30286},[30287,30288,30290,30291,30292,30293,30294,30295,30300,30305,30307,30308,30320],{"id":1971,"depth":104,"text":1972},{"id":28567,"depth":104,"text":30289},"What popitem() does",{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199},{"id":28637,"depth":104,"text":28638},{"id":11410,"depth":104,"text":11411},{"id":28990,"depth":104,"text":28991},{"id":29181,"depth":104,"text":29182},{"id":29309,"depth":104,"text":30296,"children":30297},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30298,30299],{"id":28480,"depth":131,"text":12706},{"id":26174,"depth":131,"text":12699},{"id":29578,"depth":104,"text":29579,"children":30301},[30302,30303],{"id":29634,"depth":131,"text":29635},{"id":29709,"depth":131,"text":30304},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":29798,"depth":104,"text":30306},"When to use popitem()",{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":30309},[30310,30312,30314,30316,30318],{"id":30175,"depth":131,"text":30311},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30186,"depth":131,"text":30313},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30195,"depth":131,"text":30315},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30210,"depth":131,"text":30317},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30218,"depth":131,"text":30319},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28306,"description":30321},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30328,"title":30329,"body":30330,"description":32233,"extension":1930,"meta":32234,"navigation":421,"path":13968,"seo":32235,"stem":32236,"__hash__":32237},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30331,"toc":32205},[30332,30337,30342,30345,30347,30444,30449,30454,30459,30462,30470,30473,30488,30490,30590,30592,30649,30653,30655,30658,30678,30683,30694,30697,30724,30727,30729,30786,30788,30809,30815,30820,30823,30834,30836,30944,30946,30999,31001,31013,31020,31026,31031,31034,31122,31124,31169,31172,31180,31183,31186,31255,31258,31261,31265,31268,31339,31341,31394,31397,31400,31403,31418,31421,31433,31436,31499,31501,31507,31509,31511,31590,31592,31633,31635,31700,31702,31739,31744,31749,31753,31767,31770,31893,31895,31980,31985,31987,31991,32013,32016,32096,32099,32118,32123,32125,32131,32136,32142,32145,32151,32154,32160,32165,32171,32177,32179,32202],[10,30333,11254,30335,18],{"id":30334},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,30336,14888],{},[20,30338,1947,30339,30341],{},[15,30340,14888],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,30343,30344],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[46,30346,1972],{"id":1971},[51,30348,30350],{"className":53,"code":30349,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,30351,30352,30388,30429,30439],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,30353,30354,30356,30358,30360,30362,30364,30366,30368,30370,30372,30374,30376,30378,30380,30382,30384,30386],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,30355,13139],{"class":66},[60,30357,71],{"class":70},[60,30359,10426],{"class":74},[60,30361,256],{"class":255},[60,30363,7611],{"class":259},[60,30365,256],{"class":255},[60,30367,166],{"class":74},[60,30369,267],{"class":255},[60,30371,12817],{"class":259},[60,30373,256],{"class":255},[60,30375,82],{"class":74},[60,30377,267],{"class":255},[60,30379,9234],{"class":259},[60,30381,256],{"class":255},[60,30383,166],{"class":74},[60,30385,878],{"class":78},[60,30387,9244],{"class":74},[60,30389,30390,30392,30394,30397,30399,30401,30403,30405,30407,30410,30412,30414,30416,30418,30420,30422,30424,30426],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,30391,17242],{"class":66},[60,30393,115],{"class":74},[60,30395,30396],{"class":118},"update",[60,30398,5475],{"class":74},[60,30400,256],{"class":255},[60,30402,9234],{"class":259},[60,30404,256],{"class":255},[60,30406,166],{"class":74},[60,30408,30409],{"class":78}," 21",[60,30411,82],{"class":74},[60,30413,267],{"class":255},[60,30415,10344],{"class":259},[60,30417,256],{"class":255},[60,30419,166],{"class":74},[60,30421,267],{"class":255},[60,30423,15966],{"class":259},[60,30425,256],{"class":255},[60,30427,30428],{"class":74},"})\n",[60,30430,30431,30433,30435,30437],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,30432,135],{"class":134},[60,30434,122],{"class":74},[60,30436,17242],{"class":118},[60,30438,128],{"class":74},[60,30440,30441],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,30442,30443],{"class":146},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,30445,150,30446,30448],{},[15,30447,14888],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[46,30450,158,30452,161],{"id":30451},"what-update-does",[15,30453,14888],{},[20,30455,30456,30458],{},[15,30457,14888],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,30460,30461],{},"It can do two main things:",[30,30463,30464,30467],{},[33,30465,30466],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[33,30468,30469],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,30471,30472],{},"Important things to know:",[30,30474,30475,30478,30481,30485],{},[33,30476,30477],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[33,30479,30480],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[33,30482,5096,30483],{},[15,30484,3734],{},[33,30486,30487],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,30489,238],{},[51,30491,30493],{"className":53,"code":30492,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,30494,30495,30537,30580],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,30496,30497,30499,30501,30503,30505,30507,30509,30511,30513,30516,30518,30520,30522,30524,30526,30528,30530,30533,30535],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,30498,12800],{"class":66},[60,30500,71],{"class":70},[60,30502,10426],{"class":74},[60,30504,256],{"class":255},[60,30506,7611],{"class":259},[60,30508,256],{"class":255},[60,30510,166],{"class":74},[60,30512,267],{"class":255},[60,30514,30515],{"class":259},"Mira",[60,30517,256],{"class":255},[60,30519,82],{"class":74},[60,30521,267],{"class":255},[60,30523,19825],{"class":259},[60,30525,256],{"class":255},[60,30527,166],{"class":74},[60,30529,267],{"class":255},[60,30531,30532],{"class":259},"B",[60,30534,256],{"class":255},[60,30536,9244],{"class":74},[60,30538,30539,30541,30543,30545,30547,30549,30551,30553,30555,30557,30559,30561,30563,30565,30567,30569,30571,30573,30576,30578],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,30540,13561],{"class":66},[60,30542,115],{"class":74},[60,30544,30396],{"class":118},[60,30546,5475],{"class":74},[60,30548,256],{"class":255},[60,30550,19825],{"class":259},[60,30552,256],{"class":255},[60,30554,166],{"class":74},[60,30556,267],{"class":255},[60,30558,22178],{"class":259},[60,30560,256],{"class":255},[60,30562,82],{"class":74},[60,30564,267],{"class":255},[60,30566,10344],{"class":259},[60,30568,256],{"class":255},[60,30570,166],{"class":74},[60,30572,267],{"class":255},[60,30574,30575],{"class":259},"Quito",[60,30577,256],{"class":255},[60,30579,30428],{"class":74},[60,30581,30582,30584,30586,30588],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,30583,135],{"class":134},[60,30585,122],{"class":74},[60,30587,13561],{"class":118},[60,30589,128],{"class":74},[20,30591,318],{},[51,30593,30595],{"className":53,"code":30594,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30596,30597],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,30598,30599,30601,30603,30605,30607,30609,30611,30613,30615,30617,30619,30621,30623,30625,30627,30629,30631,30633,30635,30637,30639,30641,30643,30645,30647],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,30600,9213],{"class":74},[60,30602,3261],{"class":255},[60,30604,7611],{"class":259},[60,30606,3261],{"class":255},[60,30608,166],{"class":74},[60,30610,3256],{"class":255},[60,30612,30515],{"class":259},[60,30614,3261],{"class":255},[60,30616,82],{"class":74},[60,30618,3256],{"class":255},[60,30620,19825],{"class":259},[60,30622,3261],{"class":255},[60,30624,166],{"class":74},[60,30626,3256],{"class":255},[60,30628,22178],{"class":259},[60,30630,3261],{"class":255},[60,30632,82],{"class":74},[60,30634,3256],{"class":255},[60,30636,10344],{"class":259},[60,30638,3261],{"class":255},[60,30640,166],{"class":74},[60,30642,3256],{"class":255},[60,30644,30575],{"class":259},[60,30646,3261],{"class":255},[60,30648,9244],{"class":74},[20,30650,9087,30651,115],{},[260,30652,24560],{"href":9326},[46,30654,199],{"id":198},[20,30656,30657],{},"The basic form is:",[51,30659,30661],{"className":53,"code":30660,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,30662,30663],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,30664,30665,30667,30669,30671,30673,30676],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,30666,15539],{"class":66},[60,30668,115],{"class":74},[60,30670,30396],{"class":118},[60,30672,122],{"class":74},[60,30674,30675],{"class":118},"other",[60,30677,128],{"class":74},[20,30679,30680,30682],{},[15,30681,30675],{}," can be:",[30,30684,30685,30688,30691],{},[33,30686,30687],{},"Another dictionary",[33,30689,30690],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[33,30692,30693],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,30695,30696],{},"You can also use:",[51,30698,30700],{"className":53,"code":30699,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,30701,30702],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,30703,30704,30706,30708,30710,30712,30714,30716,30718,30720,30722],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,30705,15539],{"class":66},[60,30707,115],{"class":74},[60,30709,30396],{"class":118},[60,30711,122],{"class":74},[60,30713,7611],{"class":9110},[60,30715,71],{"class":70},[60,30717,256],{"class":255},[60,30719,1568],{"class":259},[60,30721,256],{"class":255},[60,30723,128],{"class":74},[20,30725,30726],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,30728,238],{},[51,30730,30732],{"className":53,"code":30731,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,30733,30734,30754,30776],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,30735,30736,30738,30740,30742,30744,30746,30748,30750,30752],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,30737,1127],{"class":66},[60,30739,71],{"class":70},[60,30741,10426],{"class":74},[60,30743,256],{"class":255},[60,30745,260],{"class":259},[60,30747,256],{"class":255},[60,30749,166],{"class":74},[60,30751,695],{"class":78},[60,30753,9244],{"class":74},[60,30755,30756,30758,30760,30762,30764,30766,30768,30770,30772,30774],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,30757,9139],{"class":66},[60,30759,115],{"class":74},[60,30761,30396],{"class":118},[60,30763,5475],{"class":74},[60,30765,256],{"class":255},[60,30767,260],{"class":259},[60,30769,256],{"class":255},[60,30771,166],{"class":74},[60,30773,883],{"class":78},[60,30775,30428],{"class":74},[60,30777,30778,30780,30782,30784],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,30779,135],{"class":134},[60,30781,122],{"class":74},[60,30783,9139],{"class":118},[60,30785,128],{"class":74},[20,30787,318],{},[51,30789,30791],{"className":53,"code":30790,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,30792,30793],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,30794,30795,30797,30799,30801,30803,30805,30807],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,30796,9213],{"class":74},[60,30798,3261],{"class":255},[60,30800,260],{"class":259},[60,30802,3261],{"class":255},[60,30804,166],{"class":74},[60,30806,883],{"class":78},[60,30808,9244],{"class":74},[46,30810,8356,30812,30814],{"id":30811},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,30813,14888],{}," with another dictionary",[20,30816,30817,30818,115],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,30819,14888],{},[20,30821,30822],{},"It is useful when:",[30,30824,30825,30828,30831],{},[33,30826,30827],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[33,30829,30830],{},"Adding extra settings",[33,30832,30833],{},"Updating stored data",[20,30835,238],{},[51,30837,30839],{"className":53,"code":30838,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,30840,30841,30878,30915,30919,30934],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,30842,30843,30845,30847,30849,30851,30853,30855,30857,30859,30861,30863,30865,30867,30869,30871,30873,30876],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,30844,13761],{"class":66},[60,30846,71],{"class":70},[60,30848,10426],{"class":74},[60,30850,256],{"class":255},[60,30852,12431],{"class":259},[60,30854,256],{"class":255},[60,30856,166],{"class":74},[60,30858,267],{"class":255},[60,30860,20861],{"class":259},[60,30862,256],{"class":255},[60,30864,82],{"class":74},[60,30866,267],{"class":255},[60,30868,13786],{"class":259},[60,30870,256],{"class":255},[60,30872,166],{"class":74},[60,30874,30875],{"class":78}," 12",[60,30877,9244],{"class":74},[60,30879,30880,30883,30885,30887,30889,30891,30893,30895,30897,30899,30901,30903,30905,30907,30909,30911,30913],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,30881,30882],{"class":66},"new_settings ",[60,30884,71],{"class":70},[60,30886,10426],{"class":74},[60,30888,256],{"class":255},[60,30890,13786],{"class":259},[60,30892,256],{"class":255},[60,30894,166],{"class":74},[60,30896,13793],{"class":78},[60,30898,82],{"class":74},[60,30900,267],{"class":255},[60,30902,20057],{"class":259},[60,30904,256],{"class":255},[60,30906,166],{"class":74},[60,30908,267],{"class":255},[60,30910,20091],{"class":259},[60,30912,256],{"class":255},[60,30914,9244],{"class":74},[60,30916,30917],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,30918,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,30920,30921,30923,30925,30927,30929,30932],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,30922,13820],{"class":66},[60,30924,115],{"class":74},[60,30926,30396],{"class":118},[60,30928,122],{"class":74},[60,30930,30931],{"class":118},"new_settings",[60,30933,128],{"class":74},[60,30935,30936,30938,30940,30942],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,30937,135],{"class":134},[60,30939,122],{"class":74},[60,30941,13820],{"class":118},[60,30943,128],{"class":74},[20,30945,318],{},[51,30947,30949],{"className":53,"code":30948,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,30950,30951],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,30952,30953,30955,30957,30959,30961,30963,30965,30967,30969,30971,30973,30975,30977,30979,30981,30983,30985,30987,30989,30991,30993,30995,30997],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,30954,9213],{"class":74},[60,30956,3261],{"class":255},[60,30958,12431],{"class":259},[60,30960,3261],{"class":255},[60,30962,166],{"class":74},[60,30964,3256],{"class":255},[60,30966,20861],{"class":259},[60,30968,3261],{"class":255},[60,30970,82],{"class":74},[60,30972,3256],{"class":255},[60,30974,13786],{"class":259},[60,30976,3261],{"class":255},[60,30978,166],{"class":74},[60,30980,13793],{"class":78},[60,30982,82],{"class":74},[60,30984,3256],{"class":255},[60,30986,20057],{"class":259},[60,30988,3261],{"class":255},[60,30990,166],{"class":74},[60,30992,3256],{"class":255},[60,30994,20091],{"class":259},[60,30996,3261],{"class":255},[60,30998,9244],{"class":74},[20,31000,13344],{},[30,31002,31003,31008],{},[33,31004,31005,31007],{},[15,31006,13786],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[33,31009,31010,31012],{},[15,31011,20057],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,31014,31015,31016,115],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[260,31017,31019],{"href":31018},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[46,31021,8356,31023,31025],{"id":31022},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,31024,14888],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,31027,31028,31030],{},[15,31029,14888],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,31032,31033],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[51,31035,31037],{"className":53,"code":31036,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,31038,31039,31059,31094,31098,31112],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,31040,31041,31043,31045,31047,31049,31051,31053,31055,31057],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,31042,5011],{"class":66},[60,31044,71],{"class":70},[60,31046,10426],{"class":74},[60,31048,256],{"class":255},[60,31050,18350],{"class":259},[60,31052,256],{"class":255},[60,31054,166],{"class":74},[60,31056,19832],{"class":78},[60,31058,9244],{"class":74},[60,31060,31061,31063,31065,31067,31069,31071,31073,31075,31077,31079,31081,31083,31086,31088,31090,31092],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,31062,9150],{"class":66},[60,31064,71],{"class":70},[60,31066,9155],{"class":74},[60,31068,256],{"class":255},[60,31070,18359],{"class":259},[60,31072,256],{"class":255},[60,31074,82],{"class":74},[60,31076,13442],{"class":78},[60,31078,9168],{"class":74},[60,31080,9171],{"class":74},[60,31082,256],{"class":255},[60,31084,31085],{"class":259},"english",[60,31087,256],{"class":255},[60,31089,82],{"class":74},[60,31091,28853],{"class":78},[60,31093,9184],{"class":74},[60,31095,31096],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,31097,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,31099,31100,31102,31104,31106,31108,31110],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,31101,16324],{"class":66},[60,31103,115],{"class":74},[60,31105,30396],{"class":118},[60,31107,122],{"class":74},[60,31109,9197],{"class":118},[60,31111,128],{"class":74},[60,31113,31114,31116,31118,31120],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,31115,135],{"class":134},[60,31117,122],{"class":74},[60,31119,16324],{"class":118},[60,31121,128],{"class":74},[20,31123,318],{},[51,31125,31127],{"className":53,"code":31126,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,31128,31129],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,31130,31131,31133,31135,31137,31139,31141,31143,31145,31147,31149,31151,31153,31155,31157,31159,31161,31163,31165,31167],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,31132,9213],{"class":74},[60,31134,3261],{"class":255},[60,31136,18350],{"class":259},[60,31138,3261],{"class":255},[60,31140,166],{"class":74},[60,31142,19832],{"class":78},[60,31144,82],{"class":74},[60,31146,3256],{"class":255},[60,31148,18359],{"class":259},[60,31150,3261],{"class":255},[60,31152,166],{"class":74},[60,31154,13442],{"class":78},[60,31156,82],{"class":74},[60,31158,3256],{"class":255},[60,31160,31085],{"class":259},[60,31162,3261],{"class":255},[60,31164,166],{"class":74},[60,31166,28853],{"class":78},[60,31168,9244],{"class":74},[20,31170,31171],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[30,31173,31174,31177],{},[33,31175,31176],{},"The key",[33,31178,31179],{},"The value",[20,31181,31182],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,31184,31185],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[51,31187,31189],{"className":53,"code":31188,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,31190,31191,31211,31236,31240],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,31192,31193,31195,31197,31199,31201,31203,31205,31207,31209],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,31194,1127],{"class":66},[60,31196,71],{"class":70},[60,31198,10426],{"class":74},[60,31200,256],{"class":255},[60,31202,260],{"class":259},[60,31204,256],{"class":255},[60,31206,166],{"class":74},[60,31208,695],{"class":78},[60,31210,9244],{"class":74},[60,31212,31213,31216,31218,31220,31222,31224,31226,31228,31230,31232,31234],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,31214,31215],{"class":66},"bad_pairs ",[60,31217,71],{"class":70},[60,31219,9155],{"class":74},[60,31221,256],{"class":255},[60,31223,270],{"class":259},[60,31225,256],{"class":255},[60,31227,82],{"class":74},[60,31229,85],{"class":78},[60,31231,82],{"class":74},[60,31233,94],{"class":78},[60,31235,9184],{"class":74},[60,31237,31238],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,31239,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,31241,31242,31244,31246,31248,31250,31253],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,31243,9139],{"class":66},[60,31245,115],{"class":74},[60,31247,30396],{"class":118},[60,31249,122],{"class":74},[60,31251,31252],{"class":118},"bad_pairs",[60,31254,128],{"class":74},[20,31256,31257],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,31259,31260],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[46,31262,31264],{"id":31263},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,31266,31267],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[51,31269,31271],{"className":53,"code":31270,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,31272,31273,31297,31329],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,31274,31275,31277,31279,31281,31283,31285,31287,31289,31291,31293,31295],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,31276,11424],{"class":66},[60,31278,71],{"class":70},[60,31280,10426],{"class":74},[60,31282,256],{"class":255},[60,31284,7611],{"class":259},[60,31286,256],{"class":255},[60,31288,166],{"class":74},[60,31290,267],{"class":255},[60,31292,28846],{"class":259},[60,31294,256],{"class":255},[60,31296,9244],{"class":74},[60,31298,31299,31301,31303,31305,31307,31309,31311,31313,31315,31318,31320,31322,31325,31327],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,31300,11518],{"class":66},[60,31302,115],{"class":74},[60,31304,30396],{"class":118},[60,31306,122],{"class":74},[60,31308,9234],{"class":9110},[60,31310,71],{"class":70},[60,31312,9128],{"class":78},[60,31314,82],{"class":74},[60,31316,31317],{"class":9110}," city",[60,31319,71],{"class":70},[60,31321,256],{"class":255},[60,31323,31324],{"class":259},"Madrid",[60,31326,256],{"class":255},[60,31328,128],{"class":74},[60,31330,31331,31333,31335,31337],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,31332,135],{"class":134},[60,31334,122],{"class":74},[60,31336,11518],{"class":118},[60,31338,128],{"class":74},[20,31340,318],{},[51,31342,31344],{"className":53,"code":31343,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,31345,31346],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,31347,31348,31350,31352,31354,31356,31358,31360,31362,31364,31366,31368,31370,31372,31374,31376,31378,31380,31382,31384,31386,31388,31390,31392],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,31349,9213],{"class":74},[60,31351,3261],{"class":255},[60,31353,7611],{"class":259},[60,31355,3261],{"class":255},[60,31357,166],{"class":74},[60,31359,3256],{"class":255},[60,31361,28846],{"class":259},[60,31363,3261],{"class":255},[60,31365,82],{"class":74},[60,31367,3256],{"class":255},[60,31369,9234],{"class":259},[60,31371,3261],{"class":255},[60,31373,166],{"class":74},[60,31375,9241],{"class":78},[60,31377,82],{"class":74},[60,31379,3256],{"class":255},[60,31381,10344],{"class":259},[60,31383,3261],{"class":255},[60,31385,166],{"class":74},[60,31387,3256],{"class":255},[60,31389,31324],{"class":259},[60,31391,3261],{"class":255},[60,31393,9244],{"class":74},[20,31395,31396],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,31398,31399],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,31401,31402],{},"These work:",[30,31404,31405,31409,31413],{},[33,31406,31407],{},[15,31408,9234],{},[33,31410,31411],{},[15,31412,10344],{},[33,31414,31415],{},[15,31416,31417],{},"first_name",[20,31419,31420],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[30,31422,31423,31428],{},[33,31424,31425],{},[15,31426,31427],{},"\"first name\"",[33,31429,31430],{},[15,31431,31432],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,31434,31435],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[51,31437,31439],{"className":53,"code":31438,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,31440,31441,31449,31489],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,31442,31443,31445,31447],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,31444,11424],{"class":66},[60,31446,71],{"class":70},[60,31448,9773],{"class":74},[60,31450,31451,31453,31455,31457,31459,31461,31463,31465,31467,31469,31471,31473,31475,31477,31480,31482,31484,31487],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,31452,11518],{"class":66},[60,31454,115],{"class":74},[60,31456,30396],{"class":118},[60,31458,5475],{"class":74},[60,31460,256],{"class":255},[60,31462,10448],{"class":259},[60,31464,256],{"class":255},[60,31466,166],{"class":74},[60,31468,267],{"class":255},[60,31470,28846],{"class":259},[60,31472,256],{"class":255},[60,31474,82],{"class":74},[60,31476,267],{"class":255},[60,31478,31479],{"class":259},"user-id",[60,31481,256],{"class":255},[60,31483,166],{"class":74},[60,31485,31486],{"class":78}," 1001",[60,31488,30428],{"class":74},[60,31490,31491,31493,31495,31497],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,31492,135],{"class":134},[60,31494,122],{"class":74},[60,31496,11518],{"class":118},[60,31498,128],{"class":74},[46,31500,17354],{"id":17353},[20,31502,31503,2361,31505,115],{},[15,31504,14888],{},[15,31506,3734],{},[20,31508,13984],{},[20,31510,24640],{},[51,31512,31514],{"className":53,"code":31513,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,31515,31516,31540,31566,31570,31580],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,31517,31518,31520,31522,31524,31526,31528,31530,31532,31534,31536,31538],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,31519,13139],{"class":66},[60,31521,71],{"class":70},[60,31523,10426],{"class":74},[60,31525,256],{"class":255},[60,31527,7611],{"class":259},[60,31529,256],{"class":255},[60,31531,166],{"class":74},[60,31533,267],{"class":255},[60,31535,12817],{"class":259},[60,31537,256],{"class":255},[60,31539,9244],{"class":74},[60,31541,31542,31544,31546,31548,31550,31552,31554,31556,31558,31560,31562,31564],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,31543,107],{"class":66},[60,31545,71],{"class":70},[60,31547,13182],{"class":66},[60,31549,115],{"class":74},[60,31551,30396],{"class":118},[60,31553,5475],{"class":74},[60,31555,256],{"class":255},[60,31557,9234],{"class":259},[60,31559,256],{"class":255},[60,31561,166],{"class":74},[60,31563,878],{"class":78},[60,31565,30428],{"class":74},[60,31567,31568],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,31569,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,31571,31572,31574,31576,31578],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,31573,135],{"class":134},[60,31575,122],{"class":74},[60,31577,140],{"class":118},[60,31579,128],{"class":74},[60,31581,31582,31584,31586,31588],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,31583,135],{"class":134},[60,31585,122],{"class":74},[60,31587,17242],{"class":118},[60,31589,128],{"class":74},[20,31591,318],{},[51,31593,31595],{"className":53,"code":31594,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31596,31597,31601],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,31598,31599],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,31600,11745],{"class":685},[60,31602,31603,31605,31607,31609,31611,31613,31615,31617,31619,31621,31623,31625,31627,31629,31631],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,31604,9213],{"class":74},[60,31606,3261],{"class":255},[60,31608,7611],{"class":259},[60,31610,3261],{"class":255},[60,31612,166],{"class":74},[60,31614,3256],{"class":255},[60,31616,12817],{"class":259},[60,31618,3261],{"class":255},[60,31620,82],{"class":74},[60,31622,3256],{"class":255},[60,31624,9234],{"class":259},[60,31626,3261],{"class":255},[60,31628,166],{"class":74},[60,31630,878],{"class":78},[60,31632,9244],{"class":74},[20,31634,16591],{},[51,31636,31638],{"className":53,"code":31637,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,31639,31640,31664,31686,31690],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,31641,31642,31644,31646,31648,31650,31652,31654,31656,31658,31660,31662],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,31643,13139],{"class":66},[60,31645,71],{"class":70},[60,31647,10426],{"class":74},[60,31649,256],{"class":255},[60,31651,7611],{"class":259},[60,31653,256],{"class":255},[60,31655,166],{"class":74},[60,31657,267],{"class":255},[60,31659,12817],{"class":259},[60,31661,256],{"class":255},[60,31663,9244],{"class":74},[60,31665,31666,31668,31670,31672,31674,31676,31678,31680,31682,31684],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,31667,17242],{"class":66},[60,31669,115],{"class":74},[60,31671,30396],{"class":118},[60,31673,5475],{"class":74},[60,31675,256],{"class":255},[60,31677,9234],{"class":259},[60,31679,256],{"class":255},[60,31681,166],{"class":74},[60,31683,878],{"class":78},[60,31685,30428],{"class":74},[60,31687,31688],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,31689,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,31691,31692,31694,31696,31698],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,31693,135],{"class":134},[60,31695,122],{"class":74},[60,31697,17242],{"class":118},[60,31699,128],{"class":74},[20,31701,318],{},[51,31703,31705],{"className":53,"code":31704,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31706,31707],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,31708,31709,31711,31713,31715,31717,31719,31721,31723,31725,31727,31729,31731,31733,31735,31737],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,31710,9213],{"class":74},[60,31712,3261],{"class":255},[60,31714,7611],{"class":259},[60,31716,3261],{"class":255},[60,31718,166],{"class":74},[60,31720,3256],{"class":255},[60,31722,12817],{"class":259},[60,31724,3261],{"class":255},[60,31726,82],{"class":74},[60,31728,3256],{"class":255},[60,31730,9234],{"class":259},[60,31732,3261],{"class":255},[60,31734,166],{"class":74},[60,31736,878],{"class":78},[60,31738,9244],{"class":74},[20,31740,31741,31742,115],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[260,31743,17838],{"href":10667},[46,31745,1221,31747],{"id":31746},"when-to-use-update",[15,31748,14888],{},[20,31750,150,31751,10537],{},[15,31752,14888],{},[30,31754,31755,31758,31761,31764],{},[33,31756,31757],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[33,31759,31760],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[33,31762,31763],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[33,31765,31766],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,31768,31769],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[51,31771,31773],{"className":53,"code":31772,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,31774,31775,31811,31826,31830,31869,31873,31883],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,31776,31777,31779,31781,31783,31785,31787,31789,31791,31793,31795,31797,31799,31801,31803,31805,31807,31809],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,31778,12022],{"class":66},[60,31780,71],{"class":70},[60,31782,10426],{"class":74},[60,31784,256],{"class":255},[60,31786,7611],{"class":259},[60,31788,256],{"class":255},[60,31790,166],{"class":74},[60,31792,267],{"class":255},[60,31794,12817],{"class":259},[60,31796,256],{"class":255},[60,31798,82],{"class":74},[60,31800,267],{"class":255},[60,31802,9234],{"class":259},[60,31804,256],{"class":255},[60,31806,166],{"class":74},[60,31808,878],{"class":78},[60,31810,9244],{"class":74},[60,31812,31813,31816,31818,31820,31822,31824],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,31814,31815],{"class":66},"updated ",[60,31817,71],{"class":70},[60,31819,12097],{"class":66},[60,31821,115],{"class":74},[60,31823,12848],{"class":118},[60,31825,8579],{"class":74},[60,31827,31828],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,31829,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,31831,31832,31835,31837,31839,31841,31843,31845,31847,31849,31851,31853,31855,31857,31859,31861,31863,31865,31867],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,31833,31834],{"class":66},"updated",[60,31836,115],{"class":74},[60,31838,30396],{"class":118},[60,31840,5475],{"class":74},[60,31842,256],{"class":255},[60,31844,9234],{"class":259},[60,31846,256],{"class":255},[60,31848,166],{"class":74},[60,31850,30409],{"class":78},[60,31852,82],{"class":74},[60,31854,267],{"class":255},[60,31856,10344],{"class":259},[60,31858,256],{"class":255},[60,31860,166],{"class":74},[60,31862,267],{"class":255},[60,31864,15966],{"class":259},[60,31866,256],{"class":255},[60,31868,30428],{"class":74},[60,31870,31871],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,31872,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,31874,31875,31877,31879,31881],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,31876,135],{"class":134},[60,31878,122],{"class":74},[60,31880,12069],{"class":118},[60,31882,128],{"class":74},[60,31884,31885,31887,31889,31891],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,31886,135],{"class":134},[60,31888,122],{"class":74},[60,31890,31834],{"class":118},[60,31892,128],{"class":74},[20,31894,318],{},[51,31896,31898],{"className":53,"code":31897,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,31899,31900,31932],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,31901,31902,31904,31906,31908,31910,31912,31914,31916,31918,31920,31922,31924,31926,31928,31930],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,31903,9213],{"class":74},[60,31905,3261],{"class":255},[60,31907,7611],{"class":259},[60,31909,3261],{"class":255},[60,31911,166],{"class":74},[60,31913,3256],{"class":255},[60,31915,12817],{"class":259},[60,31917,3261],{"class":255},[60,31919,82],{"class":74},[60,31921,3256],{"class":255},[60,31923,9234],{"class":259},[60,31925,3261],{"class":255},[60,31927,166],{"class":74},[60,31929,878],{"class":78},[60,31931,9244],{"class":74},[60,31933,31934,31936,31938,31940,31942,31944,31946,31948,31950,31952,31954,31956,31958,31960,31962,31964,31966,31968,31970,31972,31974,31976,31978],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,31935,9213],{"class":74},[60,31937,3261],{"class":255},[60,31939,7611],{"class":259},[60,31941,3261],{"class":255},[60,31943,166],{"class":74},[60,31945,3256],{"class":255},[60,31947,12817],{"class":259},[60,31949,3261],{"class":255},[60,31951,82],{"class":74},[60,31953,3256],{"class":255},[60,31955,9234],{"class":259},[60,31957,3261],{"class":255},[60,31959,166],{"class":74},[60,31961,30409],{"class":78},[60,31963,82],{"class":74},[60,31965,3256],{"class":255},[60,31967,10344],{"class":259},[60,31969,3261],{"class":255},[60,31971,166],{"class":74},[60,31973,3256],{"class":255},[60,31975,15966],{"class":259},[60,31977,3261],{"class":255},[60,31979,9244],{"class":74},[20,31981,31982,31983,115],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[260,31984,16533],{"href":16532},[46,31986,1351],{"id":1350},[20,31988,10683,31989,166],{},[15,31990,14888],{},[30,31992,31993,32000,32004,32007,32010],{},[33,31994,12531,31995,31997,31998],{},[15,31996,14888],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,31999,3734],{},[33,32001,1454,32002,12539],{},[15,32003,14888],{},[33,32005,32006],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[33,32008,32009],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[33,32011,32012],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,32014,32015],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[51,32017,32019],{"className":53,"code":32018,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,32020,32021,32031,32045,32059,32081],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,32022,32023,32025,32027,32029],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,32024,135],{"class":134},[60,32026,122],{"class":74},[60,32028,11385],{"class":118},[60,32030,128],{"class":74},[60,32032,32033,32035,32037,32039,32041,32043],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,32034,135],{"class":134},[60,32036,122],{"class":74},[60,32038,1657],{"class":1656},[60,32040,122],{"class":74},[60,32042,9139],{"class":118},[60,32044,315],{"class":74},[60,32046,32047,32049,32051,32053,32055,32057],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,32048,135],{"class":134},[60,32050,122],{"class":74},[60,32052,8033],{"class":1656},[60,32054,122],{"class":74},[60,32056,9139],{"class":118},[60,32058,315],{"class":74},[60,32060,32061,32063,32065,32067,32069,32071,32073,32075,32077,32079],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,32062,135],{"class":134},[60,32064,122],{"class":74},[60,32066,11385],{"class":118},[60,32068,115],{"class":74},[60,32070,19684],{"class":118},[60,32072,122],{"class":74},[60,32074,3261],{"class":255},[60,32076,14776],{"class":259},[60,32078,3261],{"class":255},[60,32080,315],{"class":74},[60,32082,32083,32086,32088,32090,32092,32094],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,32084,32085],{"class":134},"help",[60,32087,122],{"class":74},[60,32089,8756],{"class":1656},[60,32091,115],{"class":74},[60,32093,30396],{"class":24682},[60,32095,128],{"class":74},[20,32097,32098],{},"These can help you check:",[30,32100,32101,32104,32109,32112,32115],{},[33,32102,32103],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[33,32105,32106,32107],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,32108,14888],{},[33,32110,32111],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[33,32113,32114],{},"Whether a key exists",[33,32116,32117],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,32119,32120,32121,115],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[260,32122,11198],{"href":11010},[46,32124,1773],{"id":1772},[553,32126,1777,32128,32130],{"id":32127},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,32129,14888],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,32132,32133,32134,115],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,32135,3734],{},[553,32137,1777,32139,32141],{"id":32138},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,32140,14888],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,32143,32144],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[553,32146,1796,32148,32150],{"id":32147},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,32149,14888],{}," add new keys?",[20,32152,32153],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[553,32155,28261,32157,32159],{"id":32156},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,32158,14888],{}," with a list?",[20,32161,32162,32163,115],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,32164,11031],{},[553,32166,5126,32168,32170],{"id":32167},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,32169,14888],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,32172,32173,32174,32176],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,32175,14888],{}," can change many keys at once.",[46,32178,1842],{"id":1841},[30,32180,32181,32185,32189,32194,32198],{},[33,32182,32183],{},[260,32184,26028],{"href":9326},[33,32186,32187],{},[260,32188,11187],{"href":10667},[33,32190,32191],{},[260,32192,32193],{"href":31018},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[33,32195,32196],{},[260,32197,21390],{"href":16532},[33,32199,32200],{},[260,32201,11198],{"href":11010},[1885,32203,32204],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":32206},[32207,32208,32210,32211,32213,32215,32216,32217,32219,32220,32232],{"id":1971,"depth":104,"text":1972},{"id":30451,"depth":104,"text":32209},"What update() does",{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199},{"id":30811,"depth":104,"text":32212},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":31022,"depth":104,"text":32214},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31263,"depth":104,"text":31264},{"id":17353,"depth":104,"text":17354},{"id":31746,"depth":104,"text":32218},"When to use update()",{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":32221},[32222,32224,32226,32228,32230],{"id":32127,"depth":131,"text":32223},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32138,"depth":131,"text":32225},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32147,"depth":131,"text":32227},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32156,"depth":131,"text":32229},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32167,"depth":131,"text":32231},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30329,"description":32233},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32239,"title":32240,"body":32241,"description":34229,"extension":1930,"meta":34230,"navigation":421,"path":22827,"seo":34231,"stem":34232,"__hash__":34233},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32242,"toc":34192},[32243,32248,32255,32258,32260,32359,32361,32416,32421,32426,32440,32445,32447,32462,32464,32478,32491,32496,32502,32509,32511,32618,32620,32669,32675,32750,32752,32773,32775,32778,32883,32885,32940,32942,32970,32974,32979,33058,33060,33080,33082,33093,33103,33107,33112,33216,33218,33243,33246,33257,33262,33271,33274,33291,33293,33380,33382,33445,33447,33470,33472,33477,33482,33487,33489,33528,33534,33537,33556,33567,33573,33576,33649,33651,33670,33675,33678,33701,33707,33710,33774,33777,33854,33861,33864,33923,33929,33931,33950,33954,33957,34008,34011,34031,34033,34094,34096,34101,34106,34111,34116,34121,34126,34132,34135,34144,34152,34154,34189],[10,32244,11254,32246,18],{"id":32245},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,32247,17006],{},[20,32249,32250,32251,32254],{},"The Python ",[15,32252,32253],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,32256,32257],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[46,32259,1972],{"id":1971},[51,32261,32263],{"className":53,"code":32262,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,32264,32265,32317,32331,32335,32345],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,32266,32267,32269,32271,32273,32275,32277,32279,32281,32283,32285,32287,32289,32291,32293,32295,32297,32299,32301,32303,32305,32307,32309,32311,32313,32315],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,32268,12800],{"class":66},[60,32270,71],{"class":70},[60,32272,10426],{"class":74},[60,32274,256],{"class":255},[60,32276,7611],{"class":259},[60,32278,256],{"class":255},[60,32280,166],{"class":74},[60,32282,267],{"class":255},[60,32284,12817],{"class":259},[60,32286,256],{"class":255},[60,32288,82],{"class":74},[60,32290,267],{"class":255},[60,32292,9234],{"class":259},[60,32294,256],{"class":255},[60,32296,166],{"class":74},[60,32298,878],{"class":78},[60,32300,82],{"class":74},[60,32302,267],{"class":255},[60,32304,10344],{"class":259},[60,32306,256],{"class":255},[60,32308,166],{"class":74},[60,32310,267],{"class":255},[60,32312,15966],{"class":259},[60,32314,256],{"class":255},[60,32316,9244],{"class":74},[60,32318,32319,32321,32323,32325,32327,32329],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,32320,674],{"class":66},[60,32322,71],{"class":70},[60,32324,12843],{"class":66},[60,32326,115],{"class":74},[60,32328,706],{"class":118},[60,32330,8579],{"class":74},[60,32332,32333],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,32334,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,32336,32337,32339,32341,32343],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,32338,135],{"class":134},[60,32340,122],{"class":74},[60,32342,706],{"class":118},[60,32344,128],{"class":74},[60,32346,32347,32349,32351,32353,32355,32357],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,32348,135],{"class":134},[60,32350,122],{"class":74},[60,32352,8033],{"class":1656},[60,32354,122],{"class":74},[60,32356,706],{"class":118},[60,32358,315],{"class":74},[20,32360,318],{},[51,32362,32364],{"className":53,"code":32363,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,32365,32366,32392],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,32367,32368,32370,32372,32374,32376,32378,32380,32382,32384,32386,32388,32390],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,32369,16973],{"class":118},[60,32371,835],{"class":74},[60,32373,3261],{"class":255},[60,32375,12817],{"class":259},[60,32377,3261],{"class":255},[60,32379,82],{"class":74},[60,32381,878],{"class":78},[60,32383,82],{"class":74},[60,32385,3256],{"class":255},[60,32387,15966],{"class":259},[60,32389,3261],{"class":255},[60,32391,1193],{"class":74},[60,32393,32394,32396,32398,32400,32402,32404,32406,32408,32410,32412,32414],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,32395,3854],{"class":74},[60,32397,3261],{"class":255},[60,32399,12817],{"class":259},[60,32401,3261],{"class":255},[60,32403,82],{"class":74},[60,32405,878],{"class":78},[60,32407,82],{"class":74},[60,32409,3256],{"class":255},[60,32411,15966],{"class":259},[60,32413,3261],{"class":255},[60,32415,101],{"class":74},[20,32417,32418,32420],{},[15,32419,17006],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[46,32422,158,32424,161],{"id":32423},"what-values-does",[15,32425,17006],{},[30,32427,32428,32431,32434,32437],{},[33,32429,32430],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[33,32432,32433],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[33,32435,32436],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[33,32438,32439],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,32441,32442,32443,115],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[260,32444,9327],{"href":9326},[46,32446,199],{"id":198},[51,32448,32450],{"className":53,"code":32449,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,32451,32452],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,32453,32454,32456,32458,32460],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,32455,11385],{"class":66},[60,32457,115],{"class":74},[60,32459,706],{"class":118},[60,32461,8579],{"class":74},[20,32463,12989],{},[30,32465,32466,32470,32473],{},[33,32467,32468,11401],{},[15,32469,17006],{},[33,32471,32472],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[33,32474,32475,32476],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,32477,17006],{},[20,32479,32480,32481,544,32486,115],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[260,32482,32483,32485],{"href":16997},[15,32484,17000],{}," for dictionary keys",[260,32487,32488,32490],{"href":17010},[15,32489,17013],{}," for key-value pairs",[46,32492,158,32494,11642],{"id":32493},"what-values-returns",[15,32495,17006],{},[20,32497,32498,21908,32500,24696],{},[15,32499,17006],{},[15,32501,16973],{},[20,32503,32504,32505,32508],{},"This object is a ",[3698,32506,32507],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,32510,238],{},[51,32512,32514],{"className":53,"code":32513,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,32515,32516,32552,32556,32571,32582,32586,32608],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,32517,32518,32520,32522,32524,32526,32528,32530,32532,32534,32536,32538,32540,32542,32544,32546,32548,32550],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,32519,13139],{"class":66},[60,32521,71],{"class":70},[60,32523,10426],{"class":74},[60,32525,256],{"class":255},[60,32527,7611],{"class":259},[60,32529,256],{"class":255},[60,32531,166],{"class":74},[60,32533,267],{"class":255},[60,32535,7861],{"class":259},[60,32537,256],{"class":255},[60,32539,82],{"class":74},[60,32541,267],{"class":255},[60,32543,9234],{"class":259},[60,32545,256],{"class":255},[60,32547,166],{"class":74},[60,32549,9241],{"class":78},[60,32551,9244],{"class":74},[60,32553,32554],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,32555,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,32557,32558,32561,32563,32565,32567,32569],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,32559,32560],{"class":66},"values_view ",[60,32562,71],{"class":70},[60,32564,13182],{"class":66},[60,32566,115],{"class":74},[60,32568,706],{"class":118},[60,32570,8579],{"class":74},[60,32572,32573,32575,32577,32580],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,32574,135],{"class":134},[60,32576,122],{"class":74},[60,32578,32579],{"class":118},"values_view",[60,32581,128],{"class":74},[60,32583,32584],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,32585,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,32587,32588,32590,32592,32594,32596,32598,32600,32602,32604,32606],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,32589,17242],{"class":66},[60,32591,3854],{"class":74},[60,32593,256],{"class":255},[60,32595,10344],{"class":259},[60,32597,256],{"class":255},[60,32599,13208],{"class":74},[60,32601,13211],{"class":70},[60,32603,267],{"class":255},[60,32605,30575],{"class":259},[60,32607,3320],{"class":255},[60,32609,32610,32612,32614,32616],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,32611,135],{"class":134},[60,32613,122],{"class":74},[60,32615,32579],{"class":118},[60,32617,128],{"class":74},[20,32619,318],{},[51,32621,32623],{"className":53,"code":32622,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,32624,32625,32643],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,32626,32627,32629,32631,32633,32635,32637,32639,32641],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,32628,16973],{"class":118},[60,32630,835],{"class":74},[60,32632,3261],{"class":255},[60,32634,7861],{"class":259},[60,32636,3261],{"class":255},[60,32638,82],{"class":74},[60,32640,9241],{"class":78},[60,32642,1193],{"class":74},[60,32644,32645,32647,32649,32651,32653,32655,32657,32659,32661,32663,32665,32667],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,32646,16973],{"class":118},[60,32648,835],{"class":74},[60,32650,3261],{"class":255},[60,32652,7861],{"class":259},[60,32654,3261],{"class":255},[60,32656,82],{"class":74},[60,32658,9241],{"class":78},[60,32660,82],{"class":74},[60,32662,3256],{"class":255},[60,32664,30575],{"class":259},[60,32666,3261],{"class":255},[60,32668,1193],{"class":74},[20,32670,32671,32672,115],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,32673,32674],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[51,32676,32678],{"className":53,"code":32677,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,32679,32680,32716,32735,32739],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,32681,32682,32684,32686,32688,32690,32692,32694,32696,32698,32700,32702,32704,32706,32708,32710,32712,32714],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,32683,13139],{"class":66},[60,32685,71],{"class":70},[60,32687,10426],{"class":74},[60,32689,256],{"class":255},[60,32691,7611],{"class":259},[60,32693,256],{"class":255},[60,32695,166],{"class":74},[60,32697,267],{"class":255},[60,32699,7861],{"class":259},[60,32701,256],{"class":255},[60,32703,82],{"class":74},[60,32705,267],{"class":255},[60,32707,9234],{"class":259},[60,32709,256],{"class":255},[60,32711,166],{"class":74},[60,32713,9241],{"class":78},[60,32715,9244],{"class":74},[60,32717,32718,32721,32723,32725,32727,32729,32731,32733],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,32719,32720],{"class":66},"values_list ",[60,32722,71],{"class":70},[60,32724,22492],{"class":1656},[60,32726,122],{"class":74},[60,32728,17242],{"class":118},[60,32730,115],{"class":74},[60,32732,706],{"class":118},[60,32734,7136],{"class":74},[60,32736,32737],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,32738,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,32740,32741,32743,32745,32748],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,32742,135],{"class":134},[60,32744,122],{"class":74},[60,32746,32747],{"class":118},"values_list",[60,32749,128],{"class":74},[20,32751,318],{},[51,32753,32755],{"className":53,"code":32754,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,32756,32757],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,32758,32759,32761,32763,32765,32767,32769,32771],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,32760,3854],{"class":74},[60,32762,3261],{"class":255},[60,32764,7861],{"class":259},[60,32766,3261],{"class":255},[60,32768,82],{"class":74},[60,32770,9241],{"class":78},[60,32772,101],{"class":74},[46,32774,11411],{"id":11410},[20,32776,32777],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[51,32779,32781],{"className":53,"code":32780,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,32782,32783,32837,32841,32855,32859,32869],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,32784,32785,32787,32789,32791,32793,32795,32797,32799,32801,32803,32805,32807,32809,32811,32813,32815,32818,32820,32822,32825,32827,32829,32831,32833,32835],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,32786,24728],{"class":66},[60,32788,71],{"class":70},[60,32790,10426],{"class":74},[60,32792,256],{"class":255},[60,32794,24737],{"class":259},[60,32796,256],{"class":255},[60,32798,166],{"class":74},[60,32800,267],{"class":255},[60,32802,24746],{"class":259},[60,32804,256],{"class":255},[60,32806,82],{"class":74},[60,32808,267],{"class":255},[60,32810,24755],{"class":259},[60,32812,256],{"class":255},[60,32814,166],{"class":74},[60,32816,32817],{"class":78}," 2022",[60,32819,82],{"class":74},[60,32821,267],{"class":255},[60,32823,32824],{"class":259},"color",[60,32826,256],{"class":255},[60,32828,166],{"class":74},[60,32830,267],{"class":255},[60,32832,395],{"class":259},[60,32834,256],{"class":255},[60,32836,9244],{"class":74},[60,32838,32839],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,32840,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,32842,32843,32845,32847,32849,32851,32853],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,32844,107],{"class":66},[60,32846,71],{"class":70},[60,32848,24777],{"class":66},[60,32850,115],{"class":74},[60,32852,706],{"class":118},[60,32854,8579],{"class":74},[60,32856,32857],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,32858,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,32860,32861,32863,32865,32867],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,32862,135],{"class":134},[60,32864,122],{"class":74},[60,32866,140],{"class":118},[60,32868,128],{"class":74},[60,32870,32871,32873,32875,32877,32879,32881],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,32872,135],{"class":134},[60,32874,122],{"class":74},[60,32876,8033],{"class":1656},[60,32878,122],{"class":74},[60,32880,140],{"class":118},[60,32882,315],{"class":74},[20,32884,318],{},[51,32886,32888],{"className":53,"code":32887,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,32889,32890,32916],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,32891,32892,32894,32896,32898,32900,32902,32904,32906,32908,32910,32912,32914],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,32893,16973],{"class":118},[60,32895,835],{"class":74},[60,32897,3261],{"class":255},[60,32899,24746],{"class":259},[60,32901,3261],{"class":255},[60,32903,82],{"class":74},[60,32905,32817],{"class":78},[60,32907,82],{"class":74},[60,32909,3256],{"class":255},[60,32911,395],{"class":259},[60,32913,3261],{"class":255},[60,32915,1193],{"class":74},[60,32917,32918,32920,32922,32924,32926,32928,32930,32932,32934,32936,32938],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,32919,3854],{"class":74},[60,32921,3261],{"class":255},[60,32923,24746],{"class":259},[60,32925,3261],{"class":255},[60,32927,82],{"class":74},[60,32929,32817],{"class":78},[60,32931,82],{"class":74},[60,32933,3256],{"class":255},[60,32935,395],{"class":259},[60,32937,3261],{"class":255},[60,32939,101],{"class":74},[20,32941,11620],{},[30,32943,32944,32950,32956,32964],{},[33,32945,32946,32949],{},[15,32947,32948],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[33,32951,32952,32955],{},[15,32953,32954],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[33,32957,32958,32961,32962,24549],{},[15,32959,32960],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,32963,16973],{},[33,32965,32966,32969],{},[15,32967,32968],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[46,32971,32973],{"id":32972},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,32975,32976,32977,25997],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,32978,1702],{},[51,32980,32982],{"className":53,"code":32981,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,32983,32984,33028,33032,33048],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,32985,32986,32988,32990,32992,32994,32996,32998,33000,33002,33004,33006,33008,33010,33012,33014,33016,33018,33020,33022,33024,33026],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,32987,5011],{"class":66},[60,32989,71],{"class":70},[60,32991,10426],{"class":74},[60,32993,256],{"class":255},[60,32995,18350],{"class":259},[60,32997,256],{"class":255},[60,32999,166],{"class":74},[60,33001,19832],{"class":78},[60,33003,82],{"class":74},[60,33005,267],{"class":255},[60,33007,31085],{"class":259},[60,33009,256],{"class":255},[60,33011,166],{"class":74},[60,33013,13442],{"class":78},[60,33015,82],{"class":74},[60,33017,267],{"class":255},[60,33019,18359],{"class":259},[60,33021,256],{"class":255},[60,33023,166],{"class":74},[60,33025,28853],{"class":78},[60,33027,9244],{"class":74},[60,33029,33030],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,33031,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,33033,33034,33036,33038,33040,33042,33044,33046],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,33035,1702],{"class":1537},[60,33037,21517],{"class":66},[60,33039,511],{"class":1537},[60,33041,5058],{"class":66},[60,33043,115],{"class":74},[60,33045,706],{"class":118},[60,33047,21528],{"class":74},[60,33049,33050,33052,33054,33056],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,33051,1718],{"class":134},[60,33053,122],{"class":74},[60,33055,221],{"class":118},[60,33057,128],{"class":74},[20,33059,318],{},[51,33061,33063],{"className":53,"code":33062,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,33064,33065,33070,33075],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,33066,33067],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,33068,33069],{"class":78},"90\n",[60,33071,33072],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,33073,33074],{"class":78},"85\n",[60,33076,33077],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,33078,33079],{"class":78},"88\n",[20,33081,17644],{},[30,33083,33084,33087,33090],{},[33,33085,33086],{},"You only need the values",[33,33088,33089],{},"You do not care about the keys",[33,33091,33092],{},"You want simpler code",[20,33094,33095,33096,1460,33100,115],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[260,33097,10673,33098,1869],{"href":17010},[15,33099,17013],{},[260,33101,22408],{"href":33102},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[46,33104,33106],{"id":33105},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,33108,150,33109,33111],{},[15,33110,32674],{}," when you need a list.",[51,33113,33115],{"className":53,"code":33114,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,33116,33117,33163,33167,33187,33191,33202],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,33118,33119,33122,33124,33126,33128,33130,33132,33134,33136,33138,33140,33142,33144,33146,33148,33150,33152,33155,33157,33159,33161],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,33120,33121],{"class":66},"fruit_prices ",[60,33123,71],{"class":70},[60,33125,10426],{"class":74},[60,33127,256],{"class":255},[60,33129,575],{"class":259},[60,33131,256],{"class":255},[60,33133,166],{"class":74},[60,33135,85],{"class":78},[60,33137,82],{"class":74},[60,33139,267],{"class":255},[60,33141,1392],{"class":259},[60,33143,256],{"class":255},[60,33145,166],{"class":74},[60,33147,695],{"class":78},[60,33149,82],{"class":74},[60,33151,267],{"class":255},[60,33153,33154],{"class":259},"orange",[60,33156,256],{"class":255},[60,33158,166],{"class":74},[60,33160,94],{"class":78},[60,33162,9244],{"class":74},[60,33164,33165],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,33166,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,33168,33169,33172,33174,33176,33178,33181,33183,33185],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,33170,33171],{"class":66},"price_list ",[60,33173,71],{"class":70},[60,33175,22492],{"class":1656},[60,33177,122],{"class":74},[60,33179,33180],{"class":118},"fruit_prices",[60,33182,115],{"class":74},[60,33184,706],{"class":118},[60,33186,7136],{"class":74},[60,33188,33189],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,33190,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,33192,33193,33195,33197,33200],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,33194,135],{"class":134},[60,33196,122],{"class":74},[60,33198,33199],{"class":118},"price_list",[60,33201,128],{"class":74},[60,33203,33204,33206,33208,33210,33212,33214],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,33205,135],{"class":134},[60,33207,122],{"class":74},[60,33209,33199],{"class":118},[60,33211,3854],{"class":74},[60,33213,195],{"class":78},[60,33215,1193],{"class":74},[20,33217,318],{},[51,33219,33221],{"className":53,"code":33220,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,33222,33223,33239],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,33224,33225,33227,33229,33231,33233,33235,33237],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,33226,3854],{"class":74},[60,33228,125],{"class":78},[60,33230,82],{"class":74},[60,33232,695],{"class":78},[60,33234,82],{"class":74},[60,33236,94],{"class":78},[60,33238,101],{"class":74},[60,33240,33241],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,33242,321],{"class":78},[20,33244,33245],{},"This is helpful for:",[30,33247,33248,33251,33254],{},[33,33249,33250],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[33,33252,33253],{},"Accessing values by index",[33,33255,33256],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,33258,3878,33259,33261],{},[15,33260,16973],{}," is not the same as a list.",[46,33263,33265,10521,33267,10521,33269],{"id":33264},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,33266,17006],{},[15,33268,17000],{},[15,33270,17013],{},[20,33272,33273],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[30,33275,33276,33281,33286],{},[33,33277,33278,33280],{},[15,33279,17006],{}," returns only the values",[33,33282,33283,33285],{},[15,33284,17000],{}," returns only the keys",[33,33287,33288,33290],{},[15,33289,17013],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,33292,2093],{},[51,33294,33296],{"className":53,"code":33295,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,33297,33298,33334,33338,33352,33366],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,33299,33300,33302,33304,33306,33308,33310,33312,33314,33316,33318,33320,33322,33324,33326,33328,33330,33332],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,33301,12800],{"class":66},[60,33303,71],{"class":70},[60,33305,10426],{"class":74},[60,33307,256],{"class":255},[60,33309,7611],{"class":259},[60,33311,256],{"class":255},[60,33313,166],{"class":74},[60,33315,267],{"class":255},[60,33317,12817],{"class":259},[60,33319,256],{"class":255},[60,33321,82],{"class":74},[60,33323,267],{"class":255},[60,33325,9234],{"class":259},[60,33327,256],{"class":255},[60,33329,166],{"class":74},[60,33331,878],{"class":78},[60,33333,9244],{"class":74},[60,33335,33336],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,33337,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,33339,33340,33342,33344,33346,33348,33350],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,33341,135],{"class":134},[60,33343,122],{"class":74},[60,33345,13561],{"class":118},[60,33347,115],{"class":74},[60,33349,16859],{"class":118},[60,33351,7136],{"class":74},[60,33353,33354,33356,33358,33360,33362,33364],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,33355,135],{"class":134},[60,33357,122],{"class":74},[60,33359,13561],{"class":118},[60,33361,115],{"class":74},[60,33363,706],{"class":118},[60,33365,7136],{"class":74},[60,33367,33368,33370,33372,33374,33376,33378],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,33369,135],{"class":134},[60,33371,122],{"class":74},[60,33373,13561],{"class":118},[60,33375,115],{"class":74},[60,33377,828],{"class":118},[60,33379,7136],{"class":74},[20,33381,318],{},[51,33383,33385],{"className":53,"code":33384,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,33386,33387,33409,33427],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,33388,33389,33391,33393,33395,33397,33399,33401,33403,33405,33407],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,33390,16950],{"class":118},[60,33392,835],{"class":74},[60,33394,3261],{"class":255},[60,33396,7611],{"class":259},[60,33398,3261],{"class":255},[60,33400,82],{"class":74},[60,33402,3256],{"class":255},[60,33404,9234],{"class":259},[60,33406,3261],{"class":255},[60,33408,1193],{"class":74},[60,33410,33411,33413,33415,33417,33419,33421,33423,33425],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,33412,16973],{"class":118},[60,33414,835],{"class":74},[60,33416,3261],{"class":255},[60,33418,12817],{"class":259},[60,33420,3261],{"class":255},[60,33422,82],{"class":74},[60,33424,878],{"class":78},[60,33426,1193],{"class":74},[60,33428,33429,33431,33433,33435,33437,33439,33441,33443],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,33430,21841],{"class":118},[60,33432,9593],{"class":74},[60,33434,3261],{"class":255},[60,33436,7611],{"class":259},[60,33438,3261],{"class":255},[60,33440,82],{"class":74},[60,33442,878],{"class":78},[60,33444,10615],{"class":74},[20,33446,18628],{},[30,33448,33449,33456,33463],{},[33,33450,33451,33455],{},[260,33452,33453],{"href":16997},[15,33454,17000],{}," when you need just the keys",[33,33457,33458,33462],{},[260,33459,33460],{"href":17003},[15,33461,17006],{}," when you need just the values",[33,33464,33465,33469],{},[260,33466,33467],{"href":17010},[15,33468,17013],{}," when you need both",[46,33471,4468],{"id":4467},[20,33473,33474,33475,115],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,33476,17006],{},[553,33478,1626,33480,1629],{"id":33479},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,33481,17006],{},[20,33483,33484,33486],{},[15,33485,17006],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,33488,16579],{},[51,33490,33492],{"className":53,"code":33491,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,33493,33494,33514],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,33495,33496,33498,33500,33502,33504,33506,33508,33510,33512],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,33497,8248],{"class":66},[60,33499,71],{"class":70},[60,33501,75],{"class":74},[60,33503,79],{"class":78},[60,33505,82],{"class":74},[60,33507,85],{"class":78},[60,33509,82],{"class":74},[60,33511,94],{"class":78},[60,33513,101],{"class":74},[60,33515,33516,33518,33520,33522,33524,33526],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,33517,135],{"class":134},[60,33519,122],{"class":74},[60,33521,212],{"class":118},[60,33523,115],{"class":74},[60,33525,706],{"class":118},[60,33527,7136],{"class":74},[20,33529,33530,33531,33533],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,33532,17006],{}," method.",[20,33535,33536],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[51,33538,33540],{"className":53,"code":33539,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,33541,33542],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,33543,33544,33546,33548,33550,33552,33554],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,33545,135],{"class":134},[60,33547,122],{"class":74},[60,33549,1657],{"class":1656},[60,33551,122],{"class":74},[60,33553,212],{"class":118},[60,33555,315],{"class":74},[20,33557,33558,33559,33561,33562,115],{},"If you get an ",[15,33560,25604],{},", see ",[260,33563,25612,33564,33566],{"href":25611},[15,33565,25615],{}," errors",[553,33568,4529,33570,33572],{"id":33569},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,33571,17006],{}," returns a list",[20,33574,33575],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[51,33577,33579],{"className":53,"code":33578,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,33580,33581,33617,33631,33635],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,33582,33583,33585,33587,33589,33591,33593,33595,33597,33599,33601,33603,33605,33607,33609,33611,33613,33615],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,33584,12800],{"class":66},[60,33586,71],{"class":70},[60,33588,10426],{"class":74},[60,33590,256],{"class":255},[60,33592,7611],{"class":259},[60,33594,256],{"class":255},[60,33596,166],{"class":74},[60,33598,267],{"class":255},[60,33600,12817],{"class":259},[60,33602,256],{"class":255},[60,33604,82],{"class":74},[60,33606,267],{"class":255},[60,33608,9234],{"class":259},[60,33610,256],{"class":255},[60,33612,166],{"class":74},[60,33614,878],{"class":78},[60,33616,9244],{"class":74},[60,33618,33619,33621,33623,33625,33627,33629],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,33620,674],{"class":66},[60,33622,71],{"class":70},[60,33624,12843],{"class":66},[60,33626,115],{"class":74},[60,33628,706],{"class":118},[60,33630,8579],{"class":74},[60,33632,33633],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,33634,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,33636,33637,33639,33641,33643,33645,33647],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,33638,135],{"class":134},[60,33640,122],{"class":74},[60,33642,1657],{"class":1656},[60,33644,122],{"class":74},[60,33646,706],{"class":118},[60,33648,315],{"class":74},[20,33650,318],{},[51,33652,33654],{"className":53,"code":33653,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,33655,33656],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,33657,33658,33660,33662,33664,33666,33668],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,33659,3250],{"class":70},[60,33661,3253],{"class":2033},[60,33663,3256],{"class":255},[60,33665,16973],{"class":259},[60,33667,3261],{"class":255},[60,33669,3264],{"class":70},[20,33671,5096,33672,33674],{},[15,33673,16973],{},", not a list.",[20,33676,33677],{},"If you need a list:",[51,33679,33681],{"className":53,"code":33680,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,33682,33683],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,33684,33685,33687,33689,33691,33693,33695,33697,33699],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,33686,674],{"class":66},[60,33688,71],{"class":70},[60,33690,22492],{"class":1656},[60,33692,122],{"class":74},[60,33694,13561],{"class":118},[60,33696,115],{"class":74},[60,33698,706],{"class":118},[60,33700,7136],{"class":74},[553,33702,33704,33705],{"id":33703},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,33706,16973],{},[20,33708,33709],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[51,33711,33713],{"className":53,"code":33712,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,33714,33715,33751,33765,33769],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,33716,33717,33719,33721,33723,33725,33727,33729,33731,33733,33735,33737,33739,33741,33743,33745,33747,33749],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,33718,12800],{"class":66},[60,33720,71],{"class":70},[60,33722,10426],{"class":74},[60,33724,256],{"class":255},[60,33726,7611],{"class":259},[60,33728,256],{"class":255},[60,33730,166],{"class":74},[60,33732,267],{"class":255},[60,33734,12817],{"class":259},[60,33736,256],{"class":255},[60,33738,82],{"class":74},[60,33740,267],{"class":255},[60,33742,9234],{"class":259},[60,33744,256],{"class":255},[60,33746,166],{"class":74},[60,33748,878],{"class":78},[60,33750,9244],{"class":74},[60,33752,33753,33755,33757,33759,33761,33763],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,33754,674],{"class":66},[60,33756,71],{"class":70},[60,33758,12843],{"class":66},[60,33760,115],{"class":74},[60,33762,706],{"class":118},[60,33764,8579],{"class":74},[60,33766,33767],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,33768,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,33770,33771],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,33772,33773],{"class":146},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,33775,33776],{},"Convert to a list first:",[51,33778,33780],{"className":53,"code":33779,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,33781,33782,33818,33836,33840],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,33783,33784,33786,33788,33790,33792,33794,33796,33798,33800,33802,33804,33806,33808,33810,33812,33814,33816],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,33785,12800],{"class":66},[60,33787,71],{"class":70},[60,33789,10426],{"class":74},[60,33791,256],{"class":255},[60,33793,7611],{"class":259},[60,33795,256],{"class":255},[60,33797,166],{"class":74},[60,33799,267],{"class":255},[60,33801,12817],{"class":259},[60,33803,256],{"class":255},[60,33805,82],{"class":74},[60,33807,267],{"class":255},[60,33809,9234],{"class":259},[60,33811,256],{"class":255},[60,33813,166],{"class":74},[60,33815,878],{"class":78},[60,33817,9244],{"class":74},[60,33819,33820,33822,33824,33826,33828,33830,33832,33834],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,33821,674],{"class":66},[60,33823,71],{"class":70},[60,33825,22492],{"class":1656},[60,33827,122],{"class":74},[60,33829,13561],{"class":118},[60,33831,115],{"class":74},[60,33833,706],{"class":118},[60,33835,7136],{"class":74},[60,33837,33838],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,33839,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,33841,33842,33844,33846,33848,33850,33852],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,33843,135],{"class":134},[60,33845,122],{"class":74},[60,33847,706],{"class":118},[60,33849,3854],{"class":74},[60,33851,195],{"class":78},[60,33853,1193],{"class":74},[553,33855,8356,33857,11028,33859],{"id":33856},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,33858,706],{},[15,33860,17006],{},[20,33862,33863],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[51,33865,33867],{"className":53,"code":33866,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,33868,33869,33905,33909],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,33870,33871,33873,33875,33877,33879,33881,33883,33885,33887,33889,33891,33893,33895,33897,33899,33901,33903],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,33872,12800],{"class":66},[60,33874,71],{"class":70},[60,33876,10426],{"class":74},[60,33878,256],{"class":255},[60,33880,7611],{"class":259},[60,33882,256],{"class":255},[60,33884,166],{"class":74},[60,33886,267],{"class":255},[60,33888,12817],{"class":259},[60,33890,256],{"class":255},[60,33892,82],{"class":74},[60,33894,267],{"class":255},[60,33896,9234],{"class":259},[60,33898,256],{"class":255},[60,33900,166],{"class":74},[60,33902,878],{"class":78},[60,33904,9244],{"class":74},[60,33906,33907],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,33908,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,33910,33911,33913,33915,33917,33919,33921],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,33912,135],{"class":134},[60,33914,122],{"class":74},[60,33916,13561],{"class":118},[60,33918,115],{"class":74},[60,33920,706],{"class":24682},[60,33922,128],{"class":74},[20,33924,33925,33928],{},[15,33926,33927],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,33930,18628],{},[51,33932,33934],{"className":53,"code":33933,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(student.values())\n",[15,33935,33936],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,33937,33938,33940,33942,33944,33946,33948],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,33939,135],{"class":134},[60,33941,122],{"class":74},[60,33943,13561],{"class":118},[60,33945,115],{"class":74},[60,33947,706],{"class":118},[60,33949,7136],{"class":74},[553,33951,33953],{"id":33952},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,33955,33956],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[51,33958,33960],{"className":53,"code":33959,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,33961,33962,33994],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,33963,33964,33966,33968,33970,33972,33974,33976,33978,33980,33982,33984,33986,33988,33990,33992],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,33965,1127],{"class":66},[60,33967,71],{"class":70},[60,33969,10426],{"class":74},[60,33971,256],{"class":255},[60,33973,260],{"class":259},[60,33975,256],{"class":255},[60,33977,166],{"class":74},[60,33979,695],{"class":78},[60,33981,82],{"class":74},[60,33983,267],{"class":255},[60,33985,270],{"class":259},[60,33987,256],{"class":255},[60,33989,166],{"class":74},[60,33991,85],{"class":78},[60,33993,9244],{"class":74},[60,33995,33996,33998,34000,34002,34004,34006],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,33997,135],{"class":134},[60,33999,122],{"class":74},[60,34001,9139],{"class":118},[60,34003,115],{"class":74},[60,34005,706],{"class":118},[60,34007,7136],{"class":74},[20,34009,34010],{},"Not like this:",[51,34012,34014],{"className":53,"code":34013,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,34015,34016,34021,34026],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,34017,34018],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,34019,34020],{"class":146},"# Wrong examples:\n",[60,34022,34023],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,34024,34025],{"class":146},"# data().values()\n",[60,34027,34028],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,34029,34030],{"class":146},"# values(data)\n",[20,34032,3301],{},[51,34034,34036],{"className":53,"code":34035,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,34037,34038,34052,34062,34076],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,34039,34040,34042,34044,34046,34048,34050],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,34041,135],{"class":134},[60,34043,122],{"class":74},[60,34045,1657],{"class":1656},[60,34047,122],{"class":74},[60,34049,11385],{"class":118},[60,34051,315],{"class":74},[60,34053,34054,34056,34058,34060],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,34055,135],{"class":134},[60,34057,122],{"class":74},[60,34059,11385],{"class":118},[60,34061,128],{"class":74},[60,34063,34064,34066,34068,34070,34072,34074],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,34065,135],{"class":134},[60,34067,122],{"class":74},[60,34069,11385],{"class":118},[60,34071,115],{"class":74},[60,34073,706],{"class":118},[60,34075,7136],{"class":74},[60,34077,34078,34080,34082,34084,34086,34088,34090,34092],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,34079,135],{"class":134},[60,34081,122],{"class":74},[60,34083,8033],{"class":1656},[60,34085,122],{"class":74},[60,34087,11385],{"class":118},[60,34089,115],{"class":74},[60,34091,706],{"class":118},[60,34093,6231],{"class":74},[46,34095,1773],{"id":1772},[553,34097,5090,34099,5093],{"id":34098},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,34100,32253],{},[20,34102,17357,34103,34105],{},[15,34104,16973],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[553,34107,1777,34109,23863],{"id":34108},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,34110,17006],{},[20,34112,23866,34113,23870],{},[15,34114,34115],{},"list(...)",[553,34117,25989,34119,1435],{"id":34118},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,34120,32253],{},[20,34122,34123,34124,25997],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,34125,1702],{},[553,34127,1777,34129,34131],{"id":34128},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,34130,32253],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,34133,34134],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[553,34136,34138,34139,34141,34142,1435],{"id":34137},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,34140,17006],{}," different from ",[15,34143,17013],{},[20,34145,34146,34148,34149,34151],{},[15,34147,17006],{}," returns only values. ",[15,34150,17013],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[46,34153,1842],{"id":1841},[30,34155,34156,34162,34168,34172,34178,34182],{},[33,34157,34158],{},[260,34159,10673,34160,1869],{"href":16997},[15,34161,17000],{},[33,34163,34164],{},[260,34165,10673,34166,1869],{"href":17010},[15,34167,17013],{},[33,34169,34170],{},[260,34171,11178],{"href":9326},[33,34173,34174],{},[260,34175,34177],{"href":34176},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[33,34179,34180],{},[260,34181,23948],{"href":33102},[33,34183,34184],{},[260,34185,30279,34186],{"href":25611},[15,34187,34188],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[1885,34190,34191],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":34193},[34194,34195,34197,34198,34200,34201,34202,34203,34205,34216,34228],{"id":1971,"depth":104,"text":1972},{"id":32423,"depth":104,"text":34196},"What values() does",{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199},{"id":32493,"depth":104,"text":34199},"What values() returns",{"id":11410,"depth":104,"text":11411},{"id":32972,"depth":104,"text":32973},{"id":33105,"depth":104,"text":33106},{"id":33264,"depth":104,"text":34204},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":4467,"depth":104,"text":4468,"children":34206},[34207,34209,34211,34213,34215],{"id":33479,"depth":131,"text":34208},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33569,"depth":131,"text":34210},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33703,"depth":131,"text":34212},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":33856,"depth":131,"text":34214},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":33952,"depth":131,"text":33953},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":34217},[34218,34220,34222,34224,34226],{"id":34098,"depth":131,"text":34219},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34108,"depth":131,"text":34221},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34118,"depth":131,"text":34223},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34128,"depth":131,"text":34225},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34137,"depth":131,"text":34227},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32240,"description":34229},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34235,"title":34236,"body":34237,"description":35668,"extension":1930,"meta":35669,"navigation":421,"path":35670,"seo":35671,"stem":35672,"__hash__":35673},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34238,"toc":35620},[34239,34245,34250,34253,34269,34278,34280,34312,34318,34321,34416,34419,34424,34429,34432,34443,34445,34459,34465,34467,34472,34478,34481,34520,34528,34533,34536,34581,34584,34596,34602,34608,34612,34645,34648,34666,34669,34673,34712,34714,34734,34737,34749,34754,34760,34763,34818,34821,34832,34835,34846,34849,34853,34859,34861,34891,34894,34909,34912,34915,34934,34937,34953,34962,34964,34995,35001,35006,35009,35016,35047,35050,35072,35075,35078,35092,35096,35127,35142,35149,35156,35160,35168,35172,35180,35183,35232,35243,35245,35248,35254,35259,35269,35273,35276,35279,35283,35286,35288,35309,35313,35319,35330,35336,35338,35344,35368,35371,35434,35437,35465,35468,35530,35532,35537,35540,35547,35555,35562,35565,35573,35579,35581,35608,35617],[10,34240,1875,34242,3541],{"id":34241},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,34243,34244],{},"dir()",[20,34246,32250,34247,34249],{},[15,34248,34244],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,34251,34252],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[30,34254,34255,34258,34261,34266],{},[33,34256,34257],{},"learning Python",[33,34259,34260],{},"exploring a new object",[33,34262,34263,34264],{},"debugging an ",[15,34265,25604],{},[33,34267,34268],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,34270,34271,34272,34274,34275],{},"In short, ",[15,34273,34244],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[3698,34276,34277],{},"“What can I use here?”",[46,34279,1972],{"id":1971},[51,34281,34283],{"className":53,"code":34282,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,34284,34285,34297],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,34286,34287,34289,34291,34293,34295],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,34288,7816],{"class":66},[60,34290,71],{"class":70},[60,34292,267],{"class":255},[60,34294,3801],{"class":259},[60,34296,3320],{"class":255},[60,34298,34299,34301,34303,34306,34308,34310],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,34300,135],{"class":134},[60,34302,122],{"class":74},[60,34304,34305],{"class":134},"dir",[60,34307,122],{"class":74},[60,34309,7611],{"class":118},[60,34311,315],{"class":74},[20,34313,150,34314,34317],{},[15,34315,34316],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,34319,34320],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[51,34322,34324],{"className":53,"code":34323,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,34325,34326],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,34327,34328,34330,34332,34335,34337,34339,34341,34344,34346,34348,34350,34353,34355,34357,34359,34362,34364,34366,34368,34371,34373,34375,34377,34380,34382,34384,34388,34390,34392,34394,34396,34398,34400,34403,34405,34407,34409,34412,34414],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,34329,3854],{"class":74},[60,34331,3261],{"class":255},[60,34333,34334],{"class":259},"__add__",[60,34336,3261],{"class":255},[60,34338,82],{"class":74},[60,34340,3256],{"class":255},[60,34342,34343],{"class":259},"__class__",[60,34345,3261],{"class":255},[60,34347,82],{"class":74},[60,34349,3256],{"class":255},[60,34351,34352],{"class":259},"__contains__",[60,34354,3261],{"class":255},[60,34356,82],{"class":74},[60,34358,3256],{"class":255},[60,34360,34361],{"class":259},"__delattr__",[60,34363,3261],{"class":255},[60,34365,82],{"class":74},[60,34367,3256],{"class":255},[60,34369,34370],{"class":259},"__dir__",[60,34372,3261],{"class":255},[60,34374,82],{"class":74},[60,34376,3256],{"class":255},[60,34378,34379],{"class":259},"__doc__",[60,34381,3261],{"class":255},[60,34383,82],{"class":74},[60,34385,34387],{"class":34386},"s_hVV"," ...",[60,34389,82],{"class":74},[60,34391,3256],{"class":255},[60,34393,8576],{"class":259},[60,34395,3261],{"class":255},[60,34397,82],{"class":74},[60,34399,3256],{"class":255},[60,34401,34402],{"class":259},"split",[60,34404,3261],{"class":255},[60,34406,82],{"class":74},[60,34408,3256],{"class":255},[60,34410,34411],{"class":259},"upper",[60,34413,3261],{"class":255},[60,34415,101],{"class":74},[20,34417,34418],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[46,34420,158,34422,161],{"id":34421},"what-dir-does",[15,34423,34244],{},[20,34425,34426,34428],{},[15,34427,34244],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,34430,34431],{},"It usually includes:",[30,34433,34434,34437,34440],{},[33,34435,34436],{},"attributes",[33,34438,34439],{},"methods",[33,34441,34442],{},"special Python names",[20,34444,11394],{},[30,34446,34447,34453,34456],{},[33,34448,34449,34450],{},"The result is a ",[3698,34451,34452],{},"list of strings",[33,34454,34455],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[33,34457,34458],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,34460,34461,34462,34464],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,34463,34244],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[46,34466,199],{"id":198},[20,34468,34469,34471],{},[15,34470,34244],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[553,34473,34475,34477],{"id":34474},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,34476,34244],{}," with no argument",[20,34479,34480],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[51,34482,34484],{"className":53,"code":34483,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34485,34486,34494,34506,34510],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,34487,34488,34490,34492],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,34489,2984],{"class":66},[60,34491,71],{"class":70},[60,34493,2548],{"class":78},[60,34495,34496,34498,34500,34502,34504],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,34497,7816],{"class":66},[60,34499,71],{"class":70},[60,34501,267],{"class":255},[60,34503,1568],{"class":259},[60,34505,3320],{"class":255},[60,34507,34508],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,34509,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,34511,34512,34514,34516,34518],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,34513,135],{"class":134},[60,34515,122],{"class":74},[60,34517,34305],{"class":134},[60,34519,7136],{"class":74},[20,34521,34522,34523,544,34525,34527],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,34524,2139],{},[15,34526,7611],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[553,34529,34531],{"id":34530},"dirobject",[15,34532,34316],{},[20,34534,34535],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[51,34537,34539],{"className":53,"code":34538,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,34540,34541,34559],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,34542,34543,34545,34547,34549,34551,34553,34555,34557],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,34544,135],{"class":134},[60,34546,122],{"class":74},[60,34548,34305],{"class":134},[60,34550,122],{"class":74},[60,34552,256],{"class":255},[60,34554,3801],{"class":259},[60,34556,256],{"class":255},[60,34558,315],{"class":74},[60,34560,34561,34563,34565,34567,34569,34571,34573,34575,34577,34579],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,34562,135],{"class":134},[60,34564,122],{"class":74},[60,34566,34305],{"class":134},[60,34568,835],{"class":74},[60,34570,79],{"class":78},[60,34572,82],{"class":74},[60,34574,85],{"class":78},[60,34576,82],{"class":74},[60,34578,94],{"class":78},[60,34580,2958],{"class":74},[20,34582,34583],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[30,34585,34586,34588,34590,34593],{},[33,34587,5256],{},[33,34589,5247],{},[33,34591,34592],{},"modules",[33,34594,34595],{},"custom objects",[46,34597,8356,34599,34601],{"id":34598},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34600,34244],{}," with a value",[20,34603,34604,34605,34607],{},"A common use of ",[15,34606,34244],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[553,34609,34611],{"id":34610},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[51,34613,34615],{"className":53,"code":34614,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,34616,34617,34630],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,34618,34619,34622,34624,34626,34628],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,34620,34621],{"class":66},"text ",[60,34623,71],{"class":70},[60,34625,267],{"class":255},[60,34627,3801],{"class":259},[60,34629,3320],{"class":255},[60,34631,34632,34634,34636,34638,34640,34643],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,34633,135],{"class":134},[60,34635,122],{"class":74},[60,34637,34305],{"class":134},[60,34639,122],{"class":74},[60,34641,34642],{"class":118},"text",[60,34644,315],{"class":74},[20,34646,34647],{},"You will see method names like:",[30,34649,34650,34654,34658,34662],{},[33,34651,34652],{},[15,34653,8576],{},[33,34655,34656],{},[15,34657,34411],{},[33,34659,34660],{},[15,34661,34402],{},[33,34663,34664],{},[15,34665,8570],{},[20,34667,34668],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[553,34670,34672],{"id":34671},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[51,34674,34676],{"className":53,"code":34675,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,34677,34678,34698],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,34679,34680,34682,34684,34686,34688,34690,34692,34694,34696],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,34681,67],{"class":66},[60,34683,71],{"class":70},[60,34685,75],{"class":74},[60,34687,79],{"class":78},[60,34689,82],{"class":74},[60,34691,85],{"class":78},[60,34693,82],{"class":74},[60,34695,94],{"class":78},[60,34697,101],{"class":74},[60,34699,34700,34702,34704,34706,34708,34710],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,34701,135],{"class":134},[60,34703,122],{"class":74},[60,34705,34305],{"class":134},[60,34707,122],{"class":74},[60,34709,1506],{"class":118},[60,34711,315],{"class":74},[20,34713,34647],{},[30,34715,34716,34720,34724,34729],{},[33,34717,34718],{},[15,34719,13488],{},[33,34721,34722],{},[15,34723,26174],{},[33,34725,34726],{},[15,34727,34728],{},"remove",[33,34730,34731],{},[15,34732,34733],{},"sort",[20,34735,34736],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,34738,34739,34740,34745,34746,34748],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[260,34741,34743],{"href":34742},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,34744,2266],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,34747,34244],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[46,34750,8356,34752,34477],{"id":34751},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,34753,34244],{},[20,34755,34756,34757,34759],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,34758,34244],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,34761,34762],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[51,34764,34766],{"className":53,"code":34765,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34767,34768,34777,34781,34792,34804,34808],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,34769,34770,34772,34774],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,34771,2984],{"class":66},[60,34773,71],{"class":70},[60,34775,34776],{"class":78}," 5\n",[60,34778,34779],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,34780,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,34782,34783,34786,34790],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,34784,34785],{"class":2033},"def",[60,34787,34789],{"class":34788},"sGLFI"," greet",[60,34791,21528],{"class":74},[60,34793,34794,34797,34799,34802],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,34795,34796],{"class":1537},"    return",[60,34798,267],{"class":255},[60,34800,34801],{"class":259},"Hello",[60,34803,3320],{"class":255},[60,34805,34806],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,34807,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,34809,34810,34812,34814,34816],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,34811,135],{"class":134},[60,34813,122],{"class":74},[60,34815,34305],{"class":134},[60,34817,7136],{"class":74},[20,34819,34820],{},"The output will include names like:",[30,34822,34823,34827],{},[33,34824,34825],{},[15,34826,2139],{},[33,34828,34829],{},[15,34830,34831],{},"greet",[20,34833,34834],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[30,34836,34837,34840,34843],{},[33,34838,34839],{},"what variables exist",[33,34841,34842],{},"what functions you have defined",[33,34844,34845],{},"what names are currently available",[20,34847,34848],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[46,34850,34852],{"id":34851},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,34854,34855,34856,34858],{},"When you first use ",[15,34857,34244],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,34860,238],{},[51,34862,34863],{"className":53,"code":34614,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,34864,34865,34877],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,34866,34867,34869,34871,34873,34875],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,34868,34621],{"class":66},[60,34870,71],{"class":70},[60,34872,267],{"class":255},[60,34874,3801],{"class":259},[60,34876,3320],{"class":255},[60,34878,34879,34881,34883,34885,34887,34889],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,34880,135],{"class":134},[60,34882,122],{"class":74},[60,34884,34305],{"class":134},[60,34886,122],{"class":74},[60,34888,34642],{"class":118},[60,34890,315],{"class":74},[20,34892,34893],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[30,34895,34896,34900,34904],{},[33,34897,34898],{},[15,34899,34343],{},[33,34901,34902],{},[15,34903,34379],{},[33,34905,34906],{},[15,34907,34908],{},"__len__",[20,34910,34911],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,34913,34914],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[30,34916,34917,34921,34925,34929],{},[33,34918,34919],{},[15,34920,34411],{},[33,34922,34923],{},[15,34924,8576],{},[33,34926,34927],{},[15,34928,34402],{},[33,34930,34931],{},[15,34932,34933],{},"replace",[20,34935,34936],{},"A key point to remember:",[30,34938,34939,34947],{},[33,34940,34941,34943,34944],{},[15,34942,34244],{}," lists ",[3698,34945,34946],{},"names only",[33,34948,34949,34950,34952],{},"it does ",[3698,34951,4581],{}," explain what each name does",[20,34954,34955,34956,115],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[260,34957,34959],{"href":34958},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,34960,34961],{},"help()",[20,34963,5418],{},[51,34965,34967],{"className":53,"code":34966,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34968,34969,34981],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,34970,34971,34973,34975,34977,34979],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,34972,7816],{"class":66},[60,34974,71],{"class":70},[60,34976,267],{"class":255},[60,34978,3801],{"class":259},[60,34980,3320],{"class":255},[60,34982,34983,34985,34987,34989,34991,34993],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,34984,32085],{"class":134},[60,34986,122],{"class":74},[60,34988,7611],{"class":118},[60,34990,115],{"class":74},[60,34992,34411],{"class":24682},[60,34994,128],{"class":74},[46,34996,34998,35000],{"id":34997},"dir-on-modules",[15,34999,34244],{}," on modules",[20,35002,15649,35003,35005],{},[15,35004,34244],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,35007,35008],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[553,35010,35012,35013,35015],{"id":35011},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,35014,18350],{}," module",[51,35017,35019],{"className":53,"code":35018,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,35020,35021,35029,35033],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,35022,35023,35026],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,35024,35025],{"class":1537},"import",[60,35027,35028],{"class":66}," math\n",[60,35030,35031],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,35032,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,35034,35035,35037,35039,35041,35043,35045],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,35036,135],{"class":134},[60,35038,122],{"class":74},[60,35040,34305],{"class":134},[60,35042,122],{"class":74},[60,35044,18350],{"class":118},[60,35046,315],{"class":74},[20,35048,35049],{},"You may see names like:",[30,35051,35052,35057,35062,35067],{},[33,35053,35054],{},[15,35055,35056],{},"sqrt",[33,35058,35059],{},[15,35060,35061],{},"ceil",[33,35063,35064],{},[15,35065,35066],{},"floor",[33,35068,35069],{},[15,35070,35071],{},"pi",[20,35073,35074],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,35076,35077],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[30,35079,35080,35086],{},[33,35081,35082],{},[260,35083,35085],{"href":35084},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[33,35087,35088],{},[260,35089,35091],{"href":35090},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[553,35093,35095],{"id":35094},"another-example","Another example",[51,35097,35099],{"className":53,"code":35098,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,35100,35101,35108,35112],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,35102,35103,35105],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,35104,35025],{"class":1537},[60,35106,35107],{"class":66}," json\n",[60,35109,35110],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,35111,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,35113,35114,35116,35118,35120,35122,35125],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,35115,135],{"class":134},[60,35117,122],{"class":74},[60,35119,34305],{"class":134},[60,35121,122],{"class":74},[60,35123,35124],{"class":118},"json",[60,35126,315],{"class":74},[20,35128,35129,35130,2154,35133,2154,35136,17007,35139,115],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,35131,35132],{},"dump",[15,35134,35135],{},"dumps",[15,35137,35138],{},"load",[15,35140,35141],{},"loads",[46,35143,35145,10521,35147],{"id":35144},"dir-vs-help",[15,35146,34244],{},[15,35148,34961],{},[20,35150,35151,544,35153,35155],{},[15,35152,34244],{},[15,35154,34961],{}," are often used together.",[553,35157,35158],{"id":34305},[15,35159,34244],{},[30,35161,35162,35165],{},[33,35163,35164],{},"shows available names",[33,35166,35167],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[553,35169,35170],{"id":32085},[15,35171,34961],{},[30,35173,35174,35177],{},[33,35175,35176],{},"explains what an object or function does",[33,35178,35179],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,35181,35182],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[51,35184,35186],{"className":53,"code":35185,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35187,35188,35200,35204,35218],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,35189,35190,35192,35194,35196,35198],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,35191,7816],{"class":66},[60,35193,71],{"class":70},[60,35195,267],{"class":255},[60,35197,3801],{"class":259},[60,35199,3320],{"class":255},[60,35201,35202],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,35203,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,35205,35206,35208,35210,35212,35214,35216],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,35207,135],{"class":134},[60,35209,122],{"class":74},[60,35211,34305],{"class":134},[60,35213,122],{"class":74},[60,35215,7611],{"class":118},[60,35217,315],{"class":74},[60,35219,35220,35222,35224,35226,35228,35230],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,35221,32085],{"class":134},[60,35223,122],{"class":74},[60,35225,7611],{"class":118},[60,35227,115],{"class":74},[60,35229,34411],{"class":24682},[60,35231,128],{"class":74},[20,35233,150,35234,35236,35237,35239,35240,35242],{},[15,35235,34244],{}," first to find a method name.",[9781,35238],{},"\nThen use ",[15,35241,34961],{}," to understand how to use it.",[46,35244,25290],{"id":25289},[20,35246,35247],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[553,35249,35251,35253],{"id":35250},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,35252,34244],{}," returns names, not values",[20,35255,35256,35258],{},[15,35257,34244],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,35260,35261,35262,35264,35265,35268],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,35263,34411],{}," in ",[15,35266,35267],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[553,35270,35272],{"id":35271},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,35274,35275],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,35277,35278],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[553,35280,35282],{"id":35281},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,35284,35285],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,35287,5418],{},[30,35289,35290,35295,35301],{},[33,35291,35292,35294],{},[15,35293,35267],{}," shows string-related names",[33,35296,35297,35300],{},[15,35298,35299],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[33,35302,35303,35306,35307,35015],{},[15,35304,35305],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,35308,18350],{},[553,35310,35312],{"id":35311},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,35314,35315,35316,35318],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,35317,34244],{}," does not mean you already know:",[30,35320,35321,35324,35327],{},[33,35322,35323],{},"what it does",[33,35325,35326],{},"what arguments it needs",[33,35328,35329],{},"what it returns",[20,35331,35332,35333,35335],{},"That is why ",[15,35334,34961],{}," is the natural next step.",[46,35337,1351],{"id":1350},[20,35339,35340,35341,35343],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,35342,34244],{}," in these situations:",[30,35345,35346,35349,35358,35361],{},[33,35347,35348],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[33,35350,35351,35352,35357],{},"Seeing an ",[260,35353,35355],{"href":35354},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,35356,25604],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[33,35359,35360],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[33,35362,8356,35363,35365,35366],{},[15,35364,34244],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,35367,34961],{},[20,35369,35370],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[51,35372,35374],{"className":53,"code":35373,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35375,35376,35388,35392,35406,35420],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,35377,35378,35380,35382,35384,35386],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,35379,7816],{"class":66},[60,35381,71],{"class":70},[60,35383,267],{"class":255},[60,35385,3801],{"class":259},[60,35387,3320],{"class":255},[60,35389,35390],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,35391,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,35393,35394,35396,35398,35400,35402,35404],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,35395,135],{"class":134},[60,35397,122],{"class":74},[60,35399,1657],{"class":1656},[60,35401,122],{"class":74},[60,35403,7611],{"class":118},[60,35405,315],{"class":74},[60,35407,35408,35410,35412,35414,35416,35418],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,35409,135],{"class":134},[60,35411,122],{"class":74},[60,35413,34305],{"class":134},[60,35415,122],{"class":74},[60,35417,7611],{"class":118},[60,35419,315],{"class":74},[60,35421,35422,35424,35426,35428,35430,35432],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,35423,32085],{"class":134},[60,35425,122],{"class":74},[60,35427,7611],{"class":118},[60,35429,115],{"class":74},[60,35431,34411],{"class":24682},[60,35433,128],{"class":74},[20,35435,35436],{},"And for modules:",[51,35438,35439],{"className":53,"code":35018,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,35440,35441,35447,35451],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,35442,35443,35445],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,35444,35025],{"class":1537},[60,35446,35028],{"class":66},[60,35448,35449],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,35450,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,35452,35453,35455,35457,35459,35461,35463],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,35454,135],{"class":134},[60,35456,122],{"class":74},[60,35458,34305],{"class":134},[60,35460,122],{"class":74},[60,35462,18350],{"class":118},[60,35464,315],{"class":74},[20,35466,35467],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[51,35469,35471],{"className":53,"code":35470,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,35472,35473,35478,35490,35500,35514,35520],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,35474,35475],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,35476,35477],{"class":66},"python\n",[60,35479,35480,35482,35484,35486,35488],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,35481,7816],{"class":66},[60,35483,71],{"class":70},[60,35485,267],{"class":255},[60,35487,3801],{"class":259},[60,35489,3320],{"class":255},[60,35491,35492,35494,35496,35498],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,35493,34305],{"class":134},[60,35495,122],{"class":74},[60,35497,7611],{"class":118},[60,35499,128],{"class":74},[60,35501,35502,35504,35506,35508,35510,35512],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,35503,32085],{"class":134},[60,35505,122],{"class":74},[60,35507,7611],{"class":118},[60,35509,115],{"class":74},[60,35511,34411],{"class":24682},[60,35513,128],{"class":74},[60,35515,35516,35518],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,35517,35025],{"class":1537},[60,35519,35028],{"class":66},[60,35521,35522,35524,35526,35528],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,35523,34305],{"class":134},[60,35525,122],{"class":74},[60,35527,18350],{"class":118},[60,35529,128],{"class":74},[46,35531,1773],{"id":1772},[553,35533,5090,35535,5093],{"id":35534},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,35536,34244],{},[20,35538,35539],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[553,35541,5126,35543,544,35545,1435],{"id":35542},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,35544,34244],{},[15,35546,34961],{},[20,35548,35549,35551,35552,35554],{},[15,35550,34244],{}," lists available names. ",[15,35553,34961],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[553,35556,35558,35559,35561],{"id":35557},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,35560,34244],{}," output?",[20,35563,35564],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[553,35566,1796,35568,35570,35571,1435],{"id":35567},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,35569,34244],{}," help fix ",[15,35572,25604],{},[20,35574,35575,35576,115],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[260,35577,35578],{"href":35354},"object has no attribute",[46,35580,1842],{"id":1841},[30,35582,35583,35589,35594,35598,35602],{},[33,35584,35585],{},[260,35586,1875,35587,3471],{"href":34958},[15,35588,34961],{},[33,35590,35591],{},[260,35592,35593],{"href":35354},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[33,35595,35596],{},[260,35597,35085],{"href":35084},[33,35599,35600],{},[260,35601,35091],{"href":35090},[33,35603,35604],{},[260,35605,1875,35606,3471],{"href":34742},[15,35607,2266],{},[20,35609,35610,35611,35613,35614,35616],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,35612,34244],{}," together with ",[15,35615,34961],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[1885,35618,35619],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":35621},[35622,35623,35625,35630,35635,35637,35638,35644,35649,35656,35657,35667],{"id":1971,"depth":104,"text":1972},{"id":34421,"depth":104,"text":35624},"What dir() does",{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199,"children":35626},[35627,35629],{"id":34474,"depth":131,"text":35628},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34530,"depth":131,"text":34316},{"id":34598,"depth":104,"text":35631,"children":35632},"Using dir() with a value",[35633,35634],{"id":34610,"depth":131,"text":34611},{"id":34671,"depth":131,"text":34672},{"id":34751,"depth":104,"text":35636},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":34851,"depth":104,"text":34852},{"id":34997,"depth":104,"text":35639,"children":35640},"dir() on modules",[35641,35643],{"id":35011,"depth":131,"text":35642},"Example: math module",{"id":35094,"depth":131,"text":35095},{"id":35144,"depth":104,"text":35645,"children":35646},"dir() vs help()",[35647,35648],{"id":34305,"depth":131,"text":34244},{"id":32085,"depth":131,"text":34961},{"id":25289,"depth":104,"text":25290,"children":35650},[35651,35653,35654,35655],{"id":35250,"depth":131,"text":35652},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35271,"depth":131,"text":35272},{"id":35281,"depth":131,"text":35282},{"id":35311,"depth":131,"text":35312},{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":35658},[35659,35661,35663,35665],{"id":35534,"depth":131,"text":35660},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35542,"depth":131,"text":35662},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35557,"depth":131,"text":35664},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35567,"depth":131,"text":35666},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34236,"description":35668},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35675,"title":35676,"body":35677,"description":37494,"extension":1930,"meta":37495,"navigation":421,"path":37496,"seo":37497,"stem":37498,"__hash__":37499},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35678,"toc":37463},[35679,35685,35690,35693,35701,35707,35709,35789,35791,35817,35822,35827,35832,35835,35846,35849,35851,35930,35932,35958,35965,35967,35969,35994,35997,36010,36015,36017,36096,36098,36124,36133,36138,36146,36152,36159,36162,36164,36243,36246,36303,36305,36342,36348,36353,36358,36361,36375,36377,36480,36482,36525,36534,36544,36551,36557,36564,36647,36649,36672,36675,36678,36680,36684,36688,36691,36754,36777,36780,36784,36790,36792,36859,36862,36939,36944,36950,36953,36956,37001,37003,37027,37032,37036,37041,37047,37110,37113,37115,37118,37143,37146,37281,37283,37384,37386,37391,37394,37400,37410,37418,37423,37429,37435,37437,37460],[10,35680,1875,35682,3541],{"id":35681},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,35683,35684],{},"enumerate()",[20,35686,35687,35689],{},[15,35688,35684],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,35691,35692],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[30,35694,35695,35698],{},[33,35696,35697],{},"the item itself",[33,35699,35700],{},"its index in the loop",[20,35702,35703,35704,35706],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,35705,35684],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[46,35708,1972],{"id":1971},[51,35710,35712],{"className":53,"code":35711,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,35713,35714,35746,35750,35773],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,35715,35716,35718,35720,35722,35724,35726,35728,35730,35732,35734,35736,35738,35740,35742,35744],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,35717,377],{"class":66},[60,35719,71],{"class":70},[60,35721,75],{"class":74},[60,35723,256],{"class":255},[60,35725,386],{"class":259},[60,35727,256],{"class":255},[60,35729,82],{"class":74},[60,35731,267],{"class":255},[60,35733,404],{"class":259},[60,35735,256],{"class":255},[60,35737,82],{"class":74},[60,35739,267],{"class":255},[60,35741,395],{"class":259},[60,35743,256],{"class":255},[60,35745,101],{"class":74},[60,35747,35748],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,35749,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,35751,35752,35754,35757,35759,35762,35764,35767,35769,35771],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,35753,1702],{"class":1537},[60,35755,35756],{"class":66}," index",[60,35758,82],{"class":74},[60,35760,35761],{"class":66}," color ",[60,35763,511],{"class":1537},[60,35765,35766],{"class":134}," enumerate",[60,35768,122],{"class":74},[60,35770,431],{"class":118},[60,35772,8281],{"class":74},[60,35774,35775,35777,35779,35782,35784,35787],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,35776,1718],{"class":134},[60,35778,122],{"class":74},[60,35780,35781],{"class":118},"index",[60,35783,82],{"class":74},[60,35785,35786],{"class":118}," color",[60,35788,128],{"class":74},[20,35790,318],{},[51,35792,35794],{"className":53,"code":35793,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,35795,35796,35803,35810],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,35797,35798,35800],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,35799,195],{"class":78},[60,35801,35802],{"class":66}," red\n",[60,35804,35805,35807],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,35806,79],{"class":78},[60,35808,35809],{"class":66}," green\n",[60,35811,35812,35814],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,35813,125],{"class":78},[60,35815,35816],{"class":66}," blue\n",[20,35818,150,35819,35821],{},[15,35820,35684],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[46,35823,158,35825,161],{"id":35824},"what-enumerate-does",[15,35826,35684],{},[20,35828,35829,35831],{},[15,35830,35684],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,35833,35834],{},"It is commonly used with:",[30,35836,35837,35839,35841,35843],{},[33,35838,5247],{},[33,35840,5250],{},[33,35842,5256],{},[33,35844,35845],{},"other iterable objects",[20,35847,35848],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,35850,238],{},[51,35852,35854],{"className":53,"code":35853,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,35855,35856,35890,35894,35915],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,35857,35858,35860,35862,35864,35866,35868,35870,35872,35874,35877,35879,35881,35883,35886,35888],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,35859,1559],{"class":66},[60,35861,71],{"class":70},[60,35863,75],{"class":74},[60,35865,256],{"class":255},[60,35867,12817],{"class":259},[60,35869,256],{"class":255},[60,35871,82],{"class":74},[60,35873,267],{"class":255},[60,35875,35876],{"class":259},"Ben",[60,35878,256],{"class":255},[60,35880,82],{"class":74},[60,35882,267],{"class":255},[60,35884,35885],{"class":259},"Cara",[60,35887,256],{"class":255},[60,35889,101],{"class":74},[60,35891,35892],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,35893,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,35895,35896,35898,35900,35902,35905,35907,35909,35911,35913],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,35897,1702],{"class":1537},[60,35899,35756],{"class":66},[60,35901,82],{"class":74},[60,35903,35904],{"class":66}," name ",[60,35906,511],{"class":1537},[60,35908,35766],{"class":134},[60,35910,122],{"class":74},[60,35912,1599],{"class":118},[60,35914,8281],{"class":74},[60,35916,35917,35919,35921,35923,35925,35928],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,35918,1718],{"class":134},[60,35920,122],{"class":74},[60,35922,35781],{"class":118},[60,35924,82],{"class":74},[60,35926,35927],{"class":118}," name",[60,35929,128],{"class":74},[20,35931,318],{},[51,35933,35935],{"className":53,"code":35934,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,35936,35937,35944,35951],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,35938,35939,35941],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,35940,195],{"class":78},[60,35942,35943],{"class":66}," Ana\n",[60,35945,35946,35948],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,35947,79],{"class":78},[60,35949,35950],{"class":66}," Ben\n",[60,35952,35953,35955],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,35954,125],{"class":78},[60,35956,35957],{"class":66}," Cara\n",[20,35959,35960,35961,115],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[260,35962,35964],{"href":35963},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[46,35966,199],{"id":198},[20,35968,202],{},[51,35970,35972],{"className":53,"code":35971,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,35973,35974],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,35975,35976,35979,35981,35983,35985,35988,35990,35992],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,35977,35978],{"class":134},"enumerate",[60,35980,122],{"class":74},[60,35982,3675],{"class":118},[60,35984,82],{"class":74},[60,35986,35987],{"class":9110}," start",[60,35989,71],{"class":70},[60,35991,195],{"class":78},[60,35993,128],{"class":74},[20,35995,35996],{},"It has two parts:",[30,35998,35999,36004],{},[33,36000,36001,36003],{},[15,36002,3675],{},": the object you want to loop through",[33,36005,36006,36009],{},[15,36007,36008],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[20,36011,36012,36013,115],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,36014,195],{},[20,36016,238],{},[51,36018,36020],{"className":53,"code":36019,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,36021,36022,36054,36058,36080],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,36023,36024,36026,36028,36030,36032,36034,36036,36038,36040,36042,36044,36046,36048,36050,36052],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,36025,248],{"class":66},[60,36027,71],{"class":70},[60,36029,75],{"class":74},[60,36031,256],{"class":255},[60,36033,260],{"class":259},[60,36035,256],{"class":255},[60,36037,82],{"class":74},[60,36039,267],{"class":255},[60,36041,270],{"class":259},[60,36043,256],{"class":255},[60,36045,82],{"class":74},[60,36047,267],{"class":255},[60,36049,287],{"class":259},[60,36051,256],{"class":255},[60,36053,101],{"class":74},[60,36055,36056],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,36057,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,36059,36060,36062,36065,36067,36070,36072,36074,36076,36078],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,36061,1702],{"class":1537},[60,36063,36064],{"class":66}," i",[60,36066,82],{"class":74},[60,36068,36069],{"class":66}," letter ",[60,36071,511],{"class":1537},[60,36073,35766],{"class":134},[60,36075,122],{"class":74},[60,36077,300],{"class":118},[60,36079,8281],{"class":74},[60,36081,36082,36084,36086,36089,36091,36094],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,36083,1718],{"class":134},[60,36085,122],{"class":74},[60,36087,36088],{"class":118},"i",[60,36090,82],{"class":74},[60,36092,36093],{"class":118}," letter",[60,36095,128],{"class":74},[20,36097,318],{},[51,36099,36101],{"className":53,"code":36100,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,36102,36103,36110,36117],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,36104,36105,36107],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,36106,195],{"class":78},[60,36108,36109],{"class":66}," a\n",[60,36111,36112,36114],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,36113,79],{"class":78},[60,36115,36116],{"class":66}," b\n",[60,36118,36119,36121],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,36120,125],{"class":78},[60,36122,36123],{"class":66}," c\n",[20,36125,36126,36127,115],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[260,36128,1875,36130,3471],{"href":36129},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,36131,36132],{},"range()",[46,36134,158,36136,11642],{"id":36135},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,36137,35684],{},[20,36139,36140,36142,36143,115],{},[15,36141,35684],{}," returns an ",[3698,36144,36145],{},"enumerate object",[20,36147,36148,36149,36151],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,36150,1702],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[30,36153,36154],{},[33,36155,36156],{},[15,36157,36158],{},"(index, item)",[20,36160,36161],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,36163,238],{},[51,36165,36167],{"className":53,"code":36166,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,36168,36169,36202,36206,36228],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,36170,36171,36174,36176,36178,36180,36182,36184,36186,36188,36190,36192,36194,36196,36198,36200],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,36172,36173],{"class":66},"fruits ",[60,36175,71],{"class":70},[60,36177,75],{"class":74},[60,36179,256],{"class":255},[60,36181,575],{"class":259},[60,36183,256],{"class":255},[60,36185,82],{"class":74},[60,36187,267],{"class":255},[60,36189,1392],{"class":259},[60,36191,256],{"class":255},[60,36193,82],{"class":74},[60,36195,267],{"class":255},[60,36197,33154],{"class":259},[60,36199,256],{"class":255},[60,36201,101],{"class":74},[60,36203,36204],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,36205,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,36207,36208,36210,36212,36214,36217,36219,36221,36223,36226],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,36209,1702],{"class":1537},[60,36211,35756],{"class":66},[60,36213,82],{"class":74},[60,36215,36216],{"class":66}," fruit ",[60,36218,511],{"class":1537},[60,36220,35766],{"class":134},[60,36222,122],{"class":74},[60,36224,36225],{"class":118},"fruits",[60,36227,8281],{"class":74},[60,36229,36230,36232,36234,36236,36238,36241],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,36231,1718],{"class":134},[60,36233,122],{"class":74},[60,36235,35781],{"class":118},[60,36237,82],{"class":74},[60,36239,36240],{"class":118}," fruit",[60,36242,128],{"class":74},[20,36244,36245],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[51,36247,36249],{"className":53,"code":36248,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,36250,36251,36271,36275,36293],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,36252,36253,36255,36257,36259,36261,36263,36265,36267,36269],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,36254,67],{"class":66},[60,36256,71],{"class":70},[60,36258,75],{"class":74},[60,36260,873],{"class":78},[60,36262,82],{"class":74},[60,36264,878],{"class":78},[60,36266,82],{"class":74},[60,36268,888],{"class":78},[60,36270,101],{"class":74},[60,36272,36273],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,36274,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,36276,36277,36279,36281,36283,36285,36287,36289,36291],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,36278,107],{"class":66},[60,36280,71],{"class":70},[60,36282,22492],{"class":1656},[60,36284,122],{"class":74},[60,36286,35978],{"class":134},[60,36288,122],{"class":74},[60,36290,1506],{"class":118},[60,36292,315],{"class":74},[60,36294,36295,36297,36299,36301],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,36296,135],{"class":134},[60,36298,122],{"class":74},[60,36300,140],{"class":118},[60,36302,128],{"class":74},[20,36304,318],{},[51,36306,36308],{"className":53,"code":36307,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,36309,36310],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,36311,36312,36314,36316,36318,36320,36322,36324,36326,36328,36330,36332,36334,36336,36338,36340],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,36313,21673],{"class":74},[60,36315,195],{"class":78},[60,36317,82],{"class":74},[60,36319,883],{"class":78},[60,36321,9168],{"class":74},[60,36323,9171],{"class":74},[60,36325,79],{"class":78},[60,36327,82],{"class":74},[60,36329,878],{"class":78},[60,36331,9168],{"class":74},[60,36333,9171],{"class":74},[60,36335,125],{"class":78},[60,36337,82],{"class":74},[60,36339,888],{"class":78},[60,36341,9184],{"class":74},[20,36343,36344,36345,36347],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,36346,35684],{}," produces.",[46,36349,1221,36351],{"id":36350},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,36352,35684],{},[20,36354,150,36355,36357],{},[15,36356,35684],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,36359,36360],{},"Common cases:",[30,36362,36363,36366,36369,36372],{},[33,36364,36365],{},"printing numbered output",[33,36367,36368],{},"building menus",[33,36370,36371],{},"showing positions in a list",[33,36373,36374],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,36376,238],{},[51,36378,36380],{"className":53,"code":36379,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,36381,36382,36417,36421,36451],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,36383,36384,36386,36388,36390,36392,36395,36397,36399,36401,36404,36406,36408,36410,36413,36415],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,36385,29829],{"class":66},[60,36387,71],{"class":70},[60,36389,75],{"class":74},[60,36391,256],{"class":255},[60,36393,36394],{"class":259},"Wash dishes",[60,36396,256],{"class":255},[60,36398,82],{"class":74},[60,36400,267],{"class":255},[60,36402,36403],{"class":259},"Study Python",[60,36405,256],{"class":255},[60,36407,82],{"class":74},[60,36409,267],{"class":255},[60,36411,36412],{"class":259},"Go for a walk",[60,36414,256],{"class":255},[60,36416,101],{"class":74},[60,36418,36419],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,36420,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,36422,36423,36425,36427,36429,36432,36434,36436,36438,36441,36443,36445,36447,36449],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,36424,1702],{"class":1537},[60,36426,2162],{"class":66},[60,36428,82],{"class":74},[60,36430,36431],{"class":66}," task ",[60,36433,511],{"class":1537},[60,36435,35766],{"class":134},[60,36437,122],{"class":74},[60,36439,36440],{"class":118},"tasks",[60,36442,82],{"class":74},[60,36444,35987],{"class":9110},[60,36446,71],{"class":70},[60,36448,79],{"class":78},[60,36450,8281],{"class":74},[60,36452,36453,36455,36457,36459,36461,36463,36465,36467,36469,36471,36474,36476,36478],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,36454,1718],{"class":134},[60,36456,122],{"class":74},[60,36458,22227],{"class":2033},[60,36460,256],{"class":259},[60,36462,9213],{"class":78},[60,36464,2204],{"class":118},[60,36466,22236],{"class":78},[60,36468,28246],{"class":259},[60,36470,9213],{"class":78},[60,36472,36473],{"class":118},"task",[60,36475,22236],{"class":78},[60,36477,256],{"class":259},[60,36479,128],{"class":74},[20,36481,318],{},[51,36483,36485],{"className":53,"code":36484,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,36486,36487,36499,36511],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,36488,36489,36491,36493,36496],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,36490,79],{"class":78},[60,36492,115],{"class":74},[60,36494,36495],{"class":24682}," Wash",[60,36497,36498],{"class":66}," dishes\n",[60,36500,36501,36503,36505,36508],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,36502,125],{"class":78},[60,36504,115],{"class":74},[60,36506,36507],{"class":24682}," Study",[60,36509,36510],{"class":66}," Python\n",[60,36512,36513,36515,36517,36520,36522],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,36514,189],{"class":78},[60,36516,115],{"class":74},[60,36518,36519],{"class":24682}," Go",[60,36521,3832],{"class":1537},[60,36523,36524],{"class":66}," a walk\n",[20,36526,36527,36528,36530,36531,115],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,36529,35684],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,36532,36533],{},"range(len(...))",[20,36535,36536,36537,115],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[260,36538,36540,36541,36543],{"href":36539},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,36542,35684],{}," in Python",[46,36545,36547,36548,36550],{"id":36546},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,36549,36008],{}," argument",[20,36552,36553,36554,36556],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,36555,36008],{}," argument.",[20,36558,36559,36560,11028,36562,166],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,36561,79],{},[15,36563,195],{},[51,36565,36567],{"className":53,"code":36566,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36568,36569,36601,36605,36633],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,36570,36571,36573,36575,36577,36579,36581,36583,36585,36587,36589,36591,36593,36595,36597,36599],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,36572,377],{"class":66},[60,36574,71],{"class":70},[60,36576,75],{"class":74},[60,36578,256],{"class":255},[60,36580,386],{"class":259},[60,36582,256],{"class":255},[60,36584,82],{"class":74},[60,36586,267],{"class":255},[60,36588,404],{"class":259},[60,36590,256],{"class":255},[60,36592,82],{"class":74},[60,36594,267],{"class":255},[60,36596,395],{"class":259},[60,36598,256],{"class":255},[60,36600,101],{"class":74},[60,36602,36603],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,36604,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,36606,36607,36609,36611,36613,36615,36617,36619,36621,36623,36625,36627,36629,36631],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,36608,1702],{"class":1537},[60,36610,35756],{"class":66},[60,36612,82],{"class":74},[60,36614,35761],{"class":66},[60,36616,511],{"class":1537},[60,36618,35766],{"class":134},[60,36620,122],{"class":74},[60,36622,431],{"class":118},[60,36624,82],{"class":74},[60,36626,35987],{"class":9110},[60,36628,71],{"class":70},[60,36630,79],{"class":78},[60,36632,8281],{"class":74},[60,36634,36635,36637,36639,36641,36643,36645],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,36636,1718],{"class":134},[60,36638,122],{"class":74},[60,36640,35781],{"class":118},[60,36642,82],{"class":74},[60,36644,35786],{"class":118},[60,36646,128],{"class":74},[20,36648,318],{},[51,36650,36652],{"className":53,"code":36651,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,36653,36654,36660,36666],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,36655,36656,36658],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,36657,79],{"class":78},[60,36659,35802],{"class":66},[60,36661,36662,36664],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,36663,125],{"class":78},[60,36665,35809],{"class":66},[60,36667,36668,36670],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,36669,189],{"class":78},[60,36671,35816],{"class":66},[20,36673,36674],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,36676,36677],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[46,36679,25290],{"id":25289},[20,36681,25293,36682,115],{},[15,36683,35684],{},[553,36685,36687],{"id":36686},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,36689,36690],{},"In this loop:",[51,36692,36694],{"className":53,"code":36693,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,36695,36696,36716,36720,36740],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,36697,36698,36700,36702,36704,36706,36708,36710,36712,36714],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,36699,67],{"class":66},[60,36701,71],{"class":70},[60,36703,75],{"class":74},[60,36705,873],{"class":78},[60,36707,82],{"class":74},[60,36709,878],{"class":78},[60,36711,82],{"class":74},[60,36713,888],{"class":78},[60,36715,101],{"class":74},[60,36717,36718],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,36719,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,36721,36722,36724,36726,36728,36730,36732,36734,36736,36738],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,36723,1702],{"class":1537},[60,36725,35756],{"class":66},[60,36727,82],{"class":74},[60,36729,21517],{"class":66},[60,36731,511],{"class":1537},[60,36733,35766],{"class":134},[60,36735,122],{"class":74},[60,36737,1506],{"class":118},[60,36739,8281],{"class":74},[60,36741,36742,36744,36746,36748,36750,36752],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,36743,1718],{"class":134},[60,36745,122],{"class":74},[60,36747,35781],{"class":118},[60,36749,82],{"class":74},[60,36751,8372],{"class":118},[60,36753,128],{"class":74},[30,36755,36756,36766],{},[33,36757,36758,4733,36760,2154,36762,2154,36764],{},[15,36759,35781],{},[15,36761,195],{},[15,36763,79],{},[15,36765,125],{},[33,36767,36768,4733,36770,2154,36772,2154,36774],{},[15,36769,221],{},[15,36771,873],{},[15,36773,15689],{},[15,36775,36776],{},"30",[20,36778,36779],{},"These are different things.",[553,36781,36783],{"id":36782},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,36785,36786,36787,36789],{},"Each item from ",[15,36788,35684],{}," is a pair.",[20,36791,6630],{},[51,36793,36795],{"className":53,"code":36794,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,36796,36797,36821,36825,36845],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,36798,36799,36801,36803,36805,36807,36809,36811,36813,36815,36817,36819],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,36800,777],{"class":66},[60,36802,71],{"class":70},[60,36804,75],{"class":74},[60,36806,256],{"class":255},[60,36808,2139],{"class":259},[60,36810,256],{"class":255},[60,36812,82],{"class":74},[60,36814,267],{"class":255},[60,36816,11682],{"class":259},[60,36818,256],{"class":255},[60,36820,101],{"class":74},[60,36822,36823],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,36824,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,36826,36827,36829,36831,36833,36835,36837,36839,36841,36843],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,36828,1702],{"class":1537},[60,36830,36064],{"class":66},[60,36832,82],{"class":74},[60,36834,1705],{"class":66},[60,36836,511],{"class":1537},[60,36838,35766],{"class":134},[60,36840,122],{"class":74},[60,36842,828],{"class":118},[60,36844,8281],{"class":74},[60,36846,36847,36849,36851,36853,36855,36857],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,36848,1718],{"class":134},[60,36850,122],{"class":74},[60,36852,36088],{"class":118},[60,36854,82],{"class":74},[60,36856,29439],{"class":118},[60,36858,128],{"class":74},[20,36860,36861],{},"But this causes an error:",[51,36863,36865],{"className":53,"code":36864,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,36866,36867,36891,36895,36920],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,36868,36869,36871,36873,36875,36877,36879,36881,36883,36885,36887,36889],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,36870,777],{"class":66},[60,36872,71],{"class":70},[60,36874,75],{"class":74},[60,36876,256],{"class":255},[60,36878,2139],{"class":259},[60,36880,256],{"class":255},[60,36882,82],{"class":74},[60,36884,267],{"class":255},[60,36886,11682],{"class":259},[60,36888,256],{"class":255},[60,36890,101],{"class":74},[60,36892,36893],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,36894,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,36896,36897,36899,36901,36903,36905,36907,36910,36912,36914,36916,36918],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,36898,1702],{"class":1537},[60,36900,36064],{"class":66},[60,36902,82],{"class":74},[60,36904,29439],{"class":66},[60,36906,82],{"class":74},[60,36908,36909],{"class":66}," extra ",[60,36911,511],{"class":1537},[60,36913,35766],{"class":134},[60,36915,122],{"class":74},[60,36917,828],{"class":118},[60,36919,8281],{"class":74},[60,36921,36922,36924,36926,36928,36930,36932,36934,36937],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,36923,1718],{"class":134},[60,36925,122],{"class":74},[60,36927,36088],{"class":118},[60,36929,82],{"class":74},[60,36931,29439],{"class":118},[60,36933,82],{"class":74},[60,36935,36936],{"class":118}," extra",[60,36938,128],{"class":74},[20,36940,1438,36941,36943],{},[15,36942,35684],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[553,36945,36947,36949],{"id":36946},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,36948,35684],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,36951,36952],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,36954,36955],{},"Example with a string:",[51,36957,36959],{"className":53,"code":36958,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,36960,36961,36986],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,36962,36963,36965,36967,36969,36972,36974,36976,36978,36980,36982,36984],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,36964,1702],{"class":1537},[60,36966,35756],{"class":66},[60,36968,82],{"class":74},[60,36970,36971],{"class":66}," char ",[60,36973,511],{"class":1537},[60,36975,35766],{"class":134},[60,36977,122],{"class":74},[60,36979,256],{"class":255},[60,36981,959],{"class":259},[60,36983,256],{"class":255},[60,36985,8281],{"class":74},[60,36987,36988,36990,36992,36994,36996,36999],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,36989,1718],{"class":134},[60,36991,122],{"class":74},[60,36993,35781],{"class":118},[60,36995,82],{"class":74},[60,36997,36998],{"class":118}," char",[60,37000,128],{"class":74},[20,37002,318],{},[51,37004,37006],{"className":53,"code":37005,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,37007,37008,37014,37020],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,37009,37010,37012],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,37011,195],{"class":78},[60,37013,36123],{"class":66},[60,37015,37016,37018],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,37017,79],{"class":78},[60,37019,36109],{"class":66},[60,37021,37022,37024],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,37023,125],{"class":78},[60,37025,37026],{"class":66}," t\n",[20,37028,37029,37030,115],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[260,37031,5084],{"href":5532},[553,37033,37035],{"id":37034},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,37037,37038,37039,115],{},"You do not always need ",[15,37040,35684],{},[20,37042,37043,37044,37046],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,37045,1702],{}," loop:",[51,37048,37050],{"className":53,"code":37049,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,37051,37052,37084,37088,37100],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,37053,37054,37056,37058,37060,37062,37064,37066,37068,37070,37072,37074,37076,37078,37080,37082],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,37055,377],{"class":66},[60,37057,71],{"class":70},[60,37059,75],{"class":74},[60,37061,256],{"class":255},[60,37063,386],{"class":259},[60,37065,256],{"class":255},[60,37067,82],{"class":74},[60,37069,267],{"class":255},[60,37071,404],{"class":259},[60,37073,256],{"class":255},[60,37075,82],{"class":74},[60,37077,267],{"class":255},[60,37079,395],{"class":259},[60,37081,256],{"class":255},[60,37083,101],{"class":74},[60,37085,37086],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,37087,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,37089,37090,37092,37094,37096,37098],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,37091,1702],{"class":1537},[60,37093,35761],{"class":66},[60,37095,511],{"class":1537},[60,37097,13058],{"class":66},[60,37099,1712],{"class":74},[60,37101,37102,37104,37106,37108],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,37103,1718],{"class":134},[60,37105,122],{"class":74},[60,37107,32824],{"class":118},[60,37109,128],{"class":74},[20,37111,37112],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[46,37114,1351],{"id":1350},[20,37116,37117],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[30,37119,37120,37125,37131,37136],{},[33,37121,23033,37122,37124],{},[15,37123,35684],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[33,37126,37127,37128,37130],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,37129,195],{}," by default",[33,37132,8356,37133,37135],{},[15,37134,35684],{}," when only values are needed",[33,37137,37138,37139,8640,37141],{},"Confusing ",[15,37140,35684],{},[15,37142,36132],{},[20,37144,37145],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[51,37147,37149],{"className":53,"code":37148,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,37150,37151,37173,37200,37234,37267],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,37152,37153,37155,37157,37159,37161,37163,37165,37167,37169,37171],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,37154,135],{"class":134},[60,37156,122],{"class":74},[60,37158,35978],{"class":134},[60,37160,835],{"class":74},[60,37162,873],{"class":78},[60,37164,82],{"class":74},[60,37166,878],{"class":78},[60,37168,82],{"class":74},[60,37170,888],{"class":78},[60,37172,2958],{"class":74},[60,37174,37175,37177,37179,37181,37183,37185,37187,37189,37191,37193,37195,37197],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,37176,135],{"class":134},[60,37178,122],{"class":74},[60,37180,8033],{"class":1656},[60,37182,122],{"class":74},[60,37184,35978],{"class":134},[60,37186,835],{"class":74},[60,37188,873],{"class":78},[60,37190,82],{"class":74},[60,37192,878],{"class":78},[60,37194,82],{"class":74},[60,37196,888],{"class":78},[60,37198,37199],{"class":74},"])))\n",[60,37201,37202,37204,37206,37208,37210,37212,37214,37216,37218,37220,37222,37224,37226,37228,37230,37232],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,37203,135],{"class":134},[60,37205,122],{"class":74},[60,37207,8033],{"class":1656},[60,37209,122],{"class":74},[60,37211,35978],{"class":134},[60,37213,835],{"class":74},[60,37215,873],{"class":78},[60,37217,82],{"class":74},[60,37219,878],{"class":78},[60,37221,82],{"class":74},[60,37223,888],{"class":78},[60,37225,791],{"class":74},[60,37227,35987],{"class":9110},[60,37229,71],{"class":70},[60,37231,79],{"class":78},[60,37233,2872],{"class":74},[60,37235,37236,37238,37240,37242,37244,37246,37248,37250,37252,37254,37256,37258,37260,37262,37264],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,37237,1702],{"class":1537},[60,37239,36064],{"class":66},[60,37241,82],{"class":74},[60,37243,21517],{"class":66},[60,37245,511],{"class":1537},[60,37247,35766],{"class":134},[60,37249,835],{"class":74},[60,37251,3261],{"class":255},[60,37253,260],{"class":259},[60,37255,3261],{"class":255},[60,37257,82],{"class":74},[60,37259,3256],{"class":255},[60,37261,270],{"class":259},[60,37263,3261],{"class":255},[60,37265,37266],{"class":74},"]):\n",[60,37268,37269,37271,37273,37275,37277,37279],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,37270,1718],{"class":134},[60,37272,122],{"class":74},[60,37274,36088],{"class":118},[60,37276,82],{"class":74},[60,37278,8372],{"class":118},[60,37280,128],{"class":74},[20,37282,16894],{},[51,37284,37286],{"className":53,"code":37285,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,37287,37288,37308,37340,37372,37378],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,37289,37290,37292,37294,37296,37299,37303,37306],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,37291,3250],{"class":70},[60,37293,35978],{"class":134},[60,37295,24549],{"class":1656},[60,37297,37298],{"class":66}," at ",[60,37300,37302],{"class":37301},"srjyR","0x",[60,37304,37305],{"class":34386},"...",[60,37307,3264],{"class":70},[60,37309,37310,37312,37314,37316,37318,37320,37322,37324,37326,37328,37330,37332,37334,37336,37338],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,37311,21673],{"class":74},[60,37313,195],{"class":78},[60,37315,82],{"class":74},[60,37317,883],{"class":78},[60,37319,9168],{"class":74},[60,37321,9171],{"class":74},[60,37323,79],{"class":78},[60,37325,82],{"class":74},[60,37327,878],{"class":78},[60,37329,9168],{"class":74},[60,37331,9171],{"class":74},[60,37333,125],{"class":78},[60,37335,82],{"class":74},[60,37337,888],{"class":78},[60,37339,9184],{"class":74},[60,37341,37342,37344,37346,37348,37350,37352,37354,37356,37358,37360,37362,37364,37366,37368,37370],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,37343,21673],{"class":74},[60,37345,79],{"class":78},[60,37347,82],{"class":74},[60,37349,883],{"class":78},[60,37351,9168],{"class":74},[60,37353,9171],{"class":74},[60,37355,125],{"class":78},[60,37357,82],{"class":74},[60,37359,878],{"class":78},[60,37361,9168],{"class":74},[60,37363,9171],{"class":74},[60,37365,189],{"class":78},[60,37367,82],{"class":74},[60,37369,888],{"class":78},[60,37371,9184],{"class":74},[60,37373,37374,37376],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,37375,195],{"class":78},[60,37377,36109],{"class":66},[60,37379,37380,37382],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,37381,79],{"class":78},[60,37383,36116],{"class":66},[46,37385,1773],{"id":1772},[553,37387,5090,37389,5093],{"id":37388},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,37390,35684],{},[20,37392,37393],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[553,37395,1777,37397,37399],{"id":37396},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,37398,35684],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,37401,37402,37403,37405,37406,37409],{},"It starts at ",[15,37404,195],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,37407,37408],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[553,37411,21353,37413,11028,37415,1435],{"id":37412},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,37414,35684],{},[15,37416,37417],{},"range(len(list))",[20,37419,36527,37420,37422],{},[15,37421,35684],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[553,37424,1796,37426,37428],{"id":37425},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,37427,35684],{}," be used with strings?",[20,37430,37431,37432,37434],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,37433,35684],{}," can return each character with its index.",[46,37436,1842],{"id":1841},[30,37438,37439,37443,37449,37456],{},[33,37440,37441],{},[260,37442,35964],{"href":35963},[33,37444,37445],{},[260,37446,1875,37447,3471],{"href":36129},[15,37448,36132],{},[33,37450,37451],{},[260,37452,37453,37454,36543],{"href":36539},"How to use ",[15,37455,35684],{},[33,37457,37458],{},[260,37459,5163],{"href":5532},[1885,37461,37462],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":37464},[37465,37466,37468,37469,37471,37473,37475,37482,37483,37493],{"id":1971,"depth":104,"text":1972},{"id":35824,"depth":104,"text":37467},"What enumerate() does",{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199},{"id":36135,"depth":104,"text":37470},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36350,"depth":104,"text":37472},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36546,"depth":104,"text":37474},"Using the start argument",{"id":25289,"depth":104,"text":25290,"children":37476},[37477,37478,37479,37481],{"id":36686,"depth":131,"text":36687},{"id":36782,"depth":131,"text":36783},{"id":36946,"depth":131,"text":37480},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":37034,"depth":131,"text":37035},{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":37484},[37485,37487,37489,37491],{"id":37388,"depth":131,"text":37486},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37396,"depth":131,"text":37488},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37412,"depth":131,"text":37490},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37425,"depth":131,"text":37492},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35676,"description":37494},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37501,"title":37502,"body":37503,"description":40017,"extension":1930,"meta":40018,"navigation":421,"path":40019,"seo":40020,"stem":40021,"__hash__":40022},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37504,"toc":39974},[37505,37511,37516,37519,37527,37541,37543,37634,37642,37647,37652,37654,37670,37672,37751,37753,37770,37776,37780,37782,37803,37807,37810,37822,37826,37829,37832,37849,37852,37928,37930,37947,37952,37954,37962,37965,37980,37982,38071,38073,38118,38121,38125,38128,38207,38209,38231,38234,38241,38246,38249,38352,38354,38379,38382,38389,38395,38400,38403,38414,38520,38522,38543,38551,38558,38564,38583,38588,38591,38610,38612,38697,38699,38728,38731,38736,38741,38744,38755,38757,38846,38848,38868,38874,38980,38982,39002,39005,39089,39091,39111,39118,39120,39124,39130,39133,39190,39193,39196,39257,39266,39269,39272,39300,39303,39363,39365,39382,39386,39389,39467,39469,39489,39492,39567,39571,39574,39576,39585,39590,39592,39643,39651,39663,39668,39729,39731,39748,39752,39815,39817,39842,39850,39852,39858,39864,39871,39879,39885,39888,39895,39905,39911,39917,39920,39937,39943,39945,39971],[10,37506,1875,37508,3541],{"id":37507},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,37509,37510],{},"filter()",[20,37512,37513,37515],{},[15,37514,37510],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,37517,37518],{},"It takes:",[30,37520,37521,37524],{},[33,37522,37523],{},"a function that checks each item",[33,37525,37526],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,37528,37529,37530,37533,37534,37537,37538,37540],{},"The result is ",[3698,37531,37532],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,37535,37536],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,37539,24713],{}," to see the values.",[46,37542,1972],{"id":1971},[51,37544,37546],{"className":53,"code":37545,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37547,37548,37581,37617],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,37549,37550,37552,37554,37556,37558,37560,37562,37564,37566,37568,37570,37572,37574,37576,37579],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,37551,67],{"class":66},[60,37553,71],{"class":70},[60,37555,75],{"class":74},[60,37557,79],{"class":78},[60,37559,82],{"class":74},[60,37561,85],{"class":78},[60,37563,82],{"class":74},[60,37565,94],{"class":78},[60,37567,82],{"class":74},[60,37569,800],{"class":78},[60,37571,82],{"class":74},[60,37573,4555],{"class":78},[60,37575,82],{"class":74},[60,37577,37578],{"class":78}," 6",[60,37580,101],{"class":74},[60,37582,37583,37585,37587,37590,37592,37595,37599,37601,37603,37605,37607,37609,37611,37613,37615],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,37584,107],{"class":66},[60,37586,71],{"class":70},[60,37588,37589],{"class":134}," filter",[60,37591,122],{"class":74},[60,37593,37594],{"class":2033},"lambda",[60,37596,37598],{"class":37597},"sFwrP"," x",[60,37600,166],{"class":74},[60,37602,3835],{"class":118},[60,37604,6344],{"class":70},[60,37606,85],{"class":78},[60,37608,6349],{"class":70},[60,37610,3789],{"class":78},[60,37612,82],{"class":74},[60,37614,112],{"class":118},[60,37616,128],{"class":74},[60,37618,37619,37621,37623,37625,37627,37629,37631],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,37620,135],{"class":134},[60,37622,122],{"class":74},[60,37624,8033],{"class":1656},[60,37626,122],{"class":74},[60,37628,140],{"class":118},[60,37630,446],{"class":74},[60,37632,37633],{"class":146},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,37635,37636,37638,37639,37641],{},[15,37637,37510],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37640,24713],{}," to see the results.",[46,37643,158,37645,161],{"id":37644},"what-filter-does",[15,37646,37510],{},[20,37648,37649,37651],{},[15,37650,37510],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,37653,2075],{},[30,37655,37656,37659,37665],{},[33,37657,37658],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[33,37660,37661,37662,37664],{},"if the test returns ",[15,37663,547],{},", the item is kept",[33,37666,37661,37667,37669],{},[15,37668,1463],{},", the item is removed",[20,37671,238],{},[51,37673,37675],{"className":53,"code":37674,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37676,37677,37705,37709,37737],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,37678,37679,37681,37683,37685,37687,37689,37691,37693,37695,37697,37699,37701,37703],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,37680,67],{"class":66},[60,37682,71],{"class":70},[60,37684,75],{"class":74},[60,37686,79],{"class":78},[60,37688,82],{"class":74},[60,37690,85],{"class":78},[60,37692,82],{"class":74},[60,37694,94],{"class":78},[60,37696,82],{"class":74},[60,37698,800],{"class":78},[60,37700,82],{"class":74},[60,37702,4555],{"class":78},[60,37704,101],{"class":74},[60,37706,37707],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,37708,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,37710,37711,37713,37715,37717,37719,37721,37723,37725,37727,37729,37731,37733,37735],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,37712,107],{"class":66},[60,37714,71],{"class":70},[60,37716,37589],{"class":134},[60,37718,122],{"class":74},[60,37720,37594],{"class":2033},[60,37722,37598],{"class":37597},[60,37724,166],{"class":74},[60,37726,3835],{"class":118},[60,37728,4203],{"class":70},[60,37730,94],{"class":78},[60,37732,82],{"class":74},[60,37734,112],{"class":118},[60,37736,128],{"class":74},[60,37738,37739,37741,37743,37745,37747,37749],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,37740,135],{"class":134},[60,37742,122],{"class":74},[60,37744,8033],{"class":1656},[60,37746,122],{"class":74},[60,37748,140],{"class":118},[60,37750,315],{"class":74},[20,37752,318],{},[51,37754,37756],{"className":53,"code":37755,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[4, 5]\n",[15,37757,37758],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,37759,37760,37762,37764,37766,37768],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,37761,3854],{"class":74},[60,37763,2465],{"class":78},[60,37765,82],{"class":74},[60,37767,4555],{"class":78},[60,37769,101],{"class":74},[20,37771,37772,37773,37775],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,37774,189],{}," are kept.",[46,37777,37779],{"id":37778},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,37781,202],{},[51,37783,37785],{"className":53,"code":37784,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,37786,37787],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,37788,37789,37791,37793,37796,37798,37801],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,37790,37536],{"class":134},[60,37792,122],{"class":74},[60,37794,37795],{"class":118},"function",[60,37797,82],{"class":74},[60,37799,37800],{"class":118}," iterable",[60,37802,128],{"class":74},[553,37804,37805],{"id":37795},[15,37806,37795],{},[20,37808,37809],{},"This is the test function.",[30,37811,37812,37815],{},[33,37813,37814],{},"It receives one item at a time",[33,37816,37817,37818,1460,37820],{},"It should return ",[15,37819,547],{},[15,37821,1463],{},[553,37823,37824],{"id":3675},[15,37825,3675],{},[20,37827,37828],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,37830,37831],{},"It can be:",[30,37833,37834,37837,37840,37843,37846],{},[33,37835,37836],{},"a list",[33,37838,37839],{},"a tuple",[33,37841,37842],{},"a string",[33,37844,37845],{},"a set",[33,37847,37848],{},"another iterable object",[20,37850,37851],{},"Example with a tuple:",[51,37853,37855],{"className":53,"code":37854,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37856,37857,37882,37886,37914],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,37858,37859,37861,37863,37865,37867,37869,37872,37874,37876,37878,37880],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,37860,67],{"class":66},[60,37862,71],{"class":70},[60,37864,9171],{"class":74},[60,37866,873],{"class":78},[60,37868,82],{"class":74},[60,37870,37871],{"class":78}," 15",[60,37873,82],{"class":74},[60,37875,878],{"class":78},[60,37877,82],{"class":74},[60,37879,9241],{"class":78},[60,37881,128],{"class":74},[60,37883,37884],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,37885,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,37887,37888,37890,37892,37894,37896,37898,37900,37902,37904,37906,37908,37910,37912],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,37889,107],{"class":66},[60,37891,71],{"class":70},[60,37893,37589],{"class":134},[60,37895,122],{"class":74},[60,37897,37594],{"class":2033},[60,37899,37598],{"class":37597},[60,37901,166],{"class":74},[60,37903,3835],{"class":118},[60,37905,5046],{"class":70},[60,37907,878],{"class":78},[60,37909,82],{"class":74},[60,37911,112],{"class":118},[60,37913,128],{"class":74},[60,37915,37916,37918,37920,37922,37924,37926],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,37917,135],{"class":134},[60,37919,122],{"class":74},[60,37921,8033],{"class":1656},[60,37923,122],{"class":74},[60,37925,140],{"class":118},[60,37927,315],{"class":74},[20,37929,318],{},[51,37931,37933],{"className":53,"code":37932,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[20, 25]\n",[15,37934,37935],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,37936,37937,37939,37941,37943,37945],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,37938,3854],{"class":74},[60,37940,15689],{"class":78},[60,37942,82],{"class":74},[60,37944,9241],{"class":78},[60,37946,101],{"class":74},[20,37948,37949,37950,115],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[260,37951,5084],{"href":5532},[46,37953,336],{"id":335},[20,37955,37956,37957,21908,37959,115],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,37958,37510],{},[3698,37960,37961],{},"filter object",[20,37963,37964],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[30,37966,37967,37970,37975],{},[33,37968,37969],{},"loop through it",[33,37971,37972,37973],{},"convert it with ",[15,37974,24713],{},[33,37976,37972,37977],{},[15,37978,37979],{},"tuple()",[20,37981,238],{},[51,37983,37985],{"className":53,"code":37984,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37986,37987,38029,38033,38043,38057],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,37988,37989,37991,37993,37995,37997,37999,38001,38003,38005,38007,38009,38011,38013,38015,38017,38019,38021,38023,38025,38027],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,37990,107],{"class":66},[60,37992,71],{"class":70},[60,37994,37589],{"class":134},[60,37996,122],{"class":74},[60,37998,37594],{"class":2033},[60,38000,37598],{"class":37597},[60,38002,166],{"class":74},[60,38004,3835],{"class":118},[60,38006,4203],{"class":70},[60,38008,85],{"class":78},[60,38010,82],{"class":74},[60,38012,75],{"class":74},[60,38014,79],{"class":78},[60,38016,82],{"class":74},[60,38018,85],{"class":78},[60,38020,82],{"class":74},[60,38022,94],{"class":78},[60,38024,82],{"class":74},[60,38026,800],{"class":78},[60,38028,1193],{"class":74},[60,38030,38031],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,38032,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,38034,38035,38037,38039,38041],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,38036,135],{"class":134},[60,38038,122],{"class":74},[60,38040,140],{"class":118},[60,38042,128],{"class":74},[60,38044,38045,38047,38049,38051,38053,38055],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,38046,135],{"class":134},[60,38048,122],{"class":74},[60,38050,1657],{"class":1656},[60,38052,122],{"class":74},[60,38054,140],{"class":118},[60,38056,315],{"class":74},[60,38058,38059,38061,38063,38065,38067,38069],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,38060,135],{"class":134},[60,38062,122],{"class":74},[60,38064,8033],{"class":1656},[60,38066,122],{"class":74},[60,38068,140],{"class":118},[60,38070,315],{"class":74},[20,38072,318],{},[51,38074,38076],{"className":53,"code":38075,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,38077,38078,38092,38106],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,38079,38080,38082,38084,38086,38088,38090],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,38081,3250],{"class":70},[60,38083,37536],{"class":134},[60,38085,24549],{"class":1656},[60,38087,37298],{"class":66},[60,38089,37305],{"class":34386},[60,38091,3264],{"class":70},[60,38093,38094,38096,38098,38100,38102,38104],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,38095,3250],{"class":70},[60,38097,3253],{"class":2033},[60,38099,3256],{"class":255},[60,38101,37536],{"class":259},[60,38103,3261],{"class":255},[60,38105,3264],{"class":70},[60,38107,38108,38110,38112,38114,38116],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,38109,3854],{"class":74},[60,38111,189],{"class":78},[60,38113,82],{"class":74},[60,38115,800],{"class":78},[60,38117,101],{"class":74},[20,38119,38120],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[553,38122,38124],{"id":38123},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,38126,38127],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[51,38129,38131],{"className":53,"code":38130,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38132,38133,38175,38179,38193],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,38134,38135,38137,38139,38141,38143,38145,38147,38149,38151,38153,38155,38157,38159,38161,38163,38165,38167,38169,38171,38173],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,38136,107],{"class":66},[60,38138,71],{"class":70},[60,38140,37589],{"class":134},[60,38142,122],{"class":74},[60,38144,37594],{"class":2033},[60,38146,37598],{"class":37597},[60,38148,166],{"class":74},[60,38150,3835],{"class":118},[60,38152,4203],{"class":70},[60,38154,85],{"class":78},[60,38156,82],{"class":74},[60,38158,75],{"class":74},[60,38160,79],{"class":78},[60,38162,82],{"class":74},[60,38164,85],{"class":78},[60,38166,82],{"class":74},[60,38168,94],{"class":78},[60,38170,82],{"class":74},[60,38172,800],{"class":78},[60,38174,1193],{"class":74},[60,38176,38177],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,38178,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,38180,38181,38183,38185,38187,38189,38191],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,38182,135],{"class":134},[60,38184,122],{"class":74},[60,38186,8033],{"class":1656},[60,38188,122],{"class":74},[60,38190,140],{"class":118},[60,38192,315],{"class":74},[60,38194,38195,38197,38199,38201,38203,38205],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,38196,135],{"class":134},[60,38198,122],{"class":74},[60,38200,8033],{"class":1656},[60,38202,122],{"class":74},[60,38204,140],{"class":118},[60,38206,315],{"class":74},[20,38208,318],{},[51,38210,38212],{"className":53,"code":38211,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,38213,38214,38226],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,38215,38216,38218,38220,38222,38224],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,38217,3854],{"class":74},[60,38219,189],{"class":78},[60,38221,82],{"class":74},[60,38223,800],{"class":78},[60,38225,101],{"class":74},[60,38227,38228],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,38229,38230],{"class":74},"[]\n",[20,38232,38233],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[46,38235,8356,38237,8640,38239],{"id":38236},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,38238,37510],{},[15,38240,37594],{},[20,38242,15123,38243,38245],{},[15,38244,37594],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,38247,38248],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[51,38250,38252],{"className":53,"code":38251,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38253,38254,38296,38300,38338],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,38255,38256,38258,38260,38262,38264,38266,38268,38270,38272,38275,38277,38279,38281,38283,38285,38287,38289,38292,38294],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,38257,566],{"class":66},[60,38259,71],{"class":70},[60,38261,75],{"class":74},[60,38263,256],{"class":255},[60,38265,575],{"class":259},[60,38267,256],{"class":255},[60,38269,82],{"class":74},[60,38271,267],{"class":255},[60,38273,38274],{"class":259},"kiwi",[60,38276,256],{"class":255},[60,38278,82],{"class":74},[60,38280,267],{"class":255},[60,38282,1392],{"class":259},[60,38284,256],{"class":255},[60,38286,82],{"class":74},[60,38288,267],{"class":255},[60,38290,38291],{"class":259},"fig",[60,38293,256],{"class":255},[60,38295,101],{"class":74},[60,38297,38298],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,38299,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,38301,38302,38304,38306,38308,38310,38312,38315,38317,38320,38322,38325,38327,38330,38332,38334,38336],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,38303,107],{"class":66},[60,38305,71],{"class":70},[60,38307,37589],{"class":134},[60,38309,122],{"class":74},[60,38311,37594],{"class":2033},[60,38313,38314],{"class":37597}," word",[60,38316,166],{"class":74},[60,38318,38319],{"class":134}," len",[60,38321,122],{"class":74},[60,38323,38324],{"class":118},"word",[60,38326,143],{"class":74},[60,38328,38329],{"class":70}," >",[60,38331,800],{"class":78},[60,38333,82],{"class":74},[60,38335,998],{"class":118},[60,38337,128],{"class":74},[60,38339,38340,38342,38344,38346,38348,38350],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,38341,135],{"class":134},[60,38343,122],{"class":74},[60,38345,8033],{"class":1656},[60,38347,122],{"class":74},[60,38349,140],{"class":118},[60,38351,315],{"class":74},[20,38353,318],{},[51,38355,38357],{"className":53,"code":38356,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,38358,38359],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,38360,38361,38363,38365,38367,38369,38371,38373,38375,38377],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,38362,3854],{"class":74},[60,38364,3261],{"class":255},[60,38366,575],{"class":259},[60,38368,3261],{"class":255},[60,38370,82],{"class":74},[60,38372,3256],{"class":255},[60,38374,1392],{"class":259},[60,38376,3261],{"class":255},[60,38378,101],{"class":74},[20,38380,38381],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,38383,38384,38385,115],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[260,38386,38388],{"href":38387},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[46,38390,8356,38392,38394],{"id":38391},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,38393,37510],{}," with a named function",[20,38396,38397,38398,115],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,38399,37594],{},[20,38401,38402],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[30,38404,38405,38408,38411],{},[33,38406,38407],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[33,38409,38410],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[33,38412,38413],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[51,38415,38417],{"className":53,"code":38416,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38418,38419,38432,38447,38451,38483,38502,38506],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,38420,38421,38423,38426,38428,38430],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,38422,34785],{"class":2033},[60,38424,38425],{"class":34788}," is_even",[60,38427,122],{"class":74},[60,38429,2204],{"class":37597},[60,38431,8281],{"class":74},[60,38433,38434,38436,38438,38440,38442,38444],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,38435,34796],{"class":1537},[60,38437,6328],{"class":66},[60,38439,6344],{"class":70},[60,38441,85],{"class":78},[60,38443,6349],{"class":70},[60,38445,38446],{"class":78}," 0\n",[60,38448,38449],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,38450,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,38452,38453,38455,38457,38459,38461,38463,38465,38467,38469,38471,38473,38475,38477,38479,38481],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,38454,67],{"class":66},[60,38456,71],{"class":70},[60,38458,75],{"class":74},[60,38460,79],{"class":78},[60,38462,82],{"class":74},[60,38464,85],{"class":78},[60,38466,82],{"class":74},[60,38468,94],{"class":78},[60,38470,82],{"class":74},[60,38472,800],{"class":78},[60,38474,82],{"class":74},[60,38476,4555],{"class":78},[60,38478,82],{"class":74},[60,38480,37578],{"class":78},[60,38482,101],{"class":74},[60,38484,38485,38487,38489,38491,38493,38496,38498,38500],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,38486,107],{"class":66},[60,38488,71],{"class":70},[60,38490,37589],{"class":134},[60,38492,122],{"class":74},[60,38494,38495],{"class":118},"is_even",[60,38497,82],{"class":74},[60,38499,112],{"class":118},[60,38501,128],{"class":74},[60,38503,38504],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,38505,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,38507,38508,38510,38512,38514,38516,38518],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,38509,135],{"class":134},[60,38511,122],{"class":74},[60,38513,8033],{"class":1656},[60,38515,122],{"class":74},[60,38517,140],{"class":118},[60,38519,315],{"class":74},[20,38521,318],{},[51,38523,38525],{"className":53,"code":38524,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38526,38527],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,38528,38529,38531,38533,38535,38537,38539,38541],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,38530,3854],{"class":74},[60,38532,125],{"class":78},[60,38534,82],{"class":74},[60,38536,800],{"class":78},[60,38538,82],{"class":74},[60,38540,37578],{"class":78},[60,38542,101],{"class":74},[20,38544,20704,38545,2361,38548,38550],{},[15,38546,38547],{},"is_even()",[15,38549,547],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[46,38552,8356,38554,8640,38556],{"id":38553},"using-none-with-filter",[15,38555,3734],{},[15,38557,37510],{},[20,38559,38560,38561,38563],{},"You can pass ",[15,38562,3734],{}," as the first argument:",[51,38565,38567],{"className":53,"code":38566,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,38568,38569],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,38570,38571,38573,38575,38577,38579,38581],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,38572,37536],{"class":134},[60,38574,122],{"class":74},[60,38576,3734],{"class":685},[60,38578,82],{"class":74},[60,38580,37800],{"class":118},[60,38582,128],{"class":74},[20,38584,38585,38586,7282],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[3698,38587,5542],{},[20,38589,38590],{},"Falsy values include:",[30,38592,38593,38597,38602,38606],{},[33,38594,38595],{},[15,38596,195],{},[33,38598,38599,38601],{},[15,38600,3729],{}," (empty string)",[33,38603,38604],{},[15,38605,3734],{},[33,38607,38608],{},[15,38609,1463],{},[20,38611,238],{},[51,38613,38615],{"className":53,"code":38614,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38616,38617,38661,38665,38683],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,38618,38619,38621,38623,38625,38627,38629,38631,38633,38635,38637,38639,38641,38643,38645,38647,38649,38651,38653,38655,38657,38659],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,38620,777],{"class":66},[60,38622,71],{"class":70},[60,38624,75],{"class":74},[60,38626,195],{"class":78},[60,38628,82],{"class":74},[60,38630,695],{"class":78},[60,38632,82],{"class":74},[60,38634,6070],{"class":255},[60,38636,82],{"class":74},[60,38638,267],{"class":255},[60,38640,3801],{"class":259},[60,38642,256],{"class":255},[60,38644,82],{"class":74},[60,38646,3808],{"class":685},[60,38648,82],{"class":74},[60,38650,686],{"class":685},[60,38652,82],{"class":74},[60,38654,3861],{"class":685},[60,38656,82],{"class":74},[60,38658,4555],{"class":78},[60,38660,101],{"class":74},[60,38662,38663],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,38664,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,38666,38667,38669,38671,38673,38675,38677,38679,38681],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,38668,107],{"class":66},[60,38670,71],{"class":70},[60,38672,37589],{"class":134},[60,38674,122],{"class":74},[60,38676,3734],{"class":685},[60,38678,82],{"class":74},[60,38680,5910],{"class":118},[60,38682,128],{"class":74},[60,38684,38685,38687,38689,38691,38693,38695],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,38686,135],{"class":134},[60,38688,122],{"class":74},[60,38690,8033],{"class":1656},[60,38692,122],{"class":74},[60,38694,140],{"class":118},[60,38696,315],{"class":74},[20,38698,318],{},[51,38700,38702],{"className":53,"code":38701,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,38703,38704],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,38705,38706,38708,38710,38712,38714,38716,38718,38720,38722,38724,38726],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,38707,3854],{"class":74},[60,38709,79],{"class":78},[60,38711,82],{"class":74},[60,38713,3256],{"class":255},[60,38715,3801],{"class":259},[60,38717,3261],{"class":255},[60,38719,82],{"class":74},[60,38721,686],{"class":685},[60,38723,82],{"class":74},[60,38725,4555],{"class":78},[60,38727,101],{"class":74},[20,38729,38730],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[46,38732,1221,38734],{"id":38733},"when-to-use-filter",[15,38735,37510],{},[20,38737,150,38738,38740],{},[15,38739,37510],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,38742,38743],{},"It works well for:",[30,38745,38746,38749,38752],{},[33,38747,38748],{},"simple filtering rules",[33,38750,38751],{},"quick data cleaning",[33,38753,38754],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,38756,238],{},[51,38758,38760],{"className":53,"code":38759,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,38761,38762,38794,38827,38831],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,38763,38764,38766,38768,38770,38772,38774,38776,38778,38780,38782,38784,38786,38788,38790,38792],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,38765,67],{"class":66},[60,38767,71],{"class":70},[60,38769,75],{"class":74},[60,38771,79],{"class":78},[60,38773,82],{"class":74},[60,38775,85],{"class":78},[60,38777,82],{"class":74},[60,38779,94],{"class":78},[60,38781,82],{"class":74},[60,38783,800],{"class":78},[60,38785,82],{"class":74},[60,38787,4555],{"class":78},[60,38789,82],{"class":74},[60,38791,37578],{"class":78},[60,38793,101],{"class":74},[60,38795,38796,38799,38801,38803,38805,38807,38809,38811,38813,38815,38817,38819,38821,38823,38825],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,38797,38798],{"class":66},"evens ",[60,38800,71],{"class":70},[60,38802,37589],{"class":134},[60,38804,122],{"class":74},[60,38806,37594],{"class":2033},[60,38808,37598],{"class":37597},[60,38810,166],{"class":74},[60,38812,3835],{"class":118},[60,38814,6344],{"class":70},[60,38816,85],{"class":78},[60,38818,6349],{"class":70},[60,38820,3789],{"class":78},[60,38822,82],{"class":74},[60,38824,112],{"class":118},[60,38826,128],{"class":74},[60,38828,38829],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,38830,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,38832,38833,38835,38837,38839,38841,38844],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,38834,135],{"class":134},[60,38836,122],{"class":74},[60,38838,8033],{"class":1656},[60,38840,122],{"class":74},[60,38842,38843],{"class":118},"evens",[60,38845,315],{"class":74},[20,38847,318],{},[51,38849,38850],{"className":53,"code":38524,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,38851,38852],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,38853,38854,38856,38858,38860,38862,38864,38866],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,38855,3854],{"class":74},[60,38857,125],{"class":78},[60,38859,82],{"class":74},[60,38861,800],{"class":78},[60,38863,82],{"class":74},[60,38865,37578],{"class":78},[60,38867,101],{"class":74},[20,38869,38870,38871,38873],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,38872,1702],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[51,38875,38877],{"className":53,"code":38876,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38878,38879,38911,38919,38923,38935,38951,38966,38970],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,38880,38881,38883,38885,38887,38889,38891,38893,38895,38897,38899,38901,38903,38905,38907,38909],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,38882,67],{"class":66},[60,38884,71],{"class":70},[60,38886,75],{"class":74},[60,38888,79],{"class":78},[60,38890,82],{"class":74},[60,38892,85],{"class":78},[60,38894,82],{"class":74},[60,38896,94],{"class":78},[60,38898,82],{"class":74},[60,38900,800],{"class":78},[60,38902,82],{"class":74},[60,38904,4555],{"class":78},[60,38906,82],{"class":74},[60,38908,37578],{"class":78},[60,38910,101],{"class":74},[60,38912,38913,38915,38917],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,38914,38798],{"class":66},[60,38916,71],{"class":70},[60,38918,7778],{"class":74},[60,38920,38921],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,38922,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,38924,38925,38927,38929,38931,38933],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,38926,1702],{"class":1537},[60,38928,6328],{"class":66},[60,38930,511],{"class":1537},[60,38932,112],{"class":66},[60,38934,1712],{"class":74},[60,38936,38937,38939,38941,38943,38945,38947,38949],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,38938,6339],{"class":1537},[60,38940,6328],{"class":66},[60,38942,6344],{"class":70},[60,38944,85],{"class":78},[60,38946,6349],{"class":70},[60,38948,3789],{"class":78},[60,38950,1712],{"class":74},[60,38952,38953,38956,38958,38960,38962,38964],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,38954,38955],{"class":66},"        evens",[60,38957,115],{"class":74},[60,38959,13488],{"class":118},[60,38961,122],{"class":74},[60,38963,2204],{"class":118},[60,38965,128],{"class":74},[60,38967,38968],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,38969,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,38971,38972,38974,38976,38978],{"class":62,"line":6367},[60,38973,135],{"class":134},[60,38975,122],{"class":74},[60,38977,38843],{"class":118},[60,38979,128],{"class":74},[20,38981,318],{},[51,38983,38984],{"className":53,"code":38524,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,38985,38986],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,38987,38988,38990,38992,38994,38996,38998,39000],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,38989,3854],{"class":74},[60,38991,125],{"class":78},[60,38993,82],{"class":74},[60,38995,800],{"class":78},[60,38997,82],{"class":74},[60,38999,37578],{"class":78},[60,39001,101],{"class":74},[20,39003,39004],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[51,39006,39008],{"className":53,"code":39007,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39009,39010,39042,39075,39079],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,39011,39012,39014,39016,39018,39020,39022,39024,39026,39028,39030,39032,39034,39036,39038,39040],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,39013,67],{"class":66},[60,39015,71],{"class":70},[60,39017,75],{"class":74},[60,39019,79],{"class":78},[60,39021,82],{"class":74},[60,39023,85],{"class":78},[60,39025,82],{"class":74},[60,39027,94],{"class":78},[60,39029,82],{"class":74},[60,39031,800],{"class":78},[60,39033,82],{"class":74},[60,39035,4555],{"class":78},[60,39037,82],{"class":74},[60,39039,37578],{"class":78},[60,39041,101],{"class":74},[60,39043,39044,39046,39048,39050,39052,39054,39056,39058,39061,39063,39065,39067,39069,39071,39073],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,39045,38798],{"class":66},[60,39047,71],{"class":70},[60,39049,75],{"class":74},[60,39051,2182],{"class":66},[60,39053,1702],{"class":1537},[60,39055,6328],{"class":66},[60,39057,511],{"class":1537},[60,39059,39060],{"class":66}," numbers ",[60,39062,6939],{"class":1537},[60,39064,6328],{"class":66},[60,39066,6344],{"class":70},[60,39068,85],{"class":78},[60,39070,6349],{"class":70},[60,39072,3789],{"class":78},[60,39074,101],{"class":74},[60,39076,39077],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,39078,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,39080,39081,39083,39085,39087],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,39082,135],{"class":134},[60,39084,122],{"class":74},[60,39086,38843],{"class":118},[60,39088,128],{"class":74},[20,39090,318],{},[51,39092,39093],{"className":53,"code":38524,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,39094,39095],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,39096,39097,39099,39101,39103,39105,39107,39109],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,39098,3854],{"class":74},[60,39100,125],{"class":78},[60,39102,82],{"class":74},[60,39104,800],{"class":78},[60,39106,82],{"class":74},[60,39108,37578],{"class":78},[60,39110,101],{"class":74},[20,39112,39113,39114,115],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[260,39115,39117],{"href":39116},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[46,39119,1351],{"id":1350},[20,39121,14668,39122,115],{},[15,39123,37510],{},[553,39125,1454,39127,39129],{"id":39126},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,39128,37510],{}," to return a list",[20,39131,39132],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[51,39134,39136],{"className":53,"code":39135,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,39137,39138,39180],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,39139,39140,39142,39144,39146,39148,39150,39152,39154,39156,39158,39160,39162,39164,39166,39168,39170,39172,39174,39176,39178],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,39141,107],{"class":66},[60,39143,71],{"class":70},[60,39145,37589],{"class":134},[60,39147,122],{"class":74},[60,39149,37594],{"class":2033},[60,39151,37598],{"class":37597},[60,39153,166],{"class":74},[60,39155,3835],{"class":118},[60,39157,4203],{"class":70},[60,39159,85],{"class":78},[60,39161,82],{"class":74},[60,39163,75],{"class":74},[60,39165,79],{"class":78},[60,39167,82],{"class":74},[60,39169,85],{"class":78},[60,39171,82],{"class":74},[60,39173,94],{"class":78},[60,39175,82],{"class":74},[60,39177,800],{"class":78},[60,39179,1193],{"class":74},[60,39181,39182,39184,39186,39188],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,39183,135],{"class":134},[60,39185,122],{"class":74},[60,39187,140],{"class":118},[60,39189,128],{"class":74},[20,39191,39192],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,39194,39195],{},"Fix:",[51,39197,39199],{"className":53,"code":39198,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39200,39201,39243],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,39202,39203,39205,39207,39209,39211,39213,39215,39217,39219,39221,39223,39225,39227,39229,39231,39233,39235,39237,39239,39241],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,39204,107],{"class":66},[60,39206,71],{"class":70},[60,39208,37589],{"class":134},[60,39210,122],{"class":74},[60,39212,37594],{"class":2033},[60,39214,37598],{"class":37597},[60,39216,166],{"class":74},[60,39218,3835],{"class":118},[60,39220,4203],{"class":70},[60,39222,85],{"class":78},[60,39224,82],{"class":74},[60,39226,75],{"class":74},[60,39228,79],{"class":78},[60,39230,82],{"class":74},[60,39232,85],{"class":78},[60,39234,82],{"class":74},[60,39236,94],{"class":78},[60,39238,82],{"class":74},[60,39240,800],{"class":78},[60,39242,1193],{"class":74},[60,39244,39245,39247,39249,39251,39253,39255],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,39246,135],{"class":134},[60,39248,122],{"class":74},[60,39250,8033],{"class":1656},[60,39252,122],{"class":74},[60,39254,140],{"class":118},[60,39256,315],{"class":74},[553,39258,39260,39261,1460,39263,39265],{"id":39259},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,39262,547],{},[15,39264,1463],{}," clearly",[20,39267,39268],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,39270,39271],{},"Good example:",[51,39273,39275],{"className":53,"code":39274,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,39276,39277,39290],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,39278,39279,39281,39284,39286,39288],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,39280,34785],{"class":2033},[60,39282,39283],{"class":34788}," is_positive",[60,39285,122],{"class":74},[60,39287,2204],{"class":37597},[60,39289,8281],{"class":74},[60,39291,39292,39294,39296,39298],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,39293,34796],{"class":1537},[60,39295,6328],{"class":66},[60,39297,4203],{"class":70},[60,39299,38446],{"class":78},[20,39301,39302],{},"Then use it with:",[51,39304,39306],{"className":53,"code":39305,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,39307,39308,39340],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,39309,39310,39312,39314,39316,39318,39320,39322,39324,39326,39328,39330,39332,39334,39336,39338],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,39311,67],{"class":66},[60,39313,71],{"class":70},[60,39315,75],{"class":74},[60,39317,1991],{"class":70},[60,39319,125],{"class":78},[60,39321,82],{"class":74},[60,39323,2187],{"class":70},[60,39325,79],{"class":78},[60,39327,82],{"class":74},[60,39329,3789],{"class":78},[60,39331,82],{"class":74},[60,39333,695],{"class":78},[60,39335,82],{"class":74},[60,39337,85],{"class":78},[60,39339,101],{"class":74},[60,39341,39342,39344,39346,39348,39350,39352,39354,39357,39359,39361],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,39343,135],{"class":134},[60,39345,122],{"class":74},[60,39347,8033],{"class":1656},[60,39349,122],{"class":74},[60,39351,37536],{"class":134},[60,39353,122],{"class":74},[60,39355,39356],{"class":118},"is_positive",[60,39358,82],{"class":74},[60,39360,112],{"class":118},[60,39362,2872],{"class":74},[20,39364,318],{},[51,39366,39368],{"className":53,"code":39367,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2]\n",[15,39369,39370],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,39371,39372,39374,39376,39378,39380],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,39373,3854],{"class":74},[60,39375,79],{"class":78},[60,39377,82],{"class":74},[60,39379,85],{"class":78},[60,39381,101],{"class":74},[553,39383,39385],{"id":39384},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,39387,39388],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[51,39390,39391],{"className":53,"code":38130,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,39392,39393,39435,39439,39453],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,39394,39395,39397,39399,39401,39403,39405,39407,39409,39411,39413,39415,39417,39419,39421,39423,39425,39427,39429,39431,39433],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,39396,107],{"class":66},[60,39398,71],{"class":70},[60,39400,37589],{"class":134},[60,39402,122],{"class":74},[60,39404,37594],{"class":2033},[60,39406,37598],{"class":37597},[60,39408,166],{"class":74},[60,39410,3835],{"class":118},[60,39412,4203],{"class":70},[60,39414,85],{"class":78},[60,39416,82],{"class":74},[60,39418,75],{"class":74},[60,39420,79],{"class":78},[60,39422,82],{"class":74},[60,39424,85],{"class":78},[60,39426,82],{"class":74},[60,39428,94],{"class":78},[60,39430,82],{"class":74},[60,39432,800],{"class":78},[60,39434,1193],{"class":74},[60,39436,39437],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,39438,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,39440,39441,39443,39445,39447,39449,39451],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,39442,135],{"class":134},[60,39444,122],{"class":74},[60,39446,8033],{"class":1656},[60,39448,122],{"class":74},[60,39450,140],{"class":118},[60,39452,315],{"class":74},[60,39454,39455,39457,39459,39461,39463,39465],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,39456,135],{"class":134},[60,39458,122],{"class":74},[60,39460,8033],{"class":1656},[60,39462,122],{"class":74},[60,39464,140],{"class":118},[60,39466,315],{"class":74},[20,39468,318],{},[51,39470,39471],{"className":53,"code":38211,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,39472,39473,39485],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,39474,39475,39477,39479,39481,39483],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,39476,3854],{"class":74},[60,39478,189],{"class":78},[60,39480,82],{"class":74},[60,39482,800],{"class":78},[60,39484,101],{"class":74},[60,39486,39487],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,39488,38230],{"class":74},[20,39490,39491],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[51,39493,39495],{"className":53,"code":39494,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,39496,39497,39543,39547,39557],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,39498,39499,39501,39503,39505,39507,39509,39511,39513,39515,39517,39519,39521,39523,39525,39527,39529,39531,39533,39535,39537,39539,39541],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,39500,107],{"class":66},[60,39502,71],{"class":70},[60,39504,22492],{"class":1656},[60,39506,122],{"class":74},[60,39508,37536],{"class":134},[60,39510,122],{"class":74},[60,39512,37594],{"class":2033},[60,39514,37598],{"class":37597},[60,39516,166],{"class":74},[60,39518,3835],{"class":118},[60,39520,4203],{"class":70},[60,39522,85],{"class":78},[60,39524,82],{"class":74},[60,39526,75],{"class":74},[60,39528,79],{"class":78},[60,39530,82],{"class":74},[60,39532,85],{"class":78},[60,39534,82],{"class":74},[60,39536,94],{"class":78},[60,39538,82],{"class":74},[60,39540,800],{"class":78},[60,39542,2958],{"class":74},[60,39544,39545],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,39546,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,39548,39549,39551,39553,39555],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,39550,135],{"class":134},[60,39552,122],{"class":74},[60,39554,140],{"class":118},[60,39556,128],{"class":74},[60,39558,39559,39561,39563,39565],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,39560,135],{"class":134},[60,39562,122],{"class":74},[60,39564,140],{"class":118},[60,39566,128],{"class":74},[553,39568,39570],{"id":39569},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,39572,39573],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,39575,16579],{},[51,39577,39579],{"className":53,"code":39578,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39580,39581],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,39582,39583],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,39584,39578],{"class":146},[20,39586,39587,39588,6493],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,39589,873],{},[20,39591,16591],{},[51,39593,39595],{"className":53,"code":39594,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39596,39597],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,39598,39599,39601,39603,39605,39607,39609,39611,39613,39615,39617,39619,39621,39623,39625,39627,39629,39631,39633,39635,39637,39639,39641],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,39600,135],{"class":134},[60,39602,122],{"class":74},[60,39604,8033],{"class":1656},[60,39606,122],{"class":74},[60,39608,37536],{"class":134},[60,39610,122],{"class":74},[60,39612,37594],{"class":2033},[60,39614,37598],{"class":37597},[60,39616,166],{"class":74},[60,39618,3835],{"class":118},[60,39620,4203],{"class":70},[60,39622,85],{"class":78},[60,39624,82],{"class":74},[60,39626,75],{"class":74},[60,39628,79],{"class":78},[60,39630,82],{"class":74},[60,39632,85],{"class":78},[60,39634,82],{"class":74},[60,39636,94],{"class":78},[60,39638,82],{"class":74},[60,39640,800],{"class":78},[60,39642,37199],{"class":74},[553,39644,37138,39646,8640,39648],{"id":39645},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39647,37510],{},[15,39649,39650],{},"map()",[30,39652,39653,39658],{},[33,39654,39655,39657],{},[15,39656,37510],{}," keeps or removes items",[33,39659,39660,39662],{},[15,39661,39650],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,39664,39665,39666,166],{},"Example of ",[15,39667,37510],{},[51,39669,39671],{"className":53,"code":39670,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39672,39673,39697],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,39674,39675,39677,39679,39681,39683,39685,39687,39689,39691,39693,39695],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,39676,67],{"class":66},[60,39678,71],{"class":70},[60,39680,75],{"class":74},[60,39682,79],{"class":78},[60,39684,82],{"class":74},[60,39686,85],{"class":78},[60,39688,82],{"class":74},[60,39690,94],{"class":78},[60,39692,82],{"class":74},[60,39694,800],{"class":78},[60,39696,101],{"class":74},[60,39698,39699,39701,39703,39705,39707,39709,39711,39713,39715,39717,39719,39721,39723,39725,39727],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,39700,135],{"class":134},[60,39702,122],{"class":74},[60,39704,8033],{"class":1656},[60,39706,122],{"class":74},[60,39708,37536],{"class":134},[60,39710,122],{"class":74},[60,39712,37594],{"class":2033},[60,39714,37598],{"class":37597},[60,39716,166],{"class":74},[60,39718,3835],{"class":118},[60,39720,4203],{"class":70},[60,39722,85],{"class":78},[60,39724,82],{"class":74},[60,39726,112],{"class":118},[60,39728,2872],{"class":74},[20,39730,318],{},[51,39732,39734],{"className":53,"code":39733,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[3, 4]\n",[15,39735,39736],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,39737,39738,39740,39742,39744,39746],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,39739,3854],{"class":74},[60,39741,189],{"class":78},[60,39743,82],{"class":74},[60,39745,800],{"class":78},[60,39747,101],{"class":74},[20,39749,39665,39750,166],{},[15,39751,39650],{},[51,39753,39755],{"className":53,"code":39754,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39756,39757,39781],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,39758,39759,39761,39763,39765,39767,39769,39771,39773,39775,39777,39779],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,39760,67],{"class":66},[60,39762,71],{"class":70},[60,39764,75],{"class":74},[60,39766,79],{"class":78},[60,39768,82],{"class":74},[60,39770,85],{"class":78},[60,39772,82],{"class":74},[60,39774,94],{"class":78},[60,39776,82],{"class":74},[60,39778,800],{"class":78},[60,39780,101],{"class":74},[60,39782,39783,39785,39787,39789,39791,39794,39796,39798,39800,39802,39804,39807,39809,39811,39813],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,39784,135],{"class":134},[60,39786,122],{"class":74},[60,39788,8033],{"class":1656},[60,39790,122],{"class":74},[60,39792,39793],{"class":134},"map",[60,39795,122],{"class":74},[60,39797,37594],{"class":2033},[60,39799,37598],{"class":37597},[60,39801,166],{"class":74},[60,39803,3835],{"class":118},[60,39805,39806],{"class":70},"*",[60,39808,85],{"class":78},[60,39810,82],{"class":74},[60,39812,112],{"class":118},[60,39814,2872],{"class":74},[20,39816,318],{},[51,39818,39820],{"className":53,"code":39819,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,39821,39822],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,39823,39824,39826,39828,39830,39832,39834,39836,39838,39840],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,39825,3854],{"class":74},[60,39827,125],{"class":78},[60,39829,82],{"class":74},[60,39831,800],{"class":78},[60,39833,82],{"class":74},[60,39835,37578],{"class":78},[60,39837,82],{"class":74},[60,39839,6301],{"class":78},[60,39841,101],{"class":74},[20,39843,39844,39845,115],{},"For the related function, see ",[260,39846,1875,39848,3471],{"href":39847},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,39849,39650],{},[46,39851,1773],{"id":1772},[553,39853,1777,39855,39857],{"id":39854},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,39856,37510],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,39859,39860,39861,39863],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,39862,24713],{}," if needed.",[553,39865,39867,39868,39870],{"id":39866},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,39869,37510],{}," need to return?",[20,39872,37817,39873,39875,39876,39878],{},[15,39874,547],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,39877,1463],{}," to remove it.",[553,39880,28261,39882,39884],{"id":39881},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,39883,37510],{}," without lambda?",[20,39886,39887],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[553,39889,5090,39891,39894],{"id":39890},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,39892,39893],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,39896,39897,39898,39900,39901,17007,39903,115],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,39899,195],{},", empty strings, ",[15,39902,3734],{},[15,39904,1463],{},[553,39906,21353,39908,39910],{"id":39907},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,39909,37510],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,39912,39913,39914,39916],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,39915,1702],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,39918,39919],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[30,39921,39922,39928,39934],{},[33,39923,39924,39925,39927],{},"use ",[15,39926,37510],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[33,39929,39930,39931,39933],{},"use a ",[15,39932,1702],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[33,39935,39936],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,39938,39939,39940,115],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[260,39941,5080],{"href":39942},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[46,39944,1842],{"id":1841},[30,39946,39947,39952,39956,39961,39967],{},[33,39948,39949],{},[260,39950,39951],{"href":38387},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[33,39953,39954],{},[260,39955,5168],{"href":39942},[33,39957,39958],{},[260,39959,39960],{"href":39116},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[33,39962,39963],{},[260,39964,1875,39965,3471],{"href":39847},[15,39966,39650],{},[33,39968,39969],{},[260,39970,5163],{"href":5532},[1885,39972,39973],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":39975},[39976,39977,39979,39983,39986,39988,39990,39992,39994,40004,40016],{"id":1971,"depth":104,"text":1972},{"id":37644,"depth":104,"text":39978},"What filter() does",{"id":37778,"depth":104,"text":37779,"children":39980},[39981,39982],{"id":37795,"depth":131,"text":37795},{"id":3675,"depth":131,"text":3675},{"id":335,"depth":104,"text":336,"children":39984},[39985],{"id":38123,"depth":131,"text":38124},{"id":38236,"depth":104,"text":39987},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38391,"depth":104,"text":39989},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38553,"depth":104,"text":39991},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38733,"depth":104,"text":39993},"When to use filter()",{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351,"children":39995},[39996,39998,40000,40001,40002],{"id":39126,"depth":131,"text":39997},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39259,"depth":131,"text":39999},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39384,"depth":131,"text":39385},{"id":39569,"depth":131,"text":39570},{"id":39645,"depth":131,"text":40003},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":40005},[40006,40008,40010,40012,40014],{"id":39854,"depth":131,"text":40007},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":39866,"depth":131,"text":40009},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":39881,"depth":131,"text":40011},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":39890,"depth":131,"text":40013},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":39907,"depth":131,"text":40015},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37502,"description":40017},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":40024,"title":40025,"body":40026,"description":42176,"extension":1930,"meta":42177,"navigation":421,"path":42178,"seo":42179,"stem":42180,"__hash__":42181},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":40027,"toc":42130},[40028,40031,40036,40042,40044,40096,40098,40117,40122,40126,40131,40134,40149,40152,40174,40176,40225,40227,40251,40253,40255,40270,40275,40283,40298,40300,40309,40312,40347,40351,40356,40360,40367,40402,40404,40420,40424,40427,40468,40470,40484,40488,40491,40515,40517,40526,40530,40533,40566,40568,40581,40585,40591,40610,40612,40620,40624,40629,40633,40639,40662,40664,40693,40696,40715,40719,40722,40749,40751,40785,40789,40792,40816,40820,40831,40833,40838,40844,40846,40930,40932,40974,40977,40981,40988,40997,41053,41060,41069,41074,41078,41149,41151,41160,41164,41167,41210,41212,41221,41225,41231,41281,41285,41290,41294,41318,41320,41329,41333,41357,41359,41370,41374,41398,41400,41409,41412,41429,41435,41439,41445,41448,41453,41456,41477,41479,41511,41514,41519,41521,41532,41534,41578,41582,41589,41641,41643,41652,41656,41659,41751,41754,41778,41782,41785,41877,41882,41886,41893,41898,41922,41924,41933,41938,41961,41963,41971,41978,42001,42009,42011,42024,42034,42036,42040,42047,42051,42060,42064,42071,42075,42079,42083,42095,42097,42127],[10,40029,40025],{"id":40030},"python-float-function-explained",[20,40032,9058,40033,40035],{},[15,40034,2844],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,40037,40038,40039,40041],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,40040,2844],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[46,40043,1972],{"id":1971},[51,40045,40047],{"className":53,"code":40046,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,40048,40049,40063,40082],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40050,40051,40053,40055,40057,40059,40061],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40052,135],{"class":134},[60,40054,122],{"class":74},[60,40056,2157],{"class":1656},[60,40058,122],{"class":74},[60,40060,1086],{"class":78},[60,40062,315],{"class":74},[60,40064,40065,40067,40069,40071,40073,40075,40078,40080],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,40066,135],{"class":134},[60,40068,122],{"class":74},[60,40070,2157],{"class":1656},[60,40072,122],{"class":74},[60,40074,256],{"class":255},[60,40076,40077],{"class":259},"3.14",[60,40079,256],{"class":255},[60,40081,315],{"class":74},[60,40083,40084,40086,40088,40090,40092,40094],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,40085,135],{"class":134},[60,40087,122],{"class":74},[60,40089,2157],{"class":1656},[60,40091,122],{"class":74},[60,40093,547],{"class":685},[60,40095,315],{"class":74},[20,40097,318],{},[51,40099,40101],{"className":53,"code":40100,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,40102,40103,40107,40112],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40104,40105],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40106,2441],{"class":78},[60,40108,40109],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,40110,40111],{"class":78},"3.14\n",[60,40113,40114],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,40115,40116],{"class":78},"1.0\n",[20,40118,150,40119,40121],{},[15,40120,2844],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[46,40123,40125],{"id":40124},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,40127,40128,40130],{},[15,40129,2844],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,40132,40133],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[30,40135,40136,40140,40144],{},[33,40137,40138],{},[15,40139,2452],{},[33,40141,40142],{},[15,40143,40077],{},[33,40145,40146],{},[15,40147,40148],{},"0.5",[20,40150,40151],{},"A few key points:",[30,40153,40154,40161,40164,40167],{},[33,40155,40156,40158,40159],{},[15,40157,2844],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,40160,2157],{},[33,40162,40163],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[33,40165,40166],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[33,40168,40169,40170],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[260,40171,40172],{"href":8159},[15,40173,2918],{},[20,40175,238],{},[51,40177,40179],{"className":53,"code":40178,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40180,40181,40201,40211],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40182,40183,40185,40187,40190,40192,40194,40197,40199],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40184,2182],{"class":66},[60,40186,71],{"class":70},[60,40188,40189],{"class":1656}," float",[60,40191,122],{"class":74},[60,40193,256],{"class":255},[60,40195,40196],{"class":259},"2.75",[60,40198,256],{"class":255},[60,40200,128],{"class":74},[60,40202,40203,40205,40207,40209],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,40204,135],{"class":134},[60,40206,122],{"class":74},[60,40208,2204],{"class":118},[60,40210,128],{"class":74},[60,40212,40213,40215,40217,40219,40221,40223],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,40214,135],{"class":134},[60,40216,122],{"class":74},[60,40218,1657],{"class":1656},[60,40220,122],{"class":74},[60,40222,2204],{"class":118},[60,40224,315],{"class":74},[20,40226,318],{},[51,40228,40230],{"className":53,"code":40229,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40231,40232,40237],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40233,40234],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40235,40236],{"class":78},"2.75\n",[60,40238,40239,40241,40243,40245,40247,40249],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,40240,3250],{"class":70},[60,40242,3253],{"class":2033},[60,40244,3256],{"class":255},[60,40246,2157],{"class":259},[60,40248,3261],{"class":255},[60,40250,3264],{"class":70},[46,40252,199],{"id":198},[20,40254,7160],{},[51,40256,40258],{"className":53,"code":40257,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"float(value)\n",[15,40259,40260],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40261,40262,40264,40266,40268],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40263,2157],{"class":1656},[60,40265,122],{"class":74},[60,40267,221],{"class":118},[60,40269,128],{"class":74},[20,40271,40272,40273,115],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,40274,2844],{},[20,40276,40277,40278,40280,40281,166],{},"If you call ",[15,40279,2844],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,40282,3724],{},[51,40284,40286],{"className":53,"code":40285,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(float())\n",[15,40287,40288],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40289,40290,40292,40294,40296],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40291,135],{"class":134},[60,40293,122],{"class":74},[60,40295,2157],{"class":1656},[60,40297,7136],{"class":74},[20,40299,318],{},[51,40301,40303],{"className":53,"code":40302,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"0.0\n",[15,40304,40305],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40306,40307],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40308,40302],{"class":78},[20,40310,40311],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[51,40313,40315],{"className":53,"code":40314,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,40316,40317,40337],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40318,40319,40322,40324,40326,40328,40330,40333,40335],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40320,40321],{"class":66},"price ",[60,40323,71],{"class":70},[60,40325,40189],{"class":1656},[60,40327,122],{"class":74},[60,40329,256],{"class":255},[60,40331,40332],{"class":259},"19.99",[60,40334,256],{"class":255},[60,40336,128],{"class":74},[60,40338,40339,40341,40343,40345],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,40340,135],{"class":134},[60,40342,122],{"class":74},[60,40344,25082],{"class":118},[60,40346,128],{"class":74},[46,40348,40350],{"id":40349},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,40352,40353,40355],{},[15,40354,2844],{}," can convert several common value types.",[553,40357,40359],{"id":40358},"integers","Integers",[20,40361,40362,40363,40366],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,40364,40365],{},".0"," added:",[51,40368,40370],{"className":53,"code":40369,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,40371,40372,40386],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40373,40374,40376,40378,40380,40382,40384],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40375,135],{"class":134},[60,40377,122],{"class":74},[60,40379,2157],{"class":1656},[60,40381,122],{"class":74},[60,40383,1086],{"class":78},[60,40385,315],{"class":74},[60,40387,40388,40390,40392,40394,40396,40398,40400],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,40389,135],{"class":134},[60,40391,122],{"class":74},[60,40393,2157],{"class":1656},[60,40395,122],{"class":74},[60,40397,1991],{"class":70},[60,40399,125],{"class":78},[60,40401,315],{"class":74},[20,40403,318],{},[51,40405,40407],{"className":53,"code":40406,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,40408,40409,40413],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40410,40411],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40412,2441],{"class":78},[60,40414,40415,40417],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,40416,1991],{"class":70},[60,40418,40419],{"class":78},"2.0\n",[553,40421,40423],{"id":40422},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,40425,40426],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[51,40428,40430],{"className":53,"code":40429,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,40431,40432,40450],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40433,40434,40436,40438,40440,40442,40444,40446,40448],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40435,135],{"class":134},[60,40437,122],{"class":74},[60,40439,2157],{"class":1656},[60,40441,122],{"class":74},[60,40443,256],{"class":255},[60,40445,40077],{"class":259},[60,40447,256],{"class":255},[60,40449,315],{"class":74},[60,40451,40452,40454,40456,40458,40460,40462,40464,40466],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,40453,135],{"class":134},[60,40455,122],{"class":74},[60,40457,2157],{"class":1656},[60,40459,122],{"class":74},[60,40461,256],{"class":255},[60,40463,873],{"class":259},[60,40465,256],{"class":255},[60,40467,315],{"class":74},[20,40469,318],{},[51,40471,40473],{"className":53,"code":40472,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,40474,40475,40479],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40476,40477],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40478,40111],{"class":78},[60,40480,40481],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,40482,40483],{"class":78},"10.0\n",[553,40485,40487],{"id":40486},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,40489,40490],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[51,40492,40494],{"className":53,"code":40493,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,40495,40496],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40497,40498,40500,40502,40504,40506,40508,40511,40513],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40499,135],{"class":134},[60,40501,122],{"class":74},[60,40503,2157],{"class":1656},[60,40505,122],{"class":74},[60,40507,256],{"class":255},[60,40509,40510],{"class":259},"  8.5  ",[60,40512,256],{"class":255},[60,40514,315],{"class":74},[20,40516,318],{},[51,40518,40520],{"className":53,"code":40519,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"8.5\n",[15,40521,40522],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40523,40524],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40525,40519],{"class":78},[553,40527,40529],{"id":40528},"booleans","Booleans",[20,40531,40532],{},"Boolean values also work:",[51,40534,40536],{"className":53,"code":40535,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,40537,40538,40552],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40539,40540,40542,40544,40546,40548,40550],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40541,135],{"class":134},[60,40543,122],{"class":74},[60,40545,2157],{"class":1656},[60,40547,122],{"class":74},[60,40549,547],{"class":685},[60,40551,315],{"class":74},[60,40553,40554,40556,40558,40560,40562,40564],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,40555,135],{"class":134},[60,40557,122],{"class":74},[60,40559,2157],{"class":1656},[60,40561,122],{"class":74},[60,40563,1463],{"class":685},[60,40565,315],{"class":74},[20,40567,318],{},[51,40569,40571],{"className":53,"code":40570,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,40572,40573,40577],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40574,40575],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40576,40116],{"class":78},[60,40578,40579],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,40580,40302],{"class":78},[553,40582,40584],{"id":40583},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,40586,40587,40588,40590],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40589,2844],{}," returns a float version of it:",[51,40592,40594],{"className":53,"code":40593,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40595,40596],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40597,40598,40600,40602,40604,40606,40608],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40599,135],{"class":134},[60,40601,122],{"class":74},[60,40603,2157],{"class":1656},[60,40605,122],{"class":74},[60,40607,2326],{"class":78},[60,40609,315],{"class":74},[20,40611,318],{},[51,40613,40614],{"className":53,"code":2350,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,40615,40616],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40617,40618],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40619,2350],{"class":78},[46,40621,40623],{"id":40622},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,40625,40626,40627,115],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40628,2844],{},[553,40630,40632],{"id":40631},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,40634,40635,40636,166],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40637,40638],{},"ValueError",[51,40640,40642],{"className":53,"code":40641,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40643,40644],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40645,40646,40648,40650,40652,40654,40656,40658,40660],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40647,135],{"class":134},[60,40649,122],{"class":74},[60,40651,2157],{"class":1656},[60,40653,122],{"class":74},[60,40655,256],{"class":255},[60,40657,3801],{"class":259},[60,40659,256],{"class":255},[60,40661,315],{"class":74},[20,40663,29612],{},[51,40665,40667],{"className":53,"code":40666,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,40668,40669],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40670,40671,40673,40675,40678,40680,40683,40685,40687,40689,40691],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40672,40638],{"class":1656},[60,40674,166],{"class":74},[60,40676,40677],{"class":66}," could ",[60,40679,4581],{"class":70},[60,40681,40682],{"class":66}," convert string to ",[60,40684,2157],{"class":1656},[60,40686,166],{"class":74},[60,40688,3256],{"class":255},[60,40690,3801],{"class":259},[60,40692,29631],{"class":255},[20,40694,40695],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[51,40697,40699],{"className":53,"code":40698,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,40700,40701],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40702,40703,40705,40707,40709,40711,40713],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40704,135],{"class":134},[60,40706,122],{"class":74},[60,40708,2157],{"class":1656},[60,40710,122],{"class":74},[60,40712,6213],{"class":255},[60,40714,315],{"class":74},[553,40716,40718],{"id":40717},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,40720,40721],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[51,40723,40725],{"className":53,"code":40724,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,40726,40727],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40728,40729,40731,40733,40735,40737,40739,40741,40743,40745,40747],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40730,135],{"class":134},[60,40732,122],{"class":74},[60,40734,2157],{"class":1656},[60,40736,835],{"class":74},[60,40738,79],{"class":78},[60,40740,82],{"class":74},[60,40742,85],{"class":78},[60,40744,82],{"class":74},[60,40746,94],{"class":78},[60,40748,2958],{"class":74},[20,40750,29612],{},[51,40752,40754],{"className":53,"code":40753,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,40755,40756],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40757,40758,40760,40762,40764,40766,40769,40772,40775,40777,40779,40781,40783],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40759,2964],{"class":1656},[60,40761,166],{"class":74},[60,40763,40189],{"class":1656},[60,40765,7308],{"class":74},[60,40767,40768],{"class":66}," argument must be a string ",[60,40770,40771],{"class":70},"or",[60,40773,40774],{"class":66}," a real number",[60,40776,82],{"class":74},[60,40778,8039],{"class":70},[60,40780,3256],{"class":255},[60,40782,8033],{"class":259},[60,40784,29631],{"class":255},[553,40786,40788],{"id":40787},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,40790,40791],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[51,40793,40795],{"className":53,"code":40794,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,40796,40797],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40798,40799,40801,40803,40805,40807,40809,40812,40814],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40800,135],{"class":134},[60,40802,122],{"class":74},[60,40804,2157],{"class":1656},[60,40806,122],{"class":74},[60,40808,256],{"class":255},[60,40810,40811],{"class":259},"3,14",[60,40813,256],{"class":255},[60,40815,315],{"class":74},[20,40817,2961,40818,115],{},[15,40819,40638],{},[20,40821,40822,40823,544,40827,115],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[260,40824,40826],{"href":40825},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[260,40828,40830],{"href":40829},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[46,40832,17354],{"id":17353},[20,40834,40835,40837],{},[15,40836,2844],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,40839,40840,40841,40843],{},"It does ",[3698,40842,4581],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,40845,238],{},[51,40847,40849],{"className":53,"code":40848,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40850,40851,40864,40878,40882,40892,40902,40916],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40852,40853,40855,40857,40859,40862],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40854,34621],{"class":66},[60,40856,71],{"class":70},[60,40858,267],{"class":255},[60,40860,40861],{"class":259},"6.5",[60,40863,3320],{"class":255},[60,40865,40866,40868,40870,40872,40874,40876],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,40867,2182],{"class":66},[60,40869,71],{"class":70},[60,40871,40189],{"class":1656},[60,40873,122],{"class":74},[60,40875,34642],{"class":118},[60,40877,128],{"class":74},[60,40879,40880],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,40881,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,40883,40884,40886,40888,40890],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,40885,135],{"class":134},[60,40887,122],{"class":74},[60,40889,34642],{"class":118},[60,40891,128],{"class":74},[60,40893,40894,40896,40898,40900],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,40895,135],{"class":134},[60,40897,122],{"class":74},[60,40899,2204],{"class":118},[60,40901,128],{"class":74},[60,40903,40904,40906,40908,40910,40912,40914],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,40905,135],{"class":134},[60,40907,122],{"class":74},[60,40909,1657],{"class":1656},[60,40911,122],{"class":74},[60,40913,34642],{"class":118},[60,40915,315],{"class":74},[60,40917,40918,40920,40922,40924,40926,40928],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,40919,135],{"class":134},[60,40921,122],{"class":74},[60,40923,1657],{"class":1656},[60,40925,122],{"class":74},[60,40927,2204],{"class":118},[60,40929,315],{"class":74},[20,40931,318],{},[51,40933,40935],{"className":53,"code":40934,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40936,40937,40942,40946,40960],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40938,40939],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40940,40941],{"class":78},"6.5\n",[60,40943,40944],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,40945,40941],{"class":78},[60,40947,40948,40950,40952,40954,40956,40958],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,40949,3250],{"class":70},[60,40951,3253],{"class":2033},[60,40953,3256],{"class":255},[60,40955,3405],{"class":259},[60,40957,3261],{"class":255},[60,40959,3264],{"class":70},[60,40961,40962,40964,40966,40968,40970,40972],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,40963,3250],{"class":70},[60,40965,3253],{"class":2033},[60,40967,3256],{"class":255},[60,40969,2157],{"class":259},[60,40971,3261],{"class":255},[60,40973,3264],{"class":70},[20,40975,40976],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[46,40978,40980],{"id":40979},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[553,40982,40984,40985,40987],{"id":40983},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,40986,2918],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,40989,1947,40990,40994,40995,115],{},[260,40991,40992,2267],{"href":8159},[15,40993,2918],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,40996,2844],{},[51,40998,41000],{"className":53,"code":40999,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,41001,41002,41021,41035,41039],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41003,41004,41006,41008,41010,41012,41014,41017,41019],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41005,8177],{"class":66},[60,41007,71],{"class":70},[60,41009,8182],{"class":134},[60,41011,122],{"class":74},[60,41013,256],{"class":255},[60,41015,41016],{"class":259},"Enter a price: ",[60,41018,256],{"class":255},[60,41020,128],{"class":74},[60,41022,41023,41025,41027,41029,41031,41033],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,41024,40321],{"class":66},[60,41026,71],{"class":70},[60,41028,40189],{"class":1656},[60,41030,122],{"class":74},[60,41032,8206],{"class":118},[60,41034,128],{"class":74},[60,41036,41037],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,41038,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,41040,41041,41043,41045,41047,41049,41051],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,41042,135],{"class":134},[60,41044,122],{"class":74},[60,41046,40321],{"class":118},[60,41048,39806],{"class":70},[60,41050,85],{"class":78},[60,41052,128],{"class":74},[20,41054,41055,41056,41059],{},"If the user enters ",[15,41057,41058],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[51,41061,41063],{"className":53,"code":41062,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"9.0\n",[15,41064,41065],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41066,41067],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41068,41062],{"class":78},[20,41070,41071,41072,115],{},"For more help with this, see ",[260,41073,8916],{"href":8915},[553,41075,41077],{"id":41076},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[51,41079,41081],{"className":53,"code":41080,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,41082,41083,41096,41109,41113,41138],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41084,41085,41087,41089,41091,41094],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41086,2515],{"class":66},[60,41088,71],{"class":70},[60,41090,267],{"class":255},[60,41092,41093],{"class":259},"2.5",[60,41095,3320],{"class":255},[60,41097,41098,41100,41102,41104,41107],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,41099,2543],{"class":66},[60,41101,71],{"class":70},[60,41103,267],{"class":255},[60,41105,41106],{"class":259},"1.5",[60,41108,3320],{"class":255},[60,41110,41111],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,41112,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,41114,41115,41118,41120,41122,41124,41126,41128,41130,41132,41134,41136],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,41116,41117],{"class":66},"total ",[60,41119,71],{"class":70},[60,41121,40189],{"class":1656},[60,41123,122],{"class":74},[60,41125,260],{"class":118},[60,41127,143],{"class":74},[60,41129,2417],{"class":70},[60,41131,40189],{"class":1656},[60,41133,122],{"class":74},[60,41135,270],{"class":118},[60,41137,128],{"class":74},[60,41139,41140,41142,41144,41147],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,41141,135],{"class":134},[60,41143,122],{"class":74},[60,41145,41146],{"class":118},"total",[60,41148,128],{"class":74},[20,41150,318],{},[51,41152,41154],{"className":53,"code":41153,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"4.0\n",[15,41155,41156],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41157,41158],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41159,41153],{"class":78},[553,41161,41163],{"id":41162},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,41165,41166],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[51,41168,41170],{"className":53,"code":41169,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,41171,41172,41182,41196,41200],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41173,41174,41177,41179],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41175,41176],{"class":66},"count ",[60,41178,71],{"class":70},[60,41180,41181],{"class":78}," 7\n",[60,41183,41184,41186,41188,41190,41192,41194],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,41185,107],{"class":66},[60,41187,71],{"class":70},[60,41189,40189],{"class":1656},[60,41191,122],{"class":74},[60,41193,119],{"class":118},[60,41195,128],{"class":74},[60,41197,41198],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,41199,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,41201,41202,41204,41206,41208],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,41203,135],{"class":134},[60,41205,122],{"class":74},[60,41207,140],{"class":118},[60,41209,128],{"class":74},[20,41211,318],{},[51,41213,41215],{"className":53,"code":41214,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"7.0\n",[15,41216,41217],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41218,41219],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41220,41214],{"class":78},[553,41222,41224],{"id":41223},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,41226,41227,41228,41230],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,41229,2844],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[51,41232,41234],{"className":53,"code":41233,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,41235,41236,41250,41266,41270],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41237,41238,41241,41243,41245,41248],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41239,41240],{"class":66},"temperature_text ",[60,41242,71],{"class":70},[60,41244,267],{"class":255},[60,41246,41247],{"class":259},"21.8",[60,41249,3320],{"class":255},[60,41251,41252,41255,41257,41259,41261,41264],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,41253,41254],{"class":66},"temperature ",[60,41256,71],{"class":70},[60,41258,40189],{"class":1656},[60,41260,122],{"class":74},[60,41262,41263],{"class":118},"temperature_text",[60,41265,128],{"class":74},[60,41267,41268],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,41269,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,41271,41272,41274,41276,41279],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,41273,135],{"class":134},[60,41275,122],{"class":74},[60,41277,41278],{"class":118},"temperature",[60,41280,128],{"class":74},[46,41282,41284],{"id":41283},"special-values","Special values",[20,41286,41287,41289],{},[15,41288,2844],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[553,41291,41293],{"id":41292},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[51,41295,41297],{"className":53,"code":41296,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,41298,41299],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41300,41301,41303,41305,41307,41309,41311,41314,41316],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41302,135],{"class":134},[60,41304,122],{"class":74},[60,41306,2157],{"class":1656},[60,41308,122],{"class":74},[60,41310,256],{"class":255},[60,41312,41313],{"class":259},"inf",[60,41315,256],{"class":255},[60,41317,315],{"class":74},[20,41319,318],{},[51,41321,41323],{"className":53,"code":41322,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"inf\n",[15,41324,41325],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41326,41327],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41328,41322],{"class":66},[553,41330,41332],{"id":41331},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[51,41334,41336],{"className":53,"code":41335,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,41337,41338],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41339,41340,41342,41344,41346,41348,41350,41353,41355],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41341,135],{"class":134},[60,41343,122],{"class":74},[60,41345,2157],{"class":1656},[60,41347,122],{"class":74},[60,41349,256],{"class":255},[60,41351,41352],{"class":259},"-inf",[60,41354,256],{"class":255},[60,41356,315],{"class":74},[20,41358,318],{},[51,41360,41362],{"className":53,"code":41361,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"-inf\n",[15,41363,41364],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41365,41366,41368],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41367,1991],{"class":70},[60,41369,41322],{"class":66},[553,41371,41373],{"id":41372},"not-a-number","Not a number",[51,41375,41377],{"className":53,"code":41376,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,41378,41379],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41380,41381,41383,41385,41387,41389,41391,41394,41396],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41382,135],{"class":134},[60,41384,122],{"class":74},[60,41386,2157],{"class":1656},[60,41388,122],{"class":74},[60,41390,256],{"class":255},[60,41392,41393],{"class":259},"nan",[60,41395,256],{"class":255},[60,41397,315],{"class":74},[20,41399,318],{},[51,41401,41403],{"className":53,"code":41402,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"nan\n",[15,41404,41405],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41406,41407],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41408,41402],{"class":66},[20,41410,41411],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[30,41413,41414,41419,41424],{},[33,41415,41416,41418],{},[15,41417,41313],{}," means positive infinity",[33,41420,41421,41423],{},[15,41422,41352],{}," means negative infinity",[33,41425,41426,41428],{},[15,41427,41393],{}," means “not a number”",[20,41430,41431,41432,41434],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,41433,2844],{}," accepts them.",[46,41436,41438],{"id":41437},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,41440,41441,41442,41444],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,41443,2844],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[553,41446,40638],{"id":41447},"valueerror",[20,41449,15123,41450,41452],{},[15,41451,40638],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,41454,41455],{},"Common causes:",[30,41457,41458,41464,41467,41470],{},[33,41459,41460,41461],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,41462,41463],{},"\"abc\"",[33,41465,41466],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[33,41468,41469],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[33,41471,4655,41472],{},[260,41473,41474,41476],{"href":8159},[15,41475,2918],{}," returns a string",[20,41478,238],{},[51,41480,41482],{"className":53,"code":41481,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41483,41484,41497],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41485,41486,41488,41490,41492,41495],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41487,1690],{"class":66},[60,41489,71],{"class":70},[60,41491,267],{"class":255},[60,41493,41494],{"class":259},"abc",[60,41496,3320],{"class":255},[60,41498,41499,41501,41503,41505,41507,41509],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,41500,135],{"class":134},[60,41502,122],{"class":74},[60,41504,2157],{"class":1656},[60,41506,122],{"class":74},[60,41508,221],{"class":118},[60,41510,315],{"class":74},[553,41512,2964],{"id":41513},"typeerror",[20,41515,15123,41516,41518],{},[15,41517,2964],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,41520,41455],{},[30,41522,41523,41526,41529],{},[33,41524,41525],{},"Passing a list",[33,41527,41528],{},"Passing a dictionary",[33,41530,41531],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,41533,238],{},[51,41535,41537],{"className":53,"code":41536,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41538,41539,41564],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41540,41541,41543,41545,41547,41549,41551,41553,41555,41557,41560,41562],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41542,1690],{"class":66},[60,41544,71],{"class":70},[60,41546,10426],{"class":74},[60,41548,256],{"class":255},[60,41550,25082],{"class":259},[60,41552,256],{"class":255},[60,41554,166],{"class":74},[60,41556,267],{"class":255},[60,41558,41559],{"class":259},"9.99",[60,41561,256],{"class":255},[60,41563,9244],{"class":74},[60,41565,41566,41568,41570,41572,41574,41576],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,41567,135],{"class":134},[60,41569,122],{"class":74},[60,41571,2157],{"class":1656},[60,41573,122],{"class":74},[60,41575,221],{"class":118},[60,41577,315],{"class":74},[553,41579,41581],{"id":41580},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,41583,41584,41585,41588],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41586,41587],{},"strip()"," can help:",[51,41590,41592],{"className":53,"code":41591,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41593,41594,41607,41622,41626],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41595,41596,41598,41600,41602,41605],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41597,1690],{"class":66},[60,41599,71],{"class":70},[60,41601,267],{"class":255},[60,41603,41604],{"class":259},"  7.25  ",[60,41606,3320],{"class":255},[60,41608,41609,41612,41614,41616,41618,41620],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,41610,41611],{"class":66},"clean_value ",[60,41613,71],{"class":70},[60,41615,8372],{"class":66},[60,41617,115],{"class":74},[60,41619,8570],{"class":118},[60,41621,8579],{"class":74},[60,41623,41624],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,41625,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,41627,41628,41630,41632,41634,41636,41639],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,41629,135],{"class":134},[60,41631,122],{"class":74},[60,41633,2157],{"class":1656},[60,41635,122],{"class":74},[60,41637,41638],{"class":118},"clean_value",[60,41640,315],{"class":74},[20,41642,318],{},[51,41644,41646],{"className":53,"code":41645,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"7.25\n",[15,41647,41648],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41649,41650],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41651,41645],{"class":78},[553,41653,41655],{"id":41654},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,41657,41658],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[51,41660,41662],{"className":53,"code":41661,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41663,41664,41677,41681,41691,41705,41719,41723,41737],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41665,41666,41668,41670,41672,41675],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41667,1690],{"class":66},[60,41669,71],{"class":70},[60,41671,267],{"class":255},[60,41673,41674],{"class":259}," 3.5 ",[60,41676,3320],{"class":255},[60,41678,41679],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,41680,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,41682,41683,41685,41687,41689],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,41684,135],{"class":134},[60,41686,122],{"class":74},[60,41688,221],{"class":118},[60,41690,128],{"class":74},[60,41692,41693,41695,41697,41699,41701,41703],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,41694,135],{"class":134},[60,41696,122],{"class":74},[60,41698,1657],{"class":1656},[60,41700,122],{"class":74},[60,41702,221],{"class":118},[60,41704,315],{"class":74},[60,41706,41707,41709,41711,41713,41715,41717],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,41708,135],{"class":134},[60,41710,122],{"class":74},[60,41712,1723],{"class":134},[60,41714,122],{"class":74},[60,41716,221],{"class":118},[60,41718,315],{"class":74},[60,41720,41721],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,41722,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,41724,41725,41727,41729,41731,41733,41735],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,41726,41611],{"class":66},[60,41728,71],{"class":70},[60,41730,8372],{"class":66},[60,41732,115],{"class":74},[60,41734,8570],{"class":118},[60,41736,8579],{"class":74},[60,41738,41739,41741,41743,41745,41747,41749],{"class":62,"line":6367},[60,41740,135],{"class":134},[60,41742,122],{"class":74},[60,41744,2157],{"class":1656},[60,41746,122],{"class":74},[60,41748,41638],{"class":118},[60,41750,315],{"class":74},[20,41752,41753],{},"Why this helps:",[30,41755,41756,41762,41767,41773],{},[33,41757,41758,41761],{},[15,41759,41760],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[33,41763,41764,21300],{},[15,41765,41766],{},"print(type(value))",[33,41768,41769,41772],{},[15,41770,41771],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[33,41774,41775,41777],{},[15,41776,41587],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[553,41779,41781],{"id":41780},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,41783,41784],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[51,41786,41788],{"className":53,"code":41787,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,41789,41790,41809,41813,41819,41834,41853,41862],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41791,41792,41794,41796,41798,41800,41802,41805,41807],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41793,1690],{"class":66},[60,41795,71],{"class":70},[60,41797,8182],{"class":134},[60,41799,122],{"class":74},[60,41801,256],{"class":255},[60,41803,41804],{"class":259},"Enter a number: ",[60,41806,256],{"class":255},[60,41808,128],{"class":74},[60,41810,41811],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,41812,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,41814,41815,41817],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,41816,29735],{"class":1537},[60,41818,1712],{"class":74},[60,41820,41821,41824,41826,41828,41830,41832],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,41822,41823],{"class":66},"    number ",[60,41825,71],{"class":70},[60,41827,40189],{"class":1656},[60,41829,122],{"class":74},[60,41831,221],{"class":118},[60,41833,128],{"class":74},[60,41835,41836,41838,41840,41842,41845,41847,41849,41851],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,41837,1718],{"class":134},[60,41839,122],{"class":74},[60,41841,256],{"class":255},[60,41843,41844],{"class":259},"Converted:",[60,41846,256],{"class":255},[60,41848,82],{"class":74},[60,41850,2162],{"class":118},[60,41852,128],{"class":74},[60,41854,41855,41857,41860],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,41856,29766],{"class":1537},[60,41858,41859],{"class":1656}," ValueError",[60,41861,1712],{"class":74},[60,41863,41864,41866,41868,41870,41873,41875],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,41865,1718],{"class":134},[60,41867,122],{"class":74},[60,41869,256],{"class":255},[60,41871,41872],{"class":259},"That is not a valid number.",[60,41874,256],{"class":255},[60,41876,128],{"class":74},[20,41878,41879,41880,115],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[260,41881,40830],{"href":40829},[46,41883,41885],{"id":41884},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,41887,10526,41888,544,41890,41892],{},[15,41889,2844],{},[15,41891,2838],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,41894,41895,41897],{},[15,41896,2844],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[51,41899,41901],{"className":53,"code":41900,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41902,41903],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41904,41905,41907,41909,41911,41913,41915,41918,41920],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41906,135],{"class":134},[60,41908,122],{"class":74},[60,41910,2157],{"class":1656},[60,41912,122],{"class":74},[60,41914,256],{"class":255},[60,41916,41917],{"class":259},"3.9",[60,41919,256],{"class":255},[60,41921,315],{"class":74},[20,41923,318],{},[51,41925,41927],{"className":53,"code":41926,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"3.9\n",[15,41928,41929],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41930,41931],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41932,41926],{"class":78},[20,41934,41935,41937],{},[15,41936,2838],{}," creates whole numbers:",[51,41939,41941],{"className":53,"code":41940,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,41942,41943],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41944,41945,41947,41949,41951,41953,41955,41957,41959],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41946,135],{"class":134},[60,41948,122],{"class":74},[60,41950,345],{"class":1656},[60,41952,122],{"class":74},[60,41954,256],{"class":255},[60,41956,873],{"class":259},[60,41958,256],{"class":255},[60,41960,315],{"class":74},[20,41962,318],{},[51,41964,41965],{"className":53,"code":2340,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,41966,41967],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41968,41969],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41970,2340],{"class":78},[20,41972,41973,41974,41977],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,41975,41976],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[51,41979,41981],{"className":53,"code":41980,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41982,41983],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41984,41985,41987,41989,41991,41993,41995,41997,41999],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41986,135],{"class":134},[60,41988,122],{"class":74},[60,41990,345],{"class":1656},[60,41992,122],{"class":74},[60,41994,256],{"class":255},[60,41996,41917],{"class":259},[60,41998,256],{"class":255},[60,42000,315],{"class":74},[20,42002,2961,42003,8537,42005,42008],{},[15,42004,40638],{},[15,42006,42007],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,42010,10649],{},[30,42012,42013,42019],{},[33,42014,42015,42018],{},[15,42016,42017],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[33,42020,42021,42023],{},[15,42022,41976],{}," fails",[20,42025,42026,42027,42030,42031,42033],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[260,42028,42029],{"href":2835},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[260,42032,2384],{"href":2383}," helpful.",[46,42035,1773],{"id":1772},[553,42037,42039],{"id":42038},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,42041,42042,42043,1460,42045,115],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,42044,2452],{},[15,42046,40077],{},[553,42048,42050],{"id":42049},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,42052,42053,42054,1460,42057,115],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,42055,42056],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,42058,42059],{},"\"10\"",[553,42061,42063],{"id":42062},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,42065,1438,42066,42068,42069,115],{},[15,42067,41463],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,42070,40638],{},[553,42072,42074],{"id":42073},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,42076,5096,42077,115],{},[15,42078,3724],{},[553,42080,42082],{"id":42081},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,42084,1812,42085,42087,42088,544,42091,42087,42093,115],{},[15,42086,547],{}," becomes ",[15,42089,42090],{},"1.0",[15,42092,1463],{},[15,42094,3724],{},[46,42096,1842],{"id":1841},[30,42098,42099,42103,42109,42114,42118,42122],{},[33,42100,42101],{},[260,42102,42029],{"href":2835},[33,42104,42105],{},[260,42106,42108],{"href":42107},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[33,42110,42111],{},[260,42112,42113],{"href":40825},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[33,42115,42116],{},[260,42117,8993],{"href":8915},[33,42119,42120],{},[260,42121,40830],{"href":40829},[33,42123,42124],{},[260,42125,42126],{"href":8159},"Python input() Function Explained",[1885,42128,42129],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":42131},[42132,42133,42134,42135,42142,42147,42148,42155,42160,42167,42168,42175],{"id":1971,"depth":104,"text":1972},{"id":40124,"depth":104,"text":40125},{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199},{"id":40349,"depth":104,"text":40350,"children":42136},[42137,42138,42139,42140,42141],{"id":40358,"depth":131,"text":40359},{"id":40422,"depth":131,"text":40423},{"id":40486,"depth":131,"text":40487},{"id":40528,"depth":131,"text":40529},{"id":40583,"depth":131,"text":40584},{"id":40622,"depth":104,"text":40623,"children":42143},[42144,42145,42146],{"id":40631,"depth":131,"text":40632},{"id":40717,"depth":131,"text":40718},{"id":40787,"depth":131,"text":40788},{"id":17353,"depth":104,"text":17354},{"id":40979,"depth":104,"text":40980,"children":42149},[42150,42152,42153,42154],{"id":40983,"depth":131,"text":42151},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":41076,"depth":131,"text":41077},{"id":41162,"depth":131,"text":41163},{"id":41223,"depth":131,"text":41224},{"id":41283,"depth":104,"text":41284,"children":42156},[42157,42158,42159],{"id":41292,"depth":131,"text":41293},{"id":41331,"depth":131,"text":41332},{"id":41372,"depth":131,"text":41373},{"id":41437,"depth":104,"text":41438,"children":42161},[42162,42163,42164,42165,42166],{"id":41447,"depth":131,"text":40638},{"id":41513,"depth":131,"text":2964},{"id":41580,"depth":131,"text":41581},{"id":41654,"depth":131,"text":41655},{"id":41780,"depth":131,"text":41781},{"id":41884,"depth":104,"text":41885},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":42169},[42170,42171,42172,42173,42174],{"id":42038,"depth":131,"text":42039},{"id":42049,"depth":131,"text":42050},{"id":42062,"depth":131,"text":42063},{"id":42073,"depth":131,"text":42074},{"id":42081,"depth":131,"text":42082},{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":40025,"description":42176},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42183,"title":42184,"body":42185,"description":43405,"extension":1930,"meta":43406,"navigation":421,"path":34958,"seo":43407,"stem":43408,"__hash__":43409},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42186,"toc":43371},[42187,42190,42195,42198,42200,42239,42253,42257,42262,42265,42282,42285,42294,42309,42312,42314,42317,42333,42336,42339,42359,42363,42374,42377,42381,42385,42399,42434,42438,42449,42484,42487,42489,42497,42530,42546,42548,42558,42579,42590,42592,42597,42600,42614,42616,42635,42638,42651,42654,42658,42662,42676,42679,42697,42700,42715,42719,42724,42738,42744,42746,42803,42805,42838,42841,42857,42861,42868,42872,42877,42880,42891,42895,42900,42915,42924,42929,42948,42951,42963,42965,42970,42980,42983,43012,43017,43026,43030,43035,43038,43042,43047,43049,43079,43082,43089,43094,43099,43103,43106,43114,43117,43195,43198,43220,43222,43226,43229,43233,43239,43302,43306,43314,43318,43321,43323,43348,43368],[10,42188,42184],{"id":42189},"python-help-function-explained",[20,42191,3544,42192,42194],{},[15,42193,34961],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,42196,42197],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[46,42199,1972],{"id":1971},[51,42201,42203],{"className":53,"code":42202,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,42204,42205,42215,42225],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,42206,42207,42209,42211,42213],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,42208,32085],{"class":134},[60,42210,122],{"class":74},[60,42212,11097],{"class":134},[60,42214,128],{"class":74},[60,42216,42217,42219,42221,42223],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,42218,32085],{"class":134},[60,42220,122],{"class":74},[60,42222,3405],{"class":1656},[60,42224,128],{"class":74},[60,42226,42227,42229,42231,42233,42235,42237],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,42228,32085],{"class":134},[60,42230,122],{"class":74},[60,42232,3261],{"class":255},[60,42234,34592],{"class":259},[60,42236,3261],{"class":255},[60,42238,128],{"class":74},[20,42240,150,42241,42243,42244,1460,42246,42248,42249,42252],{},[15,42242,34961],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,42245,11097],{},[15,42247,3405],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,42250,42251],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[46,42254,42256],{"id":42255},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,42258,42259,42261],{},[15,42260,34961],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,42263,42264],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[30,42266,42267,42270,42273,42276,42279],{},[33,42268,42269],{},"Functions",[33,42271,42272],{},"Classes",[33,42274,42275],{},"Methods",[33,42277,42278],{},"Modules",[33,42280,42281],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,42283,42284],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,42286,42287,42288,42293],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[260,42289,42291],{"href":42290},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,42292,1878],{}," works, you can ask Python directly:",[51,42295,42297],{"className":53,"code":42296,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"help(len)\n",[15,42298,42299],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,42300,42301,42303,42305,42307],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,42302,32085],{"class":134},[60,42304,122],{"class":74},[60,42306,11097],{"class":134},[60,42308,128],{"class":74},[20,42310,42311],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[46,42313,199],{"id":198},[20,42315,42316],{},"The main form is:",[51,42318,42320],{"className":53,"code":42319,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"help(object)\n",[15,42321,42322],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,42323,42324,42326,42328,42331],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,42325,32085],{"class":134},[60,42327,122],{"class":74},[60,42329,42330],{"class":1656},"object",[60,42332,128],{"class":74},[20,42334,42335],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,42337,42338],{},"Common examples include:",[30,42340,42341,42345,42350,42354],{},[33,42342,42343],{},[15,42344,11097],{},[33,42346,42347],{},[15,42348,42349],{},"list.append",[33,42351,42352],{},[15,42353,3405],{},[33,42355,42356],{},[15,42357,42358],{},"open",[20,42360,7117,42361,7120],{},[15,42362,34961],{},[51,42364,42366],{"className":53,"code":42365,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"help()\n",[15,42367,42368],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,42369,42370,42372],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,42371,32085],{"class":134},[60,42373,8579],{"class":74},[20,42375,42376],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[46,42378,42380],{"id":42379},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[553,42382,42384],{"id":42383},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,42386,42387,42388,2154,42390,2154,42392,17007,42395,115],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,42389,11097],{},[15,42391,135],{},[15,42393,42394],{},"input",[260,42396,42397],{"href":2263},[15,42398,2266],{},[51,42400,42402],{"className":53,"code":42401,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,42403,42404,42414,42424],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,42405,42406,42408,42410,42412],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,42407,32085],{"class":134},[60,42409,122],{"class":74},[60,42411,135],{"class":134},[60,42413,128],{"class":74},[60,42415,42416,42418,42420,42422],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,42417,32085],{"class":134},[60,42419,122],{"class":74},[60,42421,42394],{"class":134},[60,42423,128],{"class":74},[60,42425,42426,42428,42430,42432],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,42427,32085],{"class":134},[60,42429,122],{"class":74},[60,42431,1657],{"class":1656},[60,42433,128],{"class":74},[553,42435,42437],{"id":42436},"data-types","Data types",[20,42439,42440,42441,2154,42443,2154,42445,17007,42447,115],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,42442,3405],{},[15,42444,8033],{},[15,42446,8756],{},[15,42448,6228],{},[51,42450,42452],{"className":53,"code":42451,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,42453,42454,42464,42474],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,42455,42456,42458,42460,42462],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,42457,32085],{"class":134},[60,42459,122],{"class":74},[60,42461,3405],{"class":1656},[60,42463,128],{"class":74},[60,42465,42466,42468,42470,42472],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,42467,32085],{"class":134},[60,42469,122],{"class":74},[60,42471,8033],{"class":1656},[60,42473,128],{"class":74},[60,42475,42476,42478,42480,42482],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,42477,32085],{"class":134},[60,42479,122],{"class":74},[60,42481,8756],{"class":1656},[60,42483,128],{"class":74},[20,42485,42486],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[553,42488,42275],{"id":34439},[20,42490,42491,42492,544,42495,115],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,42493,42494],{},"str.split",[15,42496,42349],{},[51,42498,42500],{"className":53,"code":42499,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,42501,42502,42516],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,42503,42504,42506,42508,42510,42512,42514],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,42505,32085],{"class":134},[60,42507,122],{"class":74},[60,42509,3405],{"class":1656},[60,42511,115],{"class":74},[60,42513,34402],{"class":24682},[60,42515,128],{"class":74},[60,42517,42518,42520,42522,42524,42526,42528],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,42519,32085],{"class":134},[60,42521,122],{"class":74},[60,42523,8033],{"class":1656},[60,42525,115],{"class":74},[60,42527,13488],{"class":24682},[60,42529,128],{"class":74},[20,42531,42532,42533,8640,42535,28246,42540,42542,42543,42545],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,42534,34961],{},[260,42536,42538],{"href":42537},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,42539,34244],{},[15,42541,34244],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,42544,34961],{}," explains one of them.",[553,42547,42278],{"id":34592},[20,42549,42550,42551,2154,42553,17007,42555,115],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,42552,18350],{},[15,42554,35124],{},[15,42556,42557],{},"os",[51,42559,42561],{"className":53,"code":42560,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,42562,42563,42569],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,42564,42565,42567],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,42566,35025],{"class":1537},[60,42568,35028],{"class":66},[60,42570,42571,42573,42575,42577],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,42572,32085],{"class":134},[60,42574,122],{"class":74},[60,42576,18350],{"class":118},[60,42578,128],{"class":74},[20,42580,42581,42582,42586,42587,115],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[260,42583,42585],{"href":42584},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[260,42588,35091],{"href":42589},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[46,42591,34852],{"id":34851},[20,42593,42594,42596],{},[15,42595,34961],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,42598,42599],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[30,42601,42602,42605,42608,42611],{},[33,42603,42604],{},"The function signature",[33,42606,42607],{},"The short description",[33,42609,42610],{},"Parameter names",[33,42612,42613],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,42615,5418],{},[51,42617,42619],{"className":53,"code":42618,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42620,42621],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,42622,42623,42625,42627,42629,42631,42633],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,42624,32085],{"class":134},[60,42626,122],{"class":74},[60,42628,3405],{"class":1656},[60,42630,115],{"class":74},[60,42632,34402],{"class":24682},[60,42634,128],{"class":74},[20,42636,42637],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[30,42639,42640,42643,42646,42648],{},[33,42641,42642],{},"What object this is",[33,42644,42645],{},"What arguments it accepts",[33,42647,21903],{},[33,42649,42650],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,42652,42653],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[46,42655,42657],{"id":42656},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,42659,42660,29805],{},[15,42661,34961],{},[30,42663,42664,42667,42670,42673],{},[33,42665,42666],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[33,42668,42669],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[33,42671,42672],{},"You are exploring a new module",[33,42674,42675],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,42677,42678],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[51,42680,42681],{"className":53,"code":42618,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,42682,42683],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,42684,42685,42687,42689,42691,42693,42695],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,42686,32085],{"class":134},[60,42688,122],{"class":74},[60,42690,3405],{"class":1656},[60,42692,115],{"class":74},[60,42694,34402],{"class":24682},[60,42696,128],{"class":74},[20,42698,42699],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[51,42701,42703],{"className":53,"code":42702,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"help(open)\n",[15,42704,42705],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,42706,42707,42709,42711,42713],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,42708,32085],{"class":134},[60,42710,122],{"class":74},[60,42712,42358],{"class":134},[60,42714,128],{"class":74},[46,42716,42718],{"id":42717},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,42720,42721,42723],{},[15,42722,34961],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[30,42725,42726,42729,42732,42735],{},[33,42727,42728],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[33,42730,42731],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[33,42733,42734],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[33,42736,42737],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,42739,42740,42741,42743],{},"So, ",[15,42742,34961],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,42745,5418],{},[51,42747,42749],{"className":53,"code":42748,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,42750,42751,42764,42788,42792],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,42752,42753,42755,42757,42759,42762],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,42754,34621],{"class":66},[60,42756,71],{"class":70},[60,42758,267],{"class":255},[60,42760,42761],{"class":259},"a,b,c",[60,42763,3320],{"class":255},[60,42765,42766,42769,42771,42774,42776,42778,42780,42782,42784,42786],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,42767,42768],{"class":66},"parts ",[60,42770,71],{"class":70},[60,42772,42773],{"class":66}," text",[60,42775,115],{"class":74},[60,42777,34402],{"class":118},[60,42779,122],{"class":74},[60,42781,256],{"class":255},[60,42783,82],{"class":259},[60,42785,256],{"class":255},[60,42787,128],{"class":74},[60,42789,42790],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,42791,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,42793,42794,42796,42798,42801],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,42795,135],{"class":134},[60,42797,122],{"class":74},[60,42799,42800],{"class":118},"parts",[60,42802,128],{"class":74},[20,42804,5505],{},[51,42806,42808],{"className":53,"code":42807,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,42809,42810],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,42811,42812,42814,42816,42818,42820,42822,42824,42826,42828,42830,42832,42834,42836],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,42813,3854],{"class":74},[60,42815,3261],{"class":255},[60,42817,260],{"class":259},[60,42819,3261],{"class":255},[60,42821,82],{"class":74},[60,42823,3256],{"class":255},[60,42825,270],{"class":259},[60,42827,3261],{"class":255},[60,42829,82],{"class":74},[60,42831,3256],{"class":255},[60,42833,287],{"class":259},[60,42835,3261],{"class":255},[60,42837,101],{"class":74},[20,42839,42840],{},"A good workflow is:",[28646,42842,42843,42848,42851,42854],{},[33,42844,150,42845,42847],{},[15,42846,34961],{}," to inspect something",[33,42849,42850],{},"Write a tiny example",[33,42852,42853],{},"Check the result",[33,42855,42856],{},"Repeat",[46,42858,42860],{"id":42859},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,42862,42863,544,42865,42867],{},[15,42864,34961],{},[15,42866,34244],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[553,42869,42870],{"id":32085},[15,42871,34961],{},[20,42873,150,42874,42876],{},[15,42875,34961],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,42878,42879],{},"It tells you:",[30,42881,42882,42885,42888],{},[33,42883,42884],{},"What something is",[33,42886,42887],{},"How to use it",[33,42889,42890],{},"What parameters it accepts",[553,42892,42893],{"id":34305},[15,42894,34244],{},[20,42896,150,42897,42899],{},[15,42898,34244],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[51,42901,42903],{"className":53,"code":42902,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dir(str)\n",[15,42904,42905],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,42906,42907,42909,42911,42913],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,42908,34305],{"class":134},[60,42910,122],{"class":74},[60,42912,3405],{"class":1656},[60,42914,128],{"class":74},[20,42916,42917,42918,2154,42920,17007,42922,115],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,42919,34402],{},[15,42921,8570],{},[15,42923,8576],{},[20,42925,42926,42927,166],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,42928,34961],{},[51,42930,42932],{"className":53,"code":42931,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,42933,42934],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,42935,42936,42938,42940,42942,42944,42946],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,42937,32085],{"class":134},[60,42939,122],{"class":74},[60,42941,3405],{"class":1656},[60,42943,115],{"class":74},[60,42945,8576],{"class":24682},[60,42947,128],{"class":74},[20,42949,42950],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[30,42952,42953,42958],{},[33,42954,150,42955,42957],{},[15,42956,34244],{}," to discover options",[33,42959,150,42960,42962],{},[15,42961,34961],{}," to understand one option",[46,42964,1351],{"id":1350},[20,42966,42967,42968,115],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,42969,34961],{},[553,42971,8356,42973,42976,42977],{"id":42972},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,42974,42975],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,42978,42979],{},"help(len)",[20,42981,42982],{},"These are not always the same.",[51,42984,42986],{"className":53,"code":42985,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,42987,42988,42998],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,42989,42990,42992,42994,42996],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,42991,32085],{"class":134},[60,42993,122],{"class":74},[60,42995,11097],{"class":134},[60,42997,128],{"class":74},[60,42999,43000,43002,43004,43006,43008,43010],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,43001,32085],{"class":134},[60,43003,122],{"class":74},[60,43005,3261],{"class":255},[60,43007,11097],{"class":259},[60,43009,3261],{"class":255},[60,43011,128],{"class":74},[20,43013,43014,43016],{},[15,43015,42979],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,43018,43019,43021,43022,43025],{},[15,43020,42975],{}," treats ",[15,43023,43024],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[553,43027,43029],{"id":43028},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,43031,43032,43034],{},[15,43033,34961],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,43036,43037],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[553,43039,43041],{"id":43040},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,43043,40277,43044,43046],{},[15,43045,34961],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,43048,238],{},[51,43050,43052],{"className":53,"code":43051,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,43053,43054,43064],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,43055,43056,43058,43060,43062],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,43057,32085],{"class":134},[60,43059,122],{"class":74},[60,43061,11097],{"class":134},[60,43063,128],{"class":74},[60,43065,43066,43068,43070,43072,43075,43077],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,43067,135],{"class":134},[60,43069,122],{"class":74},[60,43071,256],{"class":255},[60,43073,43074],{"class":259},"Done",[60,43076,256],{"class":255},[60,43078,128],{"class":74},[20,43080,43081],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[553,43083,37138,43085,8640,43087],{"id":43084},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,43086,34961],{},[15,43088,34244],{},[20,43090,43091,43092,115],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,43093,34244],{},[20,43095,43096,43097,115],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,43098,34961],{},[46,43100,43102],{"id":43101},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,43104,43105],{},"Open Python:",[51,43107,43108],{"className":53,"code":35477,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,43109,43110],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,43111,43112],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,43113,35477],{"class":66},[20,43115,43116],{},"Then test these commands:",[51,43118,43120],{"className":53,"code":43119,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,43121,43122,43132,43146,43160,43170,43185],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,43123,43124,43126,43128,43130],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,43125,32085],{"class":134},[60,43127,122],{"class":74},[60,43129,11097],{"class":134},[60,43131,128],{"class":74},[60,43133,43134,43136,43138,43140,43142,43144],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,43135,32085],{"class":134},[60,43137,122],{"class":74},[60,43139,3405],{"class":1656},[60,43141,115],{"class":74},[60,43143,34402],{"class":24682},[60,43145,128],{"class":74},[60,43147,43148,43150,43152,43154,43156,43158],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,43149,32085],{"class":134},[60,43151,122],{"class":74},[60,43153,8033],{"class":1656},[60,43155,115],{"class":74},[60,43157,13488],{"class":24682},[60,43159,128],{"class":74},[60,43161,43162,43164,43166,43168],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,43163,32085],{"class":134},[60,43165,122],{"class":74},[60,43167,42358],{"class":134},[60,43169,128],{"class":74},[60,43171,43172,43174,43176,43178,43181,43183],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,43173,32085],{"class":134},[60,43175,122],{"class":74},[60,43177,3261],{"class":255},[60,43179,43180],{"class":259},"keywords",[60,43182,3261],{"class":255},[60,43184,128],{"class":74},[60,43186,43187,43189,43191,43193],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,43188,34305],{"class":134},[60,43190,122],{"class":74},[60,43192,3405],{"class":1656},[60,43194,128],{"class":74},[20,43196,43197],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[30,43199,43200,43203,43206,43209,43212,43215],{},[33,43201,43202],{},"A built-in function",[33,43204,43205],{},"A string method",[33,43207,43208],{},"A list method",[33,43210,43211],{},"A built-in file function",[33,43213,43214],{},"A special help topic",[33,43216,15123,43217,43219],{},[15,43218,34244],{}," example for comparison",[46,43221,1773],{"id":1772},[553,43223,43225],{"id":43224},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,43227,43228],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[553,43230,43232],{"id":43231},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,43234,43235,43236,43238],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,43237,34961],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[51,43240,43242],{"className":53,"code":43241,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,43243,43244,43256,43269,43288,43292],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,43245,43246,43248,43250,43252,43254],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,43247,34785],{"class":2033},[60,43249,34789],{"class":34788},[60,43251,122],{"class":74},[60,43253,7611],{"class":37597},[60,43255,8281],{"class":74},[60,43257,43258,43262,43266],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,43259,43261],{"class":43260},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[60,43263,43265],{"class":43264},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[60,43267,43268],{"class":43260},"\"\"\"\n",[60,43270,43271,43273,43276,43279,43281,43283,43285],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,43272,34796],{"class":1537},[60,43274,43275],{"class":2033}," f",[60,43277,43278],{"class":259},"\"Hello, ",[60,43280,9213],{"class":78},[60,43282,7611],{"class":66},[60,43284,22236],{"class":78},[60,43286,43287],{"class":259},"!\"\n",[60,43289,43290],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,43291,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,43293,43294,43296,43298,43300],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,43295,32085],{"class":134},[60,43297,122],{"class":74},[60,43299,34831],{"class":118},[60,43301,128],{"class":74},[553,43303,43305],{"id":43304},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,43307,43308,43310,43311,43313],{},[15,43309,42979],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,43312,42975],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[553,43315,43317],{"id":43316},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,43319,43320],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[46,43322,1842],{"id":1841},[30,43324,43325,43330,43334,43339,43344],{},[33,43326,43327],{},[260,43328,43329],{"href":42537},"Python dir() function explained",[33,43331,43332],{},[260,43333,8381],{"href":2263},[33,43335,43336],{},[260,43337,43338],{"href":42290},"Python len() function explained",[33,43340,43341],{},[260,43342,43343],{"href":42584},"How import works in Python",[33,43345,43346],{},[260,43347,35091],{"href":42589},[20,43349,43350,43351,43353,43354,2154,43356,17007,43358,43360,43361,1460,43364,43367],{},"Try ",[15,43352,34961],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,43355,11097],{},[15,43357,135],{},[15,43359,42394],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,43362,43363],{},"dir(str)",[15,43365,43366],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[1885,43369,43370],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":43372},[43373,43374,43375,43376,43382,43383,43384,43385,43389,43397,43398,43404],{"id":1971,"depth":104,"text":1972},{"id":42255,"depth":104,"text":42256},{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199},{"id":42379,"depth":104,"text":42380,"children":43377},[43378,43379,43380,43381],{"id":42383,"depth":131,"text":42384},{"id":42436,"depth":131,"text":42437},{"id":34439,"depth":131,"text":42275},{"id":34592,"depth":131,"text":42278},{"id":34851,"depth":104,"text":34852},{"id":42656,"depth":104,"text":42657},{"id":42717,"depth":104,"text":42718},{"id":42859,"depth":104,"text":42860,"children":43386},[43387,43388],{"id":32085,"depth":131,"text":34961},{"id":34305,"depth":131,"text":34244},{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351,"children":43390},[43391,43393,43394,43395],{"id":42972,"depth":131,"text":43392},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":43028,"depth":131,"text":43029},{"id":43040,"depth":131,"text":43041},{"id":43084,"depth":131,"text":43396},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43101,"depth":104,"text":43102},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":43399},[43400,43401,43402,43403],{"id":43224,"depth":131,"text":43225},{"id":43231,"depth":131,"text":43232},{"id":43304,"depth":131,"text":43305},{"id":43316,"depth":131,"text":43317},{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42184,"description":43405},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43411,"title":43412,"body":43413,"description":44774,"extension":1930,"meta":44775,"navigation":421,"path":44776,"seo":44777,"stem":44778,"__hash__":44779},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43414,"toc":44747},[43415,43421,43426,43432,43442,43501,43511,43522,43527,43533,43535,43553,43561,43563,43565,43580,43582,43593,43595,43686,43689,43693,43698,43719,43721,43832,43834,43861,43872,43876,43879,43962,43964,43972,43978,43984,43988,43991,44101,44103,44116,44119,44133,44141,44148,44153,44167,44173,44286,44288,44349,44352,44358,44364,44367,44389,44392,44462,44465,44497,44504,44506,44509,44527,44530,44542,44548,44550,44555,44581,44584,44656,44658,44664,44667,44673,44676,44682,44692,44698,44701,44708,44711,44713,44744],[10,43416,1875,43418,3541],{"id":43417},"python-id-function-explained",[15,43419,43420],{},"id()",[20,43422,32250,43423,43425],{},[15,43424,43420],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,43427,43428,43429,43431],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,43430,43420],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,43433,150,43434,43436,43437,43439,43440,115],{},[15,43435,43420],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[3698,43438,4581],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,43441,4639],{},[51,43443,43445],{"className":53,"code":43444,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,43446,43447,43459,43473,43477,43487],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,43448,43449,43451,43453,43455,43457],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,43450,7816],{"class":66},[60,43452,71],{"class":70},[60,43454,267],{"class":255},[60,43456,7239],{"class":259},[60,43458,3320],{"class":255},[60,43460,43461,43463,43465,43467,43469,43471],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,43462,135],{"class":134},[60,43464,122],{"class":74},[60,43466,12586],{"class":134},[60,43468,122],{"class":74},[60,43470,7611],{"class":118},[60,43472,315],{"class":74},[60,43474,43475],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,43476,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,43478,43479,43482,43484],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,43480,43481],{"class":66},"other ",[60,43483,71],{"class":70},[60,43485,43486],{"class":66}," name\n",[60,43488,43489,43491,43493,43495,43497,43499],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,43490,135],{"class":134},[60,43492,122],{"class":74},[60,43494,12586],{"class":134},[60,43496,122],{"class":74},[60,43498,30675],{"class":118},[60,43500,315],{"class":74},[20,43502,43503,43504,43507,43508,43510],{},"In this example, ",[15,43505,43506],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,43509,43420],{}," values match.",[43512,43513,43514],"blockquote",{},[20,43515,150,43516,43518,43519,43521],{},[15,43517,43420],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,43520,4639],{}," for value comparison.",[46,43523,158,43525,161],{"id":43524},"what-id-does",[15,43526,43420],{},[20,43528,43529,43532],{},[15,43530,43531],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,43534,12989],{},[30,43536,43537,43540,43547,43550],{},[33,43538,43539],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[33,43541,43542,43543,43546],{},"It shows ",[3698,43544,43545],{},"object identity",", not object value",[33,43548,43549],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[33,43551,43552],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,43554,43555,43556,43560],{},"This is closely related to how ",[260,43557,43559],{"href":43558},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[46,43562,199],{"id":198},[20,43564,5380],{},[51,43566,43568],{"className":53,"code":43567,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"id(object)\n",[15,43569,43570],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,43571,43572,43574,43576,43578],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,43573,12586],{"class":134},[60,43575,122],{"class":74},[60,43577,42330],{"class":1656},[60,43579,128],{"class":74},[20,43581,531],{},[30,43583,43584,43587,43590],{},[33,43585,43586],{},"It takes one argument",[33,43588,43589],{},"It returns an integer",[33,43591,43592],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,43594,238],{},[51,43596,43598],{"className":53,"code":43597,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43599,43600,43612,43620,43640,43644,43658,43672],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,43601,43602,43604,43606,43608,43610],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,43603,34621],{"class":66},[60,43605,71],{"class":70},[60,43607,267],{"class":255},[60,43609,3801],{"class":259},[60,43611,3320],{"class":255},[60,43613,43614,43616,43618],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,43615,2182],{"class":66},[60,43617,71],{"class":70},[60,43619,2730],{"class":78},[60,43621,43622,43624,43626,43628,43630,43632,43634,43636,43638],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,43623,777],{"class":66},[60,43625,71],{"class":70},[60,43627,75],{"class":74},[60,43629,79],{"class":78},[60,43631,82],{"class":74},[60,43633,85],{"class":78},[60,43635,82],{"class":74},[60,43637,94],{"class":78},[60,43639,101],{"class":74},[60,43641,43642],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,43643,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,43645,43646,43648,43650,43652,43654,43656],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,43647,135],{"class":134},[60,43649,122],{"class":74},[60,43651,12586],{"class":134},[60,43653,122],{"class":74},[60,43655,34642],{"class":118},[60,43657,315],{"class":74},[60,43659,43660,43662,43664,43666,43668,43670],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,43661,135],{"class":134},[60,43663,122],{"class":74},[60,43665,12586],{"class":134},[60,43667,122],{"class":74},[60,43669,2204],{"class":118},[60,43671,315],{"class":74},[60,43673,43674,43676,43678,43680,43682,43684],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,43675,135],{"class":134},[60,43677,122],{"class":74},[60,43679,12586],{"class":134},[60,43681,122],{"class":74},[60,43683,828],{"class":118},[60,43685,315],{"class":74},[20,43687,43688],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[46,43690,43692],{"id":43691},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,43694,43695,43696,115],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,43697,43420],{},[30,43699,43700,43707,43714],{},[33,43701,43702,43704,43705],{},[15,43703,4639],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[3698,43706,221],{},[33,43708,43709,43711,43712],{},[15,43710,12130],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[3698,43713,42330],{},[33,43715,43716,43718],{},[15,43717,43420],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,43720,238],{},[51,43722,43724],{"className":53,"code":43723,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,43725,43726,43746,43766,43770,43787,43804,43818],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,43727,43728,43730,43732,43734,43736,43738,43740,43742,43744],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,43729,2515],{"class":66},[60,43731,71],{"class":70},[60,43733,75],{"class":74},[60,43735,79],{"class":78},[60,43737,82],{"class":74},[60,43739,85],{"class":78},[60,43741,82],{"class":74},[60,43743,94],{"class":78},[60,43745,101],{"class":74},[60,43747,43748,43750,43752,43754,43756,43758,43760,43762,43764],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,43749,2543],{"class":66},[60,43751,71],{"class":70},[60,43753,75],{"class":74},[60,43755,79],{"class":78},[60,43757,82],{"class":74},[60,43759,85],{"class":78},[60,43761,82],{"class":74},[60,43763,94],{"class":78},[60,43765,101],{"class":74},[60,43767,43768],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,43769,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,43771,43772,43774,43776,43778,43780,43782,43784],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,43773,135],{"class":134},[60,43775,122],{"class":74},[60,43777,2515],{"class":118},[60,43779,4639],{"class":70},[60,43781,2520],{"class":118},[60,43783,143],{"class":74},[60,43785,43786],{"class":146},"   # True\n",[60,43788,43789,43791,43793,43795,43797,43799,43801],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,43790,135],{"class":134},[60,43792,122],{"class":74},[60,43794,2515],{"class":118},[60,43796,12130],{"class":1537},[60,43798,2520],{"class":118},[60,43800,143],{"class":74},[60,43802,43803],{"class":146},"   # False\n",[60,43805,43806,43808,43810,43812,43814,43816],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,43807,135],{"class":134},[60,43809,122],{"class":74},[60,43811,12586],{"class":134},[60,43813,122],{"class":74},[60,43815,260],{"class":118},[60,43817,315],{"class":74},[60,43819,43820,43822,43824,43826,43828,43830],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,43821,135],{"class":134},[60,43823,122],{"class":74},[60,43825,12586],{"class":134},[60,43827,122],{"class":74},[60,43829,270],{"class":118},[60,43831,315],{"class":74},[20,43833,2144],{},[30,43835,43836,43844,43852],{},[33,43837,43838,4733,43841,43843],{},[15,43839,43840],{},"a == b",[15,43842,547],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[33,43845,43846,4733,43849,43851],{},[15,43847,43848],{},"a is b",[15,43850,1463],{}," because they are different list objects",[33,43853,43854,544,43857,43860],{},[15,43855,43856],{},"id(a)",[15,43858,43859],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,43862,43863,43864,544,43868,115],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[260,43865,43867],{"href":43866},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[260,43869,43871],{"href":43870},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[46,43873,43875],{"id":43874},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,43877,43878],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[51,43880,43882],{"className":53,"code":43881,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,43883,43884,43904,43914,43918,43932,43947],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,43885,43886,43888,43890,43892,43894,43896,43898,43900,43902],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,43887,67],{"class":66},[60,43889,71],{"class":70},[60,43891,75],{"class":74},[60,43893,873],{"class":78},[60,43895,82],{"class":74},[60,43897,878],{"class":78},[60,43899,82],{"class":74},[60,43901,888],{"class":78},[60,43903,101],{"class":74},[60,43905,43906,43909,43911],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,43907,43908],{"class":66},"other_numbers ",[60,43910,71],{"class":70},[60,43912,43913],{"class":66}," numbers\n",[60,43915,43916],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,43917,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,43919,43920,43922,43924,43926,43928,43930],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,43921,135],{"class":134},[60,43923,122],{"class":74},[60,43925,12586],{"class":134},[60,43927,122],{"class":74},[60,43929,1506],{"class":118},[60,43931,315],{"class":74},[60,43933,43934,43936,43938,43940,43942,43945],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,43935,135],{"class":134},[60,43937,122],{"class":74},[60,43939,12586],{"class":134},[60,43941,122],{"class":74},[60,43943,43944],{"class":118},"other_numbers",[60,43946,315],{"class":74},[60,43948,43949,43951,43953,43955,43957,43960],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,43950,135],{"class":134},[60,43952,122],{"class":74},[60,43954,67],{"class":118},[60,43956,12130],{"class":1537},[60,43958,43959],{"class":118}," other_numbers",[60,43961,128],{"class":74},[20,43963,5505],{},[51,43965,43966],{"className":53,"code":3933,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,43967,43968],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,43969,43970],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,43971,3933],{"class":685},[20,43973,43974,43975,43977],{},"The two ",[15,43976,43420],{}," values will also match.",[20,43979,22122,43980,43983],{},[15,43981,43982],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[46,43985,43987],{"id":43986},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,43989,43990],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[51,43992,43994],{"className":53,"code":43993,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,43995,43996,44017,44038,44042,44057,44071,44086],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,43997,43998,44001,44003,44005,44007,44009,44011,44013,44015],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,43999,44000],{"class":66},"list_a ",[60,44002,71],{"class":70},[60,44004,75],{"class":74},[60,44006,79],{"class":78},[60,44008,82],{"class":74},[60,44010,85],{"class":78},[60,44012,82],{"class":74},[60,44014,94],{"class":78},[60,44016,101],{"class":74},[60,44018,44019,44022,44024,44026,44028,44030,44032,44034,44036],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,44020,44021],{"class":66},"list_b ",[60,44023,71],{"class":70},[60,44025,75],{"class":74},[60,44027,79],{"class":78},[60,44029,82],{"class":74},[60,44031,85],{"class":78},[60,44033,82],{"class":74},[60,44035,94],{"class":78},[60,44037,101],{"class":74},[60,44039,44040],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,44041,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,44043,44044,44046,44048,44050,44052,44055],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,44045,135],{"class":134},[60,44047,122],{"class":74},[60,44049,44000],{"class":118},[60,44051,4639],{"class":70},[60,44053,44054],{"class":118}," list_b",[60,44056,128],{"class":74},[60,44058,44059,44061,44063,44065,44067,44069],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,44060,135],{"class":134},[60,44062,122],{"class":74},[60,44064,44000],{"class":118},[60,44066,12130],{"class":1537},[60,44068,44054],{"class":118},[60,44070,128],{"class":74},[60,44072,44073,44075,44077,44079,44081,44084],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,44074,135],{"class":134},[60,44076,122],{"class":74},[60,44078,12586],{"class":134},[60,44080,122],{"class":74},[60,44082,44083],{"class":118},"list_a",[60,44085,315],{"class":74},[60,44087,44088,44090,44092,44094,44096,44099],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,44089,135],{"class":134},[60,44091,122],{"class":74},[60,44093,12586],{"class":134},[60,44095,122],{"class":74},[60,44097,44098],{"class":118},"list_b",[60,44100,315],{"class":74},[20,44102,5505],{},[51,44104,44106],{"className":53,"code":44105,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"True\nFalse\n",[15,44107,44108,44112],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,44109,44110],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,44111,3933],{"class":685},[60,44113,44114],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,44115,3994],{"class":685},[20,44117,44118],{},"What this means:",[30,44120,44121,44124,44127],{},[33,44122,44123],{},"The lists are equal in value",[33,44125,44126],{},"They are not the same object",[33,44128,44129,44130,44132],{},"Their ",[15,44131,43420],{}," values are usually different",[20,44134,44135,44136,44138,44139,115],{},"This is why ",[15,44137,43420],{}," should not replace ",[15,44140,4639],{},[46,44142,44144,44145,44147],{"id":44143},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,44146,43420],{}," is useful",[20,44149,44150,44152],{},[15,44151,43420],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[30,44154,44155,44158,44161,44164],{},[33,44156,44157],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[33,44159,44160],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[33,44162,44163],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[33,44165,44166],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,44168,44169,44170,44172],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,44171,43420],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[51,44174,44176],{"className":53,"code":44175,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,44177,44178,44202,44211,44215,44234,44238,44248,44258,44272],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,44179,44180,44182,44184,44186,44188,44190,44192,44194,44196,44198,44200],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,44181,12022],{"class":66},[60,44183,71],{"class":70},[60,44185,75],{"class":74},[60,44187,256],{"class":255},[60,44189,260],{"class":259},[60,44191,256],{"class":255},[60,44193,82],{"class":74},[60,44195,267],{"class":255},[60,44197,270],{"class":259},[60,44199,256],{"class":255},[60,44201,101],{"class":74},[60,44203,44204,44207,44209],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,44205,44206],{"class":66},"copy_ref ",[60,44208,71],{"class":70},[60,44210,12060],{"class":66},[60,44212,44213],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,44214,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,44216,44217,44220,44222,44224,44226,44228,44230,44232],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,44218,44219],{"class":66},"copy_ref",[60,44221,115],{"class":74},[60,44223,13488],{"class":118},[60,44225,122],{"class":74},[60,44227,256],{"class":255},[60,44229,287],{"class":259},[60,44231,256],{"class":255},[60,44233,128],{"class":74},[60,44235,44236],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,44237,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,44239,44240,44242,44244,44246],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,44241,135],{"class":134},[60,44243,122],{"class":74},[60,44245,12069],{"class":118},[60,44247,128],{"class":74},[60,44249,44250,44252,44254,44256],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,44251,135],{"class":134},[60,44253,122],{"class":74},[60,44255,44219],{"class":118},[60,44257,128],{"class":74},[60,44259,44260,44262,44264,44266,44268,44270],{"class":62,"line":6367},[60,44261,135],{"class":134},[60,44263,122],{"class":74},[60,44265,12586],{"class":134},[60,44267,122],{"class":74},[60,44269,12069],{"class":118},[60,44271,315],{"class":74},[60,44273,44274,44276,44278,44280,44282,44284],{"class":62,"line":6373},[60,44275,135],{"class":134},[60,44277,122],{"class":74},[60,44279,12586],{"class":134},[60,44281,122],{"class":74},[60,44283,44219],{"class":118},[60,44285,315],{"class":74},[20,44287,5505],{},[51,44289,44291],{"className":53,"code":44290,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,44292,44293,44321],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,44294,44295,44297,44299,44301,44303,44305,44307,44309,44311,44313,44315,44317,44319],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,44296,3854],{"class":74},[60,44298,3261],{"class":255},[60,44300,260],{"class":259},[60,44302,3261],{"class":255},[60,44304,82],{"class":74},[60,44306,3256],{"class":255},[60,44308,270],{"class":259},[60,44310,3261],{"class":255},[60,44312,82],{"class":74},[60,44314,3256],{"class":255},[60,44316,287],{"class":259},[60,44318,3261],{"class":255},[60,44320,101],{"class":74},[60,44322,44323,44325,44327,44329,44331,44333,44335,44337,44339,44341,44343,44345,44347],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,44324,3854],{"class":74},[60,44326,3261],{"class":255},[60,44328,260],{"class":259},[60,44330,3261],{"class":255},[60,44332,82],{"class":74},[60,44334,3256],{"class":255},[60,44336,270],{"class":259},[60,44338,3261],{"class":255},[60,44340,82],{"class":74},[60,44342,3256],{"class":255},[60,44344,287],{"class":259},[60,44346,3261],{"class":255},[60,44348,101],{"class":74},[20,44350,44351],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[46,44353,44355,44356],{"id":44354},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,44357,43420],{},[20,44359,44360,44361,44363],{},"Do not use ",[15,44362,43420],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,44365,44366],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[30,44368,44369,44375,44381,44384],{},[33,44370,44371,44372,44374],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,44373,4639],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[33,44376,44377,44378,44380],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,44379,43420],{}," values across program runs",[33,44382,44383],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[33,44385,44386,44387],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,44388,43420],{},[20,44390,44391],{},"Bad example:",[51,44393,44395],{"className":53,"code":44394,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44396,44397,44409,44421,44425,44447],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,44398,44399,44401,44403,44405,44407],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,44400,2515],{"class":66},[60,44402,71],{"class":70},[60,44404,267],{"class":255},[60,44406,959],{"class":259},[60,44408,3320],{"class":255},[60,44410,44411,44413,44415,44417,44419],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,44412,2543],{"class":66},[60,44414,71],{"class":70},[60,44416,267],{"class":255},[60,44418,959],{"class":259},[60,44420,3320],{"class":255},[60,44422,44423],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,44424,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,44426,44427,44429,44431,44433,44435,44437,44439,44441,44443,44445],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,44428,6939],{"class":1537},[60,44430,14751],{"class":134},[60,44432,122],{"class":74},[60,44434,260],{"class":118},[60,44436,143],{"class":74},[60,44438,6349],{"class":70},[60,44440,14751],{"class":134},[60,44442,122],{"class":74},[60,44444,270],{"class":118},[60,44446,8281],{"class":74},[60,44448,44449,44451,44453,44455,44458,44460],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,44450,1718],{"class":134},[60,44452,122],{"class":74},[60,44454,256],{"class":255},[60,44456,44457],{"class":259},"The values are equal",[60,44459,256],{"class":255},[60,44461,128],{"class":74},[20,44463,44464],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[51,44466,44468],{"className":53,"code":44467,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44469,44470,44483],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,44471,44472,44474,44477,44479,44481],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,44473,6939],{"class":1537},[60,44475,44476],{"class":66}," a ",[60,44478,4639],{"class":70},[60,44480,2520],{"class":66},[60,44482,1712],{"class":74},[60,44484,44485,44487,44489,44491,44493,44495],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,44486,1718],{"class":134},[60,44488,122],{"class":74},[60,44490,256],{"class":255},[60,44492,44457],{"class":259},[60,44494,256],{"class":255},[60,44496,128],{"class":74},[20,44498,150,44499,1460,44501,44503],{},[15,44500,12130],{},[15,44502,43420],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[46,44505,20734],{"id":20733},[20,44507,44508],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[30,44510,44511,44514,44517,44522],{},[33,44512,44513],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[33,44515,44516],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[33,44518,44519,44520],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,44521,43420],{},[33,44523,44524,44525],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,44526,43420],{},[20,44528,44529],{},"The important rule is:",[30,44531,44532,44537],{},[33,44533,150,44534,44536],{},[15,44535,4639],{}," to check value",[33,44538,150,44539,44541],{},[15,44540,12130],{}," to check identity",[20,44543,44544,44545,44547],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,44546,43420],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[46,44549,1351],{"id":1350},[20,44551,44552,44553,166],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,44554,43420],{},[30,44556,44557,44565,44568,44571,44576],{},[33,44558,8356,44559,44561,44562,44564],{},[15,44560,43420],{}," when ",[15,44563,4639],{}," should be used",[33,44566,44567],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[33,44569,44570],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[33,44572,44573,44574],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44575,43420],{},[33,44577,8356,44578,44580],{},[15,44579,43420],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,44582,44583],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[51,44585,44587],{"className":53,"code":44586,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44588,44589,44604,44618,44632,44646],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,44590,44591,44593,44595,44597,44599,44602],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,44592,135],{"class":134},[60,44594,122],{"class":74},[60,44596,12586],{"class":134},[60,44598,122],{"class":74},[60,44600,44601],{"class":118},"my_object",[60,44603,315],{"class":74},[60,44605,44606,44608,44610,44612,44614,44616],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,44607,135],{"class":134},[60,44609,122],{"class":74},[60,44611,2515],{"class":118},[60,44613,4639],{"class":70},[60,44615,2520],{"class":118},[60,44617,128],{"class":74},[60,44619,44620,44622,44624,44626,44628,44630],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,44621,135],{"class":134},[60,44623,122],{"class":74},[60,44625,2515],{"class":118},[60,44627,12130],{"class":1537},[60,44629,2520],{"class":118},[60,44631,128],{"class":74},[60,44633,44634,44636,44638,44640,44642,44644],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,44635,135],{"class":134},[60,44637,122],{"class":74},[60,44639,1657],{"class":1656},[60,44641,122],{"class":74},[60,44643,44601],{"class":118},[60,44645,315],{"class":74},[60,44647,44648,44650,44652,44654],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,44649,32085],{"class":134},[60,44651,122],{"class":74},[60,44653,12586],{"class":134},[60,44655,128],{"class":74},[46,44657,1773],{"id":1772},[553,44659,44661,44662,12652],{"id":44660},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,44663,43420],{},[20,44665,44666],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[553,44668,1806,44670,44672],{"id":44669},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,44671,43420],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,44674,44675],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[553,44677,21353,44679,44681],{"id":44678},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,44680,43420],{}," to compare two values?",[20,44683,30202,44684,44686,44687,1460,44689,44691],{},[15,44685,4639],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,44688,43420],{},[15,44690,12130],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[553,44693,44695,44696,1435],{"id":44694},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,44697,43420],{},[20,44699,44700],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[553,44702,44704,44705,44707],{"id":44703},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,44706,43420],{}," values?",[20,44709,44710],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[46,44712,1842],{"id":1841},[30,44714,44715,44720,44725,44730,44738],{},[33,44716,44717],{},[260,44718,44719],{"href":43558},"Python variables explained for beginners",[33,44721,44722],{},[260,44723,44724],{"href":43866},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[33,44726,44727],{},[260,44728,44729],{"href":43870},"Python data types overview",[33,44731,44732],{},[260,44733,1875,44735,3471],{"href":44734},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,44736,44737],{},"isinstance()",[33,44739,44740],{},[260,44741,44743],{"href":44742},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[1885,44745,44746],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":44748},[44749,44751,44752,44753,44754,44755,44757,44759,44760,44761,44773],{"id":43524,"depth":104,"text":44750},"What id() does",{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199},{"id":43691,"depth":104,"text":43692},{"id":43874,"depth":104,"text":43875},{"id":43986,"depth":104,"text":43987},{"id":44143,"depth":104,"text":44756},"When id() is useful",{"id":44354,"depth":104,"text":44758},"When not to use id()",{"id":20733,"depth":104,"text":20734},{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":44762},[44763,44765,44767,44769,44771],{"id":44660,"depth":131,"text":44764},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44669,"depth":131,"text":44766},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44678,"depth":131,"text":44768},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44694,"depth":131,"text":44770},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44703,"depth":131,"text":44772},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43412,"description":44774},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44781,"title":42126,"body":44782,"description":46422,"extension":1930,"meta":46423,"navigation":421,"path":46424,"seo":46425,"stem":46426,"__hash__":46427},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44783,"toc":46388},[44784,44789,44794,44797,44799,44842,44847,44850,44855,44860,44863,44879,44881,44925,44927,44954,44956,44971,44973,44975,44977,44993,44995,45007,45010,45044,45047,45072,45077,45079,45084,45088,45091,45093,45141,45143,45176,45182,45193,45195,45247,45249,45280,45282,45286,45290,45333,45339,45345,45397,45405,45410,45414,45505,45507,45540,45543,45545,45605,45607,45633,45643,45645,45649,45654,45659,45661,45698,45700,45719,45722,45726,45729,45785,45797,45806,45808,45835,45843,45850,45854,45857,45894,45897,45903,45940,45942,45946,45952,45970,45975,46023,46027,46116,46119,46126,46128,46130,46135,46153,46155,46198,46204,46221,46223,46285,46287,46289,46295,46303,46309,46315,46324,46334,46338,46346,46348,46350,46385],[10,44785,1875,44787,3541],{"id":44786},"python-input-function-explained",[15,44788,2918],{},[20,44790,1947,44791,44793],{},[15,44792,2918],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,44795,44796],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[46,44798,1972],{"id":1971},[51,44800,44802],{"className":53,"code":44801,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,44803,44804,44823],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,44805,44806,44808,44810,44812,44814,44816,44819,44821],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,44807,7816],{"class":66},[60,44809,71],{"class":70},[60,44811,8182],{"class":134},[60,44813,122],{"class":74},[60,44815,256],{"class":255},[60,44817,44818],{"class":259},"Enter your name: ",[60,44820,256],{"class":255},[60,44822,128],{"class":74},[60,44824,44825,44827,44829,44831,44834,44836,44838,44840],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,44826,135],{"class":134},[60,44828,122],{"class":74},[60,44830,256],{"class":255},[60,44832,44833],{"class":259},"Hello, ",[60,44835,256],{"class":255},[60,44837,2417],{"class":70},[60,44839,35927],{"class":118},[60,44841,128],{"class":74},[20,44843,150,44844,44846],{},[15,44845,2918],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[44848,44849],"hr",{},[46,44851,158,44853,161],{"id":44852},"what-input-does",[15,44854,2918],{},[20,44856,44857,44859],{},[15,44858,2918],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,44861,44862],{},"Here is what happens:",[30,44864,44865,44870,44873,44876],{},[33,44866,44867,44869],{},[15,44868,2918],{}," waits for the user to type",[33,44871,44872],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[33,44874,44875],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[33,44877,44878],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,44880,238],{},[51,44882,44884],{"className":53,"code":44883,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,44885,44886,44906],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,44887,44888,44891,44893,44895,44897,44899,44902,44904],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,44889,44890],{"class":66},"color ",[60,44892,71],{"class":70},[60,44894,8182],{"class":134},[60,44896,122],{"class":74},[60,44898,256],{"class":255},[60,44900,44901],{"class":259},"What is your favorite color? ",[60,44903,256],{"class":255},[60,44905,128],{"class":74},[60,44907,44908,44910,44912,44914,44917,44919,44921,44923],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,44909,135],{"class":134},[60,44911,122],{"class":74},[60,44913,256],{"class":255},[60,44915,44916],{"class":259},"Your favorite color is",[60,44918,256],{"class":255},[60,44920,82],{"class":74},[60,44922,35786],{"class":118},[60,44924,128],{"class":74},[20,44926,29961],{},[51,44928,44930],{"className":53,"code":44929,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,44931,44932,44945],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,44933,44934,44936,44938,44941,44943],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,44935,158],{"class":66},[60,44937,12130],{"class":70},[60,44939,44940],{"class":66}," your favorite color",[60,44942,1435],{"class":37301},[60,44944,35816],{"class":66},[60,44946,44947,44950,44952],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,44948,44949],{"class":66},"Your favorite color ",[60,44951,12130],{"class":70},[60,44953,35816],{"class":66},[20,44955,19891],{},[30,44957,44958,44963,44968],{},[33,44959,44960,44961],{},"The prompt is ",[15,44962,44901],{},[33,44964,44965,44966],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,44967,32824],{},[33,44969,44970],{},"That value is then printed",[44848,44972],{},[46,44974,199],{"id":198},[20,44976,7160],{},[51,44978,44980],{"className":53,"code":44979,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"input(prompt)\n",[15,44981,44982],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,44983,44984,44986,44988,44991],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,44985,42394],{"class":134},[60,44987,122],{"class":74},[60,44989,44990],{"class":118},"prompt",[60,44992,128],{"class":74},[20,44994,11394],{},[30,44996,44997,45001,45004],{},[33,44998,1947,44999,19973],{},[15,45000,44990],{},[33,45002,45003],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[33,45005,45006],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,45008,45009],{},"Example with a prompt:",[51,45011,45013],{"className":53,"code":45012,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,45014,45015,45034],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,45016,45017,45019,45021,45023,45025,45027,45030,45032],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,45018,7901],{"class":66},[60,45020,71],{"class":70},[60,45022,8182],{"class":134},[60,45024,122],{"class":74},[60,45026,256],{"class":255},[60,45028,45029],{"class":259},"Enter your username: ",[60,45031,256],{"class":255},[60,45033,128],{"class":74},[60,45035,45036,45038,45040,45042],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,45037,135],{"class":134},[60,45039,122],{"class":74},[60,45041,7925],{"class":118},[60,45043,128],{"class":74},[20,45045,45046],{},"Example without a prompt:",[51,45048,45050],{"className":53,"code":45049,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,45051,45052,45062],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,45053,45054,45056,45058,45060],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,45055,1690],{"class":66},[60,45057,71],{"class":70},[60,45059,8182],{"class":134},[60,45061,8579],{"class":74},[60,45063,45064,45066,45068,45070],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,45065,135],{"class":134},[60,45067,122],{"class":74},[60,45069,221],{"class":118},[60,45071,128],{"class":74},[20,45073,7705,45074,45076],{},[15,45075,2918],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[44848,45078],{},[46,45080,158,45082,11642],{"id":45081},"what-input-returns",[15,45083,2918],{},[20,45085,45086,8165],{},[15,45087,2918],{},[20,45089,45090],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,45092,238],{},[51,45094,45096],{"className":53,"code":45095,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45097,45098,45117,45127],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,45099,45100,45102,45104,45106,45108,45110,45113,45115],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,45101,21561],{"class":66},[60,45103,71],{"class":70},[60,45105,8182],{"class":134},[60,45107,122],{"class":74},[60,45109,256],{"class":255},[60,45111,45112],{"class":259},"Enter your age: ",[60,45114,256],{"class":255},[60,45116,128],{"class":74},[60,45118,45119,45121,45123,45125],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,45120,135],{"class":134},[60,45122,122],{"class":74},[60,45124,9234],{"class":118},[60,45126,128],{"class":74},[60,45128,45129,45131,45133,45135,45137,45139],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,45130,135],{"class":134},[60,45132,122],{"class":74},[60,45134,1657],{"class":1656},[60,45136,122],{"class":74},[60,45138,9234],{"class":118},[60,45140,315],{"class":74},[20,45142,29961],{},[51,45144,45146],{"className":53,"code":45145,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45147,45148,45158,45162],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,45149,45150,45153,45155],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,45151,45152],{"class":66},"Enter your age",[60,45154,166],{"class":74},[60,45156,45157],{"class":78}," 25\n",[60,45159,45160],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,45161,2670],{"class":78},[60,45163,45164,45166,45168,45170,45172,45174],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,45165,3250],{"class":70},[60,45167,3253],{"class":2033},[60,45169,3256],{"class":255},[60,45171,3405],{"class":259},[60,45173,3261],{"class":255},[60,45175,3264],{"class":70},[20,45177,45178,45179,45181],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,45180,9128],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,45183,45184,45185,1460,45189,115],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[260,45186,45187],{"href":2835},[15,45188,2838],{},[260,45190,45191],{"href":2841},[15,45192,2844],{},[20,45194,238],{},[51,45196,45198],{"className":53,"code":45197,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45199,45200,45223,45233],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,45201,45202,45204,45206,45209,45211,45213,45215,45217,45219,45221],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,45203,21561],{"class":66},[60,45205,71],{"class":70},[60,45207,45208],{"class":1656}," int",[60,45210,122],{"class":74},[60,45212,42394],{"class":134},[60,45214,122],{"class":74},[60,45216,256],{"class":255},[60,45218,45112],{"class":259},[60,45220,256],{"class":255},[60,45222,315],{"class":74},[60,45224,45225,45227,45229,45231],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,45226,135],{"class":134},[60,45228,122],{"class":74},[60,45230,9234],{"class":118},[60,45232,128],{"class":74},[60,45234,45235,45237,45239,45241,45243,45245],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,45236,135],{"class":134},[60,45238,122],{"class":74},[60,45240,1657],{"class":1656},[60,45242,122],{"class":74},[60,45244,9234],{"class":118},[60,45246,315],{"class":74},[20,45248,29961],{},[51,45250,45252],{"className":53,"code":45251,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,45253,45254,45262,45266],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,45255,45256,45258,45260],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,45257,45152],{"class":66},[60,45259,166],{"class":74},[60,45261,45157],{"class":78},[60,45263,45264],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,45265,2670],{"class":78},[60,45267,45268,45270,45272,45274,45276,45278],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,45269,3250],{"class":70},[60,45271,3253],{"class":2033},[60,45273,3256],{"class":255},[60,45275,345],{"class":259},[60,45277,3261],{"class":255},[60,45279,3264],{"class":70},[44848,45281],{},[46,45283,45285],{"id":45284},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[553,45287,45289],{"id":45288},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[51,45291,45293],{"className":53,"code":45292,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,45294,45295,45314],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,45296,45297,45299,45301,45303,45305,45307,45310,45312],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,45298,7816],{"class":66},[60,45300,71],{"class":70},[60,45302,8182],{"class":134},[60,45304,122],{"class":74},[60,45306,256],{"class":255},[60,45308,45309],{"class":259},"What is your name? ",[60,45311,256],{"class":255},[60,45313,128],{"class":74},[60,45315,45316,45318,45320,45322,45325,45327,45329,45331],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,45317,135],{"class":134},[60,45319,122],{"class":74},[60,45321,256],{"class":255},[60,45323,45324],{"class":259},"Hello,",[60,45326,256],{"class":255},[60,45328,82],{"class":74},[60,45330,35927],{"class":118},[60,45332,128],{"class":74},[20,45334,45335,45336,45338],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,45337,7611],{}," and prints it.",[553,45340,45342,45343],{"id":45341},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,45344,2838],{},[51,45346,45348],{"className":53,"code":45347,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,45349,45350,45373],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,45351,45352,45354,45356,45358,45360,45362,45364,45366,45369,45371],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,45353,21561],{"class":66},[60,45355,71],{"class":70},[60,45357,45208],{"class":1656},[60,45359,122],{"class":74},[60,45361,42394],{"class":134},[60,45363,122],{"class":74},[60,45365,256],{"class":255},[60,45367,45368],{"class":259},"How old are you? ",[60,45370,256],{"class":255},[60,45372,315],{"class":74},[60,45374,45375,45377,45379,45381,45384,45386,45388,45391,45393,45395],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,45376,135],{"class":134},[60,45378,122],{"class":74},[60,45380,256],{"class":255},[60,45382,45383],{"class":259},"Next year you will be",[60,45385,256],{"class":255},[60,45387,82],{"class":74},[60,45389,45390],{"class":118}," age ",[60,45392,2028],{"class":70},[60,45394,695],{"class":78},[60,45396,128],{"class":74},[20,45398,6004,45399,45401,45402,45404],{},[15,45400,2838],{}," converts the text from ",[15,45403,2918],{}," into a whole number.",[20,45406,45407,45408,115],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[260,45409,8916],{"href":8915},[553,45411,45413],{"id":45412},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[51,45415,45417],{"className":53,"code":45416,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,45418,45419,45443,45467,45481,45485],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,45420,45421,45424,45426,45428,45430,45432,45434,45436,45439,45441],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,45422,45423],{"class":66},"num1 ",[60,45425,71],{"class":70},[60,45427,45208],{"class":1656},[60,45429,122],{"class":74},[60,45431,42394],{"class":134},[60,45433,122],{"class":74},[60,45435,256],{"class":255},[60,45437,45438],{"class":259},"Enter the first number: ",[60,45440,256],{"class":255},[60,45442,315],{"class":74},[60,45444,45445,45448,45450,45452,45454,45456,45458,45460,45463,45465],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,45446,45447],{"class":66},"num2 ",[60,45449,71],{"class":70},[60,45451,45208],{"class":1656},[60,45453,122],{"class":74},[60,45455,42394],{"class":134},[60,45457,122],{"class":74},[60,45459,256],{"class":255},[60,45461,45462],{"class":259},"Enter the second number: ",[60,45464,256],{"class":255},[60,45466,315],{"class":74},[60,45468,45469,45471,45473,45476,45478],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,45470,41117],{"class":66},[60,45472,71],{"class":70},[60,45474,45475],{"class":66}," num1 ",[60,45477,2028],{"class":70},[60,45479,45480],{"class":66}," num2\n",[60,45482,45483],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,45484,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,45486,45487,45489,45491,45493,45496,45498,45500,45503],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,45488,135],{"class":134},[60,45490,122],{"class":74},[60,45492,256],{"class":255},[60,45494,45495],{"class":259},"Total:",[60,45497,256],{"class":255},[60,45499,82],{"class":74},[60,45501,45502],{"class":118}," total",[60,45504,128],{"class":74},[20,45506,29961],{},[51,45508,45510],{"className":53,"code":45509,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,45511,45512,45522,45531],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,45513,45514,45517,45519],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,45515,45516],{"class":66},"Enter the first number",[60,45518,166],{"class":74},[60,45520,45521],{"class":78}," 2\n",[60,45523,45524,45527,45529],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,45525,45526],{"class":66},"Enter the second number",[60,45528,166],{"class":74},[60,45530,2538],{"class":78},[60,45532,45533,45536,45538],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,45534,45535],{"class":66},"Total",[60,45537,166],{"class":74},[60,45539,34776],{"class":78},[20,45541,45542],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,45544,238],{},[51,45546,45548],{"className":53,"code":45547,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,45549,45550,45568,45586,45590],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,45551,45552,45554,45556,45558,45560,45562,45564,45566],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,45553,45423],{"class":66},[60,45555,71],{"class":70},[60,45557,8182],{"class":134},[60,45559,122],{"class":74},[60,45561,256],{"class":255},[60,45563,45438],{"class":259},[60,45565,256],{"class":255},[60,45567,128],{"class":74},[60,45569,45570,45572,45574,45576,45578,45580,45582,45584],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,45571,45447],{"class":66},[60,45573,71],{"class":70},[60,45575,8182],{"class":134},[60,45577,122],{"class":74},[60,45579,256],{"class":255},[60,45581,45462],{"class":259},[60,45583,256],{"class":255},[60,45585,128],{"class":74},[60,45587,45588],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,45589,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,45591,45592,45594,45596,45598,45600,45603],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,45593,135],{"class":134},[60,45595,122],{"class":74},[60,45597,45423],{"class":118},[60,45599,2028],{"class":70},[60,45601,45602],{"class":118}," num2",[60,45604,128],{"class":74},[20,45606,29961],{},[51,45608,45610],{"className":53,"code":45609,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,45611,45612,45620,45628],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,45613,45614,45616,45618],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,45615,45516],{"class":66},[60,45617,166],{"class":74},[60,45619,45521],{"class":78},[60,45621,45622,45624,45626],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,45623,45526],{"class":66},[60,45625,166],{"class":74},[60,45627,2538],{"class":78},[60,45629,45630],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,45631,45632],{"class":78},"23\n",[20,45634,45635,45636,45639,45640,115],{},"That happens because ",[15,45637,45638],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,45641,45642],{},"\"23\"",[44848,45644],{},[46,45646,45648],{"id":45647},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,45650,45651,45652,115],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,45653,2918],{},[553,45655,4655,45657,41476],{"id":45656},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,45658,2918],{},[20,45660,39132],{},[51,45662,45664],{"className":53,"code":45663,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,45665,45666,45684],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,45667,45668,45670,45672,45674,45676,45678,45680,45682],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,45669,1690],{"class":66},[60,45671,71],{"class":70},[60,45673,8182],{"class":134},[60,45675,122],{"class":74},[60,45677,256],{"class":255},[60,45679,41804],{"class":259},[60,45681,256],{"class":255},[60,45683,128],{"class":74},[60,45685,45686,45688,45690,45692,45694,45696],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,45687,135],{"class":134},[60,45689,122],{"class":74},[60,45691,1657],{"class":1656},[60,45693,122],{"class":74},[60,45695,221],{"class":118},[60,45697,315],{"class":74},[20,45699,318],{},[51,45701,45703],{"className":53,"code":45702,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45704,45705],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,45706,45707,45709,45711,45713,45715,45717],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,45708,3250],{"class":70},[60,45710,3253],{"class":2033},[60,45712,3256],{"class":255},[60,45714,3405],{"class":259},[60,45716,3261],{"class":255},[60,45718,3264],{"class":70},[20,45720,45721],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[553,45723,45725],{"id":45724},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,45727,45728],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[51,45730,45732],{"className":53,"code":45731,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,45733,45734,45752,45771],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,45735,45736,45738,45740,45742,45744,45746,45748,45750],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,45737,2515],{"class":66},[60,45739,71],{"class":70},[60,45741,8182],{"class":134},[60,45743,122],{"class":74},[60,45745,256],{"class":255},[60,45747,41804],{"class":259},[60,45749,256],{"class":255},[60,45751,128],{"class":74},[60,45753,45754,45756,45758,45760,45762,45764,45767,45769],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,45755,2543],{"class":66},[60,45757,71],{"class":70},[60,45759,8182],{"class":134},[60,45761,122],{"class":74},[60,45763,256],{"class":255},[60,45765,45766],{"class":259},"Enter another number: ",[60,45768,256],{"class":255},[60,45770,128],{"class":74},[60,45772,45773,45775,45777,45779,45781,45783],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,45774,135],{"class":134},[60,45776,122],{"class":74},[60,45778,2515],{"class":118},[60,45780,2028],{"class":70},[60,45782,2520],{"class":118},[60,45784,128],{"class":74},[20,45786,41055,45787,544,45789,45791,45792,18897,45795,115],{},[15,45788,2465],{},[15,45790,1086],{},", the result is ",[15,45793,45794],{},"45",[15,45796,2111],{},[553,45798,45800,45801,45803,45804],{"id":45799},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,45802,40638],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,45805,2838],{},[20,45807,238],{},[51,45809,45811],{"className":53,"code":45810,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,45812,45813],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,45814,45815,45817,45819,45821,45823,45825,45827,45829,45831,45833],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,45816,21561],{"class":66},[60,45818,71],{"class":70},[60,45820,45208],{"class":1656},[60,45822,122],{"class":74},[60,45824,42394],{"class":134},[60,45826,122],{"class":74},[60,45828,256],{"class":255},[60,45830,45112],{"class":259},[60,45832,256],{"class":255},[60,45834,315],{"class":74},[20,45836,8211,45837,45840,45841,115],{},[15,45838,45839],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,45842,40638],{},[20,45844,45845,45846,115],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[260,45847,45849],{"href":45848},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[553,45851,45853],{"id":45852},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,45855,45856],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[51,45858,45860],{"className":53,"code":45859,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,45861,45862,45880],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,45863,45864,45866,45868,45870,45872,45874,45876,45878],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,45865,7816],{"class":66},[60,45867,71],{"class":70},[60,45869,8182],{"class":134},[60,45871,122],{"class":74},[60,45873,256],{"class":255},[60,45875,44818],{"class":259},[60,45877,256],{"class":255},[60,45879,128],{"class":74},[60,45881,45882,45884,45886,45888,45890,45892],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,45883,135],{"class":134},[60,45885,122],{"class":74},[60,45887,1723],{"class":134},[60,45889,122],{"class":74},[60,45891,7611],{"class":118},[60,45893,315],{"class":74},[20,45895,45896],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,45898,45899,45900,166],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,45901,45902],{},".strip()",[51,45904,45906],{"className":53,"code":45905,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,45907,45908,45930],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,45909,45910,45912,45914,45916,45918,45920,45922,45924,45926,45928],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,45911,7816],{"class":66},[60,45913,71],{"class":70},[60,45915,8182],{"class":134},[60,45917,122],{"class":74},[60,45919,256],{"class":255},[60,45921,44818],{"class":259},[60,45923,256],{"class":255},[60,45925,8567],{"class":74},[60,45927,8570],{"class":118},[60,45929,8579],{"class":74},[60,45931,45932,45934,45936,45938],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,45933,135],{"class":134},[60,45935,122],{"class":74},[60,45937,7611],{"class":118},[60,45939,128],{"class":74},[44848,45941],{},[46,45943,45945],{"id":45944},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,45947,45948,45949,45951],{},"These habits make ",[15,45950,2918],{}," easier and safer to use.",[30,45953,45954,45957,45962,45965],{},[33,45955,45956],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[33,45958,150,45959,45961],{},[15,45960,45902],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[33,45963,45964],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[33,45966,150,45967,45969],{},[15,45968,29713],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,45971,45972,45973,166],{},"Example with ",[15,45974,45902],{},[51,45976,45978],{"className":53,"code":45977,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,45979,45980,46004],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,45981,45982,45985,45987,45989,45991,45993,45996,45998,46000,46002],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,45983,45984],{"class":66},"city ",[60,45986,71],{"class":70},[60,45988,8182],{"class":134},[60,45990,122],{"class":74},[60,45992,256],{"class":255},[60,45994,45995],{"class":259},"Enter your city: ",[60,45997,256],{"class":255},[60,45999,8567],{"class":74},[60,46001,8570],{"class":118},[60,46003,8579],{"class":74},[60,46005,46006,46008,46010,46012,46015,46017,46019,46021],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,46007,135],{"class":134},[60,46009,122],{"class":74},[60,46011,256],{"class":255},[60,46013,46014],{"class":259},"City:",[60,46016,256],{"class":255},[60,46018,82],{"class":74},[60,46020,31317],{"class":118},[60,46022,128],{"class":74},[20,46024,45972,46025,166],{},[15,46026,29713],{},[51,46028,46030],{"className":53,"code":46029,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,46031,46032,46038,46061,46093,46101],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,46033,46034,46036],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,46035,29735],{"class":1537},[60,46037,1712],{"class":74},[60,46039,46040,46043,46045,46047,46049,46051,46053,46055,46057,46059],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,46041,46042],{"class":66},"    age ",[60,46044,71],{"class":70},[60,46046,45208],{"class":1656},[60,46048,122],{"class":74},[60,46050,42394],{"class":134},[60,46052,122],{"class":74},[60,46054,256],{"class":255},[60,46056,45112],{"class":259},[60,46058,256],{"class":255},[60,46060,315],{"class":74},[60,46062,46063,46065,46067,46069,46072,46074,46076,46078,46080,46082,46084,46086,46089,46091],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,46064,1718],{"class":134},[60,46066,122],{"class":74},[60,46068,256],{"class":255},[60,46070,46071],{"class":259},"You will be",[60,46073,256],{"class":255},[60,46075,82],{"class":74},[60,46077,45390],{"class":118},[60,46079,2028],{"class":70},[60,46081,695],{"class":78},[60,46083,82],{"class":74},[60,46085,267],{"class":255},[60,46087,46088],{"class":259},"next year",[60,46090,256],{"class":255},[60,46092,128],{"class":74},[60,46094,46095,46097,46099],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,46096,29766],{"class":1537},[60,46098,41859],{"class":1656},[60,46100,1712],{"class":74},[60,46102,46103,46105,46107,46109,46112,46114],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,46104,1718],{"class":134},[60,46106,122],{"class":74},[60,46108,256],{"class":255},[60,46110,46111],{"class":259},"Please enter a whole number.",[60,46113,256],{"class":255},[60,46115,128],{"class":74},[20,46117,46118],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,46120,46121,46122,115],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[260,46123,46125],{"href":46124},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[44848,46127],{},[46,46129,1351],{"id":1350},[20,46131,46132,46133,166],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,46134,2918],{},[30,46136,46137,46144,46147,46150],{},[33,46138,46139,46140,1460,46142],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,46141,2838],{},[15,46143,2844],{},[33,46145,46146],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[33,46148,46149],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[33,46151,46152],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,46154,32015],{},[51,46156,46158],{"className":53,"code":46157,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46159,46160,46170,46184],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,46161,46162,46164,46166,46168],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,46163,135],{"class":134},[60,46165,122],{"class":74},[60,46167,221],{"class":118},[60,46169,128],{"class":74},[60,46171,46172,46174,46176,46178,46180,46182],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,46173,135],{"class":134},[60,46175,122],{"class":74},[60,46177,1657],{"class":1656},[60,46179,122],{"class":74},[60,46181,221],{"class":118},[60,46183,315],{"class":74},[60,46185,46186,46188,46190,46192,46194,46196],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,46187,135],{"class":134},[60,46189,122],{"class":74},[60,46191,1723],{"class":134},[60,46193,122],{"class":74},[60,46195,221],{"class":118},[60,46197,315],{"class":74},[20,46199,46200,46201,46203],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,46202,2918],{}," actually returned:",[30,46205,46206,46211,46216],{},[33,46207,46208,46210],{},[15,46209,41760],{}," shows the value",[33,46212,46213,46215],{},[15,46214,41766],{}," shows the data type",[33,46217,46218,46220],{},[15,46219,41771],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,46222,238],{},[51,46224,46226],{"className":53,"code":46225,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46227,46228,46247,46257,46271],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,46229,46230,46232,46234,46236,46238,46240,46243,46245],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,46231,1690],{"class":66},[60,46233,71],{"class":70},[60,46235,8182],{"class":134},[60,46237,122],{"class":74},[60,46239,256],{"class":255},[60,46241,46242],{"class":259},"Enter something: ",[60,46244,256],{"class":255},[60,46246,128],{"class":74},[60,46248,46249,46251,46253,46255],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,46250,135],{"class":134},[60,46252,122],{"class":74},[60,46254,221],{"class":118},[60,46256,128],{"class":74},[60,46258,46259,46261,46263,46265,46267,46269],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,46260,135],{"class":134},[60,46262,122],{"class":74},[60,46264,1657],{"class":1656},[60,46266,122],{"class":74},[60,46268,221],{"class":118},[60,46270,315],{"class":74},[60,46272,46273,46275,46277,46279,46281,46283],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,46274,135],{"class":134},[60,46276,122],{"class":74},[60,46278,1723],{"class":134},[60,46280,122],{"class":74},[60,46282,221],{"class":118},[60,46284,315],{"class":74},[44848,46286],{},[46,46288,1773],{"id":1772},[553,46290,1777,46292,46294],{"id":46291},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,46293,2918],{}," return an integer?",[20,46296,46297,46298,46300,46301,39863],{},"No. ",[15,46299,2918],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,46302,2838],{},[553,46304,46306,46307,1435],{"id":46305},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,46308,2918],{},[20,46310,46311,46312,46314],{},"No. You can call ",[15,46313,2918],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[553,46316,1821,46318,46321,46322,1435],{"id":46317},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,46319,46320],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,46323,2918],{},[20,46325,1438,46326,46328,46329,42087,46331,46333],{},[15,46327,2918],{}," returns strings. ",[15,46330,45638],{},[15,46332,45642],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[553,46335,46337],{"id":46336},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,46339,150,46340,46342,46343,115],{},[15,46341,45902],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,46344,46345],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[44848,46347],{},[46,46349,1842],{"id":1841},[30,46351,46352,46357,46361,46367,46373,46377],{},[33,46353,46354],{},[260,46355,46356],{"href":46124},"How to get user input in Python",[33,46358,46359],{},[260,46360,8993],{"href":8915},[33,46362,46363],{},[260,46364,1875,46365,3471],{"href":2835},[15,46366,2838],{},[33,46368,46369],{},[260,46370,1875,46371,3471],{"href":2841},[15,46372,2844],{},[33,46374,46375],{},[260,46376,45849],{"href":45848},[33,46378,46379],{},[260,46380,1875,46382,3471],{"href":46381},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,46383,46384],{},"print()",[1885,46386,46387],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":46389},[46390,46391,46393,46394,46396,46402,46410,46411,46412,46421],{"id":1971,"depth":104,"text":1972},{"id":44852,"depth":104,"text":46392},"What input() does",{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199},{"id":45081,"depth":104,"text":46395},"What input() returns",{"id":45284,"depth":104,"text":45285,"children":46397},[46398,46399,46401],{"id":45288,"depth":131,"text":45289},{"id":45341,"depth":131,"text":46400},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45412,"depth":131,"text":45413},{"id":45647,"depth":104,"text":45648,"children":46403},[46404,46406,46407,46409],{"id":45656,"depth":131,"text":46405},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45724,"depth":131,"text":45725},{"id":45799,"depth":131,"text":46408},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":45852,"depth":131,"text":45853},{"id":45944,"depth":104,"text":45945},{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":46413},[46414,46416,46418,46420],{"id":46291,"depth":131,"text":46415},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46305,"depth":131,"text":46417},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46317,"depth":131,"text":46419},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46336,"depth":131,"text":46337},{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":42126,"description":46422},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46429,"title":42029,"body":46430,"description":48741,"extension":1930,"meta":48742,"navigation":421,"path":48743,"seo":48744,"stem":48745,"__hash__":48746},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46431,"toc":48693},[46432,46437,46442,46447,46468,46471,46473,46533,46535,46553,46558,46563,46568,46570,46583,46585,46668,46670,46711,46717,46719,46749,46755,46758,46775,46777,46829,46831,46849,46855,46861,46864,46882,46884,46957,46959,46978,46985,46991,46996,46999,47059,47061,47080,47083,47086,47101,47107,47111,47172,47174,47194,47198,47327,47329,47459,47469,47475,47481,47489,47555,47557,47582,47585,47602,47615,47621,47624,47657,47659,47672,47675,47718,47720,47728,47735,47739,47746,47750,47777,47779,47787,47793,47810,47815,47819,47846,47848,47856,47860,47865,47868,47894,47897,47906,47914,47918,47928,47932,47935,47937,47988,47990,48020,48030,48057,48059,48067,48077,48081,48084,48086,48134,48136,48180,48186,48237,48239,48258,48263,48268,48271,48290,48293,48345,48347,48356,48358,48362,48366,48369,48378,48385,48387,48414,48418,48420,48429,48432,48439,48445,48505,48509,48511,48519,48522,48548,48554,48557,48577,48579,48588,48596,48598,48604,48609,48616,48626,48632,48640,48644,48647,48649,48690],[10,46433,1875,46435,3541],{"id":46434},"python-int-function-explained",[15,46436,2838],{},[20,46438,32250,46439,46441],{},[15,46440,2838],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,46443,35340,46444,46446],{},[15,46445,2838],{}," when they want to:",[30,46448,46449,46459,46462,46465],{},[33,46450,46451,46452,46455,46456],{},"turn text like ",[15,46453,46454],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,46457,46458],{},"42",[33,46460,46461],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[33,46463,46464],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[33,46466,46467],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,46469,46470],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[46,46472,1972],{"id":1971},[51,46474,46476],{"className":53,"code":46475,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,46477,46478,46496,46510],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,46479,46480,46482,46484,46486,46488,46490,46492,46494],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,46481,135],{"class":134},[60,46483,122],{"class":74},[60,46485,345],{"class":1656},[60,46487,122],{"class":74},[60,46489,256],{"class":255},[60,46491,46458],{"class":259},[60,46493,256],{"class":255},[60,46495,315],{"class":74},[60,46497,46498,46500,46502,46504,46506,46508],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,46499,135],{"class":134},[60,46501,122],{"class":74},[60,46503,345],{"class":1656},[60,46505,122],{"class":74},[60,46507,41917],{"class":78},[60,46509,315],{"class":74},[60,46511,46512,46514,46516,46518,46520,46522,46525,46527,46529,46531],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,46513,135],{"class":134},[60,46515,122],{"class":74},[60,46517,345],{"class":1656},[60,46519,122],{"class":74},[60,46521,256],{"class":255},[60,46523,46524],{"class":259},"101",[60,46526,256],{"class":255},[60,46528,82],{"class":74},[60,46530,85],{"class":78},[60,46532,315],{"class":74},[20,46534,318],{},[51,46536,46538],{"className":53,"code":46537,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,46539,46540,46545,46549],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,46541,46542],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,46543,46544],{"class":78},"42\n",[60,46546,46547],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,46548,931],{"class":78},[60,46550,46551],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,46552,2907],{"class":78},[20,46554,150,46555,46557],{},[15,46556,2838],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[46,46559,158,46561,161],{"id":46560},"what-int-does",[15,46562,2838],{},[20,46564,46565,46567],{},[15,46566,2838],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,46569,12989],{},[30,46571,46572,46577,46580],{},[33,46573,46574,46575,7282],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46576,345],{},[33,46578,46579],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[33,46581,46582],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,46584,238],{},[51,46586,46588],{"className":53,"code":46587,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46589,46590,46602,46616,46620,46630,46640,46654],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,46591,46592,46594,46596,46598,46600],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,46593,34621],{"class":66},[60,46595,71],{"class":70},[60,46597,267],{"class":255},[60,46599,9128],{"class":259},[60,46601,3320],{"class":255},[60,46603,46604,46606,46608,46610,46612,46614],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,46605,2182],{"class":66},[60,46607,71],{"class":70},[60,46609,45208],{"class":1656},[60,46611,122],{"class":74},[60,46613,34642],{"class":118},[60,46615,128],{"class":74},[60,46617,46618],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,46619,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,46621,46622,46624,46626,46628],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,46623,135],{"class":134},[60,46625,122],{"class":74},[60,46627,34642],{"class":118},[60,46629,128],{"class":74},[60,46631,46632,46634,46636,46638],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,46633,135],{"class":134},[60,46635,122],{"class":74},[60,46637,2204],{"class":118},[60,46639,128],{"class":74},[60,46641,46642,46644,46646,46648,46650,46652],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,46643,135],{"class":134},[60,46645,122],{"class":74},[60,46647,1657],{"class":1656},[60,46649,122],{"class":74},[60,46651,34642],{"class":118},[60,46653,315],{"class":74},[60,46655,46656,46658,46660,46662,46664,46666],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,46657,135],{"class":134},[60,46659,122],{"class":74},[60,46661,1657],{"class":1656},[60,46663,122],{"class":74},[60,46665,2204],{"class":118},[60,46667,315],{"class":74},[20,46669,318],{},[51,46671,46673],{"className":53,"code":46672,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46674,46675,46679,46683,46697],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,46676,46677],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,46678,2670],{"class":78},[60,46680,46681],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,46682,2670],{"class":78},[60,46684,46685,46687,46689,46691,46693,46695],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,46686,3250],{"class":70},[60,46688,3253],{"class":2033},[60,46690,3256],{"class":255},[60,46692,3405],{"class":259},[60,46694,3261],{"class":255},[60,46696,3264],{"class":70},[60,46698,46699,46701,46703,46705,46707,46709],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,46700,3250],{"class":70},[60,46702,3253],{"class":2033},[60,46704,3256],{"class":255},[60,46706,345],{"class":259},[60,46708,3261],{"class":255},[60,46710,3264],{"class":70},[20,46712,46713,46714,46716],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,46715,2838],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[46,46718,199],{"id":198},[51,46720,46722],{"className":53,"code":46721,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,46723,46724,46734],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,46725,46726,46728,46730,46732],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,46727,345],{"class":1656},[60,46729,122],{"class":74},[60,46731,2139],{"class":118},[60,46733,128],{"class":74},[60,46735,46736,46738,46740,46742,46744,46747],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,46737,345],{"class":1656},[60,46739,122],{"class":74},[60,46741,2139],{"class":118},[60,46743,82],{"class":74},[60,46745,46746],{"class":118}," base",[60,46748,128],{"class":74},[553,46750,46752],{"id":46751},"intx",[15,46753,46754],{},"int(x)",[20,46756,46757],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[30,46759,46760,46765,46770],{},[33,46761,46762,46763],{},"a string such as ",[15,46764,42059],{},[33,46766,46767,46768],{},"a float such as ",[15,46769,41917],{},[33,46771,46772,46773],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,46774,547],{},[20,46776,238],{},[51,46778,46780],{"className":53,"code":46779,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,46781,46782,46800,46815],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,46783,46784,46786,46788,46790,46792,46794,46796,46798],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,46785,135],{"class":134},[60,46787,122],{"class":74},[60,46789,345],{"class":1656},[60,46791,122],{"class":74},[60,46793,256],{"class":255},[60,46795,873],{"class":259},[60,46797,256],{"class":255},[60,46799,315],{"class":74},[60,46801,46802,46804,46806,46808,46810,46813],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,46803,135],{"class":134},[60,46805,122],{"class":74},[60,46807,345],{"class":1656},[60,46809,122],{"class":74},[60,46811,46812],{"class":78},"8.7",[60,46814,315],{"class":74},[60,46816,46817,46819,46821,46823,46825,46827],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,46818,135],{"class":134},[60,46820,122],{"class":74},[60,46822,345],{"class":1656},[60,46824,122],{"class":74},[60,46826,547],{"class":685},[60,46828,315],{"class":74},[20,46830,318],{},[51,46832,46834],{"className":53,"code":46833,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,46835,46836,46840,46844],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,46837,46838],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,46839,2340],{"class":78},[60,46841,46842],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,46843,2345],{"class":78},[60,46845,46846],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,46847,46848],{"class":78},"1\n",[553,46850,46852],{"id":46851},"intx-base",[15,46853,46854],{},"int(x, base)",[20,46856,46857,46858,46860],{},"Use this form when ",[15,46859,2139],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,46862,46863],{},"Common bases:",[30,46865,46866,46871,46876],{},[33,46867,46868,46870],{},[15,46869,125],{}," for binary",[33,46872,46873,46875],{},[15,46874,2309],{}," for octal",[33,46877,46878,46881],{},[15,46879,46880],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,46883,238],{},[51,46885,46887],{"className":53,"code":46886,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,46888,46889,46911,46934],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,46890,46891,46893,46895,46897,46899,46901,46903,46905,46907,46909],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,46892,135],{"class":134},[60,46894,122],{"class":74},[60,46896,345],{"class":1656},[60,46898,122],{"class":74},[60,46900,256],{"class":255},[60,46902,46524],{"class":259},[60,46904,256],{"class":255},[60,46906,82],{"class":74},[60,46908,85],{"class":78},[60,46910,315],{"class":74},[60,46912,46913,46915,46917,46919,46921,46923,46926,46928,46930,46932],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,46914,135],{"class":134},[60,46916,122],{"class":74},[60,46918,345],{"class":1656},[60,46920,122],{"class":74},[60,46922,256],{"class":255},[60,46924,46925],{"class":259},"17",[60,46927,256],{"class":255},[60,46929,82],{"class":74},[60,46931,6301],{"class":78},[60,46933,315],{"class":74},[60,46935,46936,46938,46940,46942,46944,46946,46949,46951,46953,46955],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,46937,135],{"class":134},[60,46939,122],{"class":74},[60,46941,345],{"class":1656},[60,46943,122],{"class":74},[60,46945,256],{"class":255},[60,46947,46948],{"class":259},"1A",[60,46950,256],{"class":255},[60,46952,82],{"class":74},[60,46954,13923],{"class":78},[60,46956,315],{"class":74},[20,46958,318],{},[51,46960,46962],{"className":53,"code":46961,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,46963,46964,46968,46973],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,46965,46966],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,46967,2907],{"class":78},[60,46969,46970],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,46971,46972],{"class":78},"15\n",[60,46974,46975],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,46976,46977],{"class":78},"26\n",[20,46979,46980,46981,115],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[260,46982,46983,2267],{"href":2841},[15,46984,2844],{},[46,46986,8356,46988,46990],{"id":46987},"using-int-with-strings",[15,46989,2838],{}," with strings",[20,46992,46993,46995],{},[15,46994,2838],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,46997,46998],{},"Examples that work:",[51,47000,47002],{"className":53,"code":47001,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,47003,47004,47022,47040],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,47005,47006,47008,47010,47012,47014,47016,47018,47020],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,47007,135],{"class":134},[60,47009,122],{"class":74},[60,47011,345],{"class":1656},[60,47013,122],{"class":74},[60,47015,256],{"class":255},[60,47017,1086],{"class":259},[60,47019,256],{"class":255},[60,47021,315],{"class":74},[60,47023,47024,47026,47028,47030,47032,47034,47036,47038],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,47025,135],{"class":134},[60,47027,122],{"class":74},[60,47029,345],{"class":1656},[60,47031,122],{"class":74},[60,47033,256],{"class":255},[60,47035,2256],{"class":259},[60,47037,256],{"class":255},[60,47039,315],{"class":74},[60,47041,47042,47044,47046,47048,47050,47052,47055,47057],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,47043,135],{"class":134},[60,47045,122],{"class":74},[60,47047,345],{"class":1656},[60,47049,122],{"class":74},[60,47051,256],{"class":255},[60,47053,47054],{"class":259},"  42  ",[60,47056,256],{"class":255},[60,47058,315],{"class":74},[20,47060,318],{},[51,47062,47064],{"className":53,"code":47063,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,47065,47066,47070,47076],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,47067,47068],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,47069,2907],{"class":78},[60,47071,47072,47074],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,47073,1991],{"class":70},[60,47075,2190],{"class":78},[60,47077,47078],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,47079,46544],{"class":78},[20,47081,47082],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,47084,47085],{},"Examples that fail:",[51,47087,47089],{"className":53,"code":47088,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,47090,47091,47096],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,47092,47093],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,47094,47095],{"class":146},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[60,47097,47098],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,47099,47100],{"class":146},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,47102,47103,47104,47106],{},"These raise ",[15,47105,40638],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[553,47108,47110],{"id":47109},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[51,47112,47114],{"className":53,"code":47113,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,47115,47116,47134,47153],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,47117,47118,47120,47122,47124,47126,47128,47130,47132],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,47119,135],{"class":134},[60,47121,122],{"class":74},[60,47123,345],{"class":1656},[60,47125,122],{"class":74},[60,47127,256],{"class":255},[60,47129,195],{"class":259},[60,47131,256],{"class":255},[60,47133,315],{"class":74},[60,47135,47136,47138,47140,47142,47144,47146,47149,47151],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,47137,135],{"class":134},[60,47139,122],{"class":74},[60,47141,345],{"class":1656},[60,47143,122],{"class":74},[60,47145,256],{"class":255},[60,47147,47148],{"class":259},"+7",[60,47150,256],{"class":255},[60,47152,315],{"class":74},[60,47154,47155,47157,47159,47161,47163,47165,47168,47170],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,47156,135],{"class":134},[60,47158,122],{"class":74},[60,47160,345],{"class":1656},[60,47162,122],{"class":74},[60,47164,256],{"class":255},[60,47166,47167],{"class":259},"-100",[60,47169,256],{"class":255},[60,47171,315],{"class":74},[20,47173,318],{},[51,47175,47177],{"className":53,"code":47176,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,47178,47179,47183,47187],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,47180,47181],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,47182,1107],{"class":78},[60,47184,47185],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,47186,2048],{"class":78},[60,47188,47189,47191],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,47190,1991],{"class":70},[60,47192,47193],{"class":78},"100\n",[553,47195,47197],{"id":47196},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[51,47199,47201],{"className":53,"code":47200,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,47202,47203,47241,47245,47257,47264,47279,47294],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,47204,47205,47207,47209,47211,47213,47215,47217,47219,47221,47224,47226,47228,47230,47232,47234,47237,47239],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,47206,674],{"class":66},[60,47208,71],{"class":70},[60,47210,75],{"class":74},[60,47212,256],{"class":255},[60,47214,40077],{"class":259},[60,47216,256],{"class":255},[60,47218,82],{"class":74},[60,47220,267],{"class":255},[60,47222,47223],{"class":259},"12abc",[60,47225,256],{"class":255},[60,47227,82],{"class":74},[60,47229,6070],{"class":255},[60,47231,82],{"class":74},[60,47233,267],{"class":255},[60,47235,47236],{"class":259},"seven",[60,47238,256],{"class":255},[60,47240,101],{"class":74},[60,47242,47243],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,47244,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,47246,47247,47249,47251,47253,47255],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,47248,1702],{"class":1537},[60,47250,21517],{"class":66},[60,47252,511],{"class":1537},[60,47254,3840],{"class":66},[60,47256,1712],{"class":74},[60,47258,47259,47262],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,47260,47261],{"class":1537},"    try",[60,47263,1712],{"class":74},[60,47265,47266,47269,47271,47273,47275,47277],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,47267,47268],{"class":134},"        print",[60,47270,122],{"class":74},[60,47272,345],{"class":1656},[60,47274,122],{"class":74},[60,47276,221],{"class":118},[60,47278,315],{"class":74},[60,47280,47281,47284,47286,47289,47292],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,47282,47283],{"class":1537},"    except",[60,47285,41859],{"class":1656},[60,47287,47288],{"class":1537}," as",[60,47290,47291],{"class":66}," error",[60,47293,1712],{"class":74},[60,47295,47296,47298,47300,47302,47304,47306,47308,47311,47313,47316,47318,47321,47323,47325],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,47297,47268],{"class":134},[60,47299,122],{"class":74},[60,47301,22227],{"class":2033},[60,47303,256],{"class":259},[60,47305,9213],{"class":78},[60,47307,221],{"class":118},[60,47309,47310],{"class":2033},"!r",[60,47312,22236],{"class":78},[60,47314,47315],{"class":259}," -> ",[60,47317,9213],{"class":78},[60,47319,47320],{"class":118},"error",[60,47322,22236],{"class":78},[60,47324,256],{"class":259},[60,47326,128],{"class":74},[20,47328,318],{},[51,47330,47332],{"className":53,"code":47331,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,47333,47334,47370,47402,47427],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,47335,47336,47338,47340,47342,47345,47348,47350,47352,47354,47357,47360,47362,47364,47366,47368],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,47337,3261],{"class":43260},[60,47339,40077],{"class":43264},[60,47341,3261],{"class":43260},[60,47343,47344],{"class":37301}," ->",[60,47346,47347],{"class":66}," invalid literal ",[60,47349,1702],{"class":1537},[60,47351,45208],{"class":1656},[60,47353,7308],{"class":74},[60,47355,47356],{"class":1537}," with",[60,47358,47359],{"class":66}," base ",[60,47361,873],{"class":78},[60,47363,166],{"class":74},[60,47365,3256],{"class":255},[60,47367,40077],{"class":259},[60,47369,29631],{"class":255},[60,47371,47372,47374,47376,47378,47380,47382,47384,47386,47388,47390,47392,47394,47396,47398,47400],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,47373,3261],{"class":255},[60,47375,47223],{"class":259},[60,47377,3261],{"class":255},[60,47379,47344],{"class":37301},[60,47381,47347],{"class":66},[60,47383,1702],{"class":1537},[60,47385,45208],{"class":1656},[60,47387,7308],{"class":74},[60,47389,47356],{"class":1537},[60,47391,47359],{"class":66},[60,47393,873],{"class":78},[60,47395,166],{"class":74},[60,47397,3256],{"class":255},[60,47399,47223],{"class":259},[60,47401,29631],{"class":255},[60,47403,47404,47406,47408,47410,47412,47414,47416,47418,47420,47422,47424],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,47405,3729],{"class":255},[60,47407,47344],{"class":37301},[60,47409,47347],{"class":66},[60,47411,1702],{"class":1537},[60,47413,45208],{"class":1656},[60,47415,7308],{"class":74},[60,47417,47356],{"class":1537},[60,47419,47359],{"class":66},[60,47421,873],{"class":78},[60,47423,166],{"class":74},[60,47425,47426],{"class":255}," ''\n",[60,47428,47429,47431,47433,47435,47437,47439,47441,47443,47445,47447,47449,47451,47453,47455,47457],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,47430,3261],{"class":255},[60,47432,47236],{"class":259},[60,47434,3261],{"class":255},[60,47436,47344],{"class":37301},[60,47438,47347],{"class":66},[60,47440,1702],{"class":1537},[60,47442,45208],{"class":1656},[60,47444,7308],{"class":74},[60,47446,47356],{"class":1537},[60,47448,47359],{"class":66},[60,47450,873],{"class":78},[60,47452,166],{"class":74},[60,47454,3256],{"class":255},[60,47456,47236],{"class":259},[60,47458,29631],{"class":255},[20,47460,47461,47462,47464,47465,115],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[260,47463,8916],{"href":8915}," and the ",[260,47466,47467,2267],{"href":8159},[15,47468,2918],{},[46,47470,8356,47472,47474],{"id":47471},"using-int-with-floats",[15,47473,2838],{}," with floats",[20,47476,47477,47478,47480],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,47479,2838],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,47482,47483,47484,13989,47486,47488],{},"Important: ",[15,47485,2838],{},[3698,47487,4581],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[51,47490,47492],{"className":53,"code":47491,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,47493,47494,47508,47523,47539],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,47495,47496,47498,47500,47502,47504,47506],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,47497,135],{"class":134},[60,47499,122],{"class":74},[60,47501,345],{"class":1656},[60,47503,122],{"class":74},[60,47505,41917],{"class":78},[60,47507,315],{"class":74},[60,47509,47510,47512,47514,47516,47518,47521],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,47511,135],{"class":134},[60,47513,122],{"class":74},[60,47515,345],{"class":1656},[60,47517,122],{"class":74},[60,47519,47520],{"class":78},"3.1",[60,47522,315],{"class":74},[60,47524,47525,47527,47529,47531,47533,47535,47537],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,47526,135],{"class":134},[60,47528,122],{"class":74},[60,47530,345],{"class":1656},[60,47532,122],{"class":74},[60,47534,1991],{"class":70},[60,47536,41917],{"class":78},[60,47538,315],{"class":74},[60,47540,47541,47543,47545,47547,47549,47551,47553],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,47542,135],{"class":134},[60,47544,122],{"class":74},[60,47546,345],{"class":1656},[60,47548,122],{"class":74},[60,47550,1991],{"class":70},[60,47552,47520],{"class":78},[60,47554,315],{"class":74},[20,47556,318],{},[51,47558,47560],{"className":53,"code":47559,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,47561,47562,47566,47570,47576],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,47563,47564],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,47565,931],{"class":78},[60,47567,47568],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,47569,931],{"class":78},[60,47571,47572,47574],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,47573,1991],{"class":70},[60,47575,931],{"class":78},[60,47577,47578,47580],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,47579,1991],{"class":70},[60,47581,931],{"class":78},[20,47583,47584],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[30,47586,47587,47594],{},[33,47588,47589,42087,47592],{},[15,47590,47591],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47593,189],{},[33,47595,47596,42087,47599],{},[15,47597,47598],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47600,47601],{},"-3",[20,47603,47604,47605,47609,47610,115],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[260,47606,47607],{"href":2841},[15,47608,2844],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[260,47611,47612],{"href":42107},[15,47613,47614],{},"str()",[46,47616,8356,47618,47620],{"id":47617},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47619,2838],{}," with booleans",[20,47622,47623],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[51,47625,47627],{"className":53,"code":47626,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47628,47629,47643],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,47630,47631,47633,47635,47637,47639,47641],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,47632,135],{"class":134},[60,47634,122],{"class":74},[60,47636,345],{"class":1656},[60,47638,122],{"class":74},[60,47640,547],{"class":685},[60,47642,315],{"class":74},[60,47644,47645,47647,47649,47651,47653,47655],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,47646,135],{"class":134},[60,47648,122],{"class":74},[60,47650,345],{"class":1656},[60,47652,122],{"class":74},[60,47654,1463],{"class":685},[60,47656,315],{"class":74},[20,47658,318],{},[51,47660,47662],{"className":53,"code":47661,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"1\n0\n",[15,47663,47664,47668],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,47665,47666],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,47667,46848],{"class":78},[60,47669,47670],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,47671,1107],{"class":78},[20,47673,47674],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[51,47676,47678],{"className":53,"code":47677,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,47679,47680,47689,47704,47708],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,47681,47682,47685,47687],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,47683,47684],{"class":66},"passed ",[60,47686,71],{"class":70},[60,47688,6364],{"class":685},[60,47690,47691,47693,47695,47697,47699,47702],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,47692,41117],{"class":66},[60,47694,71],{"class":70},[60,47696,45208],{"class":1656},[60,47698,122],{"class":74},[60,47700,47701],{"class":118},"passed",[60,47703,128],{"class":74},[60,47705,47706],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,47707,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,47709,47710,47712,47714,47716],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,47711,135],{"class":134},[60,47713,122],{"class":74},[60,47715,41146],{"class":118},[60,47717,128],{"class":74},[20,47719,318],{},[51,47721,47722],{"className":53,"code":46848,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,47723,47724],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,47725,47726],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,47727,46848],{"class":78},[20,47729,47730,47731,115],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[260,47732,47733,2267],{"href":5726},[15,47734,3769],{},[46,47736,47738],{"id":47737},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,47740,47741,47742,47745],{},"Use the ",[15,47743,47744],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[553,47747,47749],{"id":47748},"binary-example","Binary example",[51,47751,47753],{"className":53,"code":47752,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47754,47755],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,47756,47757,47759,47761,47763,47765,47767,47769,47771,47773,47775],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,47758,135],{"class":134},[60,47760,122],{"class":74},[60,47762,345],{"class":1656},[60,47764,122],{"class":74},[60,47766,256],{"class":255},[60,47768,46524],{"class":259},[60,47770,256],{"class":255},[60,47772,82],{"class":74},[60,47774,85],{"class":78},[60,47776,315],{"class":74},[20,47778,318],{},[51,47780,47781],{"className":53,"code":2907,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,47782,47783],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,47784,47785],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,47786,2907],{"class":78},[20,47788,47789,47792],{},[15,47790,47791],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[30,47794,47795,47800,47805],{},[33,47796,47797],{},[15,47798,47799],{},"1 × 4",[33,47801,47802],{},[15,47803,47804],{},"0 × 2",[33,47806,47807],{},[15,47808,47809],{},"1 × 1",[20,47811,47812,47813,115],{},"So the result is ",[15,47814,1086],{},[553,47816,47818],{"id":47817},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[51,47820,47822],{"className":53,"code":47821,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47823,47824],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,47825,47826,47828,47830,47832,47834,47836,47838,47840,47842,47844],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,47827,135],{"class":134},[60,47829,122],{"class":74},[60,47831,345],{"class":1656},[60,47833,122],{"class":74},[60,47835,256],{"class":255},[60,47837,46948],{"class":259},[60,47839,256],{"class":255},[60,47841,82],{"class":74},[60,47843,13923],{"class":78},[60,47845,315],{"class":74},[20,47847,318],{},[51,47849,47850],{"className":53,"code":46977,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,47851,47852],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,47853,47854],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,47855,46977],{"class":78},[553,47857,47859],{"id":47858},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,47861,1947,47862,47864],{},[15,47863,47744],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,47866,47867],{},"Good:",[51,47869,47870],{"className":53,"code":47752,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,47871,47872],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,47873,47874,47876,47878,47880,47882,47884,47886,47888,47890,47892],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,47875,135],{"class":134},[60,47877,122],{"class":74},[60,47879,345],{"class":1656},[60,47881,122],{"class":74},[60,47883,256],{"class":255},[60,47885,46524],{"class":259},[60,47887,256],{"class":255},[60,47889,82],{"class":74},[60,47891,85],{"class":78},[60,47893,315],{"class":74},[20,47895,47896],{},"Not correct:",[51,47898,47900],{"className":53,"code":47899,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,47901,47902],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,47903,47904],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,47905,47899],{"class":146},[20,47907,47908,47909,8537,47911,47913],{},"That causes a ",[15,47910,2964],{},[15,47912,47744],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[46,47915,47917],{"id":47916},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,47919,47920,47921,47923,47924,544,47926,115],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,47922,2838],{}," are ",[15,47925,40638],{},[15,47927,2964],{},[553,47929,47930],{"id":41447},[15,47931,40638],{},[20,47933,47934],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,47936,238],{},[51,47938,47940],{"className":53,"code":47939,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47941,47942,47948,47966,47978],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,47943,47944,47946],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,47945,29735],{"class":1537},[60,47947,1712],{"class":74},[60,47949,47950,47952,47954,47956,47958,47960,47962,47964],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,47951,1718],{"class":134},[60,47953,122],{"class":74},[60,47955,345],{"class":1656},[60,47957,122],{"class":74},[60,47959,256],{"class":255},[60,47961,40077],{"class":259},[60,47963,256],{"class":255},[60,47965,315],{"class":74},[60,47967,47968,47970,47972,47974,47976],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,47969,29766],{"class":1537},[60,47971,41859],{"class":1656},[60,47973,47288],{"class":1537},[60,47975,47291],{"class":66},[60,47977,1712],{"class":74},[60,47979,47980,47982,47984,47986],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,47981,1718],{"class":134},[60,47983,122],{"class":74},[60,47985,47320],{"class":118},[60,47987,128],{"class":74},[20,47989,318],{},[51,47991,47993],{"className":53,"code":47992,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,47994,47995],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,47996,47997,48000,48002,48004,48006,48008,48010,48012,48014,48016,48018],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,47998,47999],{"class":66},"invalid literal ",[60,48001,1702],{"class":1537},[60,48003,45208],{"class":1656},[60,48005,7308],{"class":74},[60,48007,47356],{"class":1537},[60,48009,47359],{"class":66},[60,48011,873],{"class":78},[60,48013,166],{"class":74},[60,48015,3256],{"class":255},[60,48017,40077],{"class":259},[60,48019,29631],{"class":255},[20,48021,48022,48023,48026,48027,48029],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,48024,48025],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,48028,2838],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[51,48031,48033],{"className":53,"code":48032,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,48034,48035],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48036,48037,48039,48041,48043,48045,48047,48049,48051,48053,48055],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48038,135],{"class":134},[60,48040,122],{"class":74},[60,48042,345],{"class":1656},[60,48044,122],{"class":74},[60,48046,2157],{"class":1656},[60,48048,122],{"class":74},[60,48050,256],{"class":255},[60,48052,40077],{"class":259},[60,48054,256],{"class":255},[60,48056,2872],{"class":74},[20,48058,318],{},[51,48060,48061],{"className":53,"code":931,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,48062,48063],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48064,48065],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48066,931],{"class":78},[20,48068,48069,48070,544,48073,115],{},"If you see this often, read ",[260,48071,48072],{"href":2922},"how to convert string to int in Python",[260,48074,25612,48075],{"href":45848},[15,48076,45849],{},[553,48078,48079],{"id":41513},[15,48080,2964],{},[20,48082,48083],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,48085,238],{},[51,48087,48089],{"className":53,"code":48088,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48090,48091,48097,48111,48124],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48092,48093,48095],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48094,29735],{"class":1537},[60,48096,1712],{"class":74},[60,48098,48099,48101,48103,48105,48107,48109],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,48100,1718],{"class":134},[60,48102,122],{"class":74},[60,48104,345],{"class":1656},[60,48106,122],{"class":74},[60,48108,3734],{"class":685},[60,48110,315],{"class":74},[60,48112,48113,48115,48118,48120,48122],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,48114,29766],{"class":1537},[60,48116,48117],{"class":1656}," TypeError",[60,48119,47288],{"class":1537},[60,48121,47291],{"class":66},[60,48123,1712],{"class":74},[60,48125,48126,48128,48130,48132],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,48127,1718],{"class":134},[60,48129,122],{"class":74},[60,48131,47320],{"class":118},[60,48133,128],{"class":74},[20,48135,318],{},[51,48137,48139],{"className":53,"code":48138,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,48140,48141],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48142,48143,48145,48147,48150,48152,48154,48157,48159,48162,48164,48167,48169,48171,48173,48175,48178],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48144,345],{"class":1656},[60,48146,7308],{"class":74},[60,48148,48149],{"class":66}," argument must be a string",[60,48151,82],{"class":74},[60,48153,44476],{"class":66},[60,48155,48156],{"class":1656},"bytes",[60,48158,1991],{"class":70},[60,48160,48161],{"class":66},"like ",[60,48163,42330],{"class":1656},[60,48165,48166],{"class":70}," or",[60,48168,40774],{"class":66},[60,48170,82],{"class":74},[60,48172,8039],{"class":70},[60,48174,3256],{"class":255},[60,48176,48177],{"class":259},"NoneType",[60,48179,29631],{"class":255},[20,48181,48182,48183,48185],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,48184,47744],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[51,48187,48189],{"className":53,"code":48188,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48190,48191,48197,48215,48227],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48192,48193,48195],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48194,29735],{"class":1537},[60,48196,1712],{"class":74},[60,48198,48199,48201,48203,48205,48207,48209,48211,48213],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,48200,1718],{"class":134},[60,48202,122],{"class":74},[60,48204,345],{"class":1656},[60,48206,122],{"class":74},[60,48208,46524],{"class":78},[60,48210,82],{"class":74},[60,48212,85],{"class":78},[60,48214,315],{"class":74},[60,48216,48217,48219,48221,48223,48225],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,48218,29766],{"class":1537},[60,48220,48117],{"class":1656},[60,48222,47288],{"class":1537},[60,48224,47291],{"class":66},[60,48226,1712],{"class":74},[60,48228,48229,48231,48233,48235],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,48230,1718],{"class":134},[60,48232,122],{"class":74},[60,48234,47320],{"class":118},[60,48236,128],{"class":74},[20,48238,318],{},[51,48240,48242],{"className":53,"code":48241,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,48243,48244],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48245,48246,48248,48250,48253,48255],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48247,345],{"class":1656},[60,48249,7308],{"class":74},[60,48251,48252],{"class":66}," can",[60,48254,3261],{"class":255},[60,48256,48257],{"class":259},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[46,48259,1221,48261],{"id":48260},"when-to-use-int",[15,48262,2838],{},[20,48264,150,48265,48267],{},[15,48266,2838],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,48269,48270],{},"Common uses:",[30,48272,48273,48279,48282,48285],{},[33,48274,48275,48276,48278],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,48277,2918],{}," into integers",[33,48280,48281],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[33,48283,48284],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[33,48286,48287,48288,36550],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,48289,47744],{},[20,48291,48292],{},"Example with user input:",[51,48294,48296],{"className":53,"code":48295,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,48297,48298,48312,48327,48331],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48299,48300,48303,48305,48307,48310],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48301,48302],{"class":66},"age_text ",[60,48304,71],{"class":70},[60,48306,267],{"class":255},[60,48308,48309],{"class":259},"18",[60,48311,3320],{"class":255},[60,48313,48314,48316,48318,48320,48322,48325],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,48315,21561],{"class":66},[60,48317,71],{"class":70},[60,48319,45208],{"class":1656},[60,48321,122],{"class":74},[60,48323,48324],{"class":118},"age_text",[60,48326,128],{"class":74},[60,48328,48329],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,48330,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,48332,48333,48335,48337,48339,48341,48343],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,48334,135],{"class":134},[60,48336,122],{"class":74},[60,48338,21561],{"class":118},[60,48340,2028],{"class":70},[60,48342,695],{"class":78},[60,48344,128],{"class":74},[20,48346,318],{},[51,48348,48350],{"className":53,"code":48349,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"19\n",[15,48351,48352],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48353,48354],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48355,48349],{"class":78},[46,48357,1351],{"id":1350},[20,48359,14668,48360,115],{},[15,48361,2838],{},[553,48363,48365],{"id":48364},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,48367,48368],{},"This fails:",[51,48370,48372],{"className":53,"code":48371,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,48373,48374],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48375,48376],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48377,48371],{"class":146},[20,48379,48380,48381,48384],{},"Why: ",[15,48382,48383],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,48386,18774],{},[51,48388,48390],{"className":53,"code":48389,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,48391,48392],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48393,48394,48396,48398,48400,48402,48404,48406,48408,48410,48412],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48395,135],{"class":134},[60,48397,122],{"class":74},[60,48399,345],{"class":1656},[60,48401,122],{"class":74},[60,48403,2157],{"class":1656},[60,48405,122],{"class":74},[60,48407,256],{"class":255},[60,48409,41058],{"class":259},[60,48411,256],{"class":255},[60,48413,2872],{"class":74},[553,48415,48417],{"id":48416},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,48419,48368],{},[51,48421,48423],{"className":53,"code":48422,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,48424,48425],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48426,48427],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48428,48422],{"class":146},[20,48430,48431],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[553,48433,48435,48436],{"id":48434},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,48437,48438],{},"int(None)",[20,48440,48441,48442,48444],{},"This fails because ",[15,48443,3734],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[51,48446,48448],{"className":53,"code":48447,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48449,48450,48459,48463,48469,48483,48495],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48451,48452,48454,48456],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48453,1690],{"class":66},[60,48455,71],{"class":70},[60,48457,48458],{"class":685}," None\n",[60,48460,48461],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,48462,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,48464,48465,48467],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,48466,29735],{"class":1537},[60,48468,1712],{"class":74},[60,48470,48471,48473,48475,48477,48479,48481],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,48472,1718],{"class":134},[60,48474,122],{"class":74},[60,48476,345],{"class":1656},[60,48478,122],{"class":74},[60,48480,221],{"class":118},[60,48482,315],{"class":74},[60,48484,48485,48487,48489,48491,48493],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,48486,29766],{"class":1537},[60,48488,48117],{"class":1656},[60,48490,47288],{"class":1537},[60,48492,47291],{"class":66},[60,48494,1712],{"class":74},[60,48496,48497,48499,48501,48503],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,48498,1718],{"class":134},[60,48500,122],{"class":74},[60,48502,47320],{"class":118},[60,48504,128],{"class":74},[553,48506,48508],{"id":48507},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,48510,48368],{},[51,48512,48513],{"className":53,"code":47899,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,48514,48515],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48516,48517],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48518,47899],{"class":146},[20,48520,48521],{},"Use a string instead:",[51,48523,48524],{"className":53,"code":47752,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,48525,48526],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48527,48528,48530,48532,48534,48536,48538,48540,48542,48544,48546],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48529,135],{"class":134},[60,48531,122],{"class":74},[60,48533,345],{"class":1656},[60,48535,122],{"class":74},[60,48537,256],{"class":255},[60,48539,46524],{"class":259},[60,48541,256],{"class":255},[60,48543,82],{"class":74},[60,48545,85],{"class":78},[60,48547,315],{"class":74},[553,48549,1454,48551,48553],{"id":48550},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,48552,2838],{}," to round",[20,48555,48556],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[51,48558,48560],{"className":53,"code":48559,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,48561,48562],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48563,48564,48566,48568,48570,48572,48575],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48565,135],{"class":134},[60,48567,122],{"class":74},[60,48569,345],{"class":1656},[60,48571,122],{"class":74},[60,48573,48574],{"class":78},"4.9",[60,48576,315],{"class":74},[20,48578,318],{},[51,48580,48582],{"className":53,"code":48581,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"4\n",[15,48583,48584],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48585,48586],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48587,48581],{"class":78},[20,48589,3129,48590,48592,48593,48595],{},[15,48591,1086],{},", remember that ",[15,48594,2838],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[46,48597,1773],{"id":1772},[553,48599,1777,48601,48603],{"id":48600},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48602,2838],{}," round numbers?",[20,48605,46297,48606,48608],{},[15,48607,2838],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[553,48610,1821,48612,48615],{"id":48611},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48613,48614],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,48617,1438,48618,48620,48621,48623,48624,39863],{},[15,48619,48025],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48622,2844],{}," first, then use ",[15,48625,2838],{},[553,48627,5090,48629,12652],{"id":48628},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48630,48631],{},"int(True)",[20,48633,5096,48634,28246,48636,42087,48638,115],{},[15,48635,79],{},[15,48637,1463],{},[15,48639,195],{},[553,48641,48643],{"id":48642},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,48645,48646],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[46,48648,1842],{"id":1841},[30,48650,48651,48657,48663,48669,48674,48678,48684],{},[33,48652,48653],{},[260,48654,48655,3471],{"href":2841},[15,48656,2844],{},[33,48658,48659],{},[260,48660,48661,3471],{"href":42107},[15,48662,47614],{},[33,48664,48665],{},[260,48666,48667,3471],{"href":5726},[15,48668,3769],{},[33,48670,48671],{},[260,48672,48673],{"href":2922},"How to convert string to int in Python",[33,48675,48676],{},[260,48677,8993],{"href":8915},[33,48679,48680],{},[260,48681,48682,3471],{"href":8159},[15,48683,2918],{},[33,48685,48686],{},[260,48687,30279,48688],{"href":45848},[15,48689,45849],{},[1885,48691,48692],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":48694},[48695,48696,48698,48702,48707,48709,48711,48716,48720,48722,48731,48740],{"id":1971,"depth":104,"text":1972},{"id":46560,"depth":104,"text":48697},"What int() does",{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199,"children":48699},[48700,48701],{"id":46751,"depth":131,"text":46754},{"id":46851,"depth":131,"text":46854},{"id":46987,"depth":104,"text":48703,"children":48704},"Using int() with strings",[48705,48706],{"id":47109,"depth":131,"text":47110},{"id":47196,"depth":131,"text":47197},{"id":47471,"depth":104,"text":48708},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47617,"depth":104,"text":48710},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47737,"depth":104,"text":47738,"children":48712},[48713,48714,48715],{"id":47748,"depth":131,"text":47749},{"id":47817,"depth":131,"text":47818},{"id":47858,"depth":131,"text":47859},{"id":47916,"depth":104,"text":47917,"children":48717},[48718,48719],{"id":41447,"depth":131,"text":40638},{"id":41513,"depth":131,"text":2964},{"id":48260,"depth":104,"text":48721},"When to use int()",{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351,"children":48723},[48724,48725,48726,48728,48729],{"id":48364,"depth":131,"text":48365},{"id":48416,"depth":131,"text":48417},{"id":48434,"depth":131,"text":48727},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48507,"depth":131,"text":48508},{"id":48550,"depth":131,"text":48730},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":48732},[48733,48735,48737,48739],{"id":48600,"depth":131,"text":48734},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48611,"depth":131,"text":48736},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48628,"depth":131,"text":48738},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48642,"depth":131,"text":48643},{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":42029,"description":48741},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48748,"title":48749,"body":48750,"description":50585,"extension":1930,"meta":50586,"navigation":421,"path":44734,"seo":50587,"stem":50588,"__hash__":50589},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48751,"toc":50541},[48752,48757,48762,48770,48779,48781,48840,48846,48851,48856,48859,48887,48890,48893,48904,48914,48916,48918,48938,48942,48970,48972,49011,49013,49021,49023,49026,49030,49083,49085,49097,49101,49158,49160,49172,49178,49184,49188,49191,49194,49260,49262,49274,49280,49282,49334,49337,49378,49381,49388,49397,49403,49406,49439,49445,49448,49479,49485,49488,49500,49504,49509,49513,49671,49673,49688,49691,49695,49799,49801,49818,49822,49883,49885,49893,49896,49900,49967,49969,49978,49984,49986,49995,49997,50032,50037,50039,50069,50073,50075,50112,50115,50117,50154,50160,50162,50212,50214,50222,50232,50238,50242,50247,50296,50298,50311,50314,50316,50319,50394,50397,50416,50419,50448,50458,50460,50465,50472,50478,50484,50491,50499,50505,50508,50510,50538],[10,48753,1875,48755,3541],{"id":48754},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,48756,44737],{},[20,48758,48759,48761],{},[15,48760,44737],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,48763,48764,48765,1460,48767,48769],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,48766,547],{},[15,48768,1463],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,48771,48772,48773,48775,48776,48778],{},"In many cases, ",[15,48774,44737],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,48777,2266],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[46,48780,49],{"id":48},[51,48782,48784],{"className":53,"code":48783,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,48785,48786,48794,48798,48819],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48787,48788,48790,48792],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48789,1690],{"class":66},[60,48791,71],{"class":70},[60,48793,2548],{"class":78},[60,48795,48796],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,48797,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,48799,48800,48802,48804,48807,48809,48811,48813,48815,48817],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,48801,135],{"class":134},[60,48803,122],{"class":74},[60,48805,48806],{"class":134},"isinstance",[60,48808,122],{"class":74},[60,48810,221],{"class":118},[60,48812,82],{"class":74},[60,48814,45208],{"class":1656},[60,48816,446],{"class":74},[60,48818,43786],{"class":146},[60,48820,48821,48823,48825,48827,48829,48831,48833,48836,48838],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,48822,135],{"class":134},[60,48824,122],{"class":74},[60,48826,48806],{"class":134},[60,48828,122],{"class":74},[60,48830,221],{"class":118},[60,48832,82],{"class":74},[60,48834,48835],{"class":1656}," str",[60,48837,446],{"class":74},[60,48839,43803],{"class":146},[20,48841,150,48842,48845],{},[15,48843,48844],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[46,48847,158,48849,161],{"id":48848},"what-isinstance-does",[15,48850,44737],{},[20,48852,48853,48855],{},[15,48854,44737],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,48857,48858],{},"It:",[30,48860,48861,48864,48870,48873],{},[33,48862,48863],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[33,48865,11359,48866,1460,48868],{},[15,48867,547],{},[15,48869,1463],{},[33,48871,48872],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[33,48874,48875,48876,2154,48878,2154,48880,2154,48882,17007,48885],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,48877,3405],{},[15,48879,345],{},[15,48881,8033],{},[15,48883,48884],{},"tuple",[15,48886,8756],{},[20,48888,48889],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,48891,48892],{},"For example, you might want to:",[30,48894,48895,48898,48901],{},[33,48896,48897],{},"loop through a list",[33,48899,48900],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[33,48902,48903],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,48905,48906,48907,1460,48910,115],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[260,48908,44729],{"href":48909},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[260,48911,48913],{"href":48912},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[46,48915,199],{"id":198},[20,48917,202],{},[51,48919,48921],{"className":53,"code":48920,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,48922,48923],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48924,48925,48927,48929,48931,48933,48936],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48926,48806],{"class":134},[60,48928,122],{"class":74},[60,48930,42330],{"class":1656},[60,48932,82],{"class":74},[60,48934,48935],{"class":118}," classinfo",[60,48937,128],{"class":74},[553,48939,48941],{"id":48940},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[30,48943,48944,48949,48963],{},[33,48945,48946,48948],{},[15,48947,42330],{}," is the value you want to test",[33,48950,48951,48954,48955,2154,48957,2154,48959,2158,48961],{},[15,48952,48953],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,48956,345],{},[15,48958,3405],{},[15,48960,8033],{},[15,48962,8756],{},[33,48964,48965,48966,1460,48968],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,48967,547],{},[15,48969,1463],{},[20,48971,238],{},[51,48973,48975],{"className":53,"code":48974,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,48976,48977,48989,48993],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48978,48979,48981,48983,48985,48987],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48980,7816],{"class":66},[60,48982,71],{"class":70},[60,48984,267],{"class":255},[60,48986,11445],{"class":259},[60,48988,3320],{"class":255},[60,48990,48991],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,48992,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,48994,48995,48997,48999,49001,49003,49005,49007,49009],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,48996,135],{"class":134},[60,48998,122],{"class":74},[60,49000,48806],{"class":134},[60,49002,122],{"class":74},[60,49004,7611],{"class":118},[60,49006,82],{"class":74},[60,49008,48835],{"class":1656},[60,49010,315],{"class":74},[20,49012,318],{},[51,49014,49015],{"className":53,"code":3933,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,49016,49017],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49018,49019],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49020,3933],{"class":685},[46,49022,11411],{"id":11410},[20,49024,49025],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[553,49027,49029],{"id":49028},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[51,49031,49033],{"className":53,"code":49032,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,49034,49035,49043,49047,49065],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49036,49037,49039,49041],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49038,1690],{"class":66},[60,49040,71],{"class":70},[60,49042,45157],{"class":78},[60,49044,49045],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,49046,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,49048,49049,49051,49053,49055,49057,49059,49061,49063],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,49050,135],{"class":134},[60,49052,122],{"class":74},[60,49054,48806],{"class":134},[60,49056,122],{"class":74},[60,49058,221],{"class":118},[60,49060,82],{"class":74},[60,49062,45208],{"class":1656},[60,49064,315],{"class":74},[60,49066,49067,49069,49071,49073,49075,49077,49079,49081],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,49068,135],{"class":134},[60,49070,122],{"class":74},[60,49072,48806],{"class":134},[60,49074,122],{"class":74},[60,49076,221],{"class":118},[60,49078,82],{"class":74},[60,49080,48835],{"class":1656},[60,49082,315],{"class":74},[20,49084,318],{},[51,49086,49087],{"className":53,"code":44105,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,49088,49089,49093],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49090,49091],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49092,3933],{"class":685},[60,49094,49095],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,49096,3994],{"class":685},[553,49098,49100],{"id":49099},"check-text","Check text",[51,49102,49104],{"className":53,"code":49103,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,49105,49106,49118,49122,49140],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49107,49108,49110,49112,49114,49116],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49109,34621],{"class":66},[60,49111,71],{"class":70},[60,49113,267],{"class":255},[60,49115,3801],{"class":259},[60,49117,3320],{"class":255},[60,49119,49120],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,49121,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,49123,49124,49126,49128,49130,49132,49134,49136,49138],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,49125,135],{"class":134},[60,49127,122],{"class":74},[60,49129,48806],{"class":134},[60,49131,122],{"class":74},[60,49133,34642],{"class":118},[60,49135,82],{"class":74},[60,49137,48835],{"class":1656},[60,49139,315],{"class":74},[60,49141,49142,49144,49146,49148,49150,49152,49154,49156],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,49143,135],{"class":134},[60,49145,122],{"class":74},[60,49147,48806],{"class":134},[60,49149,122],{"class":74},[60,49151,34642],{"class":118},[60,49153,82],{"class":74},[60,49155,45208],{"class":1656},[60,49157,315],{"class":74},[20,49159,318],{},[51,49161,49162],{"className":53,"code":44105,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,49163,49164,49168],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49165,49166],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49167,3933],{"class":685},[60,49169,49170],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,49171,3994],{"class":685},[20,49173,49174,49175,49177],{},"In both examples, ",[15,49176,44737],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,49179,49180,49181,115],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[260,49182,49183],{"href":2922},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[46,49185,49187],{"id":49186},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,49189,49190],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,49192,49193],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[51,49195,49197],{"className":53,"code":49196,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,49198,49199,49208,49212,49236],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49200,49201,49203,49205],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49202,1690],{"class":66},[60,49204,71],{"class":70},[60,49206,49207],{"class":78}," 3.5\n",[60,49209,49210],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,49211,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,49213,49214,49216,49218,49220,49222,49224,49226,49228,49230,49232,49234],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,49215,135],{"class":134},[60,49217,122],{"class":74},[60,49219,48806],{"class":134},[60,49221,122],{"class":74},[60,49223,221],{"class":118},[60,49225,82],{"class":74},[60,49227,9171],{"class":74},[60,49229,345],{"class":1656},[60,49231,82],{"class":74},[60,49233,40189],{"class":1656},[60,49235,2872],{"class":74},[60,49237,49238,49240,49242,49244,49246,49248,49250,49252,49254,49256,49258],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,49239,135],{"class":134},[60,49241,122],{"class":74},[60,49243,48806],{"class":134},[60,49245,122],{"class":74},[60,49247,221],{"class":118},[60,49249,82],{"class":74},[60,49251,9171],{"class":74},[60,49253,3405],{"class":1656},[60,49255,82],{"class":74},[60,49257,22492],{"class":1656},[60,49259,2872],{"class":74},[20,49261,318],{},[51,49263,49264],{"className":53,"code":44105,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,49265,49266,49270],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49267,49268],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49269,3933],{"class":685},[60,49271,49272],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,49273,3994],{"class":685},[20,49275,49276,49277,49279],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,49278,40771],{}," conditions.",[20,49281,8238],{},[51,49283,49285],{"className":53,"code":49284,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,49286,49287,49295,49299],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49288,49289,49291,49293],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49290,1690],{"class":66},[60,49292,71],{"class":70},[60,49294,49207],{"class":78},[60,49296,49297],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,49298,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,49300,49301,49303,49305,49307,49309,49311,49313,49315,49317,49319,49322,49324,49326,49328,49330,49332],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,49302,135],{"class":134},[60,49304,122],{"class":74},[60,49306,1657],{"class":1656},[60,49308,122],{"class":74},[60,49310,221],{"class":118},[60,49312,143],{"class":74},[60,49314,6349],{"class":70},[60,49316,45208],{"class":1656},[60,49318,48166],{"class":1537},[60,49320,49321],{"class":1656}," type",[60,49323,122],{"class":74},[60,49325,221],{"class":118},[60,49327,143],{"class":74},[60,49329,6349],{"class":70},[60,49331,40189],{"class":1656},[60,49333,128],{"class":74},[20,49335,49336],{},"you can write this:",[51,49338,49340],{"className":53,"code":49339,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49341,49342,49350,49354],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49343,49344,49346,49348],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49345,1690],{"class":66},[60,49347,71],{"class":70},[60,49349,49207],{"class":78},[60,49351,49352],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,49353,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,49355,49356,49358,49360,49362,49364,49366,49368,49370,49372,49374,49376],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,49357,135],{"class":134},[60,49359,122],{"class":74},[60,49361,48806],{"class":134},[60,49363,122],{"class":74},[60,49365,221],{"class":118},[60,49367,82],{"class":74},[60,49369,9171],{"class":74},[60,49371,345],{"class":1656},[60,49373,82],{"class":74},[60,49375,40189],{"class":1656},[60,49377,2872],{"class":74},[20,49379,49380],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[46,49382,49384,10521,49386],{"id":49383},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,49385,44737],{},[15,49387,2266],{},[20,49389,10526,49390,544,49392,49396],{},[15,49391,44737],{},[260,49393,49394],{"href":2263},[15,49395,2266],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[553,49398,49400],{"id":49399},"typevalue-int",[15,49401,49402],{},"type(value) == int",[20,49404,49405],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[51,49407,49409],{"className":53,"code":49408,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,49410,49411,49419],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49412,49413,49415,49417],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49414,1690],{"class":66},[60,49416,71],{"class":70},[60,49418,2548],{"class":78},[60,49420,49421,49423,49425,49427,49429,49431,49433,49435,49437],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,49422,135],{"class":134},[60,49424,122],{"class":74},[60,49426,1657],{"class":1656},[60,49428,122],{"class":74},[60,49430,221],{"class":118},[60,49432,143],{"class":74},[60,49434,6349],{"class":70},[60,49436,45208],{"class":1656},[60,49438,128],{"class":74},[553,49440,49442],{"id":49441},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,49443,49444],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,49446,49447],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[51,49449,49451],{"className":53,"code":49450,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,49452,49453,49461],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49454,49455,49457,49459],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49456,1690],{"class":66},[60,49458,71],{"class":70},[60,49460,2548],{"class":78},[60,49462,49463,49465,49467,49469,49471,49473,49475,49477],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,49464,135],{"class":134},[60,49466,122],{"class":74},[60,49468,48806],{"class":134},[60,49470,122],{"class":74},[60,49472,221],{"class":118},[60,49474,82],{"class":74},[60,49476,45208],{"class":1656},[60,49478,315],{"class":74},[20,49480,49481,49482,49484],{},"For beginners, ",[15,49483,44737],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,49486,49487],{},"In everyday code:",[30,49489,49490,49495],{},[33,49491,39924,49492,49494],{},[15,49493,2266],{}," when you need the exact type",[33,49496,39924,49497,49499],{},[15,49498,44737],{}," when you want a practical type check",[46,49501,49503],{"id":49502},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,49505,49506,49507,115],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,49508,44737],{},[553,49510,49512],{"id":49511},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[51,49514,49516],{"className":53,"code":49515,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,49517,49518,49536,49555,49567,49572,49590,49601,49605,49617,49621,49645],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49519,49520,49522,49525,49527,49529,49531,49534],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49521,34785],{"class":2033},[60,49523,49524],{"class":34788}," repeat_text",[60,49526,122],{"class":74},[60,49528,34642],{"class":37597},[60,49530,82],{"class":74},[60,49532,49533],{"class":37597}," count",[60,49535,8281],{"class":74},[60,49537,49538,49540,49542,49545,49547,49549,49551,49553],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,49539,6339],{"class":1537},[60,49541,8039],{"class":70},[60,49543,49544],{"class":134}," isinstance",[60,49546,122],{"class":74},[60,49548,34642],{"class":118},[60,49550,82],{"class":74},[60,49552,48835],{"class":1656},[60,49554,8281],{"class":74},[60,49556,49557,49560,49562,49565],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,49558,49559],{"class":1537},"        return",[60,49561,267],{"class":255},[60,49563,49564],{"class":259},"text must be a string",[60,49566,3320],{"class":255},[60,49568,49569],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,49570,49571],{"class":66},"    \n",[60,49573,49574,49576,49578,49580,49582,49584,49586,49588],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,49575,6339],{"class":1537},[60,49577,8039],{"class":70},[60,49579,49544],{"class":134},[60,49581,122],{"class":74},[60,49583,119],{"class":118},[60,49585,82],{"class":74},[60,49587,45208],{"class":1656},[60,49589,8281],{"class":74},[60,49591,49592,49594,49596,49599],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,49593,49559],{"class":1537},[60,49595,267],{"class":255},[60,49597,49598],{"class":259},"count must be an integer",[60,49600,3320],{"class":255},[60,49602,49603],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,49604,49571],{"class":66},[60,49606,49607,49609,49612,49614],{"class":62,"line":6367},[60,49608,34796],{"class":1537},[60,49610,49611],{"class":66}," text ",[60,49613,39806],{"class":70},[60,49615,49616],{"class":66}," count\n",[60,49618,49619],{"class":62,"line":6373},[60,49620,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,49622,49623,49625,49627,49630,49632,49634,49637,49639,49641,49643],{"class":62,"line":6378},[60,49624,135],{"class":134},[60,49626,122],{"class":74},[60,49628,49629],{"class":118},"repeat_text",[60,49631,122],{"class":74},[60,49633,256],{"class":255},[60,49635,49636],{"class":259},"Hi ",[60,49638,256],{"class":255},[60,49640,82],{"class":74},[60,49642,94],{"class":78},[60,49644,315],{"class":74},[60,49646,49647,49649,49651,49653,49655,49657,49659,49661,49663,49665,49667,49669],{"class":62,"line":11531},[60,49648,135],{"class":134},[60,49650,122],{"class":74},[60,49652,49629],{"class":118},[60,49654,122],{"class":74},[60,49656,256],{"class":255},[60,49658,49636],{"class":259},[60,49660,256],{"class":255},[60,49662,82],{"class":74},[60,49664,267],{"class":255},[60,49666,189],{"class":259},[60,49668,256],{"class":255},[60,49670,315],{"class":74},[20,49672,318],{},[51,49674,49676],{"className":53,"code":49675,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,49677,49678,49683],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49679,49680],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49681,49682],{"class":66},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[60,49684,49685],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,49686,49687],{"class":66},"count must be an integer\n",[20,49689,49690],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[553,49692,49694],{"id":49693},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[51,49696,49698],{"className":53,"code":49697,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,49699,49700,49732,49736,49752,49767,49784],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49701,49702,49704,49706,49708,49710,49712,49714,49716,49718,49720,49722,49724,49726,49728,49730],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49703,1690],{"class":66},[60,49705,71],{"class":70},[60,49707,75],{"class":74},[60,49709,256],{"class":255},[60,49711,260],{"class":259},[60,49713,256],{"class":255},[60,49715,82],{"class":74},[60,49717,267],{"class":255},[60,49719,270],{"class":259},[60,49721,256],{"class":255},[60,49723,82],{"class":74},[60,49725,267],{"class":255},[60,49727,287],{"class":259},[60,49729,256],{"class":255},[60,49731,101],{"class":74},[60,49733,49734],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,49735,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,49737,49738,49740,49742,49744,49746,49748,49750],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,49739,6939],{"class":1537},[60,49741,49544],{"class":134},[60,49743,122],{"class":74},[60,49745,221],{"class":118},[60,49747,82],{"class":74},[60,49749,48835],{"class":1656},[60,49751,8281],{"class":74},[60,49753,49754,49756,49758,49760,49763,49765],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,49755,1718],{"class":134},[60,49757,122],{"class":74},[60,49759,256],{"class":255},[60,49761,49762],{"class":259},"This is text",[60,49764,256],{"class":255},[60,49766,128],{"class":74},[60,49768,49769,49772,49774,49776,49778,49780,49782],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,49770,49771],{"class":1537},"elif",[60,49773,49544],{"class":134},[60,49775,122],{"class":74},[60,49777,221],{"class":118},[60,49779,82],{"class":74},[60,49781,22492],{"class":1656},[60,49783,8281],{"class":74},[60,49785,49786,49788,49790,49792,49795,49797],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,49787,1718],{"class":134},[60,49789,122],{"class":74},[60,49791,256],{"class":255},[60,49793,49794],{"class":259},"This is a list",[60,49796,256],{"class":255},[60,49798,128],{"class":74},[20,49800,318],{},[51,49802,49804],{"className":53,"code":49803,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"This is a list\n",[15,49805,49806],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49807,49808,49811,49813,49815],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49809,49810],{"class":66},"This ",[60,49812,12130],{"class":70},[60,49814,44476],{"class":66},[60,49816,49817],{"class":1656},"list\n",[553,49819,49821],{"id":49820},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[51,49823,49825],{"className":53,"code":49824,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,49826,49827,49839,49843,49859,49873],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49828,49829,49831,49833,49835,49837],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49830,1690],{"class":66},[60,49832,71],{"class":70},[60,49834,267],{"class":255},[60,49836,46458],{"class":259},[60,49838,3320],{"class":255},[60,49840,49841],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,49842,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,49844,49845,49847,49849,49851,49853,49855,49857],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,49846,6939],{"class":1537},[60,49848,49544],{"class":134},[60,49850,122],{"class":74},[60,49852,221],{"class":118},[60,49854,82],{"class":74},[60,49856,48835],{"class":1656},[60,49858,8281],{"class":74},[60,49860,49861,49863,49865,49867,49869,49871],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,49862,41823],{"class":66},[60,49864,71],{"class":70},[60,49866,45208],{"class":1656},[60,49868,122],{"class":74},[60,49870,221],{"class":118},[60,49872,128],{"class":74},[60,49874,49875,49877,49879,49881],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,49876,1718],{"class":134},[60,49878,122],{"class":74},[60,49880,2204],{"class":118},[60,49882,128],{"class":74},[20,49884,318],{},[51,49886,49887],{"className":53,"code":46544,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,49888,49889],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49890,49891],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49892,46544],{"class":78},[20,49894,49895],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[553,49897,49899],{"id":49898},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[51,49901,49903],{"className":53,"code":49902,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,49904,49905,49929,49933,49949],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49906,49907,49909,49911,49913,49915,49917,49919,49921,49923,49925,49927],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49908,1690],{"class":66},[60,49910,71],{"class":70},[60,49912,10426],{"class":74},[60,49914,256],{"class":255},[60,49916,7611],{"class":259},[60,49918,256],{"class":255},[60,49920,166],{"class":74},[60,49922,267],{"class":255},[60,49924,12817],{"class":259},[60,49926,256],{"class":255},[60,49928,9244],{"class":74},[60,49930,49931],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,49932,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,49934,49935,49937,49939,49941,49943,49945,49947],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,49936,6939],{"class":1537},[60,49938,49544],{"class":134},[60,49940,122],{"class":74},[60,49942,221],{"class":118},[60,49944,82],{"class":74},[60,49946,9105],{"class":1656},[60,49948,8281],{"class":74},[60,49950,49951,49953,49955,49957,49959,49961,49963,49965],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,49952,1718],{"class":134},[60,49954,122],{"class":74},[60,49956,221],{"class":118},[60,49958,3854],{"class":74},[60,49960,256],{"class":255},[60,49962,7611],{"class":259},[60,49964,256],{"class":255},[60,49966,1193],{"class":74},[20,49968,318],{},[51,49970,49972],{"className":53,"code":49971,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Ana\n",[15,49973,49974],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49975,49976],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49977,49971],{"class":66},[20,49979,49980,49981,49983],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,49982,2964],{}," messages later.",[46,49985,4468],{"id":4467},[553,49987,49989,49990,11028,49993],{"id":49988},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,49991,49992],{},"\"int\"",[15,49994,345],{},[20,49996,16579],{},[51,49998,50000],{"className":53,"code":49999,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,50001,50002,50010],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,50003,50004,50006,50008],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,50005,1690],{"class":66},[60,50007,71],{"class":70},[60,50009,2548],{"class":78},[60,50011,50012,50014,50016,50018,50020,50022,50024,50026,50028,50030],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,50013,135],{"class":134},[60,50015,122],{"class":74},[60,50017,48806],{"class":134},[60,50019,122],{"class":74},[60,50021,221],{"class":118},[60,50023,82],{"class":74},[60,50025,267],{"class":255},[60,50027,345],{"class":259},[60,50029,256],{"class":255},[60,50031,315],{"class":74},[20,50033,50034,50036],{},[15,50035,49992],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,50038,16591],{},[51,50040,50041],{"className":53,"code":49450,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,50042,50043,50051],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,50044,50045,50047,50049],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,50046,1690],{"class":66},[60,50048,71],{"class":70},[60,50050,2548],{"class":78},[60,50052,50053,50055,50057,50059,50061,50063,50065,50067],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,50054,135],{"class":134},[60,50056,122],{"class":74},[60,50058,48806],{"class":134},[60,50060,122],{"class":74},[60,50062,221],{"class":118},[60,50064,82],{"class":74},[60,50066,45208],{"class":1656},[60,50068,315],{"class":74},[553,50070,50072],{"id":50071},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,50074,16579],{},[51,50076,50078],{"className":53,"code":50077,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,50079,50080,50088],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,50081,50082,50084,50086],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,50083,1690],{"class":66},[60,50085,71],{"class":70},[60,50087,34776],{"class":78},[60,50089,50090,50092,50094,50096,50098,50100,50102,50104,50106,50108,50110],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,50091,135],{"class":134},[60,50093,122],{"class":74},[60,50095,48806],{"class":134},[60,50097,122],{"class":74},[60,50099,221],{"class":118},[60,50101,82],{"class":74},[60,50103,75],{"class":74},[60,50105,345],{"class":1656},[60,50107,82],{"class":74},[60,50109,40189],{"class":1656},[60,50111,2958],{"class":74},[20,50113,50114],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,50116,16591],{},[51,50118,50120],{"className":53,"code":50119,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,50121,50122,50130],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,50123,50124,50126,50128],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,50125,1690],{"class":66},[60,50127,71],{"class":70},[60,50129,34776],{"class":78},[60,50131,50132,50134,50136,50138,50140,50142,50144,50146,50148,50150,50152],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,50133,135],{"class":134},[60,50135,122],{"class":74},[60,50137,48806],{"class":134},[60,50139,122],{"class":74},[60,50141,221],{"class":118},[60,50143,82],{"class":74},[60,50145,9171],{"class":74},[60,50147,345],{"class":1656},[60,50149,82],{"class":74},[60,50151,40189],{"class":1656},[60,50153,2872],{"class":74},[553,50155,25707,50157,50159],{"id":50156},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,50158,44737],{}," converts a value",[20,50161,18847],{},[51,50163,50165],{"className":53,"code":50164,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,50166,50167,50180,50198,50202],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,50168,50169,50171,50173,50175,50178],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,50170,1690],{"class":66},[60,50172,71],{"class":70},[60,50174,267],{"class":255},[60,50176,50177],{"class":259},"123",[60,50179,3320],{"class":255},[60,50181,50182,50184,50186,50188,50190,50192,50194,50196],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,50183,107],{"class":66},[60,50185,71],{"class":70},[60,50187,49544],{"class":134},[60,50189,122],{"class":74},[60,50191,221],{"class":118},[60,50193,82],{"class":74},[60,50195,45208],{"class":1656},[60,50197,128],{"class":74},[60,50199,50200],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,50201,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,50203,50204,50206,50208,50210],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,50205,135],{"class":134},[60,50207,122],{"class":74},[60,50209,140],{"class":118},[60,50211,128],{"class":74},[20,50213,318],{},[51,50215,50216],{"className":53,"code":3994,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,50217,50218],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,50219,50220],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,50221,3994],{"class":685},[20,50223,50224,50225,50228,50229,50231],{},"This does not convert ",[15,50226,50227],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,50230,50177],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,50233,50234,50235,6573],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,50236,50237],{},"int(value)",[553,50239,50241],{"id":50240},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,50243,50244,50246],{},[15,50245,44737],{}," does not modify anything.",[51,50248,50250],{"className":53,"code":50249,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,50251,50252,50264,50268,50286],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,50253,50254,50256,50258,50260,50262],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,50255,1690],{"class":66},[60,50257,71],{"class":70},[60,50259,267],{"class":255},[60,50261,13493],{"class":259},[60,50263,3320],{"class":255},[60,50265,50266],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,50267,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,50269,50270,50272,50274,50276,50278,50280,50282,50284],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,50271,135],{"class":134},[60,50273,122],{"class":74},[60,50275,48806],{"class":134},[60,50277,122],{"class":74},[60,50279,221],{"class":118},[60,50281,82],{"class":74},[60,50283,48835],{"class":1656},[60,50285,315],{"class":74},[60,50287,50288,50290,50292,50294],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,50289,135],{"class":134},[60,50291,122],{"class":74},[60,50293,221],{"class":118},[60,50295,128],{"class":74},[20,50297,318],{},[51,50299,50301],{"className":53,"code":50300,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"True\n100\n",[15,50302,50303,50307],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,50304,50305],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,50306,3933],{"class":685},[60,50308,50309],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,50310,47193],{"class":78},[20,50312,50313],{},"The value stays the same.",[46,50315,25875],{"id":25874},[20,50317,50318],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[51,50320,50322],{"className":53,"code":50321,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,50323,50324,50338,50356,50380],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,50325,50326,50328,50330,50332,50334,50336],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,50327,135],{"class":134},[60,50329,122],{"class":74},[60,50331,1657],{"class":1656},[60,50333,122],{"class":74},[60,50335,221],{"class":118},[60,50337,315],{"class":74},[60,50339,50340,50342,50344,50346,50348,50350,50352,50354],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,50341,135],{"class":134},[60,50343,122],{"class":74},[60,50345,48806],{"class":134},[60,50347,122],{"class":74},[60,50349,221],{"class":118},[60,50351,82],{"class":74},[60,50353,45208],{"class":1656},[60,50355,315],{"class":74},[60,50357,50358,50360,50362,50364,50366,50368,50370,50372,50374,50376,50378],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,50359,135],{"class":134},[60,50361,122],{"class":74},[60,50363,48806],{"class":134},[60,50365,122],{"class":74},[60,50367,221],{"class":118},[60,50369,82],{"class":74},[60,50371,9171],{"class":74},[60,50373,345],{"class":1656},[60,50375,82],{"class":74},[60,50377,40189],{"class":1656},[60,50379,2872],{"class":74},[60,50381,50382,50384,50386,50388,50390,50392],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,50383,135],{"class":134},[60,50385,122],{"class":74},[60,50387,1723],{"class":134},[60,50389,122],{"class":74},[60,50391,221],{"class":118},[60,50393,315],{"class":74},[20,50395,50396],{},"These can help when:",[30,50398,50399,50402,50407,50410],{},[33,50400,50401],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[33,50403,50404,50405],{},"you are getting a ",[15,50406,2964],{},[33,50408,50409],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[33,50411,50412,50413,50415],{},"the second argument to ",[15,50414,44737],{}," is invalid",[20,50417,50418],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[30,50420,50421,50434,50440,50445],{},[33,50422,1752,50423,1460,50426,50429,50430,1460,50432],{},[15,50424,50425],{},"'int'",[15,50427,50428],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,50431,345],{},[15,50433,3405],{},[33,50435,50436,50437,50439],{},"expecting ",[15,50438,44737],{}," to convert a value",[33,50441,1752,50442,50444],{},[15,50443,2266],{}," when inherited types should also match",[33,50446,50447],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,50449,50450,50451,115],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[260,50452,50454,50455],{"href":50453},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,50456,50457],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[46,50459,1773],{"id":1772},[553,50461,5090,50463,5093],{"id":50462},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,50464,44737],{},[20,50466,5096,50467,50469,50470,115],{},[15,50468,547],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,50471,1463],{},[553,50473,1796,50475,50477],{"id":50474},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,50476,44737],{}," check more than one type?",[20,50479,50480,50481,115],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,50482,50483],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[553,50485,5126,50487,544,50489,1435],{"id":50486},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,50488,44737],{},[15,50490,2266],{},[20,50492,50493,50495,50496,50498],{},[15,50494,2266],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,50497,44737],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[553,50500,1777,50502,50504],{"id":50501},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,50503,44737],{}," convert a value?",[20,50506,50507],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[46,50509,1842],{"id":1841},[30,50511,50512,50518,50522,50527,50532],{},[33,50513,50514],{},[260,50515,1875,50516,3471],{"href":2263},[15,50517,2266],{},[33,50519,50520],{},[260,50521,44729],{"href":48909},[33,50523,50524],{},[260,50525,50526],{"href":2922},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[33,50528,50529],{},[260,50530,50531],{"href":48912},"What is a data type in Python?",[33,50533,50534],{},[260,50535,50454,50536],{"href":50453},[15,50537,50457],{},[1885,50539,50540],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":50542},[50543,50544,50546,50549,50553,50554,50559,50565,50573,50574,50584],{"id":48,"depth":104,"text":49},{"id":48848,"depth":104,"text":50545},"What isinstance() does",{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199,"children":50547},[50548],{"id":48940,"depth":131,"text":48941},{"id":11410,"depth":104,"text":11411,"children":50550},[50551,50552],{"id":49028,"depth":131,"text":49029},{"id":49099,"depth":131,"text":49100},{"id":49186,"depth":104,"text":49187},{"id":49383,"depth":104,"text":50555,"children":50556},"isinstance() vs type()",[50557,50558],{"id":49399,"depth":131,"text":49402},{"id":49441,"depth":131,"text":49444},{"id":49502,"depth":104,"text":49503,"children":50560},[50561,50562,50563,50564],{"id":49511,"depth":131,"text":49512},{"id":49693,"depth":131,"text":49694},{"id":49820,"depth":131,"text":49821},{"id":49898,"depth":131,"text":49899},{"id":4467,"depth":104,"text":4468,"children":50566},[50567,50569,50570,50572],{"id":49988,"depth":131,"text":50568},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":50071,"depth":131,"text":50072},{"id":50156,"depth":131,"text":50571},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50240,"depth":131,"text":50241},{"id":25874,"depth":104,"text":25875},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":50575},[50576,50578,50580,50582],{"id":50462,"depth":131,"text":50577},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50474,"depth":131,"text":50579},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50486,"depth":131,"text":50581},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50501,"depth":131,"text":50583},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48749,"description":50585},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50591,"title":50592,"body":50593,"description":52561,"extension":1930,"meta":52562,"navigation":421,"path":52563,"seo":52564,"stem":52565,"__hash__":52566},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50594,"toc":52536},[50595,50598,50603,50608,50622,50625,50627,50701,50706,50710,50715,50718,50732,50734,50899,50911,50913,50915,50930,50933,50936,50949,50951,51049,51053,51059,51062,51071,51073,51108,51113,51134,51139,51144,51175,51178,51235,51239,51245,51248,51301,51303,51342,51345,51413,51416,51467,51474,51478,51484,51569,51575,51581,51630,51633,51636,51686,51688,51693,51697,51747,51751,51798,51802,51879,51883,51948,51951,51955,51960,51965,51977,51979,51998,52004,52007,52026,52031,52058,52065,52069,52075,52078,52173,52176,52179,52228,52233,52235,52239,52274,52277,52334,52344,52347,52381,52384,52386,52390,52393,52397,52400,52404,52407,52411,52424,52428,52433,52435,52485,52497,52499,52533],[10,50596,50592],{"id":50597},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50599,9058,50600,50602],{},[15,50601,1878],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50604,35340,50605,50607],{},[15,50606,1878],{}," to count:",[30,50609,50610,50613,50616,50619],{},[33,50611,50612],{},"characters in a string",[33,50614,50615],{},"items in a list or tuple",[33,50617,50618],{},"keys in a dictionary",[33,50620,50621],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50623,50624],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[46,50626,1972],{"id":1971},[51,50628,50630],{"className":53,"code":50629,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50631,50632,50644,50664,50668,50685],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,50633,50634,50636,50638,50640,50642],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,50635,34621],{"class":66},[60,50637,71],{"class":70},[60,50639,267],{"class":255},[60,50641,3801],{"class":259},[60,50643,3320],{"class":255},[60,50645,50646,50648,50650,50652,50654,50656,50658,50660,50662],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,50647,777],{"class":66},[60,50649,71],{"class":70},[60,50651,75],{"class":74},[60,50653,873],{"class":78},[60,50655,82],{"class":74},[60,50657,878],{"class":78},[60,50659,82],{"class":74},[60,50661,888],{"class":78},[60,50663,101],{"class":74},[60,50665,50666],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,50667,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,50669,50670,50672,50674,50676,50678,50680,50682],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,50671,135],{"class":134},[60,50673,122],{"class":74},[60,50675,11097],{"class":134},[60,50677,122],{"class":74},[60,50679,34642],{"class":118},[60,50681,446],{"class":74},[60,50683,50684],{"class":146},"   # 5\n",[60,50686,50687,50689,50691,50693,50695,50697,50699],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,50688,135],{"class":134},[60,50690,122],{"class":74},[60,50692,11097],{"class":134},[60,50694,122],{"class":74},[60,50696,828],{"class":118},[60,50698,446],{"class":74},[60,50700,147],{"class":146},[20,50702,150,50703,50705],{},[15,50704,1878],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[46,50707,50709],{"id":50708},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,50711,50712,50714],{},[15,50713,1878],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,50716,50717],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[30,50719,50720,50723,50726,50729],{},[33,50721,50722],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[33,50724,50725],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[33,50727,50728],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[33,50730,50731],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,50733,238],{},[51,50735,50737],{"className":53,"code":50736,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,50738,50739,50751,50776,50808,50828,50832,50848,50865,50882],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,50740,50741,50743,50745,50747,50749],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,50742,7816],{"class":66},[60,50744,71],{"class":70},[60,50746,267],{"class":255},[60,50748,1568],{"class":259},[60,50750,3320],{"class":255},[60,50752,50753,50755,50757,50759,50761,50763,50765,50767,50769,50771,50774],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,50754,67],{"class":66},[60,50756,71],{"class":70},[60,50758,75],{"class":74},[60,50760,873],{"class":78},[60,50762,82],{"class":74},[60,50764,878],{"class":78},[60,50766,82],{"class":74},[60,50768,888],{"class":78},[60,50770,82],{"class":74},[60,50772,50773],{"class":78}," 40",[60,50775,101],{"class":74},[60,50777,50778,50780,50782,50784,50786,50788,50790,50792,50794,50796,50798,50800,50802,50804,50806],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,50779,1127],{"class":66},[60,50781,71],{"class":70},[60,50783,10426],{"class":74},[60,50785,256],{"class":255},[60,50787,260],{"class":259},[60,50789,256],{"class":255},[60,50791,166],{"class":74},[60,50793,695],{"class":78},[60,50795,82],{"class":74},[60,50797,267],{"class":255},[60,50799,270],{"class":259},[60,50801,256],{"class":255},[60,50803,166],{"class":74},[60,50805,85],{"class":78},[60,50807,9244],{"class":74},[60,50809,50810,50812,50814,50816,50818,50820,50822,50824,50826],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,50811,674],{"class":66},[60,50813,71],{"class":70},[60,50815,10426],{"class":74},[60,50817,1086],{"class":78},[60,50819,82],{"class":74},[60,50821,37578],{"class":78},[60,50823,82],{"class":74},[60,50825,5938],{"class":78},[60,50827,9244],{"class":74},[60,50829,50830],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,50831,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,50833,50834,50836,50838,50840,50842,50844,50846],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,50835,135],{"class":134},[60,50837,122],{"class":74},[60,50839,11097],{"class":134},[60,50841,122],{"class":74},[60,50843,7611],{"class":118},[60,50845,446],{"class":74},[60,50847,719],{"class":146},[60,50849,50850,50852,50854,50856,50858,50860,50862],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,50851,135],{"class":134},[60,50853,122],{"class":74},[60,50855,11097],{"class":134},[60,50857,122],{"class":74},[60,50859,1506],{"class":118},[60,50861,446],{"class":74},[60,50863,50864],{"class":146},"  # 4\n",[60,50866,50867,50869,50871,50873,50875,50877,50879],{"class":62,"line":6367},[60,50868,135],{"class":134},[60,50870,122],{"class":74},[60,50872,11097],{"class":134},[60,50874,122],{"class":74},[60,50876,9139],{"class":118},[60,50878,446],{"class":74},[60,50880,50881],{"class":146},"     # 2\n",[60,50883,50884,50886,50888,50890,50892,50894,50896],{"class":62,"line":6373},[60,50885,135],{"class":134},[60,50887,122],{"class":74},[60,50889,11097],{"class":134},[60,50891,122],{"class":74},[60,50893,706],{"class":118},[60,50895,446],{"class":74},[60,50897,50898],{"class":146},"   # 3\n",[20,50900,50901,50902,2154,50906,17007,50909,115],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[260,50903,50905],{"href":50904},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[260,50907,50908],{"href":1342},"Python lists explained",[260,50910,9091],{"href":9090},[46,50912,199],{"id":198},[20,50914,202],{},[51,50916,50918],{"className":53,"code":50917,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"len(object)\n",[15,50919,50920],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,50921,50922,50924,50926,50928],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,50923,11097],{"class":134},[60,50925,122],{"class":74},[60,50927,42330],{"class":1656},[60,50929,128],{"class":74},[20,50931,50932],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,50934,50935],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[30,50937,50938,50940,50942,50944,50946],{},[33,50939,37842],{},[33,50941,37836],{},[33,50943,37839],{},[33,50945,37845],{},[33,50947,50948],{},"a dictionary",[20,50950,238],{},[51,50952,50954],{"className":53,"code":50953,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,50955,50956,50977,51001,51023],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,50957,50958,50960,50962,50964,50966,50968,50970,50972,50974],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,50959,135],{"class":134},[60,50961,122],{"class":74},[60,50963,11097],{"class":134},[60,50965,122],{"class":74},[60,50967,256],{"class":255},[60,50969,55],{"class":259},[60,50971,256],{"class":255},[60,50973,446],{"class":74},[60,50975,50976],{"class":146},"      # 6\n",[60,50978,50979,50981,50983,50985,50987,50989,50991,50993,50995,50997,50999],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,50980,135],{"class":134},[60,50982,122],{"class":74},[60,50984,11097],{"class":134},[60,50986,835],{"class":74},[60,50988,79],{"class":78},[60,50990,82],{"class":74},[60,50992,85],{"class":78},[60,50994,82],{"class":74},[60,50996,94],{"class":78},[60,50998,844],{"class":74},[60,51000,719],{"class":146},[60,51002,51003,51005,51007,51009,51011,51013,51015,51017,51020],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,51004,135],{"class":134},[60,51006,122],{"class":74},[60,51008,11097],{"class":134},[60,51010,5456],{"class":74},[60,51012,873],{"class":78},[60,51014,82],{"class":74},[60,51016,878],{"class":78},[60,51018,51019],{"class":74},")))",[60,51021,51022],{"class":146},"      # 2\n",[60,51024,51025,51027,51029,51031,51033,51035,51037,51039,51041,51043,51046],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,51026,135],{"class":134},[60,51028,122],{"class":74},[60,51030,11097],{"class":134},[60,51032,5475],{"class":74},[60,51034,256],{"class":255},[60,51036,2139],{"class":259},[60,51038,256],{"class":255},[60,51040,166],{"class":74},[60,51042,695],{"class":78},[60,51044,51045],{"class":74},"}))",[60,51047,51048],{"class":146},"      # 1\n",[46,51050,51052],{"id":51051},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,51054,51055,51056,51058],{},"When you use ",[15,51057,1878],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,51060,51061],{},"That includes:",[30,51063,51064,51066,51068],{},[33,51065,300],{},[33,51067,10387],{},[33,51069,51070],{},"punctuation",[20,51072,238],{},[51,51074,51076],{"className":53,"code":51075,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,51077,51078,51091],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,51079,51080,51082,51084,51086,51089],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,51081,34621],{"class":66},[60,51083,71],{"class":70},[60,51085,267],{"class":255},[60,51087,51088],{"class":259},"Hi there!",[60,51090,3320],{"class":255},[60,51092,51093,51095,51097,51099,51101,51103,51105],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,51094,135],{"class":134},[60,51096,122],{"class":74},[60,51098,11097],{"class":134},[60,51100,122],{"class":74},[60,51102,34642],{"class":118},[60,51104,446],{"class":74},[60,51106,51107],{"class":146},"  # 9\n",[20,51109,51110,51111,1435],{},"Why is the result ",[15,51112,2111],{},[30,51114,51115,51121,51125,51128],{},[33,51116,51117,51120],{},[15,51118,51119],{},"H"," = 1",[33,51122,51123,51120],{},[15,51124,36088],{},[33,51126,51127],{},"space = 1",[33,51129,51130,51133],{},[15,51131,51132],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,51135,51136,51137],{},"Total: ",[15,51138,2111],{},[20,51140,51141,51142,166],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,51143,195],{},[51,51145,51147],{"className":53,"code":51146,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,51148,51149,51158],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,51150,51151,51154,51156],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,51152,51153],{"class":66},"empty_text ",[60,51155,71],{"class":70},[60,51157,7821],{"class":255},[60,51159,51160,51162,51164,51166,51168,51171,51173],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,51161,135],{"class":134},[60,51163,122],{"class":74},[60,51165,11097],{"class":134},[60,51167,122],{"class":74},[60,51169,51170],{"class":118},"empty_text",[60,51172,446],{"class":74},[60,51174,1429],{"class":146},[20,51176,51177],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[51,51179,51181],{"className":53,"code":51180,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,51182,51183,51196,51200,51220],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,51184,51185,51188,51190,51192,51194],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,51186,51187],{"class":66},"user_name ",[60,51189,71],{"class":70},[60,51191,267],{"class":255},[60,51193,4952],{"class":259},[60,51195,3320],{"class":255},[60,51197,51198],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,51199,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,51201,51202,51204,51206,51208,51211,51213,51216,51218],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,51203,6939],{"class":1537},[60,51205,38319],{"class":134},[60,51207,122],{"class":74},[60,51209,51210],{"class":118},"user_name",[60,51212,143],{"class":74},[60,51214,51215],{"class":70}," >=",[60,51217,94],{"class":78},[60,51219,1712],{"class":74},[60,51221,51222,51224,51226,51228,51231,51233],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,51223,1718],{"class":134},[60,51225,122],{"class":74},[60,51227,256],{"class":255},[60,51229,51230],{"class":259},"Name is long enough",[60,51232,256],{"class":255},[60,51234,128],{"class":74},[46,51236,51238],{"id":51237},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,51240,51241,51242,51244],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,51243,1878],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,51246,51247],{},"Example with a list:",[51,51249,51251],{"className":53,"code":51250,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,51252,51253,51285],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,51254,51255,51257,51259,51261,51263,51265,51267,51269,51271,51273,51275,51277,51279,51281,51283],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,51256,377],{"class":66},[60,51258,71],{"class":70},[60,51260,75],{"class":74},[60,51262,256],{"class":255},[60,51264,386],{"class":259},[60,51266,256],{"class":255},[60,51268,82],{"class":74},[60,51270,267],{"class":255},[60,51272,404],{"class":259},[60,51274,256],{"class":255},[60,51276,82],{"class":74},[60,51278,267],{"class":255},[60,51280,395],{"class":259},[60,51282,256],{"class":255},[60,51284,101],{"class":74},[60,51286,51287,51289,51291,51293,51295,51297,51299],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,51288,135],{"class":134},[60,51290,122],{"class":74},[60,51292,11097],{"class":134},[60,51294,122],{"class":74},[60,51296,431],{"class":118},[60,51298,446],{"class":74},[60,51300,147],{"class":146},[20,51302,37851],{},[51,51304,51306],{"className":53,"code":51305,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,51307,51308,51325],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,51309,51310,51313,51315,51317,51319,51321,51323],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,51311,51312],{"class":66},"point ",[60,51314,71],{"class":70},[60,51316,9171],{"class":74},[60,51318,873],{"class":78},[60,51320,82],{"class":74},[60,51322,878],{"class":78},[60,51324,128],{"class":74},[60,51326,51327,51329,51331,51333,51335,51338,51340],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,51328,135],{"class":134},[60,51330,122],{"class":74},[60,51332,11097],{"class":134},[60,51334,122],{"class":74},[60,51336,51337],{"class":118},"point",[60,51339,446],{"class":74},[60,51341,622],{"class":146},[20,51343,51344],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[51,51346,51348],{"className":53,"code":51347,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,51349,51350,51374,51378,51396],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,51351,51352,51354,51356,51358,51360,51362,51364,51366,51368,51370,51372],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,51353,777],{"class":66},[60,51355,71],{"class":70},[60,51357,75],{"class":74},[60,51359,256],{"class":255},[60,51361,575],{"class":259},[60,51363,256],{"class":255},[60,51365,82],{"class":74},[60,51367,267],{"class":255},[60,51369,1392],{"class":259},[60,51371,256],{"class":255},[60,51373,101],{"class":74},[60,51375,51376],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,51377,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,51379,51380,51382,51384,51386,51388,51390,51392,51394],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,51381,6939],{"class":1537},[60,51383,38319],{"class":134},[60,51385,122],{"class":74},[60,51387,828],{"class":118},[60,51389,143],{"class":74},[60,51391,38329],{"class":70},[60,51393,695],{"class":78},[60,51395,1712],{"class":74},[60,51397,51398,51400,51402,51404,51406,51408,51410],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,51399,1718],{"class":134},[60,51401,122],{"class":74},[60,51403,828],{"class":118},[60,51405,3854],{"class":74},[60,51407,79],{"class":78},[60,51409,20379],{"class":74},[60,51411,51412],{"class":146},"  # banana\n",[20,51414,51415],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[51,51417,51419],{"className":53,"code":51418,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,51420,51421,51444],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,51422,51423,51425,51427,51429,51432,51434,51437,51439,51442],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,51424,5011],{"class":66},[60,51426,71],{"class":70},[60,51428,75],{"class":74},[60,51430,51431],{"class":78},"88",[60,51433,82],{"class":74},[60,51435,51436],{"class":78}," 91",[60,51438,82],{"class":74},[60,51440,51441],{"class":78}," 75",[60,51443,101],{"class":74},[60,51445,51446,51448,51450,51452,51455,51457,51459,51461,51463,51465],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,51447,135],{"class":134},[60,51449,122],{"class":74},[60,51451,256],{"class":255},[60,51453,51454],{"class":259},"Number of scores:",[60,51456,256],{"class":255},[60,51458,82],{"class":74},[60,51460,38319],{"class":134},[60,51462,122],{"class":74},[60,51464,16324],{"class":118},[60,51466,315],{"class":74},[20,51468,51469,51470,115],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[260,51471,51473],{"href":51472},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[46,51475,51477],{"id":51476},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,51479,51480,51481,51483],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,51482,1878],{}," counts keys.",[51,51485,51487],{"className":53,"code":51486,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,51488,51489,51497,51515,51529,51545,51549,51553],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,51490,51491,51493,51495],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,51492,12800],{"class":66},[60,51494,71],{"class":70},[60,51496,11429],{"class":74},[60,51498,51499,51501,51503,51505,51507,51509,51511,51513],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,51500,11434],{"class":255},[60,51502,7611],{"class":259},[60,51504,256],{"class":255},[60,51506,166],{"class":74},[60,51508,267],{"class":255},[60,51510,7861],{"class":259},[60,51512,256],{"class":255},[60,51514,11450],{"class":74},[60,51516,51517,51519,51521,51523,51525,51527],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,51518,11434],{"class":255},[60,51520,9234],{"class":259},[60,51522,256],{"class":255},[60,51524,166],{"class":74},[60,51526,30875],{"class":78},[60,51528,11450],{"class":74},[60,51530,51531,51533,51535,51537,51539,51541,51543],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,51532,11434],{"class":255},[60,51534,19825],{"class":259},[60,51536,256],{"class":255},[60,51538,166],{"class":74},[60,51540,267],{"class":255},[60,51542,22178],{"class":259},[60,51544,3320],{"class":255},[60,51546,51547],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,51548,9244],{"class":74},[60,51550,51551],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,51552,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,51554,51555,51557,51559,51561,51563,51565,51567],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,51556,135],{"class":134},[60,51558,122],{"class":74},[60,51560,11097],{"class":134},[60,51562,122],{"class":74},[60,51564,13561],{"class":118},[60,51566,446],{"class":74},[60,51568,147],{"class":146},[20,51570,51571,51572,51574],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51573,1878],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51576,51577,51578,51580],{},"For sets, ",[15,51579,1878],{}," counts unique items:",[51,51582,51584],{"className":53,"code":51583,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51585,51586,51614],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,51587,51588,51590,51592,51594,51596,51598,51600,51602,51604,51606,51608,51610,51612],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,51589,67],{"class":66},[60,51591,71],{"class":70},[60,51593,10426],{"class":74},[60,51595,79],{"class":78},[60,51597,82],{"class":74},[60,51599,85],{"class":78},[60,51601,82],{"class":74},[60,51603,94],{"class":78},[60,51605,82],{"class":74},[60,51607,94],{"class":78},[60,51609,82],{"class":74},[60,51611,85],{"class":78},[60,51613,9244],{"class":74},[60,51615,51616,51618,51620,51622,51624,51626,51628],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,51617,135],{"class":134},[60,51619,122],{"class":74},[60,51621,11097],{"class":134},[60,51623,122],{"class":74},[60,51625,1506],{"class":118},[60,51627,446],{"class":74},[60,51629,147],{"class":146},[20,51631,51632],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51634,51635],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[51,51637,51639],{"className":53,"code":51638,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51640,51641,51649,51653,51671],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,51642,51643,51645,51647],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,51644,1127],{"class":66},[60,51646,71],{"class":70},[60,51648,9773],{"class":74},[60,51650,51651],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,51652,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,51654,51655,51657,51659,51661,51663,51665,51667,51669],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,51656,6939],{"class":1537},[60,51658,38319],{"class":134},[60,51660,122],{"class":74},[60,51662,9139],{"class":118},[60,51664,143],{"class":74},[60,51666,6349],{"class":70},[60,51668,3789],{"class":78},[60,51670,1712],{"class":74},[60,51672,51673,51675,51677,51679,51682,51684],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,51674,1718],{"class":134},[60,51676,122],{"class":74},[60,51678,256],{"class":255},[60,51680,51681],{"class":259},"The dictionary is empty",[60,51683,256],{"class":255},[60,51685,128],{"class":74},[46,51687,40980],{"id":40979},[20,51689,51690,51691,115],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,51692,1878],{},[553,51694,51696],{"id":51695},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[51,51698,51700],{"className":53,"code":51699,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,51701,51702,51710,51714,51732],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,51703,51704,51706,51708],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,51705,777],{"class":66},[60,51707,71],{"class":70},[60,51709,7778],{"class":74},[60,51711,51712],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,51713,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,51715,51716,51718,51720,51722,51724,51726,51728,51730],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,51717,6939],{"class":1537},[60,51719,38319],{"class":134},[60,51721,122],{"class":74},[60,51723,828],{"class":118},[60,51725,143],{"class":74},[60,51727,6349],{"class":70},[60,51729,3789],{"class":78},[60,51731,1712],{"class":74},[60,51733,51734,51736,51738,51740,51743,51745],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,51735,1718],{"class":134},[60,51737,122],{"class":74},[60,51739,256],{"class":255},[60,51741,51742],{"class":259},"The list is empty",[60,51744,256],{"class":255},[60,51746,128],{"class":74},[553,51748,51750],{"id":51749},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[51,51752,51754],{"className":53,"code":51753,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,51755,51756,51775],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,51757,51758,51760,51762,51764,51766,51768,51771,51773],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,51759,6098],{"class":66},[60,51761,71],{"class":70},[60,51763,8182],{"class":134},[60,51765,122],{"class":74},[60,51767,256],{"class":255},[60,51769,51770],{"class":259},"Enter a word: ",[60,51772,256],{"class":255},[60,51774,128],{"class":74},[60,51776,51777,51779,51781,51783,51786,51788,51790,51792,51794,51796],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,51778,135],{"class":134},[60,51780,122],{"class":74},[60,51782,256],{"class":255},[60,51784,51785],{"class":259},"Number of characters:",[60,51787,256],{"class":255},[60,51789,82],{"class":74},[60,51791,38319],{"class":134},[60,51793,122],{"class":74},[60,51795,38324],{"class":118},[60,51797,315],{"class":74},[553,51799,51801],{"id":51800},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[51,51803,51805],{"className":53,"code":51804,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,51806,51807,51821,51825,51843,51858,51864],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,51808,51809,51812,51814,51816,51819],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,51810,51811],{"class":66},"password ",[60,51813,71],{"class":70},[60,51815,267],{"class":255},[60,51817,51818],{"class":259},"secret123",[60,51820,3320],{"class":255},[60,51822,51823],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,51824,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,51826,51827,51829,51831,51833,51835,51837,51839,51841],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,51828,6939],{"class":1537},[60,51830,38319],{"class":134},[60,51832,122],{"class":74},[60,51834,17555],{"class":118},[60,51836,143],{"class":74},[60,51838,51215],{"class":70},[60,51840,6301],{"class":78},[60,51842,1712],{"class":74},[60,51844,51845,51847,51849,51851,51854,51856],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,51846,1718],{"class":134},[60,51848,122],{"class":74},[60,51850,256],{"class":255},[60,51852,51853],{"class":259},"Password length is valid",[60,51855,256],{"class":255},[60,51857,128],{"class":74},[60,51859,51860,51862],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,51861,27367],{"class":1537},[60,51863,1712],{"class":74},[60,51865,51866,51868,51870,51872,51875,51877],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,51867,1718],{"class":134},[60,51869,122],{"class":74},[60,51871,256],{"class":255},[60,51873,51874],{"class":259},"Password is too short",[60,51876,256],{"class":255},[60,51878,128],{"class":74},[553,51880,51882],{"id":51881},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[51,51884,51886],{"className":53,"code":51885,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,51887,51888,51924],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,51889,51890,51893,51895,51897,51899,51902,51904,51906,51908,51911,51913,51915,51917,51920,51922],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,51891,51892],{"class":66},"results ",[60,51894,71],{"class":70},[60,51896,75],{"class":74},[60,51898,256],{"class":255},[60,51900,51901],{"class":259},"item1",[60,51903,256],{"class":255},[60,51905,82],{"class":74},[60,51907,267],{"class":255},[60,51909,51910],{"class":259},"item2",[60,51912,256],{"class":255},[60,51914,82],{"class":74},[60,51916,267],{"class":255},[60,51918,51919],{"class":259},"item3",[60,51921,256],{"class":255},[60,51923,101],{"class":74},[60,51925,51926,51928,51930,51932,51935,51937,51939,51941,51943,51946],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,51927,135],{"class":134},[60,51929,122],{"class":74},[60,51931,256],{"class":255},[60,51933,51934],{"class":259},"Items found:",[60,51936,256],{"class":255},[60,51938,82],{"class":74},[60,51940,38319],{"class":134},[60,51942,122],{"class":74},[60,51944,51945],{"class":118},"results",[60,51947,315],{"class":74},[20,51949,51950],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[46,51952,51954],{"id":51953},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,51956,51957,51959],{},[15,51958,1878],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,51961,51962,51963,166],{},"These will raise a ",[15,51964,2964],{},[30,51966,51967,51970,51973],{},[33,51968,51969],{},"plain integers",[33,51971,51972],{},"floats",[33,51974,51975],{},[15,51976,3734],{},[20,51978,238],{},[51,51980,51982],{"className":53,"code":51981,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(len(5))\n",[15,51983,51984],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,51985,51986,51988,51990,51992,51994,51996],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,51987,135],{"class":134},[60,51989,122],{"class":74},[60,51991,11097],{"class":134},[60,51993,122],{"class":74},[60,51995,1086],{"class":78},[60,51997,315],{"class":74},[20,51999,52000,52001,52003],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,52002,1086],{}," does not have a length.",[20,52005,52006],{},"Another example:",[51,52008,52010],{"className":53,"code":52009,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,52011,52012],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,52013,52014,52016,52018,52020,52022,52024],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,52015,135],{"class":134},[60,52017,122],{"class":74},[60,52019,11097],{"class":134},[60,52021,122],{"class":74},[60,52023,40077],{"class":78},[60,52025,315],{"class":74},[20,52027,52028,52029,166],{},"And with ",[15,52030,3734],{},[51,52032,52034],{"className":53,"code":52033,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,52035,52036,52044],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,52037,52038,52040,52042],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,52039,1690],{"class":66},[60,52041,71],{"class":70},[60,52043,48458],{"class":685},[60,52045,52046,52048,52050,52052,52054,52056],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,52047,135],{"class":134},[60,52049,122],{"class":74},[60,52051,11097],{"class":134},[60,52053,122],{"class":74},[60,52055,221],{"class":118},[60,52057,315],{"class":74},[20,52059,52060,52061,115],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[260,52062,52064],{"href":52063},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[46,52066,52068],{"id":52067},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,52070,52071,52072,52074],{},"Before using ",[15,52073,1878],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,52076,52077],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[51,52079,52081],{"className":53,"code":52080,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,52082,52083,52091,52095,52105,52119,52137,52155],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,52084,52085,52087,52089],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,52086,1690],{"class":66},[60,52088,71],{"class":70},[60,52090,48458],{"class":685},[60,52092,52093],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,52094,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,52096,52097,52099,52101,52103],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,52098,135],{"class":134},[60,52100,122],{"class":74},[60,52102,221],{"class":118},[60,52104,128],{"class":74},[60,52106,52107,52109,52111,52113,52115,52117],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,52108,135],{"class":134},[60,52110,122],{"class":74},[60,52112,1657],{"class":1656},[60,52114,122],{"class":74},[60,52116,221],{"class":118},[60,52118,315],{"class":74},[60,52120,52121,52123,52125,52127,52129,52131,52133,52135],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,52122,135],{"class":134},[60,52124,122],{"class":74},[60,52126,48806],{"class":134},[60,52128,122],{"class":74},[60,52130,221],{"class":118},[60,52132,82],{"class":74},[60,52134,48835],{"class":1656},[60,52136,315],{"class":74},[60,52138,52139,52141,52143,52145,52147,52149,52151,52153],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,52140,135],{"class":134},[60,52142,122],{"class":74},[60,52144,48806],{"class":134},[60,52146,122],{"class":74},[60,52148,221],{"class":118},[60,52150,82],{"class":74},[60,52152,22492],{"class":1656},[60,52154,315],{"class":74},[60,52156,52157,52159,52161,52163,52165,52167,52169,52171],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,52158,135],{"class":134},[60,52160,122],{"class":74},[60,52162,48806],{"class":134},[60,52164,122],{"class":74},[60,52166,221],{"class":118},[60,52168,82],{"class":74},[60,52170,9105],{"class":1656},[60,52172,315],{"class":74},[20,52174,52175],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,52177,52178],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[51,52180,52182],{"className":53,"code":52181,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,52183,52184,52196,52200,52214],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,52185,52186,52188,52190,52192,52194],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,52187,1690],{"class":66},[60,52189,71],{"class":70},[60,52191,267],{"class":255},[60,52193,3801],{"class":259},[60,52195,3320],{"class":255},[60,52197,52198],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,52199,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,52201,52202,52204,52206,52208,52210,52212],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,52203,6939],{"class":1537},[60,52205,21517],{"class":66},[60,52207,12130],{"class":70},[60,52209,8039],{"class":70},[60,52211,3808],{"class":685},[60,52213,1712],{"class":74},[60,52215,52216,52218,52220,52222,52224,52226],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,52217,1718],{"class":134},[60,52219,122],{"class":74},[60,52221,11097],{"class":134},[60,52223,122],{"class":74},[60,52225,221],{"class":118},[60,52227,315],{"class":74},[20,52229,52230,52231,115],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[260,52232,8381],{"href":2263},[46,52234,1351],{"id":1350},[20,52236,23027,52237,166],{},[15,52238,1878],{},[30,52240,52241,52249,52257,52265,52271],{},[33,52242,8356,52243,52245,52246],{},[15,52244,1878],{}," on an integer like ",[15,52247,52248],{},"len(5)",[33,52250,8356,52251,52253,52254],{},[15,52252,1878],{}," on a float like ",[15,52255,52256],{},"len(3.14)",[33,52258,8356,52259,52261,52262,52264],{},[15,52260,1878],{}," on ",[15,52263,3734],{}," after a function returns nothing",[33,52266,4529,52267,52270],{},[15,52268,52269],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[33,52272,52273],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,52275,52276],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[51,52278,52280],{"className":53,"code":52279,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,52281,52282,52318],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,52283,52284,52286,52288,52290,52292,52294,52296,52298,52300,52302,52304,52306,52308,52310,52312,52314,52316],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,52285,13139],{"class":66},[60,52287,71],{"class":70},[60,52289,10426],{"class":74},[60,52291,256],{"class":255},[60,52293,7611],{"class":259},[60,52295,256],{"class":255},[60,52297,166],{"class":74},[60,52299,267],{"class":255},[60,52301,12817],{"class":259},[60,52303,256],{"class":255},[60,52305,82],{"class":74},[60,52307,267],{"class":255},[60,52309,9234],{"class":259},[60,52311,256],{"class":255},[60,52313,166],{"class":74},[60,52315,878],{"class":78},[60,52317,9244],{"class":74},[60,52319,52320,52322,52324,52326,52328,52330,52332],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,52321,135],{"class":134},[60,52323,122],{"class":74},[60,52325,11097],{"class":134},[60,52327,122],{"class":74},[60,52329,17242],{"class":118},[60,52331,446],{"class":74},[60,52333,622],{"class":146},[20,52335,37529,52336,52338,52339,544,52341,115],{},[15,52337,125],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,52340,15174],{},[15,52342,52343],{},"\"age\"",[20,52345,52346],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[51,52348,52350],{"className":53,"code":52349,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,52351,52352,52365],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,52353,52354,52356,52358,52360,52363],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,52355,34621],{"class":66},[60,52357,71],{"class":70},[60,52359,267],{"class":255},[60,52361,52362],{"class":259},"a b",[60,52364,3320],{"class":255},[60,52366,52367,52369,52371,52373,52375,52377,52379],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,52368,135],{"class":134},[60,52370,122],{"class":74},[60,52372,11097],{"class":134},[60,52374,122],{"class":74},[60,52376,34642],{"class":118},[60,52378,446],{"class":74},[60,52380,147],{"class":146},[20,52382,52383],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[46,52385,1773],{"id":1772},[553,52387,52389],{"id":52388},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,52391,52392],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[553,52394,52396],{"id":52395},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,52398,52399],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[553,52401,52403],{"id":52402},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,52405,52406],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[553,52408,52410],{"id":52409},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,52412,52413,52414,52416,52417,1460,52419,52421,52422,115],{},"No. Using ",[15,52415,1878],{}," on an ",[15,52418,345],{},[15,52420,2157],{}," raises a ",[15,52423,2964],{},[553,52425,52427],{"id":52426},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,52429,7705,52430,115],{},[15,52431,52432],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,52434,238],{},[51,52436,52438],{"className":53,"code":52437,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,52439,52440,52448,52452,52470],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,52441,52442,52444,52446],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,52443,8248],{"class":66},[60,52445,71],{"class":70},[60,52447,7778],{"class":74},[60,52449,52450],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,52451,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,52453,52454,52456,52458,52460,52462,52464,52466,52468],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,52455,6939],{"class":1537},[60,52457,38319],{"class":134},[60,52459,122],{"class":74},[60,52461,212],{"class":118},[60,52463,143],{"class":74},[60,52465,6349],{"class":70},[60,52467,3789],{"class":78},[60,52469,1712],{"class":74},[60,52471,52472,52474,52476,52478,52481,52483],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,52473,1718],{"class":134},[60,52475,122],{"class":74},[60,52477,256],{"class":255},[60,52479,52480],{"class":259},"Empty list",[60,52482,256],{"class":255},[60,52484,128],{"class":74},[20,52486,52487,52488,52490,52491,52493,52494,52496],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,52489,1463],{}," in an ",[15,52492,6939],{}," statement, but ",[15,52495,1878],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[46,52498,1842],{"id":1841},[30,52500,52501,52505,52509,52513,52518,52522,52528],{},[33,52502,52503],{},[260,52504,50905],{"href":50904},[33,52506,52507],{},[260,52508,50908],{"href":1342},[33,52510,52511],{},[260,52512,9091],{"href":9090},[33,52514,52515],{},[260,52516,52517],{"href":51472},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[33,52519,52520],{},[260,52521,8381],{"href":2263},[33,52523,52524],{},[260,52525,52527],{"href":52526},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[33,52529,52530],{},[260,52531,52532],{"href":52063},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[1885,52534,52535],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":52537},[52538,52539,52540,52541,52542,52543,52544,52550,52551,52552,52553,52560],{"id":1971,"depth":104,"text":1972},{"id":50708,"depth":104,"text":50709},{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199},{"id":51051,"depth":104,"text":51052},{"id":51237,"depth":104,"text":51238},{"id":51476,"depth":104,"text":51477},{"id":40979,"depth":104,"text":40980,"children":52545},[52546,52547,52548,52549],{"id":51695,"depth":131,"text":51696},{"id":51749,"depth":131,"text":51750},{"id":51800,"depth":131,"text":51801},{"id":51881,"depth":131,"text":51882},{"id":51953,"depth":104,"text":51954},{"id":52067,"depth":104,"text":52068},{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":52554},[52555,52556,52557,52558,52559],{"id":52388,"depth":131,"text":52389},{"id":52395,"depth":131,"text":52396},{"id":52402,"depth":131,"text":52403},{"id":52409,"depth":131,"text":52410},{"id":52426,"depth":131,"text":52427},{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50592,"description":52561},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52568,"title":52569,"body":52570,"description":54252,"extension":1930,"meta":54253,"navigation":421,"path":54254,"seo":54255,"stem":54256,"__hash__":54257},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52571,"toc":54225},[52572,52575,52589,52595,52597,52651,52656,52660,52676,52679,52693,52698,52700,52703,52722,52738,52740,52816,52818,52855,52866,52868,52871,52932,52934,52967,52970,52976,52980,52983,53108,53110,53168,53176,53229,53231,53258,53264,53274,53278,53281,53286,53338,53340,53366,53372,53426,53428,53453,53456,53480,53486,53488,53492,53494,53551,53553,53561,53563,53584,53586,53639,53641,53665,53669,53671,53710,53712,53720,53726,53730,53782,53784,53810,53818,53822,53827,53836,53838,53904,53906,53938,53942,53947,53949,53963,53966,54039,54041,54067,54069,54073,54080,54084,54091,54095,54098,54100,54153,54155,54181,54185,54194,54196,54222],[10,52573,52569],{"id":52574},"python-list-append-method",[20,52576,1947,52577,52580,52581,52584,52585,52588],{},[15,52578,52579],{},"append()"," method adds ",[3698,52582,52583],{},"one item"," to the ",[3698,52586,52587],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,52590,52591,52592,52594],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[3698,52593,4581],{}," create a new list.",[46,52596,49],{"id":48},[51,52598,52600],{"className":53,"code":52599,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52601,52602,52622,52636,52646],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,52603,52604,52606,52608,52610,52612,52614,52616,52618,52620],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,52605,67],{"class":66},[60,52607,71],{"class":70},[60,52609,75],{"class":74},[60,52611,79],{"class":78},[60,52613,82],{"class":74},[60,52615,85],{"class":78},[60,52617,82],{"class":74},[60,52619,94],{"class":78},[60,52621,101],{"class":74},[60,52623,52624,52626,52628,52630,52632,52634],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,52625,1506],{"class":66},[60,52627,115],{"class":74},[60,52629,13488],{"class":118},[60,52631,122],{"class":74},[60,52633,2465],{"class":78},[60,52635,128],{"class":74},[60,52637,52638,52640,52642,52644],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,52639,135],{"class":134},[60,52641,122],{"class":74},[60,52643,1506],{"class":118},[60,52645,128],{"class":74},[60,52647,52648],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,52649,52650],{"class":146},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,52652,150,52653,52655],{},[15,52654,52579],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[46,52657,52659],{"id":52658},"what-append-does","What append() does",[30,52661,52662,52667,52670,52673],{},[33,52663,52664,52666],{},[15,52665,52579],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[33,52668,52669],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[33,52671,52672],{},"It does not create a new list",[33,52674,52675],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,52677,52678],{},"This means you can append:",[30,52680,52681,52683,52685,52687,52689,52691],{},[33,52682,1506],{},[33,52684,5256],{},[33,52686,40528],{},[33,52688,5247],{},[33,52690,7193],{},[33,52692,34595],{},[20,52694,52695,52696,115],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[260,52697,1343],{"href":1342},[46,52699,5377],{"id":5376},[20,52701,52702],{},"Basic form:",[51,52704,52706],{"className":53,"code":52705,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,52707,52708],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,52709,52710,52712,52714,52716,52718,52720],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,52711,212],{"class":66},[60,52713,115],{"class":74},[60,52715,13488],{"class":118},[60,52717,122],{"class":74},[60,52719,1728],{"class":118},[60,52721,128],{"class":74},[30,52723,52724,52729,52734],{},[33,52725,52726,52728],{},[15,52727,212],{}," is the list you want to change",[33,52730,52731,52733],{},[15,52732,1728],{}," is the value or object to add",[33,52735,1790,52736],{},[15,52737,3734],{},[20,52739,238],{},[51,52741,52743],{"className":53,"code":52742,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,52744,52745,52769,52792,52796,52806],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,52746,52747,52749,52751,52753,52755,52757,52759,52761,52763,52765,52767],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,52748,36173],{"class":66},[60,52750,71],{"class":70},[60,52752,75],{"class":74},[60,52754,256],{"class":255},[60,52756,575],{"class":259},[60,52758,256],{"class":255},[60,52760,82],{"class":74},[60,52762,267],{"class":255},[60,52764,1392],{"class":259},[60,52766,256],{"class":255},[60,52768,101],{"class":74},[60,52770,52771,52773,52775,52778,52780,52782,52784,52786,52788,52790],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,52772,107],{"class":66},[60,52774,71],{"class":70},[60,52776,52777],{"class":66}," fruits",[60,52779,115],{"class":74},[60,52781,13488],{"class":118},[60,52783,122],{"class":74},[60,52785,256],{"class":255},[60,52787,33154],{"class":259},[60,52789,256],{"class":255},[60,52791,128],{"class":74},[60,52793,52794],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,52795,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,52797,52798,52800,52802,52804],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,52799,135],{"class":134},[60,52801,122],{"class":74},[60,52803,36225],{"class":118},[60,52805,128],{"class":74},[60,52807,52808,52810,52812,52814],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,52809,135],{"class":134},[60,52811,122],{"class":74},[60,52813,140],{"class":118},[60,52815,128],{"class":74},[20,52817,318],{},[51,52819,52821],{"className":53,"code":52820,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,52822,52823,52851],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,52824,52825,52827,52829,52831,52833,52835,52837,52839,52841,52843,52845,52847,52849],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,52826,3854],{"class":74},[60,52828,3261],{"class":255},[60,52830,575],{"class":259},[60,52832,3261],{"class":255},[60,52834,82],{"class":74},[60,52836,3256],{"class":255},[60,52838,1392],{"class":259},[60,52840,3261],{"class":255},[60,52842,82],{"class":74},[60,52844,3256],{"class":255},[60,52846,33154],{"class":259},[60,52848,3261],{"class":255},[60,52850,101],{"class":74},[60,52852,52853],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,52854,11745],{"class":685},[20,52856,52857,52858,52860,52861,52863,52864,115],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,52859,52579],{}," updates ",[15,52862,36225],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,52865,3734],{},[46,52867,11411],{"id":11410},[20,52869,52870],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[51,52872,52874],{"className":53,"code":52873,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,52875,52876,52900,52918,52922],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,52877,52878,52880,52882,52884,52886,52888,52890,52892,52894,52896,52898],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,52879,377],{"class":66},[60,52881,71],{"class":70},[60,52883,75],{"class":74},[60,52885,256],{"class":255},[60,52887,386],{"class":259},[60,52889,256],{"class":255},[60,52891,82],{"class":74},[60,52893,267],{"class":255},[60,52895,395],{"class":259},[60,52897,256],{"class":255},[60,52899,101],{"class":74},[60,52901,52902,52904,52906,52908,52910,52912,52914,52916],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,52903,431],{"class":66},[60,52905,115],{"class":74},[60,52907,13488],{"class":118},[60,52909,122],{"class":74},[60,52911,256],{"class":255},[60,52913,404],{"class":259},[60,52915,256],{"class":255},[60,52917,128],{"class":74},[60,52919,52920],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,52921,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,52923,52924,52926,52928,52930],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,52925,135],{"class":134},[60,52927,122],{"class":74},[60,52929,431],{"class":118},[60,52931,128],{"class":74},[20,52933,318],{},[51,52935,52937],{"className":53,"code":52936,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,52938,52939],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,52940,52941,52943,52945,52947,52949,52951,52953,52955,52957,52959,52961,52963,52965],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,52942,3854],{"class":74},[60,52944,3261],{"class":255},[60,52946,386],{"class":259},[60,52948,3261],{"class":255},[60,52950,82],{"class":74},[60,52952,3256],{"class":255},[60,52954,395],{"class":259},[60,52956,3261],{"class":255},[60,52958,82],{"class":74},[60,52960,3256],{"class":255},[60,52962,404],{"class":259},[60,52964,3261],{"class":255},[60,52966,101],{"class":74},[20,52968,52969],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,52971,31015,52972,115],{},[260,52973,52975],{"href":52974},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[46,52977,52979],{"id":52978},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,52981,52982],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[51,52984,52986],{"className":53,"code":52985,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,52987,52988,52996,53000,53014,53032,53046,53072,53094,53098],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,52989,52990,52992,52994],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,52991,777],{"class":66},[60,52993,71],{"class":70},[60,52995,7778],{"class":74},[60,52997,52998],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,52999,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,53001,53002,53004,53006,53008,53010,53012],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,53003,828],{"class":66},[60,53005,115],{"class":74},[60,53007,13488],{"class":118},[60,53009,122],{"class":74},[60,53011,873],{"class":78},[60,53013,128],{"class":74},[60,53015,53016,53018,53020,53022,53024,53026,53028,53030],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,53017,828],{"class":66},[60,53019,115],{"class":74},[60,53021,13488],{"class":118},[60,53023,122],{"class":74},[60,53025,256],{"class":255},[60,53027,3801],{"class":259},[60,53029,256],{"class":255},[60,53031,128],{"class":74},[60,53033,53034,53036,53038,53040,53042,53044],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,53035,828],{"class":66},[60,53037,115],{"class":74},[60,53039,13488],{"class":118},[60,53041,122],{"class":74},[60,53043,547],{"class":685},[60,53045,128],{"class":74},[60,53047,53048,53050,53052,53054,53056,53058,53060,53062,53064,53066,53068,53070],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,53049,828],{"class":66},[60,53051,115],{"class":74},[60,53053,13488],{"class":118},[60,53055,5475],{"class":74},[60,53057,256],{"class":255},[60,53059,7611],{"class":259},[60,53061,256],{"class":255},[60,53063,166],{"class":74},[60,53065,267],{"class":255},[60,53067,1568],{"class":259},[60,53069,256],{"class":255},[60,53071,30428],{"class":74},[60,53073,53074,53076,53078,53080,53082,53084,53086,53088,53090,53092],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,53075,828],{"class":66},[60,53077,115],{"class":74},[60,53079,13488],{"class":118},[60,53081,835],{"class":74},[60,53083,79],{"class":78},[60,53085,82],{"class":74},[60,53087,85],{"class":78},[60,53089,82],{"class":74},[60,53091,94],{"class":78},[60,53093,1193],{"class":74},[60,53095,53096],{"class":62,"line":6367},[60,53097,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,53099,53100,53102,53104,53106],{"class":62,"line":6373},[60,53101,135],{"class":134},[60,53103,122],{"class":74},[60,53105,828],{"class":118},[60,53107,128],{"class":74},[20,53109,318],{},[51,53111,53113],{"className":53,"code":53112,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,53114,53115],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,53116,53117,53119,53121,53123,53125,53127,53129,53131,53133,53135,53137,53139,53141,53143,53145,53147,53149,53151,53154,53156,53158,53160,53162,53164,53166],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,53118,3854],{"class":74},[60,53120,873],{"class":78},[60,53122,82],{"class":74},[60,53124,3256],{"class":255},[60,53126,3801],{"class":259},[60,53128,3261],{"class":255},[60,53130,82],{"class":74},[60,53132,686],{"class":685},[60,53134,82],{"class":74},[60,53136,10426],{"class":74},[60,53138,3261],{"class":255},[60,53140,7611],{"class":259},[60,53142,3261],{"class":255},[60,53144,166],{"class":74},[60,53146,3256],{"class":255},[60,53148,1568],{"class":259},[60,53150,3261],{"class":255},[60,53152,53153],{"class":74},"},",[60,53155,75],{"class":74},[60,53157,79],{"class":78},[60,53159,82],{"class":74},[60,53161,85],{"class":78},[60,53163,82],{"class":74},[60,53165,94],{"class":78},[60,53167,819],{"class":74},[20,53169,53170,53171,42087,53173,115],{},"A list added with ",[15,53172,52579],{},[3698,53174,53175],{},"one single item",[51,53177,53179],{"className":53,"code":53178,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53180,53181,53197,53215,53219],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,53182,53183,53185,53187,53189,53191,53193,53195],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,53184,67],{"class":66},[60,53186,71],{"class":70},[60,53188,75],{"class":74},[60,53190,79],{"class":78},[60,53192,82],{"class":74},[60,53194,85],{"class":78},[60,53196,101],{"class":74},[60,53198,53199,53201,53203,53205,53207,53209,53211,53213],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,53200,1506],{"class":66},[60,53202,115],{"class":74},[60,53204,13488],{"class":118},[60,53206,835],{"class":74},[60,53208,189],{"class":78},[60,53210,82],{"class":74},[60,53212,800],{"class":78},[60,53214,1193],{"class":74},[60,53216,53217],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,53218,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,53220,53221,53223,53225,53227],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,53222,135],{"class":134},[60,53224,122],{"class":74},[60,53226,1506],{"class":118},[60,53228,128],{"class":74},[20,53230,318],{},[51,53232,53234],{"className":53,"code":53233,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,53235,53236],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,53237,53238,53240,53242,53244,53246,53248,53250,53252,53254,53256],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,53239,3854],{"class":74},[60,53241,79],{"class":78},[60,53243,82],{"class":74},[60,53245,85],{"class":78},[60,53247,82],{"class":74},[60,53249,75],{"class":74},[60,53251,189],{"class":78},[60,53253,82],{"class":74},[60,53255,800],{"class":78},[60,53257,819],{"class":74},[20,53259,2250,53260,53263],{},[15,53261,53262],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,53265,53266,53267,53273],{},"This is different from ",[260,53268,53270],{"href":53269},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,53271,53272],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[46,53275,53277],{"id":53276},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,53279,53280],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[553,53282,8356,53284],{"id":53283},"using-append",[15,53285,52579],{},[51,53287,53288],{"className":53,"code":53178,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,53289,53290,53306,53324,53328],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,53291,53292,53294,53296,53298,53300,53302,53304],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,53293,67],{"class":66},[60,53295,71],{"class":70},[60,53297,75],{"class":74},[60,53299,79],{"class":78},[60,53301,82],{"class":74},[60,53303,85],{"class":78},[60,53305,101],{"class":74},[60,53307,53308,53310,53312,53314,53316,53318,53320,53322],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,53309,1506],{"class":66},[60,53311,115],{"class":74},[60,53313,13488],{"class":118},[60,53315,835],{"class":74},[60,53317,189],{"class":78},[60,53319,82],{"class":74},[60,53321,800],{"class":78},[60,53323,1193],{"class":74},[60,53325,53326],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,53327,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,53329,53330,53332,53334,53336],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,53331,135],{"class":134},[60,53333,122],{"class":74},[60,53335,1506],{"class":118},[60,53337,128],{"class":74},[20,53339,318],{},[51,53341,53342],{"className":53,"code":53233,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,53343,53344],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,53345,53346,53348,53350,53352,53354,53356,53358,53360,53362,53364],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,53347,3854],{"class":74},[60,53349,79],{"class":78},[60,53351,82],{"class":74},[60,53353,85],{"class":78},[60,53355,82],{"class":74},[60,53357,75],{"class":74},[60,53359,189],{"class":78},[60,53361,82],{"class":74},[60,53363,800],{"class":78},[60,53365,819],{"class":74},[553,53367,8356,53369],{"id":53368},"using-extend",[15,53370,53371],{},"extend()",[51,53373,53375],{"className":53,"code":53374,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53376,53377,53393,53412,53416],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,53378,53379,53381,53383,53385,53387,53389,53391],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,53380,67],{"class":66},[60,53382,71],{"class":70},[60,53384,75],{"class":74},[60,53386,79],{"class":78},[60,53388,82],{"class":74},[60,53390,85],{"class":78},[60,53392,101],{"class":74},[60,53394,53395,53397,53399,53402,53404,53406,53408,53410],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,53396,1506],{"class":66},[60,53398,115],{"class":74},[60,53400,53401],{"class":118},"extend",[60,53403,835],{"class":74},[60,53405,189],{"class":78},[60,53407,82],{"class":74},[60,53409,800],{"class":78},[60,53411,1193],{"class":74},[60,53413,53414],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,53415,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,53417,53418,53420,53422,53424],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,53419,135],{"class":134},[60,53421,122],{"class":74},[60,53423,1506],{"class":118},[60,53425,128],{"class":74},[20,53427,318],{},[51,53429,53431],{"className":53,"code":53430,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53432,53433],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,53434,53435,53437,53439,53441,53443,53445,53447,53449,53451],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,53436,3854],{"class":74},[60,53438,79],{"class":78},[60,53440,82],{"class":74},[60,53442,85],{"class":78},[60,53444,82],{"class":74},[60,53446,94],{"class":78},[60,53448,82],{"class":74},[60,53450,800],{"class":78},[60,53452,101],{"class":74},[20,53454,53455],{},"The difference:",[30,53457,53458,53464,53470,53475],{},[33,53459,53460,53463],{},[15,53461,53462],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[33,53465,53466,53469],{},[15,53467,53468],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[33,53471,150,53472,53474],{},[15,53473,52579],{}," for one item",[33,53476,150,53477,53479],{},[15,53478,53371],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,53481,53482,53483,115],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[260,53484,53485],{"href":53269},"Python list extend() method",[46,53487,4468],{"id":4467},[553,53489,53491],{"id":53490},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,53493,25623],{},[51,53495,53497],{"className":53,"code":53496,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53498,53499,53519,53537,53541],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,53500,53501,53503,53505,53507,53509,53511,53513,53515,53517],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,53502,777],{"class":66},[60,53504,71],{"class":70},[60,53506,75],{"class":74},[60,53508,79],{"class":78},[60,53510,82],{"class":74},[60,53512,85],{"class":78},[60,53514,82],{"class":74},[60,53516,94],{"class":78},[60,53518,101],{"class":74},[60,53520,53521,53523,53525,53527,53529,53531,53533,53535],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,53522,777],{"class":66},[60,53524,71],{"class":70},[60,53526,5910],{"class":66},[60,53528,115],{"class":74},[60,53530,13488],{"class":118},[60,53532,122],{"class":74},[60,53534,2465],{"class":78},[60,53536,128],{"class":74},[60,53538,53539],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,53540,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,53542,53543,53545,53547,53549],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,53544,135],{"class":134},[60,53546,122],{"class":74},[60,53548,828],{"class":118},[60,53550,128],{"class":74},[20,53552,318],{},[51,53554,53555],{"className":53,"code":11745,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,53556,53557],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,53558,53559],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,53560,11745],{"class":685},[20,53562,11837],{},[30,53564,53565,53570,53576],{},[33,53566,53567,53569],{},[15,53568,52579],{}," changes the list in place",[33,53571,53572,2361,53574],{},[15,53573,52579],{},[15,53575,3734],{},[33,53577,760,53578,53581,53582],{},[15,53579,53580],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53583,3734],{},[20,53585,10743],{},[51,53587,53589],{"className":53,"code":53588,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53590,53591,53611,53625,53629],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,53592,53593,53595,53597,53599,53601,53603,53605,53607,53609],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,53594,777],{"class":66},[60,53596,71],{"class":70},[60,53598,75],{"class":74},[60,53600,79],{"class":78},[60,53602,82],{"class":74},[60,53604,85],{"class":78},[60,53606,82],{"class":74},[60,53608,94],{"class":78},[60,53610,101],{"class":74},[60,53612,53613,53615,53617,53619,53621,53623],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,53614,828],{"class":66},[60,53616,115],{"class":74},[60,53618,13488],{"class":118},[60,53620,122],{"class":74},[60,53622,2465],{"class":78},[60,53624,128],{"class":74},[60,53626,53627],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,53628,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,53630,53631,53633,53635,53637],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,53632,135],{"class":134},[60,53634,122],{"class":74},[60,53636,828],{"class":118},[60,53638,128],{"class":74},[20,53640,318],{},[51,53642,53643],{"className":53,"code":53430,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,53644,53645],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,53646,53647,53649,53651,53653,53655,53657,53659,53661,53663],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,53648,3854],{"class":74},[60,53650,79],{"class":78},[60,53652,82],{"class":74},[60,53654,85],{"class":78},[60,53656,82],{"class":74},[60,53658,94],{"class":78},[60,53660,82],{"class":74},[60,53662,800],{"class":78},[60,53664,101],{"class":74},[553,53666,53668],{"id":53667},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,53670,18847],{},[51,53672,53674],{"className":53,"code":53673,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,53675,53676,53700],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,53677,53678,53680,53682,53684,53686,53688,53690,53692,53694,53696,53698],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,53679,31815],{"class":66},[60,53681,71],{"class":70},[60,53683,75],{"class":74},[60,53685,79],{"class":78},[60,53687,82],{"class":74},[60,53689,85],{"class":78},[60,53691,13485],{"class":74},[60,53693,13488],{"class":118},[60,53695,122],{"class":74},[60,53697,189],{"class":78},[60,53699,128],{"class":74},[60,53701,53702,53704,53706,53708],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,53703,135],{"class":134},[60,53705,122],{"class":74},[60,53707,31834],{"class":118},[60,53709,128],{"class":74},[20,53711,318],{},[51,53713,53714],{"className":53,"code":11745,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,53715,53716],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,53717,53718],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,53719,11745],{"class":685},[20,53721,53722,53723,53725],{},"Remember: ",[15,53724,52579],{}," updates the list you already have.",[553,53727,53729],{"id":53728},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[51,53731,53732],{"className":53,"code":53178,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,53733,53734,53750,53768,53772],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,53735,53736,53738,53740,53742,53744,53746,53748],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,53737,67],{"class":66},[60,53739,71],{"class":70},[60,53741,75],{"class":74},[60,53743,79],{"class":78},[60,53745,82],{"class":74},[60,53747,85],{"class":78},[60,53749,101],{"class":74},[60,53751,53752,53754,53756,53758,53760,53762,53764,53766],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,53753,1506],{"class":66},[60,53755,115],{"class":74},[60,53757,13488],{"class":118},[60,53759,835],{"class":74},[60,53761,189],{"class":78},[60,53763,82],{"class":74},[60,53765,800],{"class":78},[60,53767,1193],{"class":74},[60,53769,53770],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,53771,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,53773,53774,53776,53778,53780],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,53775,135],{"class":134},[60,53777,122],{"class":74},[60,53779,1506],{"class":118},[60,53781,128],{"class":74},[20,53783,318],{},[51,53785,53786],{"className":53,"code":53233,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,53787,53788],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,53789,53790,53792,53794,53796,53798,53800,53802,53804,53806,53808],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,53791,3854],{"class":74},[60,53793,79],{"class":78},[60,53795,82],{"class":74},[60,53797,85],{"class":78},[60,53799,82],{"class":74},[60,53801,75],{"class":74},[60,53803,189],{"class":78},[60,53805,82],{"class":74},[60,53807,800],{"class":78},[60,53809,819],{"class":74},[20,53811,3129,53812,53815,53816,6573],{},[15,53813,53814],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,53817,53371],{},[553,53819,53821],{"id":53820},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,53823,53824,53826],{},[15,53825,52579],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,53828,53829,53830,115],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[260,53831,53833],{"href":53832},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,53834,53835],{},"list.insert()",[20,53837,238],{},[51,53839,53841],{"className":53,"code":53840,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,53842,53843,53867,53890,53894],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,53844,53845,53847,53849,53851,53853,53855,53857,53859,53861,53863,53865],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,53846,248],{"class":66},[60,53848,71],{"class":70},[60,53850,75],{"class":74},[60,53852,256],{"class":255},[60,53854,260],{"class":259},[60,53856,256],{"class":255},[60,53858,82],{"class":74},[60,53860,267],{"class":255},[60,53862,287],{"class":259},[60,53864,256],{"class":255},[60,53866,101],{"class":74},[60,53868,53869,53871,53873,53876,53878,53880,53882,53884,53886,53888],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,53870,300],{"class":66},[60,53872,115],{"class":74},[60,53874,53875],{"class":118},"insert",[60,53877,122],{"class":74},[60,53879,79],{"class":78},[60,53881,82],{"class":74},[60,53883,267],{"class":255},[60,53885,270],{"class":259},[60,53887,256],{"class":255},[60,53889,128],{"class":74},[60,53891,53892],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,53893,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,53895,53896,53898,53900,53902],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,53897,135],{"class":134},[60,53899,122],{"class":74},[60,53901,300],{"class":118},[60,53903,128],{"class":74},[20,53905,318],{},[51,53907,53908],{"className":53,"code":42807,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,53909,53910],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,53911,53912,53914,53916,53918,53920,53922,53924,53926,53928,53930,53932,53934,53936],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,53913,3854],{"class":74},[60,53915,3261],{"class":255},[60,53917,260],{"class":259},[60,53919,3261],{"class":255},[60,53921,82],{"class":74},[60,53923,3256],{"class":255},[60,53925,270],{"class":259},[60,53927,3261],{"class":255},[60,53929,82],{"class":74},[60,53931,3256],{"class":255},[60,53933,287],{"class":259},[60,53935,3261],{"class":255},[60,53937,101],{"class":74},[46,53939,53941],{"id":53940},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,53943,53944,53946],{},[15,53945,52579],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,53948,36360],{},[30,53950,53951,53954,53957,53960],{},[33,53952,53953],{},"building a list in a loop",[33,53955,53956],{},"collecting user input",[33,53958,53959],{},"storing results step by step",[33,53961,53962],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,53964,53965],{},"Example with a loop:",[51,53967,53969],{"className":53,"code":53968,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,53970,53971,53980,53984,54005,54024,54028],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,53972,53973,53976,53978],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,53974,53975],{"class":66},"squares ",[60,53977,71],{"class":70},[60,53979,7778],{"class":74},[60,53981,53982],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,53983,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,53985,53986,53988,53990,53992,53995,53997,53999,54001,54003],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,53987,1702],{"class":1537},[60,53989,6328],{"class":66},[60,53991,511],{"class":1537},[60,53993,53994],{"class":134}," range",[60,53996,122],{"class":74},[60,53998,79],{"class":78},[60,54000,82],{"class":74},[60,54002,4555],{"class":78},[60,54004,8281],{"class":74},[60,54006,54007,54010,54012,54014,54016,54018,54020,54022],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,54008,54009],{"class":66},"    squares",[60,54011,115],{"class":74},[60,54013,13488],{"class":118},[60,54015,122],{"class":74},[60,54017,2182],{"class":118},[60,54019,39806],{"class":70},[60,54021,2162],{"class":118},[60,54023,128],{"class":74},[60,54025,54026],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,54027,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,54029,54030,54032,54034,54037],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,54031,135],{"class":134},[60,54033,122],{"class":74},[60,54035,54036],{"class":118},"squares",[60,54038,128],{"class":74},[20,54040,318],{},[51,54042,54044],{"className":53,"code":54043,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,54045,54046],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,54047,54048,54050,54052,54054,54056,54058,54061,54063,54065],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,54049,3854],{"class":74},[60,54051,79],{"class":78},[60,54053,82],{"class":74},[60,54055,800],{"class":78},[60,54057,82],{"class":74},[60,54059,54060],{"class":78}," 9",[60,54062,82],{"class":74},[60,54064,13923],{"class":78},[60,54066,101],{"class":74},[46,54068,1773],{"id":1772},[553,54070,54072],{"id":54071},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,54074,46297,54075,54077,54078,115],{},[15,54076,52579],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,54079,3734],{},[553,54081,54083],{"id":54082},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,54085,54086,54087,115],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[260,54088,54089],{"href":53269},[15,54090,53371],{},[553,54092,54094],{"id":54093},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,54096,54097],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,54099,238],{},[51,54101,54103],{"className":53,"code":54102,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,54104,54105,54121,54139,54143],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,54106,54107,54109,54111,54113,54115,54117,54119],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,54108,1127],{"class":66},[60,54110,71],{"class":70},[60,54112,75],{"class":74},[60,54114,79],{"class":78},[60,54116,82],{"class":74},[60,54118,85],{"class":78},[60,54120,101],{"class":74},[60,54122,54123,54125,54127,54129,54131,54133,54135,54137],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,54124,9139],{"class":66},[60,54126,115],{"class":74},[60,54128,13488],{"class":118},[60,54130,835],{"class":74},[60,54132,189],{"class":78},[60,54134,82],{"class":74},[60,54136,800],{"class":78},[60,54138,1193],{"class":74},[60,54140,54141],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,54142,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,54144,54145,54147,54149,54151],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,54146,135],{"class":134},[60,54148,122],{"class":74},[60,54150,9139],{"class":118},[60,54152,128],{"class":74},[20,54154,318],{},[51,54156,54157],{"className":53,"code":53233,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,54158,54159],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,54160,54161,54163,54165,54167,54169,54171,54173,54175,54177,54179],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,54162,3854],{"class":74},[60,54164,79],{"class":78},[60,54166,82],{"class":74},[60,54168,85],{"class":78},[60,54170,82],{"class":74},[60,54172,75],{"class":74},[60,54174,189],{"class":78},[60,54176,82],{"class":74},[60,54178,800],{"class":78},[60,54180,819],{"class":74},[553,54182,54184],{"id":54183},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,54186,54187,54189,54190,54193],{},[15,54188,52579],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,54191,54192],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[46,54195,1842],{"id":1841},[30,54197,54198,54203,54207,54212,54216],{},[33,54199,54200],{},[260,54201,54202],{"href":52974},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[33,54204,54205],{},[260,54206,53485],{"href":53269},[33,54208,54209],{},[260,54210,54211],{"href":53832},"Python list insert() method",[33,54213,54214],{},[260,54215,1343],{"href":1342},[33,54217,54218],{},[260,54219,54221],{"href":54220},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[1885,54223,54224],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":54226},[54227,54228,54229,54230,54231,54232,54238,54244,54245,54251],{"id":48,"depth":104,"text":49},{"id":52658,"depth":104,"text":52659},{"id":5376,"depth":104,"text":5377},{"id":11410,"depth":104,"text":11411},{"id":52978,"depth":104,"text":52979},{"id":53276,"depth":104,"text":53277,"children":54233},[54234,54236],{"id":53283,"depth":131,"text":54235},"Using append()",{"id":53368,"depth":131,"text":54237},"Using extend()",{"id":4467,"depth":104,"text":4468,"children":54239},[54240,54241,54242,54243],{"id":53490,"depth":131,"text":53491},{"id":53667,"depth":131,"text":53668},{"id":53728,"depth":131,"text":53729},{"id":53820,"depth":131,"text":53821},{"id":53940,"depth":104,"text":53941},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":54246},[54247,54248,54249,54250],{"id":54071,"depth":131,"text":54072},{"id":54082,"depth":131,"text":54083},{"id":54093,"depth":131,"text":54094},{"id":54183,"depth":131,"text":54184},{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52569,"description":54252},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54259,"title":54260,"body":54261,"description":55503,"extension":1930,"meta":55504,"navigation":421,"path":55505,"seo":55506,"stem":55507,"__hash__":55508},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54262,"toc":55468},[54263,54268,54274,54280,54282,54330,54335,54340,54344,54360,54366,54368,54371,54386,54388,54399,54401,54403,54460,54462,54470,54472,54488,54494,54496,54502,54506,54590,54593,54642,54649,54657,54660,54674,54687,54693,54768,54775,54782,54856,54864,54867,54878,54887,54891,54895,54906,54908,54985,55006,55008,55018,55021,55069,55071,55092,55095,55097,55148,55154,55161,55228,55234,55240,55243,55270,55275,55281,55284,55356,55359,55370,55376,55378,55384,55387,55393,55399,55406,55414,55420,55426,55428,55465],[10,54264,13,54266,18],{"id":54265},"python-list-clear-method",[15,54267,11257],{},[20,54269,54270,54273],{},[15,54271,54272],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,54275,54276,54277,54279],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[3698,54278,11269],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[46,54281,49],{"id":48},[51,54283,54285],{"className":53,"code":54284,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54286,54287,54307,54317],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,54288,54289,54291,54293,54295,54297,54299,54301,54303,54305],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,54290,777],{"class":66},[60,54292,71],{"class":70},[60,54294,75],{"class":74},[60,54296,79],{"class":78},[60,54298,82],{"class":74},[60,54300,85],{"class":78},[60,54302,82],{"class":74},[60,54304,94],{"class":78},[60,54306,101],{"class":74},[60,54308,54309,54311,54313,54315],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,54310,828],{"class":66},[60,54312,115],{"class":74},[60,54314,11318],{"class":118},[60,54316,8579],{"class":74},[60,54318,54319,54321,54323,54325,54327],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,54320,135],{"class":134},[60,54322,122],{"class":74},[60,54324,828],{"class":118},[60,54326,143],{"class":74},[60,54328,54329],{"class":146},"  # []\n",[20,54331,150,54332,54334],{},[15,54333,11257],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[46,54336,158,54338,161],{"id":54337},"what-listclear-does",[15,54339,54272],{},[20,54341,54342,166],{},[15,54343,54272],{},[30,54345,54346,54349,54352,54357],{},[33,54347,54348],{},"Removes every item from a list",[33,54350,54351],{},"Changes the original list in place",[33,54353,54354,54355],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,54356,3743],{},[33,54358,54359],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,54361,54362,54363,54365],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,54364,11257],{},", but it contains no values.",[46,54367,199],{"id":198},[20,54369,54370],{},"Syntax:",[51,54372,54374],{"className":53,"code":54373,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,54375,54376],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,54377,54378,54380,54382,54384],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,54379,212],{"class":66},[60,54381,115],{"class":74},[60,54383,11318],{"class":118},[60,54385,8579],{"class":74},[20,54387,11394],{},[30,54389,54390,54393,54396],{},[33,54391,54392],{},"Call it on a list object",[33,54394,54395],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[33,54397,54398],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[46,54400,11411],{"id":11410},[20,54402,11414],{},[51,54404,54406],{"className":53,"code":54405,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54407,54408,54432,54436,54446,54450],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,54409,54410,54412,54414,54416,54418,54420,54422,54424,54426,54428,54430],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,54411,67],{"class":66},[60,54413,71],{"class":70},[60,54415,75],{"class":74},[60,54417,873],{"class":78},[60,54419,82],{"class":74},[60,54421,878],{"class":78},[60,54423,82],{"class":74},[60,54425,888],{"class":78},[60,54427,82],{"class":74},[60,54429,50773],{"class":78},[60,54431,101],{"class":74},[60,54433,54434],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,54435,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,54437,54438,54440,54442,54444],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,54439,1506],{"class":66},[60,54441,115],{"class":74},[60,54443,11318],{"class":118},[60,54445,8579],{"class":74},[60,54447,54448],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,54449,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,54451,54452,54454,54456,54458],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,54453,135],{"class":134},[60,54455,122],{"class":74},[60,54457,1506],{"class":118},[60,54459,128],{"class":74},[20,54461,318],{},[51,54463,54464],{"className":53,"code":38230,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,54465,54466],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,54467,54468],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,54469,38230],{"class":74},[20,54471,11620],{},[30,54473,54474,54479,54485],{},[33,54475,54476,54478],{},[15,54477,1506],{}," starts with four items",[33,54480,54481,54484],{},[15,54482,54483],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[33,54486,54487],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,54489,54490,54491,115],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[260,54492,1343],{"href":54493},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[46,54495,17354],{"id":17353},[20,54497,54498,2361,54500,115],{},[15,54499,11257],{},[15,54501,3734],{},[20,54503,40840,54504,52594],{},[3698,54505,4581],{},[51,54507,54509],{"className":53,"code":54508,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,54510,54511,54543,54547,54561,54565,54578],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,54512,54513,54515,54517,54519,54521,54523,54525,54527,54529,54531,54533,54535,54537,54539,54541],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,54514,777],{"class":66},[60,54516,71],{"class":70},[60,54518,75],{"class":74},[60,54520,256],{"class":255},[60,54522,260],{"class":259},[60,54524,256],{"class":255},[60,54526,82],{"class":74},[60,54528,267],{"class":255},[60,54530,270],{"class":259},[60,54532,256],{"class":255},[60,54534,82],{"class":74},[60,54536,267],{"class":255},[60,54538,287],{"class":259},[60,54540,256],{"class":255},[60,54542,101],{"class":74},[60,54544,54545],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,54546,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,54548,54549,54551,54553,54555,54557,54559],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,54550,107],{"class":66},[60,54552,71],{"class":70},[60,54554,5910],{"class":66},[60,54556,115],{"class":74},[60,54558,11318],{"class":118},[60,54560,8579],{"class":74},[60,54562,54563],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,54564,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,54566,54567,54569,54571,54573,54575],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,54568,135],{"class":134},[60,54570,122],{"class":74},[60,54572,828],{"class":118},[60,54574,143],{"class":74},[60,54576,54577],{"class":146},"   # []\n",[60,54579,54580,54582,54584,54586,54588],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,54581,135],{"class":134},[60,54583,122],{"class":74},[60,54585,140],{"class":118},[60,54587,143],{"class":74},[60,54589,20809],{"class":146},[20,54591,54592],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[51,54594,54596],{"className":53,"code":54595,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54597,54598,54618,54632],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,54599,54600,54602,54604,54606,54608,54610,54612,54614,54616],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,54601,777],{"class":66},[60,54603,71],{"class":70},[60,54605,75],{"class":74},[60,54607,79],{"class":78},[60,54609,82],{"class":74},[60,54611,85],{"class":78},[60,54613,82],{"class":74},[60,54615,94],{"class":78},[60,54617,101],{"class":74},[60,54619,54620,54622,54624,54626,54628,54630],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,54621,777],{"class":66},[60,54623,71],{"class":70},[60,54625,5910],{"class":66},[60,54627,115],{"class":74},[60,54629,11318],{"class":118},[60,54631,8579],{"class":74},[60,54633,54634,54636,54638,54640],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,54635,135],{"class":134},[60,54637,122],{"class":74},[60,54639,828],{"class":118},[60,54641,128],{"class":74},[20,54643,11852,54644,42087,54646,54648],{},[15,54645,828],{},[15,54647,3734],{},", not an empty list.",[46,54650,54652,54654,54655],{"id":54651},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,54653,11257],{}," vs assigning ",[15,54656,3743],{},[20,54658,54659],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[51,54661,54662],{"className":53,"code":54373,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,54663,54664],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,54665,54666,54668,54670,54672],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,54667,212],{"class":66},[60,54669,115],{"class":74},[60,54671,11318],{"class":118},[60,54673,8579],{"class":74},[51,54675,54677],{"className":53,"code":54676,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list = []\n",[15,54678,54679],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,54680,54681,54683,54685],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,54682,8248],{"class":66},[60,54684,71],{"class":70},[60,54686,7778],{"class":74},[553,54688,54690,54692],{"id":54689},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,54691,11257],{}," empties the same list object",[51,54694,54696],{"className":53,"code":54695,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,54697,54698,54718,54726,54730,54740,54744,54756],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,54699,54700,54702,54704,54706,54708,54710,54712,54714,54716],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,54701,2515],{"class":66},[60,54703,71],{"class":70},[60,54705,75],{"class":74},[60,54707,79],{"class":78},[60,54709,82],{"class":74},[60,54711,85],{"class":78},[60,54713,82],{"class":74},[60,54715,94],{"class":78},[60,54717,101],{"class":74},[60,54719,54720,54722,54724],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,54721,2543],{"class":66},[60,54723,71],{"class":70},[60,54725,36109],{"class":66},[60,54727,54728],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,54729,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,54731,54732,54734,54736,54738],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,54733,260],{"class":66},[60,54735,115],{"class":74},[60,54737,11318],{"class":118},[60,54739,8579],{"class":74},[60,54741,54742],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,54743,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,54745,54746,54748,54750,54752,54754],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,54747,135],{"class":134},[60,54749,122],{"class":74},[60,54751,260],{"class":118},[60,54753,143],{"class":74},[60,54755,54329],{"class":146},[60,54757,54758,54760,54762,54764,54766],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,54759,135],{"class":134},[60,54761,122],{"class":74},[60,54763,270],{"class":118},[60,54765,143],{"class":74},[60,54767,54329],{"class":146},[20,54769,10526,54770,544,54772,54774],{},[15,54771,260],{},[15,54773,270],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[553,54776,54778,54781],{"id":54777},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,54779,54780],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[51,54783,54785],{"className":53,"code":54784,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54786,54787,54807,54815,54819,54827,54831,54843],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,54788,54789,54791,54793,54795,54797,54799,54801,54803,54805],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,54790,2515],{"class":66},[60,54792,71],{"class":70},[60,54794,75],{"class":74},[60,54796,79],{"class":78},[60,54798,82],{"class":74},[60,54800,85],{"class":78},[60,54802,82],{"class":74},[60,54804,94],{"class":78},[60,54806,101],{"class":74},[60,54808,54809,54811,54813],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,54810,2543],{"class":66},[60,54812,71],{"class":70},[60,54814,36109],{"class":66},[60,54816,54817],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,54818,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,54820,54821,54823,54825],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,54822,2515],{"class":66},[60,54824,71],{"class":70},[60,54826,7778],{"class":74},[60,54828,54829],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,54830,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,54832,54833,54835,54837,54839,54841],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,54834,135],{"class":134},[60,54836,122],{"class":74},[60,54838,260],{"class":118},[60,54840,143],{"class":74},[60,54842,54329],{"class":146},[60,54844,54845,54847,54849,54851,54853],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,54846,135],{"class":134},[60,54848,122],{"class":74},[60,54850,270],{"class":118},[60,54852,143],{"class":74},[60,54854,54855],{"class":146},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,54857,20704,54858,54860,54861,54863],{},[15,54859,260],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,54862,270],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,54865,54866],{},"This difference matters when:",[30,54868,54869,54872,54875],{},[33,54870,54871],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[33,54873,54874],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[33,54876,54877],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,54879,54880,54881,115],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[260,54882,54884,54885,1869],{"href":54883},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,54886,12713],{},[46,54888,1221,54889],{"id":12374},[15,54890,11257],{},[20,54892,150,54893,6259],{},[15,54894,11257],{},[30,54896,54897,54900,54903],{},[33,54898,54899],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[33,54901,54902],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[33,54904,54905],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,54907,238],{},[51,54909,54911],{"className":53,"code":54910,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,54912,54913,54949,54953,54958,54969,54973],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,54914,54915,54918,54920,54922,54924,54927,54929,54931,54933,54936,54938,54940,54942,54945,54947],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,54916,54917],{"class":66},"shopping_cart ",[60,54919,71],{"class":70},[60,54921,75],{"class":74},[60,54923,256],{"class":255},[60,54925,54926],{"class":259},"milk",[60,54928,256],{"class":255},[60,54930,82],{"class":74},[60,54932,267],{"class":255},[60,54934,54935],{"class":259},"bread",[60,54937,256],{"class":255},[60,54939,82],{"class":74},[60,54941,267],{"class":255},[60,54943,54944],{"class":259},"eggs",[60,54946,256],{"class":255},[60,54948,101],{"class":74},[60,54950,54951],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,54952,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,54954,54955],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,54956,54957],{"class":146},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[60,54959,54960,54963,54965,54967],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,54961,54962],{"class":66},"shopping_cart",[60,54964,115],{"class":74},[60,54966,11318],{"class":118},[60,54968,8579],{"class":74},[60,54970,54971],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,54972,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,54974,54975,54977,54979,54981,54983],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,54976,135],{"class":134},[60,54978,122],{"class":74},[60,54980,54962],{"class":118},[60,54982,143],{"class":74},[60,54984,54329],{"class":146},[20,54986,54987,54988,54992,54993,54999,55000,115],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[260,54989,54991],{"href":54990},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[260,54994,54996,1869],{"href":54995},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,54997,54998],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[260,55001,55003,1869],{"href":55002},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,55004,55005],{},"list.pop()",[46,55007,4468],{"id":4467},[553,55009,55011,55012,11028,55015],{"id":55010},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,55013,55014],{},"my_list.clear",[15,55016,55017],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,55019,55020],{},"This does not call the method.",[51,55022,55024],{"className":53,"code":55023,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,55025,55026,55046,55050,55059],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,55027,55028,55030,55032,55034,55036,55038,55040,55042,55044],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,55029,777],{"class":66},[60,55031,71],{"class":70},[60,55033,75],{"class":74},[60,55035,79],{"class":78},[60,55037,82],{"class":74},[60,55039,85],{"class":78},[60,55041,82],{"class":74},[60,55043,94],{"class":78},[60,55045,101],{"class":74},[60,55047,55048],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,55049,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,55051,55052,55054,55056],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,55053,828],{"class":66},[60,55055,115],{"class":74},[60,55057,55058],{"class":24682},"clear\n",[60,55060,55061,55063,55065,55067],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,55062,135],{"class":134},[60,55064,122],{"class":74},[60,55066,828],{"class":118},[60,55068,128],{"class":74},[20,55070,318],{},[51,55072,55074],{"className":53,"code":55073,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,55075,55076],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,55077,55078,55080,55082,55084,55086,55088,55090],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,55079,3854],{"class":74},[60,55081,79],{"class":78},[60,55083,82],{"class":74},[60,55085,85],{"class":78},[60,55087,82],{"class":74},[60,55089,94],{"class":78},[60,55091,101],{"class":74},[20,55093,55094],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,55096,10743],{},[51,55098,55100],{"className":53,"code":55099,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,55101,55102,55122,55126,55136],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,55103,55104,55106,55108,55110,55112,55114,55116,55118,55120],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,55105,777],{"class":66},[60,55107,71],{"class":70},[60,55109,75],{"class":74},[60,55111,79],{"class":78},[60,55113,82],{"class":74},[60,55115,85],{"class":78},[60,55117,82],{"class":74},[60,55119,94],{"class":78},[60,55121,101],{"class":74},[60,55123,55124],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,55125,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,55127,55128,55130,55132,55134],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,55129,828],{"class":66},[60,55131,115],{"class":74},[60,55133,11318],{"class":118},[60,55135,8579],{"class":74},[60,55137,55138,55140,55142,55144,55146],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,55139,135],{"class":134},[60,55141,122],{"class":74},[60,55143,828],{"class":118},[60,55145,143],{"class":74},[60,55147,54329],{"class":146},[553,55149,1454,55151,55153],{"id":55150},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,55152,11257],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,55155,55156,2361,55158,55160],{},[15,55157,11257],{},[15,55159,3734],{},", not the list.",[51,55162,55164],{"className":53,"code":55163,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,55165,55166,55186,55200,55204,55216],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,55167,55168,55170,55172,55174,55176,55178,55180,55182,55184],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,55169,777],{"class":66},[60,55171,71],{"class":70},[60,55173,75],{"class":74},[60,55175,79],{"class":78},[60,55177,82],{"class":74},[60,55179,85],{"class":78},[60,55181,82],{"class":74},[60,55183,94],{"class":78},[60,55185,101],{"class":74},[60,55187,55188,55190,55192,55194,55196,55198],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,55189,107],{"class":66},[60,55191,71],{"class":70},[60,55193,5910],{"class":66},[60,55195,115],{"class":74},[60,55197,11318],{"class":118},[60,55199,8579],{"class":74},[60,55201,55202],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,55203,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,55205,55206,55208,55210,55212,55214],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,55207,135],{"class":134},[60,55209,122],{"class":74},[60,55211,140],{"class":118},[60,55213,143],{"class":74},[60,55215,20809],{"class":146},[60,55217,55218,55220,55222,55224,55226],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,55219,135],{"class":134},[60,55221,122],{"class":74},[60,55223,828],{"class":118},[60,55225,143],{"class":74},[60,55227,54577],{"class":146},[553,55229,8356,55231,55233],{"id":55230},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,55232,11257],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,55235,55236,55237,55239],{},"Some types have a ",[15,55238,11257],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,55241,55242],{},"This will fail:",[51,55244,55246],{"className":53,"code":55245,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,55247,55248,55260],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,55249,55250,55252,55254,55256,55258],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,55251,34621],{"class":66},[60,55253,71],{"class":70},[60,55255,267],{"class":255},[60,55257,3801],{"class":259},[60,55259,3320],{"class":255},[60,55261,55262,55264,55266,55268],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,55263,34642],{"class":66},[60,55265,115],{"class":74},[60,55267,11318],{"class":118},[60,55269,8579],{"class":74},[20,55271,55272,55273,33533],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,55274,11257],{},[20,55276,55277,55278,55280],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,55279,3734],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,55282,55283],{},"Useful checks:",[51,55285,55287],{"className":53,"code":55286,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,55288,55289,55299,55313,55327,55336,55346],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,55290,55291,55293,55295,55297],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,55292,135],{"class":134},[60,55294,122],{"class":74},[60,55296,212],{"class":118},[60,55298,128],{"class":74},[60,55300,55301,55303,55305,55307,55309,55311],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,55302,135],{"class":134},[60,55304,122],{"class":74},[60,55306,1657],{"class":1656},[60,55308,122],{"class":74},[60,55310,212],{"class":118},[60,55312,315],{"class":74},[60,55314,55315,55317,55319,55321,55323,55325],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,55316,135],{"class":134},[60,55318,122],{"class":74},[60,55320,12586],{"class":134},[60,55322,122],{"class":74},[60,55324,212],{"class":118},[60,55326,315],{"class":74},[60,55328,55329,55331,55333],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,55330,43481],{"class":66},[60,55332,71],{"class":70},[60,55334,55335],{"class":66}," my_list\n",[60,55337,55338,55340,55342,55344],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,55339,212],{"class":66},[60,55341,115],{"class":74},[60,55343,11318],{"class":118},[60,55345,8579],{"class":74},[60,55347,55348,55350,55352,55354],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,55349,135],{"class":134},[60,55351,122],{"class":74},[60,55353,30675],{"class":118},[60,55355,128],{"class":74},[20,55357,55358],{},"These can help you see:",[30,55360,55361,55364,55367],{},[33,55362,55363],{},"What the variable currently contains",[33,55365,55366],{},"Whether it is really a list",[33,55368,55369],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,55371,55372,55373,115],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[260,55374,55375],{"href":54220},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[46,55377,1773],{"id":1772},[553,55379,1777,55381,55383],{"id":55380},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,55382,54272],{}," delete the list?",[20,55385,55386],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[553,55388,1777,55390,55392],{"id":55389},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,55391,54272],{}," return a new list?",[20,55394,55395,55396,55398],{},"No. It returns ",[15,55397,3734],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[553,55400,5126,55402,544,55404,1435],{"id":55401},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,55403,11257],{},[15,55405,54780],{},[20,55407,55408,55410,55411,55413],{},[15,55409,11257],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,55412,54780],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[553,55415,28261,55417,55419],{"id":55416},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,55418,11257],{}," on other types?",[20,55421,55422,55423,55425],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,55424,11257],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[46,55427,1842],{"id":1841},[30,55429,55430,55434,55439,55445,55452,55458],{},[33,55431,55432],{},[260,55433,1343],{"href":54493},[33,55435,55436],{},[260,55437,55438],{"href":54990},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[33,55440,55441],{},[260,55442,1865,55443,1869],{"href":55002},[15,55444,12699],{},[33,55446,55447],{},[260,55448,1865,55449,1869],{"href":54995},[15,55450,55451],{},"remove()",[33,55453,55454],{},[260,55455,1865,55456,1869],{"href":54883},[15,55457,12713],{},[33,55459,55460],{},[260,55461,30279,55462,33566],{"href":54220},[15,55463,55464],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[1885,55466,55467],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":55469},[55470,55471,55473,55474,55475,55476,55483,55484,55492,55502],{"id":48,"depth":104,"text":49},{"id":54337,"depth":104,"text":55472},"What list.clear() does",{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199},{"id":11410,"depth":104,"text":11411},{"id":17353,"depth":104,"text":17354},{"id":54651,"depth":104,"text":55477,"children":55478},"clear() vs assigning []",[55479,55481],{"id":54689,"depth":131,"text":55480},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54777,"depth":131,"text":55482},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12374,"depth":104,"text":12745},{"id":4467,"depth":104,"text":4468,"children":55485},[55486,55488,55490],{"id":55010,"depth":131,"text":55487},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55150,"depth":131,"text":55489},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55230,"depth":131,"text":55491},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":55493},[55494,55496,55498,55500],{"id":55380,"depth":131,"text":55495},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55389,"depth":131,"text":55497},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55401,"depth":131,"text":55499},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55416,"depth":131,"text":55501},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54260,"description":55503},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55510,"title":55511,"body":55512,"description":57196,"extension":1930,"meta":57197,"navigation":421,"path":57198,"seo":57199,"stem":57200,"__hash__":57201},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55513,"toc":57164},[55514,55519,55525,55533,55535,55624,55631,55636,55640,55654,55656,55733,55735,55796,55799,55801,55803,55824,55827,55841,55844,55889,55891,55899,55902,55908,55914,55917,55994,55996,56041,56044,56049,56132,56134,56175,56180,56184,56190,56192,56200,56203,56295,56297,56355,56358,56374,56379,56389,56394,56396,56401,56406,56409,56411,56468,56471,56524,56530,56535,56539,56556,56558,56642,56644,56685,56693,56695,56700,56706,56708,56771,56776,56846,56850,56885,56888,56890,56929,56933,57009,57015,57021,57026,57048,57051,57070,57078,57080,57086,57089,57096,57104,57109,57112,57116,57122,57130,57133,57135,57161],[10,55515,13,55517,18],{"id":55516},"python-list-copy-method",[15,55518,12713],{},[20,55520,55521,55524],{},[15,55522,55523],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,55526,55527,55528,13989,55530,55532],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,55529,71],{},[3698,55531,4581],{}," make a real copy.",[46,55534,1972],{"id":1971},[51,55536,55538],{"className":53,"code":55537,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55539,55540,55560,55575,55579,55594,55598,55611],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,55541,55542,55544,55546,55548,55550,55552,55554,55556,55558],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,55543,67],{"class":66},[60,55545,71],{"class":70},[60,55547,75],{"class":74},[60,55549,79],{"class":78},[60,55551,82],{"class":74},[60,55553,85],{"class":78},[60,55555,82],{"class":74},[60,55557,94],{"class":78},[60,55559,101],{"class":74},[60,55561,55562,55565,55567,55569,55571,55573],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,55563,55564],{"class":66},"new_numbers ",[60,55566,71],{"class":70},[60,55568,112],{"class":66},[60,55570,115],{"class":74},[60,55572,12848],{"class":118},[60,55574,8579],{"class":74},[60,55576,55577],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,55578,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,55580,55581,55584,55586,55588,55590,55592],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,55582,55583],{"class":66},"new_numbers",[60,55585,115],{"class":74},[60,55587,13488],{"class":118},[60,55589,122],{"class":74},[60,55591,2465],{"class":78},[60,55593,128],{"class":74},[60,55595,55596],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,55597,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,55599,55600,55602,55604,55606,55608],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,55601,135],{"class":134},[60,55603,122],{"class":74},[60,55605,1506],{"class":118},[60,55607,143],{"class":74},[60,55609,55610],{"class":146},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[60,55612,55613,55615,55617,55619,55621],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,55614,135],{"class":134},[60,55616,122],{"class":74},[60,55618,55583],{"class":118},[60,55620,143],{"class":74},[60,55622,55623],{"class":146},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,55625,150,55626,55628,55629,115],{},[15,55627,55523],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[3698,55630,12787],{},[46,55632,158,55634,161],{"id":55633},"what-listcopy-does",[15,55635,55523],{},[20,55637,55638,166],{},[15,55639,55523],{},[30,55641,55642,55645,55648,55651],{},[33,55643,55644],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[33,55646,55647],{},"Returns that new list",[33,55649,55650],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[33,55652,55653],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,55655,238],{},[51,55657,55659],{"className":53,"code":55658,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,55660,55661,55693,55708,55712,55722],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,55662,55663,55665,55667,55669,55671,55673,55675,55677,55679,55681,55683,55685,55687,55689,55691],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,55664,36173],{"class":66},[60,55666,71],{"class":70},[60,55668,75],{"class":74},[60,55670,256],{"class":255},[60,55672,575],{"class":259},[60,55674,256],{"class":255},[60,55676,82],{"class":74},[60,55678,267],{"class":255},[60,55680,1392],{"class":259},[60,55682,256],{"class":255},[60,55684,82],{"class":74},[60,55686,267],{"class":255},[60,55688,33154],{"class":259},[60,55690,256],{"class":255},[60,55692,101],{"class":74},[60,55694,55695,55698,55700,55702,55704,55706],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,55696,55697],{"class":66},"copied_fruits ",[60,55699,71],{"class":70},[60,55701,52777],{"class":66},[60,55703,115],{"class":74},[60,55705,12848],{"class":118},[60,55707,8579],{"class":74},[60,55709,55710],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,55711,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,55713,55714,55716,55718,55720],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,55715,135],{"class":134},[60,55717,122],{"class":74},[60,55719,36225],{"class":118},[60,55721,128],{"class":74},[60,55723,55724,55726,55728,55731],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,55725,135],{"class":134},[60,55727,122],{"class":74},[60,55729,55730],{"class":118},"copied_fruits",[60,55732,128],{"class":74},[20,55734,318],{},[51,55736,55738],{"className":53,"code":55737,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,55739,55740,55768],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,55741,55742,55744,55746,55748,55750,55752,55754,55756,55758,55760,55762,55764,55766],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,55743,3854],{"class":74},[60,55745,3261],{"class":255},[60,55747,575],{"class":259},[60,55749,3261],{"class":255},[60,55751,82],{"class":74},[60,55753,3256],{"class":255},[60,55755,1392],{"class":259},[60,55757,3261],{"class":255},[60,55759,82],{"class":74},[60,55761,3256],{"class":255},[60,55763,33154],{"class":259},[60,55765,3261],{"class":255},[60,55767,101],{"class":74},[60,55769,55770,55772,55774,55776,55778,55780,55782,55784,55786,55788,55790,55792,55794],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,55771,3854],{"class":74},[60,55773,3261],{"class":255},[60,55775,575],{"class":259},[60,55777,3261],{"class":255},[60,55779,82],{"class":74},[60,55781,3256],{"class":255},[60,55783,1392],{"class":259},[60,55785,3261],{"class":255},[60,55787,82],{"class":74},[60,55789,3256],{"class":255},[60,55791,33154],{"class":259},[60,55793,3261],{"class":255},[60,55795,101],{"class":74},[20,55797,55798],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[46,55800,199],{"id":198},[20,55802,202],{},[51,55804,55806],{"className":53,"code":55805,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,55807,55808],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,55809,55810,55813,55815,55818,55820,55822],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,55811,55812],{"class":66},"new_list ",[60,55814,71],{"class":70},[60,55816,55817],{"class":66}," old_list",[60,55819,115],{"class":74},[60,55821,12848],{"class":118},[60,55823,8579],{"class":74},[20,55825,55826],{},"How it works:",[30,55828,55829,55835,55838],{},[33,55830,55831,55832,55834],{},"Call ",[15,55833,12713],{}," on an existing list",[33,55836,55837],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[33,55839,55840],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,55842,55843],{},"Example with an empty list:",[51,55845,55847],{"className":53,"code":55846,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,55848,55849,55858,55874,55878],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,55850,55851,55854,55856],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,55852,55853],{"class":66},"empty_list ",[60,55855,71],{"class":70},[60,55857,7778],{"class":74},[60,55859,55860,55863,55865,55868,55870,55872],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,55861,55862],{"class":66},"new_empty_list ",[60,55864,71],{"class":70},[60,55866,55867],{"class":66}," empty_list",[60,55869,115],{"class":74},[60,55871,12848],{"class":118},[60,55873,8579],{"class":74},[60,55875,55876],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,55877,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,55879,55880,55882,55884,55887],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,55881,135],{"class":134},[60,55883,122],{"class":74},[60,55885,55886],{"class":118},"new_empty_list",[60,55888,128],{"class":74},[20,55890,318],{},[51,55892,55893],{"className":53,"code":38230,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,55894,55895],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,55896,55897],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,55898,38230],{"class":74},[20,55900,55901],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[46,55903,55905,55906],{"id":55904},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,55907,71],{},[20,55909,8356,55910,13989,55912,52594],{},[15,55911,71],{},[3698,55913,4581],{},[20,55915,55916],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[51,55918,55920],{"className":53,"code":55919,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,55921,55922,55942,55951,55955,55970,55974,55984],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,55923,55924,55926,55928,55930,55932,55934,55936,55938,55940],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,55925,67],{"class":66},[60,55927,71],{"class":70},[60,55929,75],{"class":74},[60,55931,79],{"class":78},[60,55933,82],{"class":74},[60,55935,85],{"class":78},[60,55937,82],{"class":74},[60,55939,94],{"class":78},[60,55941,101],{"class":74},[60,55943,55944,55947,55949],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,55945,55946],{"class":66},"same_list ",[60,55948,71],{"class":70},[60,55950,43913],{"class":66},[60,55952,55953],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,55954,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,55956,55957,55960,55962,55964,55966,55968],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,55958,55959],{"class":66},"same_list",[60,55961,115],{"class":74},[60,55963,13488],{"class":118},[60,55965,122],{"class":74},[60,55967,2465],{"class":78},[60,55969,128],{"class":74},[60,55971,55972],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,55973,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,55975,55976,55978,55980,55982],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,55977,135],{"class":134},[60,55979,122],{"class":74},[60,55981,1506],{"class":118},[60,55983,128],{"class":74},[60,55985,55986,55988,55990,55992],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,55987,135],{"class":134},[60,55989,122],{"class":74},[60,55991,55959],{"class":118},[60,55993,128],{"class":74},[20,55995,318],{},[51,55997,55999],{"className":53,"code":55998,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56000,56001,56021],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,56002,56003,56005,56007,56009,56011,56013,56015,56017,56019],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,56004,3854],{"class":74},[60,56006,79],{"class":78},[60,56008,82],{"class":74},[60,56010,85],{"class":78},[60,56012,82],{"class":74},[60,56014,94],{"class":78},[60,56016,82],{"class":74},[60,56018,800],{"class":78},[60,56020,101],{"class":74},[60,56022,56023,56025,56027,56029,56031,56033,56035,56037,56039],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,56024,3854],{"class":74},[60,56026,79],{"class":78},[60,56028,82],{"class":74},[60,56030,85],{"class":78},[60,56032,82],{"class":74},[60,56034,94],{"class":78},[60,56036,82],{"class":74},[60,56038,800],{"class":78},[60,56040,101],{"class":74},[20,56042,56043],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,56045,56046,56047,166],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,56048,12713],{},[51,56050,56052],{"className":53,"code":56051,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,56053,56054,56074,56089,56093,56108,56112,56122],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,56055,56056,56058,56060,56062,56064,56066,56068,56070,56072],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,56057,67],{"class":66},[60,56059,71],{"class":70},[60,56061,75],{"class":74},[60,56063,79],{"class":78},[60,56065,82],{"class":74},[60,56067,85],{"class":78},[60,56069,82],{"class":74},[60,56071,94],{"class":78},[60,56073,101],{"class":74},[60,56075,56076,56079,56081,56083,56085,56087],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,56077,56078],{"class":66},"copied_numbers ",[60,56080,71],{"class":70},[60,56082,112],{"class":66},[60,56084,115],{"class":74},[60,56086,12848],{"class":118},[60,56088,8579],{"class":74},[60,56090,56091],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,56092,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,56094,56095,56098,56100,56102,56104,56106],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,56096,56097],{"class":66},"copied_numbers",[60,56099,115],{"class":74},[60,56101,13488],{"class":118},[60,56103,122],{"class":74},[60,56105,2465],{"class":78},[60,56107,128],{"class":74},[60,56109,56110],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,56111,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,56113,56114,56116,56118,56120],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,56115,135],{"class":134},[60,56117,122],{"class":74},[60,56119,1506],{"class":118},[60,56121,128],{"class":74},[60,56123,56124,56126,56128,56130],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,56125,135],{"class":134},[60,56127,122],{"class":74},[60,56129,56097],{"class":118},[60,56131,128],{"class":74},[20,56133,318],{},[51,56135,56137],{"className":53,"code":56136,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56138,56139,56155],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,56140,56141,56143,56145,56147,56149,56151,56153],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,56142,3854],{"class":74},[60,56144,79],{"class":78},[60,56146,82],{"class":74},[60,56148,85],{"class":78},[60,56150,82],{"class":74},[60,56152,94],{"class":78},[60,56154,101],{"class":74},[60,56156,56157,56159,56161,56163,56165,56167,56169,56171,56173],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,56158,3854],{"class":74},[60,56160,79],{"class":78},[60,56162,82],{"class":74},[60,56164,85],{"class":78},[60,56166,82],{"class":74},[60,56168,94],{"class":78},[60,56170,82],{"class":74},[60,56172,800],{"class":78},[60,56174,101],{"class":74},[20,56176,56177,56178,115],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[260,56179,1343],{"href":1342},[46,56181,56183],{"id":56182},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,56185,56186,12784,56188,115],{},[15,56187,55523],{},[3698,56189,12787],{},[20,56191,2075],{},[30,56193,56194,56197],{},[33,56195,56196],{},"The outer list is new",[33,56198,56199],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,56201,56202],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[51,56204,56206],{"className":53,"code":56205,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,56207,56208,56234,56248,56252,56271,56275,56285],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,56209,56210,56212,56214,56216,56218,56220,56222,56224,56226,56228,56230,56232],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,56211,12022],{"class":66},[60,56213,71],{"class":70},[60,56215,782],{"class":74},[60,56217,79],{"class":78},[60,56219,82],{"class":74},[60,56221,85],{"class":78},[60,56223,791],{"class":74},[60,56225,75],{"class":74},[60,56227,189],{"class":78},[60,56229,82],{"class":74},[60,56231,800],{"class":78},[60,56233,819],{"class":74},[60,56235,56236,56238,56240,56242,56244,56246],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,56237,14247],{"class":66},[60,56239,71],{"class":70},[60,56241,12097],{"class":66},[60,56243,115],{"class":74},[60,56245,12848],{"class":118},[60,56247,8579],{"class":74},[60,56249,56250],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,56251,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,56253,56254,56256,56258,56260,56262,56264,56266,56269],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,56255,14266],{"class":66},[60,56257,3854],{"class":74},[60,56259,195],{"class":78},[60,56261,13485],{"class":74},[60,56263,13488],{"class":118},[60,56265,122],{"class":74},[60,56267,56268],{"class":78},"99",[60,56270,128],{"class":74},[60,56272,56273],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,56274,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,56276,56277,56279,56281,56283],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,56278,135],{"class":134},[60,56280,122],{"class":74},[60,56282,12069],{"class":118},[60,56284,128],{"class":74},[60,56286,56287,56289,56291,56293],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,56288,135],{"class":134},[60,56290,122],{"class":74},[60,56292,14266],{"class":118},[60,56294,128],{"class":74},[20,56296,318],{},[51,56298,56300],{"className":53,"code":56299,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,56301,56302,56329],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,56303,56304,56307,56309,56311,56313,56315,56317,56319,56321,56323,56325,56327],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,56305,56306],{"class":74},"[[",[60,56308,79],{"class":78},[60,56310,82],{"class":74},[60,56312,85],{"class":78},[60,56314,82],{"class":74},[60,56316,10132],{"class":78},[60,56318,791],{"class":74},[60,56320,75],{"class":74},[60,56322,189],{"class":78},[60,56324,82],{"class":74},[60,56326,800],{"class":78},[60,56328,819],{"class":74},[60,56330,56331,56333,56335,56337,56339,56341,56343,56345,56347,56349,56351,56353],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,56332,56306],{"class":74},[60,56334,79],{"class":78},[60,56336,82],{"class":74},[60,56338,85],{"class":78},[60,56340,82],{"class":74},[60,56342,10132],{"class":78},[60,56344,791],{"class":74},[60,56346,75],{"class":74},[60,56348,189],{"class":78},[60,56350,82],{"class":74},[60,56352,800],{"class":78},[60,56354,819],{"class":74},[20,56356,56357],{},"Why did both change?",[30,56359,56360,56367],{},[33,56361,56362,544,56364,56366],{},[15,56363,12069],{},[15,56365,14266],{}," are different outer lists",[33,56368,56369,56370,56373],{},"But the inner list ",[15,56371,56372],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,56375,760,56376,56378],{},[15,56377,12713],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[30,56380,56381,56384,56387],{},[33,56382,56383],{},"Numbers",[33,56385,56386],{},"Strings",[33,56388,40529],{},[20,56390,56391,56392,115],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[260,56393,13726],{"href":13725},[46,56395,17354],{"id":17353},[20,56397,56398,56400],{},[15,56399,55523],{}," returns a new list.",[20,56402,40840,56403,56405],{},[3698,56404,4581],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,56407,56408],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,56410,16591],{},[51,56412,56414],{"className":53,"code":56413,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,56415,56416,56440,56454,56458],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,56417,56418,56420,56422,56424,56426,56428,56430,56432,56434,56436,56438],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,56419,377],{"class":66},[60,56421,71],{"class":70},[60,56423,75],{"class":74},[60,56425,256],{"class":255},[60,56427,386],{"class":259},[60,56429,256],{"class":255},[60,56431,82],{"class":74},[60,56433,267],{"class":255},[60,56435,395],{"class":259},[60,56437,256],{"class":255},[60,56439,101],{"class":74},[60,56441,56442,56444,56446,56448,56450,56452],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,56443,13053],{"class":66},[60,56445,71],{"class":70},[60,56447,13058],{"class":66},[60,56449,115],{"class":74},[60,56451,12848],{"class":118},[60,56453,8579],{"class":74},[60,56455,56456],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,56457,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,56459,56460,56462,56464,56466],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,56461,135],{"class":134},[60,56463,122],{"class":74},[60,56465,13077],{"class":118},[60,56467,128],{"class":74},[20,56469,56470],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[51,56472,56474],{"className":53,"code":56473,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,56475,56476,56500,56510,56514],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,56477,56478,56480,56482,56484,56486,56488,56490,56492,56494,56496,56498],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,56479,377],{"class":66},[60,56481,71],{"class":70},[60,56483,75],{"class":74},[60,56485,256],{"class":255},[60,56487,386],{"class":259},[60,56489,256],{"class":255},[60,56491,82],{"class":74},[60,56493,267],{"class":255},[60,56495,395],{"class":259},[60,56497,256],{"class":255},[60,56499,101],{"class":74},[60,56501,56502,56504,56506,56508],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,56503,431],{"class":66},[60,56505,115],{"class":74},[60,56507,12848],{"class":118},[60,56509,8579],{"class":74},[60,56511,56512],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,56513,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,56515,56516,56518,56520,56522],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,56517,135],{"class":134},[60,56519,122],{"class":74},[60,56521,431],{"class":118},[60,56523,128],{"class":74},[20,56525,56526,56527,56529],{},"In the second example, ",[15,56528,12713],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[46,56531,1221,56533],{"id":56532},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,56534,55523],{},[20,56536,150,56537,10537],{},[15,56538,55523],{},[30,56540,56541,56544,56547,56550],{},[33,56542,56543],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[33,56545,56546],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[33,56548,56549],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[33,56551,56552,56553],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,56554,56555],{},"[:]",[20,56557,238],{},[51,56559,56561],{"className":53,"code":56560,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,56562,56563,56583,56598,56602,56617,56621,56631],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,56564,56565,56567,56569,56571,56573,56575,56577,56579,56581],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,56566,5011],{"class":66},[60,56568,71],{"class":70},[60,56570,75],{"class":74},[60,56572,873],{"class":78},[60,56574,82],{"class":74},[60,56576,878],{"class":78},[60,56578,82],{"class":74},[60,56580,888],{"class":78},[60,56582,101],{"class":74},[60,56584,56585,56588,56590,56592,56594,56596],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,56586,56587],{"class":66},"backup_scores ",[60,56589,71],{"class":70},[60,56591,5058],{"class":66},[60,56593,115],{"class":74},[60,56595,12848],{"class":118},[60,56597,8579],{"class":74},[60,56599,56600],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,56601,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,56603,56604,56606,56608,56610,56612,56615],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,56605,16324],{"class":66},[60,56607,115],{"class":74},[60,56609,13488],{"class":118},[60,56611,122],{"class":74},[60,56613,56614],{"class":78},"40",[60,56616,128],{"class":74},[60,56618,56619],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,56620,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,56622,56623,56625,56627,56629],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,56624,135],{"class":134},[60,56626,122],{"class":74},[60,56628,16324],{"class":118},[60,56630,128],{"class":74},[60,56632,56633,56635,56637,56640],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,56634,135],{"class":134},[60,56636,122],{"class":74},[60,56638,56639],{"class":118},"backup_scores",[60,56641,128],{"class":74},[20,56643,318],{},[51,56645,56647],{"className":53,"code":56646,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,56648,56649,56669],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,56650,56651,56653,56655,56657,56659,56661,56663,56665,56667],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,56652,3854],{"class":74},[60,56654,873],{"class":78},[60,56656,82],{"class":74},[60,56658,878],{"class":78},[60,56660,82],{"class":74},[60,56662,888],{"class":78},[60,56664,82],{"class":74},[60,56666,50773],{"class":78},[60,56668,101],{"class":74},[60,56670,56671,56673,56675,56677,56679,56681,56683],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,56672,3854],{"class":74},[60,56674,873],{"class":78},[60,56676,82],{"class":74},[60,56678,878],{"class":78},[60,56680,82],{"class":74},[60,56682,888],{"class":78},[60,56684,101],{"class":74},[20,56686,56687,56688,115],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[260,56689,1865,56691,1869],{"href":56690},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,56692,52579],{},[46,56694,4468],{"id":4467},[20,56696,56697,56698,115],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,56699,55523],{},[553,56701,8356,56703,56705],{"id":56702},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,56704,71],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,56707,39132],{},[51,56709,56711],{"className":53,"code":56710,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56712,56713,56733,56741,56755,56759],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,56714,56715,56717,56719,56721,56723,56725,56727,56729,56731],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,56716,2515],{"class":66},[60,56718,71],{"class":70},[60,56720,75],{"class":74},[60,56722,79],{"class":78},[60,56724,82],{"class":74},[60,56726,85],{"class":78},[60,56728,82],{"class":74},[60,56730,94],{"class":78},[60,56732,101],{"class":74},[60,56734,56735,56737,56739],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,56736,2543],{"class":66},[60,56738,71],{"class":70},[60,56740,36109],{"class":66},[60,56742,56743,56745,56747,56749,56751,56753],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,56744,270],{"class":66},[60,56746,115],{"class":74},[60,56748,13488],{"class":118},[60,56750,122],{"class":74},[60,56752,2465],{"class":78},[60,56754,128],{"class":74},[60,56756,56757],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,56758,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,56760,56761,56763,56765,56767,56769],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,56762,135],{"class":134},[60,56764,122],{"class":74},[60,56766,260],{"class":118},[60,56768,143],{"class":74},[60,56770,55623],{"class":146},[20,56772,56773,56774,6573],{},"Fix: use ",[15,56775,12713],{},[51,56777,56779],{"className":53,"code":56778,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,56780,56781,56801,56816,56830,56834],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,56782,56783,56785,56787,56789,56791,56793,56795,56797,56799],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,56784,2515],{"class":66},[60,56786,71],{"class":70},[60,56788,75],{"class":74},[60,56790,79],{"class":78},[60,56792,82],{"class":74},[60,56794,85],{"class":78},[60,56796,82],{"class":74},[60,56798,94],{"class":78},[60,56800,101],{"class":74},[60,56802,56803,56805,56807,56810,56812,56814],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,56804,2543],{"class":66},[60,56806,71],{"class":70},[60,56808,56809],{"class":66}," a",[60,56811,115],{"class":74},[60,56813,12848],{"class":118},[60,56815,8579],{"class":74},[60,56817,56818,56820,56822,56824,56826,56828],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,56819,270],{"class":66},[60,56821,115],{"class":74},[60,56823,13488],{"class":118},[60,56825,122],{"class":74},[60,56827,2465],{"class":78},[60,56829,128],{"class":74},[60,56831,56832],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,56833,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,56835,56836,56838,56840,56842,56844],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,56837,135],{"class":134},[60,56839,122],{"class":74},[60,56841,260],{"class":118},[60,56843,143],{"class":74},[60,56845,54855],{"class":146},[553,56847,56849],{"id":56848},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[51,56851,56853],{"className":53,"code":56852,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,56854,56855,56875],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,56856,56857,56859,56861,56863,56865,56867,56869,56871,56873],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,56858,67],{"class":66},[60,56860,71],{"class":70},[60,56862,75],{"class":74},[60,56864,79],{"class":78},[60,56866,82],{"class":74},[60,56868,85],{"class":78},[60,56870,82],{"class":74},[60,56872,94],{"class":78},[60,56874,101],{"class":74},[60,56876,56877,56879,56881,56883],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,56878,1506],{"class":66},[60,56880,115],{"class":74},[60,56882,12848],{"class":118},[60,56884,8579],{"class":74},[20,56886,56887],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,56889,39195],{},[51,56891,56893],{"className":53,"code":56892,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,56894,56895,56915],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,56896,56897,56899,56901,56903,56905,56907,56909,56911,56913],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,56898,67],{"class":66},[60,56900,71],{"class":70},[60,56902,75],{"class":74},[60,56904,79],{"class":78},[60,56906,82],{"class":74},[60,56908,85],{"class":78},[60,56910,82],{"class":74},[60,56912,94],{"class":78},[60,56914,101],{"class":74},[60,56916,56917,56919,56921,56923,56925,56927],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,56918,56078],{"class":66},[60,56920,71],{"class":70},[60,56922,112],{"class":66},[60,56924,115],{"class":74},[60,56926,12848],{"class":118},[60,56928,8579],{"class":74},[553,56930,56932],{"id":56931},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[51,56934,56936],{"className":53,"code":56935,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,56937,56938,56956,56970,56974,56992,56996],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,56939,56940,56942,56944,56946,56948,56950,56952,56954],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,56941,2515],{"class":66},[60,56943,71],{"class":70},[60,56945,782],{"class":74},[60,56947,79],{"class":78},[60,56949,791],{"class":74},[60,56951,75],{"class":74},[60,56953,125],{"class":78},[60,56955,819],{"class":74},[60,56957,56958,56960,56962,56964,56966,56968],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,56959,2543],{"class":66},[60,56961,71],{"class":70},[60,56963,56809],{"class":66},[60,56965,115],{"class":74},[60,56967,12848],{"class":118},[60,56969,8579],{"class":74},[60,56971,56972],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,56973,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,56975,56976,56978,56980,56982,56984,56986,56988,56990],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,56977,270],{"class":66},[60,56979,3854],{"class":74},[60,56981,195],{"class":78},[60,56983,13485],{"class":74},[60,56985,13488],{"class":118},[60,56987,122],{"class":74},[60,56989,56268],{"class":78},[60,56991,128],{"class":74},[60,56993,56994],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,56995,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,56997,56998,57000,57002,57004,57006],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,56999,135],{"class":134},[60,57001,122],{"class":74},[60,57003,260],{"class":118},[60,57005,143],{"class":74},[60,57007,57008],{"class":146},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,57010,57011,57012,57014],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,57013,55523],{}," is shallow.",[553,57016,25549,57018,57020],{"id":57017},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,57019,12713],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,57022,57023,57025],{},[15,57024,12713],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[51,57027,57029],{"className":53,"code":57028,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,57030,57031,57043],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,57032,57033,57035,57037,57039,57041],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,57034,7816],{"class":66},[60,57036,71],{"class":70},[60,57038,267],{"class":255},[60,57040,4952],{"class":259},[60,57042,3320],{"class":255},[60,57044,57045],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,57046,57047],{"class":146},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,57049,57050],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[51,57052,57054],{"className":53,"code":57053,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(type(name))\n",[15,57055,57056],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,57057,57058,57060,57062,57064,57066,57068],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,57059,135],{"class":134},[60,57061,122],{"class":74},[60,57063,1657],{"class":1656},[60,57065,122],{"class":74},[60,57067,7611],{"class":118},[60,57069,315],{"class":74},[20,57071,57072,57073,57077],{},"You can also review ",[260,57074,57076],{"href":57075},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[46,57079,1773],{"id":1772},[553,57081,1777,57083,57085],{"id":57082},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,57084,55523],{}," change the original list?",[20,57087,57088],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[553,57090,5126,57092,544,57094,1435],{"id":57091},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,57093,55523],{},[15,57095,71],{},[20,57097,57098,57100,57101,57103],{},[15,57099,12713],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,57102,71],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[553,57105,1806,57107,14840],{"id":57106},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,57108,55523],{},[20,57110,57111],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[553,57113,57115],{"id":57114},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,57117,1812,57118,57121],{},[15,57119,57120],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[553,57123,1806,57125,57127,57128,1435],{"id":57124},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,57126,55523],{}," the same as ",[15,57129,56555],{},[20,57131,57132],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[46,57134,1842],{"id":1841},[30,57136,57137,57142,57146,57151,57157],{},[33,57138,57139],{},[260,57140,14899],{"href":57141},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[33,57143,57144],{},[260,57145,1343],{"href":1342},[33,57147,57148],{},[260,57149,57150],{"href":57075},"Creating a list in Python",[33,57152,57153],{},[260,57154,1865,57155,1869],{"href":56690},[15,57156,52579],{},[33,57158,57159],{},[260,57160,13726],{"href":13725},[1885,57162,57163],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":57165},[57166,57167,57169,57170,57172,57173,57174,57176,57184,57195],{"id":1971,"depth":104,"text":1972},{"id":55633,"depth":104,"text":57168},"What list.copy() does",{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199},{"id":55904,"depth":104,"text":57171},"Why not use =",{"id":56182,"depth":104,"text":56183},{"id":17353,"depth":104,"text":17354},{"id":56532,"depth":104,"text":57175},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":4467,"depth":104,"text":4468,"children":57177},[57178,57180,57181,57182],{"id":56702,"depth":131,"text":57179},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":56848,"depth":131,"text":56849},{"id":56931,"depth":131,"text":56932},{"id":57017,"depth":131,"text":57183},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":57185},[57186,57188,57190,57192,57193],{"id":57082,"depth":131,"text":57187},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":57091,"depth":131,"text":57189},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":57106,"depth":131,"text":57191},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":57114,"depth":131,"text":57115},{"id":57124,"depth":131,"text":57194},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55511,"description":57196},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":4,"title":5,"body":57203,"description":1929,"extension":1930,"meta":58787,"navigation":421,"path":1932,"seo":58788,"stem":1934,"__hash__":1935},{"type":7,"value":57204,"toc":58755},[57205,57209,57213,57215,57223,57225,57227,57289,57293,57297,57301,57311,57313,57317,57321,57323,57325,57343,57353,57355,57421,57423,57431,57435,57437,57443,57445,57459,57461,57581,57589,57591,57595,57597,57599,57613,57615,57699,57705,57711,57779,57781,57783,57793,57797,57799,57869,57871,57873,57875,57939,57941,57949,57951,58031,58033,58041,58043,58103,58105,58113,58115,58201,58203,58211,58215,58219,58221,58229,58231,58311,58315,58321,58323,58327,58329,58333,58393,58397,58403,58407,58415,58419,58467,58469,58489,58491,58551,58555,58559,58561,58647,58649,58657,58659,58675,58677,58681,58683,58685,58689,58693,58695,58699,58705,58711,58721,58723,58753],[10,57206,13,57207,18],{"id":12},[15,57208,17],{},[20,57210,57211,25],{},[15,57212,24],{},[20,57214,28],{},[30,57216,57217,57219,57221],{},[33,57218,35],{},[33,57220,38],{},[33,57222,41],{},[20,57224,44],{},[46,57226,49],{"id":48},[51,57228,57229],{"className":53,"code":54,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,57230,57231,57259,57277],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,57232,57233,57235,57237,57239,57241,57243,57245,57247,57249,57251,57253,57255,57257],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,57234,67],{"class":66},[60,57236,71],{"class":70},[60,57238,75],{"class":74},[60,57240,79],{"class":78},[60,57242,82],{"class":74},[60,57244,85],{"class":78},[60,57246,82],{"class":74},[60,57248,85],{"class":78},[60,57250,82],{"class":74},[60,57252,94],{"class":78},[60,57254,82],{"class":74},[60,57256,85],{"class":78},[60,57258,101],{"class":74},[60,57260,57261,57263,57265,57267,57269,57271,57273,57275],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,57262,107],{"class":66},[60,57264,71],{"class":70},[60,57266,112],{"class":66},[60,57268,115],{"class":74},[60,57270,119],{"class":118},[60,57272,122],{"class":74},[60,57274,125],{"class":78},[60,57276,128],{"class":74},[60,57278,57279,57281,57283,57285,57287],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,57280,135],{"class":134},[60,57282,122],{"class":74},[60,57284,140],{"class":118},[60,57286,143],{"class":74},[60,57288,147],{"class":146},[20,57290,150,57291,154],{},[15,57292,153],{},[46,57294,158,57295,161],{"id":157},[15,57296,24],{},[20,57298,57299,166],{},[15,57300,24],{},[30,57302,57303,57305,57307,57309],{},[33,57304,171],{},[33,57306,174],{},[33,57308,177],{},[33,57310,180],{},[20,57312,183],{},[20,57314,186,57315,115],{},[15,57316,189],{},[20,57318,192,57319,115],{},[15,57320,195],{},[46,57322,199],{"id":198},[20,57324,202],{},[51,57326,57327],{"className":53,"code":205,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,57328,57329],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,57330,57331,57333,57335,57337,57339,57341],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,57332,212],{"class":66},[60,57334,115],{"class":74},[60,57336,119],{"class":118},[60,57338,122],{"class":74},[60,57340,221],{"class":118},[60,57342,128],{"class":74},[30,57344,57345,57349],{},[33,57346,57347,230],{},[15,57348,212],{},[33,57350,57351,235],{},[15,57352,221],{},[20,57354,238],{},[51,57356,57357],{"className":53,"code":241,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,57358,57359,57399],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,57360,57361,57363,57365,57367,57369,57371,57373,57375,57377,57379,57381,57383,57385,57387,57389,57391,57393,57395,57397],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,57362,248],{"class":66},[60,57364,71],{"class":70},[60,57366,75],{"class":74},[60,57368,256],{"class":255},[60,57370,260],{"class":259},[60,57372,256],{"class":255},[60,57374,82],{"class":74},[60,57376,267],{"class":255},[60,57378,270],{"class":259},[60,57380,256],{"class":255},[60,57382,82],{"class":74},[60,57384,267],{"class":255},[60,57386,260],{"class":259},[60,57388,256],{"class":255},[60,57390,82],{"class":74},[60,57392,267],{"class":255},[60,57394,287],{"class":259},[60,57396,256],{"class":255},[60,57398,101],{"class":74},[60,57400,57401,57403,57405,57407,57409,57411,57413,57415,57417,57419],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,57402,135],{"class":134},[60,57404,122],{"class":74},[60,57406,300],{"class":118},[60,57408,115],{"class":74},[60,57410,119],{"class":118},[60,57412,122],{"class":74},[60,57414,256],{"class":255},[60,57416,260],{"class":259},[60,57418,256],{"class":255},[60,57420,315],{"class":74},[20,57422,318],{},[51,57424,57425],{"className":53,"code":321,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,57426,57427],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,57428,57429],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,57430,321],{"class":78},[20,57432,330,57433,115],{},[15,57434,195],{},[46,57436,336],{"id":335},[20,57438,339,57439,342,57441,115],{},[15,57440,17],{},[15,57442,345],{},[20,57444,348],{},[30,57446,57447,57451,57455],{},[33,57448,57449,355],{},[15,57450,195],{},[33,57452,57453,360],{},[15,57454,79],{},[33,57456,57457,365],{},[15,57458,125],{},[20,57460,238],{},[51,57462,57463],{"className":53,"code":370,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,57464,57465,57505,57509,57533,57557],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,57466,57467,57469,57471,57473,57475,57477,57479,57481,57483,57485,57487,57489,57491,57493,57495,57497,57499,57501,57503],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,57468,377],{"class":66},[60,57470,71],{"class":70},[60,57472,75],{"class":74},[60,57474,256],{"class":255},[60,57476,386],{"class":259},[60,57478,256],{"class":255},[60,57480,82],{"class":74},[60,57482,267],{"class":255},[60,57484,395],{"class":259},[60,57486,256],{"class":255},[60,57488,82],{"class":74},[60,57490,267],{"class":255},[60,57492,404],{"class":259},[60,57494,256],{"class":255},[60,57496,82],{"class":74},[60,57498,267],{"class":255},[60,57500,395],{"class":259},[60,57502,256],{"class":255},[60,57504,101],{"class":74},[60,57506,57507],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,57508,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,57510,57511,57513,57515,57517,57519,57521,57523,57525,57527,57529,57531],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,57512,135],{"class":134},[60,57514,122],{"class":74},[60,57516,431],{"class":118},[60,57518,115],{"class":74},[60,57520,119],{"class":118},[60,57522,122],{"class":74},[60,57524,256],{"class":255},[60,57526,395],{"class":259},[60,57528,256],{"class":255},[60,57530,446],{"class":74},[60,57532,449],{"class":146},[60,57534,57535,57537,57539,57541,57543,57545,57547,57549,57551,57553,57555],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,57536,135],{"class":134},[60,57538,122],{"class":74},[60,57540,431],{"class":118},[60,57542,115],{"class":74},[60,57544,119],{"class":118},[60,57546,122],{"class":74},[60,57548,256],{"class":255},[60,57550,386],{"class":259},[60,57552,256],{"class":255},[60,57554,446],{"class":74},[60,57556,475],{"class":146},[60,57558,57559,57561,57563,57565,57567,57569,57571,57573,57575,57577,57579],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,57560,135],{"class":134},[60,57562,122],{"class":74},[60,57564,431],{"class":118},[60,57566,115],{"class":74},[60,57568,119],{"class":118},[60,57570,122],{"class":74},[60,57572,256],{"class":255},[60,57574,495],{"class":259},[60,57576,256],{"class":255},[60,57578,446],{"class":74},[60,57580,502],{"class":146},[20,57582,505,57583,508,57585,512,57587,115],{},[15,57584,17],{},[15,57586,511],{},[260,57588,516],{"href":515},[46,57590,520],{"id":519},[20,57592,57593,525],{},[15,57594,24],{},[20,57596,528],{},[20,57598,531],{},[30,57600,57601,57603,57605,57611],{},[33,57602,536],{},[33,57604,539],{},[33,57606,57607,544,57609,548],{},[15,57608,79],{},[15,57610,547],{},[33,57612,551],{},[553,57614,556],{"id":555},[51,57616,57617],{"className":53,"code":559,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,57618,57619,57651,57675],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,57620,57621,57623,57625,57627,57629,57631,57633,57635,57637,57639,57641,57643,57645,57647,57649],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,57622,566],{"class":66},[60,57624,71],{"class":70},[60,57626,75],{"class":74},[60,57628,256],{"class":255},[60,57630,575],{"class":259},[60,57632,256],{"class":255},[60,57634,82],{"class":74},[60,57636,267],{"class":255},[60,57638,584],{"class":259},[60,57640,256],{"class":255},[60,57642,82],{"class":74},[60,57644,267],{"class":255},[60,57646,575],{"class":259},[60,57648,256],{"class":255},[60,57650,101],{"class":74},[60,57652,57653,57655,57657,57659,57661,57663,57665,57667,57669,57671,57673],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,57654,135],{"class":134},[60,57656,122],{"class":74},[60,57658,605],{"class":118},[60,57660,115],{"class":74},[60,57662,119],{"class":118},[60,57664,122],{"class":74},[60,57666,256],{"class":255},[60,57668,575],{"class":259},[60,57670,256],{"class":255},[60,57672,446],{"class":74},[60,57674,622],{"class":146},[60,57676,57677,57679,57681,57683,57685,57687,57689,57691,57693,57695,57697],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,57678,135],{"class":134},[60,57680,122],{"class":74},[60,57682,605],{"class":118},[60,57684,115],{"class":74},[60,57686,119],{"class":118},[60,57688,122],{"class":74},[60,57690,256],{"class":255},[60,57692,584],{"class":259},[60,57694,256],{"class":255},[60,57696,446],{"class":74},[60,57698,647],{"class":146},[20,57700,57701,544,57703,656],{},[15,57702,652],{},[15,57704,655],{},[553,57706,57707,544,57709,664],{"id":659},[15,57708,79],{},[15,57710,547],{},[51,57712,57713],{"className":53,"code":667,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,57714,57715,57739,57759],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,57716,57717,57719,57721,57723,57725,57727,57729,57731,57733,57735,57737],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,57718,674],{"class":66},[60,57720,71],{"class":70},[60,57722,75],{"class":74},[60,57724,79],{"class":78},[60,57726,82],{"class":74},[60,57728,686],{"class":685},[60,57730,82],{"class":74},[60,57732,85],{"class":78},[60,57734,82],{"class":74},[60,57736,695],{"class":78},[60,57738,101],{"class":74},[60,57740,57741,57743,57745,57747,57749,57751,57753,57755,57757],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,57742,135],{"class":134},[60,57744,122],{"class":74},[60,57746,706],{"class":118},[60,57748,115],{"class":74},[60,57750,119],{"class":118},[60,57752,122],{"class":74},[60,57754,79],{"class":78},[60,57756,446],{"class":74},[60,57758,719],{"class":146},[60,57760,57761,57763,57765,57767,57769,57771,57773,57775,57777],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,57762,135],{"class":134},[60,57764,122],{"class":74},[60,57766,706],{"class":118},[60,57768,115],{"class":74},[60,57770,119],{"class":118},[60,57772,122],{"class":74},[60,57774,547],{"class":685},[60,57776,446],{"class":74},[60,57778,147],{"class":146},[20,57780,742],{},[20,57782,745],{},[30,57784,57785,57789],{},[33,57786,57787],{},[15,57788,752],{},[33,57790,57791],{},[15,57792,757],{},[20,57794,760,57795,763],{},[15,57796,17],{},[553,57798,767],{"id":766},[51,57800,57801],{"className":53,"code":770,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,57802,57803,57845],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,57804,57805,57807,57809,57811,57813,57815,57817,57819,57821,57823,57825,57827,57829,57831,57833,57835,57837,57839,57841,57843],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,57806,777],{"class":66},[60,57808,71],{"class":70},[60,57810,782],{"class":74},[60,57812,79],{"class":78},[60,57814,82],{"class":74},[60,57816,85],{"class":78},[60,57818,791],{"class":74},[60,57820,75],{"class":74},[60,57822,189],{"class":78},[60,57824,82],{"class":74},[60,57826,800],{"class":78},[60,57828,791],{"class":74},[60,57830,75],{"class":74},[60,57832,79],{"class":78},[60,57834,82],{"class":74},[60,57836,85],{"class":78},[60,57838,791],{"class":74},[60,57840,75],{"class":74},[60,57842,79],{"class":78},[60,57844,819],{"class":74},[60,57846,57847,57849,57851,57853,57855,57857,57859,57861,57863,57865,57867],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,57848,135],{"class":134},[60,57850,122],{"class":74},[60,57852,828],{"class":118},[60,57854,115],{"class":74},[60,57856,119],{"class":118},[60,57858,835],{"class":74},[60,57860,79],{"class":78},[60,57862,82],{"class":74},[60,57864,85],{"class":78},[60,57866,844],{"class":74},[60,57868,622],{"class":146},[20,57870,849],{},[46,57872,853],{"id":852},[553,57874,857],{"id":856},[51,57876,57877],{"className":53,"code":860,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,57878,57879,57907,57925,57929],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,57880,57881,57883,57885,57887,57889,57891,57893,57895,57897,57899,57901,57903,57905],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,57882,67],{"class":66},[60,57884,71],{"class":70},[60,57886,75],{"class":74},[60,57888,873],{"class":78},[60,57890,82],{"class":74},[60,57892,878],{"class":78},[60,57894,82],{"class":74},[60,57896,883],{"class":78},[60,57898,82],{"class":74},[60,57900,888],{"class":78},[60,57902,82],{"class":74},[60,57904,883],{"class":78},[60,57906,101],{"class":74},[60,57908,57909,57911,57913,57915,57917,57919,57921,57923],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,57910,107],{"class":66},[60,57912,71],{"class":70},[60,57914,112],{"class":66},[60,57916,115],{"class":74},[60,57918,119],{"class":118},[60,57920,122],{"class":74},[60,57922,873],{"class":78},[60,57924,128],{"class":74},[60,57926,57927],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,57928,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,57930,57931,57933,57935,57937],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,57932,135],{"class":134},[60,57934,122],{"class":74},[60,57936,140],{"class":118},[60,57938,128],{"class":74},[20,57940,318],{},[51,57942,57943],{"className":53,"code":931,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,57944,57945],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,57946,57947],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,57948,931],{"class":78},[553,57950,941],{"id":940},[51,57952,57953],{"className":53,"code":944,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,57954,57955,57995,58017,58021],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,57956,57957,57959,57961,57963,57965,57967,57969,57971,57973,57975,57977,57979,57981,57983,57985,57987,57989,57991,57993],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,57958,566],{"class":66},[60,57960,71],{"class":70},[60,57962,75],{"class":74},[60,57964,256],{"class":255},[60,57966,959],{"class":259},[60,57968,256],{"class":255},[60,57970,82],{"class":74},[60,57972,267],{"class":255},[60,57974,968],{"class":259},[60,57976,256],{"class":255},[60,57978,82],{"class":74},[60,57980,267],{"class":255},[60,57982,959],{"class":259},[60,57984,256],{"class":255},[60,57986,82],{"class":74},[60,57988,267],{"class":255},[60,57990,985],{"class":259},[60,57992,256],{"class":255},[60,57994,101],{"class":74},[60,57996,57997,57999,58001,58003,58005,58007,58009,58011,58013,58015],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,57998,107],{"class":66},[60,58000,71],{"class":70},[60,58002,998],{"class":66},[60,58004,115],{"class":74},[60,58006,119],{"class":118},[60,58008,122],{"class":74},[60,58010,256],{"class":255},[60,58012,959],{"class":259},[60,58014,256],{"class":255},[60,58016,128],{"class":74},[60,58018,58019],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,58020,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,58022,58023,58025,58027,58029],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,58024,135],{"class":134},[60,58026,122],{"class":74},[60,58028,140],{"class":118},[60,58030,128],{"class":74},[20,58032,318],{},[51,58034,58035],{"className":53,"code":321,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,58036,58037],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,58038,58039],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,58040,321],{"class":78},[553,58042,1040],{"id":1039},[51,58044,58045],{"className":53,"code":1043,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,58046,58047,58071,58089,58093],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,58048,58049,58051,58053,58055,58057,58059,58061,58063,58065,58067,58069],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,58050,67],{"class":66},[60,58052,71],{"class":70},[60,58054,75],{"class":74},[60,58056,79],{"class":78},[60,58058,82],{"class":74},[60,58060,85],{"class":78},[60,58062,82],{"class":74},[60,58064,94],{"class":78},[60,58066,82],{"class":74},[60,58068,800],{"class":78},[60,58070,101],{"class":74},[60,58072,58073,58075,58077,58079,58081,58083,58085,58087],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,58074,107],{"class":66},[60,58076,71],{"class":70},[60,58078,112],{"class":66},[60,58080,115],{"class":74},[60,58082,119],{"class":118},[60,58084,122],{"class":74},[60,58086,1086],{"class":78},[60,58088,128],{"class":74},[60,58090,58091],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,58092,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,58094,58095,58097,58099,58101],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,58096,135],{"class":134},[60,58098,122],{"class":74},[60,58100,140],{"class":118},[60,58102,128],{"class":74},[20,58104,318],{},[51,58106,58107],{"className":53,"code":1107,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,58108,58109],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,58110,58111],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,58112,1107],{"class":78},[553,58114,1117],{"id":1116},[51,58116,58117],{"className":53,"code":1120,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,58118,58119,58165,58187,58191],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,58120,58121,58123,58125,58127,58129,58131,58133,58135,58137,58139,58141,58143,58145,58147,58149,58151,58153,58155,58157,58159,58161,58163],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,58122,1127],{"class":66},[60,58124,71],{"class":70},[60,58126,782],{"class":74},[60,58128,79],{"class":78},[60,58130,82],{"class":74},[60,58132,85],{"class":78},[60,58134,791],{"class":74},[60,58136,75],{"class":74},[60,58138,79],{"class":78},[60,58140,82],{"class":74},[60,58142,85],{"class":78},[60,58144,791],{"class":74},[60,58146,75],{"class":74},[60,58148,125],{"class":78},[60,58150,82],{"class":74},[60,58152,94],{"class":78},[60,58154,791],{"class":74},[60,58156,75],{"class":74},[60,58158,79],{"class":78},[60,58160,82],{"class":74},[60,58162,85],{"class":78},[60,58164,819],{"class":74},[60,58166,58167,58169,58171,58173,58175,58177,58179,58181,58183,58185],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,58168,107],{"class":66},[60,58170,71],{"class":70},[60,58172,1178],{"class":66},[60,58174,115],{"class":74},[60,58176,119],{"class":118},[60,58178,835],{"class":74},[60,58180,79],{"class":78},[60,58182,82],{"class":74},[60,58184,85],{"class":78},[60,58186,1193],{"class":74},[60,58188,58189],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,58190,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,58192,58193,58195,58197,58199],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,58194,135],{"class":134},[60,58196,122],{"class":74},[60,58198,140],{"class":118},[60,58200,128],{"class":74},[20,58202,318],{},[51,58204,58205],{"className":53,"code":931,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,58206,58207],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,58208,58209],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,58210,931],{"class":78},[46,58212,1221,58213],{"id":1220},[15,58214,17],{},[20,58216,150,58217,1228],{},[15,58218,17],{},[20,58220,1231],{},[30,58222,58223,58225,58227],{},[33,58224,1236],{},[33,58226,1239],{},[33,58228,1242],{},[20,58230,238],{},[51,58232,58233],{"className":53,"code":1247,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,58234,58235,58275,58297,58301],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,58236,58237,58239,58241,58243,58245,58247,58249,58251,58253,58255,58257,58259,58261,58263,58265,58267,58269,58271,58273],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,58238,1254],{"class":66},[60,58240,71],{"class":70},[60,58242,75],{"class":74},[60,58244,256],{"class":255},[60,58246,1263],{"class":259},[60,58248,256],{"class":255},[60,58250,82],{"class":74},[60,58252,267],{"class":255},[60,58254,1272],{"class":259},[60,58256,256],{"class":255},[60,58258,82],{"class":74},[60,58260,267],{"class":255},[60,58262,1263],{"class":259},[60,58264,256],{"class":255},[60,58266,82],{"class":74},[60,58268,267],{"class":255},[60,58270,1263],{"class":259},[60,58272,256],{"class":255},[60,58274,101],{"class":74},[60,58276,58277,58279,58281,58283,58285,58287,58289,58291,58293,58295],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,58278,1297],{"class":66},[60,58280,71],{"class":70},[60,58282,1302],{"class":66},[60,58284,115],{"class":74},[60,58286,119],{"class":118},[60,58288,122],{"class":74},[60,58290,256],{"class":255},[60,58292,1263],{"class":259},[60,58294,256],{"class":255},[60,58296,128],{"class":74},[60,58298,58299],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,58300,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,58302,58303,58305,58307,58309],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,58304,135],{"class":134},[60,58306,122],{"class":74},[60,58308,1329],{"class":118},[60,58310,128],{"class":74},[20,58312,58313,1336],{},[15,58314,17],{},[20,58316,1339,58317,544,58319,115],{},[260,58318,1343],{"href":1342},[260,58320,1347],{"href":1346},[46,58322,1351],{"id":1350},[20,58324,1354,58325,115],{},[15,58326,24],{},[553,58328,1360],{"id":1359},[20,58330,58331,1365],{},[15,58332,24],{},[51,58334,58335],{"className":53,"code":1368,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,58336,58337,58369],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,58338,58339,58341,58343,58345,58347,58349,58351,58353,58355,58357,58359,58361,58363,58365,58367],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,58340,566],{"class":66},[60,58342,71],{"class":70},[60,58344,75],{"class":74},[60,58346,256],{"class":255},[60,58348,1383],{"class":259},[60,58350,256],{"class":255},[60,58352,82],{"class":74},[60,58354,267],{"class":255},[60,58356,1392],{"class":259},[60,58358,256],{"class":255},[60,58360,82],{"class":74},[60,58362,267],{"class":255},[60,58364,1383],{"class":259},[60,58366,256],{"class":255},[60,58368,101],{"class":74},[60,58370,58371,58373,58375,58377,58379,58381,58383,58385,58387,58389,58391],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,58372,135],{"class":134},[60,58374,122],{"class":74},[60,58376,605],{"class":118},[60,58378,115],{"class":74},[60,58380,119],{"class":118},[60,58382,122],{"class":74},[60,58384,256],{"class":255},[60,58386,575],{"class":259},[60,58388,256],{"class":255},[60,58390,446],{"class":74},[60,58392,1429],{"class":146},[20,58394,1432,58395,1435],{},[15,58396,195],{},[20,58398,1438,58399,1441,58401,115],{},[15,58400,652],{},[15,58402,1444],{},[20,58404,1447,58405,115],{},[15,58406,1450],{},[553,58408,1454,58409,1457,58411,1460,58413],{"id":1453},[15,58410,17],{},[15,58412,547],{},[15,58414,1463],{},[20,58416,58417,1468],{},[15,58418,17],{},[51,58420,58421],{"className":53,"code":1471,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,58422,58423,58447],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,58424,58425,58427,58429,58431,58433,58435,58437,58439,58441,58443,58445],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,58426,67],{"class":66},[60,58428,71],{"class":70},[60,58430,75],{"class":74},[60,58432,79],{"class":78},[60,58434,82],{"class":74},[60,58436,85],{"class":78},[60,58438,82],{"class":74},[60,58440,85],{"class":78},[60,58442,82],{"class":74},[60,58444,94],{"class":78},[60,58446,101],{"class":74},[60,58448,58449,58451,58453,58455,58457,58459,58461,58463,58465],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,58450,135],{"class":134},[60,58452,122],{"class":74},[60,58454,1506],{"class":118},[60,58456,115],{"class":74},[60,58458,119],{"class":118},[60,58460,122],{"class":74},[60,58462,125],{"class":78},[60,58464,446],{"class":74},[60,58466,622],{"class":146},[20,58468,1521],{},[51,58470,58471],{"className":53,"code":1524,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,58472,58473],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,58474,58475,58477,58479,58481,58483,58485,58487],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,58476,135],{"class":134},[60,58478,122],{"class":74},[60,58480,125],{"class":78},[60,58482,1538],{"class":1537},[60,58484,112],{"class":118},[60,58486,143],{"class":74},[60,58488,1545],{"class":146},[553,58490,1549],{"id":1548},[51,58492,58493],{"className":53,"code":1552,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,58494,58495,58527],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,58496,58497,58499,58501,58503,58505,58507,58509,58511,58513,58515,58517,58519,58521,58523,58525],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,58498,1559],{"class":66},[60,58500,71],{"class":70},[60,58502,75],{"class":74},[60,58504,256],{"class":255},[60,58506,1568],{"class":259},[60,58508,256],{"class":255},[60,58510,82],{"class":74},[60,58512,267],{"class":255},[60,58514,1577],{"class":259},[60,58516,256],{"class":255},[60,58518,82],{"class":74},[60,58520,267],{"class":255},[60,58522,1586],{"class":259},[60,58524,256],{"class":255},[60,58526,101],{"class":74},[60,58528,58529,58531,58533,58535,58537,58539,58541,58543,58545,58547,58549],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,58530,135],{"class":134},[60,58532,122],{"class":74},[60,58534,1599],{"class":118},[60,58536,115],{"class":74},[60,58538,119],{"class":118},[60,58540,122],{"class":74},[60,58542,256],{"class":255},[60,58544,1577],{"class":259},[60,58546,256],{"class":255},[60,58548,446],{"class":74},[60,58550,647],{"class":146},[20,58552,1618,58553,1622],{},[15,58554,1621],{},[553,58556,1626,58557,1629],{"id":1625},[15,58558,17],{},[20,58560,1632],{},[51,58562,58563],{"className":53,"code":1635,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,58564,58565,58575,58589,58607,58621,58633],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,58566,58567,58569,58571,58573],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,58568,135],{"class":134},[60,58570,122],{"class":74},[60,58572,212],{"class":118},[60,58574,128],{"class":74},[60,58576,58577,58579,58581,58583,58585,58587],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,58578,135],{"class":134},[60,58580,122],{"class":74},[60,58582,1657],{"class":1656},[60,58584,122],{"class":74},[60,58586,212],{"class":118},[60,58588,315],{"class":74},[60,58590,58591,58593,58595,58597,58599,58601,58603,58605],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,58592,135],{"class":134},[60,58594,122],{"class":74},[60,58596,212],{"class":118},[60,58598,115],{"class":74},[60,58600,119],{"class":118},[60,58602,122],{"class":74},[60,58604,221],{"class":118},[60,58606,315],{"class":74},[60,58608,58609,58611,58613,58615,58617,58619],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,58610,135],{"class":134},[60,58612,122],{"class":74},[60,58614,1690],{"class":118},[60,58616,511],{"class":1537},[60,58618,1695],{"class":118},[60,58620,128],{"class":74},[60,58622,58623,58625,58627,58629,58631],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,58624,1702],{"class":1537},[60,58626,1705],{"class":66},[60,58628,511],{"class":1537},[60,58630,1695],{"class":66},[60,58632,1712],{"class":74},[60,58634,58635,58637,58639,58641,58643,58645],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,58636,1718],{"class":134},[60,58638,122],{"class":74},[60,58640,1723],{"class":134},[60,58642,122],{"class":74},[60,58644,1728],{"class":118},[60,58646,315],{"class":74},[20,58648,1733],{},[30,58650,58651,58653,58655],{},[33,58652,1738],{},[33,58654,1741],{},[33,58656,1744],{},[20,58658,1747],{},[30,58660,58661,58665,58667,58673],{},[33,58662,1752,58663,1755],{},[15,58664,17],{},[33,58666,1758],{},[33,58668,1761,58669,1764,58671],{},[15,58670,24],{},[15,58672,17],{},[33,58674,1769],{},[46,58676,1773],{"id":1772},[553,58678,1777,58679,1780],{"id":1776},[15,58680,24],{},[20,58682,1783],{},[553,58684,1787],{"id":1786},[20,58686,1790,58687,115],{},[15,58688,195],{},[553,58690,1796,58691,1799],{"id":1795},[15,58692,24],{},[20,58694,1802],{},[553,58696,1806,58697,1809],{"id":1805},[15,58698,24],{},[20,58700,1812,58701,544,58703,1817],{},[15,58702,655],{},[15,58704,652],{},[553,58706,1821,58707,1824,58709,1435],{"id":1820},[15,58708,547],{},[15,58710,79],{},[20,58712,1829,58713,1832,58715,544,58717,1832,58719,115],{},[15,58714,547],{},[15,58716,79],{},[15,58718,1463],{},[15,58720,195],{},[46,58722,1842],{"id":1841},[30,58724,58725,58729,58733,58737,58743,58749],{},[33,58726,58727],{},[260,58728,1343],{"href":1342},[33,58730,58731],{},[260,58732,1854],{"href":1853},[33,58734,58735],{},[260,58736,1859],{"href":515},[33,58738,58739],{},[260,58740,1865,58741,1869],{"href":1864},[15,58742,1868],{},[33,58744,58745],{},[260,58746,1875,58747],{"href":1874},[15,58748,1878],{},[33,58750,58751],{},[260,58752,1883],{"href":1346},[1885,58754,1887],{},{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":58756},[58757,58758,58759,58760,58761,58766,58772,58773,58779,58786],{"id":48,"depth":104,"text":49},{"id":157,"depth":104,"text":1892},{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199},{"id":335,"depth":104,"text":336},{"id":519,"depth":104,"text":520,"children":58762},[58763,58764,58765],{"id":555,"depth":131,"text":556},{"id":659,"depth":131,"text":1899},{"id":766,"depth":131,"text":767},{"id":852,"depth":104,"text":853,"children":58767},[58768,58769,58770,58771],{"id":856,"depth":131,"text":857},{"id":940,"depth":131,"text":941},{"id":1039,"depth":131,"text":1040},{"id":1116,"depth":131,"text":1117},{"id":1220,"depth":104,"text":1908},{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351,"children":58774},[58775,58776,58777,58778],{"id":1359,"depth":131,"text":1360},{"id":1453,"depth":131,"text":1913},{"id":1548,"depth":131,"text":1549},{"id":1625,"depth":131,"text":1916},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":58780},[58781,58782,58783,58784,58785],{"id":1776,"depth":131,"text":1920},{"id":1786,"depth":131,"text":1787},{"id":1795,"depth":131,"text":1923},{"id":1805,"depth":131,"text":1925},{"id":1820,"depth":131,"text":1927},{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},{},{"title":5,"description":1929},{"id":58790,"title":58791,"body":58792,"description":60755,"extension":1930,"meta":60756,"navigation":421,"path":60757,"seo":60758,"stem":60759,"__hash__":60760},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":58793,"toc":60718},[58794,58797,58800,58802,58930,58934,59015,59026,59028,59047,59051,59054,59057,59075,59077,59120,59124,59149,59158,59162,59167,59170,59287,59291,59360,59364,59376,59380,59383,59424,59428,59441,59444,59529,59533,59566,59573,59579,59584,59586,59598,59602,59635,59639,59671,59675,59712,59716,59736,59740,59774,59778,59807,59818,59822,59825,59828,59841,59898,59902,59941,59947,59950,59952,59955,59959,59962,59987,59989,60014,60021,60024,60069,60073,60092,60095,60134,60141,60146,60180,60184,60285,60292,60325,60329,60355,60359,60362,60400,60403,60440,60444,60447,60466,60470,60531,60533,60551,60555,60558,60561,60590,60592,60596,60599,60607,60611,60614,60634,60640,60646,60650,60653,60660,60668,60670,60709,60715],[10,58795,58791],{"id":58796},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,58798,58799],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[46,58801,49],{"id":48},[51,58803,58805],{"className":53,"code":58804,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,58806,58807,58827,58859,58867,58885,58889,58899,58909,58920],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,58808,58809,58811,58813,58815,58817,58819,58821,58823,58825],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,58810,67],{"class":66},[60,58812,71],{"class":70},[60,58814,75],{"class":74},[60,58816,79],{"class":78},[60,58818,82],{"class":74},[60,58820,85],{"class":78},[60,58822,82],{"class":74},[60,58824,94],{"class":78},[60,58826,101],{"class":74},[60,58828,58829,58831,58833,58835,58837,58839,58841,58843,58845,58847,58849,58851,58853,58855,58857],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,58830,1559],{"class":66},[60,58832,71],{"class":70},[60,58834,75],{"class":74},[60,58836,256],{"class":255},[60,58838,12817],{"class":259},[60,58840,256],{"class":255},[60,58842,82],{"class":74},[60,58844,267],{"class":255},[60,58846,35876],{"class":259},[60,58848,256],{"class":255},[60,58850,82],{"class":74},[60,58852,267],{"class":255},[60,58854,35885],{"class":259},[60,58856,256],{"class":255},[60,58858,101],{"class":74},[60,58860,58861,58863,58865],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,58862,55853],{"class":66},[60,58864,71],{"class":70},[60,58866,7778],{"class":74},[60,58868,58869,58871,58873,58875,58877,58879,58881,58883],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,58870,248],{"class":66},[60,58872,71],{"class":70},[60,58874,22492],{"class":1656},[60,58876,122],{"class":74},[60,58878,256],{"class":255},[60,58880,41494],{"class":259},[60,58882,256],{"class":255},[60,58884,128],{"class":74},[60,58886,58887],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,58888,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,58890,58891,58893,58895,58897],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,58892,135],{"class":134},[60,58894,122],{"class":74},[60,58896,1506],{"class":118},[60,58898,128],{"class":74},[60,58900,58901,58903,58905,58907],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,58902,135],{"class":134},[60,58904,122],{"class":74},[60,58906,1599],{"class":118},[60,58908,128],{"class":74},[60,58910,58911,58913,58915,58918],{"class":62,"line":6367},[60,58912,135],{"class":134},[60,58914,122],{"class":74},[60,58916,58917],{"class":118},"empty_list",[60,58919,128],{"class":74},[60,58921,58922,58924,58926,58928],{"class":62,"line":6373},[60,58923,135],{"class":134},[60,58925,122],{"class":74},[60,58927,300],{"class":118},[60,58929,128],{"class":74},[20,58931,58932],{},[3698,58933,318],{},[51,58935,58937],{"className":53,"code":58936,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,58938,58939,58955,58983,58987],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,58940,58941,58943,58945,58947,58949,58951,58953],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,58942,3854],{"class":74},[60,58944,79],{"class":78},[60,58946,82],{"class":74},[60,58948,85],{"class":78},[60,58950,82],{"class":74},[60,58952,94],{"class":78},[60,58954,101],{"class":74},[60,58956,58957,58959,58961,58963,58965,58967,58969,58971,58973,58975,58977,58979,58981],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,58958,3854],{"class":74},[60,58960,3261],{"class":255},[60,58962,12817],{"class":259},[60,58964,3261],{"class":255},[60,58966,82],{"class":74},[60,58968,3256],{"class":255},[60,58970,35876],{"class":259},[60,58972,3261],{"class":255},[60,58974,82],{"class":74},[60,58976,3256],{"class":255},[60,58978,35885],{"class":259},[60,58980,3261],{"class":255},[60,58982,101],{"class":74},[60,58984,58985],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,58986,38230],{"class":74},[60,58988,58989,58991,58993,58995,58997,58999,59001,59003,59005,59007,59009,59011,59013],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,58990,3854],{"class":74},[60,58992,3261],{"class":255},[60,58994,260],{"class":259},[60,58996,3261],{"class":255},[60,58998,82],{"class":74},[60,59000,3256],{"class":255},[60,59002,270],{"class":259},[60,59004,3261],{"class":255},[60,59006,82],{"class":74},[60,59008,3256],{"class":255},[60,59010,287],{"class":259},[60,59012,3261],{"class":255},[60,59014,101],{"class":74},[20,59016,59017,59018,59020,59021,59023,59024,115],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,59019,3743],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,59022,24713],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,59025,36132],{},[46,59027,15097],{"id":15096},[30,59029,59030,59033,59036,59039,59044],{},[33,59031,59032],{},"What a list is in Python",[33,59034,59035],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[33,59037,59038],{},"How to create an empty list",[33,59040,59041,59042,2267],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,59043,24713],{},[33,59045,59046],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[46,59048,59050],{"id":59049},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,59052,59053],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,59055,59056],{},"This means:",[30,59058,59059,59062,59065,59068],{},[33,59060,59061],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[33,59063,59064],{},"The order of items is kept",[33,59066,59067],{},"A list can hold different data types",[33,59069,59070,59071,59074],{},"A list is ",[3698,59072,59073],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,59076,238],{},[51,59078,59080],{"className":53,"code":59079,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,59081,59082,59106,59110],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,59083,59084,59086,59088,59090,59092,59094,59096,59098,59100,59102,59104],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,59085,777],{"class":66},[60,59087,71],{"class":70},[60,59089,75],{"class":74},[60,59091,256],{"class":255},[60,59093,575],{"class":259},[60,59095,256],{"class":255},[60,59097,82],{"class":74},[60,59099,883],{"class":78},[60,59101,82],{"class":74},[60,59103,686],{"class":685},[60,59105,101],{"class":74},[60,59107,59108],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,59109,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,59111,59112,59114,59116,59118],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,59113,135],{"class":134},[60,59115,122],{"class":74},[60,59117,828],{"class":118},[60,59119,128],{"class":74},[20,59121,59122],{},[3698,59123,318],{},[51,59125,59127],{"className":53,"code":59126,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,59128,59129],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,59130,59131,59133,59135,59137,59139,59141,59143,59145,59147],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,59132,3854],{"class":74},[60,59134,3261],{"class":255},[60,59136,575],{"class":259},[60,59138,3261],{"class":255},[60,59140,82],{"class":74},[60,59142,883],{"class":78},[60,59144,82],{"class":74},[60,59146,686],{"class":685},[60,59148,101],{"class":74},[20,59150,59151,59152,1460,59155,115],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[260,59153,59154],{"href":1342},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[260,59156,59157],{"href":1346},"What is a List in Python?",[46,59159,59161],{"id":59160},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,59163,59017,59164,59166],{},[15,59165,3743],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,59168,59169],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[51,59171,59173],{"className":53,"code":59172,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,59174,59175,59195,59227,59252,59256,59266,59276],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,59176,59177,59179,59181,59183,59185,59187,59189,59191,59193],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,59178,67],{"class":66},[60,59180,71],{"class":70},[60,59182,75],{"class":74},[60,59184,79],{"class":78},[60,59186,82],{"class":74},[60,59188,85],{"class":78},[60,59190,82],{"class":74},[60,59192,94],{"class":78},[60,59194,101],{"class":74},[60,59196,59197,59199,59201,59203,59205,59207,59209,59211,59213,59215,59217,59219,59221,59223,59225],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,59198,1559],{"class":66},[60,59200,71],{"class":70},[60,59202,75],{"class":74},[60,59204,256],{"class":255},[60,59206,12817],{"class":259},[60,59208,256],{"class":255},[60,59210,82],{"class":74},[60,59212,267],{"class":255},[60,59214,35876],{"class":259},[60,59216,256],{"class":255},[60,59218,82],{"class":74},[60,59220,267],{"class":255},[60,59222,35885],{"class":259},[60,59224,256],{"class":255},[60,59226,101],{"class":74},[60,59228,59229,59232,59234,59236,59238,59240,59242,59244,59246,59248,59250],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,59230,59231],{"class":66},"mixed ",[60,59233,71],{"class":70},[60,59235,75],{"class":74},[60,59237,873],{"class":78},[60,59239,82],{"class":74},[60,59241,267],{"class":255},[60,59243,3801],{"class":259},[60,59245,256],{"class":255},[60,59247,82],{"class":74},[60,59249,3861],{"class":685},[60,59251,101],{"class":74},[60,59253,59254],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,59255,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,59257,59258,59260,59262,59264],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,59259,135],{"class":134},[60,59261,122],{"class":74},[60,59263,1506],{"class":118},[60,59265,128],{"class":74},[60,59267,59268,59270,59272,59274],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,59269,135],{"class":134},[60,59271,122],{"class":74},[60,59273,1599],{"class":118},[60,59275,128],{"class":74},[60,59277,59278,59280,59282,59285],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,59279,135],{"class":134},[60,59281,122],{"class":74},[60,59283,59284],{"class":118},"mixed",[60,59286,128],{"class":74},[20,59288,59289],{},[3698,59290,318],{},[51,59292,59294],{"className":53,"code":59293,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,59295,59296,59312,59340],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,59297,59298,59300,59302,59304,59306,59308,59310],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,59299,3854],{"class":74},[60,59301,79],{"class":78},[60,59303,82],{"class":74},[60,59305,85],{"class":78},[60,59307,82],{"class":74},[60,59309,94],{"class":78},[60,59311,101],{"class":74},[60,59313,59314,59316,59318,59320,59322,59324,59326,59328,59330,59332,59334,59336,59338],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,59315,3854],{"class":74},[60,59317,3261],{"class":255},[60,59319,12817],{"class":259},[60,59321,3261],{"class":255},[60,59323,82],{"class":74},[60,59325,3256],{"class":255},[60,59327,35876],{"class":259},[60,59329,3261],{"class":255},[60,59331,82],{"class":74},[60,59333,3256],{"class":255},[60,59335,35885],{"class":259},[60,59337,3261],{"class":255},[60,59339,101],{"class":74},[60,59341,59342,59344,59346,59348,59350,59352,59354,59356,59358],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,59343,3854],{"class":74},[60,59345,873],{"class":78},[60,59347,82],{"class":74},[60,59349,3256],{"class":255},[60,59351,3801],{"class":259},[60,59353,3261],{"class":255},[60,59355,82],{"class":74},[60,59357,3861],{"class":685},[60,59359,101],{"class":74},[553,59361,59363],{"id":59362},"key-points","Key points",[30,59365,59366,59371,59373],{},[33,59367,150,59368,59370],{},[15,59369,3743],{}," to make a new list",[33,59372,15367],{},[33,59374,59375],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[46,59377,59379],{"id":59378},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,59381,59382],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[51,59384,59386],{"className":53,"code":59385,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,59387,59388,59396,59400,59410],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,59389,59390,59392,59394],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,59391,8248],{"class":66},[60,59393,71],{"class":70},[60,59395,7778],{"class":74},[60,59397,59398],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,59399,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,59401,59402,59404,59406,59408],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,59403,135],{"class":134},[60,59405,122],{"class":74},[60,59407,212],{"class":118},[60,59409,128],{"class":74},[60,59411,59412,59414,59416,59418,59420,59422],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,59413,135],{"class":134},[60,59415,122],{"class":74},[60,59417,11097],{"class":134},[60,59419,122],{"class":74},[60,59421,212],{"class":118},[60,59423,315],{"class":74},[20,59425,59426],{},[3698,59427,318],{},[51,59429,59431],{"className":53,"code":59430,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[]\n0\n",[15,59432,59433,59437],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,59434,59435],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,59436,38230],{"class":74},[60,59438,59439],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,59440,1107],{"class":78},[20,59442,59443],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[51,59445,59447],{"className":53,"code":59446,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59448,59449,59457,59461,59479,59497,59515,59519],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,59450,59451,59453,59455],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,59452,1559],{"class":66},[60,59454,71],{"class":70},[60,59456,7778],{"class":74},[60,59458,59459],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,59460,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,59462,59463,59465,59467,59469,59471,59473,59475,59477],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,59464,1599],{"class":66},[60,59466,115],{"class":74},[60,59468,13488],{"class":118},[60,59470,122],{"class":74},[60,59472,256],{"class":255},[60,59474,12817],{"class":259},[60,59476,256],{"class":255},[60,59478,128],{"class":74},[60,59480,59481,59483,59485,59487,59489,59491,59493,59495],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,59482,1599],{"class":66},[60,59484,115],{"class":74},[60,59486,13488],{"class":118},[60,59488,122],{"class":74},[60,59490,256],{"class":255},[60,59492,35876],{"class":259},[60,59494,256],{"class":255},[60,59496,128],{"class":74},[60,59498,59499,59501,59503,59505,59507,59509,59511,59513],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,59500,1599],{"class":66},[60,59502,115],{"class":74},[60,59504,13488],{"class":118},[60,59506,122],{"class":74},[60,59508,256],{"class":255},[60,59510,35885],{"class":259},[60,59512,256],{"class":255},[60,59514,128],{"class":74},[60,59516,59517],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,59518,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,59520,59521,59523,59525,59527],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,59522,135],{"class":134},[60,59524,122],{"class":74},[60,59526,1599],{"class":118},[60,59528,128],{"class":74},[20,59530,59531],{},[3698,59532,318],{},[51,59534,59536],{"className":53,"code":59535,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,59537,59538],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,59539,59540,59542,59544,59546,59548,59550,59552,59554,59556,59558,59560,59562,59564],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,59541,3854],{"class":74},[60,59543,3261],{"class":255},[60,59545,12817],{"class":259},[60,59547,3261],{"class":255},[60,59549,82],{"class":74},[60,59551,3256],{"class":255},[60,59553,35876],{"class":259},[60,59555,3261],{"class":255},[60,59557,82],{"class":74},[60,59559,3256],{"class":255},[60,59561,35885],{"class":259},[60,59563,3261],{"class":255},[60,59565,101],{"class":74},[20,59567,59568,59569,115],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[260,59570,59571,1869],{"href":56690},[15,59572,52579],{},[46,59574,59576,59577],{"id":59575},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,59578,24713],{},[20,59580,150,59581,59583],{},[15,59582,24713],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,59585,5403],{},[30,59587,59588,59590,59592,59594],{},[33,59589,5256],{},[33,59591,5250],{},[33,59593,5253],{},[33,59595,59596],{},[15,59597,36132],{},[553,59599,59601],{"id":59600},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[51,59603,59605],{"className":53,"code":59604,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59606,59607,59625],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,59608,59609,59611,59613,59615,59617,59619,59621,59623],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,59610,248],{"class":66},[60,59612,71],{"class":70},[60,59614,22492],{"class":1656},[60,59616,122],{"class":74},[60,59618,256],{"class":255},[60,59620,41494],{"class":259},[60,59622,256],{"class":255},[60,59624,128],{"class":74},[60,59626,59627,59629,59631,59633],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,59628,135],{"class":134},[60,59630,122],{"class":74},[60,59632,300],{"class":118},[60,59634,128],{"class":74},[20,59636,59637],{},[3698,59638,318],{},[51,59640,59641],{"className":53,"code":42807,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,59642,59643],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,59644,59645,59647,59649,59651,59653,59655,59657,59659,59661,59663,59665,59667,59669],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,59646,3854],{"class":74},[60,59648,3261],{"class":255},[60,59650,260],{"class":259},[60,59652,3261],{"class":255},[60,59654,82],{"class":74},[60,59656,3256],{"class":255},[60,59658,270],{"class":259},[60,59660,3261],{"class":255},[60,59662,82],{"class":74},[60,59664,3256],{"class":255},[60,59666,287],{"class":259},[60,59668,3261],{"class":255},[60,59670,101],{"class":74},[553,59672,59674],{"id":59673},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[51,59676,59678],{"className":53,"code":59677,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,59679,59680,59702],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,59681,59682,59684,59686,59688,59690,59692,59694,59696,59698,59700],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,59683,67],{"class":66},[60,59685,71],{"class":70},[60,59687,22492],{"class":1656},[60,59689,5456],{"class":74},[60,59691,79],{"class":78},[60,59693,82],{"class":74},[60,59695,85],{"class":78},[60,59697,82],{"class":74},[60,59699,94],{"class":78},[60,59701,315],{"class":74},[60,59703,59704,59706,59708,59710],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,59705,135],{"class":134},[60,59707,122],{"class":74},[60,59709,1506],{"class":118},[60,59711,128],{"class":74},[20,59713,59714],{},[3698,59715,318],{},[51,59717,59718],{"className":53,"code":55073,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,59719,59720],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,59721,59722,59724,59726,59728,59730,59732,59734],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,59723,3854],{"class":74},[60,59725,79],{"class":78},[60,59727,82],{"class":74},[60,59729,85],{"class":78},[60,59731,82],{"class":74},[60,59733,94],{"class":78},[60,59735,101],{"class":74},[553,59737,59739],{"id":59738},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[51,59741,59743],{"className":53,"code":59742,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,59744,59745,59764],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,59746,59747,59749,59751,59753,59755,59758,59760,59762],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,59748,674],{"class":66},[60,59750,71],{"class":70},[60,59752,22492],{"class":1656},[60,59754,122],{"class":74},[60,59756,59757],{"class":134},"range",[60,59759,122],{"class":74},[60,59761,1086],{"class":78},[60,59763,315],{"class":74},[60,59765,59766,59768,59770,59772],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,59767,135],{"class":134},[60,59769,122],{"class":74},[60,59771,706],{"class":118},[60,59773,128],{"class":74},[20,59775,59776],{},[3698,59777,318],{},[51,59779,59781],{"className":53,"code":59780,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,59782,59783],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,59784,59785,59787,59789,59791,59793,59795,59797,59799,59801,59803,59805],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,59786,3854],{"class":74},[60,59788,195],{"class":78},[60,59790,82],{"class":74},[60,59792,695],{"class":78},[60,59794,82],{"class":74},[60,59796,85],{"class":78},[60,59798,82],{"class":74},[60,59800,94],{"class":78},[60,59802,82],{"class":74},[60,59804,800],{"class":78},[60,59806,101],{"class":74},[20,59808,59809,59811,59812,115],{},[15,59810,24713],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[260,59813,59815,59817],{"href":59814},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,59816,24713],{},": Function Explained",[46,59819,59821],{"id":59820},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,59823,59824],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,59826,59827],{},"Examples include:",[30,59829,59830,59832,59834,59836,59838],{},[33,59831,5256],{},[33,59833,40358],{},[33,59835,51972],{},[33,59837,40528],{},[33,59839,59840],{},"other lists",[51,59842,59844],{"className":53,"code":59843,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,59845,59846,59884,59888],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,59847,59848,59850,59852,59854,59856,59858,59860,59862,59864,59866,59868,59870,59872,59874,59876,59878,59880,59882],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,59849,1127],{"class":66},[60,59851,71],{"class":70},[60,59853,75],{"class":74},[60,59855,256],{"class":255},[60,59857,12817],{"class":259},[60,59859,256],{"class":255},[60,59861,82],{"class":74},[60,59863,9241],{"class":78},[60,59865,82],{"class":74},[60,59867,686],{"class":685},[60,59869,82],{"class":74},[60,59871,75],{"class":74},[60,59873,79],{"class":78},[60,59875,82],{"class":74},[60,59877,85],{"class":78},[60,59879,82],{"class":74},[60,59881,94],{"class":78},[60,59883,819],{"class":74},[60,59885,59886],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,59887,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,59889,59890,59892,59894,59896],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,59891,135],{"class":134},[60,59893,122],{"class":74},[60,59895,9139],{"class":118},[60,59897,128],{"class":74},[20,59899,59900],{},[3698,59901,318],{},[51,59903,59905],{"className":53,"code":59904,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,59906,59907],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,59908,59909,59911,59913,59915,59917,59919,59921,59923,59925,59927,59929,59931,59933,59935,59937,59939],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,59910,3854],{"class":74},[60,59912,3261],{"class":255},[60,59914,12817],{"class":259},[60,59916,3261],{"class":255},[60,59918,82],{"class":74},[60,59920,9241],{"class":78},[60,59922,82],{"class":74},[60,59924,686],{"class":685},[60,59926,82],{"class":74},[60,59928,75],{"class":74},[60,59930,79],{"class":78},[60,59932,82],{"class":74},[60,59934,85],{"class":78},[60,59936,82],{"class":74},[60,59938,94],{"class":78},[60,59940,819],{"class":74},[20,59942,59943,59944,115],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[3698,59945,59946],{},"nested list",[20,59948,59949],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[46,59951,4468],{"id":4467},[20,59953,59954],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[553,59956,59958],{"id":59957},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,59960,59961],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[51,59963,59965],{"className":53,"code":59964,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,59966,59967,59971],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,59968,59969],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,59970,4485],{"class":146},[60,59972,59973,59975,59977,59979,59981,59983,59985],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,59974,67],{"class":66},[60,59976,71],{"class":70},[60,59978,75],{"class":74},[60,59980,79],{"class":78},[60,59982,85],{"class":78},[60,59984,94],{"class":78},[60,59986,101],{"class":74},[20,59988,10743],{},[51,59990,59992],{"className":53,"code":59991,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,59993,59994],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,59995,59996,59998,60000,60002,60004,60006,60008,60010,60012],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,59997,67],{"class":66},[60,59999,71],{"class":70},[60,60001,75],{"class":74},[60,60003,79],{"class":78},[60,60005,82],{"class":74},[60,60007,85],{"class":78},[60,60009,82],{"class":74},[60,60011,94],{"class":78},[60,60013,101],{"class":74},[553,60015,8356,60017,11028,60019],{"id":60016},"using-instead-of",[15,60018,7308],{},[15,60020,3743],{},[20,60022,60023],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[51,60025,60027],{"className":53,"code":60026,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60028,60029,60050,60054],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,60030,60031,60034,60036,60038,60040,60042,60044,60046,60048],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,60032,60033],{"class":66},"my_values ",[60,60035,71],{"class":70},[60,60037,9171],{"class":74},[60,60039,79],{"class":78},[60,60041,82],{"class":74},[60,60043,85],{"class":78},[60,60045,82],{"class":74},[60,60047,94],{"class":78},[60,60049,128],{"class":74},[60,60051,60052],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,60053,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,60055,60056,60058,60060,60062,60064,60067],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,60057,135],{"class":134},[60,60059,122],{"class":74},[60,60061,1657],{"class":1656},[60,60063,122],{"class":74},[60,60065,60066],{"class":118},"my_values",[60,60068,315],{"class":74},[20,60070,60071],{},[3698,60072,318],{},[51,60074,60076],{"className":53,"code":60075,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,60077,60078],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,60079,60080,60082,60084,60086,60088,60090],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,60081,3250],{"class":70},[60,60083,3253],{"class":2033},[60,60085,3256],{"class":255},[60,60087,48884],{"class":259},[60,60089,3261],{"class":255},[60,60091,3264],{"class":70},[20,60093,60094],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[51,60096,60098],{"className":53,"code":60097,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60099,60100,60120],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,60101,60102,60104,60106,60108,60110,60112,60114,60116,60118],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,60103,60033],{"class":66},[60,60105,71],{"class":70},[60,60107,75],{"class":74},[60,60109,79],{"class":78},[60,60111,82],{"class":74},[60,60113,85],{"class":78},[60,60115,82],{"class":74},[60,60117,94],{"class":78},[60,60119,101],{"class":74},[60,60121,60122,60124,60126,60128,60130,60132],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,60123,135],{"class":134},[60,60125,122],{"class":74},[60,60127,1657],{"class":1656},[60,60129,122],{"class":74},[60,60131,60066],{"class":118},[60,60133,315],{"class":74},[553,60135,1454,60137,60140],{"id":60136},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,60138,60139],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,60142,60143,60145],{},[15,60144,24713],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[51,60147,60149],{"className":53,"code":60148,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,60150,60151,60170],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,60152,60153,60155,60157,60159,60161,60163,60166,60168],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,60154,107],{"class":66},[60,60156,71],{"class":70},[60,60158,22492],{"class":1656},[60,60160,122],{"class":74},[60,60162,256],{"class":255},[60,60164,60165],{"class":259},"hello world",[60,60167,256],{"class":255},[60,60169,128],{"class":74},[60,60171,60172,60174,60176,60178],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,60173,135],{"class":134},[60,60175,122],{"class":74},[60,60177,140],{"class":118},[60,60179,128],{"class":74},[20,60181,60182],{},[3698,60183,318],{},[51,60185,60187],{"className":53,"code":60186,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,60188,60189],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,60190,60191,60193,60195,60198,60200,60202,60204,60207,60209,60211,60213,60216,60218,60220,60222,60224,60226,60228,60230,60233,60235,60237,60239,60241,60243,60245,60248,60250,60252,60254,60256,60258,60260,60262,60265,60267,60269,60271,60273,60275,60277,60279,60281,60283],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,60192,3854],{"class":74},[60,60194,3261],{"class":255},[60,60196,60197],{"class":259},"h",[60,60199,3261],{"class":255},[60,60201,82],{"class":74},[60,60203,3256],{"class":255},[60,60205,60206],{"class":259},"e",[60,60208,3261],{"class":255},[60,60210,82],{"class":74},[60,60212,3256],{"class":255},[60,60214,60215],{"class":259},"l",[60,60217,3261],{"class":255},[60,60219,82],{"class":74},[60,60221,3256],{"class":255},[60,60223,60215],{"class":259},[60,60225,3261],{"class":255},[60,60227,82],{"class":74},[60,60229,3256],{"class":255},[60,60231,60232],{"class":259},"o",[60,60234,3261],{"class":255},[60,60236,82],{"class":74},[60,60238,3256],{"class":255},[60,60240,3256],{"class":255},[60,60242,82],{"class":74},[60,60244,3256],{"class":255},[60,60246,60247],{"class":259},"w",[60,60249,3261],{"class":255},[60,60251,82],{"class":74},[60,60253,3256],{"class":255},[60,60255,60232],{"class":259},[60,60257,3261],{"class":255},[60,60259,82],{"class":74},[60,60261,3256],{"class":255},[60,60263,60264],{"class":259},"r",[60,60266,3261],{"class":255},[60,60268,82],{"class":74},[60,60270,3256],{"class":255},[60,60272,60215],{"class":259},[60,60274,3261],{"class":255},[60,60276,82],{"class":74},[60,60278,3256],{"class":255},[60,60280,18701],{"class":259},[60,60282,3261],{"class":255},[60,60284,101],{"class":74},[20,60286,60287,60288,60291],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,60289,60290],{},"split()"," instead:",[51,60293,60295],{"className":53,"code":60294,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,60296,60297,60315],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,60298,60299,60301,60303,60305,60307,60309,60311,60313],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,60300,566],{"class":66},[60,60302,71],{"class":70},[60,60304,267],{"class":255},[60,60306,60165],{"class":259},[60,60308,256],{"class":255},[60,60310,115],{"class":74},[60,60312,34402],{"class":118},[60,60314,8579],{"class":74},[60,60316,60317,60319,60321,60323],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,60318,135],{"class":134},[60,60320,122],{"class":74},[60,60322,605],{"class":118},[60,60324,128],{"class":74},[20,60326,60327],{},[3698,60328,318],{},[51,60330,60332],{"className":53,"code":60331,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,60333,60334],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,60335,60336,60338,60340,60342,60344,60346,60348,60351,60353],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,60337,3854],{"class":74},[60,60339,3261],{"class":255},[60,60341,3801],{"class":259},[60,60343,3261],{"class":255},[60,60345,82],{"class":74},[60,60347,3256],{"class":255},[60,60349,60350],{"class":259},"world",[60,60352,3261],{"class":255},[60,60354,101],{"class":74},[553,60356,60358],{"id":60357},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,60360,60361],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[51,60363,60365],{"className":53,"code":60364,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60366,60367,60371],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,60368,60369],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,60370,4485],{"class":146},[60,60372,60373,60375,60377,60379,60381,60383,60385,60387,60389,60392,60394,60396,60398],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,60374,1559],{"class":66},[60,60376,71],{"class":70},[60,60378,75],{"class":74},[60,60380,256],{"class":255},[60,60382,12817],{"class":259},[60,60384,256],{"class":255},[60,60386,82],{"class":74},[60,60388,267],{"class":255},[60,60390,60391],{"class":259},"Ben', ",[60,60393,256],{"class":255},[60,60395,35885],{"class":66},[60,60397,256],{"class":255},[60,60399,101],{"class":259},[20,60401,60402],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[51,60404,60406],{"className":53,"code":60405,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60407,60408],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,60409,60410,60412,60414,60416,60418,60420,60422,60424,60426,60428,60430,60432,60434,60436,60438],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,60411,1559],{"class":66},[60,60413,71],{"class":70},[60,60415,75],{"class":74},[60,60417,256],{"class":255},[60,60419,12817],{"class":259},[60,60421,256],{"class":255},[60,60423,82],{"class":74},[60,60425,267],{"class":255},[60,60427,35876],{"class":259},[60,60429,256],{"class":255},[60,60431,82],{"class":74},[60,60433,267],{"class":255},[60,60435,35885],{"class":259},[60,60437,256],{"class":255},[60,60439,101],{"class":74},[553,60441,60443],{"id":60442},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,60445,60446],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[30,60448,60449,60452,60455,60460],{},[33,60450,60451],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[33,60453,60454],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[33,60456,60457,60458],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60459,24713],{},[33,60461,1454,60462,60465],{},[15,60463,60464],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[553,60467,60469],{"id":60468},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[51,60471,60473],{"className":53,"code":60472,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60474,60475,60485,60499,60513],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,60476,60477,60479,60481,60483],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,60478,135],{"class":134},[60,60480,122],{"class":74},[60,60482,212],{"class":118},[60,60484,128],{"class":74},[60,60486,60487,60489,60491,60493,60495,60497],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,60488,135],{"class":134},[60,60490,122],{"class":74},[60,60492,1657],{"class":1656},[60,60494,122],{"class":74},[60,60496,212],{"class":118},[60,60498,315],{"class":74},[60,60500,60501,60503,60505,60507,60509,60511],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,60502,135],{"class":134},[60,60504,122],{"class":74},[60,60506,11097],{"class":134},[60,60508,122],{"class":74},[60,60510,212],{"class":118},[60,60512,315],{"class":74},[60,60514,60515,60517,60519,60521,60523,60525,60527,60529],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,60516,135],{"class":134},[60,60518,122],{"class":74},[60,60520,8033],{"class":1656},[60,60522,122],{"class":74},[60,60524,59757],{"class":134},[60,60526,122],{"class":74},[60,60528,1086],{"class":78},[60,60530,2872],{"class":74},[20,60532,25941],{},[30,60534,60535,60538,60541,60544],{},[33,60536,60537],{},"what the list contains",[33,60539,60540],{},"whether the value is really a list",[33,60542,60543],{},"how many items it has",[33,60545,25952,60546,60548,60549],{},[15,60547,24713],{}," does with ",[15,60550,36132],{},[46,60552,60554],{"id":60553},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,60556,60557],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,60559,60560],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[30,60562,60563,60578,60583],{},[33,60564,150,60565,2154,60569,17007,60573,60577],{},[260,60566,60567],{"href":56690},[15,60568,52579],{},[260,60570,60571],{"href":53269},[15,60572,53371],{},[260,60574,60575],{"href":53832},[15,60576,54192],{}," to add items later",[33,60579,150,60580,60582],{},[260,60581,59154],{"href":1342}," for a broader introduction",[33,60584,150,60585,60589],{},[260,60586,60587,59817],{"href":59814},[15,60588,24713],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[46,60591,1773],{"id":1772},[553,60593,60595],{"id":60594},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,60597,60598],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[51,60600,60601],{"className":53,"code":38230,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,60602,60603],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,60604,60605],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,60606,38230],{"class":74},[553,60608,60610],{"id":60609},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,60612,60613],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[51,60615,60616],{"className":53,"code":55073,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,60617,60618],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,60619,60620,60622,60624,60626,60628,60630,60632],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,60621,3854],{"class":74},[60,60623,79],{"class":78},[60,60625,82],{"class":74},[60,60627,85],{"class":78},[60,60629,82],{"class":74},[60,60631,94],{"class":78},[60,60633,101],{"class":74},[553,60635,5090,60637,60639],{"id":60636},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,60638,24713],{}," do in Python?",[20,60641,60642,60643,60645],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,60644,36132],{},", into a list.",[553,60647,60649],{"id":60648},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,60651,60652],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[553,60654,5126,60656,544,60658,1435],{"id":60655},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,60657,3743],{},[15,60659,7308],{},[20,60661,60662,60664,60665,60667],{},[15,60663,3743],{}," creates a list. ",[15,60666,7308],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[46,60669,1842],{"id":1841},[30,60671,60672,60676,60682,60688,60694,60700,60704],{},[33,60673,60674],{},[260,60675,59154],{"href":1342},[33,60677,60678],{},[260,60679,1865,60680,18],{"href":56690},[15,60681,52579],{},[33,60683,60684],{},[260,60685,1865,60686,18],{"href":53269},[15,60687,53371],{},[33,60689,60690],{},[260,60691,1865,60692,18],{"href":53832},[15,60693,54192],{},[33,60695,60696],{},[260,60697,1875,60698,3541],{"href":59814},[15,60699,24713],{},[33,60701,60702],{},[260,60703,59157],{"href":1346},[33,60705,60706],{},[260,60707,60708],{"href":12001},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,60710,60711,60712,60714],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,60713,52579],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[1885,60716,60717],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":60719},[60720,60721,60722,60723,60726,60727,60733,60734,60744,60745,60754],{"id":48,"depth":104,"text":49},{"id":15096,"depth":104,"text":15097},{"id":59049,"depth":104,"text":59050},{"id":59160,"depth":104,"text":59161,"children":60724},[60725],{"id":59362,"depth":131,"text":59363},{"id":59378,"depth":104,"text":59379},{"id":59575,"depth":104,"text":60728,"children":60729},"Create a list with list()",[60730,60731,60732],{"id":59600,"depth":131,"text":59601},{"id":59673,"depth":131,"text":59674},{"id":59738,"depth":131,"text":59739},{"id":59820,"depth":104,"text":59821},{"id":4467,"depth":104,"text":4468,"children":60735},[60736,60737,60739,60741,60742,60743],{"id":59957,"depth":131,"text":59958},{"id":60016,"depth":131,"text":60738},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60136,"depth":131,"text":60740},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60357,"depth":131,"text":60358},{"id":60442,"depth":131,"text":60443},{"id":60468,"depth":131,"text":60469},{"id":60553,"depth":104,"text":60554},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":60746},[60747,60748,60749,60751,60752],{"id":60594,"depth":131,"text":60595},{"id":60609,"depth":131,"text":60610},{"id":60636,"depth":131,"text":60750},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60648,"depth":131,"text":60649},{"id":60655,"depth":131,"text":60753},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":58791,"description":60755},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":60762,"title":60763,"body":60764,"description":62505,"extension":1930,"meta":62506,"navigation":421,"path":62507,"seo":62508,"stem":62509,"__hash__":62510},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":60765,"toc":62460},[60766,60771,60776,60779,60781,60852,60857,60862,60866,60880,60885,60887,60907,60912,60915,60938,60942,60947,61039,61041,61063,61069,61075,61082,61089,61095,61152,61158,61216,61218,61230,61238,61244,61249,61253,61310,61313,61317,61376,61379,61383,61441,61453,61457,61510,61513,61517,61523,61529,61591,61594,61655,61658,61714,61719,61721,61725,61732,61793,61798,61807,61863,61870,61874,61932,61941,61999,62003,62038,62042,62052,62055,62110,62124,62127,62242,62247,62251,62262,62264,62343,62353,62355,62360,62365,62372,62380,62386,62389,62395,62398,62404,62410,62412,62448,62457],[10,60767,13,60769,18],{"id":60768},"python-list-extend-method",[15,60770,53371],{},[20,60772,60773,60775],{},[15,60774,53272],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,60777,60778],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[46,60780,1972],{"id":1971},[51,60782,60784],{"className":53,"code":60783,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60785,60786,60802,60819,60823,60838,60848],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,60787,60788,60790,60792,60794,60796,60798,60800],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,60789,67],{"class":66},[60,60791,71],{"class":70},[60,60793,75],{"class":74},[60,60795,79],{"class":78},[60,60797,82],{"class":74},[60,60799,85],{"class":78},[60,60801,101],{"class":74},[60,60803,60804,60807,60809,60811,60813,60815,60817],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,60805,60806],{"class":66},"more_numbers ",[60,60808,71],{"class":70},[60,60810,75],{"class":74},[60,60812,189],{"class":78},[60,60814,82],{"class":74},[60,60816,800],{"class":78},[60,60818,101],{"class":74},[60,60820,60821],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,60822,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,60824,60825,60827,60829,60831,60833,60836],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,60826,1506],{"class":66},[60,60828,115],{"class":74},[60,60830,53401],{"class":118},[60,60832,122],{"class":74},[60,60834,60835],{"class":118},"more_numbers",[60,60837,128],{"class":74},[60,60839,60840,60842,60844,60846],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,60841,135],{"class":134},[60,60843,122],{"class":74},[60,60845,1506],{"class":118},[60,60847,128],{"class":74},[60,60849,60850],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,60851,52650],{"class":146},[20,60853,150,60854,60856],{},[15,60855,53371],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[46,60858,158,60860,161],{"id":60859},"what-listextend-does",[15,60861,53272],{},[20,60863,60864,166],{},[15,60865,53371],{},[30,60867,60868,60871,60873,60876],{},[33,60869,60870],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[33,60872,54351],{},[33,60874,60875],{},"Does not create a new list",[33,60877,11359,60878],{},[15,60879,3734],{},[20,60881,60882,60883,53725],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,60884,53371],{},[46,60886,199],{"id":198},[51,60888,60890],{"className":53,"code":60889,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,60891,60892],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,60893,60894,60897,60899,60901,60903,60905],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,60895,60896],{"class":66},"list_name",[60,60898,115],{"class":74},[60,60900,53401],{"class":118},[60,60902,122],{"class":74},[60,60904,3675],{"class":118},[60,60906,128],{"class":74},[20,60908,5398,60909,60911],{},[3698,60910,3675],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,60913,60914],{},"Common iterables include:",[30,60916,60917,60921,60925,60929,60934],{},[33,60918,60919],{},[15,60920,8033],{},[33,60922,60923],{},[15,60924,48884],{},[33,60926,60927],{},[15,60928,6228],{},[33,60930,60931],{},[15,60932,60933],{},"string",[33,60935,60936],{},[15,60937,59757],{},[46,60939,60941],{"id":60940},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,60943,60944,60945,166],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,60946,53371],{},[51,60948,60950],{"className":53,"code":60949,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,60951,60952,60976,61001,61005,61020,61024,61034],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,60953,60954,60956,60958,60960,60962,60964,60966,60968,60970,60972,60974],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,60955,36173],{"class":66},[60,60957,71],{"class":70},[60,60959,75],{"class":74},[60,60961,256],{"class":255},[60,60963,575],{"class":259},[60,60965,256],{"class":255},[60,60967,82],{"class":74},[60,60969,267],{"class":255},[60,60971,1392],{"class":259},[60,60973,256],{"class":255},[60,60975,101],{"class":74},[60,60977,60978,60981,60983,60985,60987,60989,60991,60993,60995,60997,60999],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,60979,60980],{"class":66},"more_fruits ",[60,60982,71],{"class":70},[60,60984,75],{"class":74},[60,60986,256],{"class":255},[60,60988,33154],{"class":259},[60,60990,256],{"class":255},[60,60992,82],{"class":74},[60,60994,267],{"class":255},[60,60996,22465],{"class":259},[60,60998,256],{"class":255},[60,61000,101],{"class":74},[60,61002,61003],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,61004,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,61006,61007,61009,61011,61013,61015,61018],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,61008,36225],{"class":66},[60,61010,115],{"class":74},[60,61012,53401],{"class":118},[60,61014,122],{"class":74},[60,61016,61017],{"class":118},"more_fruits",[60,61019,128],{"class":74},[60,61021,61022],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,61023,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,61025,61026,61028,61030,61032],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,61027,135],{"class":134},[60,61029,122],{"class":74},[60,61031,36225],{"class":118},[60,61033,128],{"class":74},[60,61035,61036],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,61037,61038],{"class":146},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,61040,11620],{},[30,61042,61043,61048,61053],{},[33,61044,61045,61047],{},[15,61046,36225],{}," starts with two items",[33,61049,61050,61052],{},[15,61051,61017],{}," has two more items",[33,61054,61055,61057,61058,61060,61061],{},[15,61056,53371],{}," adds each item from ",[15,61059,61017],{}," to ",[15,61062,36225],{},[20,61064,61065,61066,61068],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,61067,36225],{}," contains all four items.",[20,61070,54490,61071,544,61073,115],{},[260,61072,1343],{"href":1342},[260,61074,57076],{"href":57075},[46,61076,61078,10521,61080],{"id":61077},"extend-vs-append",[15,61079,53371],{},[15,61081,52579],{},[20,61083,61084,544,61086,61088],{},[15,61085,53371],{},[15,61087,52579],{}," are often confused.",[553,61090,61092,61094],{"id":61091},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,61093,53371],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[51,61096,61098],{"className":53,"code":61097,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61099,61100,61116,61134,61138,61148],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,61101,61102,61104,61106,61108,61110,61112,61114],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,61103,67],{"class":66},[60,61105,71],{"class":70},[60,61107,75],{"class":74},[60,61109,79],{"class":78},[60,61111,82],{"class":74},[60,61113,85],{"class":78},[60,61115,101],{"class":74},[60,61117,61118,61120,61122,61124,61126,61128,61130,61132],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,61119,1506],{"class":66},[60,61121,115],{"class":74},[60,61123,53401],{"class":118},[60,61125,835],{"class":74},[60,61127,189],{"class":78},[60,61129,82],{"class":74},[60,61131,800],{"class":78},[60,61133,1193],{"class":74},[60,61135,61136],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,61137,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,61139,61140,61142,61144,61146],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,61141,135],{"class":134},[60,61143,122],{"class":74},[60,61145,1506],{"class":118},[60,61147,128],{"class":74},[60,61149,61150],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,61151,52650],{"class":146},[553,61153,61155,61157],{"id":61154},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,61156,52579],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[51,61159,61161],{"className":53,"code":61160,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,61162,61163,61179,61197,61201,61211],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,61164,61165,61167,61169,61171,61173,61175,61177],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,61166,67],{"class":66},[60,61168,71],{"class":70},[60,61170,75],{"class":74},[60,61172,79],{"class":78},[60,61174,82],{"class":74},[60,61176,85],{"class":78},[60,61178,101],{"class":74},[60,61180,61181,61183,61185,61187,61189,61191,61193,61195],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,61182,1506],{"class":66},[60,61184,115],{"class":74},[60,61186,13488],{"class":118},[60,61188,835],{"class":74},[60,61190,189],{"class":78},[60,61192,82],{"class":74},[60,61194,800],{"class":78},[60,61196,1193],{"class":74},[60,61198,61199],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,61200,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,61202,61203,61205,61207,61209],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,61204,135],{"class":134},[60,61206,122],{"class":74},[60,61208,1506],{"class":118},[60,61210,128],{"class":74},[60,61212,61213],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,61214,61215],{"class":146},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,61217,18628],{},[30,61219,61220,61225],{},[33,61221,61222,61224],{},[15,61223,53371],{}," to combine values",[33,61226,61227,61229],{},[15,61228,52579],{}," to add one item",[20,61231,42026,61232,544,61236,115],{},[260,61233,1865,61234,1869],{"href":56690},[15,61235,52579],{},[260,61237,52975],{"href":52974},[46,61239,8356,61241,61243],{"id":61240},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,61242,53371],{}," with different iterables",[20,61245,61246,61248],{},[15,61247,53371],{}," works with more than just lists.",[553,61250,61252],{"id":61251},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[51,61254,61256],{"className":53,"code":61255,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61257,61258,61274,61292,61296,61306],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,61259,61260,61262,61264,61266,61268,61270,61272],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,61261,674],{"class":66},[60,61263,71],{"class":70},[60,61265,75],{"class":74},[60,61267,79],{"class":78},[60,61269,82],{"class":74},[60,61271,85],{"class":78},[60,61273,101],{"class":74},[60,61275,61276,61278,61280,61282,61284,61286,61288,61290],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,61277,706],{"class":66},[60,61279,115],{"class":74},[60,61281,53401],{"class":118},[60,61283,5456],{"class":74},[60,61285,189],{"class":78},[60,61287,82],{"class":74},[60,61289,800],{"class":78},[60,61291,315],{"class":74},[60,61293,61294],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,61295,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,61297,61298,61300,61302,61304],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,61299,135],{"class":134},[60,61301,122],{"class":74},[60,61303,706],{"class":118},[60,61305,128],{"class":74},[60,61307,61308],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,61309,52650],{"class":146},[20,61311,61312],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[553,61314,61316],{"id":61315},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[51,61318,61320],{"className":53,"code":61319,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,61321,61322,61338,61357,61361,61371],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,61323,61324,61326,61328,61330,61332,61334,61336],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,61325,248],{"class":66},[60,61327,71],{"class":70},[60,61329,75],{"class":74},[60,61331,256],{"class":255},[60,61333,260],{"class":259},[60,61335,256],{"class":255},[60,61337,101],{"class":74},[60,61339,61340,61342,61344,61346,61348,61350,61353,61355],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,61341,300],{"class":66},[60,61343,115],{"class":74},[60,61345,53401],{"class":118},[60,61347,122],{"class":74},[60,61349,256],{"class":255},[60,61351,61352],{"class":259},"bc",[60,61354,256],{"class":255},[60,61356,128],{"class":74},[60,61358,61359],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,61360,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,61362,61363,61365,61367,61369],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,61364,135],{"class":134},[60,61366,122],{"class":74},[60,61368,300],{"class":118},[60,61370,128],{"class":74},[60,61372,61373],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,61374,61375],{"class":146},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,61377,61378],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[553,61380,61382],{"id":61381},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[51,61384,61386],{"className":53,"code":61385,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,61387,61388,61400,61422,61426,61436],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,61389,61390,61392,61394,61396,61398],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,61391,67],{"class":66},[60,61393,71],{"class":70},[60,61395,75],{"class":74},[60,61397,195],{"class":78},[60,61399,101],{"class":74},[60,61401,61402,61404,61406,61408,61410,61412,61414,61416,61418,61420],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,61403,1506],{"class":66},[60,61405,115],{"class":74},[60,61407,53401],{"class":118},[60,61409,122],{"class":74},[60,61411,59757],{"class":134},[60,61413,122],{"class":74},[60,61415,79],{"class":78},[60,61417,82],{"class":74},[60,61419,800],{"class":78},[60,61421,315],{"class":74},[60,61423,61424],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,61425,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,61427,61428,61430,61432,61434],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,61429,135],{"class":134},[60,61431,122],{"class":74},[60,61433,1506],{"class":118},[60,61435,128],{"class":74},[60,61437,61438],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,61439,61440],{"class":146},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,61442,61443,61446,61447,2154,61449,17007,61451,115],{},[15,61444,61445],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,61448,79],{},[15,61450,125],{},[15,61452,189],{},[553,61454,61456],{"id":61455},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[51,61458,61460],{"className":53,"code":61459,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,61461,61462,61478,61496,61500],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,61463,61464,61466,61468,61470,61472,61474,61476],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,61465,777],{"class":66},[60,61467,71],{"class":70},[60,61469,75],{"class":74},[60,61471,79],{"class":78},[60,61473,82],{"class":74},[60,61475,85],{"class":78},[60,61477,101],{"class":74},[60,61479,61480,61482,61484,61486,61488,61490,61492,61494],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,61481,828],{"class":66},[60,61483,115],{"class":74},[60,61485,53401],{"class":118},[60,61487,5475],{"class":74},[60,61489,189],{"class":78},[60,61491,82],{"class":74},[60,61493,800],{"class":78},[60,61495,30428],{"class":74},[60,61497,61498],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,61499,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,61501,61502,61504,61506,61508],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,61503,135],{"class":134},[60,61505,122],{"class":74},[60,61507,828],{"class":118},[60,61509,128],{"class":74},[20,61511,61512],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[46,61514,61516],{"id":61515},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,61518,61519,2361,61521,115],{},[15,61520,53371],{},[15,61522,3734],{},[20,61524,61525,61526,166],{},"That means this is ",[3698,61527,61528],{},"wrong",[51,61530,61532],{"className":53,"code":61531,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,61533,61534,61550,61572,61576,61586],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,61535,61536,61538,61540,61542,61544,61546,61548],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,61537,67],{"class":66},[60,61539,71],{"class":70},[60,61541,75],{"class":74},[60,61543,79],{"class":78},[60,61545,82],{"class":74},[60,61547,85],{"class":78},[60,61549,101],{"class":74},[60,61551,61552,61554,61556,61558,61560,61562,61564,61566,61568,61570],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,61553,107],{"class":66},[60,61555,71],{"class":70},[60,61557,112],{"class":66},[60,61559,115],{"class":74},[60,61561,53401],{"class":118},[60,61563,835],{"class":74},[60,61565,189],{"class":78},[60,61567,82],{"class":74},[60,61569,800],{"class":78},[60,61571,1193],{"class":74},[60,61573,61574],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,61575,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,61577,61578,61580,61582,61584],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,61579,135],{"class":134},[60,61581,122],{"class":74},[60,61583,140],{"class":118},[60,61585,128],{"class":74},[60,61587,61588],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,61589,61590],{"class":146},"# None\n",[20,61592,61593],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[51,61595,61597],{"className":53,"code":61596,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61598,61599,61615,61637,61641,61651],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,61600,61601,61603,61605,61607,61609,61611,61613],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,61602,67],{"class":66},[60,61604,71],{"class":70},[60,61606,75],{"class":74},[60,61608,79],{"class":78},[60,61610,82],{"class":74},[60,61612,85],{"class":78},[60,61614,101],{"class":74},[60,61616,61617,61619,61621,61623,61625,61627,61629,61631,61633,61635],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,61618,67],{"class":66},[60,61620,71],{"class":70},[60,61622,112],{"class":66},[60,61624,115],{"class":74},[60,61626,53401],{"class":118},[60,61628,835],{"class":74},[60,61630,189],{"class":78},[60,61632,82],{"class":74},[60,61634,800],{"class":78},[60,61636,1193],{"class":74},[60,61638,61639],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,61640,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,61642,61643,61645,61647,61649],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,61644,135],{"class":134},[60,61646,122],{"class":74},[60,61648,1506],{"class":118},[60,61650,128],{"class":74},[60,61652,61653],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,61654,61590],{"class":146},[20,61656,61657],{},"The correct way is:",[51,61659,61660],{"className":53,"code":61097,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,61661,61662,61678,61696,61700,61710],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,61663,61664,61666,61668,61670,61672,61674,61676],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,61665,67],{"class":66},[60,61667,71],{"class":70},[60,61669,75],{"class":74},[60,61671,79],{"class":78},[60,61673,82],{"class":74},[60,61675,85],{"class":78},[60,61677,101],{"class":74},[60,61679,61680,61682,61684,61686,61688,61690,61692,61694],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,61681,1506],{"class":66},[60,61683,115],{"class":74},[60,61685,53401],{"class":118},[60,61687,835],{"class":74},[60,61689,189],{"class":78},[60,61691,82],{"class":74},[60,61693,800],{"class":78},[60,61695,1193],{"class":74},[60,61697,61698],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,61699,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,61701,61702,61704,61706,61708],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,61703,135],{"class":134},[60,61705,122],{"class":74},[60,61707,1506],{"class":118},[60,61709,128],{"class":74},[60,61711,61712],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,61713,52650],{"class":146},[20,61715,55831,61716,61718],{},[15,61717,53371],{}," first, then use the original list.",[46,61720,4468],{"id":4467},[20,61722,14668,61723,115],{},[15,61724,53371],{},[553,61726,61728,61729,61731],{"id":61727},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,61730,53371],{}," to return a new list",[51,61733,61735],{"className":53,"code":61734,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61736,61737,61753,61775,61779,61789],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,61738,61739,61741,61743,61745,61747,61749,61751],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,61740,67],{"class":66},[60,61742,71],{"class":70},[60,61744,75],{"class":74},[60,61746,79],{"class":78},[60,61748,82],{"class":74},[60,61750,85],{"class":78},[60,61752,101],{"class":74},[60,61754,61755,61757,61759,61761,61763,61765,61767,61769,61771,61773],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,61756,55564],{"class":66},[60,61758,71],{"class":70},[60,61760,112],{"class":66},[60,61762,115],{"class":74},[60,61764,53401],{"class":118},[60,61766,835],{"class":74},[60,61768,189],{"class":78},[60,61770,82],{"class":74},[60,61772,800],{"class":78},[60,61774,1193],{"class":74},[60,61776,61777],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,61778,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,61780,61781,61783,61785,61787],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,61782,135],{"class":134},[60,61784,122],{"class":74},[60,61786,55583],{"class":118},[60,61788,128],{"class":74},[60,61790,61791],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,61792,61590],{"class":146},[20,61794,61795,61796,115],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,61797,53371],{},[553,61799,61801,61802,44561,61804,61806],{"id":61800},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,61803,52579],{},[15,61805,53371],{}," is needed",[51,61808,61809],{"className":53,"code":61160,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,61810,61811,61827,61845,61849,61859],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,61812,61813,61815,61817,61819,61821,61823,61825],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,61814,67],{"class":66},[60,61816,71],{"class":70},[60,61818,75],{"class":74},[60,61820,79],{"class":78},[60,61822,82],{"class":74},[60,61824,85],{"class":78},[60,61826,101],{"class":74},[60,61828,61829,61831,61833,61835,61837,61839,61841,61843],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,61830,1506],{"class":66},[60,61832,115],{"class":74},[60,61834,13488],{"class":118},[60,61836,835],{"class":74},[60,61838,189],{"class":78},[60,61840,82],{"class":74},[60,61842,800],{"class":78},[60,61844,1193],{"class":74},[60,61846,61847],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,61848,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,61850,61851,61853,61855,61857],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,61852,135],{"class":134},[60,61854,122],{"class":74},[60,61856,1506],{"class":118},[60,61858,128],{"class":74},[60,61860,61861],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,61862,61215],{"class":146},[20,61864,61865,61866,53815,61868,6573],{},"If you wanted ",[15,61867,53814],{},[15,61869,53371],{},[553,61871,61873],{"id":61872},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[51,61875,61877],{"className":53,"code":61876,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,61878,61879,61895,61913,61917,61927],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,61880,61881,61883,61885,61887,61889,61891,61893],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,61882,566],{"class":66},[60,61884,71],{"class":70},[60,61886,75],{"class":74},[60,61888,256],{"class":255},[60,61890,3801],{"class":259},[60,61892,256],{"class":255},[60,61894,101],{"class":74},[60,61896,61897,61899,61901,61903,61905,61907,61909,61911],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,61898,605],{"class":66},[60,61900,115],{"class":74},[60,61902,53401],{"class":118},[60,61904,122],{"class":74},[60,61906,256],{"class":255},[60,61908,60350],{"class":259},[60,61910,256],{"class":255},[60,61912,128],{"class":74},[60,61914,61915],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,61916,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,61918,61919,61921,61923,61925],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,61920,135],{"class":134},[60,61922,122],{"class":74},[60,61924,605],{"class":118},[60,61926,128],{"class":74},[60,61928,61929],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,61930,61931],{"class":146},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,61933,61934,61935,61938,61939,166],{},"If you want ",[15,61936,61937],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,61940,52579],{},[51,61942,61944],{"className":53,"code":61943,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,61945,61946,61962,61980,61984,61994],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,61947,61948,61950,61952,61954,61956,61958,61960],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,61949,566],{"class":66},[60,61951,71],{"class":70},[60,61953,75],{"class":74},[60,61955,256],{"class":255},[60,61957,3801],{"class":259},[60,61959,256],{"class":255},[60,61961,101],{"class":74},[60,61963,61964,61966,61968,61970,61972,61974,61976,61978],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,61965,605],{"class":66},[60,61967,115],{"class":74},[60,61969,13488],{"class":118},[60,61971,122],{"class":74},[60,61973,256],{"class":255},[60,61975,60350],{"class":259},[60,61977,256],{"class":255},[60,61979,128],{"class":74},[60,61981,61982],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,61983,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,61985,61986,61988,61990,61992],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,61987,135],{"class":134},[60,61989,122],{"class":74},[60,61991,605],{"class":118},[60,61993,128],{"class":74},[60,61995,61996],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,61997,61998],{"class":146},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[553,62000,62002],{"id":62001},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[51,62004,62006],{"className":53,"code":62005,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,62007,62008,62024],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,62009,62010,62012,62014,62016,62018,62020,62022],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,62011,67],{"class":66},[60,62013,71],{"class":70},[60,62015,75],{"class":74},[60,62017,79],{"class":78},[60,62019,82],{"class":74},[60,62021,85],{"class":78},[60,62023,101],{"class":74},[60,62025,62026,62028,62030,62032,62034,62036],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,62027,1506],{"class":66},[60,62029,115],{"class":74},[60,62031,53401],{"class":118},[60,62033,122],{"class":74},[60,62035,1086],{"class":78},[60,62037,128],{"class":74},[20,62039,39587,62040,6493],{},[15,62041,1086],{},[20,62043,62044,62045,62047,62048,62051],{},"You will get a ",[15,62046,2964],{},". See ",[260,62049,62050],{"href":52526},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,62053,62054],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[51,62056,62058],{"className":53,"code":62057,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62059,62060,62070,62084,62096],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,62061,62062,62064,62066,62068],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,62063,135],{"class":134},[60,62065,122],{"class":74},[60,62067,212],{"class":118},[60,62069,128],{"class":74},[60,62071,62072,62074,62076,62078,62080,62082],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,62073,135],{"class":134},[60,62075,122],{"class":74},[60,62077,1657],{"class":1656},[60,62079,122],{"class":74},[60,62081,706],{"class":118},[60,62083,315],{"class":74},[60,62085,62086,62088,62090,62092,62094],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,62087,135],{"class":134},[60,62089,122],{"class":74},[60,62091,140],{"class":118},[60,62093,143],{"class":74},[60,62095,128],{"class":66},[60,62097,62098,62100,62102,62104,62106,62108],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,62099,32085],{"class":134},[60,62101,122],{"class":74},[60,62103,8033],{"class":1656},[60,62105,115],{"class":74},[60,62107,53401],{"class":24682},[60,62109,128],{"class":74},[43512,62111,62112],{},[20,62113,62114,62115,62118,62119,62121,62122,115],{},"Note: ",[15,62116,62117],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,62120,143],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,62123,32960],{},[20,62125,62126],{},"Correct debugging example:",[51,62128,62130],{"className":53,"code":62129,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62131,62132,62148,62164,62168,62182,62186,62194,62204,62218,62228],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,62133,62134,62136,62138,62140,62142,62144,62146],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,62135,8248],{"class":66},[60,62137,71],{"class":70},[60,62139,75],{"class":74},[60,62141,79],{"class":78},[60,62143,82],{"class":74},[60,62145,85],{"class":78},[60,62147,101],{"class":74},[60,62149,62150,62152,62154,62156,62158,62160,62162],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,62151,674],{"class":66},[60,62153,71],{"class":70},[60,62155,75],{"class":74},[60,62157,189],{"class":78},[60,62159,82],{"class":74},[60,62161,800],{"class":78},[60,62163,101],{"class":74},[60,62165,62166],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,62167,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,62169,62170,62172,62174,62176,62178,62180],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,62171,212],{"class":66},[60,62173,115],{"class":74},[60,62175,53401],{"class":118},[60,62177,122],{"class":74},[60,62179,706],{"class":118},[60,62181,128],{"class":74},[60,62183,62184],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,62185,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,62187,62188,62190,62192],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,62189,107],{"class":66},[60,62191,71],{"class":70},[60,62193,48458],{"class":685},[60,62195,62196,62198,62200,62202],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,62197,135],{"class":134},[60,62199,122],{"class":74},[60,62201,212],{"class":118},[60,62203,128],{"class":74},[60,62205,62206,62208,62210,62212,62214,62216],{"class":62,"line":6367},[60,62207,135],{"class":134},[60,62209,122],{"class":74},[60,62211,1657],{"class":1656},[60,62213,122],{"class":74},[60,62215,706],{"class":118},[60,62217,315],{"class":74},[60,62219,62220,62222,62224,62226],{"class":62,"line":6373},[60,62221,135],{"class":134},[60,62223,122],{"class":74},[60,62225,140],{"class":118},[60,62227,128],{"class":74},[60,62229,62230,62232,62234,62236,62238,62240],{"class":62,"line":6378},[60,62231,32085],{"class":134},[60,62233,122],{"class":74},[60,62235,8033],{"class":1656},[60,62237,115],{"class":74},[60,62239,53401],{"class":24682},[60,62241,128],{"class":74},[46,62243,1221,62245],{"id":62244},"when-to-use-extend",[15,62246,53371],{},[20,62248,150,62249,6259],{},[15,62250,53371],{},[30,62252,62253,62256,62259],{},[33,62254,62255],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[33,62257,62258],{},"Add multiple values at once",[33,62260,62261],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,62263,5418],{},[51,62265,62267],{"className":53,"code":62266,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,62268,62269,62286,62304,62308,62324,62328,62338],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,62270,62271,62274,62276,62278,62280,62282,62284],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,62272,62273],{"class":66},"all_scores ",[60,62275,71],{"class":70},[60,62277,75],{"class":74},[60,62279,13437],{"class":78},[60,62281,82],{"class":74},[60,62283,13442],{"class":78},[60,62285,101],{"class":74},[60,62287,62288,62291,62293,62295,62297,62299,62302],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,62289,62290],{"class":66},"new_scores ",[60,62292,71],{"class":70},[60,62294,75],{"class":74},[60,62296,51431],{"class":78},[60,62298,82],{"class":74},[60,62300,62301],{"class":78}," 92",[60,62303,101],{"class":74},[60,62305,62306],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,62307,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,62309,62310,62313,62315,62317,62319,62322],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,62311,62312],{"class":66},"all_scores",[60,62314,115],{"class":74},[60,62316,53401],{"class":118},[60,62318,122],{"class":74},[60,62320,62321],{"class":118},"new_scores",[60,62323,128],{"class":74},[60,62325,62326],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,62327,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,62329,62330,62332,62334,62336],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,62331,135],{"class":134},[60,62333,122],{"class":74},[60,62335,62312],{"class":118},[60,62337,128],{"class":74},[60,62339,62340],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,62341,62342],{"class":146},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,62344,62345,62346,62348,62349,115],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,62347,52579],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[260,62350,1865,62351,1869],{"href":53832},[15,62352,54192],{},[46,62354,1773],{"id":1772},[553,62356,1777,62358,55392],{"id":62357},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,62359,53272],{},[20,62361,62362,62363,115],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,62364,3734],{},[553,62366,5126,62368,544,62370,1435],{"id":62367},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,62369,53371],{},[15,62371,52579],{},[20,62373,62374,62376,62377,62379],{},[15,62375,53371],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,62378,52579],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[553,62381,28261,62383,62385],{"id":62382},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,62384,53371],{}," with a string?",[20,62387,62388],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[553,62390,28261,62392,62394],{"id":62391},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,62393,53371],{}," with a tuple?",[20,62396,62397],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[553,62399,62401,62402,1435],{"id":62400},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62403,53371],{},[20,62405,62406,62407,62409],{},"You get a ",[15,62408,2964],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[46,62411,1842],{"id":1841},[30,62413,62414,62420,62424,62428,62432,62438,62442],{},[33,62415,62416],{},[260,62417,1865,62418,1869],{"href":56690},[15,62419,52579],{},[33,62421,62422],{},[260,62423,54202],{"href":52974},[33,62425,62426],{},[260,62427,57150],{"href":57075},[33,62429,62430],{},[260,62431,1343],{"href":1342},[33,62433,62434],{},[260,62435,1865,62436,1869],{"href":53832},[15,62437,54192],{},[33,62439,62440],{},[260,62441,62050],{"href":52526},[33,62443,62444],{},[260,62445,1865,62446,1869],{"href":54883},[15,62447,12713],{},[20,62449,62450,62451,62453,62454,62456],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,62452,52579],{},", when to use ",[15,62455,54192],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[1885,62458,62459],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":62461},[62462,62463,62465,62466,62467,62474,62481,62482,62490,62492,62504],{"id":1971,"depth":104,"text":1972},{"id":60859,"depth":104,"text":62464},"What list.extend() does",{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199},{"id":60940,"depth":104,"text":60941},{"id":61077,"depth":104,"text":62468,"children":62469},"extend() vs append()",[62470,62472],{"id":61091,"depth":131,"text":62471},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61154,"depth":131,"text":62473},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61240,"depth":104,"text":62475,"children":62476},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62477,62478,62479,62480],{"id":61251,"depth":131,"text":61252},{"id":61315,"depth":131,"text":61316},{"id":61381,"depth":131,"text":61382},{"id":61455,"depth":131,"text":61456},{"id":61515,"depth":104,"text":61516},{"id":4467,"depth":104,"text":4468,"children":62483},[62484,62486,62488,62489],{"id":61727,"depth":131,"text":62485},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":61800,"depth":131,"text":62487},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":61872,"depth":131,"text":61873},{"id":62001,"depth":131,"text":62002},{"id":62244,"depth":104,"text":62491},"When to use extend()",{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":62493},[62494,62496,62498,62500,62502],{"id":62357,"depth":131,"text":62495},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62367,"depth":131,"text":62497},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62382,"depth":131,"text":62499},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62391,"depth":131,"text":62501},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62400,"depth":131,"text":62503},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":60763,"description":62505},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62512,"title":62513,"body":62514,"description":64605,"extension":1930,"meta":64606,"navigation":421,"path":64607,"seo":64608,"stem":64609,"__hash__":64610},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62515,"toc":64568},[62516,62519,62524,62530,62541,62547,62549,62618,62620,62669,62677,62681,62686,62689,62700,62705,62707,62709,62730,62743,62746,62759,62761,62766,62791,62793,62801,62804,62873,62875,62899,62905,62909,62913,62949,62951,62971,62978,62982,63015,63017,63051,63056,63060,63093,63095,63123,63131,63135,63172,63174,63195,63198,63202,63271,63273,63297,63303,63310,63314,63317,63319,63333,63336,63360,63362,63387,63390,63409,63411,63437,63446,63450,63457,63534,63536,63577,63583,63589,63680,63682,63738,63741,63746,63750,63755,63759,63818,63820,63845,63849,63912,63914,63939,63943,64006,64008,64051,64054,64058,64062,64084,64088,64170,64172,64207,64215,64217,64221,64225,64227,64254,64259,64261,64288,64295,64298,64321,64323,64372,64375,64378,64397,64401,64404,64455,64458,64464,64468,64473,64476,64478,64484,64493,64497,64503,64507,64510,64514,64517,64521,64527,64529,64565],[10,62517,62513],{"id":62518},"python-list-function-explained",[20,62520,9058,62521,62523],{},[15,62522,24713],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,62525,62526,62527,62529],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,62528,24713],{}," for two main reasons:",[30,62531,62532,62535],{},[33,62533,62534],{},"to make an empty list",[33,62536,62537,62538,62540],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62539,59757],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,62542,62543,62544,62546],{},"This page explains how ",[15,62545,24713],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[46,62548,1972],{"id":1971},[51,62550,62552],{"className":53,"code":62551,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62553,62554,62576,62594,62598,62608],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,62555,62556,62558,62560,62562,62564,62566,62568,62570,62572,62574],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,62557,67],{"class":66},[60,62559,71],{"class":70},[60,62561,22492],{"class":1656},[60,62563,5456],{"class":74},[60,62565,79],{"class":78},[60,62567,82],{"class":74},[60,62569,85],{"class":78},[60,62571,82],{"class":74},[60,62573,94],{"class":78},[60,62575,315],{"class":74},[60,62577,62578,62580,62582,62584,62586,62588,62590,62592],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,62579,248],{"class":66},[60,62581,71],{"class":70},[60,62583,22492],{"class":1656},[60,62585,122],{"class":74},[60,62587,256],{"class":255},[60,62589,41494],{"class":259},[60,62591,256],{"class":255},[60,62593,128],{"class":74},[60,62595,62596],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,62597,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,62599,62600,62602,62604,62606],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,62601,135],{"class":134},[60,62603,122],{"class":74},[60,62605,1506],{"class":118},[60,62607,128],{"class":74},[60,62609,62610,62612,62614,62616],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,62611,135],{"class":134},[60,62613,122],{"class":74},[60,62615,300],{"class":118},[60,62617,128],{"class":74},[20,62619,318],{},[51,62621,62623],{"className":53,"code":62622,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,62624,62625,62641],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,62626,62627,62629,62631,62633,62635,62637,62639],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,62628,3854],{"class":74},[60,62630,79],{"class":78},[60,62632,82],{"class":74},[60,62634,85],{"class":78},[60,62636,82],{"class":74},[60,62638,94],{"class":78},[60,62640,101],{"class":74},[60,62642,62643,62645,62647,62649,62651,62653,62655,62657,62659,62661,62663,62665,62667],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,62644,3854],{"class":74},[60,62646,3261],{"class":255},[60,62648,260],{"class":259},[60,62650,3261],{"class":255},[60,62652,82],{"class":74},[60,62654,3256],{"class":255},[60,62656,270],{"class":259},[60,62658,3261],{"class":255},[60,62660,82],{"class":74},[60,62662,3256],{"class":255},[60,62664,287],{"class":259},[60,62666,3261],{"class":255},[60,62668,101],{"class":74},[20,62670,150,62671,62673,62674,62676],{},[15,62672,24713],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62675,59757],{},", set, or dictionary.",[46,62678,62680],{"id":62679},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,62682,62683,62685],{},[15,62684,24713],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,62687,62688],{},"It can:",[30,62690,62691,62694,62697],{},[33,62692,62693],{},"create a new list object",[33,62695,62696],{},"make an empty list",[33,62698,62699],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,62701,62702,62703,115],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[260,62704,1343],{"href":1342},[46,62706,199],{"id":198},[20,62708,26420],{},[51,62710,62712],{"className":53,"code":62711,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,62713,62714,62720],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,62715,62716,62718],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,62717,8033],{"class":1656},[60,62719,8579],{"class":74},[60,62721,62722,62724,62726,62728],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,62723,8033],{"class":1656},[60,62725,122],{"class":74},[60,62727,3675],{"class":118},[60,62729,128],{"class":74},[30,62731,62732,62737],{},[33,62733,62734,62736],{},[15,62735,24713],{}," makes an empty list",[33,62738,62739,62742],{},[15,62740,62741],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,62744,62745],{},"Common iterable values include:",[30,62747,62748,62750,62752,62754,62757],{},[33,62749,5256],{},[33,62751,5250],{},[33,62753,5253],{},[33,62755,62756],{},"ranges",[33,62758,7193],{},[46,62760,59379],{"id":59378},[20,62762,150,62763,62765],{},[15,62764,24713],{}," with no arguments:",[51,62767,62769],{"className":53,"code":62768,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,62770,62771,62781],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,62772,62773,62775,62777,62779],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,62774,777],{"class":66},[60,62776,71],{"class":70},[60,62778,22492],{"class":1656},[60,62780,8579],{"class":74},[60,62782,62783,62785,62787,62789],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,62784,135],{"class":134},[60,62786,122],{"class":74},[60,62788,828],{"class":118},[60,62790,128],{"class":74},[20,62792,318],{},[51,62794,62795],{"className":53,"code":38230,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,62796,62797],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,62798,62799],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,62800,38230],{"class":74},[20,62802,62803],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[51,62805,62807],{"className":53,"code":62806,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,62808,62809,62819,62823,62841,62859,62863],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,62810,62811,62813,62815,62817],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,62812,777],{"class":66},[60,62814,71],{"class":70},[60,62816,22492],{"class":1656},[60,62818,8579],{"class":74},[60,62820,62821],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,62822,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,62824,62825,62827,62829,62831,62833,62835,62837,62839],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,62826,828],{"class":66},[60,62828,115],{"class":74},[60,62830,13488],{"class":118},[60,62832,122],{"class":74},[60,62834,256],{"class":255},[60,62836,575],{"class":259},[60,62838,256],{"class":255},[60,62840,128],{"class":74},[60,62842,62843,62845,62847,62849,62851,62853,62855,62857],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,62844,828],{"class":66},[60,62846,115],{"class":74},[60,62848,13488],{"class":118},[60,62850,122],{"class":74},[60,62852,256],{"class":255},[60,62854,1392],{"class":259},[60,62856,256],{"class":255},[60,62858,128],{"class":74},[60,62860,62861],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,62862,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,62864,62865,62867,62869,62871],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,62866,135],{"class":134},[60,62868,122],{"class":74},[60,62870,828],{"class":118},[60,62872,128],{"class":74},[20,62874,318],{},[51,62876,62877],{"className":53,"code":38356,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,62878,62879],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,62880,62881,62883,62885,62887,62889,62891,62893,62895,62897],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,62882,3854],{"class":74},[60,62884,3261],{"class":255},[60,62886,575],{"class":259},[60,62888,3261],{"class":255},[60,62890,82],{"class":74},[60,62892,3256],{"class":255},[60,62894,1392],{"class":259},[60,62896,3261],{"class":255},[60,62898,101],{"class":74},[20,62900,62901,62902,62904],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,62903,3743],{},". Both are valid.",[46,62906,62908],{"id":62907},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[553,62910,62912],{"id":62911},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[51,62914,62915],{"className":53,"code":59677,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,62916,62917,62939],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,62918,62919,62921,62923,62925,62927,62929,62931,62933,62935,62937],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,62920,67],{"class":66},[60,62922,71],{"class":70},[60,62924,22492],{"class":1656},[60,62926,5456],{"class":74},[60,62928,79],{"class":78},[60,62930,82],{"class":74},[60,62932,85],{"class":78},[60,62934,82],{"class":74},[60,62936,94],{"class":78},[60,62938,315],{"class":74},[60,62940,62941,62943,62945,62947],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,62942,135],{"class":134},[60,62944,122],{"class":74},[60,62946,1506],{"class":118},[60,62948,128],{"class":74},[20,62950,318],{},[51,62952,62953],{"className":53,"code":55073,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,62954,62955],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,62956,62957,62959,62961,62963,62965,62967,62969],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,62958,3854],{"class":74},[60,62960,79],{"class":78},[60,62962,82],{"class":74},[60,62964,85],{"class":78},[60,62966,82],{"class":74},[60,62968,94],{"class":78},[60,62970,101],{"class":74},[20,62972,62973,62974,115],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[260,62975,62977],{"href":62976},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[553,62979,62981],{"id":62980},"string-to-list","String to list",[51,62983,62985],{"className":53,"code":62984,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62986,62987,63005],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,62988,62989,62991,62993,62995,62997,62999,63001,63003],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,62990,248],{"class":66},[60,62992,71],{"class":70},[60,62994,22492],{"class":1656},[60,62996,122],{"class":74},[60,62998,256],{"class":255},[60,63000,959],{"class":259},[60,63002,256],{"class":255},[60,63004,128],{"class":74},[60,63006,63007,63009,63011,63013],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,63008,135],{"class":134},[60,63010,122],{"class":74},[60,63012,300],{"class":118},[60,63014,128],{"class":74},[20,63016,318],{},[51,63018,63020],{"className":53,"code":63019,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,63021,63022],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,63023,63024,63026,63028,63030,63032,63034,63036,63038,63040,63042,63044,63047,63049],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,63025,3854],{"class":74},[60,63027,3261],{"class":255},[60,63029,287],{"class":259},[60,63031,3261],{"class":255},[60,63033,82],{"class":74},[60,63035,3256],{"class":255},[60,63037,260],{"class":259},[60,63039,3261],{"class":255},[60,63041,82],{"class":74},[60,63043,3256],{"class":255},[60,63045,63046],{"class":259},"t",[60,63048,3261],{"class":255},[60,63050,101],{"class":74},[20,63052,63053,63055],{},[15,63054,24713],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[553,63057,63059],{"id":63058},"range-to-list","Range to list",[51,63061,63063],{"className":53,"code":63062,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,63064,63065,63083],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,63066,63067,63069,63071,63073,63075,63077,63079,63081],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,63068,67],{"class":66},[60,63070,71],{"class":70},[60,63072,22492],{"class":1656},[60,63074,122],{"class":74},[60,63076,59757],{"class":134},[60,63078,122],{"class":74},[60,63080,1086],{"class":78},[60,63082,315],{"class":74},[60,63084,63085,63087,63089,63091],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,63086,135],{"class":134},[60,63088,122],{"class":74},[60,63090,1506],{"class":118},[60,63092,128],{"class":74},[20,63094,318],{},[51,63096,63097],{"className":53,"code":59780,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,63098,63099],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,63100,63101,63103,63105,63107,63109,63111,63113,63115,63117,63119,63121],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,63102,3854],{"class":74},[60,63104,195],{"class":78},[60,63106,82],{"class":74},[60,63108,695],{"class":78},[60,63110,82],{"class":74},[60,63112,85],{"class":78},[60,63114,82],{"class":74},[60,63116,94],{"class":78},[60,63118,82],{"class":74},[60,63120,800],{"class":78},[60,63122,101],{"class":74},[20,63124,63125,63126,63130],{},"This is common when working with ",[260,63127,63128],{"href":36129},[15,63129,36132],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[553,63132,63134],{"id":63133},"set-to-list","Set to list",[51,63136,63138],{"className":53,"code":63137,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,63139,63140,63162],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,63141,63142,63144,63146,63148,63150,63152,63154,63156,63158,63160],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,63143,674],{"class":66},[60,63145,71],{"class":70},[60,63147,22492],{"class":1656},[60,63149,5475],{"class":74},[60,63151,873],{"class":78},[60,63153,82],{"class":74},[60,63155,878],{"class":78},[60,63157,82],{"class":74},[60,63159,888],{"class":78},[60,63161,30428],{"class":74},[60,63163,63164,63166,63168,63170],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,63165,135],{"class":134},[60,63167,122],{"class":74},[60,63169,706],{"class":118},[60,63171,128],{"class":74},[20,63173,16894],{},[51,63175,63177],{"className":53,"code":63176,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,63178,63179],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,63180,63181,63183,63185,63187,63189,63191,63193],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,63182,3854],{"class":74},[60,63184,873],{"class":78},[60,63186,82],{"class":74},[60,63188,878],{"class":78},[60,63190,82],{"class":74},[60,63192,888],{"class":78},[60,63194,101],{"class":74},[20,63196,63197],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[553,63199,63201],{"id":63200},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[51,63203,63205],{"className":53,"code":63204,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,63206,63207,63243,63257,63261],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,63208,63209,63211,63213,63215,63217,63219,63221,63223,63225,63227,63229,63231,63233,63235,63237,63239,63241],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,63210,13139],{"class":66},[60,63212,71],{"class":70},[60,63214,10426],{"class":74},[60,63216,256],{"class":255},[60,63218,7611],{"class":259},[60,63220,256],{"class":255},[60,63222,166],{"class":74},[60,63224,267],{"class":255},[60,63226,12817],{"class":259},[60,63228,256],{"class":255},[60,63230,82],{"class":74},[60,63232,267],{"class":255},[60,63234,9234],{"class":259},[60,63236,256],{"class":255},[60,63238,166],{"class":74},[60,63240,9241],{"class":78},[60,63242,9244],{"class":74},[60,63244,63245,63247,63249,63251,63253,63255],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,63246,107],{"class":66},[60,63248,71],{"class":70},[60,63250,22492],{"class":1656},[60,63252,122],{"class":74},[60,63254,17242],{"class":118},[60,63256,128],{"class":74},[60,63258,63259],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,63260,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,63262,63263,63265,63267,63269],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,63264,135],{"class":134},[60,63266,122],{"class":74},[60,63268,140],{"class":118},[60,63270,128],{"class":74},[20,63272,318],{},[51,63274,63275],{"className":53,"code":25413,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,63276,63277],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,63278,63279,63281,63283,63285,63287,63289,63291,63293,63295],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,63280,3854],{"class":74},[60,63282,3261],{"class":255},[60,63284,7611],{"class":259},[60,63286,3261],{"class":255},[60,63288,82],{"class":74},[60,63290,3256],{"class":255},[60,63292,9234],{"class":259},[60,63294,3261],{"class":255},[60,63296,101],{"class":74},[20,63298,63299,63300,63302],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,63301,24713],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,63304,63305,63306,115],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[260,63307,63309],{"href":63308},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[46,63311,63313],{"id":63312},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,63315,63316],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,63318,60914],{},[30,63320,63321,63323,63325,63327,63329,63331],{},[33,63322,5247],{},[33,63324,5250],{},[33,63326,5256],{},[33,63328,5253],{},[33,63330,62756],{},[33,63332,7193],{},[20,63334,63335],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[51,63337,63339],{"className":53,"code":63338,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,63340,63341],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,63342,63343,63345,63347,63349,63351,63353,63356,63358],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,63344,135],{"class":134},[60,63346,122],{"class":74},[60,63348,8033],{"class":1656},[60,63350,122],{"class":74},[60,63352,256],{"class":255},[60,63354,63355],{"class":259},"hi",[60,63357,256],{"class":255},[60,63359,315],{"class":74},[20,63361,318],{},[51,63363,63365],{"className":53,"code":63364,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,63366,63367],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,63368,63369,63371,63373,63375,63377,63379,63381,63383,63385],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,63370,3854],{"class":74},[60,63372,3261],{"class":255},[60,63374,60197],{"class":259},[60,63376,3261],{"class":255},[60,63378,82],{"class":74},[60,63380,3256],{"class":255},[60,63382,36088],{"class":259},[60,63384,3261],{"class":255},[60,63386,101],{"class":74},[20,63388,63389],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[51,63391,63393],{"className":53,"code":63392,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(list(5))\n",[15,63394,63395],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,63396,63397,63399,63401,63403,63405,63407],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,63398,135],{"class":134},[60,63400,122],{"class":74},[60,63402,8033],{"class":1656},[60,63404,122],{"class":74},[60,63406,1086],{"class":78},[60,63408,315],{"class":74},[20,63410,318],{},[51,63412,63414],{"className":53,"code":63413,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63415,63416],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,63417,63418,63420,63422,63424,63426,63428,63430,63432,63434],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,63419,2964],{"class":1656},[60,63421,166],{"class":74},[60,63423,3256],{"class":255},[60,63425,345],{"class":259},[60,63427,3261],{"class":255},[60,63429,24549],{"class":1656},[60,63431,8036],{"class":70},[60,63433,8039],{"class":70},[60,63435,63436],{"class":66}," iterable\n",[20,63438,63439,63440,63442,63443,115],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[260,63441,5084],{"href":5532},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[260,63444,63445],{"href":52526},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[46,63447,63449],{"id":63448},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,63451,63452,63453,63456],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63454,63455],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[51,63458,63460],{"className":53,"code":63459,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63461,63462,63482,63496,63500,63510,63520],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,63463,63464,63466,63468,63470,63472,63474,63476,63478,63480],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,63465,12022],{"class":66},[60,63467,71],{"class":70},[60,63469,75],{"class":74},[60,63471,79],{"class":78},[60,63473,82],{"class":74},[60,63475,85],{"class":78},[60,63477,82],{"class":74},[60,63479,94],{"class":78},[60,63481,101],{"class":74},[60,63483,63484,63486,63488,63490,63492,63494],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,63485,14247],{"class":66},[60,63487,71],{"class":70},[60,63489,22492],{"class":1656},[60,63491,122],{"class":74},[60,63493,12069],{"class":118},[60,63495,128],{"class":74},[60,63497,63498],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,63499,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,63501,63502,63504,63506,63508],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,63503,135],{"class":134},[60,63505,122],{"class":74},[60,63507,12069],{"class":118},[60,63509,128],{"class":74},[60,63511,63512,63514,63516,63518],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,63513,135],{"class":134},[60,63515,122],{"class":74},[60,63517,14266],{"class":118},[60,63519,128],{"class":74},[60,63521,63522,63524,63526,63528,63530,63532],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,63523,135],{"class":134},[60,63525,122],{"class":74},[60,63527,12022],{"class":118},[60,63529,12130],{"class":1537},[60,63531,14320],{"class":118},[60,63533,128],{"class":74},[20,63535,318],{},[51,63537,63539],{"className":53,"code":63538,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,63540,63541,63557,63573],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,63542,63543,63545,63547,63549,63551,63553,63555],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,63544,3854],{"class":74},[60,63546,79],{"class":78},[60,63548,82],{"class":74},[60,63550,85],{"class":78},[60,63552,82],{"class":74},[60,63554,94],{"class":78},[60,63556,101],{"class":74},[60,63558,63559,63561,63563,63565,63567,63569,63571],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,63560,3854],{"class":74},[60,63562,79],{"class":78},[60,63564,82],{"class":74},[60,63566,85],{"class":78},[60,63568,82],{"class":74},[60,63570,94],{"class":78},[60,63572,101],{"class":74},[60,63574,63575],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,63576,3994],{"class":685},[20,63578,63579,63580,63582],{},"This means ",[15,63581,14266],{}," is a different list object.",[20,63584,63585,63586,63588],{},"However, this is only a ",[3698,63587,12787],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[51,63590,63592],{"className":53,"code":63591,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,63593,63594,63620,63634,63638,63656,63660,63670],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,63595,63596,63598,63600,63602,63604,63606,63608,63610,63612,63614,63616,63618],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,63597,12022],{"class":66},[60,63599,71],{"class":70},[60,63601,782],{"class":74},[60,63603,79],{"class":78},[60,63605,82],{"class":74},[60,63607,85],{"class":78},[60,63609,791],{"class":74},[60,63611,75],{"class":74},[60,63613,189],{"class":78},[60,63615,82],{"class":74},[60,63617,800],{"class":78},[60,63619,819],{"class":74},[60,63621,63622,63624,63626,63628,63630,63632],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,63623,14247],{"class":66},[60,63625,71],{"class":70},[60,63627,22492],{"class":1656},[60,63629,122],{"class":74},[60,63631,12069],{"class":118},[60,63633,128],{"class":74},[60,63635,63636],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,63637,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,63639,63640,63642,63644,63646,63648,63650,63652,63654],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,63641,14266],{"class":66},[60,63643,3854],{"class":74},[60,63645,195],{"class":78},[60,63647,13485],{"class":74},[60,63649,13488],{"class":118},[60,63651,122],{"class":74},[60,63653,56268],{"class":78},[60,63655,128],{"class":74},[60,63657,63658],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,63659,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,63661,63662,63664,63666,63668],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,63663,135],{"class":134},[60,63665,122],{"class":74},[60,63667,12069],{"class":118},[60,63669,128],{"class":74},[60,63671,63672,63674,63676,63678],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,63673,135],{"class":134},[60,63675,122],{"class":74},[60,63677,14266],{"class":118},[60,63679,128],{"class":74},[20,63681,318],{},[51,63683,63684],{"className":53,"code":56299,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,63685,63686,63712],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,63687,63688,63690,63692,63694,63696,63698,63700,63702,63704,63706,63708,63710],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,63689,56306],{"class":74},[60,63691,79],{"class":78},[60,63693,82],{"class":74},[60,63695,85],{"class":78},[60,63697,82],{"class":74},[60,63699,10132],{"class":78},[60,63701,791],{"class":74},[60,63703,75],{"class":74},[60,63705,189],{"class":78},[60,63707,82],{"class":74},[60,63709,800],{"class":78},[60,63711,819],{"class":74},[60,63713,63714,63716,63718,63720,63722,63724,63726,63728,63730,63732,63734,63736],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,63715,56306],{"class":74},[60,63717,79],{"class":78},[60,63719,82],{"class":74},[60,63721,85],{"class":78},[60,63723,82],{"class":74},[60,63725,10132],{"class":78},[60,63727,791],{"class":74},[60,63729,75],{"class":74},[60,63731,189],{"class":78},[60,63733,82],{"class":74},[60,63735,800],{"class":78},[60,63737,819],{"class":74},[20,63739,63740],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,63742,63743,63744,115],{},"For more on this, see ",[260,63745,13726],{"href":13725},[46,63747,63749],{"id":63748},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,63751,63752,63753,115],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,63754,24713],{},[553,63756,63758],{"id":63757},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[51,63760,63762],{"className":53,"code":63761,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,63763,63764,63804],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,63765,63766,63768,63770,63772,63774,63776,63778,63780,63782,63784,63786,63788,63790,63792,63794,63796,63798,63800,63802],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,63767,12800],{"class":66},[60,63769,71],{"class":70},[60,63771,10426],{"class":74},[60,63773,256],{"class":255},[60,63775,7611],{"class":259},[60,63777,256],{"class":255},[60,63779,166],{"class":74},[60,63781,267],{"class":255},[60,63783,7861],{"class":259},[60,63785,256],{"class":255},[60,63787,82],{"class":74},[60,63789,267],{"class":255},[60,63791,19825],{"class":259},[60,63793,256],{"class":255},[60,63795,166],{"class":74},[60,63797,267],{"class":255},[60,63799,22178],{"class":259},[60,63801,256],{"class":255},[60,63803,9244],{"class":74},[60,63805,63806,63808,63810,63812,63814,63816],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,63807,135],{"class":134},[60,63809,122],{"class":74},[60,63811,8033],{"class":1656},[60,63813,122],{"class":74},[60,63815,13561],{"class":118},[60,63817,315],{"class":74},[20,63819,318],{},[51,63821,63823],{"className":53,"code":63822,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,63824,63825],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,63826,63827,63829,63831,63833,63835,63837,63839,63841,63843],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,63828,3854],{"class":74},[60,63830,3261],{"class":255},[60,63832,7611],{"class":259},[60,63834,3261],{"class":255},[60,63836,82],{"class":74},[60,63838,3256],{"class":255},[60,63840,19825],{"class":259},[60,63842,3261],{"class":255},[60,63844,101],{"class":74},[553,63846,63848],{"id":63847},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[51,63850,63852],{"className":53,"code":63851,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,63853,63854,63894],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,63855,63856,63858,63860,63862,63864,63866,63868,63870,63872,63874,63876,63878,63880,63882,63884,63886,63888,63890,63892],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,63857,12800],{"class":66},[60,63859,71],{"class":70},[60,63861,10426],{"class":74},[60,63863,256],{"class":255},[60,63865,7611],{"class":259},[60,63867,256],{"class":255},[60,63869,166],{"class":74},[60,63871,267],{"class":255},[60,63873,7861],{"class":259},[60,63875,256],{"class":255},[60,63877,82],{"class":74},[60,63879,267],{"class":255},[60,63881,19825],{"class":259},[60,63883,256],{"class":255},[60,63885,166],{"class":74},[60,63887,267],{"class":255},[60,63889,22178],{"class":259},[60,63891,256],{"class":255},[60,63893,9244],{"class":74},[60,63895,63896,63898,63900,63902,63904,63906,63908,63910],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,63897,135],{"class":134},[60,63899,122],{"class":74},[60,63901,8033],{"class":1656},[60,63903,122],{"class":74},[60,63905,13561],{"class":118},[60,63907,115],{"class":74},[60,63909,706],{"class":118},[60,63911,6231],{"class":74},[20,63913,318],{},[51,63915,63917],{"className":53,"code":63916,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,63918,63919],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,63920,63921,63923,63925,63927,63929,63931,63933,63935,63937],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,63922,3854],{"class":74},[60,63924,3261],{"class":255},[60,63926,7861],{"class":259},[60,63928,3261],{"class":255},[60,63930,82],{"class":74},[60,63932,3256],{"class":255},[60,63934,22178],{"class":259},[60,63936,3261],{"class":255},[60,63938,101],{"class":74},[553,63940,63942],{"id":63941},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[51,63944,63946],{"className":53,"code":63945,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,63947,63948,63988],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,63949,63950,63952,63954,63956,63958,63960,63962,63964,63966,63968,63970,63972,63974,63976,63978,63980,63982,63984,63986],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,63951,12800],{"class":66},[60,63953,71],{"class":70},[60,63955,10426],{"class":74},[60,63957,256],{"class":255},[60,63959,7611],{"class":259},[60,63961,256],{"class":255},[60,63963,166],{"class":74},[60,63965,267],{"class":255},[60,63967,7861],{"class":259},[60,63969,256],{"class":255},[60,63971,82],{"class":74},[60,63973,267],{"class":255},[60,63975,19825],{"class":259},[60,63977,256],{"class":255},[60,63979,166],{"class":74},[60,63981,267],{"class":255},[60,63983,22178],{"class":259},[60,63985,256],{"class":255},[60,63987,9244],{"class":74},[60,63989,63990,63992,63994,63996,63998,64000,64002,64004],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,63991,135],{"class":134},[60,63993,122],{"class":74},[60,63995,8033],{"class":1656},[60,63997,122],{"class":74},[60,63999,13561],{"class":118},[60,64001,115],{"class":74},[60,64003,828],{"class":118},[60,64005,6231],{"class":74},[20,64007,318],{},[51,64009,64011],{"className":53,"code":64010,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,64012,64013],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,64014,64015,64017,64019,64021,64023,64025,64027,64029,64031,64033,64035,64037,64039,64041,64043,64045,64047,64049],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,64016,21673],{"class":74},[60,64018,3261],{"class":255},[60,64020,7611],{"class":259},[60,64022,3261],{"class":255},[60,64024,82],{"class":74},[60,64026,3256],{"class":255},[60,64028,7861],{"class":259},[60,64030,3261],{"class":255},[60,64032,9168],{"class":74},[60,64034,9171],{"class":74},[60,64036,3261],{"class":255},[60,64038,19825],{"class":259},[60,64040,3261],{"class":255},[60,64042,82],{"class":74},[60,64044,3256],{"class":255},[60,64046,22178],{"class":259},[60,64048,3261],{"class":255},[60,64050,9184],{"class":74},[20,64052,64053],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[46,64055,64057],{"id":64056},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,64059,150,64060,10537],{},[15,64061,24713],{},[30,64063,64064,64072,64081],{},[33,64065,64066,64067,1460,64069],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,64068,52579],{},[15,64070,64071],{},"sort()",[33,64073,64074,64075,1460,64077,64080],{},"you want to convert ",[15,64076,36132],{},[15,64078,64079],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[33,64082,64083],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,64085,45972,64086,166],{},[15,64087,64079],{},[51,64089,64091],{"className":53,"code":64090,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,64092,64093,64117,64133,64137,64160],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,64094,64095,64097,64099,64101,64103,64105,64107,64109,64111,64113,64115],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,64096,1559],{"class":66},[60,64098,71],{"class":70},[60,64100,75],{"class":74},[60,64102,256],{"class":255},[60,64104,12817],{"class":259},[60,64106,256],{"class":255},[60,64108,82],{"class":74},[60,64110,267],{"class":255},[60,64112,35876],{"class":259},[60,64114,256],{"class":255},[60,64116,101],{"class":74},[60,64118,64119,64121,64123,64125,64127,64129,64131],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,64120,5011],{"class":66},[60,64122,71],{"class":70},[60,64124,75],{"class":74},[60,64126,13437],{"class":78},[60,64128,82],{"class":74},[60,64130,13442],{"class":78},[60,64132,101],{"class":74},[60,64134,64135],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,64136,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,64138,64139,64141,64143,64145,64147,64150,64152,64154,64156,64158],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,64140,9150],{"class":66},[60,64142,71],{"class":70},[60,64144,22492],{"class":1656},[60,64146,122],{"class":74},[60,64148,64149],{"class":134},"zip",[60,64151,122],{"class":74},[60,64153,1599],{"class":118},[60,64155,82],{"class":74},[60,64157,5058],{"class":118},[60,64159,315],{"class":74},[60,64161,64162,64164,64166,64168],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,64163,135],{"class":134},[60,64165,122],{"class":74},[60,64167,9197],{"class":118},[60,64169,128],{"class":74},[20,64171,318],{},[51,64173,64175],{"className":53,"code":64174,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,64176,64177],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,64178,64179,64181,64183,64185,64187,64189,64191,64193,64195,64197,64199,64201,64203,64205],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,64180,21673],{"class":74},[60,64182,3261],{"class":255},[60,64184,12817],{"class":259},[60,64186,3261],{"class":255},[60,64188,82],{"class":74},[60,64190,19832],{"class":78},[60,64192,9168],{"class":74},[60,64194,9171],{"class":74},[60,64196,3261],{"class":255},[60,64198,35876],{"class":259},[60,64200,3261],{"class":255},[60,64202,82],{"class":74},[60,64204,13442],{"class":78},[60,64206,9184],{"class":74},[20,64208,64209,64210,64212,64213,115],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,64211,52579],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[260,64214,52975],{"href":52974},[46,64216,4468],{"id":4467},[20,64218,56697,64219,115],{},[15,64220,24713],{},[553,64222,64224],{"id":64223},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,64226,4475],{},[51,64228,64230],{"className":53,"code":64229,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,64231,64232,64236],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,64233,64234],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,64235,4485],{"class":146},[60,64237,64238,64240,64242,64244,64246,64248,64250,64252],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,64239,8033],{"class":1656},[60,64241,122],{"class":74},[60,64243,79],{"class":78},[60,64245,82],{"class":74},[60,64247,85],{"class":78},[60,64249,82],{"class":74},[60,64251,94],{"class":78},[60,64253,128],{"class":74},[20,64255,64256,64258],{},[15,64257,24713],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,64260,18628],{},[51,64262,64264],{"className":53,"code":64263,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,64265,64266],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,64267,64268,64270,64272,64274,64276,64278,64280,64282,64284,64286],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,64269,135],{"class":134},[60,64271,122],{"class":74},[60,64273,8033],{"class":1656},[60,64275,5456],{"class":74},[60,64277,79],{"class":78},[60,64279,82],{"class":74},[60,64281,85],{"class":78},[60,64283,82],{"class":74},[60,64285,94],{"class":78},[60,64287,2872],{"class":74},[553,64289,64291,64292],{"id":64290},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[60,64293,64294],{},"\"hello\"",[20,64296,64297],{},"This is a common surprise:",[51,64299,64301],{"className":53,"code":64300,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,64302,64303],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,64304,64305,64307,64309,64311,64313,64315,64317,64319],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,64306,135],{"class":134},[60,64308,122],{"class":74},[60,64310,8033],{"class":1656},[60,64312,122],{"class":74},[60,64314,256],{"class":255},[60,64316,3801],{"class":259},[60,64318,256],{"class":255},[60,64320,315],{"class":74},[20,64322,318],{},[51,64324,64326],{"className":53,"code":64325,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,64327,64328],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,64329,64330,64332,64334,64336,64338,64340,64342,64344,64346,64348,64350,64352,64354,64356,64358,64360,64362,64364,64366,64368,64370],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,64331,3854],{"class":74},[60,64333,3261],{"class":255},[60,64335,60197],{"class":259},[60,64337,3261],{"class":255},[60,64339,82],{"class":74},[60,64341,3256],{"class":255},[60,64343,60206],{"class":259},[60,64345,3261],{"class":255},[60,64347,82],{"class":74},[60,64349,3256],{"class":255},[60,64351,60215],{"class":259},[60,64353,3261],{"class":255},[60,64355,82],{"class":74},[60,64357,3256],{"class":255},[60,64359,60215],{"class":259},[60,64361,3261],{"class":255},[60,64363,82],{"class":74},[60,64365,3256],{"class":255},[60,64367,60232],{"class":259},[60,64369,3261],{"class":255},[60,64371,101],{"class":74},[20,64373,64374],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,64376,64377],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[51,64379,64381],{"className":53,"code":64380,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,64382,64383],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,64384,64385,64387,64389,64391,64393,64395],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,64386,135],{"class":134},[60,64388,835],{"class":74},[60,64390,256],{"class":255},[60,64392,3801],{"class":259},[60,64394,256],{"class":255},[60,64396,1193],{"class":74},[553,64398,64400],{"id":64399},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,64402,64403],{},"This:",[51,64405,64407],{"className":53,"code":64406,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64408,64409,64441],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,64410,64411,64413,64415,64417,64419,64421,64423,64425,64427,64429,64431,64433,64435,64437,64439],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,64412,1127],{"class":66},[60,64414,71],{"class":70},[60,64416,10426],{"class":74},[60,64418,256],{"class":255},[60,64420,260],{"class":259},[60,64422,256],{"class":255},[60,64424,166],{"class":74},[60,64426,695],{"class":78},[60,64428,82],{"class":74},[60,64430,267],{"class":255},[60,64432,270],{"class":259},[60,64434,256],{"class":255},[60,64436,166],{"class":74},[60,64438,85],{"class":78},[60,64440,9244],{"class":74},[60,64442,64443,64445,64447,64449,64451,64453],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,64444,135],{"class":134},[60,64446,122],{"class":74},[60,64448,8033],{"class":1656},[60,64450,122],{"class":74},[60,64452,9139],{"class":118},[60,64454,315],{"class":74},[20,64456,64457],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,64459,150,64460,64463],{},[15,64461,64462],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[553,64465,64467],{"id":64466},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,64469,64470,64472],{},[15,64471,24713],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,64474,64475],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[46,64477,1773],{"id":1772},[553,64479,5126,64481,64483],{"id":64480},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[60,64482],{}," and list()?",[20,64485,64486,64487,64489,64490,64492],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64488,3743],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64491,24713],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[553,64494,64496],{"id":64495},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,64498,64499,64500,64502],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,64501,24713],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[553,64504,64506],{"id":64505},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,64508,64509],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[553,64511,64513],{"id":64512},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,64515,64516],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[553,64518,64520],{"id":64519},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,64522,64523,64524,64526],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,64525,24713],{}," cannot loop through it.",[46,64528,1842],{"id":1841},[30,64530,64531,64535,64540,64544,64548,64552,64556,64561],{},[33,64532,64533],{},[260,64534,1343],{"href":1342},[33,64536,64537],{},[260,64538,64539],{"href":36129},"Python range() function explained",[33,64541,64542],{},[260,64543,62977],{"href":62976},[33,64545,64546],{},[260,64547,63309],{"href":63308},[33,64549,64550],{},[260,64551,5163],{"href":5532},[33,64553,64554],{},[260,64555,13726],{"href":13725},[33,64557,64558],{},[260,64559,64560],{"href":52526},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[33,64562,64563],{},[260,64564,54202],{"href":52974},[1885,64566,64567],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":64569},[64570,64571,64572,64573,64574,64581,64582,64583,64588,64589,64596,64604],{"id":1971,"depth":104,"text":1972},{"id":62679,"depth":104,"text":62680},{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199},{"id":59378,"depth":104,"text":59379},{"id":62907,"depth":104,"text":62908,"children":64575},[64576,64577,64578,64579,64580],{"id":62911,"depth":131,"text":62912},{"id":62980,"depth":131,"text":62981},{"id":63058,"depth":131,"text":63059},{"id":63133,"depth":131,"text":63134},{"id":63200,"depth":131,"text":63201},{"id":63312,"depth":104,"text":63313},{"id":63448,"depth":104,"text":63449},{"id":63748,"depth":104,"text":63749,"children":64584},[64585,64586,64587],{"id":63757,"depth":131,"text":63758},{"id":63847,"depth":131,"text":63848},{"id":63941,"depth":131,"text":63942},{"id":64056,"depth":104,"text":64057},{"id":4467,"depth":104,"text":4468,"children":64590},[64591,64592,64594,64595],{"id":64223,"depth":131,"text":64224},{"id":64290,"depth":131,"text":64593},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64399,"depth":131,"text":64400},{"id":64466,"depth":131,"text":64467},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":64597},[64598,64600,64601,64602,64603],{"id":64480,"depth":131,"text":64599},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64495,"depth":131,"text":64496},{"id":64505,"depth":131,"text":64506},{"id":64512,"depth":131,"text":64513},{"id":64519,"depth":131,"text":64520},{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62513,"description":64605},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64612,"title":64613,"body":64614,"description":65965,"extension":1930,"meta":65966,"navigation":421,"path":65967,"seo":65968,"stem":65969,"__hash__":65970},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64615,"toc":65939},[64616,64621,64627,64636,64638,64711,64720,64725,64729,64745,64749,64751,64753,64772,64775,64803,64806,64831,64839,64841,64846,64853,64855,64912,64914,64922,64928,64932,64935,65008,65010,65018,65021,65044,65051,65057,65061,65067,65138,65140,65148,65157,65164,65171,65179,65323,65325,65342,65345,65384,65387,65391,65396,65398,65457,65463,65466,65573,65575,65590,65593,65600,65602,65606,65754,65757,65818,65821,65824,65845,65850,65854,65865,65868,65870,65875,65878,65886,65891,65897,65900,65906,65914,65916,65936],[10,64617,13,64619,18],{"id":64618},"python-list-index-method",[15,64620,1868],{},[20,64622,64623,64626],{},[15,64624,64625],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,64628,64629,64630,64633,64634,115],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[3698,64631,64632],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,64635,40638],{},[46,64637,49],{"id":48},[51,64639,64641],{"className":53,"code":64640,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,64642,64643,64675,64698],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,64644,64645,64647,64649,64651,64653,64655,64657,64659,64661,64663,64665,64667,64669,64671,64673],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,64646,777],{"class":66},[60,64648,71],{"class":70},[60,64650,75],{"class":74},[60,64652,256],{"class":255},[60,64654,575],{"class":259},[60,64656,256],{"class":255},[60,64658,82],{"class":74},[60,64660,267],{"class":255},[60,64662,1392],{"class":259},[60,64664,256],{"class":255},[60,64666,82],{"class":74},[60,64668,267],{"class":255},[60,64670,4048],{"class":259},[60,64672,256],{"class":255},[60,64674,101],{"class":74},[60,64676,64677,64680,64682,64684,64686,64688,64690,64692,64694,64696],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,64678,64679],{"class":66},"position ",[60,64681,71],{"class":70},[60,64683,5910],{"class":66},[60,64685,115],{"class":74},[60,64687,35781],{"class":118},[60,64689,122],{"class":74},[60,64691,256],{"class":255},[60,64693,1392],{"class":259},[60,64695,256],{"class":255},[60,64697,128],{"class":74},[60,64699,64700,64702,64704,64707,64709],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,64701,135],{"class":134},[60,64703,122],{"class":74},[60,64705,64706],{"class":118},"position",[60,64708,143],{"class":74},[60,64710,647],{"class":146},[20,64712,150,64713,64716,64717,64719],{},[15,64714,64715],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,64718,40638],{}," if the item is not found.",[46,64721,158,64723,161],{"id":64722},"what-listindex-does",[15,64724,64625],{},[20,64726,64727,166],{},[15,64728,64625],{},[30,64730,64731,64734,64737,64742],{},[33,64732,64733],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[33,64735,64736],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[33,64738,64739,64740],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,64741,195],{},[33,64743,64744],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,64746,54490,64747,115],{},[260,64748,1343],{"href":54493},[46,64750,199],{"id":198},[20,64752,30657],{},[51,64754,64756],{"className":53,"code":64755,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,64757,64758],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,64759,64760,64762,64764,64766,64768,64770],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,64761,212],{"class":66},[60,64763,115],{"class":74},[60,64765,35781],{"class":118},[60,64767,122],{"class":74},[60,64769,221],{"class":118},[60,64771,128],{"class":74},[20,64773,64774],{},"You can also limit the search:",[51,64776,64778],{"className":53,"code":64777,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,64779,64780],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,64781,64782,64784,64786,64788,64790,64792,64794,64796,64798,64801],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,64783,212],{"class":66},[60,64785,115],{"class":74},[60,64787,35781],{"class":118},[60,64789,122],{"class":74},[60,64791,221],{"class":118},[60,64793,82],{"class":74},[60,64795,35987],{"class":118},[60,64797,82],{"class":74},[60,64799,64800],{"class":118}," end",[60,64802,128],{"class":74},[20,64804,64805],{},"Here is what each part means:",[30,64807,64808,64813,64818,64823],{},[33,64809,64810,64812],{},[15,64811,221],{},": the item to search for",[33,64814,64815,64817],{},[15,64816,36008],{},": where the search begins",[33,64819,64820,64822],{},[15,64821,52587],{},": where the search stops",[33,64824,64825,4733,64827,64830],{},[15,64826,52587],{},[3698,64828,64829],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,64832,64833,64834,64836,64837,115],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,64835,36008],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,64838,52587],{},[46,64840,336],{"id":335},[20,64842,64843,64845],{},[15,64844,64625],{}," returns an integer.",[20,64847,64848,64849,64852],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[3698,64850,64851],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,64854,238],{},[51,64856,64858],{"className":53,"code":64857,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,64859,64860,64880,64898,64902],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,64861,64862,64864,64866,64868,64870,64872,64874,64876,64878],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,64863,67],{"class":66},[60,64865,71],{"class":70},[60,64867,75],{"class":74},[60,64869,873],{"class":78},[60,64871,82],{"class":74},[60,64873,878],{"class":78},[60,64875,82],{"class":74},[60,64877,888],{"class":78},[60,64879,101],{"class":74},[60,64881,64882,64884,64886,64888,64890,64892,64894,64896],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,64883,107],{"class":66},[60,64885,71],{"class":70},[60,64887,112],{"class":66},[60,64889,115],{"class":74},[60,64891,35781],{"class":118},[60,64893,122],{"class":74},[60,64895,15689],{"class":78},[60,64897,128],{"class":74},[60,64899,64900],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,64901,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,64903,64904,64906,64908,64910],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,64905,135],{"class":134},[60,64907,122],{"class":74},[60,64909,140],{"class":118},[60,64911,128],{"class":74},[20,64913,318],{},[51,64915,64916],{"className":53,"code":46848,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,64917,64918],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,64919,64920],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,64921,46848],{"class":78},[20,64923,64924,64925,64927],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,64926,1868],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[46,64929,64931],{"id":64930},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,64933,64934],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[51,64936,64938],{"className":53,"code":64937,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,64939,64940,64972,64994,64998],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,64941,64942,64944,64946,64948,64950,64952,64954,64956,64958,64960,64962,64964,64966,64968,64970],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,64943,36173],{"class":66},[60,64945,71],{"class":70},[60,64947,75],{"class":74},[60,64949,256],{"class":255},[60,64951,575],{"class":259},[60,64953,256],{"class":255},[60,64955,82],{"class":74},[60,64957,267],{"class":255},[60,64959,1392],{"class":259},[60,64961,256],{"class":255},[60,64963,82],{"class":74},[60,64965,267],{"class":255},[60,64967,4048],{"class":259},[60,64969,256],{"class":255},[60,64971,101],{"class":74},[60,64973,64974,64976,64978,64980,64982,64984,64986,64988,64990,64992],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,64975,64679],{"class":66},[60,64977,71],{"class":70},[60,64979,52777],{"class":66},[60,64981,115],{"class":74},[60,64983,35781],{"class":118},[60,64985,122],{"class":74},[60,64987,256],{"class":255},[60,64989,4048],{"class":259},[60,64991,256],{"class":255},[60,64993,128],{"class":74},[60,64995,64996],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,64997,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,64999,65000,65002,65004,65006],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,65001,135],{"class":134},[60,65003,122],{"class":74},[60,65005,64706],{"class":118},[60,65007,128],{"class":74},[20,65009,318],{},[51,65011,65012],{"className":53,"code":321,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,65013,65014],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,65015,65016],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,65017,321],{"class":78},[20,65019,65020],{},"In this list:",[30,65022,65023,65030,65037],{},[33,65024,65025,65027,65028],{},[15,65026,652],{}," is at index ",[15,65029,195],{},[33,65031,65032,65027,65035],{},[15,65033,65034],{},"\"banana\"",[15,65036,79],{},[33,65038,65039,65027,65042],{},[15,65040,65041],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,65043,125],{},[20,65045,760,65046,2361,65049,115],{},[15,65047,65048],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,65050,125],{},[20,65052,51469,65053,115],{},[260,65054,65056],{"href":65055},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[46,65058,65060],{"id":65059},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,65062,65063,65064,65066],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,65065,1868],{}," returns the first match only.",[51,65068,65070],{"className":53,"code":65069,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,65071,65072,65112,65116],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,65073,65074,65076,65078,65080,65082,65084,65086,65088,65090,65092,65094,65096,65098,65100,65102,65104,65106,65108,65110],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,65075,377],{"class":66},[60,65077,71],{"class":70},[60,65079,75],{"class":74},[60,65081,256],{"class":255},[60,65083,386],{"class":259},[60,65085,256],{"class":255},[60,65087,82],{"class":74},[60,65089,267],{"class":255},[60,65091,395],{"class":259},[60,65093,256],{"class":255},[60,65095,82],{"class":74},[60,65097,267],{"class":255},[60,65099,386],{"class":259},[60,65101,256],{"class":255},[60,65103,82],{"class":74},[60,65105,267],{"class":255},[60,65107,404],{"class":259},[60,65109,256],{"class":255},[60,65111,101],{"class":74},[60,65113,65114],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,65115,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,65117,65118,65120,65122,65124,65126,65128,65130,65132,65134,65136],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,65119,135],{"class":134},[60,65121,122],{"class":74},[60,65123,431],{"class":118},[60,65125,115],{"class":74},[60,65127,35781],{"class":118},[60,65129,122],{"class":74},[60,65131,256],{"class":255},[60,65133,386],{"class":259},[60,65135,256],{"class":255},[60,65137,315],{"class":74},[20,65139,318],{},[51,65141,65142],{"className":53,"code":1107,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,65143,65144],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,65145,65146],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,65147,1107],{"class":78},[20,65149,20911,65150,65153,65154,65156],{},[15,65151,65152],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,65155,195],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,65158,65159,65160,115],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[260,65161,1865,65162,1869],{"href":1932},[15,65163,17],{},[46,65165,8356,65167,544,65169],{"id":65166},"using-start-and-end",[15,65168,36008],{},[15,65170,52587],{},[20,65172,65173,65174,544,65176,65178],{},"The optional ",[15,65175,36008],{},[15,65177,52587],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[51,65180,65182],{"className":53,"code":65181,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,65183,65184,65232,65236,65261,65290],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,65185,65186,65188,65190,65192,65194,65196,65198,65200,65202,65204,65206,65208,65210,65212,65214,65216,65218,65220,65222,65224,65226,65228,65230],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,65187,248],{"class":66},[60,65189,71],{"class":70},[60,65191,75],{"class":74},[60,65193,256],{"class":255},[60,65195,260],{"class":259},[60,65197,256],{"class":255},[60,65199,82],{"class":74},[60,65201,267],{"class":255},[60,65203,270],{"class":259},[60,65205,256],{"class":255},[60,65207,82],{"class":74},[60,65209,267],{"class":255},[60,65211,287],{"class":259},[60,65213,256],{"class":255},[60,65215,82],{"class":74},[60,65217,267],{"class":255},[60,65219,270],{"class":259},[60,65221,256],{"class":255},[60,65223,82],{"class":74},[60,65225,267],{"class":255},[60,65227,18701],{"class":259},[60,65229,256],{"class":255},[60,65231,101],{"class":74},[60,65233,65234],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,65235,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,65237,65238,65240,65242,65244,65246,65248,65250,65252,65254,65256,65258],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,65239,135],{"class":134},[60,65241,122],{"class":74},[60,65243,300],{"class":118},[60,65245,115],{"class":74},[60,65247,35781],{"class":118},[60,65249,122],{"class":74},[60,65251,256],{"class":255},[60,65253,270],{"class":259},[60,65255,256],{"class":255},[60,65257,446],{"class":74},[60,65259,65260],{"class":146},"        # first match\n",[60,65262,65263,65265,65267,65269,65271,65273,65275,65277,65279,65281,65283,65285,65287],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,65264,135],{"class":134},[60,65266,122],{"class":74},[60,65268,300],{"class":118},[60,65270,115],{"class":74},[60,65272,35781],{"class":118},[60,65274,122],{"class":74},[60,65276,256],{"class":255},[60,65278,270],{"class":259},[60,65280,256],{"class":255},[60,65282,82],{"class":74},[60,65284,85],{"class":78},[60,65286,446],{"class":74},[60,65288,65289],{"class":146},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[60,65291,65292,65294,65296,65298,65300,65302,65304,65306,65308,65310,65312,65314,65316,65318,65320],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,65293,135],{"class":134},[60,65295,122],{"class":74},[60,65297,300],{"class":118},[60,65299,115],{"class":74},[60,65301,35781],{"class":118},[60,65303,122],{"class":74},[60,65305,256],{"class":255},[60,65307,270],{"class":259},[60,65309,256],{"class":255},[60,65311,82],{"class":74},[60,65313,695],{"class":78},[60,65315,82],{"class":74},[60,65317,800],{"class":78},[60,65319,446],{"class":74},[60,65321,65322],{"class":146},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,65324,318],{},[51,65326,65328],{"className":53,"code":65327,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,65329,65330,65334,65338],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,65331,65332],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,65333,46848],{"class":78},[60,65335,65336],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,65337,931],{"class":78},[60,65339,65340],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,65341,46848],{"class":78},[20,65343,65344],{},"How this works:",[30,65346,65347,65359,65372],{},[33,65348,65349,65352,65353,65356,65357],{},[15,65350,65351],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,65354,65355],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,65358,79],{},[33,65360,65361,65364,65365,65367,65368,65356,65370],{},[15,65362,65363],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,65366,125],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,65369,65355],{},[15,65371,189],{},[33,65373,65374,65377,65378,2154,65380,17007,65382],{},[15,65375,65376],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,65379,79],{},[15,65381,125],{},[15,65383,189],{},[20,65385,65386],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[46,65388,65390],{"id":65389},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,65392,65393,65394,115],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65395,40638],{},[20,65397,238],{},[51,65399,65401],{"className":53,"code":65400,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65402,65403,65435],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,65404,65405,65407,65409,65411,65413,65415,65417,65419,65421,65423,65425,65427,65429,65431,65433],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,65406,777],{"class":66},[60,65408,71],{"class":70},[60,65410,75],{"class":74},[60,65412,256],{"class":255},[60,65414,575],{"class":259},[60,65416,256],{"class":255},[60,65418,82],{"class":74},[60,65420,267],{"class":255},[60,65422,1392],{"class":259},[60,65424,256],{"class":255},[60,65426,82],{"class":74},[60,65428,267],{"class":255},[60,65430,4048],{"class":259},[60,65432,256],{"class":255},[60,65434,101],{"class":74},[60,65436,65437,65439,65441,65443,65445,65447,65449,65451,65453,65455],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,65438,135],{"class":134},[60,65440,122],{"class":74},[60,65442,828],{"class":118},[60,65444,115],{"class":74},[60,65446,35781],{"class":118},[60,65448,122],{"class":74},[60,65450,256],{"class":255},[60,65452,33154],{"class":259},[60,65454,256],{"class":255},[60,65456,315],{"class":74},[20,65458,39587,65459,65462],{},[15,65460,65461],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,65464,65465],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[51,65467,65469],{"className":53,"code":65468,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,65470,65471,65503,65516,65520,65533,65552,65558],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,65472,65473,65475,65477,65479,65481,65483,65485,65487,65489,65491,65493,65495,65497,65499,65501],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,65474,777],{"class":66},[60,65476,71],{"class":70},[60,65478,75],{"class":74},[60,65480,256],{"class":255},[60,65482,575],{"class":259},[60,65484,256],{"class":255},[60,65486,82],{"class":74},[60,65488,267],{"class":255},[60,65490,1392],{"class":259},[60,65492,256],{"class":255},[60,65494,82],{"class":74},[60,65496,267],{"class":255},[60,65498,4048],{"class":259},[60,65500,256],{"class":255},[60,65502,101],{"class":74},[60,65504,65505,65508,65510,65512,65514],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,65506,65507],{"class":66},"search_value ",[60,65509,71],{"class":70},[60,65511,267],{"class":255},[60,65513,33154],{"class":259},[60,65515,3320],{"class":255},[60,65517,65518],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,65519,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,65521,65522,65524,65527,65529,65531],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,65523,6939],{"class":1537},[60,65525,65526],{"class":66}," search_value ",[60,65528,511],{"class":70},[60,65530,5910],{"class":66},[60,65532,1712],{"class":74},[60,65534,65535,65537,65539,65541,65543,65545,65547,65550],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,65536,1718],{"class":134},[60,65538,122],{"class":74},[60,65540,828],{"class":118},[60,65542,115],{"class":74},[60,65544,35781],{"class":118},[60,65546,122],{"class":74},[60,65548,65549],{"class":118},"search_value",[60,65551,315],{"class":74},[60,65553,65554,65556],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,65555,27367],{"class":1537},[60,65557,1712],{"class":74},[60,65559,65560,65562,65564,65566,65569,65571],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,65561,1718],{"class":134},[60,65563,122],{"class":74},[60,65565,256],{"class":255},[60,65567,65568],{"class":259},"Item not found",[60,65570,256],{"class":255},[60,65572,128],{"class":74},[20,65574,318],{},[51,65576,65578],{"className":53,"code":65577,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Item not found\n",[15,65579,65580],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,65581,65582,65585,65587],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,65583,65584],{"class":66},"Item ",[60,65586,4581],{"class":70},[60,65588,65589],{"class":66}," found\n",[20,65591,65592],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,65594,65595,65596,115],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[260,65597,65599],{"href":65598},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[46,65601,4468],{"id":4467},[20,65603,21144,65604,166],{},[15,65605,64625],{},[30,65607,65608,65626,65638,65698],{},[33,65609,25707,65610,2361,65612,65615,65616,65618,65619,5108,65621,65623,65624,115],{},[15,65611,1868],{},[15,65613,65614],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[9781,65617],{},"\nPython does ",[3698,65620,4581],{},[15,65622,65614],{},". It raises ",[15,65625,40638],{},[33,65627,65628,65629,65631,65634,65635,65637],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[9781,65630],{},[15,65632,65633],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,65636,65034],{},", not the value itself.",[33,65639,8356,65640,11028,65643,65645,65647,65648,16591,65650,65673,16579,65675],{},[15,65641,65642],{},"index[]",[15,65644,1868],{},[9781,65646],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[9781,65649],{},[51,65651,65653],{"className":53,"code":65652,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,65654,65655],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,65656,65657,65659,65661,65663,65665,65667,65669,65671],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,65658,828],{"class":66},[60,65660,115],{"class":74},[60,65662,35781],{"class":118},[60,65664,122],{"class":74},[60,65666,256],{"class":255},[60,65668,1392],{"class":259},[60,65670,256],{"class":255},[60,65672,128],{"class":74},[9781,65674],{},[51,65676,65678],{"className":53,"code":65677,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,65679,65680],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,65681,65682,65684,65686,65688,65690,65692,65694,65696],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,65683,828],{"class":66},[60,65685,115],{"class":74},[60,65687,35781],{"class":24682},[60,65689,3854],{"class":74},[60,65691,256],{"class":255},[60,65693,1392],{"class":259},[60,65695,256],{"class":255},[60,65697,101],{"class":74},[33,65699,65700,65701,65703,544,65706,65708,65709],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[9781,65702],{},[15,65704,65705],{},"\"3\"",[15,65707,189],{}," are different values in Python.",[51,65710,65712],{"className":53,"code":65711,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,65713,65714,65734],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,65715,65716,65718,65720,65722,65724,65726,65728,65730,65732],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,65717,67],{"class":66},[60,65719,71],{"class":70},[60,65721,75],{"class":74},[60,65723,79],{"class":78},[60,65725,82],{"class":74},[60,65727,85],{"class":78},[60,65729,82],{"class":74},[60,65731,94],{"class":78},[60,65733,101],{"class":74},[60,65735,65736,65738,65740,65742,65744,65746,65748,65750,65752],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,65737,135],{"class":134},[60,65739,122],{"class":74},[60,65741,256],{"class":255},[60,65743,189],{"class":259},[60,65745,256],{"class":255},[60,65747,1538],{"class":1537},[60,65749,112],{"class":118},[60,65751,143],{"class":74},[60,65753,4721],{"class":146},[20,65755,65756],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[51,65758,65760],{"className":53,"code":65759,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,65761,65762,65772,65786,65800],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,65763,65764,65766,65768,65770],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,65765,135],{"class":134},[60,65767,122],{"class":74},[60,65769,212],{"class":118},[60,65771,128],{"class":74},[60,65773,65774,65776,65778,65780,65782,65784],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,65775,135],{"class":134},[60,65777,122],{"class":74},[60,65779,1657],{"class":1656},[60,65781,122],{"class":74},[60,65783,65549],{"class":118},[60,65785,315],{"class":74},[60,65787,65788,65790,65792,65794,65796,65798],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,65789,135],{"class":134},[60,65791,122],{"class":74},[60,65793,65507],{"class":118},[60,65795,511],{"class":1537},[60,65797,1695],{"class":118},[60,65799,128],{"class":74},[60,65801,65802,65804,65806,65808,65810,65812,65814,65816],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,65803,135],{"class":134},[60,65805,122],{"class":74},[60,65807,212],{"class":118},[60,65809,115],{"class":74},[60,65811,35781],{"class":118},[60,65813,122],{"class":74},[60,65815,65549],{"class":118},[60,65817,315],{"class":74},[20,65819,65820],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,65822,65823],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[30,65825,65826,65829,65836,65842],{},[33,65827,65828],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[33,65830,65831,65832,11028,65834],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,65833,65705],{},[15,65835,189],{},[33,65837,65838,65839,65841],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,65840,1868],{}," returns only the first one",[33,65843,65844],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[46,65846,1221,65848],{"id":65847},"when-to-use-index",[15,65849,1868],{},[20,65851,150,65852,10537],{},[15,65853,1868],{},[30,65855,65856,65859,65862],{},[33,65857,65858],{},"You need the position of a known value",[33,65860,65861],{},"You are working with a small list",[33,65863,65864],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,65866,65867],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[46,65869,1773],{"id":1772},[553,65871,5090,65873,5093],{"id":65872},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,65874,64625],{},[20,65876,65877],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[553,65879,1777,65881,5108,65883,65885],{"id":65880},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,65882,64625],{},[15,65884,65614],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,65887,65888,65889,6573],{},"No. It raises ",[15,65890,40638],{},[553,65892,1796,65894,65896],{"id":65893},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,65895,64625],{}," find all matching items?",[20,65898,65899],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[553,65901,65903,65904,1435],{"id":65902},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,65905,1868],{},[20,65907,65908,65909,544,65911,65913],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,65910,36008],{},[15,65912,52587],{}," arguments.",[46,65915,1842],{"id":1841},[30,65917,65918,65922,65926,65930],{},[33,65919,65920],{},[260,65921,1854],{"href":65055},[33,65923,65924],{},[260,65925,1343],{"href":54493},[33,65927,65928],{},[260,65929,65599],{"href":65598},[33,65931,65932],{},[260,65933,1865,65934,1869],{"href":1932},[15,65935,17],{},[1885,65937,65938],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":65940},[65941,65942,65944,65945,65946,65947,65948,65950,65951,65952,65954,65964],{"id":48,"depth":104,"text":49},{"id":64722,"depth":104,"text":65943},"What list.index() does",{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199},{"id":335,"depth":104,"text":336},{"id":64930,"depth":104,"text":64931},{"id":65059,"depth":104,"text":65060},{"id":65166,"depth":104,"text":65949},"Using start and end",{"id":65389,"depth":104,"text":65390},{"id":4467,"depth":104,"text":4468},{"id":65847,"depth":104,"text":65953},"When to use index()",{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":65955},[65956,65958,65960,65962],{"id":65872,"depth":131,"text":65957},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":65880,"depth":131,"text":65959},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":65893,"depth":131,"text":65961},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":65902,"depth":131,"text":65963},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64613,"description":65965},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":65972,"title":65973,"body":65974,"description":67916,"extension":1930,"meta":67917,"navigation":421,"path":67918,"seo":67919,"stem":67920,"__hash__":67921},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":65975,"toc":67876},[65976,65981,65986,65989,65998,66055,66061,66066,66070,66084,66090,66092,66115,66132,66134,66195,66197,66229,66242,66244,66247,66347,66349,66427,66433,66437,66445,66449,66455,66510,66512,66536,66540,66543,66596,66598,66622,66626,66629,66682,66684,66708,66712,66718,66789,66791,66832,66838,66845,66848,66853,66861,66866,66874,66876,66973,66975,67044,67051,67056,67058,67062,67067,67069,67140,67142,67171,67177,67179,67206,67209,67232,67236,67239,67261,67264,67287,67289,67349,67351,67383,67389,67394,67447,67449,67474,67477,67526,67528,67549,67553,67558,67561,67616,67618,67645,67652,67656,67661,67732,67735,67749,67754,67759,67761,67775,67787,67792,67794,67799,67804,67808,67811,67817,67823,67830,67838,67840,67873],[10,65977,13,65979,18],{"id":65978},"python-list-insert-method",[15,65980,54192],{},[20,65982,65983,65985],{},[15,65984,53835],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,65987,65988],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,65990,150,65991,65993,65994,115],{},[15,65992,54192],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[260,65995,1865,65996,1869],{"href":56690},[15,65997,52579],{},[51,65999,66001],{"className":53,"code":66000,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,66002,66003,66023,66041,66051],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,66004,66005,66007,66009,66011,66013,66015,66017,66019,66021],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,66006,67],{"class":66},[60,66008,71],{"class":70},[60,66010,75],{"class":74},[60,66012,79],{"class":78},[60,66014,82],{"class":74},[60,66016,85],{"class":78},[60,66018,82],{"class":74},[60,66020,800],{"class":78},[60,66022,101],{"class":74},[60,66024,66025,66027,66029,66031,66033,66035,66037,66039],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,66026,1506],{"class":66},[60,66028,115],{"class":74},[60,66030,53875],{"class":118},[60,66032,122],{"class":74},[60,66034,125],{"class":78},[60,66036,82],{"class":74},[60,66038,94],{"class":78},[60,66040,128],{"class":74},[60,66042,66043,66045,66047,66049],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,66044,135],{"class":134},[60,66046,122],{"class":74},[60,66048,1506],{"class":118},[60,66050,128],{"class":74},[60,66052,66053],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,66054,52650],{"class":146},[20,66056,150,66057,66060],{},[15,66058,66059],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[46,66062,158,66064,161],{"id":66063},"what-listinsert-does",[15,66065,53835],{},[20,66067,66068,166],{},[15,66069,53835],{},[30,66071,66072,66075,66078,66080],{},[33,66073,66074],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[33,66076,66077],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[33,66079,54351],{},[33,66081,11359,66082],{},[15,66083,3734],{},[20,66085,66086,66087,66089],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,66088,54192],{}," does not create a new list.",[46,66091,5377],{"id":5376},[51,66093,66095],{"className":53,"code":66094,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,66096,66097],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,66098,66099,66101,66103,66105,66107,66109,66111,66113],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,66100,212],{"class":66},[60,66102,115],{"class":74},[60,66104,53875],{"class":118},[60,66106,122],{"class":74},[60,66108,35781],{"class":118},[60,66110,82],{"class":74},[60,66112,29439],{"class":118},[60,66114,128],{"class":74},[30,66116,66117,66122,66127],{},[33,66118,66119,66121],{},[15,66120,35781],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[33,66123,66124,66126],{},[15,66125,1728],{}," is the value to add",[33,66128,66129,66130],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,66131,195],{},[20,66133,238],{},[51,66135,66137],{"className":53,"code":66136,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66138,66139,66163,66185],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,66140,66141,66143,66145,66147,66149,66151,66153,66155,66157,66159,66161],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,66142,248],{"class":66},[60,66144,71],{"class":70},[60,66146,75],{"class":74},[60,66148,256],{"class":255},[60,66150,260],{"class":259},[60,66152,256],{"class":255},[60,66154,82],{"class":74},[60,66156,267],{"class":255},[60,66158,287],{"class":259},[60,66160,256],{"class":255},[60,66162,101],{"class":74},[60,66164,66165,66167,66169,66171,66173,66175,66177,66179,66181,66183],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,66166,300],{"class":66},[60,66168,115],{"class":74},[60,66170,53875],{"class":118},[60,66172,122],{"class":74},[60,66174,79],{"class":78},[60,66176,82],{"class":74},[60,66178,267],{"class":255},[60,66180,270],{"class":259},[60,66182,256],{"class":255},[60,66184,128],{"class":74},[60,66186,66187,66189,66191,66193],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,66188,135],{"class":134},[60,66190,122],{"class":74},[60,66192,300],{"class":118},[60,66194,128],{"class":74},[20,66196,318],{},[51,66198,66199],{"className":53,"code":42807,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,66200,66201],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,66202,66203,66205,66207,66209,66211,66213,66215,66217,66219,66221,66223,66225,66227],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,66204,3854],{"class":74},[60,66206,3261],{"class":255},[60,66208,260],{"class":259},[60,66210,3261],{"class":255},[60,66212,82],{"class":74},[60,66214,3256],{"class":255},[60,66216,270],{"class":259},[60,66218,3261],{"class":255},[60,66220,82],{"class":74},[60,66222,3256],{"class":255},[60,66224,287],{"class":259},[60,66226,3261],{"class":255},[60,66228,101],{"class":74},[20,66230,20704,66231,66233,66234,66236,66237,544,66239,115],{},[15,66232,65355],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,66235,79],{},", so it appears between ",[15,66238,18029],{},[15,66240,66241],{},"\"c\"",[46,66243,5733],{"id":5732},[20,66245,66246],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[51,66248,66250],{"className":53,"code":66249,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,66251,66252,66284,66302,66306,66328],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,66253,66254,66256,66258,66260,66262,66264,66266,66268,66270,66272,66274,66276,66278,66280,66282],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,66255,377],{"class":66},[60,66257,71],{"class":70},[60,66259,75],{"class":74},[60,66261,256],{"class":255},[60,66263,386],{"class":259},[60,66265,256],{"class":255},[60,66267,82],{"class":74},[60,66269,267],{"class":255},[60,66271,395],{"class":259},[60,66273,256],{"class":255},[60,66275,82],{"class":74},[60,66277,267],{"class":255},[60,66279,404],{"class":259},[60,66281,256],{"class":255},[60,66283,101],{"class":74},[60,66285,66286,66288,66290,66292,66294,66296,66298,66300],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,66287,135],{"class":134},[60,66289,122],{"class":74},[60,66291,256],{"class":255},[60,66293,11500],{"class":259},[60,66295,256],{"class":255},[60,66297,82],{"class":74},[60,66299,13058],{"class":118},[60,66301,128],{"class":74},[60,66303,66304],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,66305,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,66307,66308,66310,66312,66314,66316,66318,66320,66322,66324,66326],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,66309,431],{"class":66},[60,66311,115],{"class":74},[60,66313,53875],{"class":118},[60,66315,122],{"class":74},[60,66317,79],{"class":78},[60,66319,82],{"class":74},[60,66321,267],{"class":255},[60,66323,495],{"class":259},[60,66325,256],{"class":255},[60,66327,128],{"class":74},[60,66329,66330,66332,66334,66336,66339,66341,66343,66345],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,66331,135],{"class":134},[60,66333,122],{"class":74},[60,66335,256],{"class":255},[60,66337,66338],{"class":259},"After: ",[60,66340,256],{"class":255},[60,66342,82],{"class":74},[60,66344,13058],{"class":118},[60,66346,128],{"class":74},[20,66348,318],{},[51,66350,66352],{"className":53,"code":66351,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,66353,66354,66386],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,66355,66356,66358,66360,66362,66364,66366,66368,66370,66372,66374,66376,66378,66380,66382,66384],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,66357,11560],{"class":66},[60,66359,166],{"class":74},[60,66361,75],{"class":74},[60,66363,3261],{"class":255},[60,66365,386],{"class":259},[60,66367,3261],{"class":255},[60,66369,82],{"class":74},[60,66371,3256],{"class":255},[60,66373,395],{"class":259},[60,66375,3261],{"class":255},[60,66377,82],{"class":74},[60,66379,3256],{"class":255},[60,66381,404],{"class":259},[60,66383,3261],{"class":255},[60,66385,101],{"class":74},[60,66387,66388,66390,66392,66395,66397,66399,66401,66403,66405,66407,66409,66411,66413,66415,66417,66419,66421,66423,66425],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,66389,11613],{"class":66},[60,66391,166],{"class":74},[60,66393,66394],{"class":74},"  [",[60,66396,3261],{"class":255},[60,66398,386],{"class":259},[60,66400,3261],{"class":255},[60,66402,82],{"class":74},[60,66404,3256],{"class":255},[60,66406,495],{"class":259},[60,66408,3261],{"class":255},[60,66410,82],{"class":74},[60,66412,3256],{"class":255},[60,66414,395],{"class":259},[60,66416,3261],{"class":255},[60,66418,82],{"class":74},[60,66420,3256],{"class":255},[60,66422,404],{"class":259},[60,66424,3261],{"class":255},[60,66426,101],{"class":74},[20,66428,66429,66430,66432],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66431,79],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[46,66434,66436],{"id":66435},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,66438,1947,66439,35264,66441,66444],{},[15,66440,35781],{},[15,66442,66443],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[553,66446,66448],{"id":66447},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,66450,66451,66452,66454],{},"Use index ",[15,66453,195],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[51,66456,66458],{"className":53,"code":66457,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66459,66460,66481,66500],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,66461,66462,66465,66467,66469,66471,66473,66475,66477,66479],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,66463,66464],{"class":66},"nums ",[60,66466,71],{"class":70},[60,66468,75],{"class":74},[60,66470,125],{"class":78},[60,66472,82],{"class":74},[60,66474,94],{"class":78},[60,66476,82],{"class":74},[60,66478,800],{"class":78},[60,66480,101],{"class":74},[60,66482,66483,66486,66488,66490,66492,66494,66496,66498],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,66484,66485],{"class":66},"nums",[60,66487,115],{"class":74},[60,66489,53875],{"class":118},[60,66491,122],{"class":74},[60,66493,195],{"class":78},[60,66495,82],{"class":74},[60,66497,695],{"class":78},[60,66499,128],{"class":74},[60,66501,66502,66504,66506,66508],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,66503,135],{"class":134},[60,66505,122],{"class":74},[60,66507,66485],{"class":118},[60,66509,128],{"class":74},[20,66511,318],{},[51,66513,66514],{"className":53,"code":53430,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,66515,66516],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,66517,66518,66520,66522,66524,66526,66528,66530,66532,66534],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,66519,3854],{"class":74},[60,66521,79],{"class":78},[60,66523,82],{"class":74},[60,66525,85],{"class":78},[60,66527,82],{"class":74},[60,66529,94],{"class":78},[60,66531,82],{"class":74},[60,66533,800],{"class":78},[60,66535,101],{"class":74},[553,66537,66539],{"id":66538},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,66541,66542],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[51,66544,66546],{"className":53,"code":66545,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66547,66548,66568,66586],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,66549,66550,66552,66554,66556,66558,66560,66562,66564,66566],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,66551,66464],{"class":66},[60,66553,71],{"class":70},[60,66555,75],{"class":74},[60,66557,79],{"class":78},[60,66559,82],{"class":74},[60,66561,85],{"class":78},[60,66563,82],{"class":74},[60,66565,800],{"class":78},[60,66567,101],{"class":74},[60,66569,66570,66572,66574,66576,66578,66580,66582,66584],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,66571,66485],{"class":66},[60,66573,115],{"class":74},[60,66575,53875],{"class":118},[60,66577,122],{"class":74},[60,66579,125],{"class":78},[60,66581,82],{"class":74},[60,66583,94],{"class":78},[60,66585,128],{"class":74},[60,66587,66588,66590,66592,66594],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,66589,135],{"class":134},[60,66591,122],{"class":74},[60,66593,66485],{"class":118},[60,66595,128],{"class":74},[20,66597,318],{},[51,66599,66600],{"className":53,"code":53430,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,66601,66602],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,66603,66604,66606,66608,66610,66612,66614,66616,66618,66620],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,66605,3854],{"class":74},[60,66607,79],{"class":78},[60,66609,82],{"class":74},[60,66611,85],{"class":78},[60,66613,82],{"class":74},[60,66615,94],{"class":78},[60,66617,82],{"class":74},[60,66619,800],{"class":78},[60,66621,101],{"class":74},[553,66623,66625],{"id":66624},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,66627,66628],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[51,66630,66632],{"className":53,"code":66631,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66633,66634,66654,66672],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,66635,66636,66638,66640,66642,66644,66646,66648,66650,66652],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,66637,66464],{"class":66},[60,66639,71],{"class":70},[60,66641,75],{"class":74},[60,66643,79],{"class":78},[60,66645,82],{"class":74},[60,66647,85],{"class":78},[60,66649,82],{"class":74},[60,66651,94],{"class":78},[60,66653,101],{"class":74},[60,66655,66656,66658,66660,66662,66664,66666,66668,66670],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,66657,66485],{"class":66},[60,66659,115],{"class":74},[60,66661,53875],{"class":118},[60,66663,122],{"class":74},[60,66665,873],{"class":78},[60,66667,82],{"class":74},[60,66669,800],{"class":78},[60,66671,128],{"class":74},[60,66673,66674,66676,66678,66680],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,66675,135],{"class":134},[60,66677,122],{"class":74},[60,66679,66485],{"class":118},[60,66681,128],{"class":74},[20,66683,318],{},[51,66685,66686],{"className":53,"code":53430,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,66687,66688],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,66689,66690,66692,66694,66696,66698,66700,66702,66704,66706],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,66691,3854],{"class":74},[60,66693,79],{"class":78},[60,66695,82],{"class":74},[60,66697,85],{"class":78},[60,66699,82],{"class":74},[60,66701,94],{"class":78},[60,66703,82],{"class":74},[60,66705,800],{"class":78},[60,66707,101],{"class":74},[553,66709,66711],{"id":66710},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,66713,66714,66715,66717],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,66716,54192],{}," places the item before that position.",[51,66719,66721],{"className":53,"code":66720,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66722,66723,66755,66779],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,66724,66725,66727,66729,66731,66733,66735,66737,66739,66741,66743,66745,66747,66749,66751,66753],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,66726,248],{"class":66},[60,66728,71],{"class":70},[60,66730,75],{"class":74},[60,66732,256],{"class":255},[60,66734,260],{"class":259},[60,66736,256],{"class":255},[60,66738,82],{"class":74},[60,66740,267],{"class":255},[60,66742,270],{"class":259},[60,66744,256],{"class":255},[60,66746,82],{"class":74},[60,66748,267],{"class":255},[60,66750,18701],{"class":259},[60,66752,256],{"class":255},[60,66754,101],{"class":74},[60,66756,66757,66759,66761,66763,66765,66767,66769,66771,66773,66775,66777],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,66758,300],{"class":66},[60,66760,115],{"class":74},[60,66762,53875],{"class":118},[60,66764,122],{"class":74},[60,66766,1991],{"class":70},[60,66768,79],{"class":78},[60,66770,82],{"class":74},[60,66772,267],{"class":255},[60,66774,287],{"class":259},[60,66776,256],{"class":255},[60,66778,128],{"class":74},[60,66780,66781,66783,66785,66787],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,66782,135],{"class":134},[60,66784,122],{"class":74},[60,66786,300],{"class":118},[60,66788,128],{"class":74},[20,66790,318],{},[51,66792,66794],{"className":53,"code":66793,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,66795,66796],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,66797,66798,66800,66802,66804,66806,66808,66810,66812,66814,66816,66818,66820,66822,66824,66826,66828,66830],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,66799,3854],{"class":74},[60,66801,3261],{"class":255},[60,66803,260],{"class":259},[60,66805,3261],{"class":255},[60,66807,82],{"class":74},[60,66809,3256],{"class":255},[60,66811,270],{"class":259},[60,66813,3261],{"class":255},[60,66815,82],{"class":74},[60,66817,3256],{"class":255},[60,66819,287],{"class":259},[60,66821,3261],{"class":255},[60,66823,82],{"class":74},[60,66825,3256],{"class":255},[60,66827,18701],{"class":259},[60,66829,3261],{"class":255},[60,66831,101],{"class":74},[20,66833,66834,66835,2268],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[260,66836,66837],{"href":1342},"Python lists beginner guide",[46,66839,66841,10521,66843],{"id":66840},"insert-vs-append",[15,66842,54192],{},[15,66844,52579],{},[20,66846,66847],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[553,66849,150,66851,10537],{"id":66850},"use-insert-when",[15,66852,54192],{},[30,66854,66855,66858],{},[33,66856,66857],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[33,66859,66860],{},"The order of the list matters",[553,66862,150,66864,10537],{"id":66863},"use-append-when",[15,66865,52579],{},[30,66867,66868,66871],{},[33,66869,66870],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[33,66872,66873],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,66875,238],{},[51,66877,66879],{"className":53,"code":66878,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,66880,66881,66905,66909,66931,66941,66945,66963],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,66882,66883,66885,66887,66889,66891,66893,66895,66897,66899,66901,66903],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,66884,777],{"class":66},[60,66886,71],{"class":70},[60,66888,75],{"class":74},[60,66890,256],{"class":255},[60,66892,575],{"class":259},[60,66894,256],{"class":255},[60,66896,82],{"class":74},[60,66898,267],{"class":255},[60,66900,33154],{"class":259},[60,66902,256],{"class":255},[60,66904,101],{"class":74},[60,66906,66907],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,66908,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,66910,66911,66913,66915,66917,66919,66921,66923,66925,66927,66929],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,66912,828],{"class":66},[60,66914,115],{"class":74},[60,66916,53875],{"class":118},[60,66918,122],{"class":74},[60,66920,79],{"class":78},[60,66922,82],{"class":74},[60,66924,267],{"class":255},[60,66926,1392],{"class":259},[60,66928,256],{"class":255},[60,66930,128],{"class":74},[60,66932,66933,66935,66937,66939],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,66934,135],{"class":134},[60,66936,122],{"class":74},[60,66938,828],{"class":118},[60,66940,128],{"class":74},[60,66942,66943],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,66944,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,66946,66947,66949,66951,66953,66955,66957,66959,66961],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,66948,828],{"class":66},[60,66950,115],{"class":74},[60,66952,13488],{"class":118},[60,66954,122],{"class":74},[60,66956,256],{"class":255},[60,66958,22465],{"class":259},[60,66960,256],{"class":255},[60,66962,128],{"class":74},[60,66964,66965,66967,66969,66971],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,66966,135],{"class":134},[60,66968,122],{"class":74},[60,66970,828],{"class":118},[60,66972,128],{"class":74},[20,66974,318],{},[51,66976,66978],{"className":53,"code":66977,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,66979,66980,67008],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,66981,66982,66984,66986,66988,66990,66992,66994,66996,66998,67000,67002,67004,67006],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,66983,3854],{"class":74},[60,66985,3261],{"class":255},[60,66987,575],{"class":259},[60,66989,3261],{"class":255},[60,66991,82],{"class":74},[60,66993,3256],{"class":255},[60,66995,1392],{"class":259},[60,66997,3261],{"class":255},[60,66999,82],{"class":74},[60,67001,3256],{"class":255},[60,67003,33154],{"class":259},[60,67005,3261],{"class":255},[60,67007,101],{"class":74},[60,67009,67010,67012,67014,67016,67018,67020,67022,67024,67026,67028,67030,67032,67034,67036,67038,67040,67042],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,67011,3854],{"class":74},[60,67013,3261],{"class":255},[60,67015,575],{"class":259},[60,67017,3261],{"class":255},[60,67019,82],{"class":74},[60,67021,3256],{"class":255},[60,67023,1392],{"class":259},[60,67025,3261],{"class":255},[60,67027,82],{"class":74},[60,67029,3256],{"class":255},[60,67031,33154],{"class":259},[60,67033,3261],{"class":255},[60,67035,82],{"class":74},[60,67037,3256],{"class":255},[60,67039,22465],{"class":259},[60,67041,3261],{"class":255},[60,67043,101],{"class":74},[20,67045,67046,67047,115],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[260,67048,1865,67049,1869],{"href":56690},[15,67050,52579],{},[20,67052,67053,67054,115],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[260,67055,52975],{"href":52974},[46,67057,4468],{"id":4467},[20,67059,14668,67060,115],{},[15,67061,54192],{},[553,67063,12531,67065],{"id":67064},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,67066,54192],{},[20,67068,25623],{},[51,67070,67072],{"className":53,"code":67071,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67073,67074,67094,67116,67120,67130],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,67075,67076,67078,67080,67082,67084,67086,67088,67090,67092],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,67077,67],{"class":66},[60,67079,71],{"class":70},[60,67081,75],{"class":74},[60,67083,79],{"class":78},[60,67085,82],{"class":74},[60,67087,85],{"class":78},[60,67089,82],{"class":74},[60,67091,94],{"class":78},[60,67093,101],{"class":74},[60,67095,67096,67098,67100,67102,67104,67106,67108,67110,67112,67114],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,67097,107],{"class":66},[60,67099,71],{"class":70},[60,67101,112],{"class":66},[60,67103,115],{"class":74},[60,67105,53875],{"class":118},[60,67107,122],{"class":74},[60,67109,79],{"class":78},[60,67111,82],{"class":74},[60,67113,10132],{"class":78},[60,67115,128],{"class":74},[60,67117,67118],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,67119,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,67121,67122,67124,67126,67128],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,67123,135],{"class":134},[60,67125,122],{"class":74},[60,67127,140],{"class":118},[60,67129,128],{"class":74},[60,67131,67132,67134,67136,67138],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,67133,135],{"class":134},[60,67135,122],{"class":74},[60,67137,1506],{"class":118},[60,67139,128],{"class":74},[20,67141,318],{},[51,67143,67145],{"className":53,"code":67144,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67146,67147,67151],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,67148,67149],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,67150,11745],{"class":685},[60,67152,67153,67155,67157,67159,67161,67163,67165,67167,67169],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,67154,3854],{"class":74},[60,67156,79],{"class":78},[60,67158,82],{"class":74},[60,67160,10132],{"class":78},[60,67162,82],{"class":74},[60,67164,85],{"class":78},[60,67166,82],{"class":74},[60,67168,94],{"class":78},[60,67170,101],{"class":74},[20,67172,67173,54077,67175,115],{},[15,67174,54192],{},[15,67176,3734],{},[20,67178,16579],{},[51,67180,67182],{"className":53,"code":67181,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67183,67184],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,67185,67186,67188,67190,67192,67194,67196,67198,67200,67202,67204],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,67187,55812],{"class":66},[60,67189,71],{"class":70},[60,67191,112],{"class":66},[60,67193,115],{"class":74},[60,67195,53875],{"class":118},[60,67197,122],{"class":74},[60,67199,79],{"class":78},[60,67201,82],{"class":74},[60,67203,10132],{"class":78},[60,67205,128],{"class":74},[20,67207,67208],{},"Right:",[51,67210,67212],{"className":53,"code":67211,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67213,67214],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,67215,67216,67218,67220,67222,67224,67226,67228,67230],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,67217,1506],{"class":66},[60,67219,115],{"class":74},[60,67221,53875],{"class":118},[60,67223,122],{"class":74},[60,67225,79],{"class":78},[60,67227,82],{"class":74},[60,67229,10132],{"class":78},[60,67231,128],{"class":74},[553,67233,67235],{"id":67234},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,67237,67238],{},"The correct order is:",[51,67240,67241],{"className":53,"code":66094,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,67242,67243],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,67244,67245,67247,67249,67251,67253,67255,67257,67259],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,67246,212],{"class":66},[60,67248,115],{"class":74},[60,67250,53875],{"class":118},[60,67252,122],{"class":74},[60,67254,35781],{"class":118},[60,67256,82],{"class":74},[60,67258,29439],{"class":118},[60,67260,128],{"class":74},[20,67262,67263],{},"Not:",[51,67265,67267],{"className":53,"code":67266,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,67268,67269],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,67270,67271,67273,67275,67277,67279,67281,67283,67285],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,67272,212],{"class":66},[60,67274,115],{"class":74},[60,67276,53875],{"class":118},[60,67278,122],{"class":74},[60,67280,1728],{"class":118},[60,67282,82],{"class":74},[60,67284,35756],{"class":118},[60,67286,128],{"class":74},[20,67288,238],{},[51,67290,67291],{"className":53,"code":66136,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,67292,67293,67317,67339],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,67294,67295,67297,67299,67301,67303,67305,67307,67309,67311,67313,67315],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,67296,248],{"class":66},[60,67298,71],{"class":70},[60,67300,75],{"class":74},[60,67302,256],{"class":255},[60,67304,260],{"class":259},[60,67306,256],{"class":255},[60,67308,82],{"class":74},[60,67310,267],{"class":255},[60,67312,287],{"class":259},[60,67314,256],{"class":255},[60,67316,101],{"class":74},[60,67318,67319,67321,67323,67325,67327,67329,67331,67333,67335,67337],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,67320,300],{"class":66},[60,67322,115],{"class":74},[60,67324,53875],{"class":118},[60,67326,122],{"class":74},[60,67328,79],{"class":78},[60,67330,82],{"class":74},[60,67332,267],{"class":255},[60,67334,270],{"class":259},[60,67336,256],{"class":255},[60,67338,128],{"class":74},[60,67340,67341,67343,67345,67347],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,67342,135],{"class":134},[60,67344,122],{"class":74},[60,67346,300],{"class":118},[60,67348,128],{"class":74},[20,67350,318],{},[51,67352,67353],{"className":53,"code":42807,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,67354,67355],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,67356,67357,67359,67361,67363,67365,67367,67369,67371,67373,67375,67377,67379,67381],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,67358,3854],{"class":74},[60,67360,3261],{"class":255},[60,67362,260],{"class":259},[60,67364,3261],{"class":255},[60,67366,82],{"class":74},[60,67368,3256],{"class":255},[60,67370,270],{"class":259},[60,67372,3261],{"class":255},[60,67374,82],{"class":74},[60,67376,3256],{"class":255},[60,67378,287],{"class":259},[60,67380,3261],{"class":255},[60,67382,101],{"class":74},[553,67384,1454,67386,67388],{"id":67385},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,67387,54192],{}," to replace an item",[20,67390,67391,67393],{},[15,67392,54192],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[51,67395,67397],{"className":53,"code":67396,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67398,67399,67419,67437],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,67400,67401,67403,67405,67407,67409,67411,67413,67415,67417],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,67402,67],{"class":66},[60,67404,71],{"class":70},[60,67406,75],{"class":74},[60,67408,79],{"class":78},[60,67410,82],{"class":74},[60,67412,85],{"class":78},[60,67414,82],{"class":74},[60,67416,94],{"class":78},[60,67418,101],{"class":74},[60,67420,67421,67423,67425,67427,67429,67431,67433,67435],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,67422,1506],{"class":66},[60,67424,115],{"class":74},[60,67426,53875],{"class":118},[60,67428,122],{"class":74},[60,67430,79],{"class":78},[60,67432,82],{"class":74},[60,67434,10132],{"class":78},[60,67436,128],{"class":74},[60,67438,67439,67441,67443,67445],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,67440,135],{"class":134},[60,67442,122],{"class":74},[60,67444,1506],{"class":118},[60,67446,128],{"class":74},[20,67448,318],{},[51,67450,67452],{"className":53,"code":67451,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67453,67454],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,67455,67456,67458,67460,67462,67464,67466,67468,67470,67472],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,67457,3854],{"class":74},[60,67459,79],{"class":78},[60,67461,82],{"class":74},[60,67463,10132],{"class":78},[60,67465,82],{"class":74},[60,67467,85],{"class":78},[60,67469,82],{"class":74},[60,67471,94],{"class":78},[60,67473,101],{"class":74},[20,67475,67476],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[51,67478,67480],{"className":53,"code":67479,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67481,67482,67502,67516],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,67483,67484,67486,67488,67490,67492,67494,67496,67498,67500],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,67485,67],{"class":66},[60,67487,71],{"class":70},[60,67489,75],{"class":74},[60,67491,79],{"class":78},[60,67493,82],{"class":74},[60,67495,85],{"class":78},[60,67497,82],{"class":74},[60,67499,94],{"class":78},[60,67501,101],{"class":74},[60,67503,67504,67506,67508,67510,67512,67514],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,67505,1506],{"class":66},[60,67507,3854],{"class":74},[60,67509,79],{"class":78},[60,67511,13208],{"class":74},[60,67513,13211],{"class":70},[60,67515,14066],{"class":78},[60,67517,67518,67520,67522,67524],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,67519,135],{"class":134},[60,67521,122],{"class":74},[60,67523,1506],{"class":118},[60,67525,128],{"class":74},[20,67527,318],{},[51,67529,67531],{"className":53,"code":67530,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,67532,67533],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,67534,67535,67537,67539,67541,67543,67545,67547],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,67536,3854],{"class":74},[60,67538,79],{"class":78},[60,67540,82],{"class":74},[60,67542,10132],{"class":78},[60,67544,82],{"class":74},[60,67546,94],{"class":78},[60,67548,101],{"class":74},[553,67550,67552],{"id":67551},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,67554,67555,67557],{},[15,67556,54192],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,67559,67560],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[51,67562,67564],{"className":53,"code":67563,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67565,67566,67582,67606],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,67567,67568,67570,67572,67574,67576,67578,67580],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,67569,67],{"class":66},[60,67571,71],{"class":70},[60,67573,75],{"class":74},[60,67575,79],{"class":78},[60,67577,82],{"class":74},[60,67579,800],{"class":78},[60,67581,101],{"class":74},[60,67583,67584,67586,67588,67590,67592,67594,67596,67598,67600,67602,67604],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,67585,1506],{"class":66},[60,67587,115],{"class":74},[60,67589,53875],{"class":118},[60,67591,122],{"class":74},[60,67593,79],{"class":78},[60,67595,82],{"class":74},[60,67597,75],{"class":74},[60,67599,125],{"class":78},[60,67601,82],{"class":74},[60,67603,94],{"class":78},[60,67605,1193],{"class":74},[60,67607,67608,67610,67612,67614],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,67609,135],{"class":134},[60,67611,122],{"class":74},[60,67613,1506],{"class":118},[60,67615,128],{"class":74},[20,67617,318],{},[51,67619,67621],{"className":53,"code":67620,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,67622,67623],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,67624,67625,67627,67629,67631,67633,67635,67637,67639,67641,67643],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,67626,3854],{"class":74},[60,67628,79],{"class":78},[60,67630,82],{"class":74},[60,67632,75],{"class":74},[60,67634,125],{"class":78},[60,67636,82],{"class":74},[60,67638,94],{"class":78},[60,67640,791],{"class":74},[60,67642,800],{"class":78},[60,67644,101],{"class":74},[20,67646,67647,67648,115],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[260,67649,1865,67650,1869],{"href":53269},[15,67651,53371],{},[553,67653,67655],{"id":67654},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,67657,8810,67658,67660],{},[15,67659,54192],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[51,67662,67664],{"className":53,"code":67663,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,67665,67666,67676,67690,67708,67722],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,67667,67668,67670,67672,67674],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,67669,135],{"class":134},[60,67671,122],{"class":74},[60,67673,212],{"class":118},[60,67675,128],{"class":74},[60,67677,67678,67680,67682,67684,67686,67688],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,67679,135],{"class":134},[60,67681,122],{"class":74},[60,67683,11097],{"class":134},[60,67685,122],{"class":74},[60,67687,212],{"class":118},[60,67689,315],{"class":74},[60,67691,67692,67694,67696,67698,67700,67702,67704,67706],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,67693,135],{"class":134},[60,67695,122],{"class":74},[60,67697,212],{"class":118},[60,67699,115],{"class":74},[60,67701,53875],{"class":24682},[60,67703,115],{"class":74},[60,67705,34379],{"class":34386},[60,67707,128],{"class":74},[60,67709,67710,67712,67714,67716,67718,67720],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,67711,32085],{"class":134},[60,67713,122],{"class":74},[60,67715,8033],{"class":1656},[60,67717,115],{"class":74},[60,67719,53875],{"class":24682},[60,67721,128],{"class":74},[60,67723,67724,67726,67728,67730],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,67725,1657],{"class":1656},[60,67727,122],{"class":74},[60,67729,212],{"class":118},[60,67731,128],{"class":74},[20,67733,67734],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[30,67736,67737,67740,67743,67746],{},[33,67738,67739],{},"What is currently in the list",[33,67741,67742],{},"How long the list is",[33,67744,67745],{},"That you are working with a real list",[33,67747,67748],{},"How Python describes the method",[46,67750,1221,67752],{"id":67751},"when-to-use-insert",[15,67753,54192],{},[20,67755,150,67756,67758],{},[15,67757,54192],{}," when position matters.",[20,67760,36360],{},[30,67762,67763,67766,67769,67772],{},[33,67764,67765],{},"Ordered menus",[33,67767,67768],{},"Rankings or score lists",[33,67770,67771],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[33,67773,67774],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,67776,67777,67778,67780,67781,67783,67784,67786],{},"You usually do ",[3698,67779,4581],{}," need ",[15,67782,54192],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,67785,52579],{}," is simpler.",[20,67788,67789,67790,115],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[260,67791,57076],{"href":57075},[46,67793,1773],{"id":1772},[553,67795,1777,67797,55392],{"id":67796},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,67798,53835],{},[20,67800,67801,67802,115],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,67803,3734],{},[553,67805,67807],{"id":67806},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,67809,67810],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[553,67812,1796,67814,67816],{"id":67813},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,67815,53835],{}," add multiple items?",[20,67818,67819,67820,67822],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,67821,53371],{}," or slicing.",[553,67824,5126,67826,544,67828,1435],{"id":67825},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,67827,54192],{},[15,67829,52579],{},[20,67831,67832,67834,67835,67837],{},[15,67833,54192],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,67836,52579],{}," adds only at the end.",[46,67839,1842],{"id":1841},[30,67841,67842,67848,67854,67858,67862,67866],{},[33,67843,67844],{},[260,67845,1865,67846,1869],{"href":56690},[15,67847,52579],{},[33,67849,67850],{},[260,67851,1865,67852,1869],{"href":53269},[15,67853,53371],{},[33,67855,67856],{},[260,67857,54202],{"href":52974},[33,67859,67860],{},[260,67861,1343],{"href":1342},[33,67863,67864],{},[260,67865,57150],{"href":57075},[33,67867,67868],{},[260,67869,30279,67870,33566],{"href":54220},[15,67871,67872],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[1885,67874,67875],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":67877},[67878,67880,67881,67882,67888,67895,67904,67906,67915],{"id":66063,"depth":104,"text":67879},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5376,"depth":104,"text":5377},{"id":5732,"depth":104,"text":5733},{"id":66435,"depth":104,"text":66436,"children":67883},[67884,67885,67886,67887],{"id":66447,"depth":131,"text":66448},{"id":66538,"depth":131,"text":66539},{"id":66624,"depth":131,"text":66625},{"id":66710,"depth":131,"text":66711},{"id":66840,"depth":104,"text":67889,"children":67890},"insert() vs append()",[67891,67893],{"id":66850,"depth":131,"text":67892},"Use insert() when:",{"id":66863,"depth":131,"text":67894},"Use append() when:",{"id":4467,"depth":104,"text":4468,"children":67896},[67897,67899,67900,67902,67903],{"id":67064,"depth":131,"text":67898},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67234,"depth":131,"text":67235},{"id":67385,"depth":131,"text":67901},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67551,"depth":131,"text":67552},{"id":67654,"depth":131,"text":67655},{"id":67751,"depth":104,"text":67905},"When to use insert()",{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":67907},[67908,67910,67911,67913],{"id":67796,"depth":131,"text":67909},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":67806,"depth":131,"text":67807},{"id":67813,"depth":131,"text":67912},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":67825,"depth":131,"text":67914},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":65973,"description":67916},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":67923,"title":67924,"body":67925,"description":69480,"extension":1930,"meta":69481,"navigation":421,"path":1874,"seo":69482,"stem":69483,"__hash__":69484},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":67926,"toc":69453},[67927,67933,67942,67991,67993,68001,68007,68009,68027,68033,68038,68041,68044,68059,68061,68113,68115,68123,68131,68138,68140,68146,68211,68213,68221,68223,68242,68245,68296,68300,68305,68332,68334,68342,68345,68414,68416,68431,68437,68441,68450,68453,68508,68510,68518,68521,68523,68568,68570,68578,68584,68586,68594,68597,68599,68638,68640,68679,68684,68686,68688,68723,68726,68728,68766,68770,68776,68778,68829,68831,68839,68846,68849,68870,68873,68928,68939,68941,69002,69004,69013,69020,69026,69029,69032,69089,69092,69105,69112,69118,69124,69126,69139,69142,69239,69241,69258,69261,69343,69345,69367,69374,69380,69382,69386,69392,69398,69403,69407,69410,69416,69423,69425,69450],[10,67928,67930,67931,143],{"id":67929},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,67932,11097],{},[20,67934,67935,67936,67938,67939,67941],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,67937,1878],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,67940,1878],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[51,67943,67945],{"className":53,"code":67944,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,67946,67947,67967,67981],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,67948,67949,67951,67953,67955,67957,67959,67961,67963,67965],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,67950,67],{"class":66},[60,67952,71],{"class":70},[60,67954,75],{"class":74},[60,67956,873],{"class":78},[60,67958,82],{"class":74},[60,67960,878],{"class":78},[60,67962,82],{"class":74},[60,67964,888],{"class":78},[60,67966,101],{"class":74},[60,67968,67969,67971,67973,67975,67977,67979],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,67970,41176],{"class":66},[60,67972,71],{"class":70},[60,67974,38319],{"class":134},[60,67976,122],{"class":74},[60,67978,1506],{"class":118},[60,67980,128],{"class":74},[60,67982,67983,67985,67987,67989],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,67984,135],{"class":134},[60,67986,122],{"class":74},[60,67988,119],{"class":118},[60,67990,128],{"class":74},[20,67992,318],{},[51,67994,67995],{"className":53,"code":931,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,67996,67997],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,67998,67999],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68000,931],{"class":78},[20,68002,150,68003,68006],{},[15,68004,68005],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[46,68008,15097],{"id":15096},[30,68010,68011,68016,68021,68024],{},[33,68012,4149,68013,68015],{},[15,68014,1878],{}," works with Python lists",[33,68017,68018,68019,11642],{},"What value ",[15,68020,1878],{},[33,68022,68023],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[33,68025,68026],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[46,68028,158,68030,68032],{"id":68029},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,68031,1878],{}," returns for a list",[20,68034,68035,64845],{},[15,68036,68037],{},"len(my_list)",[20,68039,68040],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,68042,68043],{},"A few important points:",[30,68045,68046,68049,68054],{},[33,68047,68048],{},"It counts list items",[33,68050,40840,68051,68053],{},[3698,68052,4581],{}," count characters inside a string item",[33,68055,68056,68057],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,68058,195],{},[20,68060,238],{},[51,68062,68064],{"className":53,"code":68063,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,68065,68066,68099],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68067,68068,68070,68072,68074,68076,68078,68080,68082,68084,68087,68089,68091,68093,68095,68097],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68069,566],{"class":66},[60,68071,71],{"class":70},[60,68073,75],{"class":74},[60,68075,256],{"class":255},[60,68077,959],{"class":259},[60,68079,256],{"class":255},[60,68081,82],{"class":74},[60,68083,267],{"class":255},[60,68085,68086],{"class":259},"elephant",[60,68088,256],{"class":255},[60,68090,82],{"class":74},[60,68092,267],{"class":255},[60,68094,968],{"class":259},[60,68096,256],{"class":255},[60,68098,101],{"class":74},[60,68100,68101,68103,68105,68107,68109,68111],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,68102,135],{"class":134},[60,68104,122],{"class":74},[60,68106,11097],{"class":134},[60,68108,122],{"class":74},[60,68110,605],{"class":118},[60,68112,315],{"class":74},[20,68114,318],{},[51,68116,68117],{"className":53,"code":931,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,68118,68119],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68120,68121],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68122,931],{"class":78},[20,68124,20911,68125,68128,68129,64852],{},[15,68126,68127],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[3698,68130,52583],{},[20,68132,68133,68134,115],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[260,68135,1875,68136,3471],{"href":42290},[15,68137,1878],{},[46,68139,5733],{"id":5732},[20,68141,68142,68143,68145],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,68144,1878],{},", and print the result.",[51,68147,68149],{"className":53,"code":68148,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,68150,68151,68183,68197,68201],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68152,68153,68155,68157,68159,68161,68163,68165,68167,68169,68171,68173,68175,68177,68179,68181],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68154,377],{"class":66},[60,68156,71],{"class":70},[60,68158,75],{"class":74},[60,68160,256],{"class":255},[60,68162,386],{"class":259},[60,68164,256],{"class":255},[60,68166,82],{"class":74},[60,68168,267],{"class":255},[60,68170,404],{"class":259},[60,68172,256],{"class":255},[60,68174,82],{"class":74},[60,68176,267],{"class":255},[60,68178,395],{"class":259},[60,68180,256],{"class":255},[60,68182,101],{"class":74},[60,68184,68185,68187,68189,68191,68193,68195],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,68186,41176],{"class":66},[60,68188,71],{"class":70},[60,68190,38319],{"class":134},[60,68192,122],{"class":74},[60,68194,431],{"class":118},[60,68196,128],{"class":74},[60,68198,68199],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,68200,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,68202,68203,68205,68207,68209],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,68204,135],{"class":134},[60,68206,122],{"class":74},[60,68208,119],{"class":118},[60,68210,128],{"class":74},[20,68212,318],{},[51,68214,68215],{"className":53,"code":931,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,68216,68217],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68218,68219],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68220,931],{"class":78},[20,68222,11620],{},[30,68224,68225,68230,68237],{},[33,68226,68227,68229],{},[15,68228,431],{}," is a list with 3 items",[33,68231,68232,2361,68235],{},[15,68233,68234],{},"len(colors)",[15,68236,189],{},[33,68238,68239,68240],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,68241,119],{},[20,68243,68244],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[51,68246,68248],{"className":53,"code":68247,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,68249,68250,68282],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68251,68252,68254,68256,68258,68260,68262,68264,68266,68268,68270,68272,68274,68276,68278,68280],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68253,377],{"class":66},[60,68255,71],{"class":70},[60,68257,75],{"class":74},[60,68259,256],{"class":255},[60,68261,386],{"class":259},[60,68263,256],{"class":255},[60,68265,82],{"class":74},[60,68267,267],{"class":255},[60,68269,404],{"class":259},[60,68271,256],{"class":255},[60,68273,82],{"class":74},[60,68275,267],{"class":255},[60,68277,395],{"class":259},[60,68279,256],{"class":255},[60,68281,101],{"class":74},[60,68283,68284,68286,68288,68290,68292,68294],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,68285,135],{"class":134},[60,68287,122],{"class":74},[60,68289,11097],{"class":134},[60,68291,122],{"class":74},[60,68293,431],{"class":118},[60,68295,315],{"class":74},[46,68297,68299],{"id":68298},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,68301,68302,68303,115],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,68304,195],{},[51,68306,68308],{"className":53,"code":68307,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,68309,68310,68318],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68311,68312,68314,68316],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68313,777],{"class":66},[60,68315,71],{"class":70},[60,68317,7778],{"class":74},[60,68319,68320,68322,68324,68326,68328,68330],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,68321,135],{"class":134},[60,68323,122],{"class":74},[60,68325,11097],{"class":134},[60,68327,122],{"class":74},[60,68329,828],{"class":118},[60,68331,315],{"class":74},[20,68333,318],{},[51,68335,68336],{"className":53,"code":1107,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,68337,68338],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68339,68340],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68341,1107],{"class":78},[20,68343,68344],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[51,68346,68348],{"className":53,"code":68347,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,68349,68350,68358,68362,68380,68394,68400],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68351,68352,68354,68356],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68353,777],{"class":66},[60,68355,71],{"class":70},[60,68357,7778],{"class":74},[60,68359,68360],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,68361,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,68363,68364,68366,68368,68370,68372,68374,68376,68378],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,68365,6939],{"class":1537},[60,68367,38319],{"class":134},[60,68369,122],{"class":74},[60,68371,828],{"class":118},[60,68373,143],{"class":74},[60,68375,38329],{"class":70},[60,68377,3789],{"class":78},[60,68379,1712],{"class":74},[60,68381,68382,68384,68386,68388,68390,68392],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,68383,1718],{"class":134},[60,68385,122],{"class":74},[60,68387,828],{"class":118},[60,68389,3854],{"class":74},[60,68391,195],{"class":78},[60,68393,1193],{"class":74},[60,68395,68396,68398],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,68397,27367],{"class":1537},[60,68399,1712],{"class":74},[60,68401,68402,68404,68406,68408,68410,68412],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,68403,1718],{"class":134},[60,68405,122],{"class":74},[60,68407,256],{"class":255},[60,68409,51742],{"class":259},[60,68411,256],{"class":255},[60,68413,128],{"class":74},[20,68415,318],{},[51,68417,68419],{"className":53,"code":68418,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"The list is empty\n",[15,68420,68421],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68422,68423,68425,68427,68429],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68424,1947],{"class":66},[60,68426,8033],{"class":1656},[60,68428,8036],{"class":70},[60,68430,8042],{"class":66},[20,68432,68433,68434,68436],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[260,68435,1343],{"href":1342}," is a good next step.",[46,68438,68440],{"id":68439},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,68442,68443,68445,68446,68449],{},[15,68444,1878],{}," counts only the ",[3698,68447,68448],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,68451,68452],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[51,68454,68456],{"className":53,"code":68455,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,68457,68458,68494],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68459,68460,68462,68464,68466,68468,68470,68472,68474,68476,68478,68480,68482,68484,68486,68488,68490,68492],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68461,1127],{"class":66},[60,68463,71],{"class":70},[60,68465,782],{"class":74},[60,68467,79],{"class":78},[60,68469,82],{"class":74},[60,68471,85],{"class":78},[60,68473,791],{"class":74},[60,68475,75],{"class":74},[60,68477,189],{"class":78},[60,68479,82],{"class":74},[60,68481,800],{"class":78},[60,68483,791],{"class":74},[60,68485,75],{"class":74},[60,68487,1086],{"class":78},[60,68489,82],{"class":74},[60,68491,37578],{"class":78},[60,68493,819],{"class":74},[60,68495,68496,68498,68500,68502,68504,68506],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,68497,135],{"class":134},[60,68499,122],{"class":74},[60,68501,11097],{"class":134},[60,68503,122],{"class":74},[60,68505,9139],{"class":118},[60,68507,315],{"class":74},[20,68509,318],{},[51,68511,68512],{"className":53,"code":931,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,68513,68514],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68515,68516],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68517,931],{"class":78},[20,68519,68520],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,68522,52006],{},[51,68524,68526],{"className":53,"code":68525,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,68527,68528,68554],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68529,68530,68532,68534,68536,68538,68540,68542,68544,68546,68548,68550,68552],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68531,59231],{"class":66},[60,68533,71],{"class":70},[60,68535,75],{"class":74},[60,68537,79],{"class":78},[60,68539,82],{"class":74},[60,68541,75],{"class":74},[60,68543,125],{"class":78},[60,68545,82],{"class":74},[60,68547,94],{"class":78},[60,68549,791],{"class":74},[60,68551,800],{"class":78},[60,68553,101],{"class":74},[60,68555,68556,68558,68560,68562,68564,68566],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,68557,135],{"class":134},[60,68559,122],{"class":74},[60,68561,11097],{"class":134},[60,68563,122],{"class":74},[60,68565,59284],{"class":118},[60,68567,315],{"class":74},[20,68569,318],{},[51,68571,68572],{"className":53,"code":931,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,68573,68574],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68575,68576],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68577,931],{"class":78},[20,68579,20911,68580,68583],{},[15,68581,68582],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[46,68585,4468],{"id":4467},[553,68587,8356,68589,11028,68592],{"id":68588},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,68590,68591],{},"my_list.len()",[15,68593,68037],{},[20,68595,68596],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,68598,16579],{},[51,68600,68602],{"className":53,"code":68601,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,68603,68604,68624],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68605,68606,68608,68610,68612,68614,68616,68618,68620,68622],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68607,67],{"class":66},[60,68609,71],{"class":70},[60,68611,75],{"class":74},[60,68613,873],{"class":78},[60,68615,82],{"class":74},[60,68617,878],{"class":78},[60,68619,82],{"class":74},[60,68621,888],{"class":78},[60,68623,101],{"class":74},[60,68625,68626,68628,68630,68632,68634,68636],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,68627,135],{"class":134},[60,68629,122],{"class":74},[60,68631,1506],{"class":118},[60,68633,115],{"class":74},[60,68635,11097],{"class":118},[60,68637,7136],{"class":74},[20,68639,16591],{},[51,68641,68643],{"className":53,"code":68642,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,68644,68645,68665],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68646,68647,68649,68651,68653,68655,68657,68659,68661,68663],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68648,67],{"class":66},[60,68650,71],{"class":70},[60,68652,75],{"class":74},[60,68654,873],{"class":78},[60,68656,82],{"class":74},[60,68658,878],{"class":78},[60,68660,82],{"class":74},[60,68662,888],{"class":78},[60,68664,101],{"class":74},[60,68666,68667,68669,68671,68673,68675,68677],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,68668,135],{"class":134},[60,68670,122],{"class":74},[60,68672,11097],{"class":134},[60,68674,122],{"class":74},[60,68676,1506],{"class":118},[60,68678,315],{"class":74},[20,68680,68681,68683],{},[15,68682,1878],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[553,68685,25620],{"id":25619},[20,68687,16579],{},[51,68689,68691],{"className":53,"code":68690,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,68692,68693,68713],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68694,68695,68697,68699,68701,68703,68705,68707,68709,68711],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68696,67],{"class":66},[60,68698,71],{"class":70},[60,68700,75],{"class":74},[60,68702,873],{"class":78},[60,68704,82],{"class":74},[60,68706,878],{"class":78},[60,68708,82],{"class":74},[60,68710,888],{"class":78},[60,68712,101],{"class":74},[60,68714,68715,68717,68719,68721],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,68716,135],{"class":134},[60,68718,122],{"class":74},[60,68720,11097],{"class":134},[60,68722,128],{"class":74},[20,68724,68725],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,68727,16591],{},[51,68729,68730],{"className":53,"code":68642,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,68731,68732,68752],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68733,68734,68736,68738,68740,68742,68744,68746,68748,68750],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68735,67],{"class":66},[60,68737,71],{"class":70},[60,68739,75],{"class":74},[60,68741,873],{"class":78},[60,68743,82],{"class":74},[60,68745,878],{"class":78},[60,68747,82],{"class":74},[60,68749,888],{"class":78},[60,68751,101],{"class":74},[60,68753,68754,68756,68758,68760,68762,68764],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,68755,135],{"class":134},[60,68757,122],{"class":74},[60,68759,11097],{"class":134},[60,68761,122],{"class":74},[60,68763,1506],{"class":118},[60,68765,315],{"class":74},[553,68767,68769],{"id":68768},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,68771,68772,68773,68775],{},"The length of a list is ",[3698,68774,4581],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,68777,238],{},[51,68779,68781],{"className":53,"code":68780,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,68782,68783,68815],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68784,68785,68787,68789,68791,68793,68795,68797,68799,68801,68803,68805,68807,68809,68811,68813],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68786,248],{"class":66},[60,68788,71],{"class":70},[60,68790,75],{"class":74},[60,68792,256],{"class":255},[60,68794,260],{"class":259},[60,68796,256],{"class":255},[60,68798,82],{"class":74},[60,68800,267],{"class":255},[60,68802,270],{"class":259},[60,68804,256],{"class":255},[60,68806,82],{"class":74},[60,68808,267],{"class":255},[60,68810,287],{"class":259},[60,68812,256],{"class":255},[60,68814,101],{"class":74},[60,68816,68817,68819,68821,68823,68825,68827],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,68818,135],{"class":134},[60,68820,122],{"class":74},[60,68822,11097],{"class":134},[60,68824,122],{"class":74},[60,68826,300],{"class":118},[60,68828,315],{"class":74},[20,68830,318],{},[51,68832,68833],{"className":53,"code":931,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,68834,68835],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68836,68837],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68838,931],{"class":78},[20,68840,68841,68842,18897,68844,115],{},"But the last index is ",[15,68843,125],{},[15,68845,189],{},[20,68847,68848],{},"Indexes are:",[30,68850,68851,68858,68864],{},[33,68852,68853,68855,68856],{},[15,68854,195],{}," for ",[15,68857,18029],{},[33,68859,68860,68855,68862],{},[15,68861,79],{},[15,68863,65355],{},[33,68865,68866,68855,68868],{},[15,68867,125],{},[15,68869,66241],{},[20,68871,68872],{},"So this causes an error:",[51,68874,68876],{"className":53,"code":68875,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,68877,68878,68910],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68879,68880,68882,68884,68886,68888,68890,68892,68894,68896,68898,68900,68902,68904,68906,68908],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68881,248],{"class":66},[60,68883,71],{"class":70},[60,68885,75],{"class":74},[60,68887,256],{"class":255},[60,68889,260],{"class":259},[60,68891,256],{"class":255},[60,68893,82],{"class":74},[60,68895,267],{"class":255},[60,68897,270],{"class":259},[60,68899,256],{"class":255},[60,68901,82],{"class":74},[60,68903,267],{"class":255},[60,68905,287],{"class":259},[60,68907,256],{"class":255},[60,68909,101],{"class":74},[60,68911,68912,68914,68916,68918,68920,68922,68924,68926],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,68913,135],{"class":134},[60,68915,122],{"class":74},[60,68917,300],{"class":118},[60,68919,3854],{"class":74},[60,68921,11097],{"class":134},[60,68923,122],{"class":74},[60,68925,300],{"class":118},[60,68927,10615],{"class":74},[20,68929,8432,68930,4733,68933,68935,68936,68938],{},[15,68931,68932],{},"len(letters)",[15,68934,189],{},", and index ",[15,68937,189],{}," does not exist.",[20,68940,18774],{},[51,68942,68944],{"className":53,"code":68943,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,68945,68946,68978],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68947,68948,68950,68952,68954,68956,68958,68960,68962,68964,68966,68968,68970,68972,68974,68976],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68949,248],{"class":66},[60,68951,71],{"class":70},[60,68953,75],{"class":74},[60,68955,256],{"class":255},[60,68957,260],{"class":259},[60,68959,256],{"class":255},[60,68961,82],{"class":74},[60,68963,267],{"class":255},[60,68965,270],{"class":259},[60,68967,256],{"class":255},[60,68969,82],{"class":74},[60,68971,267],{"class":255},[60,68973,287],{"class":259},[60,68975,256],{"class":255},[60,68977,101],{"class":74},[60,68979,68980,68982,68984,68986,68988,68990,68992,68994,68996,68998,69000],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,68981,135],{"class":134},[60,68983,122],{"class":74},[60,68985,300],{"class":118},[60,68987,3854],{"class":74},[60,68989,11097],{"class":134},[60,68991,122],{"class":74},[60,68993,300],{"class":118},[60,68995,143],{"class":74},[60,68997,2187],{"class":70},[60,68999,695],{"class":78},[60,69001,1193],{"class":74},[20,69003,318],{},[51,69005,69007],{"className":53,"code":69006,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"c\n",[15,69008,69009],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,69010,69011],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,69012,69006],{"class":66},[20,69014,69015,69016,115],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[260,69017,69019],{"href":69018},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[553,69021,8356,69023,69025],{"id":69022},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,69024,1878],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,69027,69028],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,69030,69031],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[51,69033,69035],{"className":53,"code":69034,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,69036,69037,69047,69061,69075],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,69038,69039,69041,69043,69045],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,69040,135],{"class":134},[60,69042,122],{"class":74},[60,69044,212],{"class":118},[60,69046,128],{"class":74},[60,69048,69049,69051,69053,69055,69057,69059],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,69050,135],{"class":134},[60,69052,122],{"class":74},[60,69054,11097],{"class":134},[60,69056,122],{"class":74},[60,69058,212],{"class":118},[60,69060,315],{"class":74},[60,69062,69063,69065,69067,69069,69071,69073],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,69064,135],{"class":134},[60,69066,122],{"class":74},[60,69068,1657],{"class":1656},[60,69070,122],{"class":74},[60,69072,212],{"class":118},[60,69074,315],{"class":74},[60,69076,69077,69079,69081,69083,69085,69087],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,69078,135],{"class":134},[60,69080,122],{"class":74},[60,69082,212],{"class":118},[60,69084,3854],{"class":74},[60,69086,195],{"class":78},[60,69088,1193],{"class":74},[20,69090,69091],{},"These help you verify:",[30,69093,69094,69097,69099,69102],{},[33,69095,69096],{},"what the variable contains",[33,69098,60543],{},[33,69100,69101],{},"whether it is really a list",[33,69103,69104],{},"what the first item is",[20,69106,69107,69108,69111],{},"Be careful with ",[15,69109,69110],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[46,69113,1221,69115,69117],{"id":69114},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,69116,1878],{}," with lists",[20,69119,69120,69121,69123],{},"You will often use ",[15,69122,1878],{}," in real programs.",[20,69125,9309],{},[30,69127,69128,69130,69133,69136],{},[33,69129,51696],{},[33,69131,69132],{},"Control loops",[33,69134,69135],{},"Validate input or results",[33,69137,69138],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,69140,69141],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[51,69143,69145],{"className":53,"code":69144,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,69146,69147,69167,69183,69187,69201,69215],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,69148,69149,69151,69153,69155,69157,69159,69161,69163,69165],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,69150,2515],{"class":66},[60,69152,71],{"class":70},[60,69154,75],{"class":74},[60,69156,79],{"class":78},[60,69158,82],{"class":74},[60,69160,85],{"class":78},[60,69162,82],{"class":74},[60,69164,94],{"class":78},[60,69166,101],{"class":74},[60,69168,69169,69171,69173,69175,69177,69179,69181],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,69170,2543],{"class":66},[60,69172,71],{"class":70},[60,69174,75],{"class":74},[60,69176,873],{"class":78},[60,69178,82],{"class":74},[60,69180,878],{"class":78},[60,69182,101],{"class":74},[60,69184,69185],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,69186,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,69188,69189,69191,69193,69195,69197,69199],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,69190,135],{"class":134},[60,69192,122],{"class":74},[60,69194,11097],{"class":134},[60,69196,122],{"class":74},[60,69198,260],{"class":118},[60,69200,315],{"class":74},[60,69202,69203,69205,69207,69209,69211,69213],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,69204,135],{"class":134},[60,69206,122],{"class":74},[60,69208,11097],{"class":134},[60,69210,122],{"class":74},[60,69212,270],{"class":118},[60,69214,315],{"class":74},[60,69216,69217,69219,69221,69223,69225,69227,69229,69231,69233,69235,69237],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,69218,135],{"class":134},[60,69220,122],{"class":74},[60,69222,11097],{"class":134},[60,69224,122],{"class":74},[60,69226,260],{"class":118},[60,69228,143],{"class":74},[60,69230,38329],{"class":70},[60,69232,38319],{"class":134},[60,69234,122],{"class":74},[60,69236,270],{"class":118},[60,69238,315],{"class":74},[20,69240,318],{},[51,69242,69244],{"className":53,"code":69243,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,69245,69246,69250,69254],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,69247,69248],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,69249,931],{"class":78},[60,69251,69252],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,69253,321],{"class":78},[60,69255,69256],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,69257,3933],{"class":685},[20,69259,69260],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[51,69262,69264],{"className":53,"code":69263,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,69265,69266,69298,69302,69324],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,69267,69268,69270,69272,69274,69276,69278,69280,69282,69284,69286,69288,69290,69292,69294,69296],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,69269,1559],{"class":66},[60,69271,71],{"class":70},[60,69273,75],{"class":74},[60,69275,256],{"class":255},[60,69277,12817],{"class":259},[60,69279,256],{"class":255},[60,69281,82],{"class":74},[60,69283,267],{"class":255},[60,69285,35876],{"class":259},[60,69287,256],{"class":255},[60,69289,82],{"class":74},[60,69291,267],{"class":255},[60,69293,35885],{"class":259},[60,69295,256],{"class":255},[60,69297,101],{"class":74},[60,69299,69300],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,69301,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,69303,69304,69306,69309,69311,69313,69315,69317,69319,69321],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,69305,1702],{"class":1537},[60,69307,69308],{"class":66}," i ",[60,69310,511],{"class":1537},[60,69312,53994],{"class":134},[60,69314,122],{"class":74},[60,69316,11097],{"class":134},[60,69318,122],{"class":74},[60,69320,1599],{"class":118},[60,69322,69323],{"class":74},")):\n",[60,69325,69326,69328,69330,69332,69334,69337,69339,69341],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,69327,1718],{"class":134},[60,69329,122],{"class":74},[60,69331,36088],{"class":118},[60,69333,82],{"class":74},[60,69335,69336],{"class":118}," names",[60,69338,3854],{"class":74},[60,69340,36088],{"class":118},[60,69342,1193],{"class":74},[20,69344,318],{},[51,69346,69347],{"className":53,"code":35934,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,69348,69349,69355,69361],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,69350,69351,69353],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,69352,195],{"class":78},[60,69354,35943],{"class":66},[60,69356,69357,69359],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,69358,79],{"class":78},[60,69360,35950],{"class":66},[60,69362,69363,69365],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,69364,125],{"class":78},[60,69366,35957],{"class":66},[20,69368,69369,69370,115],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[260,69371,69373],{"href":69372},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,69375,69376,69377,69379],{},"You can also read ",[260,69378,51473],{"href":51472}," for a task-focused guide.",[46,69381,1773],{"id":1772},[553,69383,69385],{"id":69384},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,69387,150,69388,69391],{},[15,69389,69390],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[553,69393,5090,69395,12652],{"id":69394},"what-does-len-return",[15,69396,69397],{},"len([])",[20,69399,5096,69400,69402],{},[15,69401,195],{}," because the list is empty.",[553,69404,69406],{"id":69405},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,69408,69409],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[553,69411,28261,69413,69415],{"id":69412},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69414,68591],{}," in Python?",[20,69417,30202,69418,8162,69420,69422],{},[15,69419,68037],{},[15,69421,1878],{}," is a built-in function.",[46,69424,1842],{"id":1841},[30,69426,69427,69433,69437,69441,69445],{},[33,69428,69429],{},[260,69430,1875,69431,3471],{"href":42290},[15,69432,1878],{},[33,69434,69435],{},[260,69436,52517],{"href":51472},[33,69438,69439],{},[260,69440,1343],{"href":1342},[33,69442,69443],{},[260,69444,69019],{"href":69018},[33,69446,69447],{},[260,69448,69449],{"href":69372},"How to loop through a list in Python",[1885,69451,69452],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":69454},[69455,69456,69458,69459,69460,69461,69469,69471,69479],{"id":15096,"depth":104,"text":15097},{"id":68029,"depth":104,"text":69457},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5732,"depth":104,"text":5733},{"id":68298,"depth":104,"text":68299},{"id":68439,"depth":104,"text":68440},{"id":4467,"depth":104,"text":4468,"children":69462},[69463,69465,69466,69467],{"id":68588,"depth":131,"text":69464},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25619,"depth":131,"text":25620},{"id":68768,"depth":131,"text":68769},{"id":69022,"depth":131,"text":69468},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69114,"depth":104,"text":69470},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":69472},[69473,69474,69476,69477],{"id":69384,"depth":131,"text":69385},{"id":69394,"depth":131,"text":69475},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69405,"depth":131,"text":69406},{"id":69412,"depth":131,"text":69478},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":67924,"description":69480},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69486,"title":69487,"body":69488,"description":71470,"extension":1930,"meta":71471,"navigation":421,"path":71472,"seo":71473,"stem":71474,"__hash__":71475},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69489,"toc":71443},[69490,69493,69498,69501,69509,69522,69524,69589,69591,69613,69618,69622,69627,69635,69637,69647,69649,69730,69732,69762,69764,69783,69788,69805,69807,69891,69893,69923,69928,69932,69938,70022,70024,70054,70057,70061,70064,70155,70157,70195,70198,70283,70285,70315,70321,70328,70332,70337,70346,70348,70433,70435,70464,70467,70475,70479,70483,70492,70515,70517,70539,70541,70555,70557,70617,70621,70626,70665,70667,70684,70686,70696,70795,70800,70804,70809,70852,70854,70882,70884,70898,70973,70975,70997,71001,71004,71009,71020,71025,71033,71036,71107,71109,71134,71191,71193,71214,71223,71231,71236,71238,71243,71264,71267,71342,71345,71359,71366,71368,71372,71378,71382,71392,71396,71403,71407,71413,71415,71440],[10,69491,69487],{"id":69492},"python-list-pop-method",[20,69494,69495,69497],{},[15,69496,55005],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,69499,69500],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[30,69502,69503,69506],{},[33,69504,69505],{},"delete an item from a list",[33,69507,69508],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,69510,69511,69512,69514,69515,8640,69517,69521],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,69513,12699],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,69516,12699],{},[260,69518,69519],{"href":54995},[15,69520,55451],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[46,69523,1972],{"id":1971},[51,69525,69527],{"className":53,"code":69526,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,69528,69529,69549,69564,69568,69579],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,69530,69531,69533,69535,69537,69539,69541,69543,69545,69547],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,69532,67],{"class":66},[60,69534,71],{"class":70},[60,69536,75],{"class":74},[60,69538,873],{"class":78},[60,69540,82],{"class":74},[60,69542,878],{"class":78},[60,69544,82],{"class":74},[60,69546,888],{"class":78},[60,69548,101],{"class":74},[60,69550,69551,69554,69556,69558,69560,69562],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,69552,69553],{"class":66},"last_item ",[60,69555,71],{"class":70},[60,69557,112],{"class":66},[60,69559,115],{"class":74},[60,69561,26174],{"class":118},[60,69563,8579],{"class":74},[60,69565,69566],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,69567,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,69569,69570,69572,69574,69577],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,69571,135],{"class":134},[60,69573,122],{"class":74},[60,69575,69576],{"class":118},"last_item",[60,69578,128],{"class":74},[60,69580,69581,69583,69585,69587],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,69582,135],{"class":134},[60,69584,122],{"class":74},[60,69586,1506],{"class":118},[60,69588,128],{"class":74},[20,69590,318],{},[51,69592,69594],{"className":53,"code":69593,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,69595,69596,69601],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,69597,69598],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,69599,69600],{"class":78},"30\n",[60,69602,69603,69605,69607,69609,69611],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,69604,3854],{"class":74},[60,69606,873],{"class":78},[60,69608,82],{"class":74},[60,69610,878],{"class":78},[60,69612,101],{"class":74},[20,69614,150,69615,69617],{},[15,69616,12699],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[46,69619,69621],{"id":69620},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,69623,69624,69626],{},[15,69625,12699],{}," has two main jobs:",[30,69628,69629,69632],{},[33,69630,69631],{},"It removes one item from a list",[33,69633,69634],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,69636,531],{},[30,69638,69639,69642,69645],{},[33,69640,69641],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[33,69643,69644],{},"It changes the original list",[33,69646,52672],{},[20,69648,238],{},[51,69650,69652],{"className":53,"code":69651,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,69653,69654,69686,69690,69705,69709,69720],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,69655,69656,69658,69660,69662,69664,69666,69668,69670,69672,69674,69676,69678,69680,69682,69684],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,69657,377],{"class":66},[60,69659,71],{"class":70},[60,69661,75],{"class":74},[60,69663,256],{"class":255},[60,69665,386],{"class":259},[60,69667,256],{"class":255},[60,69669,82],{"class":74},[60,69671,267],{"class":255},[60,69673,404],{"class":259},[60,69675,256],{"class":255},[60,69677,82],{"class":74},[60,69679,267],{"class":255},[60,69681,395],{"class":259},[60,69683,256],{"class":255},[60,69685,101],{"class":74},[60,69687,69688],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,69689,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,69691,69692,69695,69697,69699,69701,69703],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,69693,69694],{"class":66},"removed ",[60,69696,71],{"class":70},[60,69698,13058],{"class":66},[60,69700,115],{"class":74},[60,69702,26174],{"class":118},[60,69704,8579],{"class":74},[60,69706,69707],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,69708,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,69710,69711,69713,69715,69718],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,69712,135],{"class":134},[60,69714,122],{"class":74},[60,69716,69717],{"class":118},"removed",[60,69719,128],{"class":74},[60,69721,69722,69724,69726,69728],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,69723,135],{"class":134},[60,69725,122],{"class":74},[60,69727,431],{"class":118},[60,69729,128],{"class":74},[20,69731,318],{},[51,69733,69735],{"className":53,"code":69734,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,69736,69737,69742],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,69738,69739],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,69740,69741],{"class":66},"blue\n",[60,69743,69744,69746,69748,69750,69752,69754,69756,69758,69760],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,69745,3854],{"class":74},[60,69747,3261],{"class":255},[60,69749,386],{"class":259},[60,69751,3261],{"class":255},[60,69753,82],{"class":74},[60,69755,3256],{"class":255},[60,69757,404],{"class":259},[60,69759,3261],{"class":255},[60,69761,101],{"class":74},[46,69763,199],{"id":198},[51,69765,69767],{"className":53,"code":69766,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,69768,69769],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,69770,69771,69773,69775,69777,69779,69781],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,69772,8033],{"class":1656},[60,69774,115],{"class":74},[60,69776,26174],{"class":118},[60,69778,835],{"class":74},[60,69780,35781],{"class":118},[60,69782,1193],{"class":74},[20,69784,1947,69785,69787],{},[15,69786,35781],{}," is optional.",[30,69789,69790,69796,69802],{},[33,69791,69792,69793,69795],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,69794,12699],{}," removes the last item",[33,69797,69798,69799,69801],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,69800,12699],{}," removes the item at that position",[33,69803,69804],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,69806,238],{},[51,69808,69810],{"className":53,"code":69809,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,69811,69812,69844,69848,69867,69871,69881],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,69813,69814,69816,69818,69820,69822,69824,69826,69828,69830,69832,69834,69836,69838,69840,69842],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,69815,248],{"class":66},[60,69817,71],{"class":70},[60,69819,75],{"class":74},[60,69821,256],{"class":255},[60,69823,260],{"class":259},[60,69825,256],{"class":255},[60,69827,82],{"class":74},[60,69829,267],{"class":255},[60,69831,270],{"class":259},[60,69833,256],{"class":255},[60,69835,82],{"class":74},[60,69837,267],{"class":255},[60,69839,287],{"class":259},[60,69841,256],{"class":255},[60,69843,101],{"class":74},[60,69845,69846],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,69847,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,69849,69850,69852,69854,69857,69859,69861,69863,69865],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,69851,28471],{"class":66},[60,69853,71],{"class":70},[60,69855,69856],{"class":66}," letters",[60,69858,115],{"class":74},[60,69860,26174],{"class":118},[60,69862,122],{"class":74},[60,69864,79],{"class":78},[60,69866,128],{"class":74},[60,69868,69869],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,69870,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,69872,69873,69875,69877,69879],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,69874,135],{"class":134},[60,69876,122],{"class":74},[60,69878,1728],{"class":118},[60,69880,128],{"class":74},[60,69882,69883,69885,69887,69889],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,69884,135],{"class":134},[60,69886,122],{"class":74},[60,69888,300],{"class":118},[60,69890,128],{"class":74},[20,69892,318],{},[51,69894,69896],{"className":53,"code":69895,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,69897,69898,69903],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,69899,69900],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,69901,69902],{"class":66},"b\n",[60,69904,69905,69907,69909,69911,69913,69915,69917,69919,69921],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,69906,3854],{"class":74},[60,69908,3261],{"class":255},[60,69910,260],{"class":259},[60,69912,3261],{"class":255},[60,69914,82],{"class":74},[60,69916,3256],{"class":255},[60,69918,287],{"class":259},[60,69920,3261],{"class":255},[60,69922,101],{"class":74},[20,69924,69925,69926,115],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[260,69927,1343],{"href":1342},[46,69929,69931],{"id":69930},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,69933,69934,69935,69937],{},"When you call ",[15,69936,12699],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[51,69939,69941],{"className":53,"code":69940,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,69942,69943,69978,69982,69997,70001,70012],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,69944,69945,69947,69949,69951,69953,69956,69958,69960,69962,69965,69967,69969,69971,69974,69976],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,69946,29829],{"class":66},[60,69948,71],{"class":70},[60,69950,75],{"class":74},[60,69952,256],{"class":255},[60,69954,69955],{"class":259},"write",[60,69957,256],{"class":255},[60,69959,82],{"class":74},[60,69961,267],{"class":255},[60,69963,69964],{"class":259},"test",[60,69966,256],{"class":255},[60,69968,82],{"class":74},[60,69970,267],{"class":255},[60,69972,69973],{"class":259},"submit",[60,69975,256],{"class":255},[60,69977,101],{"class":74},[60,69979,69980],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,69981,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,69983,69984,69987,69989,69991,69993,69995],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,69985,69986],{"class":66},"last_task ",[60,69988,71],{"class":70},[60,69990,29907],{"class":66},[60,69992,115],{"class":74},[60,69994,26174],{"class":118},[60,69996,8579],{"class":74},[60,69998,69999],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,70000,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,70002,70003,70005,70007,70010],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,70004,135],{"class":134},[60,70006,122],{"class":74},[60,70008,70009],{"class":118},"last_task",[60,70011,128],{"class":74},[60,70013,70014,70016,70018,70020],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,70015,135],{"class":134},[60,70017,122],{"class":74},[60,70019,36440],{"class":118},[60,70021,128],{"class":74},[20,70023,318],{},[51,70025,70027],{"className":53,"code":70026,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,70028,70029,70034],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,70030,70031],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,70032,70033],{"class":66},"submit\n",[60,70035,70036,70038,70040,70042,70044,70046,70048,70050,70052],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,70037,3854],{"class":74},[60,70039,3261],{"class":255},[60,70041,69955],{"class":259},[60,70043,3261],{"class":255},[60,70045,82],{"class":74},[60,70047,3256],{"class":255},[60,70049,69964],{"class":259},[60,70051,3261],{"class":255},[60,70053,101],{"class":74},[20,70055,70056],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[46,70058,70060],{"id":70059},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,70062,70063],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[51,70065,70067],{"className":53,"code":70066,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70068,70069,70109,70113,70131,70135,70145],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,70070,70071,70073,70075,70077,70079,70081,70083,70085,70087,70089,70091,70093,70095,70097,70099,70101,70103,70105,70107],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,70072,36173],{"class":66},[60,70074,71],{"class":70},[60,70076,75],{"class":74},[60,70078,256],{"class":255},[60,70080,575],{"class":259},[60,70082,256],{"class":255},[60,70084,82],{"class":74},[60,70086,267],{"class":255},[60,70088,1392],{"class":259},[60,70090,256],{"class":255},[60,70092,82],{"class":74},[60,70094,267],{"class":255},[60,70096,4048],{"class":259},[60,70098,256],{"class":255},[60,70100,82],{"class":74},[60,70102,267],{"class":255},[60,70104,33154],{"class":259},[60,70106,256],{"class":255},[60,70108,101],{"class":74},[60,70110,70111],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,70112,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,70114,70115,70117,70119,70121,70123,70125,70127,70129],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,70116,69694],{"class":66},[60,70118,71],{"class":70},[60,70120,52777],{"class":66},[60,70122,115],{"class":74},[60,70124,26174],{"class":118},[60,70126,122],{"class":74},[60,70128,79],{"class":78},[60,70130,128],{"class":74},[60,70132,70133],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,70134,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,70136,70137,70139,70141,70143],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,70138,135],{"class":134},[60,70140,122],{"class":74},[60,70142,69717],{"class":118},[60,70144,128],{"class":74},[60,70146,70147,70149,70151,70153],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,70148,135],{"class":134},[60,70150,122],{"class":74},[60,70152,36225],{"class":118},[60,70154,128],{"class":74},[20,70156,318],{},[51,70158,70160],{"className":53,"code":70159,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,70161,70162,70167],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,70163,70164],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,70165,70166],{"class":66},"banana\n",[60,70168,70169,70171,70173,70175,70177,70179,70181,70183,70185,70187,70189,70191,70193],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,70170,3854],{"class":74},[60,70172,3261],{"class":255},[60,70174,575],{"class":259},[60,70176,3261],{"class":255},[60,70178,82],{"class":74},[60,70180,3256],{"class":255},[60,70182,4048],{"class":259},[60,70184,3261],{"class":255},[60,70186,82],{"class":74},[60,70188,3256],{"class":255},[60,70190,33154],{"class":259},[60,70192,3261],{"class":255},[60,70194,101],{"class":74},[20,70196,70197],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[51,70199,70201],{"className":53,"code":70200,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70202,70203,70235,70239,70259,70263,70273],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,70204,70205,70207,70209,70211,70213,70215,70217,70219,70221,70223,70225,70227,70229,70231,70233],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,70206,36173],{"class":66},[60,70208,71],{"class":70},[60,70210,75],{"class":74},[60,70212,256],{"class":255},[60,70214,575],{"class":259},[60,70216,256],{"class":255},[60,70218,82],{"class":74},[60,70220,267],{"class":255},[60,70222,1392],{"class":259},[60,70224,256],{"class":255},[60,70226,82],{"class":74},[60,70228,267],{"class":255},[60,70230,4048],{"class":259},[60,70232,256],{"class":255},[60,70234,101],{"class":74},[60,70236,70237],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,70238,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,70240,70241,70243,70245,70247,70249,70251,70253,70255,70257],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,70242,69694],{"class":66},[60,70244,71],{"class":70},[60,70246,52777],{"class":66},[60,70248,115],{"class":74},[60,70250,26174],{"class":118},[60,70252,122],{"class":74},[60,70254,1991],{"class":70},[60,70256,79],{"class":78},[60,70258,128],{"class":74},[60,70260,70261],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,70262,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,70264,70265,70267,70269,70271],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,70266,135],{"class":134},[60,70268,122],{"class":74},[60,70270,69717],{"class":118},[60,70272,128],{"class":74},[60,70274,70275,70277,70279,70281],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,70276,135],{"class":134},[60,70278,122],{"class":74},[60,70280,36225],{"class":118},[60,70282,128],{"class":74},[20,70284,318],{},[51,70286,70288],{"className":53,"code":70287,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,70289,70290,70295],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,70291,70292],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,70293,70294],{"class":66},"cherry\n",[60,70296,70297,70299,70301,70303,70305,70307,70309,70311,70313],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,70298,3854],{"class":74},[60,70300,3261],{"class":255},[60,70302,575],{"class":259},[60,70304,3261],{"class":255},[60,70306,82],{"class":74},[60,70308,3256],{"class":255},[60,70310,1392],{"class":259},[60,70312,3261],{"class":255},[60,70314,101],{"class":74},[20,70316,70317,70318,70320],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,70319,65614],{}," means the last item.",[20,70322,70323,70324,115],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[260,70325,70326,1869],{"href":1864},[15,70327,64625],{},[46,70329,70331],{"id":70330},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,70333,70334,70336],{},[15,70335,12699],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,70338,70339,70340,544,70342,115],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,70341,12699],{},[260,70343,70344],{"href":54995},[15,70345,55451],{},[20,70347,238],{},[51,70349,70351],{"className":53,"code":70350,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,70352,70353,70385,70389,70408,70412,70423],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,70354,70355,70357,70359,70361,70363,70365,70367,70369,70371,70373,70375,70377,70379,70381,70383],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,70356,1559],{"class":66},[60,70358,71],{"class":70},[60,70360,75],{"class":74},[60,70362,256],{"class":255},[60,70364,12817],{"class":259},[60,70366,256],{"class":255},[60,70368,82],{"class":74},[60,70370,267],{"class":255},[60,70372,35876],{"class":259},[60,70374,256],{"class":255},[60,70376,82],{"class":74},[60,70378,267],{"class":255},[60,70380,35885],{"class":259},[60,70382,256],{"class":255},[60,70384,101],{"class":74},[60,70386,70387],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,70388,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,70390,70391,70394,70396,70398,70400,70402,70404,70406],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,70392,70393],{"class":66},"removed_name ",[60,70395,71],{"class":70},[60,70397,69336],{"class":66},[60,70399,115],{"class":74},[60,70401,26174],{"class":118},[60,70403,122],{"class":74},[60,70405,195],{"class":78},[60,70407,128],{"class":74},[60,70409,70410],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,70411,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,70413,70414,70416,70418,70421],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,70415,135],{"class":134},[60,70417,122],{"class":74},[60,70419,70420],{"class":118},"removed_name",[60,70422,128],{"class":74},[60,70424,70425,70427,70429,70431],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,70426,135],{"class":134},[60,70428,122],{"class":74},[60,70430,1599],{"class":118},[60,70432,128],{"class":74},[20,70434,318],{},[51,70436,70438],{"className":53,"code":70437,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70439,70440,70444],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,70441,70442],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,70443,49971],{"class":66},[60,70445,70446,70448,70450,70452,70454,70456,70458,70460,70462],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,70447,3854],{"class":74},[60,70449,3261],{"class":255},[60,70451,35876],{"class":259},[60,70453,3261],{"class":255},[60,70455,82],{"class":74},[60,70457,3256],{"class":255},[60,70459,35885],{"class":259},[60,70461,3261],{"class":255},[60,70463,101],{"class":74},[20,70465,70466],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,70468,70469,70470,70472,70473,115],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70471,55451],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70474,3734],{},[46,70476,70478],{"id":70477},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[553,70480,70482],{"id":70481},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,70484,70485,70486,70488,70489,115],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70487,12699],{}," raises an ",[15,70490,70491],{},"IndexError",[51,70493,70495],{"className":53,"code":70494,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70496,70497,70505],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,70498,70499,70501,70503],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,70500,777],{"class":66},[60,70502,71],{"class":70},[60,70504,7778],{"class":74},[60,70506,70507,70509,70511,70513],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,70508,828],{"class":66},[60,70510,115],{"class":74},[60,70512,26174],{"class":118},[60,70514,8579],{"class":74},[20,70516,318],{},[51,70518,70520],{"className":53,"code":70519,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,70521,70522],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,70523,70524,70526,70528,70531,70534,70537],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,70525,70491],{"class":1656},[60,70527,166],{"class":74},[60,70529,70530],{"class":66}," pop ",[60,70532,70533],{"class":1537},"from",[60,70535,70536],{"class":66}," empty ",[60,70538,49817],{"class":1656},[20,70540,39195],{},[30,70542,70543,70548],{},[33,70544,70545,70546],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,70547,12699],{},[33,70549,70550,70551,544,70553],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,70552,29735],{},[15,70554,29766],{},[20,70556,238],{},[51,70558,70560],{"className":53,"code":70559,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,70561,70562,70570,70574,70582,70596,70602],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,70563,70564,70566,70568],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,70565,777],{"class":66},[60,70567,71],{"class":70},[60,70569,7778],{"class":74},[60,70571,70572],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,70573,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,70575,70576,70578,70580],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,70577,6939],{"class":1537},[60,70579,5910],{"class":66},[60,70581,1712],{"class":74},[60,70583,70584,70586,70588,70590,70592,70594],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,70585,1718],{"class":134},[60,70587,122],{"class":74},[60,70589,828],{"class":118},[60,70591,115],{"class":74},[60,70593,26174],{"class":118},[60,70595,7136],{"class":74},[60,70597,70598,70600],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,70599,27367],{"class":1537},[60,70601,1712],{"class":74},[60,70603,70604,70606,70608,70610,70613,70615],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,70605,1718],{"class":134},[60,70607,122],{"class":74},[60,70609,256],{"class":255},[60,70611,70612],{"class":259},"The list is empty.",[60,70614,256],{"class":255},[60,70616,128],{"class":74},[553,70618,70620],{"id":70619},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,70622,70623,70624,115],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,70625,70491],{},[51,70627,70629],{"className":53,"code":70628,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,70630,70631,70651],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,70632,70633,70635,70637,70639,70641,70643,70645,70647,70649],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,70634,67],{"class":66},[60,70636,71],{"class":70},[60,70638,75],{"class":74},[60,70640,873],{"class":78},[60,70642,82],{"class":74},[60,70644,878],{"class":78},[60,70646,82],{"class":74},[60,70648,888],{"class":78},[60,70650,101],{"class":74},[60,70652,70653,70655,70657,70659,70661,70663],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,70654,1506],{"class":66},[60,70656,115],{"class":74},[60,70658,26174],{"class":118},[60,70660,122],{"class":74},[60,70662,1086],{"class":78},[60,70664,128],{"class":74},[20,70666,318],{},[51,70668,70670],{"className":53,"code":70669,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,70671,70672],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,70673,70674,70676,70678,70681],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,70675,70491],{"class":1656},[60,70677,166],{"class":74},[60,70679,70680],{"class":66}," pop index out of ",[60,70682,70683],{"class":134},"range\n",[20,70685,39195],{},[30,70687,70688,70693],{},[33,70689,70690,70691],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,70692,1878],{},[33,70694,70695],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[51,70697,70699],{"className":53,"code":70698,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,70700,70701,70721,70730,70734,70756,70774,70780],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,70702,70703,70705,70707,70709,70711,70713,70715,70717,70719],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,70704,67],{"class":66},[60,70706,71],{"class":70},[60,70708,75],{"class":74},[60,70710,873],{"class":78},[60,70712,82],{"class":74},[60,70714,878],{"class":78},[60,70716,82],{"class":74},[60,70718,888],{"class":78},[60,70720,101],{"class":74},[60,70722,70723,70726,70728],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,70724,70725],{"class":66},"index ",[60,70727,71],{"class":70},[60,70729,45521],{"class":78},[60,70731,70732],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,70733,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,70735,70736,70738,70740,70743,70746,70748,70750,70752,70754],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,70737,6939],{"class":1537},[60,70739,3789],{"class":78},[60,70741,70742],{"class":70}," \u003C=",[60,70744,70745],{"class":66}," index ",[60,70747,3250],{"class":70},[60,70749,38319],{"class":134},[60,70751,122],{"class":74},[60,70753,1506],{"class":118},[60,70755,8281],{"class":74},[60,70757,70758,70760,70762,70764,70766,70768,70770,70772],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,70759,1718],{"class":134},[60,70761,122],{"class":74},[60,70763,1506],{"class":118},[60,70765,115],{"class":74},[60,70767,26174],{"class":118},[60,70769,122],{"class":74},[60,70771,35781],{"class":118},[60,70773,315],{"class":74},[60,70775,70776,70778],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,70777,27367],{"class":1537},[60,70779,1712],{"class":74},[60,70781,70782,70784,70786,70788,70791,70793],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,70783,1718],{"class":134},[60,70785,122],{"class":74},[60,70787,256],{"class":255},[60,70789,70790],{"class":259},"Index is out of range.",[60,70792,256],{"class":255},[60,70794,128],{"class":74},[20,70796,70797,70798,115],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[260,70799,69019],{"href":69018},[553,70801,70803],{"id":70802},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,70805,70806,70808],{},[15,70807,12699],{}," expects an integer index.",[51,70810,70812],{"className":53,"code":70811,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,70813,70814,70834],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,70815,70816,70818,70820,70822,70824,70826,70828,70830,70832],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,70817,67],{"class":66},[60,70819,71],{"class":70},[60,70821,75],{"class":74},[60,70823,873],{"class":78},[60,70825,82],{"class":74},[60,70827,878],{"class":78},[60,70829,82],{"class":74},[60,70831,888],{"class":78},[60,70833,101],{"class":74},[60,70835,70836,70838,70840,70842,70844,70846,70848,70850],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,70837,1506],{"class":66},[60,70839,115],{"class":74},[60,70841,26174],{"class":118},[60,70843,122],{"class":74},[60,70845,256],{"class":255},[60,70847,79],{"class":259},[60,70849,256],{"class":255},[60,70851,128],{"class":74},[20,70853,318],{},[51,70855,70857],{"className":53,"code":70856,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,70858,70859],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,70860,70861,70863,70865,70867,70869,70871,70873,70876,70879],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,70862,2964],{"class":1656},[60,70864,166],{"class":74},[60,70866,3256],{"class":255},[60,70868,3405],{"class":259},[60,70870,3261],{"class":255},[60,70872,24549],{"class":1656},[60,70874,70875],{"class":66}," cannot be interpreted ",[60,70877,70878],{"class":1537},"as",[60,70880,70881],{"class":66}," an integer\n",[20,70883,39195],{},[30,70885,70886,70895],{},[33,70887,70888,70889,2154,70891,2158,70893],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,70890,195],{},[15,70892,79],{},[15,70894,65614],{},[33,70896,70897],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[51,70899,70901],{"className":53,"code":70900,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70902,70903,70923,70941,70945,70963],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,70904,70905,70907,70909,70911,70913,70915,70917,70919,70921],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,70906,67],{"class":66},[60,70908,71],{"class":70},[60,70910,75],{"class":74},[60,70912,873],{"class":78},[60,70914,82],{"class":74},[60,70916,878],{"class":78},[60,70918,82],{"class":74},[60,70920,888],{"class":78},[60,70922,101],{"class":74},[60,70924,70925,70927,70929,70931,70933,70935,70937,70939],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,70926,70725],{"class":66},[60,70928,71],{"class":70},[60,70930,45208],{"class":1656},[60,70932,122],{"class":74},[60,70934,256],{"class":255},[60,70936,79],{"class":259},[60,70938,256],{"class":255},[60,70940,128],{"class":74},[60,70942,70943],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,70944,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,70946,70947,70949,70951,70953,70955,70957,70959,70961],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,70948,135],{"class":134},[60,70950,122],{"class":74},[60,70952,1506],{"class":118},[60,70954,115],{"class":74},[60,70956,26174],{"class":118},[60,70958,122],{"class":74},[60,70960,35781],{"class":118},[60,70962,315],{"class":74},[60,70964,70965,70967,70969,70971],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,70966,135],{"class":134},[60,70968,122],{"class":74},[60,70970,1506],{"class":118},[60,70972,128],{"class":74},[20,70974,318],{},[51,70976,70978],{"className":53,"code":70977,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,70979,70980,70985],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,70981,70982],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,70983,70984],{"class":78},"20\n",[60,70986,70987,70989,70991,70993,70995],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,70988,3854],{"class":74},[60,70990,873],{"class":78},[60,70992,82],{"class":74},[60,70994,888],{"class":78},[60,70996,101],{"class":74},[46,70998,71000],{"id":70999},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,71002,71003],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[553,71005,150,71007,10537],{"id":71006},"use-pop-when",[15,71008,12699],{},[30,71010,71011,71014,71017],{},[33,71012,71013],{},"you want to remove by index",[33,71015,71016],{},"you want the removed item returned",[33,71018,71019],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[553,71021,150,71023,10537],{"id":71022},"use-remove-when",[15,71024,55451],{},[30,71026,71027,71030],{},[33,71028,71029],{},"you want to remove by value",[33,71031,71032],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,71034,71035],{},"Compare these examples:",[51,71037,71039],{"className":53,"code":71038,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71040,71041,71065,71069,71087,71097],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,71042,71043,71045,71047,71049,71051,71053,71055,71057,71059,71061,71063],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,71044,67],{"class":66},[60,71046,71],{"class":70},[60,71048,75],{"class":74},[60,71050,873],{"class":78},[60,71052,82],{"class":74},[60,71054,878],{"class":78},[60,71056,82],{"class":74},[60,71058,888],{"class":78},[60,71060,82],{"class":74},[60,71062,878],{"class":78},[60,71064,101],{"class":74},[60,71066,71067],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,71068,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,71070,71071,71073,71075,71077,71079,71081,71083,71085],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,71072,69694],{"class":66},[60,71074,71],{"class":70},[60,71076,112],{"class":66},[60,71078,115],{"class":74},[60,71080,26174],{"class":118},[60,71082,122],{"class":74},[60,71084,79],{"class":78},[60,71086,128],{"class":74},[60,71088,71089,71091,71093,71095],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,71090,135],{"class":134},[60,71092,122],{"class":74},[60,71094,69717],{"class":118},[60,71096,128],{"class":74},[60,71098,71099,71101,71103,71105],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,71100,135],{"class":134},[60,71102,122],{"class":74},[60,71104,1506],{"class":118},[60,71106,128],{"class":74},[20,71108,318],{},[51,71110,71112],{"className":53,"code":71111,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71113,71114,71118],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,71115,71116],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,71117,70984],{"class":78},[60,71119,71120,71122,71124,71126,71128,71130,71132],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,71121,3854],{"class":74},[60,71123,873],{"class":78},[60,71125,82],{"class":74},[60,71127,888],{"class":78},[60,71129,82],{"class":74},[60,71131,878],{"class":78},[60,71133,101],{"class":74},[51,71135,71137],{"className":53,"code":71136,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71138,71139,71163,71167,71181],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,71140,71141,71143,71145,71147,71149,71151,71153,71155,71157,71159,71161],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,71142,67],{"class":66},[60,71144,71],{"class":70},[60,71146,75],{"class":74},[60,71148,873],{"class":78},[60,71150,82],{"class":74},[60,71152,878],{"class":78},[60,71154,82],{"class":74},[60,71156,888],{"class":78},[60,71158,82],{"class":74},[60,71160,878],{"class":78},[60,71162,101],{"class":74},[60,71164,71165],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,71166,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,71168,71169,71171,71173,71175,71177,71179],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,71170,1506],{"class":66},[60,71172,115],{"class":74},[60,71174,34728],{"class":118},[60,71176,122],{"class":74},[60,71178,15689],{"class":78},[60,71180,128],{"class":74},[60,71182,71183,71185,71187,71189],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,71184,135],{"class":134},[60,71186,122],{"class":74},[60,71188,1506],{"class":118},[60,71190,128],{"class":74},[20,71192,318],{},[51,71194,71196],{"className":53,"code":71195,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71197,71198],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,71199,71200,71202,71204,71206,71208,71210,71212],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,71201,3854],{"class":74},[60,71203,873],{"class":78},[60,71205,82],{"class":74},[60,71207,888],{"class":78},[60,71209,82],{"class":74},[60,71211,878],{"class":78},[60,71213,101],{"class":74},[20,71215,71216,71217,71220,71221,115],{},"In the first example, ",[15,71218,71219],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,71222,79],{},[20,71224,56526,71225,71228,71229,115],{},[15,71226,71227],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,71230,15689],{},[20,71232,71233,71234,115],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[260,71235,54991],{"href":54990},[46,71237,1351],{"id":1350},[20,71239,71240,71241,166],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,71242,12699],{},[30,71244,71245,71248,71251,71257,71261],{},[33,71246,71247],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[33,71249,71250],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[33,71252,37138,71253,8640,71255],{},[15,71254,12699],{},[15,71256,55451],{},[33,71258,1454,71259,61731],{},[15,71260,12699],{},[33,71262,71263],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,71265,71266],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[51,71268,71270],{"className":53,"code":71269,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,71271,71272,71282,71296,71310,71328],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,71273,71274,71276,71278,71280],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,71275,135],{"class":134},[60,71277,122],{"class":74},[60,71279,212],{"class":118},[60,71281,128],{"class":74},[60,71283,71284,71286,71288,71290,71292,71294],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,71285,135],{"class":134},[60,71287,122],{"class":74},[60,71289,11097],{"class":134},[60,71291,122],{"class":74},[60,71293,212],{"class":118},[60,71295,315],{"class":74},[60,71297,71298,71300,71302,71304,71306,71308],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,71299,135],{"class":134},[60,71301,122],{"class":74},[60,71303,212],{"class":118},[60,71305,115],{"class":74},[60,71307,26174],{"class":118},[60,71309,7136],{"class":74},[60,71311,71312,71314,71316,71318,71320,71322,71324,71326],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,71313,135],{"class":134},[60,71315,122],{"class":74},[60,71317,212],{"class":118},[60,71319,115],{"class":74},[60,71321,26174],{"class":118},[60,71323,122],{"class":74},[60,71325,195],{"class":78},[60,71327,315],{"class":74},[60,71329,71330,71332,71334,71336,71338,71340],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,71331,135],{"class":134},[60,71333,122],{"class":74},[60,71335,1657],{"class":1656},[60,71337,122],{"class":74},[60,71339,35781],{"class":118},[60,71341,315],{"class":74},[20,71343,71344],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[30,71346,71347,71353],{},[33,71348,71349,71352],{},[15,71350,71351],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[33,71354,71355,71358],{},[15,71356,71357],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,71360,71361,71362,71365],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,71363,71364],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[46,71367,1773],{"id":1772},[553,71369,71371],{"id":71370},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,71373,71374,71375,71377],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,71376,12699],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[553,71379,71381],{"id":71380},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,71383,71384,71386,71387,71389,71390,115],{},[15,71385,12699],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,71388,55451],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,71391,3734],{},[553,71393,71395],{"id":71394},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,71397,71398,71399,71402],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71400,71401],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[553,71404,71406],{"id":71405},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,71408,71409,71410,71412],{},"Python raises ",[15,71411,70491],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[46,71414,1842],{"id":1841},[30,71416,71417,71421,71426,71431,71436],{},[33,71418,71419],{},[260,71420,55438],{"href":54990},[33,71422,71423],{},[260,71424,71425],{"href":54995},"Python list remove() method",[33,71427,71428],{},[260,71429,71430],{"href":1864},"Python list index() method",[33,71432,71433],{},[260,71434,71435],{"href":1342},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[33,71437,71438],{},[260,71439,69019],{"href":69018},[1885,71441,71442],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":71444},[71445,71446,71447,71448,71449,71450,71451,71456,71462,71463,71469],{"id":1971,"depth":104,"text":1972},{"id":69620,"depth":104,"text":69621},{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199},{"id":69930,"depth":104,"text":69931},{"id":70059,"depth":104,"text":70060},{"id":70330,"depth":104,"text":70331},{"id":70477,"depth":104,"text":70478,"children":71452},[71453,71454,71455],{"id":70481,"depth":131,"text":70482},{"id":70619,"depth":131,"text":70620},{"id":70802,"depth":131,"text":70803},{"id":70999,"depth":104,"text":71000,"children":71457},[71458,71460],{"id":71006,"depth":131,"text":71459},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71022,"depth":131,"text":71461},"Use remove() when:",{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":71464},[71465,71466,71467,71468],{"id":71370,"depth":131,"text":71371},{"id":71380,"depth":131,"text":71381},{"id":71394,"depth":131,"text":71395},{"id":71405,"depth":131,"text":71406},{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69487,"description":71470},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71477,"title":71478,"body":71479,"description":73265,"extension":1930,"meta":73266,"navigation":421,"path":73267,"seo":73268,"stem":73269,"__hash__":73270},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71480,"toc":73247},[71481,71484,71489,71495,71497,71567,71573,71577,71582,71603,71606,71673,71675,71696,71704,71706,71725,71741,71743,71808,71810,71835,71837,71839,71904,71906,71931,71933,71947,71950,72003,72005,72026,72030,72038,72111,72113,72146,72152,72158,72249,72251,72276,72282,72371,72373,72397,72399,72403,72458,72460,72492,72495,72498,72592,72594,72627,72633,72639,72643,72650,72676,72680,72745,72747,72772,72776,72857,72859,72888,72893,72898,72904,72908,72915,72937,72941,73000,73002,73026,73035,73040,73042,73046,73075,73077,73152,73155,73169,73175,73177,73181,73184,73188,73193,73197,73206,73210,73218,73220,73244],[10,71482,71478],{"id":71483},"python-list-remove-method",[20,71485,1947,71486,71488],{},[15,71487,54998],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,71490,71491,71492,71494],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[3698,71493,221],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[46,71496,1972],{"id":1971},[51,71498,71500],{"className":53,"code":71499,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71501,71502,71534,71552,71562],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,71503,71504,71506,71508,71510,71512,71514,71516,71518,71520,71522,71524,71526,71528,71530,71532],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,71505,777],{"class":66},[60,71507,71],{"class":70},[60,71509,75],{"class":74},[60,71511,256],{"class":255},[60,71513,575],{"class":259},[60,71515,256],{"class":255},[60,71517,82],{"class":74},[60,71519,267],{"class":255},[60,71521,1392],{"class":259},[60,71523,256],{"class":255},[60,71525,82],{"class":74},[60,71527,267],{"class":255},[60,71529,33154],{"class":259},[60,71531,256],{"class":255},[60,71533,101],{"class":74},[60,71535,71536,71538,71540,71542,71544,71546,71548,71550],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,71537,828],{"class":66},[60,71539,115],{"class":74},[60,71541,34728],{"class":118},[60,71543,122],{"class":74},[60,71545,256],{"class":255},[60,71547,1392],{"class":259},[60,71549,256],{"class":255},[60,71551,128],{"class":74},[60,71553,71554,71556,71558,71560],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,71555,135],{"class":134},[60,71557,122],{"class":74},[60,71559,828],{"class":118},[60,71561,128],{"class":74},[60,71563,71564],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,71565,71566],{"class":146},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,71568,150,71569,71572],{},[15,71570,71571],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[46,71574,71576],{"id":71575},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,71578,71579,71581],{},[15,71580,55451],{}," is a list method that:",[30,71583,71584,71590,71595,71600],{},[33,71585,71586,71587,71589],{},"Deletes the ",[3698,71588,29840],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[33,71591,71592,71593],{},"Changes the original list ",[3698,71594,11269],{},[33,71596,1777,71597,71599],{},[3698,71598,4581],{}," return a new list",[33,71601,71602],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,71604,71605],{},"This is important for beginners:",[51,71607,71609],{"className":53,"code":71608,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,71610,71611,71631,71649,71653,71663],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,71612,71613,71615,71617,71619,71621,71623,71625,71627,71629],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,71614,67],{"class":66},[60,71616,71],{"class":70},[60,71618,75],{"class":74},[60,71620,79],{"class":78},[60,71622,82],{"class":74},[60,71624,85],{"class":78},[60,71626,82],{"class":74},[60,71628,94],{"class":78},[60,71630,101],{"class":74},[60,71632,71633,71635,71637,71639,71641,71643,71645,71647],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,71634,107],{"class":66},[60,71636,71],{"class":70},[60,71638,112],{"class":66},[60,71640,115],{"class":74},[60,71642,34728],{"class":118},[60,71644,122],{"class":74},[60,71646,125],{"class":78},[60,71648,128],{"class":74},[60,71650,71651],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,71652,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,71654,71655,71657,71659,71661],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,71656,135],{"class":134},[60,71658,122],{"class":74},[60,71660,1506],{"class":118},[60,71662,128],{"class":74},[60,71664,71665,71667,71669,71671],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,71666,135],{"class":134},[60,71668,122],{"class":74},[60,71670,140],{"class":118},[60,71672,128],{"class":74},[20,71674,318],{},[51,71676,71678],{"className":53,"code":71677,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,71679,71680,71692],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,71681,71682,71684,71686,71688,71690],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,71683,3854],{"class":74},[60,71685,79],{"class":78},[60,71687,82],{"class":74},[60,71689,94],{"class":78},[60,71691,101],{"class":74},[60,71693,71694],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,71695,11745],{"class":685},[20,71697,71698,71699,71701,71702,115],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,71700,55451],{}," itself returned ",[15,71703,3734],{},[46,71705,5377],{"id":5376},[51,71707,71709],{"className":53,"code":71708,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,71710,71711],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,71712,71713,71715,71717,71719,71721,71723],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,71714,8033],{"class":1656},[60,71716,115],{"class":74},[60,71718,34728],{"class":118},[60,71720,122],{"class":74},[60,71722,221],{"class":118},[60,71724,128],{"class":74},[30,71726,71727,71732,71735],{},[33,71728,71729,71731],{},[15,71730,221],{}," is the item you want to delete",[33,71733,71734],{},"Python searches from left to right",[33,71736,71737,71738,71740],{},"Only the ",[3698,71739,29840],{}," matching value is removed",[20,71742,238],{},[51,71744,71746],{"className":53,"code":71745,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,71747,71748,71780,71798],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,71749,71750,71752,71754,71756,71758,71760,71762,71764,71766,71768,71770,71772,71774,71776,71778],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,71751,248],{"class":66},[60,71753,71],{"class":70},[60,71755,75],{"class":74},[60,71757,256],{"class":255},[60,71759,260],{"class":259},[60,71761,256],{"class":255},[60,71763,82],{"class":74},[60,71765,267],{"class":255},[60,71767,270],{"class":259},[60,71769,256],{"class":255},[60,71771,82],{"class":74},[60,71773,267],{"class":255},[60,71775,287],{"class":259},[60,71777,256],{"class":255},[60,71779,101],{"class":74},[60,71781,71782,71784,71786,71788,71790,71792,71794,71796],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,71783,300],{"class":66},[60,71785,115],{"class":74},[60,71787,34728],{"class":118},[60,71789,122],{"class":74},[60,71791,256],{"class":255},[60,71793,270],{"class":259},[60,71795,256],{"class":255},[60,71797,128],{"class":74},[60,71799,71800,71802,71804,71806],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,71801,135],{"class":134},[60,71803,122],{"class":74},[60,71805,300],{"class":118},[60,71807,128],{"class":74},[20,71809,318],{},[51,71811,71813],{"className":53,"code":71812,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,71814,71815],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,71816,71817,71819,71821,71823,71825,71827,71829,71831,71833],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,71818,3854],{"class":74},[60,71820,3261],{"class":255},[60,71822,260],{"class":259},[60,71824,3261],{"class":255},[60,71826,82],{"class":74},[60,71828,3256],{"class":255},[60,71830,287],{"class":259},[60,71832,3261],{"class":255},[60,71834,101],{"class":74},[46,71836,5733],{"id":5732},[20,71838,64934],{},[51,71840,71842],{"className":53,"code":71841,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,71843,71844,71876,71894],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,71845,71846,71848,71850,71852,71854,71856,71858,71860,71862,71864,71866,71868,71870,71872,71874],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,71847,377],{"class":66},[60,71849,71],{"class":70},[60,71851,75],{"class":74},[60,71853,256],{"class":255},[60,71855,386],{"class":259},[60,71857,256],{"class":255},[60,71859,82],{"class":74},[60,71861,267],{"class":255},[60,71863,395],{"class":259},[60,71865,256],{"class":255},[60,71867,82],{"class":74},[60,71869,267],{"class":255},[60,71871,404],{"class":259},[60,71873,256],{"class":255},[60,71875,101],{"class":74},[60,71877,71878,71880,71882,71884,71886,71888,71890,71892],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,71879,431],{"class":66},[60,71881,115],{"class":74},[60,71883,34728],{"class":118},[60,71885,122],{"class":74},[60,71887,256],{"class":255},[60,71889,395],{"class":259},[60,71891,256],{"class":255},[60,71893,128],{"class":74},[60,71895,71896,71898,71900,71902],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,71897,135],{"class":134},[60,71899,122],{"class":74},[60,71901,431],{"class":118},[60,71903,128],{"class":74},[20,71905,318],{},[51,71907,71909],{"className":53,"code":71908,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,71910,71911],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,71912,71913,71915,71917,71919,71921,71923,71925,71927,71929],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,71914,3854],{"class":74},[60,71916,3261],{"class":255},[60,71918,386],{"class":259},[60,71920,3261],{"class":255},[60,71922,82],{"class":74},[60,71924,3256],{"class":255},[60,71926,404],{"class":259},[60,71928,3261],{"class":255},[60,71930,101],{"class":74},[20,71932,11620],{},[30,71934,71935,71938,71944],{},[33,71936,71937],{},"A list is created with three values",[33,71939,71940,71943],{},[15,71941,71942],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[33,71945,71946],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,71948,71949],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[51,71951,71953],{"className":53,"code":71952,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,71954,71955,71979,71993],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,71956,71957,71959,71961,71963,71965,71967,71969,71971,71973,71975,71977],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,71958,5011],{"class":66},[60,71960,71],{"class":70},[60,71962,75],{"class":74},[60,71964,873],{"class":78},[60,71966,82],{"class":74},[60,71968,878],{"class":78},[60,71970,82],{"class":74},[60,71972,888],{"class":78},[60,71974,82],{"class":74},[60,71976,50773],{"class":78},[60,71978,101],{"class":74},[60,71980,71981,71983,71985,71987,71989,71991],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,71982,16324],{"class":66},[60,71984,115],{"class":74},[60,71986,34728],{"class":118},[60,71988,122],{"class":74},[60,71990,36776],{"class":78},[60,71992,128],{"class":74},[60,71994,71995,71997,71999,72001],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,71996,135],{"class":134},[60,71998,122],{"class":74},[60,72000,16324],{"class":118},[60,72002,128],{"class":74},[20,72004,318],{},[51,72006,72008],{"className":53,"code":72007,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,72009,72010],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,72011,72012,72014,72016,72018,72020,72022,72024],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,72013,3854],{"class":74},[60,72015,873],{"class":78},[60,72017,82],{"class":74},[60,72019,878],{"class":78},[60,72021,82],{"class":74},[60,72023,50773],{"class":78},[60,72025,101],{"class":74},[46,72027,72029],{"id":72028},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,72031,64924,72032,72034,72035,72037],{},[15,72033,55451],{}," deletes only the ",[3698,72036,29840],{}," one.",[51,72039,72041],{"className":53,"code":72040,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72042,72043,72083,72101],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,72044,72045,72047,72049,72051,72053,72055,72057,72059,72061,72063,72065,72067,72069,72071,72073,72075,72077,72079,72081],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,72046,777],{"class":66},[60,72048,71],{"class":70},[60,72050,75],{"class":74},[60,72052,256],{"class":255},[60,72054,575],{"class":259},[60,72056,256],{"class":255},[60,72058,82],{"class":74},[60,72060,267],{"class":255},[60,72062,1392],{"class":259},[60,72064,256],{"class":255},[60,72066,82],{"class":74},[60,72068,267],{"class":255},[60,72070,575],{"class":259},[60,72072,256],{"class":255},[60,72074,82],{"class":74},[60,72076,267],{"class":255},[60,72078,33154],{"class":259},[60,72080,256],{"class":255},[60,72082,101],{"class":74},[60,72084,72085,72087,72089,72091,72093,72095,72097,72099],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,72086,828],{"class":66},[60,72088,115],{"class":74},[60,72090,34728],{"class":118},[60,72092,122],{"class":74},[60,72094,256],{"class":255},[60,72096,575],{"class":259},[60,72098,256],{"class":255},[60,72100,128],{"class":74},[60,72102,72103,72105,72107,72109],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,72104,135],{"class":134},[60,72106,122],{"class":74},[60,72108,828],{"class":118},[60,72110,128],{"class":74},[20,72112,318],{},[51,72114,72116],{"className":53,"code":72115,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72117,72118],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,72119,72120,72122,72124,72126,72128,72130,72132,72134,72136,72138,72140,72142,72144],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,72121,3854],{"class":74},[60,72123,3261],{"class":255},[60,72125,1392],{"class":259},[60,72127,3261],{"class":255},[60,72129,82],{"class":74},[60,72131,3256],{"class":255},[60,72133,575],{"class":259},[60,72135,3261],{"class":255},[60,72137,82],{"class":74},[60,72139,3256],{"class":255},[60,72141,33154],{"class":259},[60,72143,3261],{"class":255},[60,72145,101],{"class":74},[20,72147,72148,72149,72151],{},"Only the first ",[15,72150,652],{}," was removed.",[20,72153,72154,72155,72157],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,72156,55451],{}," again:",[51,72159,72161],{"className":53,"code":72160,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72162,72163,72203,72221,72239],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,72164,72165,72167,72169,72171,72173,72175,72177,72179,72181,72183,72185,72187,72189,72191,72193,72195,72197,72199,72201],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,72166,777],{"class":66},[60,72168,71],{"class":70},[60,72170,75],{"class":74},[60,72172,256],{"class":255},[60,72174,575],{"class":259},[60,72176,256],{"class":255},[60,72178,82],{"class":74},[60,72180,267],{"class":255},[60,72182,1392],{"class":259},[60,72184,256],{"class":255},[60,72186,82],{"class":74},[60,72188,267],{"class":255},[60,72190,575],{"class":259},[60,72192,256],{"class":255},[60,72194,82],{"class":74},[60,72196,267],{"class":255},[60,72198,33154],{"class":259},[60,72200,256],{"class":255},[60,72202,101],{"class":74},[60,72204,72205,72207,72209,72211,72213,72215,72217,72219],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,72206,828],{"class":66},[60,72208,115],{"class":74},[60,72210,34728],{"class":118},[60,72212,122],{"class":74},[60,72214,256],{"class":255},[60,72216,575],{"class":259},[60,72218,256],{"class":255},[60,72220,128],{"class":74},[60,72222,72223,72225,72227,72229,72231,72233,72235,72237],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,72224,828],{"class":66},[60,72226,115],{"class":74},[60,72228,34728],{"class":118},[60,72230,122],{"class":74},[60,72232,256],{"class":255},[60,72234,575],{"class":259},[60,72236,256],{"class":255},[60,72238,128],{"class":74},[60,72240,72241,72243,72245,72247],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,72242,135],{"class":134},[60,72244,122],{"class":74},[60,72246,828],{"class":118},[60,72248,128],{"class":74},[20,72250,318],{},[51,72252,72254],{"className":53,"code":72253,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72255,72256],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,72257,72258,72260,72262,72264,72266,72268,72270,72272,72274],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,72259,3854],{"class":74},[60,72261,3261],{"class":255},[60,72263,1392],{"class":259},[60,72265,3261],{"class":255},[60,72267,82],{"class":74},[60,72269,3256],{"class":255},[60,72271,33154],{"class":259},[60,72273,3261],{"class":255},[60,72275,101],{"class":74},[20,72277,72278,72279,72281],{},"If you need to remove ",[3698,72280,3670],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[51,72283,72285],{"className":53,"code":72284,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72286,72287,72327,72361],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,72288,72289,72291,72293,72295,72297,72299,72301,72303,72305,72307,72309,72311,72313,72315,72317,72319,72321,72323,72325],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,72290,777],{"class":66},[60,72292,71],{"class":70},[60,72294,75],{"class":74},[60,72296,256],{"class":255},[60,72298,575],{"class":259},[60,72300,256],{"class":255},[60,72302,82],{"class":74},[60,72304,267],{"class":255},[60,72306,1392],{"class":259},[60,72308,256],{"class":255},[60,72310,82],{"class":74},[60,72312,267],{"class":255},[60,72314,575],{"class":259},[60,72316,256],{"class":255},[60,72318,82],{"class":74},[60,72320,267],{"class":255},[60,72322,33154],{"class":259},[60,72324,256],{"class":255},[60,72326,101],{"class":74},[60,72328,72329,72331,72333,72335,72337,72339,72341,72343,72346,72348,72350,72353,72355,72357,72359],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,72330,777],{"class":66},[60,72332,71],{"class":70},[60,72334,75],{"class":74},[60,72336,28471],{"class":66},[60,72338,1702],{"class":1537},[60,72340,1705],{"class":66},[60,72342,511],{"class":1537},[60,72344,72345],{"class":66}," items ",[60,72347,6939],{"class":1537},[60,72349,1705],{"class":66},[60,72351,72352],{"class":70},"!=",[60,72354,267],{"class":255},[60,72356,575],{"class":259},[60,72358,256],{"class":255},[60,72360,101],{"class":74},[60,72362,72363,72365,72367,72369],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,72364,135],{"class":134},[60,72366,122],{"class":74},[60,72368,828],{"class":118},[60,72370,128],{"class":74},[20,72372,318],{},[51,72374,72375],{"className":53,"code":72253,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,72376,72377],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,72378,72379,72381,72383,72385,72387,72389,72391,72393,72395],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,72380,3854],{"class":74},[60,72382,3261],{"class":255},[60,72384,1392],{"class":259},[60,72386,3261],{"class":255},[60,72388,82],{"class":74},[60,72390,3256],{"class":255},[60,72392,33154],{"class":259},[60,72394,3261],{"class":255},[60,72396,101],{"class":74},[46,72398,65390],{"id":65389},[20,72400,65393,72401,115],{},[15,72402,40638],{},[51,72404,72406],{"className":53,"code":72405,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72407,72408,72440],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,72409,72410,72412,72414,72416,72418,72420,72422,72424,72426,72428,72430,72432,72434,72436,72438],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,72411,777],{"class":66},[60,72413,71],{"class":70},[60,72415,75],{"class":74},[60,72417,256],{"class":255},[60,72419,575],{"class":259},[60,72421,256],{"class":255},[60,72423,82],{"class":74},[60,72425,267],{"class":255},[60,72427,1392],{"class":259},[60,72429,256],{"class":255},[60,72431,82],{"class":74},[60,72433,267],{"class":255},[60,72435,33154],{"class":259},[60,72437,256],{"class":255},[60,72439,101],{"class":74},[60,72441,72442,72444,72446,72448,72450,72452,72454,72456],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,72443,828],{"class":66},[60,72445,115],{"class":74},[60,72447,34728],{"class":118},[60,72449,122],{"class":74},[60,72451,256],{"class":255},[60,72453,22465],{"class":259},[60,72455,256],{"class":255},[60,72457,128],{"class":74},[20,72459,318],{},[51,72461,72463],{"className":53,"code":72462,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72464,72465],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,72466,72467,72469,72471,72473,72475,72477,72479,72481,72483,72485,72487,72489],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,72468,40638],{"class":1656},[60,72470,166],{"class":74},[60,72472,22492],{"class":1656},[60,72474,115],{"class":74},[60,72476,34728],{"class":118},[60,72478,122],{"class":74},[60,72480,2139],{"class":118},[60,72482,16387],{"class":74},[60,72484,3835],{"class":66},[60,72486,4581],{"class":70},[60,72488,1538],{"class":70},[60,72490,72491],{"class":1656}," list\n",[20,72493,72494],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,72496,72497],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[51,72499,72501],{"className":53,"code":72500,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,72502,72503,72535,72547,72551,72563,72578,72582],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,72504,72505,72507,72509,72511,72513,72515,72517,72519,72521,72523,72525,72527,72529,72531,72533],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,72506,777],{"class":66},[60,72508,71],{"class":70},[60,72510,75],{"class":74},[60,72512,256],{"class":255},[60,72514,575],{"class":259},[60,72516,256],{"class":255},[60,72518,82],{"class":74},[60,72520,267],{"class":255},[60,72522,1392],{"class":259},[60,72524,256],{"class":255},[60,72526,82],{"class":74},[60,72528,267],{"class":255},[60,72530,33154],{"class":259},[60,72532,256],{"class":255},[60,72534,101],{"class":74},[60,72536,72537,72539,72541,72543,72545],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,72538,1690],{"class":66},[60,72540,71],{"class":70},[60,72542,267],{"class":255},[60,72544,22465],{"class":259},[60,72546,3320],{"class":255},[60,72548,72549],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,72550,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,72552,72553,72555,72557,72559,72561],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,72554,6939],{"class":1537},[60,72556,21517],{"class":66},[60,72558,511],{"class":70},[60,72560,5910],{"class":66},[60,72562,1712],{"class":74},[60,72564,72565,72568,72570,72572,72574,72576],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,72566,72567],{"class":66},"    items",[60,72569,115],{"class":74},[60,72571,34728],{"class":118},[60,72573,122],{"class":74},[60,72575,221],{"class":118},[60,72577,128],{"class":74},[60,72579,72580],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,72581,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,72583,72584,72586,72588,72590],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,72585,135],{"class":134},[60,72587,122],{"class":74},[60,72589,828],{"class":118},[60,72591,128],{"class":74},[20,72593,318],{},[51,72595,72597],{"className":53,"code":72596,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72598,72599],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,72600,72601,72603,72605,72607,72609,72611,72613,72615,72617,72619,72621,72623,72625],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,72602,3854],{"class":74},[60,72604,3261],{"class":255},[60,72606,575],{"class":259},[60,72608,3261],{"class":255},[60,72610,82],{"class":74},[60,72612,3256],{"class":255},[60,72614,1392],{"class":259},[60,72616,3261],{"class":255},[60,72618,82],{"class":74},[60,72620,3256],{"class":255},[60,72622,33154],{"class":259},[60,72624,3261],{"class":255},[60,72626,101],{"class":74},[20,72628,72629,72630,72632],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,72631,55451],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,72634,72635,72636,115],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[260,72637,65599],{"href":72638},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[46,72640,72642],{"id":72641},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,72644,72645,544,72647,72649],{},[15,72646,55451],{},[15,72648,12699],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[30,72651,72652,72659,72665,72671],{},[33,72653,72654,72656,72657],{},[15,72655,55451],{}," deletes by ",[3698,72658,221],{},[33,72660,72661,72656,72663],{},[15,72662,12699],{},[3698,72664,35781],{},[33,72666,72667,2361,72669],{},[15,72668,55451],{},[15,72670,3734],{},[33,72672,72673,72675],{},[15,72674,12699],{}," returns the removed item",[20,72677,45972,72678,166],{},[15,72679,55451],{},[51,72681,72683],{"className":53,"code":72682,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72684,72685,72717,72735],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,72686,72687,72689,72691,72693,72695,72697,72699,72701,72703,72705,72707,72709,72711,72713,72715],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,72688,777],{"class":66},[60,72690,71],{"class":70},[60,72692,75],{"class":74},[60,72694,256],{"class":255},[60,72696,575],{"class":259},[60,72698,256],{"class":255},[60,72700,82],{"class":74},[60,72702,267],{"class":255},[60,72704,1392],{"class":259},[60,72706,256],{"class":255},[60,72708,82],{"class":74},[60,72710,267],{"class":255},[60,72712,33154],{"class":259},[60,72714,256],{"class":255},[60,72716,101],{"class":74},[60,72718,72719,72721,72723,72725,72727,72729,72731,72733],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,72720,828],{"class":66},[60,72722,115],{"class":74},[60,72724,34728],{"class":118},[60,72726,122],{"class":74},[60,72728,256],{"class":255},[60,72730,1392],{"class":259},[60,72732,256],{"class":255},[60,72734,128],{"class":74},[60,72736,72737,72739,72741,72743],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,72738,135],{"class":134},[60,72740,122],{"class":74},[60,72742,828],{"class":118},[60,72744,128],{"class":74},[20,72746,318],{},[51,72748,72750],{"className":53,"code":72749,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72751,72752],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,72753,72754,72756,72758,72760,72762,72764,72766,72768,72770],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,72755,3854],{"class":74},[60,72757,3261],{"class":255},[60,72759,575],{"class":259},[60,72761,3261],{"class":255},[60,72763,82],{"class":74},[60,72765,3256],{"class":255},[60,72767,33154],{"class":259},[60,72769,3261],{"class":255},[60,72771,101],{"class":74},[20,72773,45972,72774,166],{},[15,72775,12699],{},[51,72777,72779],{"className":53,"code":72778,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,72780,72781,72813,72832,72836,72846],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,72782,72783,72785,72787,72789,72791,72793,72795,72797,72799,72801,72803,72805,72807,72809,72811],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,72784,777],{"class":66},[60,72786,71],{"class":70},[60,72788,75],{"class":74},[60,72790,256],{"class":255},[60,72792,575],{"class":259},[60,72794,256],{"class":255},[60,72796,82],{"class":74},[60,72798,267],{"class":255},[60,72800,1392],{"class":259},[60,72802,256],{"class":255},[60,72804,82],{"class":74},[60,72806,267],{"class":255},[60,72808,33154],{"class":259},[60,72810,256],{"class":255},[60,72812,101],{"class":74},[60,72814,72815,72818,72820,72822,72824,72826,72828,72830],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,72816,72817],{"class":66},"removed_item ",[60,72819,71],{"class":70},[60,72821,5910],{"class":66},[60,72823,115],{"class":74},[60,72825,26174],{"class":118},[60,72827,122],{"class":74},[60,72829,79],{"class":78},[60,72831,128],{"class":74},[60,72833,72834],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,72835,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,72837,72838,72840,72842,72844],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,72839,135],{"class":134},[60,72841,122],{"class":74},[60,72843,828],{"class":118},[60,72845,128],{"class":74},[60,72847,72848,72850,72852,72855],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,72849,135],{"class":134},[60,72851,122],{"class":74},[60,72853,72854],{"class":118},"removed_item",[60,72856,128],{"class":74},[20,72858,318],{},[51,72860,72862],{"className":53,"code":72861,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,72863,72864,72884],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,72865,72866,72868,72870,72872,72874,72876,72878,72880,72882],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,72867,3854],{"class":74},[60,72869,3261],{"class":255},[60,72871,575],{"class":259},[60,72873,3261],{"class":255},[60,72875,82],{"class":74},[60,72877,3256],{"class":255},[60,72879,33154],{"class":259},[60,72881,3261],{"class":255},[60,72883,101],{"class":74},[60,72885,72886],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,72887,70166],{"class":66},[20,72889,150,72890,72892],{},[15,72891,55451],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,72894,150,72895,72897],{},[15,72896,12699],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,72899,72900,72901,115],{},"For more detail, see the ",[260,72902,72903],{"href":55002},"Python list pop() method",[46,72905,72907],{"id":72906},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,72909,72910,544,72912,72914],{},[15,72911,55451],{},[15,72913,26958],{}," are also different.",[30,72916,72917,72922,72927,72932],{},[33,72918,72919,72921],{},[15,72920,55451],{}," deletes by matching value",[33,72923,72924,72926],{},[15,72925,26958],{}," deletes by index or slice",[33,72928,150,72929,72931],{},[15,72930,26958],{}," when you know the position",[33,72933,150,72934,72936],{},[15,72935,55451],{}," when you know the item value",[20,72938,45972,72939,166],{},[15,72940,26958],{},[51,72942,72944],{"className":53,"code":72943,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72945,72946,72978,72990],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,72947,72948,72950,72952,72954,72956,72958,72960,72962,72964,72966,72968,72970,72972,72974,72976],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,72949,777],{"class":66},[60,72951,71],{"class":70},[60,72953,75],{"class":74},[60,72955,256],{"class":255},[60,72957,575],{"class":259},[60,72959,256],{"class":255},[60,72961,82],{"class":74},[60,72963,267],{"class":255},[60,72965,1392],{"class":259},[60,72967,256],{"class":255},[60,72969,82],{"class":74},[60,72971,267],{"class":255},[60,72973,33154],{"class":259},[60,72975,256],{"class":255},[60,72977,101],{"class":74},[60,72979,72980,72982,72984,72986,72988],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,72981,26958],{"class":1537},[60,72983,5910],{"class":66},[60,72985,3854],{"class":74},[60,72987,79],{"class":78},[60,72989,101],{"class":74},[60,72991,72992,72994,72996,72998],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,72993,135],{"class":134},[60,72995,122],{"class":74},[60,72997,828],{"class":118},[60,72999,128],{"class":74},[20,73001,318],{},[51,73003,73004],{"className":53,"code":72749,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,73005,73006],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,73007,73008,73010,73012,73014,73016,73018,73020,73022,73024],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,73009,3854],{"class":74},[60,73011,3261],{"class":255},[60,73013,575],{"class":259},[60,73015,3261],{"class":255},[60,73017,82],{"class":74},[60,73019,3256],{"class":255},[60,73021,33154],{"class":259},[60,73023,3261],{"class":255},[60,73025,101],{"class":74},[20,73027,73028,73029,73031,73032,73034],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,73030,79],{},", not the value ",[15,73033,65034],{}," directly.",[20,73036,73037,73038,115],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[260,73039,54991],{"href":54990},[46,73041,1351],{"id":1350},[20,73043,21144,73044,166],{},[15,73045,55451],{},[30,73047,73048,73051,73056,73063,73072],{},[33,73049,73050],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[33,73052,1454,73053,73055],{},[15,73054,55451],{}," to delete all matching values",[33,73057,12531,73058,73060,73061],{},[15,73059,55451],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,73062,3734],{},[33,73064,8356,73065,44561,73067,1460,73069,73071],{},[15,73066,55451],{},[15,73068,12699],{},[15,73070,26958],{}," would be a better fit",[33,73073,73074],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,73076,71266],{},[51,73078,73080],{"className":53,"code":73079,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,73081,73082,73092,73106,73124,73138],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,73083,73084,73086,73088,73090],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,73085,135],{"class":134},[60,73087,122],{"class":74},[60,73089,212],{"class":118},[60,73091,128],{"class":74},[60,73093,73094,73096,73098,73100,73102,73104],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,73095,135],{"class":134},[60,73097,122],{"class":74},[60,73099,1690],{"class":118},[60,73101,511],{"class":1537},[60,73103,1695],{"class":118},[60,73105,128],{"class":74},[60,73107,73108,73110,73112,73114,73116,73118,73120,73122],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,73109,135],{"class":134},[60,73111,122],{"class":74},[60,73113,212],{"class":118},[60,73115,115],{"class":74},[60,73117,119],{"class":118},[60,73119,122],{"class":74},[60,73121,221],{"class":118},[60,73123,315],{"class":74},[60,73125,73126,73128,73130,73132,73134,73136],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,73127,135],{"class":134},[60,73129,122],{"class":74},[60,73131,1657],{"class":1656},[60,73133,122],{"class":74},[60,73135,212],{"class":118},[60,73137,315],{"class":74},[60,73139,73140,73142,73144,73146,73148,73150],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,73141,32085],{"class":134},[60,73143,122],{"class":74},[60,73145,8033],{"class":1656},[60,73147,115],{"class":74},[60,73149,34728],{"class":24682},[60,73151,128],{"class":74},[20,73153,73154],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[30,73156,73157,73160,73163,73166],{},[33,73158,73159],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[33,73161,73162],{},"How many times does it appear?",[33,73164,73165],{},"Am I working with a list?",[33,73167,73168],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,73170,73171,73172,73174],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[260,73173,71430],{"href":1864}," may also help.",[46,73176,1773],{"id":1772},[553,73178,73180],{"id":73179},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,73182,73183],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[553,73185,73187],{"id":73186},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,73189,5096,73190,73192],{},[15,73191,3734],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[553,73194,73196],{"id":73195},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,73198,73199,73200,73203,73204,115],{},"Check with ",[15,73201,73202],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,73205,55451],{},[553,73207,73209],{"id":73208},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,73211,150,73212,73214,73215,73217],{},[15,73213,55451],{}," for a value and ",[15,73216,12699],{}," for an index.",[46,73219,1842],{"id":1841},[30,73221,73222,73226,73230,73234,73238],{},[33,73223,73224],{},[260,73225,55438],{"href":54990},[33,73227,73228],{},[260,73229,72903],{"href":55002},[33,73231,73232],{},[260,73233,71430],{"href":1864},[33,73235,73236],{},[260,73237,65599],{"href":72638},[33,73239,73240],{},[260,73241,73243],{"href":73242},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[1885,73245,73246],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":73248},[73249,73250,73251,73252,73253,73254,73255,73256,73257,73258,73264],{"id":1971,"depth":104,"text":1972},{"id":71575,"depth":104,"text":71576},{"id":5376,"depth":104,"text":5377},{"id":5732,"depth":104,"text":5733},{"id":72028,"depth":104,"text":72029},{"id":65389,"depth":104,"text":65390},{"id":72641,"depth":104,"text":72642},{"id":72906,"depth":104,"text":72907},{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":73259},[73260,73261,73262,73263],{"id":73179,"depth":131,"text":73180},{"id":73186,"depth":131,"text":73187},{"id":73195,"depth":131,"text":73196},{"id":73208,"depth":131,"text":73209},{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71478,"description":73265},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73272,"title":73273,"body":73274,"description":75165,"extension":1930,"meta":75166,"navigation":421,"path":75167,"seo":75168,"stem":75169,"__hash__":75170},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73275,"toc":75135},[73276,73282,73288,73291,73302,73304,73353,73358,73363,73367,73382,73384,73449,73451,73492,73494,73496,73511,73513,73524,73526,73583,73585,73618,73620,73623,73672,73674,73699,73701,73717,73723,73730,73791,73793,73826,73831,73834,73914,73916,73977,73983,73987,73990,74054,74056,74081,74083,74103,74105,74154,74156,74177,74186,74189,74193,74198,74243,74245,74266,74272,74277,74285,74349,74351,74388,74394,74398,74405,74470,74472,74509,74513,74530,74540,74545,74550,74561,74568,74570,74576,74599,74602,74629,74634,74637,74738,74740,74795,74798,74905,74907,74978,74981,75007,75009,75014,75018,75026,75031,75036,75042,75047,75051,75054,75071,75074,75094,75102,75104,75132],[10,73277,13,73279,18],{"id":73278},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,73280,73281],{},"reverse()",[20,73283,73284,73287],{},[15,73285,73286],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,73289,73290],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,73292,73293,73294,73296,73297,73301],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,73295,73281],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[260,73298,73300],{"href":73299},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[46,73303,49],{"id":48},[51,73305,73307],{"className":53,"code":73306,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73308,73309,73329,73340],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,73310,73311,73313,73315,73317,73319,73321,73323,73325,73327],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,73312,67],{"class":66},[60,73314,71],{"class":70},[60,73316,75],{"class":74},[60,73318,79],{"class":78},[60,73320,82],{"class":74},[60,73322,85],{"class":78},[60,73324,82],{"class":74},[60,73326,94],{"class":78},[60,73328,101],{"class":74},[60,73330,73331,73333,73335,73338],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,73332,1506],{"class":66},[60,73334,115],{"class":74},[60,73336,73337],{"class":118},"reverse",[60,73339,8579],{"class":74},[60,73341,73342,73344,73346,73348,73350],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,73343,135],{"class":134},[60,73345,122],{"class":74},[60,73347,1506],{"class":118},[60,73349,143],{"class":74},[60,73351,73352],{"class":146},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,73354,73355,73357],{},[15,73356,73281],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[46,73359,158,73361,161],{"id":73360},"what-listreverse-does",[15,73362,73286],{},[20,73364,73365,166],{},[15,73366,73286],{},[30,73368,73369,73372,73375,73379],{},[33,73370,73371],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[33,73373,73374],{},"Changes the original list directly",[33,73376,11359,73377],{},[15,73378,3734],{},[33,73380,73381],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,73383,238],{},[51,73385,73387],{"className":53,"code":73386,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,73388,73389,73429,73439],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,73390,73391,73393,73395,73397,73399,73401,73403,73405,73407,73409,73411,73413,73415,73417,73419,73421,73423,73425,73427],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,73392,248],{"class":66},[60,73394,71],{"class":70},[60,73396,75],{"class":74},[60,73398,256],{"class":255},[60,73400,260],{"class":259},[60,73402,256],{"class":255},[60,73404,82],{"class":74},[60,73406,267],{"class":255},[60,73408,270],{"class":259},[60,73410,256],{"class":255},[60,73412,82],{"class":74},[60,73414,267],{"class":255},[60,73416,287],{"class":259},[60,73418,256],{"class":255},[60,73420,82],{"class":74},[60,73422,267],{"class":255},[60,73424,18701],{"class":259},[60,73426,256],{"class":255},[60,73428,101],{"class":74},[60,73430,73431,73433,73435,73437],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,73432,300],{"class":66},[60,73434,115],{"class":74},[60,73436,73337],{"class":118},[60,73438,8579],{"class":74},[60,73440,73441,73443,73445,73447],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,73442,135],{"class":134},[60,73444,122],{"class":74},[60,73446,300],{"class":118},[60,73448,128],{"class":74},[20,73450,318],{},[51,73452,73454],{"className":53,"code":73453,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,73455,73456],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,73457,73458,73460,73462,73464,73466,73468,73470,73472,73474,73476,73478,73480,73482,73484,73486,73488,73490],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,73459,3854],{"class":74},[60,73461,3261],{"class":255},[60,73463,18701],{"class":259},[60,73465,3261],{"class":255},[60,73467,82],{"class":74},[60,73469,3256],{"class":255},[60,73471,287],{"class":259},[60,73473,3261],{"class":255},[60,73475,82],{"class":74},[60,73477,3256],{"class":255},[60,73479,270],{"class":259},[60,73481,3261],{"class":255},[60,73483,82],{"class":74},[60,73485,3256],{"class":255},[60,73487,260],{"class":259},[60,73489,3261],{"class":255},[60,73491,101],{"class":74},[46,73493,199],{"id":198},[20,73495,202],{},[51,73497,73499],{"className":53,"code":73498,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,73500,73501],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,73502,73503,73505,73507,73509],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,73504,212],{"class":66},[60,73506,115],{"class":74},[60,73508,73337],{"class":118},[60,73510,8579],{"class":74},[20,73512,12989],{},[30,73514,73515,73518,73521],{},[33,73516,73517],{},"No arguments are needed",[33,73519,73520],{},"You call it on an existing list",[33,73522,73523],{},"It only works on lists",[20,73525,238],{},[51,73527,73529],{"className":53,"code":73528,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,73530,73531,73563,73573],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,73532,73533,73535,73537,73539,73541,73543,73545,73547,73549,73551,73553,73555,73557,73559,73561],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,73534,377],{"class":66},[60,73536,71],{"class":70},[60,73538,75],{"class":74},[60,73540,256],{"class":255},[60,73542,386],{"class":259},[60,73544,256],{"class":255},[60,73546,82],{"class":74},[60,73548,267],{"class":255},[60,73550,404],{"class":259},[60,73552,256],{"class":255},[60,73554,82],{"class":74},[60,73556,267],{"class":255},[60,73558,395],{"class":259},[60,73560,256],{"class":255},[60,73562,101],{"class":74},[60,73564,73565,73567,73569,73571],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,73566,431],{"class":66},[60,73568,115],{"class":74},[60,73570,73337],{"class":118},[60,73572,8579],{"class":74},[60,73574,73575,73577,73579,73581],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,73576,135],{"class":134},[60,73578,122],{"class":74},[60,73580,431],{"class":118},[60,73582,128],{"class":74},[20,73584,318],{},[51,73586,73588],{"className":53,"code":73587,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,73589,73590],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,73591,73592,73594,73596,73598,73600,73602,73604,73606,73608,73610,73612,73614,73616],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,73593,3854],{"class":74},[60,73595,3261],{"class":255},[60,73597,395],{"class":259},[60,73599,3261],{"class":255},[60,73601,82],{"class":74},[60,73603,3256],{"class":255},[60,73605,404],{"class":259},[60,73607,3261],{"class":255},[60,73609,82],{"class":74},[60,73611,3256],{"class":255},[60,73613,386],{"class":259},[60,73615,3261],{"class":255},[60,73617,101],{"class":74},[46,73619,11411],{"id":11410},[20,73621,73622],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[51,73624,73626],{"className":53,"code":73625,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73627,73628,73652,73662],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,73629,73630,73632,73634,73636,73638,73640,73642,73644,73646,73648,73650],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,73631,67],{"class":66},[60,73633,71],{"class":70},[60,73635,75],{"class":74},[60,73637,873],{"class":78},[60,73639,82],{"class":74},[60,73641,878],{"class":78},[60,73643,82],{"class":74},[60,73645,888],{"class":78},[60,73647,82],{"class":74},[60,73649,50773],{"class":78},[60,73651,101],{"class":74},[60,73653,73654,73656,73658,73660],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,73655,1506],{"class":66},[60,73657,115],{"class":74},[60,73659,73337],{"class":118},[60,73661,8579],{"class":74},[60,73663,73664,73666,73668,73670],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,73665,135],{"class":134},[60,73667,122],{"class":74},[60,73669,1506],{"class":118},[60,73671,128],{"class":74},[20,73673,318],{},[51,73675,73677],{"className":53,"code":73676,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,73678,73679],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,73680,73681,73683,73685,73687,73689,73691,73693,73695,73697],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,73682,3854],{"class":74},[60,73684,56614],{"class":78},[60,73686,82],{"class":74},[60,73688,888],{"class":78},[60,73690,82],{"class":74},[60,73692,878],{"class":78},[60,73694,82],{"class":74},[60,73696,883],{"class":78},[60,73698,101],{"class":74},[20,73700,11620],{},[30,73702,73703,73709,73714],{},[33,73704,73705,73706],{},"The list starts as ",[15,73707,73708],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[33,73710,73711,73713],{},[15,73712,73281],{}," flips the order",[33,73715,73716],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[46,73718,73720,73722],{"id":73719},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,73721,73281],{}," changes the original list",[20,73724,73725,73726,73729],{},"This method is ",[3698,73727,73728],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[51,73731,73733],{"className":53,"code":73732,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,73734,73735,73767,73777,73781],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,73736,73737,73739,73741,73743,73745,73747,73749,73751,73753,73755,73757,73759,73761,73763,73765],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,73738,36173],{"class":66},[60,73740,71],{"class":70},[60,73742,75],{"class":74},[60,73744,256],{"class":255},[60,73746,575],{"class":259},[60,73748,256],{"class":255},[60,73750,82],{"class":74},[60,73752,267],{"class":255},[60,73754,1392],{"class":259},[60,73756,256],{"class":255},[60,73758,82],{"class":74},[60,73760,267],{"class":255},[60,73762,4048],{"class":259},[60,73764,256],{"class":255},[60,73766,101],{"class":74},[60,73768,73769,73771,73773,73775],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,73770,36225],{"class":66},[60,73772,115],{"class":74},[60,73774,73337],{"class":118},[60,73776,8579],{"class":74},[60,73778,73779],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,73780,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,73782,73783,73785,73787,73789],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,73784,135],{"class":134},[60,73786,122],{"class":74},[60,73788,36225],{"class":118},[60,73790,128],{"class":74},[20,73792,318],{},[51,73794,73796],{"className":53,"code":73795,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73797,73798],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,73799,73800,73802,73804,73806,73808,73810,73812,73814,73816,73818,73820,73822,73824],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,73801,3854],{"class":74},[60,73803,3261],{"class":255},[60,73805,4048],{"class":259},[60,73807,3261],{"class":255},[60,73809,82],{"class":74},[60,73811,3256],{"class":255},[60,73813,1392],{"class":259},[60,73815,3261],{"class":255},[60,73817,82],{"class":74},[60,73819,3256],{"class":255},[60,73821,575],{"class":259},[60,73823,3261],{"class":255},[60,73825,101],{"class":74},[20,73827,150,73828,73830],{},[15,73829,73281],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,73832,73833],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[51,73835,73837],{"className":53,"code":73836,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,73838,73839,73871,73889,73893,73903],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,73840,73841,73843,73845,73847,73849,73851,73853,73855,73857,73859,73861,73863,73865,73867,73869],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,73842,36173],{"class":66},[60,73844,71],{"class":70},[60,73846,75],{"class":74},[60,73848,256],{"class":255},[60,73850,575],{"class":259},[60,73852,256],{"class":255},[60,73854,82],{"class":74},[60,73856,267],{"class":255},[60,73858,1392],{"class":259},[60,73860,256],{"class":255},[60,73862,82],{"class":74},[60,73864,267],{"class":255},[60,73866,4048],{"class":259},[60,73868,256],{"class":255},[60,73870,101],{"class":74},[60,73872,73873,73876,73878,73880,73883,73885,73887],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,73874,73875],{"class":66},"reversed_fruits ",[60,73877,71],{"class":70},[60,73879,52777],{"class":66},[60,73881,73882],{"class":74},"[::",[60,73884,1991],{"class":70},[60,73886,79],{"class":78},[60,73888,101],{"class":74},[60,73890,73891],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,73892,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,73894,73895,73897,73899,73901],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,73896,135],{"class":134},[60,73898,122],{"class":74},[60,73900,36225],{"class":118},[60,73902,128],{"class":74},[60,73904,73905,73907,73909,73912],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,73906,135],{"class":134},[60,73908,122],{"class":74},[60,73910,73911],{"class":118},"reversed_fruits",[60,73913,128],{"class":74},[20,73915,318],{},[51,73917,73919],{"className":53,"code":73918,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73920,73921,73949],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,73922,73923,73925,73927,73929,73931,73933,73935,73937,73939,73941,73943,73945,73947],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,73924,3854],{"class":74},[60,73926,3261],{"class":255},[60,73928,575],{"class":259},[60,73930,3261],{"class":255},[60,73932,82],{"class":74},[60,73934,3256],{"class":255},[60,73936,1392],{"class":259},[60,73938,3261],{"class":255},[60,73940,82],{"class":74},[60,73942,3256],{"class":255},[60,73944,4048],{"class":259},[60,73946,3261],{"class":255},[60,73948,101],{"class":74},[60,73950,73951,73953,73955,73957,73959,73961,73963,73965,73967,73969,73971,73973,73975],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,73952,3854],{"class":74},[60,73954,3261],{"class":255},[60,73956,4048],{"class":259},[60,73958,3261],{"class":255},[60,73960,82],{"class":74},[60,73962,3256],{"class":255},[60,73964,1392],{"class":259},[60,73966,3261],{"class":255},[60,73968,82],{"class":74},[60,73970,3256],{"class":255},[60,73972,575],{"class":259},[60,73974,3261],{"class":255},[60,73976,101],{"class":74},[20,73978,73979,73980,115],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[260,73981,73982],{"href":73299},"Python list slicing explained",[46,73984,73986],{"id":73985},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,73988,73989],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[51,73991,73993],{"className":53,"code":73992,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73994,73995,74015,74029,74033,74044],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,73996,73997,73999,74001,74003,74005,74007,74009,74011,74013],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,73998,67],{"class":66},[60,74000,71],{"class":70},[60,74002,75],{"class":74},[60,74004,79],{"class":78},[60,74006,82],{"class":74},[60,74008,85],{"class":78},[60,74010,82],{"class":74},[60,74012,94],{"class":78},[60,74014,101],{"class":74},[60,74016,74017,74019,74021,74023,74025,74027],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,74018,55812],{"class":66},[60,74020,71],{"class":70},[60,74022,112],{"class":66},[60,74024,115],{"class":74},[60,74026,73337],{"class":118},[60,74028,8579],{"class":74},[60,74030,74031],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,74032,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,74034,74035,74037,74039,74042],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,74036,135],{"class":134},[60,74038,122],{"class":74},[60,74040,74041],{"class":118},"new_list",[60,74043,128],{"class":74},[60,74045,74046,74048,74050,74052],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,74047,135],{"class":134},[60,74049,122],{"class":74},[60,74051,1506],{"class":118},[60,74053,128],{"class":74},[20,74055,318],{},[51,74057,74059],{"className":53,"code":74058,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74060,74061,74065],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,74062,74063],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,74064,11745],{"class":685},[60,74066,74067,74069,74071,74073,74075,74077,74079],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,74068,3854],{"class":74},[60,74070,189],{"class":78},[60,74072,82],{"class":74},[60,74074,85],{"class":78},[60,74076,82],{"class":74},[60,74078,695],{"class":78},[60,74080,101],{"class":74},[20,74082,11837],{},[30,74084,74085,74093,74097],{},[33,74086,74087,74089,74090,74092],{},[15,74088,73281],{}," changes ",[15,74091,1506],{}," directly",[33,74094,40840,74095,71599],{},[3698,74096,4581],{},[33,74098,760,74099,42087,74101],{},[15,74100,74041],{},[15,74102,3734],{},[20,74104,61657],{},[51,74106,74108],{"className":53,"code":74107,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74109,74110,74130,74140,74144],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,74111,74112,74114,74116,74118,74120,74122,74124,74126,74128],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,74113,67],{"class":66},[60,74115,71],{"class":70},[60,74117,75],{"class":74},[60,74119,79],{"class":78},[60,74121,82],{"class":74},[60,74123,85],{"class":78},[60,74125,82],{"class":74},[60,74127,94],{"class":78},[60,74129,101],{"class":74},[60,74131,74132,74134,74136,74138],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,74133,1506],{"class":66},[60,74135,115],{"class":74},[60,74137,73337],{"class":118},[60,74139,8579],{"class":74},[60,74141,74142],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,74143,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,74145,74146,74148,74150,74152],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,74147,135],{"class":134},[60,74149,122],{"class":74},[60,74151,1506],{"class":118},[60,74153,128],{"class":74},[20,74155,318],{},[51,74157,74159],{"className":53,"code":74158,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74160,74161],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,74162,74163,74165,74167,74169,74171,74173,74175],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,74164,3854],{"class":74},[60,74166,189],{"class":78},[60,74168,82],{"class":74},[60,74170,85],{"class":78},[60,74172,82],{"class":74},[60,74174,695],{"class":78},[60,74176,101],{"class":74},[46,74178,74180,10521,74182,74185],{"id":74179},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,74181,73281],{},[15,74183,74184],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,74187,74188],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[553,74190,74191],{"id":73337},[15,74192,73281],{},[20,74194,74195,74197],{},[15,74196,73281],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[51,74199,74201],{"className":53,"code":74200,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74202,74203,74223,74233],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,74204,74205,74207,74209,74211,74213,74215,74217,74219,74221],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,74206,67],{"class":66},[60,74208,71],{"class":70},[60,74210,75],{"class":74},[60,74212,189],{"class":78},[60,74214,82],{"class":74},[60,74216,695],{"class":78},[60,74218,82],{"class":74},[60,74220,85],{"class":78},[60,74222,101],{"class":74},[60,74224,74225,74227,74229,74231],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,74226,1506],{"class":66},[60,74228,115],{"class":74},[60,74230,73337],{"class":118},[60,74232,8579],{"class":74},[60,74234,74235,74237,74239,74241],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,74236,135],{"class":134},[60,74238,122],{"class":74},[60,74240,1506],{"class":118},[60,74242,128],{"class":74},[20,74244,318],{},[51,74246,74248],{"className":53,"code":74247,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74249,74250],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,74251,74252,74254,74256,74258,74260,74262,74264],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,74253,3854],{"class":74},[60,74255,125],{"class":78},[60,74257,82],{"class":74},[60,74259,695],{"class":78},[60,74261,82],{"class":74},[60,74263,94],{"class":78},[60,74265,101],{"class":74},[20,74267,74268,74269,74271],{},"Notice that this is ",[3698,74270,4581],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[553,74273,74275],{"id":74274},"sorted",[15,74276,74184],{},[20,74278,74279,74284],{},[260,74280,74282],{"href":74281},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,74283,74184],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[51,74286,74288],{"className":53,"code":74287,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74289,74290,74310,74325,74329,74339],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,74291,74292,74294,74296,74298,74300,74302,74304,74306,74308],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,74293,67],{"class":66},[60,74295,71],{"class":70},[60,74297,75],{"class":74},[60,74299,189],{"class":78},[60,74301,82],{"class":74},[60,74303,695],{"class":78},[60,74305,82],{"class":74},[60,74307,85],{"class":78},[60,74309,101],{"class":74},[60,74311,74312,74314,74316,74319,74321,74323],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,74313,107],{"class":66},[60,74315,71],{"class":70},[60,74317,74318],{"class":134}," sorted",[60,74320,122],{"class":74},[60,74322,1506],{"class":118},[60,74324,128],{"class":74},[60,74326,74327],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,74328,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,74330,74331,74333,74335,74337],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,74332,135],{"class":134},[60,74334,122],{"class":74},[60,74336,1506],{"class":118},[60,74338,128],{"class":74},[60,74340,74341,74343,74345,74347],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,74342,135],{"class":134},[60,74344,122],{"class":74},[60,74346,140],{"class":118},[60,74348,128],{"class":74},[20,74350,318],{},[51,74352,74354],{"className":53,"code":74353,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74355,74356,74372],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,74357,74358,74360,74362,74364,74366,74368,74370],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,74359,3854],{"class":74},[60,74361,189],{"class":78},[60,74363,82],{"class":74},[60,74365,695],{"class":78},[60,74367,82],{"class":74},[60,74369,85],{"class":78},[60,74371,101],{"class":74},[60,74373,74374,74376,74378,74380,74382,74384,74386],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,74375,3854],{"class":74},[60,74377,79],{"class":78},[60,74379,82],{"class":74},[60,74381,85],{"class":78},[60,74383,82],{"class":74},[60,74385,94],{"class":78},[60,74387,101],{"class":74},[20,74389,74390,74391,115],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,74392,74393],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[553,74395,74397],{"id":74396},"slicing","Slicing",[20,74399,74400,74401,74404],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74402,74403],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[51,74406,74408],{"className":53,"code":74407,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74409,74410,74430,74446,74450,74460],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,74411,74412,74414,74416,74418,74420,74422,74424,74426,74428],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,74413,67],{"class":66},[60,74415,71],{"class":70},[60,74417,75],{"class":74},[60,74419,189],{"class":78},[60,74421,82],{"class":74},[60,74423,695],{"class":78},[60,74425,82],{"class":74},[60,74427,85],{"class":78},[60,74429,101],{"class":74},[60,74431,74432,74434,74436,74438,74440,74442,74444],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,74433,107],{"class":66},[60,74435,71],{"class":70},[60,74437,112],{"class":66},[60,74439,73882],{"class":74},[60,74441,1991],{"class":70},[60,74443,79],{"class":78},[60,74445,101],{"class":74},[60,74447,74448],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,74449,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,74451,74452,74454,74456,74458],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,74453,135],{"class":134},[60,74455,122],{"class":74},[60,74457,1506],{"class":118},[60,74459,128],{"class":74},[60,74461,74462,74464,74466,74468],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,74463,135],{"class":134},[60,74465,122],{"class":74},[60,74467,140],{"class":118},[60,74469,128],{"class":74},[20,74471,318],{},[51,74473,74475],{"className":53,"code":74474,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74476,74477,74493],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,74478,74479,74481,74483,74485,74487,74489,74491],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,74480,3854],{"class":74},[60,74482,189],{"class":78},[60,74484,82],{"class":74},[60,74486,695],{"class":78},[60,74488,82],{"class":74},[60,74490,85],{"class":78},[60,74492,101],{"class":74},[60,74494,74495,74497,74499,74501,74503,74505,74507],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,74496,3854],{"class":74},[60,74498,125],{"class":78},[60,74500,82],{"class":74},[60,74502,695],{"class":78},[60,74504,82],{"class":74},[60,74506,94],{"class":78},[60,74508,101],{"class":74},[553,74510,74512],{"id":74511},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[30,74514,74515,74520,74525],{},[33,74516,150,74517,74519],{},[15,74518,73281],{}," when you want to change the original list",[33,74521,150,74522,74524],{},[15,74523,74403],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[33,74526,150,74527,74529],{},[15,74528,74184],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,74531,74532,74533,74539],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[260,74534,74536,74537,1869],{"href":74535},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,74538,64071],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[46,74541,1221,74543],{"id":74542},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,74544,73281],{},[20,74546,74547,74549],{},[15,74548,73281],{}," is a good choice:",[30,74551,74552,74555,74558],{},[33,74553,74554],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[33,74556,74557],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[33,74559,74560],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,74562,74563,74564,115],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[260,74565,74567],{"href":74566},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[46,74569,1351],{"id":1350},[20,74571,74572,74573,74575],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,74574,73281],{}," for these reasons:",[30,74577,74578,74582,74587,74592],{},[33,74579,12531,74580,12534],{},[15,74581,73281],{},[33,74583,1454,74584,74586],{},[15,74585,73281],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[33,74588,8356,74589,74591],{},[15,74590,73281],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[33,74593,37138,74594,8640,74596],{},[15,74595,73281],{},[15,74597,74598],{},"reversed()",[20,74600,74601],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[51,74603,74605],{"className":53,"code":74604,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,74606,74607,74619],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,74608,74609,74611,74613,74615,74617],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,74610,34621],{"class":66},[60,74612,71],{"class":70},[60,74614,267],{"class":255},[60,74616,3801],{"class":259},[60,74618,3320],{"class":255},[60,74620,74621,74623,74625,74627],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,74622,34642],{"class":66},[60,74624,115],{"class":74},[60,74626,73337],{"class":118},[60,74628,8579],{"class":74},[20,74630,74631,74632,33533],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,74633,73281],{},[20,74635,74636],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[51,74638,74640],{"className":53,"code":74639,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74641,74642,74662,74666,74676,74690,74694,74708,74718,74722],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,74643,74644,74646,74648,74650,74652,74654,74656,74658,74660],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,74645,8248],{"class":66},[60,74647,71],{"class":70},[60,74649,75],{"class":74},[60,74651,79],{"class":78},[60,74653,82],{"class":74},[60,74655,85],{"class":78},[60,74657,82],{"class":74},[60,74659,94],{"class":78},[60,74661,101],{"class":74},[60,74663,74664],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,74665,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,74667,74668,74670,74672,74674],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,74669,135],{"class":134},[60,74671,122],{"class":74},[60,74673,212],{"class":118},[60,74675,128],{"class":74},[60,74677,74678,74680,74682,74684,74686,74688],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,74679,135],{"class":134},[60,74681,122],{"class":74},[60,74683,1657],{"class":1656},[60,74685,122],{"class":74},[60,74687,212],{"class":118},[60,74689,315],{"class":74},[60,74691,74692],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,74693,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,74695,74696,74698,74700,74702,74704,74706],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,74697,107],{"class":66},[60,74699,71],{"class":70},[60,74701,1695],{"class":66},[60,74703,115],{"class":74},[60,74705,73337],{"class":118},[60,74707,8579],{"class":74},[60,74709,74710,74712,74714,74716],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,74711,135],{"class":134},[60,74713,122],{"class":74},[60,74715,140],{"class":118},[60,74717,128],{"class":74},[60,74719,74720],{"class":62,"line":6367},[60,74721,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,74723,74724,74726,74728,74730,74732,74734,74736],{"class":62,"line":6373},[60,74725,135],{"class":134},[60,74727,122],{"class":74},[60,74729,212],{"class":118},[60,74731,73882],{"class":74},[60,74733,1991],{"class":70},[60,74735,79],{"class":78},[60,74737,1193],{"class":74},[20,74739,318],{},[51,74741,74743],{"className":53,"code":74742,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,74744,74745,74761,74775,74779],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,74746,74747,74749,74751,74753,74755,74757,74759],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,74748,3854],{"class":74},[60,74750,79],{"class":78},[60,74752,82],{"class":74},[60,74754,85],{"class":78},[60,74756,82],{"class":74},[60,74758,94],{"class":78},[60,74760,101],{"class":74},[60,74762,74763,74765,74767,74769,74771,74773],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,74764,3250],{"class":70},[60,74766,3253],{"class":2033},[60,74768,3256],{"class":255},[60,74770,8033],{"class":259},[60,74772,3261],{"class":255},[60,74774,3264],{"class":70},[60,74776,74777],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,74778,11745],{"class":685},[60,74780,74781,74783,74785,74787,74789,74791,74793],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,74782,3854],{"class":74},[60,74784,79],{"class":78},[60,74786,82],{"class":74},[60,74788,85],{"class":78},[60,74790,82],{"class":74},[60,74792,695],{"class":78},[60,74794,101],{"class":74},[20,74796,74797],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[51,74799,74801],{"className":53,"code":74800,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74802,74803,74823,74827,74837,74851,74855,74869,74879,74889],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,74804,74805,74807,74809,74811,74813,74815,74817,74819,74821],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,74806,8248],{"class":66},[60,74808,71],{"class":70},[60,74810,75],{"class":74},[60,74812,79],{"class":78},[60,74814,82],{"class":74},[60,74816,85],{"class":78},[60,74818,82],{"class":74},[60,74820,94],{"class":78},[60,74822,101],{"class":74},[60,74824,74825],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,74826,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,74828,74829,74831,74833,74835],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,74830,135],{"class":134},[60,74832,122],{"class":74},[60,74834,212],{"class":118},[60,74836,128],{"class":74},[60,74838,74839,74841,74843,74845,74847,74849],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,74840,135],{"class":134},[60,74842,122],{"class":74},[60,74844,1657],{"class":1656},[60,74846,122],{"class":74},[60,74848,212],{"class":118},[60,74850,315],{"class":74},[60,74852,74853],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,74854,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,74856,74857,74859,74861,74863,74865,74867],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,74858,107],{"class":66},[60,74860,71],{"class":70},[60,74862,1695],{"class":66},[60,74864,115],{"class":74},[60,74866,73337],{"class":118},[60,74868,8579],{"class":74},[60,74870,74871,74873,74875,74877],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,74872,135],{"class":134},[60,74874,122],{"class":74},[60,74876,140],{"class":118},[60,74878,128],{"class":74},[60,74880,74881,74883,74885,74887],{"class":62,"line":6367},[60,74882,135],{"class":134},[60,74884,122],{"class":74},[60,74886,212],{"class":118},[60,74888,128],{"class":74},[60,74890,74891,74893,74895,74897,74899,74901,74903],{"class":62,"line":6373},[60,74892,135],{"class":134},[60,74894,122],{"class":74},[60,74896,212],{"class":118},[60,74898,73882],{"class":74},[60,74900,1991],{"class":70},[60,74902,79],{"class":78},[60,74904,1193],{"class":74},[20,74906,318],{},[51,74908,74910],{"className":53,"code":74909,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74911,74912,74928,74942,74946,74962],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,74913,74914,74916,74918,74920,74922,74924,74926],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,74915,3854],{"class":74},[60,74917,79],{"class":78},[60,74919,82],{"class":74},[60,74921,85],{"class":78},[60,74923,82],{"class":74},[60,74925,94],{"class":78},[60,74927,101],{"class":74},[60,74929,74930,74932,74934,74936,74938,74940],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,74931,3250],{"class":70},[60,74933,3253],{"class":2033},[60,74935,3256],{"class":255},[60,74937,8033],{"class":259},[60,74939,3261],{"class":255},[60,74941,3264],{"class":70},[60,74943,74944],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,74945,11745],{"class":685},[60,74947,74948,74950,74952,74954,74956,74958,74960],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,74949,3854],{"class":74},[60,74951,189],{"class":78},[60,74953,82],{"class":74},[60,74955,85],{"class":78},[60,74957,82],{"class":74},[60,74959,695],{"class":78},[60,74961,101],{"class":74},[60,74963,74964,74966,74968,74970,74972,74974,74976],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,74965,3854],{"class":74},[60,74967,79],{"class":78},[60,74969,82],{"class":74},[60,74971,85],{"class":78},[60,74973,82],{"class":74},[60,74975,94],{"class":78},[60,74977,101],{"class":74},[20,74979,74980],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[30,74982,74983,74992,75001],{},[33,74984,27728,74985,74988,74989],{},[15,74986,74987],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,74990,74991],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[33,74993,11852,74994,74997,74998,22492],{},[15,74995,74996],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[3698,74999,75000],{},"current",[33,75002,75003,75004],{},"So it prints ",[15,75005,75006],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[46,75008,1773],{"id":1772},[553,75010,1777,75012,55392],{"id":75011},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,75013,73286],{},[20,75015,62362,75016,115],{},[15,75017,3734],{},[553,75019,34138,75021,34141,75023,1435],{"id":75020},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,75022,73281],{},[15,75024,75025],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,75027,75028,75030],{},[15,75029,73281],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,75032,75033,75035],{},[15,75034,75025],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[553,75037,28261,75039,75041],{"id":75038},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,75040,73281],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,75043,46297,75044,75046],{},[15,75045,73281],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[553,75048,75050],{"id":75049},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,75052,75053],{},"Use slicing:",[51,75055,75057],{"className":53,"code":75056,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,75058,75059],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,75060,75061,75063,75065,75067,75069],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,75062,212],{"class":66},[60,75064,73882],{"class":74},[60,75066,1991],{"class":70},[60,75068,79],{"class":78},[60,75070,101],{"class":74},[20,75072,75073],{},"Or use:",[51,75075,75077],{"className":53,"code":75076,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,75078,75079],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,75080,75081,75083,75085,75088,75090,75092],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,75082,8033],{"class":1656},[60,75084,122],{"class":74},[60,75086,75087],{"class":134},"reversed",[60,75089,122],{"class":74},[60,75091,212],{"class":118},[60,75093,315],{"class":74},[20,75095,75096,75097,75101],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[260,75098,1865,75099],{"href":54883},[15,75100,12713],{}," can also help.",[46,75103,1842],{"id":1841},[30,75105,75106,75112,75118,75122,75126],{},[33,75107,75108],{},[260,75109,1865,75110,1869],{"href":74535},[15,75111,64071],{},[33,75113,75114],{},[260,75115,1875,75116,3471],{"href":74281},[15,75117,74184],{},[33,75119,75120],{},[260,75121,74567],{"href":74566},[33,75123,75124],{},[260,75125,73982],{"href":73299},[33,75127,75128],{},[260,75129,1865,75130,1869],{"href":54883},[15,75131,12713],{},[1885,75133,75134],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":75136},[75137,75138,75140,75141,75142,75144,75145,75152,75154,75155,75164],{"id":48,"depth":104,"text":49},{"id":73360,"depth":104,"text":75139},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199},{"id":11410,"depth":104,"text":11411},{"id":73719,"depth":104,"text":75143},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":73985,"depth":104,"text":73986},{"id":74179,"depth":104,"text":75146,"children":75147},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75148,75149,75150,75151],{"id":73337,"depth":131,"text":73281},{"id":74274,"depth":131,"text":74184},{"id":74396,"depth":131,"text":74397},{"id":74511,"depth":131,"text":74512},{"id":74542,"depth":104,"text":75153},"When to use reverse()",{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":75156},[75157,75159,75161,75163],{"id":75011,"depth":131,"text":75158},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75020,"depth":131,"text":75160},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75038,"depth":131,"text":75162},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75049,"depth":131,"text":75050},{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73273,"description":75165},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75172,"title":75173,"body":75174,"description":77607,"extension":1930,"meta":77608,"navigation":421,"path":77609,"seo":77610,"stem":77611,"__hash__":77612},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75175,"toc":77575},[75176,75179,75191,75194,75217,75225,75227,75339,75348,75352,75355,75358,75445,75447,75480,75482,75505,75511,75515,75518,75540,75542,75559,75562,75582,75584,75694,75696,75773,75777,75780,75823,75825,75958,75960,76062,76067,76071,76074,76076,76090,76093,76207,76209,76283,76285,76313,76317,76322,76352,76355,76481,76483,76565,76571,76575,76577,76616,76625,76629,76632,76636,76683,76685,76693,76697,76748,76750,76763,76765,76779,76782,76790,76792,76839,76841,76849,76852,76895,76900,76903,76906,76929,76933,76984,76987,77008,77018,77022,77024,77054,77057,77080,77084,77087,77154,77156,77193,77196,77204,77271,77273,77310,77316,77323,77327,77330,77360,77365,77369,77372,77396,77399,77493,77503,77505,77509,77512,77516,77519,77524,77527,77533,77536,77538,77566,77572],[10,75177,75173],{"id":75178},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,75180,75181,75182,2154,75184,17007,75187,75190],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,75183,36008],{},[15,75185,75186],{},"stop",[15,75188,75189],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,75192,75193],{},"The basic slice form is:",[51,75195,75197],{"className":53,"code":75196,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,75198,75199],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,75200,75201,75203,75205,75207,75209,75211,75213,75215],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,75202,212],{"class":66},[60,75204,3854],{"class":74},[60,75206,36008],{"class":66},[60,75208,166],{"class":74},[60,75210,75186],{"class":66},[60,75212,166],{"class":74},[60,75214,75189],{"class":66},[60,75216,101],{"class":74},[20,75218,75219,75220,75222,75223,115],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,75221,75186],{}," position is ",[3698,75224,64829],{},[46,75226,1972],{"id":1971},[51,75228,75230],{"className":53,"code":75229,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75231,75232,75260,75264,75285,75303,75320],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,75233,75234,75236,75238,75240,75242,75244,75246,75248,75250,75252,75254,75256,75258],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,75235,67],{"class":66},[60,75237,71],{"class":70},[60,75239,75],{"class":74},[60,75241,873],{"class":78},[60,75243,82],{"class":74},[60,75245,878],{"class":78},[60,75247,82],{"class":74},[60,75249,888],{"class":78},[60,75251,82],{"class":74},[60,75253,50773],{"class":78},[60,75255,82],{"class":74},[60,75257,5028],{"class":78},[60,75259,101],{"class":74},[60,75261,75262],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,75263,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,75265,75266,75268,75270,75272,75274,75276,75278,75280,75282],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,75267,135],{"class":134},[60,75269,122],{"class":74},[60,75271,1506],{"class":118},[60,75273,3854],{"class":74},[60,75275,79],{"class":78},[60,75277,166],{"class":74},[60,75279,2465],{"class":78},[60,75281,20379],{"class":74},[60,75283,75284],{"class":146},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[60,75286,75287,75289,75291,75293,75296,75298,75300],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,75288,135],{"class":134},[60,75290,122],{"class":74},[60,75292,1506],{"class":118},[60,75294,75295],{"class":74},"[:",[60,75297,189],{"class":78},[60,75299,20379],{"class":74},[60,75301,75302],{"class":146},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[60,75304,75305,75307,75309,75311,75313,75315,75317],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,75306,135],{"class":134},[60,75308,122],{"class":74},[60,75310,1506],{"class":118},[60,75312,73882],{"class":74},[60,75314,125],{"class":78},[60,75316,20379],{"class":74},[60,75318,75319],{"class":146},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[60,75321,75322,75324,75326,75328,75330,75332,75334,75336],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,75323,135],{"class":134},[60,75325,122],{"class":74},[60,75327,1506],{"class":118},[60,75329,73882],{"class":74},[60,75331,1991],{"class":70},[60,75333,79],{"class":78},[60,75335,20379],{"class":74},[60,75337,75338],{"class":146},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,75340,150,75341,75344,75345,75347],{},[15,75342,75343],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,75346,75186],{}," value is not included.",[46,75349,75351],{"id":75350},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,75353,75354],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,75356,75357],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[51,75359,75361],{"className":53,"code":75360,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,75362,75363,75411,75415,75434],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,75364,75365,75367,75369,75371,75373,75375,75377,75379,75381,75383,75385,75387,75389,75391,75393,75395,75397,75399,75401,75403,75405,75407,75409],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,75366,248],{"class":66},[60,75368,71],{"class":70},[60,75370,75],{"class":74},[60,75372,256],{"class":255},[60,75374,260],{"class":259},[60,75376,256],{"class":255},[60,75378,82],{"class":74},[60,75380,267],{"class":255},[60,75382,270],{"class":259},[60,75384,256],{"class":255},[60,75386,82],{"class":74},[60,75388,267],{"class":255},[60,75390,287],{"class":259},[60,75392,256],{"class":255},[60,75394,82],{"class":74},[60,75396,267],{"class":255},[60,75398,18701],{"class":259},[60,75400,256],{"class":255},[60,75402,82],{"class":74},[60,75404,267],{"class":255},[60,75406,60206],{"class":259},[60,75408,256],{"class":255},[60,75410,101],{"class":74},[60,75412,75413],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,75414,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,75416,75417,75420,75422,75424,75426,75428,75430,75432],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,75418,75419],{"class":66},"part ",[60,75421,71],{"class":70},[60,75423,69856],{"class":66},[60,75425,3854],{"class":74},[60,75427,79],{"class":78},[60,75429,166],{"class":74},[60,75431,2465],{"class":78},[60,75433,101],{"class":74},[60,75435,75436,75438,75440,75443],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,75437,135],{"class":134},[60,75439,122],{"class":74},[60,75441,75442],{"class":118},"part",[60,75444,128],{"class":74},[20,75446,318],{},[51,75448,75450],{"className":53,"code":75449,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75451,75452],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,75453,75454,75456,75458,75460,75462,75464,75466,75468,75470,75472,75474,75476,75478],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,75455,3854],{"class":74},[60,75457,3261],{"class":255},[60,75459,270],{"class":259},[60,75461,3261],{"class":255},[60,75463,82],{"class":74},[60,75465,3256],{"class":255},[60,75467,287],{"class":259},[60,75469,3261],{"class":255},[60,75471,82],{"class":74},[60,75473,3256],{"class":255},[60,75475,18701],{"class":259},[60,75477,3261],{"class":255},[60,75479,101],{"class":74},[20,75481,12989],{},[30,75483,75484,75487,75490,75496,75502],{},[33,75485,75486],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[33,75488,75489],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[33,75491,75492,75493],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75494,75495],{},"list[start:stop]",[33,75497,75498,75499,75501],{},"The item at ",[15,75500,75186],{}," is not included",[33,75503,75504],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,75506,75507,75508,115],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[260,75509,75510],{"href":1342},"beginner guide to Python lists",[46,75512,75514],{"id":75513},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,75516,75517],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[51,75519,75520],{"className":53,"code":75196,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,75521,75522],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,75523,75524,75526,75528,75530,75532,75534,75536,75538],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,75525,212],{"class":66},[60,75527,3854],{"class":74},[60,75529,36008],{"class":66},[60,75531,166],{"class":74},[60,75533,75186],{"class":66},[60,75535,166],{"class":74},[60,75537,75189],{"class":66},[60,75539,101],{"class":74},[20,75541,64805],{},[30,75543,75544,75549,75554],{},[33,75545,75546,75548],{},[15,75547,36008],{}," is where slicing begins",[33,75550,75551,75553],{},[15,75552,75186],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[33,75555,75556,75558],{},[15,75557,75189],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,75560,75561],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[30,75563,75564,75570,75575],{},[33,75565,75566,75567,75569],{},"Missing ",[15,75568,36008],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[33,75571,75566,75572,75574],{},[15,75573,75186],{}," means go to the end of the list",[33,75576,75566,75577,75579,75580],{},[15,75578,75189],{}," means use ",[15,75581,79],{},[20,75583,238],{},[51,75585,75587],{"className":53,"code":75586,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,75588,75589,75617,75621,75642,75659,75677],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,75590,75591,75593,75595,75597,75599,75601,75603,75605,75607,75609,75611,75613,75615],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,75592,67],{"class":66},[60,75594,71],{"class":70},[60,75596,75],{"class":74},[60,75598,873],{"class":78},[60,75600,82],{"class":74},[60,75602,878],{"class":78},[60,75604,82],{"class":74},[60,75606,888],{"class":78},[60,75608,82],{"class":74},[60,75610,50773],{"class":78},[60,75612,82],{"class":74},[60,75614,5028],{"class":78},[60,75616,101],{"class":74},[60,75618,75619],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,75620,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,75622,75623,75625,75627,75629,75631,75633,75635,75637,75639],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,75624,135],{"class":134},[60,75626,122],{"class":74},[60,75628,1506],{"class":118},[60,75630,3854],{"class":74},[60,75632,79],{"class":78},[60,75634,166],{"class":74},[60,75636,2465],{"class":78},[60,75638,20379],{"class":74},[60,75640,75641],{"class":146},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[60,75643,75644,75646,75648,75650,75652,75654,75656],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,75645,135],{"class":134},[60,75647,122],{"class":74},[60,75649,1506],{"class":118},[60,75651,75295],{"class":74},[60,75653,189],{"class":78},[60,75655,20379],{"class":74},[60,75657,75658],{"class":146},"    # start from the beginning\n",[60,75660,75661,75663,75665,75667,75669,75671,75674],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,75662,135],{"class":134},[60,75664,122],{"class":74},[60,75666,1506],{"class":118},[60,75668,3854],{"class":74},[60,75670,125],{"class":78},[60,75672,75673],{"class":74},":])",[60,75675,75676],{"class":146},"    # go to the end\n",[60,75678,75679,75681,75683,75685,75687,75689,75691],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,75680,135],{"class":134},[60,75682,122],{"class":74},[60,75684,1506],{"class":118},[60,75686,73882],{"class":74},[60,75688,79],{"class":78},[60,75690,20379],{"class":74},[60,75692,75693],{"class":146},"   # step of 1\n",[20,75695,318],{},[51,75697,75699],{"className":53,"code":75698,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,75700,75701,75717,75733,75749],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,75702,75703,75705,75707,75709,75711,75713,75715],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,75704,3854],{"class":74},[60,75706,15689],{"class":78},[60,75708,82],{"class":74},[60,75710,888],{"class":78},[60,75712,82],{"class":74},[60,75714,50773],{"class":78},[60,75716,101],{"class":74},[60,75718,75719,75721,75723,75725,75727,75729,75731],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,75720,3854],{"class":74},[60,75722,873],{"class":78},[60,75724,82],{"class":74},[60,75726,878],{"class":78},[60,75728,82],{"class":74},[60,75730,888],{"class":78},[60,75732,101],{"class":74},[60,75734,75735,75737,75739,75741,75743,75745,75747],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,75736,3854],{"class":74},[60,75738,36776],{"class":78},[60,75740,82],{"class":74},[60,75742,50773],{"class":78},[60,75744,82],{"class":74},[60,75746,5028],{"class":78},[60,75748,101],{"class":74},[60,75750,75751,75753,75755,75757,75759,75761,75763,75765,75767,75769,75771],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,75752,3854],{"class":74},[60,75754,873],{"class":78},[60,75756,82],{"class":74},[60,75758,878],{"class":78},[60,75760,82],{"class":74},[60,75762,888],{"class":78},[60,75764,82],{"class":74},[60,75766,50773],{"class":78},[60,75768,82],{"class":74},[60,75770,5028],{"class":78},[60,75772,101],{"class":74},[46,75774,75776],{"id":75775},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,75778,75779],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[30,75781,75782,75791,75800,75811,75817],{},[33,75783,75784,75787,75788,5910],{},[15,75785,75786],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,75789,75790],{},"n",[33,75792,75793,75796,75797,75799],{},[15,75794,75795],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,75798,75790],{}," to the end",[33,75801,75802,75805,75806,75808,75809],{},[15,75803,75804],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,75807,260],{}," up to ",[15,75810,270],{},[33,75812,75813,75816],{},[15,75814,75815],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[33,75818,75819,75822],{},[15,75820,75821],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,75824,238],{},[51,75826,75828],{"className":53,"code":75827,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,75829,75830,75863,75867,75884,75901,75922,75939],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,75831,75832,75834,75836,75838,75840,75842,75844,75846,75848,75850,75852,75854,75856,75858,75861],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,75833,67],{"class":66},[60,75835,71],{"class":70},[60,75837,75],{"class":74},[60,75839,873],{"class":78},[60,75841,82],{"class":74},[60,75843,878],{"class":78},[60,75845,82],{"class":74},[60,75847,888],{"class":78},[60,75849,82],{"class":74},[60,75851,50773],{"class":78},[60,75853,82],{"class":74},[60,75855,5028],{"class":78},[60,75857,82],{"class":74},[60,75859,75860],{"class":78}," 60",[60,75862,101],{"class":74},[60,75864,75865],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,75866,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,75868,75869,75871,75873,75875,75877,75879,75881],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,75870,135],{"class":134},[60,75872,122],{"class":74},[60,75874,1506],{"class":118},[60,75876,75295],{"class":74},[60,75878,189],{"class":78},[60,75880,20379],{"class":74},[60,75882,75883],{"class":146},"    # first 3 items\n",[60,75885,75886,75888,75890,75892,75894,75896,75898],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,75887,135],{"class":134},[60,75889,122],{"class":74},[60,75891,1506],{"class":118},[60,75893,3854],{"class":74},[60,75895,189],{"class":78},[60,75897,75673],{"class":74},[60,75899,75900],{"class":146},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[60,75902,75903,75905,75907,75909,75911,75913,75915,75917,75919],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,75904,135],{"class":134},[60,75906,122],{"class":74},[60,75908,1506],{"class":118},[60,75910,3854],{"class":74},[60,75912,79],{"class":78},[60,75914,166],{"class":74},[60,75916,1086],{"class":78},[60,75918,20379],{"class":74},[60,75920,75921],{"class":146},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[60,75923,75924,75926,75928,75930,75932,75934,75936],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,75925,135],{"class":134},[60,75927,122],{"class":74},[60,75929,1506],{"class":118},[60,75931,73882],{"class":74},[60,75933,125],{"class":78},[60,75935,20379],{"class":74},[60,75937,75938],{"class":146},"   # every second item\n",[60,75940,75941,75943,75945,75947,75949,75951,75953,75955],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,75942,135],{"class":134},[60,75944,122],{"class":74},[60,75946,1506],{"class":118},[60,75948,73882],{"class":74},[60,75950,1991],{"class":70},[60,75952,79],{"class":78},[60,75954,20379],{"class":74},[60,75956,75957],{"class":146},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,75959,318],{},[51,75961,75963],{"className":53,"code":75962,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75964,75965,75981,75997,76017,76033],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,75966,75967,75969,75971,75973,75975,75977,75979],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,75968,3854],{"class":74},[60,75970,873],{"class":78},[60,75972,82],{"class":74},[60,75974,878],{"class":78},[60,75976,82],{"class":74},[60,75978,888],{"class":78},[60,75980,101],{"class":74},[60,75982,75983,75985,75987,75989,75991,75993,75995],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,75984,3854],{"class":74},[60,75986,56614],{"class":78},[60,75988,82],{"class":74},[60,75990,5028],{"class":78},[60,75992,82],{"class":74},[60,75994,75860],{"class":78},[60,75996,101],{"class":74},[60,75998,75999,76001,76003,76005,76007,76009,76011,76013,76015],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,76000,3854],{"class":74},[60,76002,15689],{"class":78},[60,76004,82],{"class":74},[60,76006,888],{"class":78},[60,76008,82],{"class":74},[60,76010,50773],{"class":78},[60,76012,82],{"class":74},[60,76014,5028],{"class":78},[60,76016,101],{"class":74},[60,76018,76019,76021,76023,76025,76027,76029,76031],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,76020,3854],{"class":74},[60,76022,873],{"class":78},[60,76024,82],{"class":74},[60,76026,888],{"class":78},[60,76028,82],{"class":74},[60,76030,5028],{"class":78},[60,76032,101],{"class":74},[60,76034,76035,76037,76040,76042,76044,76046,76048,76050,76052,76054,76056,76058,76060],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,76036,3854],{"class":74},[60,76038,76039],{"class":78},"60",[60,76041,82],{"class":74},[60,76043,5028],{"class":78},[60,76045,82],{"class":74},[60,76047,50773],{"class":78},[60,76049,82],{"class":74},[60,76051,888],{"class":78},[60,76053,82],{"class":74},[60,76055,878],{"class":78},[60,76057,82],{"class":74},[60,76059,883],{"class":78},[60,76061,101],{"class":74},[20,76063,76064,76065,115],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[260,76066,14823],{"href":57141},[46,76068,76070],{"id":76069},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,76072,76073],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,76075,5418],{},[30,76077,76078,76084],{},[33,76079,76080,76083],{},[15,76081,76082],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[33,76085,76086,76089],{},[15,76087,76088],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,76091,76092],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[51,76094,76096],{"className":53,"code":76095,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,76097,76098,76146,76150,76169,76188],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,76099,76100,76102,76104,76106,76108,76110,76112,76114,76116,76118,76120,76122,76124,76126,76128,76130,76132,76134,76136,76138,76140,76142,76144],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,76101,248],{"class":66},[60,76103,71],{"class":70},[60,76105,75],{"class":74},[60,76107,256],{"class":255},[60,76109,260],{"class":259},[60,76111,256],{"class":255},[60,76113,82],{"class":74},[60,76115,267],{"class":255},[60,76117,270],{"class":259},[60,76119,256],{"class":255},[60,76121,82],{"class":74},[60,76123,267],{"class":255},[60,76125,287],{"class":259},[60,76127,256],{"class":255},[60,76129,82],{"class":74},[60,76131,267],{"class":255},[60,76133,18701],{"class":259},[60,76135,256],{"class":255},[60,76137,82],{"class":74},[60,76139,267],{"class":255},[60,76141,60206],{"class":259},[60,76143,256],{"class":255},[60,76145,101],{"class":74},[60,76147,76148],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,76149,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,76151,76152,76154,76156,76158,76160,76162,76164,76166],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,76153,135],{"class":134},[60,76155,122],{"class":74},[60,76157,300],{"class":118},[60,76159,3854],{"class":74},[60,76161,1991],{"class":70},[60,76163,79],{"class":78},[60,76165,20379],{"class":74},[60,76167,76168],{"class":146},"    # last item\n",[60,76170,76171,76173,76175,76177,76179,76181,76183,76185],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,76172,135],{"class":134},[60,76174,122],{"class":74},[60,76176,300],{"class":118},[60,76178,3854],{"class":74},[60,76180,1991],{"class":70},[60,76182,189],{"class":78},[60,76184,75673],{"class":74},[60,76186,76187],{"class":146},"   # last 3 items\n",[60,76189,76190,76192,76194,76196,76198,76200,76202,76204],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,76191,135],{"class":134},[60,76193,122],{"class":74},[60,76195,300],{"class":118},[60,76197,75295],{"class":74},[60,76199,1991],{"class":70},[60,76201,79],{"class":78},[60,76203,20379],{"class":74},[60,76205,76206],{"class":146},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,76208,318],{},[51,76210,76212],{"className":53,"code":76211,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76213,76214,76219,76247],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,76215,76216],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,76217,76218],{"class":66},"e\n",[60,76220,76221,76223,76225,76227,76229,76231,76233,76235,76237,76239,76241,76243,76245],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,76222,3854],{"class":74},[60,76224,3261],{"class":255},[60,76226,287],{"class":259},[60,76228,3261],{"class":255},[60,76230,82],{"class":74},[60,76232,3256],{"class":255},[60,76234,18701],{"class":259},[60,76236,3261],{"class":255},[60,76238,82],{"class":74},[60,76240,3256],{"class":255},[60,76242,60206],{"class":259},[60,76244,3261],{"class":255},[60,76246,101],{"class":74},[60,76248,76249,76251,76253,76255,76257,76259,76261,76263,76265,76267,76269,76271,76273,76275,76277,76279,76281],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,76250,3854],{"class":74},[60,76252,3261],{"class":255},[60,76254,260],{"class":259},[60,76256,3261],{"class":255},[60,76258,82],{"class":74},[60,76260,3256],{"class":255},[60,76262,270],{"class":259},[60,76264,3261],{"class":255},[60,76266,82],{"class":74},[60,76268,3256],{"class":255},[60,76270,287],{"class":259},[60,76272,3261],{"class":255},[60,76274,82],{"class":74},[60,76276,3256],{"class":255},[60,76278,18701],{"class":259},[60,76280,3261],{"class":255},[60,76282,101],{"class":74},[20,76284,12989],{},[30,76286,76287,76290,76294,76300,76306],{},[33,76288,76289],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[33,76291,76292,76083],{},[15,76293,76082],{},[33,76295,76296,76299],{},[15,76297,76298],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[33,76301,76302,76305],{},[15,76303,76304],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[33,76307,76308,76309,544,76311],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,76310,36008],{},[15,76312,75186],{},[46,76314,76316],{"id":76315},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,76318,1947,76319,76321],{},[15,76320,75189],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[30,76323,76324,76327,76330,76335,76345],{},[33,76325,76326],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[33,76328,76329],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[33,76331,76332,76334],{},[15,76333,75821],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[33,76336,8810,76337,76339,76340,76342,76343],{},[15,76338,75189],{}," is negative, ",[15,76341,36008],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,76344,75186],{},[33,76346,76347,76349,76350],{},[15,76348,75189],{}," cannot be ",[15,76351,195],{},[20,76353,76354],{},"Example with different step values:",[51,76356,76358],{"className":53,"code":76357,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,76359,76360,76392,76396,76413,76435,76454],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,76361,76362,76364,76366,76368,76370,76372,76374,76376,76378,76380,76382,76384,76386,76388,76390],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,76363,67],{"class":66},[60,76365,71],{"class":70},[60,76367,75],{"class":74},[60,76369,873],{"class":78},[60,76371,82],{"class":74},[60,76373,878],{"class":78},[60,76375,82],{"class":74},[60,76377,888],{"class":78},[60,76379,82],{"class":74},[60,76381,50773],{"class":78},[60,76383,82],{"class":74},[60,76385,5028],{"class":78},[60,76387,82],{"class":74},[60,76389,75860],{"class":78},[60,76391,101],{"class":74},[60,76393,76394],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,76395,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,76397,76398,76400,76402,76404,76406,76408,76410],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,76399,135],{"class":134},[60,76401,122],{"class":74},[60,76403,1506],{"class":118},[60,76405,73882],{"class":74},[60,76407,125],{"class":78},[60,76409,20379],{"class":74},[60,76411,76412],{"class":146},"     # every second item\n",[60,76414,76415,76417,76419,76421,76423,76425,76428,76430,76432],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,76416,135],{"class":134},[60,76418,122],{"class":74},[60,76420,1506],{"class":118},[60,76422,3854],{"class":74},[60,76424,79],{"class":78},[60,76426,76427],{"class":74},"::",[60,76429,125],{"class":78},[60,76431,20379],{"class":74},[60,76433,76434],{"class":146},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[60,76436,76437,76439,76441,76443,76445,76447,76449,76451],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,76438,135],{"class":134},[60,76440,122],{"class":74},[60,76442,1506],{"class":118},[60,76444,73882],{"class":74},[60,76446,1991],{"class":70},[60,76448,79],{"class":78},[60,76450,20379],{"class":74},[60,76452,76453],{"class":146},"    # reverse the list\n",[60,76455,76456,76458,76460,76462,76464,76466,76468,76470,76472,76474,76476,76478],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,76457,135],{"class":134},[60,76459,122],{"class":74},[60,76461,1506],{"class":118},[60,76463,3854],{"class":74},[60,76465,2465],{"class":78},[60,76467,166],{"class":74},[60,76469,79],{"class":78},[60,76471,166],{"class":74},[60,76473,1991],{"class":70},[60,76475,79],{"class":78},[60,76477,20379],{"class":74},[60,76479,76480],{"class":146},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76482,318],{},[51,76484,76486],{"className":53,"code":76485,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76487,76488,76504,76520,76548],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,76489,76490,76492,76494,76496,76498,76500,76502],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,76491,3854],{"class":74},[60,76493,873],{"class":78},[60,76495,82],{"class":74},[60,76497,888],{"class":78},[60,76499,82],{"class":74},[60,76501,5028],{"class":78},[60,76503,101],{"class":74},[60,76505,76506,76508,76510,76512,76514,76516,76518],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,76507,3854],{"class":74},[60,76509,15689],{"class":78},[60,76511,82],{"class":74},[60,76513,50773],{"class":78},[60,76515,82],{"class":74},[60,76517,75860],{"class":78},[60,76519,101],{"class":74},[60,76521,76522,76524,76526,76528,76530,76532,76534,76536,76538,76540,76542,76544,76546],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,76523,3854],{"class":74},[60,76525,76039],{"class":78},[60,76527,82],{"class":74},[60,76529,5028],{"class":78},[60,76531,82],{"class":74},[60,76533,50773],{"class":78},[60,76535,82],{"class":74},[60,76537,888],{"class":78},[60,76539,82],{"class":74},[60,76541,878],{"class":78},[60,76543,82],{"class":74},[60,76545,883],{"class":78},[60,76547,101],{"class":74},[60,76549,76550,76552,76555,76557,76559,76561,76563],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,76551,3854],{"class":74},[60,76553,76554],{"class":78},"50",[60,76556,82],{"class":74},[60,76558,50773],{"class":78},[60,76560,82],{"class":74},[60,76562,888],{"class":78},[60,76564,101],{"class":74},[20,76566,76567,76568,115],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[260,76569,76570],{"href":74566},"how to reverse a list in Python",[553,76572,76574],{"id":76573},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,76576,2797],{},[51,76578,76580],{"className":53,"code":76579,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76581,76582,76602],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,76583,76584,76586,76588,76590,76592,76594,76596,76598,76600],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,76585,67],{"class":66},[60,76587,71],{"class":70},[60,76589,75],{"class":74},[60,76591,79],{"class":78},[60,76593,82],{"class":74},[60,76595,85],{"class":78},[60,76597,82],{"class":74},[60,76599,94],{"class":78},[60,76601,101],{"class":74},[60,76603,76604,76606,76608,76610,76612,76614],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,76605,135],{"class":134},[60,76607,122],{"class":74},[60,76609,1506],{"class":118},[60,76611,73882],{"class":74},[60,76613,195],{"class":78},[60,76615,1193],{"class":74},[20,76617,76618,76619,76621,76622,76624],{},"Python raises a ",[15,76620,40638],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,76623,195],{}," does not make sense.",[46,76626,76628],{"id":76627},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,76630,76631],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[553,76633,76635],{"id":76634},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[51,76637,76639],{"className":53,"code":76638,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,76640,76641,76665,76669],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,76642,76643,76645,76647,76649,76651,76653,76655,76657,76659,76661,76663],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,76644,67],{"class":66},[60,76646,71],{"class":70},[60,76648,75],{"class":74},[60,76650,873],{"class":78},[60,76652,82],{"class":74},[60,76654,878],{"class":78},[60,76656,82],{"class":74},[60,76658,888],{"class":78},[60,76660,82],{"class":74},[60,76662,50773],{"class":78},[60,76664,101],{"class":74},[60,76666,76667],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,76668,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,76670,76671,76673,76675,76677,76679,76681],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,76672,135],{"class":134},[60,76674,122],{"class":74},[60,76676,1506],{"class":118},[60,76678,3854],{"class":74},[60,76680,125],{"class":78},[60,76682,1193],{"class":74},[20,76684,318],{},[51,76686,76687],{"className":53,"code":69600,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,76688,76689],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,76690,76691],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,76692,69600],{"class":78},[553,76694,76696],{"id":76695},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[51,76698,76700],{"className":53,"code":76699,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,76701,76702,76726,76730],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,76703,76704,76706,76708,76710,76712,76714,76716,76718,76720,76722,76724],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,76705,67],{"class":66},[60,76707,71],{"class":70},[60,76709,75],{"class":74},[60,76711,873],{"class":78},[60,76713,82],{"class":74},[60,76715,878],{"class":78},[60,76717,82],{"class":74},[60,76719,888],{"class":78},[60,76721,82],{"class":74},[60,76723,50773],{"class":78},[60,76725,101],{"class":74},[60,76727,76728],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,76729,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,76731,76732,76734,76736,76738,76740,76742,76744,76746],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,76733,135],{"class":134},[60,76735,122],{"class":74},[60,76737,1506],{"class":118},[60,76739,3854],{"class":74},[60,76741,125],{"class":78},[60,76743,166],{"class":74},[60,76745,189],{"class":78},[60,76747,1193],{"class":74},[20,76749,318],{},[51,76751,76753],{"className":53,"code":76752,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[30]\n",[15,76754,76755],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,76756,76757,76759,76761],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,76758,3854],{"class":74},[60,76760,36776],{"class":78},[60,76762,101],{"class":74},[20,76764,13698],{},[30,76766,76767,76773],{},[33,76768,76769,76772],{},[15,76770,76771],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[33,76774,76775,76778],{},[15,76776,76777],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,76780,76781],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[30,76783,76784,76787],{},[33,76785,76786],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[33,76788,76789],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,76791,238],{},[51,76793,76795],{"className":53,"code":76794,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,76796,76797,76817,76821],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,76798,76799,76801,76803,76805,76807,76809,76811,76813,76815],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,76800,67],{"class":66},[60,76802,71],{"class":70},[60,76804,75],{"class":74},[60,76806,873],{"class":78},[60,76808,82],{"class":74},[60,76810,878],{"class":78},[60,76812,82],{"class":74},[60,76814,888],{"class":78},[60,76816,101],{"class":74},[60,76818,76819],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,76820,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,76822,76823,76825,76827,76829,76831,76833,76835,76837],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,76824,135],{"class":134},[60,76826,122],{"class":74},[60,76828,1506],{"class":118},[60,76830,3854],{"class":74},[60,76832,1086],{"class":78},[60,76834,166],{"class":74},[60,76836,873],{"class":78},[60,76838,1193],{"class":74},[20,76840,318],{},[51,76842,76843],{"className":53,"code":38230,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,76844,76845],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,76846,76847],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,76848,38230],{"class":74},[20,76850,76851],{},"But this would raise an error:",[51,76853,76855],{"className":53,"code":76854,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,76856,76857,76877,76881],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,76858,76859,76861,76863,76865,76867,76869,76871,76873,76875],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,76860,67],{"class":66},[60,76862,71],{"class":70},[60,76864,75],{"class":74},[60,76866,873],{"class":78},[60,76868,82],{"class":74},[60,76870,878],{"class":78},[60,76872,82],{"class":74},[60,76874,888],{"class":78},[60,76876,101],{"class":74},[60,76878,76879],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,76880,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,76882,76883,76885,76887,76889,76891,76893],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,76884,135],{"class":134},[60,76886,122],{"class":74},[60,76888,1506],{"class":118},[60,76890,3854],{"class":74},[60,76892,1086],{"class":78},[60,76894,1193],{"class":74},[20,76896,76897,76898,115],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[260,76899,69019],{"href":69018},[46,76901,15111],{"id":76902},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,76904,76905],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[30,76907,76908,76912,76914,76917,76923],{},[33,76909,4655,76910,75501],{},[15,76911,75186],{},[33,76913,60451],{},[33,76915,76916],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[33,76918,37138,76919,8640,76921],{},[15,76920,75821],{},[15,76922,73286],{},[33,76924,76925,76926,76928],{},"Using step ",[15,76927,195],{},", which causes an error",[553,76930,76932],{"id":76931},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[51,76934,76936],{"className":53,"code":76935,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,76937,76938,76966],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,76939,76940,76942,76944,76946,76948,76950,76952,76954,76956,76958,76960,76962,76964],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,76941,67],{"class":66},[60,76943,71],{"class":70},[60,76945,75],{"class":74},[60,76947,873],{"class":78},[60,76949,82],{"class":74},[60,76951,878],{"class":78},[60,76953,82],{"class":74},[60,76955,888],{"class":78},[60,76957,82],{"class":74},[60,76959,50773],{"class":78},[60,76961,82],{"class":74},[60,76963,5028],{"class":78},[60,76965,101],{"class":74},[60,76967,76968,76970,76972,76974,76976,76978,76980,76982],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,76969,135],{"class":134},[60,76971,122],{"class":74},[60,76973,1506],{"class":118},[60,76975,3854],{"class":74},[60,76977,79],{"class":78},[60,76979,166],{"class":74},[60,76981,2465],{"class":78},[60,76983,1193],{"class":74},[20,76985,76986],{},"This returns:",[51,76988,76990],{"className":53,"code":76989,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,76991,76992],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,76993,76994,76996,76998,77000,77002,77004,77006],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,76995,3854],{"class":74},[60,76997,15689],{"class":78},[60,76999,82],{"class":74},[60,77001,888],{"class":78},[60,77003,82],{"class":74},[60,77005,50773],{"class":78},[60,77007,101],{"class":74},[20,77009,40840,77010,77012,77013,77015,77016,115],{},[3698,77011,4581],{}," include ",[15,77014,76554],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,77017,2465],{},[553,77019,77021],{"id":77020},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,77023,16579],{},[51,77025,77027],{"className":53,"code":77026,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,77028,77029,77049],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,77030,77031,77033,77035,77037,77039,77041,77043,77045,77047],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,77032,67],{"class":66},[60,77034,71],{"class":70},[60,77036,75],{"class":74},[60,77038,873],{"class":78},[60,77040,82],{"class":74},[60,77042,878],{"class":78},[60,77044,82],{"class":74},[60,77046,888],{"class":78},[60,77048,101],{"class":74},[60,77050,77051],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,77052,77053],{"class":146},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,77055,77056],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[51,77058,77060],{"className":53,"code":77059,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,77061,77062],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,77063,77064,77066,77068,77070,77072,77074,77076,77078],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,77065,135],{"class":134},[60,77067,122],{"class":74},[60,77069,1506],{"class":118},[60,77071,3854],{"class":74},[60,77073,79],{"class":78},[60,77075,166],{"class":74},[60,77077,189],{"class":78},[60,77079,1193],{"class":74},[553,77081,77083],{"id":77082},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,77085,77086],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[51,77088,77090],{"className":53,"code":77089,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77091,77092,77116,77130,77134,77144],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,77093,77094,77096,77098,77100,77102,77104,77106,77108,77110,77112,77114],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,77095,67],{"class":66},[60,77097,71],{"class":70},[60,77099,75],{"class":74},[60,77101,873],{"class":78},[60,77103,82],{"class":74},[60,77105,878],{"class":78},[60,77107,82],{"class":74},[60,77109,888],{"class":78},[60,77111,82],{"class":74},[60,77113,50773],{"class":78},[60,77115,101],{"class":74},[60,77117,77118,77120,77122,77124,77126,77128],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,77119,75419],{"class":66},[60,77121,71],{"class":70},[60,77123,112],{"class":66},[60,77125,75295],{"class":74},[60,77127,125],{"class":78},[60,77129,101],{"class":74},[60,77131,77132],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,77133,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,77135,77136,77138,77140,77142],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,77137,135],{"class":134},[60,77139,122],{"class":74},[60,77141,75442],{"class":118},[60,77143,128],{"class":74},[60,77145,77146,77148,77150,77152],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,77147,135],{"class":134},[60,77149,122],{"class":74},[60,77151,1506],{"class":118},[60,77153,128],{"class":74},[20,77155,318],{},[51,77157,77159],{"className":53,"code":77158,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77160,77161,77173],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,77162,77163,77165,77167,77169,77171],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,77164,3854],{"class":74},[60,77166,873],{"class":78},[60,77168,82],{"class":74},[60,77170,878],{"class":78},[60,77172,101],{"class":74},[60,77174,77175,77177,77179,77181,77183,77185,77187,77189,77191],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,77176,3854],{"class":74},[60,77178,873],{"class":78},[60,77180,82],{"class":74},[60,77182,878],{"class":78},[60,77184,82],{"class":74},[60,77186,888],{"class":78},[60,77188,82],{"class":74},[60,77190,50773],{"class":78},[60,77192,101],{"class":74},[20,77194,77195],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[553,77197,77199,77200,8640,77202],{"id":77198},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,77201,75821],{},[15,77203,73286],{},[51,77205,77207],{"className":53,"code":77206,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77208,77209,77229,77233,77250,77261],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,77210,77211,77213,77215,77217,77219,77221,77223,77225,77227],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,77212,67],{"class":66},[60,77214,71],{"class":70},[60,77216,75],{"class":74},[60,77218,873],{"class":78},[60,77220,82],{"class":74},[60,77222,878],{"class":78},[60,77224,82],{"class":74},[60,77226,888],{"class":78},[60,77228,101],{"class":74},[60,77230,77231],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,77232,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,77234,77235,77238,77240,77242,77244,77246,77248],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,77236,77237],{"class":66},"reversed_copy ",[60,77239,71],{"class":70},[60,77241,112],{"class":66},[60,77243,73882],{"class":74},[60,77245,1991],{"class":70},[60,77247,79],{"class":78},[60,77249,101],{"class":74},[60,77251,77252,77254,77256,77259],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,77253,135],{"class":134},[60,77255,122],{"class":74},[60,77257,77258],{"class":118},"reversed_copy",[60,77260,128],{"class":74},[60,77262,77263,77265,77267,77269],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,77264,135],{"class":134},[60,77266,122],{"class":74},[60,77268,1506],{"class":118},[60,77270,128],{"class":74},[20,77272,318],{},[51,77274,77276],{"className":53,"code":77275,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,77277,77278,77294],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,77279,77280,77282,77284,77286,77288,77290,77292],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,77281,3854],{"class":74},[60,77283,36776],{"class":78},[60,77285,82],{"class":74},[60,77287,878],{"class":78},[60,77289,82],{"class":74},[60,77291,883],{"class":78},[60,77293,101],{"class":74},[60,77295,77296,77298,77300,77302,77304,77306,77308],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,77297,3854],{"class":74},[60,77299,873],{"class":78},[60,77301,82],{"class":74},[60,77303,878],{"class":78},[60,77305,82],{"class":74},[60,77307,888],{"class":78},[60,77309,101],{"class":74},[20,77311,77312,77315],{},[15,77313,77314],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,77317,77318,77319,77322],{},"By contrast, ",[15,77320,77321],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[553,77324,77326],{"id":77325},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,77328,77329],{},"This is not allowed:",[51,77331,77333],{"className":53,"code":77332,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77334,77335,77355],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,77336,77337,77339,77341,77343,77345,77347,77349,77351,77353],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,77338,67],{"class":66},[60,77340,71],{"class":70},[60,77342,75],{"class":74},[60,77344,873],{"class":78},[60,77346,82],{"class":74},[60,77348,878],{"class":78},[60,77350,82],{"class":74},[60,77352,888],{"class":78},[60,77354,101],{"class":74},[60,77356,77357],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,77358,77359],{"class":146},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,77361,77362,77363,115],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,77364,40638],{},[46,77366,77368],{"id":77367},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,77370,77371],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[30,77373,77374,77381,77387,77390,77393],{},[33,77375,37138,77376,544,77378,77380],{},[15,77377,36008],{},[15,77379,75186],{}," positions",[33,77382,77383,77384,77386],{},"Assuming the ",[15,77385,75186],{}," index is included",[33,77388,77389],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[33,77391,77392],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[33,77394,77395],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,77397,77398],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[51,77400,77402],{"className":53,"code":77401,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77403,77404,77414,77428,77446,77460,77477],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,77405,77406,77408,77410,77412],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,77407,135],{"class":134},[60,77409,122],{"class":74},[60,77411,212],{"class":118},[60,77413,128],{"class":74},[60,77415,77416,77418,77420,77422,77424,77426],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,77417,135],{"class":134},[60,77419,122],{"class":74},[60,77421,11097],{"class":134},[60,77423,122],{"class":74},[60,77425,212],{"class":118},[60,77427,315],{"class":74},[60,77429,77430,77432,77434,77436,77438,77440,77442,77444],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,77431,135],{"class":134},[60,77433,122],{"class":74},[60,77435,212],{"class":118},[60,77437,3854],{"class":74},[60,77439,79],{"class":78},[60,77441,166],{"class":74},[60,77443,2465],{"class":78},[60,77445,1193],{"class":74},[60,77447,77448,77450,77452,77454,77456,77458],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,77449,135],{"class":134},[60,77451,122],{"class":74},[60,77453,212],{"class":118},[60,77455,75295],{"class":74},[60,77457,189],{"class":78},[60,77459,1193],{"class":74},[60,77461,77462,77464,77466,77468,77470,77472,77474],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,77463,135],{"class":134},[60,77465,122],{"class":74},[60,77467,212],{"class":118},[60,77469,3854],{"class":74},[60,77471,1991],{"class":70},[60,77473,189],{"class":78},[60,77475,77476],{"class":74},":])\n",[60,77478,77479,77481,77483,77485,77487,77489,77491],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,77480,135],{"class":134},[60,77482,122],{"class":74},[60,77484,212],{"class":118},[60,77486,73882],{"class":74},[60,77488,1991],{"class":70},[60,77490,79],{"class":78},[60,77492,1193],{"class":74},[20,77494,8356,77495,77497,77498,77502],{},[15,77496,1878],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[260,77499,77501],{"href":77500},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[46,77504,1773],{"id":1772},[553,77506,77508],{"id":77507},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,77510,77511],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[553,77513,77515],{"id":77514},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,77517,77518],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[553,77520,5090,77522,39894],{"id":77521},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,77523,75821],{},[20,77525,77526],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[553,77528,77530,77531,1435],{"id":77529},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,77532,70491],{},[20,77534,77535],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[46,77537,1842],{"id":1841},[30,77539,77540,77545,77550,77554,77558,77562],{},[33,77541,77542],{},[260,77543,77544],{"href":1342},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[33,77546,77547],{},[260,77548,77549],{"href":57075},"How to create a list in Python",[33,77551,77552],{},[260,77553,14899],{"href":57141},[33,77555,77556],{},[260,77557,74567],{"href":74566},[33,77559,77560],{},[260,77561,77501],{"href":77500},[33,77563,77564],{},[260,77565,69019],{"href":69018},[20,77567,77568,77569,77571],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,77570,1878],{},", copying, and reversing.",[1885,77573,77574],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":77576},[77577,77578,77579,77580,77581,77582,77585,77589,77597,77598,77606],{"id":1971,"depth":104,"text":1972},{"id":75350,"depth":104,"text":75351},{"id":75513,"depth":104,"text":75514},{"id":75775,"depth":104,"text":75776},{"id":76069,"depth":104,"text":76070},{"id":76315,"depth":104,"text":76316,"children":77583},[77584],{"id":76573,"depth":131,"text":76574},{"id":76627,"depth":104,"text":76628,"children":77586},[77587,77588],{"id":76634,"depth":131,"text":76635},{"id":76695,"depth":131,"text":76696},{"id":76902,"depth":104,"text":15111,"children":77590},[77591,77592,77593,77594,77596],{"id":76931,"depth":131,"text":76932},{"id":77020,"depth":131,"text":77021},{"id":77082,"depth":131,"text":77083},{"id":77198,"depth":131,"text":77595},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77325,"depth":131,"text":77326},{"id":77367,"depth":104,"text":77368},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":77599},[77600,77601,77602,77604],{"id":77507,"depth":131,"text":77508},{"id":77514,"depth":131,"text":77515},{"id":77521,"depth":131,"text":77603},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77529,"depth":131,"text":77605},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75173,"description":77607},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77614,"title":77615,"body":77616,"description":79685,"extension":1930,"meta":79686,"navigation":421,"path":79687,"seo":79688,"stem":79689,"__hash__":79690},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77617,"toc":79651},[77618,77623,77629,77635,77637,77684,77691,77696,77700,77715,77718,77771,77773,77798,77803,77805,77837,77840,77856,77858,77919,77921,77946,77950,77955,78008,78010,78035,78040,78101,78103,78128,78131,78138,78142,78145,78206,78208,78241,78244,78305,78307,78340,78346,78419,78421,78453,78460,78465,78470,78472,78484,78487,78565,78567,78608,78611,78685,78687,78720,78725,78732,78739,78743,78752,78756,78764,78766,78833,78835,78871,78876,78887,78889,78894,78899,78901,78964,78966,78991,78998,79003,79007,79010,79050,79055,79061,79066,79068,79095,79100,79103,79150,79152,79209,79216,79221,79227,79296,79300,79303,79366,79368,79401,79406,79408,79411,79492,79494,79518,79524,79526,79531,79535,79542,79550,79554,79556,79579,79583,79585,79612,79615,79622,79625,79627,79648],[10,77619,13,77621,18],{"id":77620},"python-list-sort-method",[15,77622,64071],{},[20,77624,77625,77628],{},[15,77626,77627],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,77630,77631,77632,77634],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,77633,64071],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[46,77636,1972],{"id":1971},[51,77638,77640],{"className":53,"code":77639,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,77641,77642,77662,77672],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,77643,77644,77646,77648,77650,77652,77654,77656,77658,77660],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,77645,67],{"class":66},[60,77647,71],{"class":70},[60,77649,75],{"class":74},[60,77651,189],{"class":78},[60,77653,82],{"class":74},[60,77655,695],{"class":78},[60,77657,82],{"class":74},[60,77659,85],{"class":78},[60,77661,101],{"class":74},[60,77663,77664,77666,77668,77670],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,77665,1506],{"class":66},[60,77667,115],{"class":74},[60,77669,34733],{"class":118},[60,77671,8579],{"class":74},[60,77673,77674,77676,77678,77680,77682],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,77675,135],{"class":134},[60,77677,122],{"class":74},[60,77679,1506],{"class":118},[60,77681,143],{"class":74},[60,77683,54855],{"class":146},[20,77685,150,77686,77688,77689,115],{},[15,77687,77627],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,77690,3734],{},[46,77692,158,77694,161],{"id":77693},"what-listsort-does",[15,77695,77627],{},[20,77697,77698,166],{},[15,77699,77627],{},[30,77701,77702,77705,77708,77712],{},[33,77703,77704],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[33,77706,77707],{},"Changes the original list",[33,77709,11359,77710],{},[15,77711,3734],{},[33,77713,77714],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,77716,77717],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[51,77719,77721],{"className":53,"code":77720,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77722,77723,77747,77757,77761],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,77724,77725,77727,77729,77731,77733,77735,77737,77739,77741,77743,77745],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,77726,67],{"class":66},[60,77728,71],{"class":70},[60,77730,75],{"class":74},[60,77732,1086],{"class":78},[60,77734,82],{"class":74},[60,77736,85],{"class":78},[60,77738,82],{"class":74},[60,77740,54060],{"class":78},[60,77742,82],{"class":74},[60,77744,695],{"class":78},[60,77746,101],{"class":74},[60,77748,77749,77751,77753,77755],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,77750,1506],{"class":66},[60,77752,115],{"class":74},[60,77754,34733],{"class":118},[60,77756,8579],{"class":74},[60,77758,77759],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,77760,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,77762,77763,77765,77767,77769],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,77764,135],{"class":134},[60,77766,122],{"class":74},[60,77768,1506],{"class":118},[60,77770,128],{"class":74},[20,77772,318],{},[51,77774,77776],{"className":53,"code":77775,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,77777,77778],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,77779,77780,77782,77784,77786,77788,77790,77792,77794,77796],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,77781,3854],{"class":74},[60,77783,79],{"class":78},[60,77785,82],{"class":74},[60,77787,85],{"class":78},[60,77789,82],{"class":74},[60,77791,4555],{"class":78},[60,77793,82],{"class":74},[60,77795,54060],{"class":78},[60,77797,101],{"class":74},[20,77799,77800,77801,115],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[260,77802,66837],{"href":1342},[46,77804,199],{"id":198},[51,77806,77808],{"className":53,"code":77807,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,77809,77810],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,77811,77812,77814,77816,77818,77820,77822,77824,77826,77828,77831,77833,77835],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,77813,212],{"class":66},[60,77815,115],{"class":74},[60,77817,34733],{"class":118},[60,77819,122],{"class":74},[60,77821,14776],{"class":9110},[60,77823,71],{"class":70},[60,77825,3734],{"class":685},[60,77827,82],{"class":74},[60,77829,77830],{"class":9110}," reverse",[60,77832,71],{"class":70},[60,77834,1463],{"class":685},[60,77836,128],{"class":74},[20,77838,77839],{},"Main arguments:",[30,77841,77842,77847,77853],{},[33,77843,77844,77846],{},[15,77845,14776],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[33,77848,77849,77852],{},[15,77850,77851],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[33,77854,77855],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,77857,238],{},[51,77859,77861],{"className":53,"code":77860,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77862,77863,77887,77905,77909],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,77864,77865,77867,77869,77871,77873,77875,77877,77879,77881,77883,77885],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,77866,67],{"class":66},[60,77868,71],{"class":70},[60,77870,75],{"class":74},[60,77872,2465],{"class":78},[60,77874,82],{"class":74},[60,77876,695],{"class":78},[60,77878,82],{"class":74},[60,77880,5938],{"class":78},[60,77882,82],{"class":74},[60,77884,85],{"class":78},[60,77886,101],{"class":74},[60,77888,77889,77891,77893,77895,77897,77899,77901,77903],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,77890,1506],{"class":66},[60,77892,115],{"class":74},[60,77894,34733],{"class":118},[60,77896,122],{"class":74},[60,77898,73337],{"class":9110},[60,77900,71],{"class":70},[60,77902,547],{"class":685},[60,77904,128],{"class":74},[60,77906,77907],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,77908,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,77910,77911,77913,77915,77917],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,77912,135],{"class":134},[60,77914,122],{"class":74},[60,77916,1506],{"class":118},[60,77918,128],{"class":74},[20,77920,318],{},[51,77922,77924],{"className":53,"code":77923,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,77925,77926],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,77927,77928,77930,77932,77934,77936,77938,77940,77942,77944],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,77929,3854],{"class":74},[60,77931,1994],{"class":78},[60,77933,82],{"class":74},[60,77935,800],{"class":78},[60,77937,82],{"class":74},[60,77939,85],{"class":78},[60,77941,82],{"class":74},[60,77943,695],{"class":78},[60,77945,101],{"class":74},[46,77947,77949],{"id":77948},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,77951,150,77952,77954],{},[15,77953,64071],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[51,77956,77958],{"className":53,"code":77957,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77959,77960,77984,77994,77998],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,77961,77962,77964,77966,77968,77970,77972,77974,77976,77978,77980,77982],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,77963,67],{"class":66},[60,77965,71],{"class":70},[60,77967,75],{"class":74},[60,77969,873],{"class":78},[60,77971,82],{"class":74},[60,77973,94],{"class":78},[60,77975,82],{"class":74},[60,77977,6301],{"class":78},[60,77979,82],{"class":74},[60,77981,695],{"class":78},[60,77983,101],{"class":74},[60,77985,77986,77988,77990,77992],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,77987,1506],{"class":66},[60,77989,115],{"class":74},[60,77991,34733],{"class":118},[60,77993,8579],{"class":74},[60,77995,77996],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,77997,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,77999,78000,78002,78004,78006],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,78001,135],{"class":134},[60,78003,122],{"class":74},[60,78005,1506],{"class":118},[60,78007,128],{"class":74},[20,78009,318],{},[51,78011,78013],{"className":53,"code":78012,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,78014,78015],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,78016,78017,78019,78021,78023,78025,78027,78029,78031,78033],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,78018,3854],{"class":74},[60,78020,79],{"class":78},[60,78022,82],{"class":74},[60,78024,94],{"class":78},[60,78026,82],{"class":74},[60,78028,6301],{"class":78},[60,78030,82],{"class":74},[60,78032,883],{"class":78},[60,78034,101],{"class":74},[20,78036,150,78037,78039],{},[15,78038,77851],{}," for descending order:",[51,78041,78043],{"className":53,"code":78042,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78044,78045,78069,78087,78091],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,78046,78047,78049,78051,78053,78055,78057,78059,78061,78063,78065,78067],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,78048,67],{"class":66},[60,78050,71],{"class":70},[60,78052,75],{"class":74},[60,78054,873],{"class":78},[60,78056,82],{"class":74},[60,78058,94],{"class":78},[60,78060,82],{"class":74},[60,78062,6301],{"class":78},[60,78064,82],{"class":74},[60,78066,695],{"class":78},[60,78068,101],{"class":74},[60,78070,78071,78073,78075,78077,78079,78081,78083,78085],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,78072,1506],{"class":66},[60,78074,115],{"class":74},[60,78076,34733],{"class":118},[60,78078,122],{"class":74},[60,78080,73337],{"class":9110},[60,78082,71],{"class":70},[60,78084,547],{"class":685},[60,78086,128],{"class":74},[60,78088,78089],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,78090,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,78092,78093,78095,78097,78099],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,78094,135],{"class":134},[60,78096,122],{"class":74},[60,78098,1506],{"class":118},[60,78100,128],{"class":74},[20,78102,318],{},[51,78104,78106],{"className":53,"code":78105,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,78107,78108],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,78109,78110,78112,78114,78116,78118,78120,78122,78124,78126],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,78111,3854],{"class":74},[60,78113,873],{"class":78},[60,78115,82],{"class":74},[60,78117,6301],{"class":78},[60,78119,82],{"class":74},[60,78121,94],{"class":78},[60,78123,82],{"class":74},[60,78125,695],{"class":78},[60,78127,101],{"class":74},[20,78129,78130],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,78132,78133,78134,115],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[260,78135,78137],{"href":78136},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[46,78139,78141],{"id":78140},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,78143,78144],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[51,78146,78148],{"className":53,"code":78147,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78149,78150,78182,78192,78196],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,78151,78152,78154,78156,78158,78160,78162,78164,78166,78168,78170,78172,78174,78176,78178,78180],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,78153,566],{"class":66},[60,78155,71],{"class":70},[60,78157,75],{"class":74},[60,78159,256],{"class":255},[60,78161,1392],{"class":259},[60,78163,256],{"class":255},[60,78165,82],{"class":74},[60,78167,267],{"class":255},[60,78169,575],{"class":259},[60,78171,256],{"class":255},[60,78173,82],{"class":74},[60,78175,267],{"class":255},[60,78177,4048],{"class":259},[60,78179,256],{"class":255},[60,78181,101],{"class":74},[60,78183,78184,78186,78188,78190],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,78185,605],{"class":66},[60,78187,115],{"class":74},[60,78189,34733],{"class":118},[60,78191,8579],{"class":74},[60,78193,78194],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,78195,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,78197,78198,78200,78202,78204],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,78199,135],{"class":134},[60,78201,122],{"class":74},[60,78203,605],{"class":118},[60,78205,128],{"class":74},[20,78207,318],{},[51,78209,78211],{"className":53,"code":78210,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78212,78213],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,78214,78215,78217,78219,78221,78223,78225,78227,78229,78231,78233,78235,78237,78239],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,78216,3854],{"class":74},[60,78218,3261],{"class":255},[60,78220,575],{"class":259},[60,78222,3261],{"class":255},[60,78224,82],{"class":74},[60,78226,3256],{"class":255},[60,78228,1392],{"class":259},[60,78230,3261],{"class":255},[60,78232,82],{"class":74},[60,78234,3256],{"class":255},[60,78236,4048],{"class":259},[60,78238,3261],{"class":255},[60,78240,101],{"class":74},[20,78242,78243],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[51,78245,78247],{"className":53,"code":78246,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78248,78249,78281,78291,78295],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,78250,78251,78253,78255,78257,78259,78261,78263,78265,78267,78269,78271,78273,78275,78277,78279],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,78252,566],{"class":66},[60,78254,71],{"class":70},[60,78256,75],{"class":74},[60,78258,256],{"class":255},[60,78260,1392],{"class":259},[60,78262,256],{"class":255},[60,78264,82],{"class":74},[60,78266,267],{"class":255},[60,78268,584],{"class":259},[60,78270,256],{"class":255},[60,78272,82],{"class":74},[60,78274,267],{"class":255},[60,78276,4048],{"class":259},[60,78278,256],{"class":255},[60,78280,101],{"class":74},[60,78282,78283,78285,78287,78289],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,78284,605],{"class":66},[60,78286,115],{"class":74},[60,78288,34733],{"class":118},[60,78290,8579],{"class":74},[60,78292,78293],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,78294,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,78296,78297,78299,78301,78303],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,78298,135],{"class":134},[60,78300,122],{"class":74},[60,78302,605],{"class":118},[60,78304,128],{"class":74},[20,78306,318],{},[51,78308,78310],{"className":53,"code":78309,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78311,78312],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,78313,78314,78316,78318,78320,78322,78324,78326,78328,78330,78332,78334,78336,78338],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,78315,3854],{"class":74},[60,78317,3261],{"class":255},[60,78319,584],{"class":259},[60,78321,3261],{"class":255},[60,78323,82],{"class":74},[60,78325,3256],{"class":255},[60,78327,1392],{"class":259},[60,78329,3261],{"class":255},[60,78331,82],{"class":74},[60,78333,3256],{"class":255},[60,78335,4048],{"class":259},[60,78337,3261],{"class":255},[60,78339,101],{"class":74},[20,78341,78342,78343,166],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,78344,78345],{},"key=str.lower",[51,78347,78349],{"className":53,"code":78348,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78350,78351,78383,78405,78409],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,78352,78353,78355,78357,78359,78361,78363,78365,78367,78369,78371,78373,78375,78377,78379,78381],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,78354,566],{"class":66},[60,78356,71],{"class":70},[60,78358,75],{"class":74},[60,78360,256],{"class":255},[60,78362,1392],{"class":259},[60,78364,256],{"class":255},[60,78366,82],{"class":74},[60,78368,267],{"class":255},[60,78370,584],{"class":259},[60,78372,256],{"class":255},[60,78374,82],{"class":74},[60,78376,267],{"class":255},[60,78378,4048],{"class":259},[60,78380,256],{"class":255},[60,78382,101],{"class":74},[60,78384,78385,78387,78389,78391,78393,78395,78397,78399,78401,78403],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,78386,605],{"class":66},[60,78388,115],{"class":74},[60,78390,34733],{"class":118},[60,78392,122],{"class":74},[60,78394,14776],{"class":9110},[60,78396,71],{"class":70},[60,78398,3405],{"class":1656},[60,78400,115],{"class":74},[60,78402,8576],{"class":24682},[60,78404,128],{"class":74},[60,78406,78407],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,78408,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,78410,78411,78413,78415,78417],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,78412,135],{"class":134},[60,78414,122],{"class":74},[60,78416,605],{"class":118},[60,78418,128],{"class":74},[20,78420,318],{},[51,78422,78423],{"className":53,"code":78309,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,78424,78425],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,78426,78427,78429,78431,78433,78435,78437,78439,78441,78443,78445,78447,78449,78451],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,78428,3854],{"class":74},[60,78430,3261],{"class":255},[60,78432,584],{"class":259},[60,78434,3261],{"class":255},[60,78436,82],{"class":74},[60,78438,3256],{"class":255},[60,78440,1392],{"class":259},[60,78442,3261],{"class":255},[60,78444,82],{"class":74},[60,78446,3256],{"class":255},[60,78448,4048],{"class":259},[60,78450,3261],{"class":255},[60,78452,101],{"class":74},[20,78454,78455,78456,78459],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,78457,78458],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[46,78461,36547,78463,36550],{"id":78462},"using-the-key-argument",[15,78464,14776],{},[20,78466,1947,78467,78469],{},[15,78468,14776],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,78471,7285],{},[30,78473,78474,78479],{},[33,78475,78476,78478],{},[15,78477,11097],{}," to sort by length",[33,78480,78481,78483],{},[15,78482,78458],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,78485,78486],{},"Sort words by length:",[51,78488,78490],{"className":53,"code":78489,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78491,78492,78533,78551,78555],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,78493,78494,78496,78498,78500,78502,78505,78507,78509,78511,78513,78515,78517,78519,78521,78523,78525,78527,78529,78531],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,78495,566],{"class":66},[60,78497,71],{"class":70},[60,78499,75],{"class":74},[60,78501,256],{"class":255},[60,78503,78504],{"class":259},"pear",[60,78506,256],{"class":255},[60,78508,82],{"class":74},[60,78510,267],{"class":255},[60,78512,1392],{"class":259},[60,78514,256],{"class":255},[60,78516,82],{"class":74},[60,78518,267],{"class":255},[60,78520,38291],{"class":259},[60,78522,256],{"class":255},[60,78524,82],{"class":74},[60,78526,267],{"class":255},[60,78528,575],{"class":259},[60,78530,256],{"class":255},[60,78532,101],{"class":74},[60,78534,78535,78537,78539,78541,78543,78545,78547,78549],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,78536,605],{"class":66},[60,78538,115],{"class":74},[60,78540,34733],{"class":118},[60,78542,122],{"class":74},[60,78544,14776],{"class":9110},[60,78546,71],{"class":70},[60,78548,11097],{"class":134},[60,78550,128],{"class":74},[60,78552,78553],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,78554,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,78556,78557,78559,78561,78563],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,78558,135],{"class":134},[60,78560,122],{"class":74},[60,78562,605],{"class":118},[60,78564,128],{"class":74},[20,78566,318],{},[51,78568,78570],{"className":53,"code":78569,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,78571,78572],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,78573,78574,78576,78578,78580,78582,78584,78586,78588,78590,78592,78594,78596,78598,78600,78602,78604,78606],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,78575,3854],{"class":74},[60,78577,3261],{"class":255},[60,78579,38291],{"class":259},[60,78581,3261],{"class":255},[60,78583,82],{"class":74},[60,78585,3256],{"class":255},[60,78587,78504],{"class":259},[60,78589,3261],{"class":255},[60,78591,82],{"class":74},[60,78593,3256],{"class":255},[60,78595,575],{"class":259},[60,78597,3261],{"class":255},[60,78599,82],{"class":74},[60,78601,3256],{"class":255},[60,78603,1392],{"class":259},[60,78605,3261],{"class":255},[60,78607,101],{"class":74},[20,78609,78610],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[51,78612,78614],{"className":53,"code":78613,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78615,78616,78649,78671,78675],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,78617,78618,78620,78622,78624,78626,78628,78630,78632,78634,78636,78638,78640,78642,78645,78647],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,78619,566],{"class":66},[60,78621,71],{"class":70},[60,78623,75],{"class":74},[60,78625,256],{"class":255},[60,78627,4961],{"class":259},[60,78629,256],{"class":255},[60,78631,82],{"class":74},[60,78633,267],{"class":255},[60,78635,17737],{"class":259},[60,78637,256],{"class":255},[60,78639,82],{"class":74},[60,78641,267],{"class":255},[60,78643,78644],{"class":259},"Carol",[60,78646,256],{"class":255},[60,78648,101],{"class":74},[60,78650,78651,78653,78655,78657,78659,78661,78663,78665,78667,78669],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,78652,605],{"class":66},[60,78654,115],{"class":74},[60,78656,34733],{"class":118},[60,78658,122],{"class":74},[60,78660,14776],{"class":9110},[60,78662,71],{"class":70},[60,78664,3405],{"class":1656},[60,78666,115],{"class":74},[60,78668,8576],{"class":24682},[60,78670,128],{"class":74},[60,78672,78673],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,78674,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,78676,78677,78679,78681,78683],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,78678,135],{"class":134},[60,78680,122],{"class":74},[60,78682,605],{"class":118},[60,78684,128],{"class":74},[20,78686,318],{},[51,78688,78690],{"className":53,"code":78689,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,78691,78692],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,78693,78694,78696,78698,78700,78702,78704,78706,78708,78710,78712,78714,78716,78718],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,78695,3854],{"class":74},[60,78697,3261],{"class":255},[60,78699,17737],{"class":259},[60,78701,3261],{"class":255},[60,78703,82],{"class":74},[60,78705,3256],{"class":255},[60,78707,4961],{"class":259},[60,78709,3261],{"class":255},[60,78711,82],{"class":74},[60,78713,3256],{"class":255},[60,78715,78644],{"class":259},[60,78717,3261],{"class":255},[60,78719,101],{"class":74},[20,78721,1947,78722,78724],{},[15,78723,14776],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[46,78726,78728,10521,78730],{"id":78727},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,78729,77627],{},[15,78731,74184],{},[20,78733,78734,544,78736,78738],{},[15,78735,77627],{},[15,78737,74184],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,78740,78741,166],{},[15,78742,77627],{},[30,78744,78745,78748],{},[33,78746,78747],{},"Changes the existing list",[33,78749,11359,78750],{},[15,78751,3734],{},[20,78753,78754,166],{},[15,78755,74184],{},[30,78757,78758,78761],{},[33,78759,78760],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[33,78762,78763],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,78765,238],{},[51,78767,78769],{"className":53,"code":78768,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,78770,78771,78791,78795,78809,78813,78823],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,78772,78773,78775,78777,78779,78781,78783,78785,78787,78789],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,78774,67],{"class":66},[60,78776,71],{"class":70},[60,78778,75],{"class":74},[60,78780,189],{"class":78},[60,78782,82],{"class":74},[60,78784,695],{"class":78},[60,78786,82],{"class":74},[60,78788,85],{"class":78},[60,78790,101],{"class":74},[60,78792,78793],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,78794,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,78796,78797,78799,78801,78803,78805,78807],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,78798,55812],{"class":66},[60,78800,71],{"class":70},[60,78802,74318],{"class":134},[60,78804,122],{"class":74},[60,78806,1506],{"class":118},[60,78808,128],{"class":74},[60,78810,78811],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,78812,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,78814,78815,78817,78819,78821],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,78816,135],{"class":134},[60,78818,122],{"class":74},[60,78820,1506],{"class":118},[60,78822,128],{"class":74},[60,78824,78825,78827,78829,78831],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,78826,135],{"class":134},[60,78828,122],{"class":74},[60,78830,74041],{"class":118},[60,78832,128],{"class":74},[20,78834,318],{},[51,78836,78837],{"className":53,"code":74353,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,78838,78839,78855],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,78840,78841,78843,78845,78847,78849,78851,78853],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,78842,3854],{"class":74},[60,78844,189],{"class":78},[60,78846,82],{"class":74},[60,78848,695],{"class":78},[60,78850,82],{"class":74},[60,78852,85],{"class":78},[60,78854,101],{"class":74},[60,78856,78857,78859,78861,78863,78865,78867,78869],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,78858,3854],{"class":74},[60,78860,79],{"class":78},[60,78862,82],{"class":74},[60,78864,85],{"class":78},[60,78866,82],{"class":74},[60,78868,94],{"class":78},[60,78870,101],{"class":74},[20,78872,150,78873,78875],{},[15,78874,74184],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,78877,78878,78879,544,78883,115],{},"You can learn more in ",[260,78880,1875,78881,5729],{"href":74281},[15,78882,74184],{},[260,78884,78886],{"href":78885},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[46,78888,1351],{"id":1350},[20,78890,78891,78892,115],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,78893,77627],{},[553,78895,12531,78897],{"id":78896},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,78898,64071],{},[20,78900,25623],{},[51,78902,78904],{"className":53,"code":78903,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78905,78906,78926,78940,78944,78954],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,78907,78908,78910,78912,78914,78916,78918,78920,78922,78924],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,78909,67],{"class":66},[60,78911,71],{"class":70},[60,78913,75],{"class":74},[60,78915,189],{"class":78},[60,78917,82],{"class":74},[60,78919,695],{"class":78},[60,78921,82],{"class":74},[60,78923,85],{"class":78},[60,78925,101],{"class":74},[60,78927,78928,78930,78932,78934,78936,78938],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,78929,107],{"class":66},[60,78931,71],{"class":70},[60,78933,112],{"class":66},[60,78935,115],{"class":74},[60,78937,34733],{"class":118},[60,78939,8579],{"class":74},[60,78941,78942],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,78943,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,78945,78946,78948,78950,78952],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,78947,135],{"class":134},[60,78949,122],{"class":74},[60,78951,140],{"class":118},[60,78953,128],{"class":74},[60,78955,78956,78958,78960,78962],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,78957,135],{"class":134},[60,78959,122],{"class":74},[60,78961,1506],{"class":118},[60,78963,128],{"class":74},[20,78965,318],{},[51,78967,78969],{"className":53,"code":78968,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,78970,78971,78975],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,78972,78973],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,78974,11745],{"class":685},[60,78976,78977,78979,78981,78983,78985,78987,78989],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,78978,3854],{"class":74},[60,78980,79],{"class":78},[60,78982,82],{"class":74},[60,78984,85],{"class":78},[60,78986,82],{"class":74},[60,78988,94],{"class":78},[60,78990,101],{"class":74},[20,78992,78993,78995,78996,115],{},[15,78994,64071],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,78997,3734],{},[20,78999,79000,79001,6573],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,79002,74184],{},[553,79004,79006],{"id":79005},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,79008,79009],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[51,79011,79013],{"className":53,"code":79012,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,79014,79015,79040],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,79016,79017,79019,79021,79023,79025,79027,79029,79032,79034,79036,79038],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,79018,777],{"class":66},[60,79020,71],{"class":70},[60,79022,75],{"class":74},[60,79024,79],{"class":78},[60,79026,82],{"class":74},[60,79028,267],{"class":255},[60,79030,79031],{"class":259},"two",[60,79033,256],{"class":255},[60,79035,82],{"class":74},[60,79037,94],{"class":78},[60,79039,101],{"class":74},[60,79041,79042,79044,79046,79048],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,79043,828],{"class":66},[60,79045,115],{"class":74},[60,79047,34733],{"class":118},[60,79049,8579],{"class":74},[20,79051,2961,79052,79054],{},[15,79053,2964],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[553,79056,4655,79058,79060],{"id":79057},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,79059,64071],{}," only works on lists",[20,79062,79063,79065],{},[15,79064,64071],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,79067,16579],{},[51,79069,79071],{"className":53,"code":79070,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,79072,79073,79085],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,79074,79075,79077,79079,79081,79083],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,79076,34621],{"class":66},[60,79078,71],{"class":70},[60,79080,267],{"class":255},[60,79082,55],{"class":259},[60,79084,3320],{"class":255},[60,79086,79087,79089,79091,79093],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,79088,34642],{"class":66},[60,79090,115],{"class":74},[60,79092,34733],{"class":118},[60,79094,8579],{"class":74},[20,79096,79097,79098,33533],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,79099,64071],{},[20,79101,79102],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[51,79104,79106],{"className":53,"code":79105,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,79107,79108,79126,79136,79140],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,79109,79110,79112,79114,79116,79118,79120,79122,79124],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,79111,248],{"class":66},[60,79113,71],{"class":70},[60,79115,22492],{"class":1656},[60,79117,122],{"class":74},[60,79119,256],{"class":255},[60,79121,55],{"class":259},[60,79123,256],{"class":255},[60,79125,128],{"class":74},[60,79127,79128,79130,79132,79134],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,79129,300],{"class":66},[60,79131,115],{"class":74},[60,79133,34733],{"class":118},[60,79135,8579],{"class":74},[60,79137,79138],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,79139,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,79141,79142,79144,79146,79148],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,79143,135],{"class":134},[60,79145,122],{"class":74},[60,79147,300],{"class":118},[60,79149,128],{"class":74},[20,79151,318],{},[51,79153,79155],{"className":53,"code":79154,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,79156,79157],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,79158,79159,79161,79163,79165,79167,79169,79171,79173,79175,79177,79179,79181,79183,79185,79187,79189,79191,79193,79195,79197,79199,79201,79203,79205,79207],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,79160,3854],{"class":74},[60,79162,3261],{"class":255},[60,79164,60197],{"class":259},[60,79166,3261],{"class":255},[60,79168,82],{"class":74},[60,79170,3256],{"class":255},[60,79172,75790],{"class":259},[60,79174,3261],{"class":255},[60,79176,82],{"class":74},[60,79178,3256],{"class":255},[60,79180,60232],{"class":259},[60,79182,3261],{"class":255},[60,79184,82],{"class":74},[60,79186,3256],{"class":255},[60,79188,20],{"class":259},[60,79190,3261],{"class":255},[60,79192,82],{"class":74},[60,79194,3256],{"class":255},[60,79196,63046],{"class":259},[60,79198,3261],{"class":255},[60,79200,82],{"class":74},[60,79202,3256],{"class":255},[60,79204,11682],{"class":259},[60,79206,3261],{"class":255},[60,79208,101],{"class":74},[553,79210,79212,79213,79215],{"id":79211},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,79214,14776],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,79217,79218,79219,115],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,79220,14776],{},[20,79222,79223,79224,79226],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,79225,64071],{}," will not do that:",[51,79228,79230],{"className":53,"code":79229,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79231,79232,79264,79282,79286],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,79233,79234,79236,79238,79240,79242,79244,79246,79248,79250,79252,79254,79256,79258,79260,79262],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,79235,566],{"class":66},[60,79237,71],{"class":70},[60,79239,75],{"class":74},[60,79241,256],{"class":255},[60,79243,1392],{"class":259},[60,79245,256],{"class":255},[60,79247,82],{"class":74},[60,79249,267],{"class":255},[60,79251,38291],{"class":259},[60,79253,256],{"class":255},[60,79255,82],{"class":74},[60,79257,267],{"class":255},[60,79259,575],{"class":259},[60,79261,256],{"class":255},[60,79263,101],{"class":74},[60,79265,79266,79268,79270,79272,79274,79276,79278,79280],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,79267,605],{"class":66},[60,79269,115],{"class":74},[60,79271,34733],{"class":118},[60,79273,122],{"class":74},[60,79275,14776],{"class":9110},[60,79277,71],{"class":70},[60,79279,11097],{"class":134},[60,79281,128],{"class":74},[60,79283,79284],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,79285,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,79287,79288,79290,79292,79294],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,79289,135],{"class":134},[60,79291,122],{"class":74},[60,79293,605],{"class":118},[60,79295,128],{"class":74},[553,79297,79299],{"id":79298},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,79301,79302],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[51,79304,79306],{"className":53,"code":79305,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79307,79308,79342,79352,79356],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,79309,79310,79312,79314,79316,79318,79321,79323,79325,79327,79329,79331,79333,79335,79338,79340],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,79311,566],{"class":66},[60,79313,71],{"class":70},[60,79315,75],{"class":74},[60,79317,256],{"class":255},[60,79319,79320],{"class":259},"zebra",[60,79322,256],{"class":255},[60,79324,82],{"class":74},[60,79326,267],{"class":255},[60,79328,584],{"class":259},[60,79330,256],{"class":255},[60,79332,82],{"class":74},[60,79334,267],{"class":255},[60,79336,79337],{"class":259},"monkey",[60,79339,256],{"class":255},[60,79341,101],{"class":74},[60,79343,79344,79346,79348,79350],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,79345,605],{"class":66},[60,79347,115],{"class":74},[60,79349,34733],{"class":118},[60,79351,8579],{"class":74},[60,79353,79354],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,79355,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,79357,79358,79360,79362,79364],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,79359,135],{"class":134},[60,79361,122],{"class":74},[60,79363,605],{"class":118},[60,79365,128],{"class":74},[20,79367,318],{},[51,79369,79371],{"className":53,"code":79370,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,79372,79373],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,79374,79375,79377,79379,79381,79383,79385,79387,79389,79391,79393,79395,79397,79399],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,79376,3854],{"class":74},[60,79378,3261],{"class":255},[60,79380,584],{"class":259},[60,79382,3261],{"class":255},[60,79384,82],{"class":74},[60,79386,3256],{"class":255},[60,79388,79337],{"class":259},[60,79390,3261],{"class":255},[60,79392,82],{"class":74},[60,79394,3256],{"class":255},[60,79396,79320],{"class":259},[60,79398,3261],{"class":255},[60,79400,101],{"class":74},[20,79402,150,79403,79405],{},[15,79404,78345],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[553,79407,60469],{"id":60468},[20,79409,79410],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[51,79412,79414],{"className":53,"code":79413,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79415,79416,79426,79440,79454,79468],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,79417,79418,79420,79422,79424],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,79419,135],{"class":134},[60,79421,122],{"class":74},[60,79423,212],{"class":118},[60,79425,128],{"class":74},[60,79427,79428,79430,79432,79434,79436,79438],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,79429,135],{"class":134},[60,79431,122],{"class":74},[60,79433,1657],{"class":1656},[60,79435,122],{"class":74},[60,79437,212],{"class":118},[60,79439,315],{"class":74},[60,79441,79442,79444,79446,79448,79450,79452],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,79443,135],{"class":134},[60,79445,122],{"class":74},[60,79447,212],{"class":118},[60,79449,115],{"class":74},[60,79451,34733],{"class":118},[60,79453,7136],{"class":74},[60,79455,79456,79458,79460,79462,79464,79466],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,79457,135],{"class":134},[60,79459,122],{"class":74},[60,79461,74274],{"class":134},[60,79463,122],{"class":74},[60,79465,212],{"class":118},[60,79467,315],{"class":74},[60,79469,79470,79472,79474,79476,79478,79480,79482,79484,79486,79488,79490],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,79471,135],{"class":134},[60,79473,835],{"class":74},[60,79475,1657],{"class":1656},[60,79477,122],{"class":74},[60,79479,1728],{"class":118},[60,79481,143],{"class":74},[60,79483,3832],{"class":1537},[60,79485,1705],{"class":118},[60,79487,511],{"class":1537},[60,79489,1695],{"class":118},[60,79491,1193],{"class":74},[20,79493,11106],{},[30,79495,79496,79499,79502,79509,79515],{},[33,79497,79498],{},"What values are in the list",[33,79500,79501],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[33,79503,79504,79505,2361,79507],{},"That ",[15,79506,64071],{},[15,79508,3734],{},[33,79510,79511,79512,79514],{},"Whether ",[15,79513,74184],{}," works better for your case",[33,79516,79517],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,79519,79520,79521,79523],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,79522,2964],{}," problems.",[46,79525,1773],{"id":1772},[553,79527,1777,79529,55392],{"id":79528},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,79530,77627],{},[20,79532,62362,79533,115],{},[15,79534,3734],{},[553,79536,5126,79538,544,79540,1435],{"id":79537},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,79539,64071],{},[15,79541,74184],{},[20,79543,79544,79546,79547,79549],{},[15,79545,64071],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,79548,74184],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[553,79551,79553],{"id":79552},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,79555,18628],{},[51,79557,79559],{"className":53,"code":79558,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,79560,79561],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,79562,79563,79565,79567,79569,79571,79573,79575,79577],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,79564,212],{"class":66},[60,79566,115],{"class":74},[60,79568,34733],{"class":118},[60,79570,122],{"class":74},[60,79572,73337],{"class":9110},[60,79574,71],{"class":70},[60,79576,547],{"class":685},[60,79578,128],{"class":74},[553,79580,79582],{"id":79581},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,79584,18628],{},[51,79586,79588],{"className":53,"code":79587,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,79589,79590],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,79591,79592,79594,79596,79598,79600,79602,79604,79606,79608,79610],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,79593,212],{"class":66},[60,79595,115],{"class":74},[60,79597,34733],{"class":118},[60,79599,122],{"class":74},[60,79601,14776],{"class":9110},[60,79603,71],{"class":70},[60,79605,3405],{"class":1656},[60,79607,115],{"class":74},[60,79609,8576],{"class":24682},[60,79611,128],{"class":74},[20,79613,79614],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[553,79616,79618,79619,79621],{"id":79617},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,79620,2964],{}," when sorting?",[20,79623,79624],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[46,79626,1842],{"id":1841},[30,79628,79629,79634,79640,79644],{},[33,79630,79631],{},[260,79632,79633],{"href":78136},"How to sort a list in Python",[33,79635,79636],{},[260,79637,1875,79638,5729],{"href":74281},[15,79639,74184],{},[33,79641,79642],{},[260,79643,66837],{"href":1342},[33,79645,79646],{},[260,79647,78886],{"href":78885},[1885,79649,79650],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":79652},[79653,79654,79656,79657,79658,79659,79661,79663,79674,79684],{"id":1971,"depth":104,"text":1972},{"id":77693,"depth":104,"text":79655},"What list.sort() does",{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199},{"id":77948,"depth":104,"text":77949},{"id":78140,"depth":104,"text":78141},{"id":78462,"depth":104,"text":79660},"Using the key argument",{"id":78727,"depth":104,"text":79662},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351,"children":79664},[79665,79667,79668,79670,79672,79673],{"id":78896,"depth":131,"text":79666},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79005,"depth":131,"text":79006},{"id":79057,"depth":131,"text":79669},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79211,"depth":131,"text":79671},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79298,"depth":131,"text":79299},{"id":60468,"depth":131,"text":60469},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":79675},[79676,79678,79680,79681,79682],{"id":79528,"depth":131,"text":79677},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79537,"depth":131,"text":79679},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79552,"depth":131,"text":79553},{"id":79581,"depth":131,"text":79582},{"id":79617,"depth":131,"text":79683},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77615,"description":79685},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":79692,"title":79693,"body":79694,"description":82325,"extension":1930,"meta":82326,"navigation":421,"path":82327,"seo":82328,"stem":82329,"__hash__":82330},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":79695,"toc":82284},[79696,79701,79706,79709,79720,79723,79743,79745,79807,79809,79850,79859,79864,79869,79875,79886,79888,79907,79910,79915,79920,79922,79927,79941,79943,79961,79964,79981,79984,79990,80013,80018,80020,80023,80084,80086,80119,80121,80160,80168,80178,80184,80189,80282,80284,80308,80310,80328,80331,80362,80368,80373,80376,80378,80503,80505,80529,80531,80550,80556,80562,80681,80683,80700,80707,80713,80718,80725,80731,80733,80790,80793,80814,80817,80820,80881,80883,80916,80920,80990,80992,81009,81013,81016,81091,81093,81130,81133,81136,81207,81209,81270,81275,81280,81283,81297,81299,81372,81374,81394,81397,81400,81457,81519,81522,81554,81557,81572,81577,81579,81585,81588,81644,81647,81649,81668,81672,81674,81718,81727,81729,81789,81793,81796,81798,81891,81893,82008,82012,82014,82088,82091,82094,82096,82101,82166,82168,82192,82202,82204,82210,82219,82228,82237,82243,82246,82250,82253,82255,82281],[10,79697,1875,79699,3541],{"id":79698},"python-map-function-explained",[15,79700,39650],{},[20,79702,3544,79703,79705],{},[15,79704,39650],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79707,79708],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[30,79710,79711,79714,79717],{},[33,79712,79713],{},"converting numbers to strings",[33,79715,79716],{},"changing strings to integers",[33,79718,79719],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,79721,79722],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[30,79724,79725,79732,79738],{},[33,79726,79727,13989,79729,79731],{},[15,79728,39650],{},[3698,79730,4581],{}," return a list in Python 3",[33,79733,79734,79735],{},"it returns a ",[3698,79736,79737],{},"map object",[33,79739,79740,79741],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,79742,24713],{},[46,79744,1972],{"id":1971},[51,79746,79748],{"className":53,"code":79747,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79749,79750,79774,79793],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,79751,79752,79754,79756,79758,79760,79762,79764,79766,79768,79770,79772],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,79753,67],{"class":66},[60,79755,71],{"class":70},[60,79757,75],{"class":74},[60,79759,79],{"class":78},[60,79761,82],{"class":74},[60,79763,85],{"class":78},[60,79765,82],{"class":74},[60,79767,94],{"class":78},[60,79769,82],{"class":74},[60,79771,800],{"class":78},[60,79773,101],{"class":74},[60,79775,79776,79778,79780,79783,79785,79787,79789,79791],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,79777,107],{"class":66},[60,79779,71],{"class":70},[60,79781,79782],{"class":134}," map",[60,79784,122],{"class":74},[60,79786,3405],{"class":1656},[60,79788,82],{"class":74},[60,79790,112],{"class":118},[60,79792,128],{"class":74},[60,79794,79795,79797,79799,79801,79803,79805],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,79796,135],{"class":134},[60,79798,122],{"class":74},[60,79800,8033],{"class":1656},[60,79802,122],{"class":74},[60,79804,140],{"class":118},[60,79806,315],{"class":74},[20,79808,318],{},[51,79810,79812],{"className":53,"code":79811,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,79813,79814],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,79815,79816,79818,79820,79822,79824,79826,79828,79830,79832,79834,79836,79838,79840,79842,79844,79846,79848],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,79817,3854],{"class":74},[60,79819,3261],{"class":255},[60,79821,79],{"class":259},[60,79823,3261],{"class":255},[60,79825,82],{"class":74},[60,79827,3256],{"class":255},[60,79829,125],{"class":259},[60,79831,3261],{"class":255},[60,79833,82],{"class":74},[60,79835,3256],{"class":255},[60,79837,189],{"class":259},[60,79839,3261],{"class":255},[60,79841,82],{"class":74},[60,79843,3256],{"class":255},[60,79845,2465],{"class":259},[60,79847,3261],{"class":255},[60,79849,101],{"class":74},[20,79851,150,79852,79855,79856,79858],{},[15,79853,79854],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,79857,24713],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[46,79860,158,79862,161],{"id":79861},"what-map-does",[15,79863,39650],{},[20,79865,79866,79868],{},[15,79867,39650],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79870,79871,79872,79874],{},"An ",[3698,79873,3675],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[30,79876,79877,79879,79881,79883],{},[33,79878,37836],{},[33,79880,37839],{},[33,79882,37842],{},[33,79884,79885],{},"a range object",[20,79887,30657],{},[51,79889,79891],{"className":53,"code":79890,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,79892,79893],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,79894,79895,79897,79899,79901,79903,79905],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,79896,39793],{"class":134},[60,79898,122],{"class":74},[60,79900,37795],{"class":118},[60,79902,82],{"class":74},[60,79904,37800],{"class":118},[60,79906,128],{"class":74},[20,79908,79909],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,79911,79912,79913,33674],{},"Important: the result is a ",[3698,79914,79737],{},[20,79916,79917,79918,115],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[260,79919,5084],{"href":5083},[46,79921,199],{"id":198},[20,79923,79924,79926],{},[15,79925,39650],{}," needs at least two parts:",[30,79928,79929,79935],{},[33,79930,79931,79934],{},[3698,79932,79933],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[33,79936,79937,79940],{},[3698,79938,79939],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,79942,3660],{},[51,79944,79945],{"className":53,"code":79890,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,79946,79947],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,79948,79949,79951,79953,79955,79957,79959],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,79950,39793],{"class":134},[60,79952,122],{"class":74},[60,79954,37795],{"class":118},[60,79956,82],{"class":74},[60,79958,37800],{"class":118},[60,79960,128],{"class":74},[20,79962,79963],{},"You can pass:",[30,79965,79966,79975,79978],{},[33,79967,79968,79969,2154,79971,2158,79973],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,79970,3405],{},[15,79972,345],{},[15,79974,1986],{},[33,79976,79977],{},"your own custom function",[33,79979,79980],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,79982,79983],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,79985,79986,79987,79989],{},"You will often see ",[15,79988,39650],{}," used like this:",[51,79991,79993],{"className":53,"code":79992,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,79994,79995],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,79996,79997,79999,80001,80003,80005,80007,80009,80011],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,79998,8033],{"class":1656},[60,80000,122],{"class":74},[60,80002,39793],{"class":134},[60,80004,122],{"class":74},[60,80006,37795],{"class":118},[60,80008,82],{"class":74},[60,80010,3840],{"class":118},[60,80012,315],{"class":74},[20,80014,6619,80015,80017],{},[15,80016,24713],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[46,80019,11411],{"id":11410},[20,80021,80022],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[51,80024,80026],{"className":53,"code":80025,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80027,80028,80048,80066,80070],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,80029,80030,80032,80034,80036,80038,80040,80042,80044,80046],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,80031,67],{"class":66},[60,80033,71],{"class":70},[60,80035,75],{"class":74},[60,80037,873],{"class":78},[60,80039,82],{"class":74},[60,80041,878],{"class":78},[60,80043,82],{"class":74},[60,80045,888],{"class":78},[60,80047,101],{"class":74},[60,80049,80050,80052,80054,80056,80058,80060,80062,80064],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,80051,107],{"class":66},[60,80053,71],{"class":70},[60,80055,79782],{"class":134},[60,80057,122],{"class":74},[60,80059,3405],{"class":1656},[60,80061,82],{"class":74},[60,80063,112],{"class":118},[60,80065,128],{"class":74},[60,80067,80068],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,80069,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,80071,80072,80074,80076,80078,80080,80082],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,80073,135],{"class":134},[60,80075,122],{"class":74},[60,80077,8033],{"class":1656},[60,80079,122],{"class":74},[60,80081,140],{"class":118},[60,80083,315],{"class":74},[20,80085,318],{},[51,80087,80089],{"className":53,"code":80088,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,80090,80091],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,80092,80093,80095,80097,80099,80101,80103,80105,80107,80109,80111,80113,80115,80117],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,80094,3854],{"class":74},[60,80096,3261],{"class":255},[60,80098,873],{"class":259},[60,80100,3261],{"class":255},[60,80102,82],{"class":74},[60,80104,3256],{"class":255},[60,80106,15689],{"class":259},[60,80108,3261],{"class":255},[60,80110,82],{"class":74},[60,80112,3256],{"class":255},[60,80114,36776],{"class":259},[60,80116,3261],{"class":255},[60,80118,101],{"class":74},[20,80120,11620],{},[30,80122,80123,80128,80136,80144,80152],{},[33,80124,80125,80127],{},[15,80126,1506],{}," contains integers",[33,80129,80130,80133,80134],{},[15,80131,80132],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,80135,47614],{},[33,80137,80138,42087,80141],{},[15,80139,80140],{},"str(10)",[15,80142,80143],{},"'10'",[33,80145,80146,42087,80149],{},[15,80147,80148],{},"str(20)",[15,80150,80151],{},"'20'",[33,80153,80154,42087,80157],{},[15,80155,80156],{},"str(30)",[15,80158,80159],{},"'30'",[20,80161,760,80162,80164,80165,80167],{},[15,80163,39650],{}," applies ",[15,80166,47614],{}," one item at a time.",[20,80169,80170,80171,80173,80174,115],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,80172,24713],{}," better, see ",[260,80175,1875,80176,3471],{"href":64607},[15,80177,24713],{},[46,80179,8356,80181,80183],{"id":80180},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,80182,39650],{}," with your own function",[20,80185,15649,80186,80188],{},[15,80187,39650],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[51,80190,80192],{"className":53,"code":80191,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80193,80194,80207,80217,80221,80245,80264,80268],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,80195,80196,80198,80201,80203,80205],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,80197,34785],{"class":2033},[60,80199,80200],{"class":34788}," double",[60,80202,122],{"class":74},[60,80204,2139],{"class":37597},[60,80206,8281],{"class":74},[60,80208,80209,80211,80213,80215],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,80210,34796],{"class":1537},[60,80212,3835],{"class":66},[60,80214,39806],{"class":70},[60,80216,45521],{"class":78},[60,80218,80219],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,80220,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,80222,80223,80225,80227,80229,80231,80233,80235,80237,80239,80241,80243],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,80224,67],{"class":66},[60,80226,71],{"class":70},[60,80228,75],{"class":74},[60,80230,79],{"class":78},[60,80232,82],{"class":74},[60,80234,85],{"class":78},[60,80236,82],{"class":74},[60,80238,94],{"class":78},[60,80240,82],{"class":74},[60,80242,800],{"class":78},[60,80244,101],{"class":74},[60,80246,80247,80249,80251,80253,80255,80258,80260,80262],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,80248,107],{"class":66},[60,80250,71],{"class":70},[60,80252,79782],{"class":134},[60,80254,122],{"class":74},[60,80256,80257],{"class":118},"double",[60,80259,82],{"class":74},[60,80261,112],{"class":118},[60,80263,128],{"class":74},[60,80265,80266],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,80267,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,80269,80270,80272,80274,80276,80278,80280],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,80271,135],{"class":134},[60,80273,122],{"class":74},[60,80275,8033],{"class":1656},[60,80277,122],{"class":74},[60,80279,140],{"class":118},[60,80281,315],{"class":74},[20,80283,318],{},[51,80285,80286],{"className":53,"code":39819,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,80287,80288],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,80289,80290,80292,80294,80296,80298,80300,80302,80304,80306],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,80291,3854],{"class":74},[60,80293,125],{"class":78},[60,80295,82],{"class":74},[60,80297,800],{"class":78},[60,80299,82],{"class":74},[60,80301,37578],{"class":78},[60,80303,82],{"class":74},[60,80305,6301],{"class":78},[60,80307,101],{"class":74},[20,80309,65344],{},[30,80311,80312,80319,80325],{},[33,80313,80314,80316,80317],{},[15,80315,39650],{}," takes the function ",[15,80318,80257],{},[33,80320,80321,80322,80324],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,80323,1506],{}," into that function",[33,80326,80327],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,80329,80330],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[30,80332,80333,80340,80347,80355],{},[33,80334,80335,6016,80338],{},[15,80336,80337],{},"double(1)",[15,80339,125],{},[33,80341,80342,6016,80345],{},[15,80343,80344],{},"double(2)",[15,80346,2465],{},[33,80348,80349,6016,80352],{},[15,80350,80351],{},"double(3)",[15,80353,80354],{},"6",[33,80356,80357,6016,80360],{},[15,80358,80359],{},"double(4)",[15,80361,2309],{},[46,80363,8356,80365,80367],{"id":80364},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,80366,39650],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,80369,80370,80372],{},[15,80371,39650],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,80374,80375],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,80377,238],{},[51,80379,80381],{"className":53,"code":80380,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80382,80383,80400,80410,80414,80435,80456,80460,80485,80489],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,80384,80385,80387,80390,80392,80394,80396,80398],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,80386,34785],{"class":2033},[60,80388,80389],{"class":34788}," add_numbers",[60,80391,122],{"class":74},[60,80393,260],{"class":37597},[60,80395,82],{"class":74},[60,80397,2520],{"class":37597},[60,80399,8281],{"class":74},[60,80401,80402,80404,80406,80408],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,80403,34796],{"class":1537},[60,80405,44476],{"class":66},[60,80407,2028],{"class":70},[60,80409,36116],{"class":66},[60,80411,80412],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,80413,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,80415,80416,80419,80421,80423,80425,80427,80429,80431,80433],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,80417,80418],{"class":66},"list1 ",[60,80420,71],{"class":70},[60,80422,75],{"class":74},[60,80424,79],{"class":78},[60,80426,82],{"class":74},[60,80428,85],{"class":78},[60,80430,82],{"class":74},[60,80432,94],{"class":78},[60,80434,101],{"class":74},[60,80436,80437,80440,80442,80444,80446,80448,80450,80452,80454],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,80438,80439],{"class":66},"list2 ",[60,80441,71],{"class":70},[60,80443,75],{"class":74},[60,80445,873],{"class":78},[60,80447,82],{"class":74},[60,80449,878],{"class":78},[60,80451,82],{"class":74},[60,80453,888],{"class":78},[60,80455,101],{"class":74},[60,80457,80458],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,80459,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,80461,80462,80464,80466,80468,80470,80473,80475,80478,80480,80483],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,80463,107],{"class":66},[60,80465,71],{"class":70},[60,80467,79782],{"class":134},[60,80469,122],{"class":74},[60,80471,80472],{"class":118},"add_numbers",[60,80474,82],{"class":74},[60,80476,80477],{"class":118}," list1",[60,80479,82],{"class":74},[60,80481,80482],{"class":118}," list2",[60,80484,128],{"class":74},[60,80486,80487],{"class":62,"line":6367},[60,80488,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,80490,80491,80493,80495,80497,80499,80501],{"class":62,"line":6373},[60,80492,135],{"class":134},[60,80494,122],{"class":74},[60,80496,8033],{"class":1656},[60,80498,122],{"class":74},[60,80500,140],{"class":118},[60,80502,315],{"class":74},[20,80504,318],{},[51,80506,80508],{"className":53,"code":80507,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80509,80510],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,80511,80512,80514,80517,80519,80522,80524,80527],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,80513,3854],{"class":74},[60,80515,80516],{"class":78},"11",[60,80518,82],{"class":74},[60,80520,80521],{"class":78}," 22",[60,80523,82],{"class":74},[60,80525,80526],{"class":78}," 33",[60,80528,101],{"class":74},[20,80530,2144],{},[30,80532,80533,80539,80545],{},[33,80534,80535,80536],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,80537,80538],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[33,80540,80541,80542],{},"then ",[15,80543,80544],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[33,80546,80541,80547],{},[15,80548,80549],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[553,80551,80553,80555],{"id":80552},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,80554,39650],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,80557,80558,80559,80561],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,80560,39650],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[51,80563,80565],{"className":53,"code":80564,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80566,80567,80583,80593,80597,80621,80637,80641,80663,80667],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,80568,80569,80571,80573,80575,80577,80579,80581],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,80570,34785],{"class":2033},[60,80572,80389],{"class":34788},[60,80574,122],{"class":74},[60,80576,260],{"class":37597},[60,80578,82],{"class":74},[60,80580,2520],{"class":37597},[60,80582,8281],{"class":74},[60,80584,80585,80587,80589,80591],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,80586,34796],{"class":1537},[60,80588,44476],{"class":66},[60,80590,2028],{"class":70},[60,80592,36116],{"class":66},[60,80594,80595],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,80596,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,80598,80599,80601,80603,80605,80607,80609,80611,80613,80615,80617,80619],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,80600,80418],{"class":66},[60,80602,71],{"class":70},[60,80604,75],{"class":74},[60,80606,79],{"class":78},[60,80608,82],{"class":74},[60,80610,85],{"class":78},[60,80612,82],{"class":74},[60,80614,94],{"class":78},[60,80616,82],{"class":74},[60,80618,800],{"class":78},[60,80620,101],{"class":74},[60,80622,80623,80625,80627,80629,80631,80633,80635],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,80624,80439],{"class":66},[60,80626,71],{"class":70},[60,80628,75],{"class":74},[60,80630,873],{"class":78},[60,80632,82],{"class":74},[60,80634,878],{"class":78},[60,80636,101],{"class":74},[60,80638,80639],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,80640,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,80642,80643,80645,80647,80649,80651,80653,80655,80657,80659,80661],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,80644,107],{"class":66},[60,80646,71],{"class":70},[60,80648,79782],{"class":134},[60,80650,122],{"class":74},[60,80652,80472],{"class":118},[60,80654,82],{"class":74},[60,80656,80477],{"class":118},[60,80658,82],{"class":74},[60,80660,80482],{"class":118},[60,80662,128],{"class":74},[60,80664,80665],{"class":62,"line":6367},[60,80666,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,80668,80669,80671,80673,80675,80677,80679],{"class":62,"line":6373},[60,80670,135],{"class":134},[60,80672,122],{"class":74},[60,80674,8033],{"class":1656},[60,80676,122],{"class":74},[60,80678,140],{"class":118},[60,80680,315],{"class":74},[20,80682,318],{},[51,80684,80686],{"className":53,"code":80685,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[11, 22]\n",[15,80687,80688],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,80689,80690,80692,80694,80696,80698],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,80691,3854],{"class":74},[60,80693,80516],{"class":78},[60,80695,82],{"class":74},[60,80697,80521],{"class":78},[60,80699,101],{"class":74},[20,80701,80702,80703,80706],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,80704,80705],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[46,80708,80710,80712],{"id":80709},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,80711,39650],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,80714,37956,80715,80717],{},[15,80716,39650],{}," returns a map object.",[20,80719,80720,80721,80724],{},"This object is ",[3698,80722,80723],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[553,80726,1432,80728,80730],{"id":80727},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,80729,32960],{}," looks strange",[20,80732,33575],{},[51,80734,80736],{"className":53,"code":80735,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,80737,80738,80758,80776,80780],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,80739,80740,80742,80744,80746,80748,80750,80752,80754,80756],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,80741,67],{"class":66},[60,80743,71],{"class":70},[60,80745,75],{"class":74},[60,80747,79],{"class":78},[60,80749,82],{"class":74},[60,80751,85],{"class":78},[60,80753,82],{"class":74},[60,80755,94],{"class":78},[60,80757,101],{"class":74},[60,80759,80760,80762,80764,80766,80768,80770,80772,80774],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,80761,107],{"class":66},[60,80763,71],{"class":70},[60,80765,79782],{"class":134},[60,80767,122],{"class":74},[60,80769,3405],{"class":1656},[60,80771,82],{"class":74},[60,80773,112],{"class":118},[60,80775,128],{"class":74},[60,80777,80778],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,80779,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,80781,80782,80784,80786,80788],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,80783,135],{"class":134},[60,80785,122],{"class":74},[60,80787,140],{"class":118},[60,80789,128],{"class":74},[20,80791,80792],{},"Output will look something like this:",[51,80794,80796],{"className":53,"code":80795,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,80797,80798],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,80799,80800,80802,80804,80806,80808,80810,80812],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,80801,3250],{"class":70},[60,80803,39793],{"class":134},[60,80805,24549],{"class":1656},[60,80807,37298],{"class":66},[60,80809,37302],{"class":37301},[60,80811,37305],{"class":34386},[60,80813,3264],{"class":70},[20,80815,80816],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,80818,80819],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[51,80821,80823],{"className":53,"code":80822,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80824,80825,80845,80863,80867],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,80826,80827,80829,80831,80833,80835,80837,80839,80841,80843],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,80828,67],{"class":66},[60,80830,71],{"class":70},[60,80832,75],{"class":74},[60,80834,79],{"class":78},[60,80836,82],{"class":74},[60,80838,85],{"class":78},[60,80840,82],{"class":74},[60,80842,94],{"class":78},[60,80844,101],{"class":74},[60,80846,80847,80849,80851,80853,80855,80857,80859,80861],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,80848,107],{"class":66},[60,80850,71],{"class":70},[60,80852,79782],{"class":134},[60,80854,122],{"class":74},[60,80856,3405],{"class":1656},[60,80858,82],{"class":74},[60,80860,112],{"class":118},[60,80862,128],{"class":74},[60,80864,80865],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,80866,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,80868,80869,80871,80873,80875,80877,80879],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,80870,135],{"class":134},[60,80872,122],{"class":74},[60,80874,8033],{"class":1656},[60,80876,122],{"class":74},[60,80878,140],{"class":118},[60,80880,315],{"class":74},[20,80882,318],{},[51,80884,80886],{"className":53,"code":80885,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,80887,80888],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,80889,80890,80892,80894,80896,80898,80900,80902,80904,80906,80908,80910,80912,80914],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,80891,3854],{"class":74},[60,80893,3261],{"class":255},[60,80895,79],{"class":259},[60,80897,3261],{"class":255},[60,80899,82],{"class":74},[60,80901,3256],{"class":255},[60,80903,125],{"class":259},[60,80905,3261],{"class":255},[60,80907,82],{"class":74},[60,80909,3256],{"class":255},[60,80911,189],{"class":259},[60,80913,3261],{"class":255},[60,80915,101],{"class":74},[553,80917,80919],{"id":80918},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[51,80921,80923],{"className":53,"code":80922,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,80924,80925,80945,80963,80967,80980],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,80926,80927,80929,80931,80933,80935,80937,80939,80941,80943],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,80928,67],{"class":66},[60,80930,71],{"class":70},[60,80932,75],{"class":74},[60,80934,79],{"class":78},[60,80936,82],{"class":74},[60,80938,85],{"class":78},[60,80940,82],{"class":74},[60,80942,94],{"class":78},[60,80944,101],{"class":74},[60,80946,80947,80949,80951,80953,80955,80957,80959,80961],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,80948,107],{"class":66},[60,80950,71],{"class":70},[60,80952,79782],{"class":134},[60,80954,122],{"class":74},[60,80956,3405],{"class":1656},[60,80958,82],{"class":74},[60,80960,112],{"class":118},[60,80962,128],{"class":74},[60,80964,80965],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,80966,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,80968,80969,80971,80973,80975,80978],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,80970,1702],{"class":1537},[60,80972,1705],{"class":66},[60,80974,511],{"class":1537},[60,80976,80977],{"class":66}," result",[60,80979,1712],{"class":74},[60,80981,80982,80984,80986,80988],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,80983,1718],{"class":134},[60,80985,122],{"class":74},[60,80987,1728],{"class":118},[60,80989,128],{"class":74},[20,80991,318],{},[51,80993,80995],{"className":53,"code":80994,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,80996,80997,81001,81005],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,80998,80999],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,81000,46848],{"class":78},[60,81002,81003],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,81004,321],{"class":78},[60,81006,81007],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,81008,931],{"class":78},[553,81010,81012],{"id":81011},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,81014,81015],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[51,81017,81019],{"className":53,"code":81018,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81020,81021,81041,81059,81063,81077],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,81022,81023,81025,81027,81029,81031,81033,81035,81037,81039],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,81024,67],{"class":66},[60,81026,71],{"class":70},[60,81028,75],{"class":74},[60,81030,79],{"class":78},[60,81032,82],{"class":74},[60,81034,85],{"class":78},[60,81036,82],{"class":74},[60,81038,94],{"class":78},[60,81040,101],{"class":74},[60,81042,81043,81045,81047,81049,81051,81053,81055,81057],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,81044,107],{"class":66},[60,81046,71],{"class":70},[60,81048,79782],{"class":134},[60,81050,122],{"class":74},[60,81052,3405],{"class":1656},[60,81054,82],{"class":74},[60,81056,112],{"class":118},[60,81058,128],{"class":74},[60,81060,81061],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,81062,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,81064,81065,81067,81069,81071,81073,81075],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,81066,135],{"class":134},[60,81068,122],{"class":74},[60,81070,8033],{"class":1656},[60,81072,122],{"class":74},[60,81074,140],{"class":118},[60,81076,315],{"class":74},[60,81078,81079,81081,81083,81085,81087,81089],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,81080,135],{"class":134},[60,81082,122],{"class":74},[60,81084,8033],{"class":1656},[60,81086,122],{"class":74},[60,81088,140],{"class":118},[60,81090,315],{"class":74},[20,81092,318],{},[51,81094,81096],{"className":53,"code":81095,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,81097,81098,81126],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,81099,81100,81102,81104,81106,81108,81110,81112,81114,81116,81118,81120,81122,81124],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,81101,3854],{"class":74},[60,81103,3261],{"class":255},[60,81105,79],{"class":259},[60,81107,3261],{"class":255},[60,81109,82],{"class":74},[60,81111,3256],{"class":255},[60,81113,125],{"class":259},[60,81115,3261],{"class":255},[60,81117,82],{"class":74},[60,81119,3256],{"class":255},[60,81121,189],{"class":259},[60,81123,3261],{"class":255},[60,81125,101],{"class":74},[60,81127,81128],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,81129,38230],{"class":74},[20,81131,81132],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,81134,81135],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[51,81137,81139],{"className":53,"code":81138,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,81140,81141,81161,81183,81187,81197],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,81142,81143,81145,81147,81149,81151,81153,81155,81157,81159],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,81144,67],{"class":66},[60,81146,71],{"class":70},[60,81148,75],{"class":74},[60,81150,79],{"class":78},[60,81152,82],{"class":74},[60,81154,85],{"class":78},[60,81156,82],{"class":74},[60,81158,94],{"class":78},[60,81160,101],{"class":74},[60,81162,81163,81165,81167,81169,81171,81173,81175,81177,81179,81181],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,81164,107],{"class":66},[60,81166,71],{"class":70},[60,81168,22492],{"class":1656},[60,81170,122],{"class":74},[60,81172,39793],{"class":134},[60,81174,122],{"class":74},[60,81176,3405],{"class":1656},[60,81178,82],{"class":74},[60,81180,112],{"class":118},[60,81182,315],{"class":74},[60,81184,81185],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,81186,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,81188,81189,81191,81193,81195],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,81190,135],{"class":134},[60,81192,122],{"class":74},[60,81194,140],{"class":118},[60,81196,128],{"class":74},[60,81198,81199,81201,81203,81205],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,81200,135],{"class":134},[60,81202,122],{"class":74},[60,81204,140],{"class":118},[60,81206,128],{"class":74},[20,81208,318],{},[51,81210,81212],{"className":53,"code":81211,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81213,81214,81242],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,81215,81216,81218,81220,81222,81224,81226,81228,81230,81232,81234,81236,81238,81240],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,81217,3854],{"class":74},[60,81219,3261],{"class":255},[60,81221,79],{"class":259},[60,81223,3261],{"class":255},[60,81225,82],{"class":74},[60,81227,3256],{"class":255},[60,81229,125],{"class":259},[60,81231,3261],{"class":255},[60,81233,82],{"class":74},[60,81235,3256],{"class":255},[60,81237,189],{"class":259},[60,81239,3261],{"class":255},[60,81241,101],{"class":74},[60,81243,81244,81246,81248,81250,81252,81254,81256,81258,81260,81262,81264,81266,81268],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,81245,3854],{"class":74},[60,81247,3261],{"class":255},[60,81249,79],{"class":259},[60,81251,3261],{"class":255},[60,81253,82],{"class":74},[60,81255,3256],{"class":255},[60,81257,125],{"class":259},[60,81259,3261],{"class":255},[60,81261,82],{"class":74},[60,81263,3256],{"class":255},[60,81265,189],{"class":259},[60,81267,3261],{"class":255},[60,81269,101],{"class":74},[46,81271,1221,81273],{"id":81272},"when-to-use-map",[15,81274,39650],{},[20,81276,81277,81279],{},[15,81278,39650],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,81281,81282],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[30,81284,81285,81289,81293],{},[33,81286,81287],{},[15,81288,3405],{},[33,81290,81291],{},[15,81292,345],{},[33,81294,81295],{},[15,81296,1986],{},[20,81298,238],{},[51,81300,81302],{"className":53,"code":81301,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,81303,81304,81336,81358,81362],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,81305,81306,81308,81310,81312,81314,81316,81318,81320,81322,81324,81326,81328,81330,81332,81334],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,81307,674],{"class":66},[60,81309,71],{"class":70},[60,81311,75],{"class":74},[60,81313,3261],{"class":255},[60,81315,79],{"class":259},[60,81317,3261],{"class":255},[60,81319,82],{"class":74},[60,81321,3256],{"class":255},[60,81323,125],{"class":259},[60,81325,3261],{"class":255},[60,81327,82],{"class":74},[60,81329,3256],{"class":255},[60,81331,189],{"class":259},[60,81333,3261],{"class":255},[60,81335,101],{"class":74},[60,81337,81338,81340,81342,81344,81346,81348,81350,81352,81354,81356],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,81339,67],{"class":66},[60,81341,71],{"class":70},[60,81343,22492],{"class":1656},[60,81345,122],{"class":74},[60,81347,39793],{"class":134},[60,81349,122],{"class":74},[60,81351,345],{"class":1656},[60,81353,82],{"class":74},[60,81355,3840],{"class":118},[60,81357,315],{"class":74},[60,81359,81360],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,81361,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,81363,81364,81366,81368,81370],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,81365,135],{"class":134},[60,81367,122],{"class":74},[60,81369,1506],{"class":118},[60,81371,128],{"class":74},[20,81373,318],{},[51,81375,81376],{"className":53,"code":55073,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,81377,81378],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,81379,81380,81382,81384,81386,81388,81390,81392],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,81381,3854],{"class":74},[60,81383,79],{"class":78},[60,81385,82],{"class":74},[60,81387,85],{"class":78},[60,81389,82],{"class":74},[60,81391,94],{"class":78},[60,81393,101],{"class":74},[20,81395,81396],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,81398,81399],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[51,81401,81403],{"className":53,"code":81402,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81404,81405,81425,81447],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,81406,81407,81409,81411,81413,81415,81417,81419,81421,81423],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,81408,67],{"class":66},[60,81410,71],{"class":70},[60,81412,75],{"class":74},[60,81414,79],{"class":78},[60,81416,82],{"class":74},[60,81418,85],{"class":78},[60,81420,82],{"class":74},[60,81422,94],{"class":78},[60,81424,101],{"class":74},[60,81426,81427,81429,81431,81433,81435,81437,81439,81441,81443,81445],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,81428,107],{"class":66},[60,81430,71],{"class":70},[60,81432,22492],{"class":1656},[60,81434,122],{"class":74},[60,81436,39793],{"class":134},[60,81438,122],{"class":74},[60,81440,3405],{"class":1656},[60,81442,82],{"class":74},[60,81444,112],{"class":118},[60,81446,315],{"class":74},[60,81448,81449,81451,81453,81455],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,81450,135],{"class":134},[60,81452,122],{"class":74},[60,81454,140],{"class":118},[60,81456,128],{"class":74},[51,81458,81460],{"className":53,"code":81459,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81461,81462,81482,81509],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,81463,81464,81466,81468,81470,81472,81474,81476,81478,81480],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,81465,67],{"class":66},[60,81467,71],{"class":70},[60,81469,75],{"class":74},[60,81471,79],{"class":78},[60,81473,82],{"class":74},[60,81475,85],{"class":78},[60,81477,82],{"class":74},[60,81479,94],{"class":78},[60,81481,101],{"class":74},[60,81483,81484,81486,81488,81490,81492,81494,81496,81498,81500,81503,81505,81507],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,81485,107],{"class":66},[60,81487,71],{"class":70},[60,81489,75],{"class":74},[60,81491,3405],{"class":1656},[60,81493,122],{"class":74},[60,81495,75790],{"class":118},[60,81497,143],{"class":74},[60,81499,3832],{"class":1537},[60,81501,81502],{"class":66}," n ",[60,81504,511],{"class":1537},[60,81506,112],{"class":66},[60,81508,101],{"class":74},[60,81510,81511,81513,81515,81517],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,81512,135],{"class":134},[60,81514,122],{"class":74},[60,81516,140],{"class":118},[60,81518,128],{"class":74},[20,81520,81521],{},"Both produce:",[51,81523,81524],{"className":53,"code":80885,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,81525,81526],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,81527,81528,81530,81532,81534,81536,81538,81540,81542,81544,81546,81548,81550,81552],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,81529,3854],{"class":74},[60,81531,3261],{"class":255},[60,81533,79],{"class":259},[60,81535,3261],{"class":255},[60,81537,82],{"class":74},[60,81539,3256],{"class":255},[60,81541,125],{"class":259},[60,81543,3261],{"class":255},[60,81545,82],{"class":74},[60,81547,3256],{"class":255},[60,81549,189],{"class":259},[60,81551,3261],{"class":255},[60,81553,101],{"class":74},[20,81555,81556],{},"A simple rule:",[30,81558,81559,81564,81569],{},[33,81560,39924,81561,81563],{},[15,81562,39650],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[33,81565,39930,81566,81568],{},[15,81567,1702],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[33,81570,81571],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,81573,81574,81575,115],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[260,81576,4343],{"href":4342},[46,81578,4468],{"id":4467},[553,81580,81582,81583],{"id":81581},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,81584,24713],{},[20,81586,81587],{},"This is very common:",[51,81589,81590],{"className":53,"code":80735,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,81591,81592,81612,81630,81634],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,81593,81594,81596,81598,81600,81602,81604,81606,81608,81610],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,81595,67],{"class":66},[60,81597,71],{"class":70},[60,81599,75],{"class":74},[60,81601,79],{"class":78},[60,81603,82],{"class":74},[60,81605,85],{"class":78},[60,81607,82],{"class":74},[60,81609,94],{"class":78},[60,81611,101],{"class":74},[60,81613,81614,81616,81618,81620,81622,81624,81626,81628],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,81615,107],{"class":66},[60,81617,71],{"class":70},[60,81619,79782],{"class":134},[60,81621,122],{"class":74},[60,81623,3405],{"class":1656},[60,81625,82],{"class":74},[60,81627,112],{"class":118},[60,81629,128],{"class":74},[60,81631,81632],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,81633,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,81635,81636,81638,81640,81642],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,81637,135],{"class":134},[60,81639,122],{"class":74},[60,81641,140],{"class":118},[60,81643,128],{"class":74},[20,81645,81646],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,81648,39195],{},[51,81650,81652],{"className":53,"code":81651,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(list(result))\n",[15,81653,81654],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,81655,81656,81658,81660,81662,81664,81666],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,81657,135],{"class":134},[60,81659,122],{"class":74},[60,81661,8033],{"class":1656},[60,81663,122],{"class":74},[60,81665,140],{"class":118},[60,81667,315],{"class":74},[553,81669,81671],{"id":81670},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,81673,16579],{},[51,81675,81677],{"className":53,"code":81676,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,81678,81679,81699],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,81680,81681,81683,81685,81687,81689,81691,81693,81695,81697],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,81682,67],{"class":66},[60,81684,71],{"class":70},[60,81686,75],{"class":74},[60,81688,79],{"class":78},[60,81690,82],{"class":74},[60,81692,85],{"class":78},[60,81694,82],{"class":74},[60,81696,94],{"class":78},[60,81698,101],{"class":74},[60,81700,81701,81703,81705,81707,81709,81711,81714,81716],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,81702,107],{"class":66},[60,81704,71],{"class":70},[60,81706,79782],{"class":134},[60,81708,122],{"class":74},[60,81710,3405],{"class":1656},[60,81712,81713],{"class":74},"(),",[60,81715,112],{"class":118},[60,81717,128],{"class":74},[20,81719,81720,81721,81723,81724,81726],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,81722,47614],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,81725,39650],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,81728,16591],{},[51,81730,81731],{"className":53,"code":80822,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,81732,81733,81753,81771,81775],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,81734,81735,81737,81739,81741,81743,81745,81747,81749,81751],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,81736,67],{"class":66},[60,81738,71],{"class":70},[60,81740,75],{"class":74},[60,81742,79],{"class":78},[60,81744,82],{"class":74},[60,81746,85],{"class":78},[60,81748,82],{"class":74},[60,81750,94],{"class":78},[60,81752,101],{"class":74},[60,81754,81755,81757,81759,81761,81763,81765,81767,81769],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,81756,107],{"class":66},[60,81758,71],{"class":70},[60,81760,79782],{"class":134},[60,81762,122],{"class":74},[60,81764,3405],{"class":1656},[60,81766,82],{"class":74},[60,81768,112],{"class":118},[60,81770,128],{"class":74},[60,81772,81773],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,81774,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,81776,81777,81779,81781,81783,81785,81787],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,81778,135],{"class":134},[60,81780,122],{"class":74},[60,81782,8033],{"class":1656},[60,81784,122],{"class":74},[60,81786,140],{"class":118},[60,81788,315],{"class":74},[553,81790,81792],{"id":81791},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,81794,81795],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,81797,16579],{},[51,81799,81801],{"className":53,"code":81800,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81802,81803,81820,81830,81834,81854,81873,81877],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,81804,81805,81807,81810,81812,81814,81816,81818],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,81806,34785],{"class":2033},[60,81808,81809],{"class":34788}," add",[60,81811,122],{"class":74},[60,81813,260],{"class":37597},[60,81815,82],{"class":74},[60,81817,2520],{"class":37597},[60,81819,8281],{"class":74},[60,81821,81822,81824,81826,81828],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,81823,34796],{"class":1537},[60,81825,44476],{"class":66},[60,81827,2028],{"class":70},[60,81829,36116],{"class":66},[60,81831,81832],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,81833,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,81835,81836,81838,81840,81842,81844,81846,81848,81850,81852],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,81837,67],{"class":66},[60,81839,71],{"class":70},[60,81841,75],{"class":74},[60,81843,79],{"class":78},[60,81845,82],{"class":74},[60,81847,85],{"class":78},[60,81849,82],{"class":74},[60,81851,94],{"class":78},[60,81853,101],{"class":74},[60,81855,81856,81858,81860,81862,81864,81867,81869,81871],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,81857,107],{"class":66},[60,81859,71],{"class":70},[60,81861,79782],{"class":134},[60,81863,122],{"class":74},[60,81865,81866],{"class":118},"add",[60,81868,82],{"class":74},[60,81870,112],{"class":118},[60,81872,128],{"class":74},[60,81874,81875],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,81876,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,81878,81879,81881,81883,81885,81887,81889],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,81880,135],{"class":134},[60,81882,122],{"class":74},[60,81884,8033],{"class":1656},[60,81886,122],{"class":74},[60,81888,140],{"class":118},[60,81890,315],{"class":74},[20,81892,16591],{},[51,81894,81896],{"className":53,"code":81895,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81897,81898,81914,81924,81928,81948,81968,81990,81994],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,81899,81900,81902,81904,81906,81908,81910,81912],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,81901,34785],{"class":2033},[60,81903,81809],{"class":34788},[60,81905,122],{"class":74},[60,81907,260],{"class":37597},[60,81909,82],{"class":74},[60,81911,2520],{"class":37597},[60,81913,8281],{"class":74},[60,81915,81916,81918,81920,81922],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,81917,34796],{"class":1537},[60,81919,44476],{"class":66},[60,81921,2028],{"class":70},[60,81923,36116],{"class":66},[60,81925,81926],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,81927,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,81929,81930,81932,81934,81936,81938,81940,81942,81944,81946],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,81931,80418],{"class":66},[60,81933,71],{"class":70},[60,81935,75],{"class":74},[60,81937,79],{"class":78},[60,81939,82],{"class":74},[60,81941,85],{"class":78},[60,81943,82],{"class":74},[60,81945,94],{"class":78},[60,81947,101],{"class":74},[60,81949,81950,81952,81954,81956,81958,81960,81962,81964,81966],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,81951,80439],{"class":66},[60,81953,71],{"class":70},[60,81955,75],{"class":74},[60,81957,873],{"class":78},[60,81959,82],{"class":74},[60,81961,878],{"class":78},[60,81963,82],{"class":74},[60,81965,888],{"class":78},[60,81967,101],{"class":74},[60,81969,81970,81972,81974,81976,81978,81980,81982,81984,81986,81988],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,81971,107],{"class":66},[60,81973,71],{"class":70},[60,81975,79782],{"class":134},[60,81977,122],{"class":74},[60,81979,81866],{"class":118},[60,81981,82],{"class":74},[60,81983,80477],{"class":118},[60,81985,82],{"class":74},[60,81987,80482],{"class":118},[60,81989,128],{"class":74},[60,81991,81992],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,81993,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,81995,81996,81998,82000,82002,82004,82006],{"class":62,"line":6367},[60,81997,135],{"class":134},[60,81999,122],{"class":74},[60,82001,8033],{"class":1656},[60,82003,122],{"class":74},[60,82005,140],{"class":118},[60,82007,315],{"class":74},[553,82009,82011],{"id":82010},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,82013,16579],{},[51,82015,82016],{"className":53,"code":81018,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,82017,82018,82038,82056,82060,82074],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,82019,82020,82022,82024,82026,82028,82030,82032,82034,82036],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,82021,67],{"class":66},[60,82023,71],{"class":70},[60,82025,75],{"class":74},[60,82027,79],{"class":78},[60,82029,82],{"class":74},[60,82031,85],{"class":78},[60,82033,82],{"class":74},[60,82035,94],{"class":78},[60,82037,101],{"class":74},[60,82039,82040,82042,82044,82046,82048,82050,82052,82054],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,82041,107],{"class":66},[60,82043,71],{"class":70},[60,82045,79782],{"class":134},[60,82047,122],{"class":74},[60,82049,3405],{"class":1656},[60,82051,82],{"class":74},[60,82053,112],{"class":118},[60,82055,128],{"class":74},[60,82057,82058],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,82059,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,82061,82062,82064,82066,82068,82070,82072],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,82063,135],{"class":134},[60,82065,122],{"class":74},[60,82067,8033],{"class":1656},[60,82069,122],{"class":74},[60,82071,140],{"class":118},[60,82073,315],{"class":74},[60,82075,82076,82078,82080,82082,82084,82086],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,82077,135],{"class":134},[60,82079,122],{"class":74},[60,82081,8033],{"class":1656},[60,82083,122],{"class":74},[60,82085,140],{"class":118},[60,82087,315],{"class":74},[20,82089,82090],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,82092,82093],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[46,82095,67655],{"id":67654},[20,82097,8810,82098,82100],{},[15,82099,39650],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[51,82102,82104],{"className":53,"code":82103,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,82105,82106,82116,82130,82144,82156],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,82107,82108,82110,82112,82114],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,82109,135],{"class":134},[60,82111,122],{"class":74},[60,82113,140],{"class":118},[60,82115,128],{"class":74},[60,82117,82118,82120,82122,82124,82126,82128],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,82119,135],{"class":134},[60,82121,122],{"class":74},[60,82123,8033],{"class":1656},[60,82125,122],{"class":74},[60,82127,140],{"class":118},[60,82129,315],{"class":74},[60,82131,82132,82134,82136,82138,82140,82142],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,82133,135],{"class":134},[60,82135,122],{"class":74},[60,82137,1657],{"class":1656},[60,82139,122],{"class":74},[60,82141,140],{"class":118},[60,82143,315],{"class":74},[60,82145,82146,82148,82150,82152,82154],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,82147,1702],{"class":1537},[60,82149,1705],{"class":66},[60,82151,511],{"class":1537},[60,82153,80977],{"class":66},[60,82155,1712],{"class":74},[60,82157,82158,82160,82162,82164],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,82159,1718],{"class":134},[60,82161,122],{"class":74},[60,82163,1728],{"class":118},[60,82165,128],{"class":74},[20,82167,12609],{},[30,82169,82170,82175,82180,82186],{},[33,82171,82172,82174],{},[15,82173,32960],{}," shows that you have a map object",[33,82176,82177,82179],{},[15,82178,32968],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[33,82181,82182,82185],{},[15,82183,82184],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[33,82187,82188,82189,82191],{},"looping over ",[15,82190,140],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,82193,82194,82195,82198,82199,82201],{},"Be careful: ",[15,82196,82197],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,82200,1702],{}," loop consume the map object.",[46,82203,1773],{"id":1772},[553,82205,1777,82207,82209],{"id":82206},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,82208,39650],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,82211,82212,82213,82215,82216,23870],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,82214,39650],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,82217,82218],{},"list(map(...))",[553,82220,1806,82222,82224,82225,82227],{"id":82221},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,82223,39650],{}," better than a ",[15,82226,1702],{}," loop?",[20,82229,82230,82231,82233,82234,82236],{},"Not always. ",[15,82232,39650],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,82235,1702],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[553,82238,1796,82240,82242],{"id":82239},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,82241,39650],{}," use more than one list?",[20,82244,82245],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[553,82247,82249],{"id":82248},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,82251,82252],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[46,82254,1842],{"id":1841},[30,82256,82257,82263,82269,82273,82277],{},[33,82258,82259],{},[260,82260,1875,82261,3471],{"href":40019},[15,82262,37510],{},[33,82264,82265],{},[260,82266,1875,82267,3471],{"href":64607},[15,82268,24713],{},[33,82270,82271],{},[260,82272,5168],{"href":5079},[33,82274,82275],{},[260,82276,5173],{"href":4342},[33,82278,82279],{},[260,82280,5163],{"href":5083},[1885,82282,82283],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":82285},[82286,82287,82289,82290,82291,82293,82298,82305,82307,82314,82315,82324],{"id":1971,"depth":104,"text":1972},{"id":79861,"depth":104,"text":82288},"What map() does",{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199},{"id":11410,"depth":104,"text":11411},{"id":80180,"depth":104,"text":82292},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80364,"depth":104,"text":82294,"children":82295},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82296],{"id":80552,"depth":131,"text":82297},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":80709,"depth":104,"text":82299,"children":82300},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82301,82303,82304],{"id":80727,"depth":131,"text":82302},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":80918,"depth":131,"text":80919},{"id":81011,"depth":131,"text":81012},{"id":81272,"depth":104,"text":82306},"When to use map()",{"id":4467,"depth":104,"text":4468,"children":82308},[82309,82311,82312,82313],{"id":81581,"depth":131,"text":82310},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81670,"depth":131,"text":81671},{"id":81791,"depth":131,"text":81792},{"id":82010,"depth":131,"text":82011},{"id":67654,"depth":104,"text":67655},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":82316},[82317,82319,82321,82323],{"id":82206,"depth":131,"text":82318},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82221,"depth":131,"text":82320},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82239,"depth":131,"text":82322},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82248,"depth":131,"text":82249},{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":79693,"description":82325},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82332,"title":82333,"body":82334,"description":84354,"extension":1930,"meta":84355,"navigation":421,"path":84356,"seo":84357,"stem":84358,"__hash__":84359},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82335,"toc":84312},[82336,82342,82347,82350,82358,82361,82363,82487,82489,82507,82509,82529,82534,82538,82552,82555,82558,82560,82565,82677,82680,82698,82704,82707,82769,82771,82780,82783,82797,82799,82847,82849,82858,82868,82874,82877,82904,82906,82914,82917,82920,82990,82992,83000,83003,83008,83013,83064,83066,83074,83077,83079,83096,83098,83150,83153,83159,83163,83168,83171,83175,83234,83236,83245,83251,83260,83264,83327,83329,83337,83342,83346,83351,83431,83433,83442,83449,83454,83459,83462,83497,83499,83507,83510,83516,83518,83568,83570,83579,83582,83600,83602,83607,83613,83620,83647,83649,83672,83677,83712,83717,83723,83728,83771,83774,83777,83816,83823,83829,83834,83849,83853,83860,83863,83867,83872,83876,83881,83883,83944,83946,83975,83980,83987,83996,83998,84001,84026,84028,84131,84134,84152,84161,84163,84168,84171,84177,84180,84182,84192,84198,84202,84260,84267,84275,84277,84309],[10,82337,1875,82339,3541],{"id":82338},"python-max-function-explained",[15,82340,82341],{},"max()",[20,82343,9058,82344,82346],{},[15,82345,82341],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,82348,82349],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[30,82351,82352,82355],{},[33,82353,82354],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[33,82356,82357],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,82359,82360],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[46,82362,1972],{"id":1971},[51,82364,82366],{"className":53,"code":82365,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82367,82368,82392,82407,82411,82437,82441,82473],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,82369,82370,82372,82374,82376,82378,82380,82382,82384,82386,82388,82390],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,82371,67],{"class":66},[60,82373,71],{"class":70},[60,82375,75],{"class":74},[60,82377,189],{"class":78},[60,82379,82],{"class":74},[60,82381,6301],{"class":78},[60,82383,82],{"class":74},[60,82385,85],{"class":78},[60,82387,82],{"class":74},[60,82389,4555],{"class":78},[60,82391,101],{"class":74},[60,82393,82394,82396,82398,82401,82403,82405],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,82395,135],{"class":134},[60,82397,122],{"class":74},[60,82399,82400],{"class":134},"max",[60,82402,122],{"class":74},[60,82404,1506],{"class":118},[60,82406,315],{"class":74},[60,82408,82409],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,82410,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,82412,82413,82415,82417,82419,82421,82423,82425,82427,82429,82431,82433,82435],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,82414,135],{"class":134},[60,82416,122],{"class":74},[60,82418,82400],{"class":134},[60,82420,122],{"class":74},[60,82422,189],{"class":78},[60,82424,82],{"class":74},[60,82426,6301],{"class":78},[60,82428,82],{"class":74},[60,82430,85],{"class":78},[60,82432,82],{"class":74},[60,82434,4555],{"class":78},[60,82436,315],{"class":74},[60,82438,82439],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,82440,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,82442,82443,82445,82447,82449,82451,82453,82455,82457,82459,82461,82463,82465,82467,82469,82471],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,82444,566],{"class":66},[60,82446,71],{"class":70},[60,82448,75],{"class":74},[60,82450,256],{"class":255},[60,82452,575],{"class":259},[60,82454,256],{"class":255},[60,82456,82],{"class":74},[60,82458,267],{"class":255},[60,82460,1392],{"class":259},[60,82462,256],{"class":255},[60,82464,82],{"class":74},[60,82466,267],{"class":255},[60,82468,78504],{"class":259},[60,82470,256],{"class":255},[60,82472,101],{"class":74},[60,82474,82475,82477,82479,82481,82483,82485],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,82476,135],{"class":134},[60,82478,122],{"class":74},[60,82480,82400],{"class":134},[60,82482,122],{"class":74},[60,82484,605],{"class":118},[60,82486,315],{"class":74},[20,82488,318],{},[51,82490,82492],{"className":53,"code":82491,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,82493,82494,82498,82502],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,82495,82496],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,82497,2345],{"class":78},[60,82499,82500],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,82501,2345],{"class":78},[60,82503,82504],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,82505,82506],{"class":66},"pear\n",[20,82508,19891],{},[30,82510,82511,82517,82523],{},[33,82512,82513,82516],{},[15,82514,82515],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[33,82518,82519,82522],{},[15,82520,82521],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[33,82524,82525,82528],{},[15,82526,82527],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[46,82530,158,82532,161],{"id":82531},"what-max-does",[15,82533,82341],{},[20,82535,82536,166],{},[15,82537,82341],{},[30,82539,82540,82543,82546,82549],{},[33,82541,82542],{},"Returns the largest item",[33,82544,82545],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[33,82547,82548],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[33,82550,82551],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,82553,82554],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,82556,82557],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[46,82559,199],{"id":198},[20,82561,82562,82563,166],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,82564,82341],{},[51,82566,82568],{"className":53,"code":82567,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,82569,82570,82580,82604,82626,82649],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,82571,82572,82574,82576,82578],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,82573,82400],{"class":134},[60,82575,122],{"class":74},[60,82577,3675],{"class":118},[60,82579,128],{"class":74},[60,82581,82582,82584,82586,82588,82590,82593,82595,82597,82599,82602],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,82583,82400],{"class":134},[60,82585,122],{"class":74},[60,82587,3675],{"class":118},[60,82589,82],{"class":74},[60,82591,82592],{"class":70}," *",[60,82594,82],{"class":74},[60,82596,21512],{"class":9110},[60,82598,71],{"class":70},[60,82600,82601],{"class":118},"func",[60,82603,128],{"class":74},[60,82605,82606,82608,82610,82612,82614,82616,82618,82620,82622,82624],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,82607,82400],{"class":134},[60,82609,122],{"class":74},[60,82611,3675],{"class":118},[60,82613,82],{"class":74},[60,82615,82592],{"class":70},[60,82617,82],{"class":74},[60,82619,26456],{"class":9110},[60,82621,71],{"class":70},[60,82623,221],{"class":118},[60,82625,128],{"class":74},[60,82627,82628,82630,82632,82635,82637,82640,82642,82644,82647],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,82629,82400],{"class":134},[60,82631,122],{"class":74},[60,82633,82634],{"class":118},"arg1",[60,82636,82],{"class":74},[60,82638,82639],{"class":118}," arg2",[60,82641,82],{"class":74},[60,82643,82592],{"class":70},[60,82645,82646],{"class":118},"args",[60,82648,128],{"class":74},[60,82650,82651,82653,82655,82657,82659,82661,82663,82665,82667,82669,82671,82673,82675],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,82652,82400],{"class":134},[60,82654,122],{"class":74},[60,82656,82634],{"class":118},[60,82658,82],{"class":74},[60,82660,82639],{"class":118},[60,82662,82],{"class":74},[60,82664,82592],{"class":70},[60,82666,82646],{"class":118},[60,82668,82],{"class":74},[60,82670,21512],{"class":9110},[60,82672,71],{"class":70},[60,82674,82601],{"class":118},[60,82676,128],{"class":74},[20,82678,82679],{},"The most important parts are:",[30,82681,82682,82687,82692],{},[33,82683,82684,82686],{},[15,82685,3675],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[33,82688,82689,82691],{},[15,82690,14776],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[33,82693,82694,82697],{},[15,82695,82696],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[46,82699,8356,82701,82703],{"id":82700},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,82702,82341],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,82705,82706],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[51,82708,82710],{"className":53,"code":82709,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,82711,82712,82738,82754,82758],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,82713,82714,82716,82718,82720,82723,82725,82727,82729,82731,82733,82736],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,82715,5011],{"class":66},[60,82717,71],{"class":70},[60,82719,75],{"class":74},[60,82721,82722],{"class":78},"72",[60,82724,82],{"class":74},[60,82726,51436],{"class":78},[60,82728,82],{"class":74},[60,82730,13442],{"class":78},[60,82732,82],{"class":74},[60,82734,82735],{"class":78}," 66",[60,82737,101],{"class":74},[60,82739,82740,82743,82745,82748,82750,82752],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,82741,82742],{"class":66},"highest_score ",[60,82744,71],{"class":70},[60,82746,82747],{"class":134}," max",[60,82749,122],{"class":74},[60,82751,16324],{"class":118},[60,82753,128],{"class":74},[60,82755,82756],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,82757,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,82759,82760,82762,82764,82767],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,82761,135],{"class":134},[60,82763,122],{"class":74},[60,82765,82766],{"class":118},"highest_score",[60,82768,128],{"class":74},[20,82770,318],{},[51,82772,82774],{"className":53,"code":82773,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"91\n",[15,82775,82776],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,82777,82778],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,82779,82773],{"class":78},[20,82781,82782],{},"This works well for:",[30,82784,82785,82788,82791,82794],{},[33,82786,82787],{},"Scores",[33,82789,82790],{},"Prices",[33,82792,82793],{},"Ages",[33,82795,82796],{},"Counts",[20,82798,52006],{},[51,82800,82802],{"className":53,"code":82801,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,82803,82804,82832],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,82805,82806,82809,82811,82813,82815,82817,82820,82822,82825,82827,82830],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,82807,82808],{"class":66},"prices ",[60,82810,71],{"class":70},[60,82812,75],{"class":74},[60,82814,40332],{"class":78},[60,82816,82],{"class":74},[60,82818,82819],{"class":78}," 5.50",[60,82821,82],{"class":74},[60,82823,82824],{"class":78}," 12.75",[60,82826,82],{"class":74},[60,82828,82829],{"class":78}," 29.00",[60,82831,101],{"class":74},[60,82833,82834,82836,82838,82840,82842,82845],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,82835,135],{"class":134},[60,82837,122],{"class":74},[60,82839,82400],{"class":134},[60,82841,122],{"class":74},[60,82843,82844],{"class":118},"prices",[60,82846,315],{"class":74},[20,82848,318],{},[51,82850,82852],{"className":53,"code":82851,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"29.0\n",[15,82853,82854],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,82855,82856],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,82857,82851],{"class":78},[20,82859,82860,82861,82863,82864,115],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,82862,82341],{}," is simpler than ",[260,82865,82866],{"href":74281},[15,82867,74184],{},[46,82869,8356,82871,82873],{"id":82870},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,82872,82341],{}," with separate values",[20,82875,82876],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[51,82878,82880],{"className":53,"code":82879,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,82881,82882],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,82883,82884,82886,82888,82890,82892,82894,82896,82898,82900,82902],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,82885,135],{"class":134},[60,82887,122],{"class":74},[60,82889,82400],{"class":134},[60,82891,122],{"class":74},[60,82893,2465],{"class":78},[60,82895,82],{"class":74},[60,82897,30875],{"class":78},[60,82899,82],{"class":74},[60,82901,5938],{"class":78},[60,82903,315],{"class":74},[20,82905,318],{},[51,82907,82908],{"className":53,"code":2190,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,82909,82910],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,82911,82912],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,82913,2190],{"class":78},[20,82915,82916],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,82918,82919],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[51,82921,82923],{"className":53,"code":82922,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,82924,82925,82934,82942,82952,82956,82979],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,82926,82927,82929,82931],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,82928,2515],{"class":66},[60,82930,71],{"class":70},[60,82932,82933],{"class":78}," 15\n",[60,82935,82936,82938,82940],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,82937,2543],{"class":66},[60,82939,71],{"class":70},[60,82941,2730],{"class":78},[60,82943,82944,82947,82949],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,82945,82946],{"class":66},"c ",[60,82948,71],{"class":70},[60,82950,82951],{"class":78}," 27\n",[60,82953,82954],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,82955,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,82957,82958,82961,82963,82965,82967,82969,82971,82973,82975,82977],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,82959,82960],{"class":66},"largest ",[60,82962,71],{"class":70},[60,82964,82747],{"class":134},[60,82966,122],{"class":74},[60,82968,260],{"class":118},[60,82970,82],{"class":74},[60,82972,2520],{"class":118},[60,82974,82],{"class":74},[60,82976,9617],{"class":118},[60,82978,128],{"class":74},[60,82980,82981,82983,82985,82988],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,82982,135],{"class":134},[60,82984,122],{"class":74},[60,82986,82987],{"class":118},"largest",[60,82989,128],{"class":74},[20,82991,318],{},[51,82993,82994],{"className":53,"code":46544,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,82995,82996],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,82997,82998],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,82999,46544],{"class":78},[20,83001,83002],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[46,83004,8356,83006,46990],{"id":83005},"using-max-with-strings",[15,83007,82341],{},[20,83009,83010,83012],{},[15,83011,82341],{}," can compare strings too.",[51,83014,83016],{"className":53,"code":83015,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83017,83018,83050],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,83019,83020,83022,83024,83026,83028,83030,83032,83034,83036,83038,83040,83042,83044,83046,83048],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,83021,566],{"class":66},[60,83023,71],{"class":70},[60,83025,75],{"class":74},[60,83027,256],{"class":255},[60,83029,575],{"class":259},[60,83031,256],{"class":255},[60,83033,82],{"class":74},[60,83035,267],{"class":255},[60,83037,1392],{"class":259},[60,83039,256],{"class":255},[60,83041,82],{"class":74},[60,83043,267],{"class":255},[60,83045,78504],{"class":259},[60,83047,256],{"class":255},[60,83049,101],{"class":74},[60,83051,83052,83054,83056,83058,83060,83062],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,83053,135],{"class":134},[60,83055,122],{"class":74},[60,83057,82400],{"class":134},[60,83059,122],{"class":74},[60,83061,605],{"class":118},[60,83063,315],{"class":74},[20,83065,318],{},[51,83067,83068],{"className":53,"code":82506,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,83069,83070],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,83071,83072],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,83073,82506],{"class":66},[20,83075,83076],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,83078,68043],{},[30,83080,83081,83090,83093],{},[33,83082,83083,83086,83087,83089],{},[15,83084,83085],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,83088,65034],{}," alphabetically",[33,83091,83092],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[33,83094,83095],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,83097,238],{},[51,83099,83101],{"className":53,"code":83100,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83102,83103,83136],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,83104,83105,83107,83109,83111,83113,83115,83117,83119,83121,83124,83126,83128,83130,83132,83134],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,83106,566],{"class":66},[60,83108,71],{"class":70},[60,83110,75],{"class":74},[60,83112,256],{"class":255},[60,83114,575],{"class":259},[60,83116,256],{"class":255},[60,83118,82],{"class":74},[60,83120,267],{"class":255},[60,83122,83123],{"class":259},"Banana",[60,83125,256],{"class":255},[60,83127,82],{"class":74},[60,83129,267],{"class":255},[60,83131,78504],{"class":259},[60,83133,256],{"class":255},[60,83135,101],{"class":74},[60,83137,83138,83140,83142,83144,83146,83148],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,83139,135],{"class":134},[60,83141,122],{"class":74},[60,83143,82400],{"class":134},[60,83145,122],{"class":74},[60,83147,605],{"class":118},[60,83149,315],{"class":74},[20,83151,83152],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,83154,83155,83156,83158],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,83157,14776],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[46,83160,36547,83161,36550],{"id":78462},[15,83162,14776],{},[20,83164,1947,83165,83167],{},[15,83166,14776],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,83169,83170],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[553,83172,83174],{"id":83173},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[51,83176,83178],{"className":53,"code":83177,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,83179,83180,83212],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,83181,83182,83184,83186,83188,83190,83192,83194,83196,83198,83200,83202,83204,83206,83208,83210],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,83183,566],{"class":66},[60,83185,71],{"class":70},[60,83187,75],{"class":74},[60,83189,256],{"class":255},[60,83191,959],{"class":259},[60,83193,256],{"class":255},[60,83195,82],{"class":74},[60,83197,267],{"class":255},[60,83199,68086],{"class":259},[60,83201,256],{"class":255},[60,83203,82],{"class":74},[60,83205,267],{"class":255},[60,83207,968],{"class":259},[60,83209,256],{"class":255},[60,83211,101],{"class":74},[60,83213,83214,83216,83218,83220,83222,83224,83226,83228,83230,83232],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,83215,135],{"class":134},[60,83217,122],{"class":74},[60,83219,82400],{"class":134},[60,83221,122],{"class":74},[60,83223,605],{"class":118},[60,83225,82],{"class":74},[60,83227,21512],{"class":9110},[60,83229,71],{"class":70},[60,83231,11097],{"class":134},[60,83233,315],{"class":74},[20,83235,318],{},[51,83237,83239],{"className":53,"code":83238,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"elephant\n",[15,83240,83241],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,83242,83243],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,83244,83238],{"class":66},[20,83246,20704,83247,83250],{},[15,83248,83249],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,83252,83253,83254,33561,83256,115],{},"If you are new to ",[15,83255,1878],{},[260,83257,83258,5729],{"href":42290},[15,83259,1878],{},[553,83261,83263],{"id":83262},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[51,83265,83267],{"className":53,"code":83266,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,83268,83269,83301],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,83270,83271,83273,83275,83277,83279,83281,83283,83285,83287,83289,83291,83293,83295,83297,83299],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,83272,566],{"class":66},[60,83274,71],{"class":70},[60,83276,75],{"class":74},[60,83278,256],{"class":255},[60,83280,575],{"class":259},[60,83282,256],{"class":255},[60,83284,82],{"class":74},[60,83286,267],{"class":255},[60,83288,83123],{"class":259},[60,83290,256],{"class":255},[60,83292,82],{"class":74},[60,83294,267],{"class":255},[60,83296,78504],{"class":259},[60,83298,256],{"class":255},[60,83300,101],{"class":74},[60,83302,83303,83305,83307,83309,83311,83313,83315,83317,83319,83321,83323,83325],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,83304,135],{"class":134},[60,83306,122],{"class":74},[60,83308,82400],{"class":134},[60,83310,122],{"class":74},[60,83312,605],{"class":118},[60,83314,82],{"class":74},[60,83316,21512],{"class":9110},[60,83318,71],{"class":70},[60,83320,3405],{"class":1656},[60,83322,115],{"class":74},[60,83324,8576],{"class":24682},[60,83326,315],{"class":74},[20,83328,318],{},[51,83330,83331],{"className":53,"code":82506,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,83332,83333],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,83334,83335],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,83336,82506],{"class":66},[20,83338,20704,83339,83341],{},[15,83340,78458],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[553,83343,83345],{"id":83344},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,83347,83348,83349,166],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,83350,37594],{},[51,83352,83354],{"className":53,"code":83353,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,83355,83356,83399],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,83357,83358,83360,83362,83364,83366,83368,83370,83372,83374,83377,83379,83381,83383,83386,83388,83390,83392,83395,83397],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,83359,777],{"class":66},[60,83361,71],{"class":70},[60,83363,75],{"class":74},[60,83365,256],{"class":255},[60,83367,260],{"class":259},[60,83369,256],{"class":255},[60,83371,82],{"class":74},[60,83373,267],{"class":255},[60,83375,83376],{"class":259},"bb",[60,83378,256],{"class":255},[60,83380,82],{"class":74},[60,83382,267],{"class":255},[60,83384,83385],{"class":259},"cccc",[60,83387,256],{"class":255},[60,83389,82],{"class":74},[60,83391,267],{"class":255},[60,83393,83394],{"class":259},"ddd",[60,83396,256],{"class":255},[60,83398,101],{"class":74},[60,83400,83401,83403,83405,83407,83409,83411,83413,83415,83417,83419,83421,83423,83425,83427,83429],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,83402,135],{"class":134},[60,83404,122],{"class":74},[60,83406,82400],{"class":134},[60,83408,122],{"class":74},[60,83410,828],{"class":118},[60,83412,82],{"class":74},[60,83414,21512],{"class":9110},[60,83416,71],{"class":70},[60,83418,37594],{"class":2033},[60,83420,42773],{"class":37597},[60,83422,166],{"class":74},[60,83424,38319],{"class":134},[60,83426,122],{"class":74},[60,83428,34642],{"class":118},[60,83430,2872],{"class":74},[20,83432,318],{},[51,83434,83436],{"className":53,"code":83435,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"cccc\n",[15,83437,83438],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,83439,83440],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,83441,83435],{"class":66},[20,83443,49481,83444,544,83446,83448],{},[15,83445,83249],{},[15,83447,78345],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[46,83450,36547,83452,36550],{"id":83451},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83453,82696],{},[20,83455,1947,83456,83458],{},[15,83457,82696],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,83460,83461],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[51,83463,83465],{"className":53,"code":83464,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,83466,83467,83475],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,83468,83469,83471,83473],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,83470,67],{"class":66},[60,83472,71],{"class":70},[60,83474,7778],{"class":74},[60,83476,83477,83479,83481,83483,83485,83487,83489,83491,83493,83495],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,83478,135],{"class":134},[60,83480,122],{"class":74},[60,83482,82400],{"class":134},[60,83484,122],{"class":74},[60,83486,1506],{"class":118},[60,83488,82],{"class":74},[60,83490,26456],{"class":9110},[60,83492,71],{"class":70},[60,83494,195],{"class":78},[60,83496,315],{"class":74},[20,83498,318],{},[51,83500,83501],{"className":53,"code":1107,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,83502,83503],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,83504,83505],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,83506,1107],{"class":78},[20,83508,83509],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,83511,83512,83513,83515],{},"Without ",[15,83514,82696],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,83517,52006],{},[51,83519,83521],{"className":53,"code":83520,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,83522,83523,83531,83558],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,83524,83525,83527,83529],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,83526,566],{"class":66},[60,83528,71],{"class":70},[60,83530,7778],{"class":74},[60,83532,83533,83535,83537,83539,83541,83543,83545,83547,83549,83551,83554,83556],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,83534,107],{"class":66},[60,83536,71],{"class":70},[60,83538,82747],{"class":134},[60,83540,122],{"class":74},[60,83542,605],{"class":118},[60,83544,82],{"class":74},[60,83546,26456],{"class":9110},[60,83548,71],{"class":70},[60,83550,256],{"class":255},[60,83552,83553],{"class":259},"no words found",[60,83555,256],{"class":255},[60,83557,128],{"class":74},[60,83559,83560,83562,83564,83566],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,83561,135],{"class":134},[60,83563,122],{"class":74},[60,83565,140],{"class":118},[60,83567,128],{"class":74},[20,83569,318],{},[51,83571,83573],{"className":53,"code":83572,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"no words found\n",[15,83574,83575],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,83576,83577],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,83578,83572],{"class":66},[20,83580,83581],{},"Important:",[30,83583,83584,83592],{},[33,83585,83586,83588,83589],{},[15,83587,82696],{}," works with ",[15,83590,83591],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[33,83593,40840,83594,83596,83597],{},[3698,83595,4581],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,83598,83599],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[46,83601,47917],{"id":47916},[20,83603,83604,83605,115],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,83606,82341],{},[553,83608,83610,83612],{"id":83609},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,83611,40638],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,83614,83615,83616,45840,83618,115],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,83617,82696],{},[15,83619,40638],{},[51,83621,83623],{"className":53,"code":83622,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,83624,83625,83633],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,83626,83627,83629,83631],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,83628,67],{"class":66},[60,83630,71],{"class":70},[60,83632,7778],{"class":74},[60,83634,83635,83637,83639,83641,83643,83645],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,83636,135],{"class":134},[60,83638,122],{"class":74},[60,83640,82400],{"class":134},[60,83642,122],{"class":74},[60,83644,1506],{"class":118},[60,83646,315],{"class":74},[20,83648,29612],{},[51,83650,83652],{"className":53,"code":83651,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,83653,83654],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,83655,83656,83658,83660,83662,83664,83667,83669],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,83657,40638],{"class":1656},[60,83659,166],{"class":74},[60,83661,82747],{"class":134},[60,83663,7308],{"class":74},[60,83665,83666],{"class":66}," arg ",[60,83668,12130],{"class":70},[60,83670,83671],{"class":66}," an empty sequence\n",[20,83673,83674,83675,166],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,83676,82696],{},[51,83678,83680],{"className":53,"code":83679,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,83681,83682,83690],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,83683,83684,83686,83688],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,83685,67],{"class":66},[60,83687,71],{"class":70},[60,83689,7778],{"class":74},[60,83691,83692,83694,83696,83698,83700,83702,83704,83706,83708,83710],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,83693,135],{"class":134},[60,83695,122],{"class":74},[60,83697,82400],{"class":134},[60,83699,122],{"class":74},[60,83701,1506],{"class":118},[60,83703,82],{"class":74},[60,83705,26456],{"class":9110},[60,83707,71],{"class":70},[60,83709,3734],{"class":685},[60,83711,315],{"class":74},[20,83713,83714,83715,115],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[260,83716,65599],{"href":72638},[553,83718,83720,83722],{"id":83719},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,83721,2964],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,83724,83725,83726,115],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,83727,2964],{},[51,83729,83731],{"className":53,"code":83730,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83732,83733,83757],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,83734,83735,83737,83739,83741,83743,83745,83747,83749,83751,83753,83755],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,83736,777],{"class":66},[60,83738,71],{"class":70},[60,83740,75],{"class":74},[60,83742,873],{"class":78},[60,83744,82],{"class":74},[60,83746,267],{"class":255},[60,83748,15689],{"class":259},[60,83750,256],{"class":255},[60,83752,82],{"class":74},[60,83754,888],{"class":78},[60,83756,101],{"class":74},[60,83758,83759,83761,83763,83765,83767,83769],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,83760,135],{"class":134},[60,83762,122],{"class":74},[60,83764,82400],{"class":134},[60,83766,122],{"class":74},[60,83768,828],{"class":118},[60,83770,315],{"class":74},[20,83772,83773],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,83775,83776],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[51,83778,83780],{"className":53,"code":83779,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83781,83782,83802],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,83783,83784,83786,83788,83790,83792,83794,83796,83798,83800],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,83785,777],{"class":66},[60,83787,71],{"class":70},[60,83789,75],{"class":74},[60,83791,873],{"class":78},[60,83793,82],{"class":74},[60,83795,878],{"class":78},[60,83797,82],{"class":74},[60,83799,888],{"class":78},[60,83801,101],{"class":74},[60,83803,83804,83806,83808,83810,83812,83814],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,83805,135],{"class":134},[60,83807,122],{"class":74},[60,83809,82400],{"class":134},[60,83811,122],{"class":74},[60,83813,828],{"class":118},[60,83815,315],{"class":74},[20,83817,83818,83819,115],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[260,83820,83822],{"href":83821},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[553,83824,83826,83828],{"id":83825},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,83827,2964],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,83830,83831,83833],{},[15,83832,82341],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[51,83835,83837],{"className":53,"code":83836,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(max())\n",[15,83838,83839],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,83840,83841,83843,83845,83847],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,83842,135],{"class":134},[60,83844,122],{"class":74},[60,83846,82400],{"class":134},[60,83848,7136],{"class":74},[20,83850,2961,83851,115],{},[15,83852,2964],{},[46,83854,83856,10521,83858],{"id":83855},"max-vs-sorted",[15,83857,82341],{},[15,83859,74184],{},[20,83861,83862],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,83864,83865,166],{},[15,83866,82341],{},[30,83868,83869],{},[33,83870,83871],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,83873,83874,166],{},[15,83875,74184],{},[30,83877,83878],{},[33,83879,83880],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,83882,238],{},[51,83884,83886],{"className":53,"code":83885,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,83887,83888,83912,83916,83930],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,83889,83890,83892,83894,83896,83898,83900,83902,83904,83906,83908,83910],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,83891,67],{"class":66},[60,83893,71],{"class":70},[60,83895,75],{"class":74},[60,83897,189],{"class":78},[60,83899,82],{"class":74},[60,83901,6301],{"class":78},[60,83903,82],{"class":74},[60,83905,85],{"class":78},[60,83907,82],{"class":74},[60,83909,4555],{"class":78},[60,83911,101],{"class":74},[60,83913,83914],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,83915,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,83917,83918,83920,83922,83924,83926,83928],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,83919,135],{"class":134},[60,83921,122],{"class":74},[60,83923,82400],{"class":134},[60,83925,122],{"class":74},[60,83927,1506],{"class":118},[60,83929,315],{"class":74},[60,83931,83932,83934,83936,83938,83940,83942],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,83933,135],{"class":134},[60,83935,122],{"class":74},[60,83937,74274],{"class":134},[60,83939,122],{"class":74},[60,83941,1506],{"class":118},[60,83943,315],{"class":74},[20,83945,318],{},[51,83947,83949],{"className":53,"code":83948,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,83950,83951,83955],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,83952,83953],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,83954,2345],{"class":78},[60,83956,83957,83959,83961,83963,83965,83967,83969,83971,83973],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,83958,3854],{"class":74},[60,83960,125],{"class":78},[60,83962,82],{"class":74},[60,83964,94],{"class":78},[60,83966,82],{"class":74},[60,83968,4555],{"class":78},[60,83970,82],{"class":74},[60,83972,6301],{"class":78},[60,83974,101],{"class":74},[20,83976,150,83977,83979],{},[15,83978,82341],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,83981,150,83982,83986],{},[260,83983,83984],{"href":74281},[15,83985,74184],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,83988,83989,83990,115],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[260,83991,83993],{"href":83992},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,83994,83995],{},"min()",[46,83997,1351],{"id":1350},[20,83999,84000],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[30,84002,84003,84010,84013,84018,84021],{},[33,84004,1626,84005,84007,84008],{},[15,84006,82341],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,84009,82696],{},[33,84011,84012],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[33,84014,1454,84015,84017],{},[15,84016,82341],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[33,84019,84020],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[33,84022,8356,84023,84025],{},[15,84024,82696],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,84027,11048],{},[51,84029,84031],{"className":53,"code":84030,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,84032,84033,84043,84057,84071,84085,84107],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84034,84035,84037,84039,84041],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84036,135],{"class":134},[60,84038,122],{"class":74},[60,84040,828],{"class":118},[60,84042,128],{"class":74},[60,84044,84045,84047,84049,84051,84053,84055],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,84046,135],{"class":134},[60,84048,122],{"class":74},[60,84050,1657],{"class":1656},[60,84052,122],{"class":74},[60,84054,828],{"class":118},[60,84056,315],{"class":74},[60,84058,84059,84061,84063,84065,84067,84069],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,84060,135],{"class":134},[60,84062,122],{"class":74},[60,84064,11097],{"class":134},[60,84066,122],{"class":74},[60,84068,828],{"class":118},[60,84070,315],{"class":74},[60,84072,84073,84075,84077,84079,84081,84083],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,84074,135],{"class":134},[60,84076,122],{"class":74},[60,84078,82400],{"class":134},[60,84080,122],{"class":74},[60,84082,828],{"class":118},[60,84084,315],{"class":74},[60,84086,84087,84089,84091,84093,84095,84097,84099,84101,84103,84105],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,84088,135],{"class":134},[60,84090,122],{"class":74},[60,84092,82400],{"class":134},[60,84094,122],{"class":74},[60,84096,828],{"class":118},[60,84098,82],{"class":74},[60,84100,26456],{"class":9110},[60,84102,71],{"class":70},[60,84104,3734],{"class":685},[60,84106,315],{"class":74},[60,84108,84109,84111,84113,84115,84117,84119,84121,84123,84125,84127,84129],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,84110,135],{"class":134},[60,84112,835],{"class":74},[60,84114,1657],{"class":1656},[60,84116,122],{"class":74},[60,84118,2139],{"class":118},[60,84120,143],{"class":74},[60,84122,3832],{"class":1537},[60,84124,3835],{"class":118},[60,84126,511],{"class":1537},[60,84128,5910],{"class":118},[60,84130,1193],{"class":74},[20,84132,84133],{},"These are useful for checking:",[30,84135,84136,84141,84146,84149],{},[33,84137,84138,84139],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,84140,828],{},[33,84142,79511,84143,84145],{},[15,84144,828],{}," is a list or some other type",[33,84147,84148],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[33,84150,84151],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,84153,69107,84154,84157,84158,84160],{},[15,84155,84156],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,84159,828],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[46,84162,1773],{"id":1772},[553,84164,5090,84166,5093],{"id":84165},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,84167,82341],{},[20,84169,84170],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[553,84172,1796,84174,84176],{"id":84173},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,84175,82341],{}," work with strings?",[20,84178,84179],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[553,84181,71406],{"id":71405},[20,84183,84184,52421,84186,84188,84189,84191],{},[15,84185,82341],{},[15,84187,40638],{}," unless you use the ",[15,84190,82696],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[553,84193,84195,84196,1435],{"id":84194},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,84197,82341],{},[20,84199,150,84200,166],{},[15,84201,83249],{},[51,84203,84204],{"className":53,"code":83177,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,84205,84206,84238],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84207,84208,84210,84212,84214,84216,84218,84220,84222,84224,84226,84228,84230,84232,84234,84236],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84209,566],{"class":66},[60,84211,71],{"class":70},[60,84213,75],{"class":74},[60,84215,256],{"class":255},[60,84217,959],{"class":259},[60,84219,256],{"class":255},[60,84221,82],{"class":74},[60,84223,267],{"class":255},[60,84225,68086],{"class":259},[60,84227,256],{"class":255},[60,84229,82],{"class":74},[60,84231,267],{"class":255},[60,84233,968],{"class":259},[60,84235,256],{"class":255},[60,84237,101],{"class":74},[60,84239,84240,84242,84244,84246,84248,84250,84252,84254,84256,84258],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,84241,135],{"class":134},[60,84243,122],{"class":74},[60,84245,82400],{"class":134},[60,84247,122],{"class":74},[60,84249,605],{"class":118},[60,84251,82],{"class":74},[60,84253,21512],{"class":9110},[60,84255,71],{"class":70},[60,84257,11097],{"class":134},[60,84259,315],{"class":74},[553,84261,5126,84263,544,84265,1435],{"id":84262},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,84264,82341],{},[15,84266,74184],{},[20,84268,84269,84271,84272,84274],{},[15,84270,82341],{}," returns one largest item. ",[15,84273,74184],{}," returns all items in order.",[46,84276,1842],{"id":1841},[30,84278,84279,84285,84291,84297,84301,84305],{},[33,84280,84281],{},[260,84282,84283,3471],{"href":83992},[15,84284,83995],{},[33,84286,84287],{},[260,84288,84289,3471],{"href":74281},[15,84290,74184],{},[33,84292,84293],{},[260,84294,84295,3471],{"href":42290},[15,84296,1878],{},[33,84298,84299],{},[260,84300,1854],{"href":1853},[33,84302,84303],{},[260,84304,65599],{"href":72638},[33,84306,84307],{},[260,84308,83822],{"href":83821},[1885,84310,84311],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":84313},[84314,84315,84317,84318,84320,84322,84324,84329,84331,84339,84341,84342,84353],{"id":1971,"depth":104,"text":1972},{"id":82531,"depth":104,"text":84316},"What max() does",{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199},{"id":82700,"depth":104,"text":84319},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":82870,"depth":104,"text":84321},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83005,"depth":104,"text":84323},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78462,"depth":104,"text":79660,"children":84325},[84326,84327,84328],{"id":83173,"depth":131,"text":83174},{"id":83262,"depth":131,"text":83263},{"id":83344,"depth":131,"text":83345},{"id":83451,"depth":104,"text":84330},"Using the default argument",{"id":47916,"depth":104,"text":47917,"children":84332},[84333,84335,84337],{"id":83609,"depth":131,"text":84334},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":83719,"depth":131,"text":84336},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":83825,"depth":131,"text":84338},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":83855,"depth":104,"text":84340},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":84343},[84344,84346,84348,84349,84351],{"id":84165,"depth":131,"text":84345},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84173,"depth":131,"text":84347},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71405,"depth":131,"text":71406},{"id":84194,"depth":131,"text":84350},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84262,"depth":131,"text":84352},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82333,"description":84354},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84361,"title":84362,"body":84363,"description":86317,"extension":1930,"meta":86318,"navigation":421,"path":86319,"seo":86320,"stem":86321,"__hash__":86322},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84364,"toc":86274},[84365,84370,84375,84381,84383,84457,84459,84472,84477,84482,84498,84502,84507,84583,84589,84592,84635,84637,84645,84651,84654,84685,84687,84695,84701,84706,84765,84767,84776,84779,84789,84795,84800,84835,84837,84845,84851,84857,84862,84906,84908,84917,84920,84960,84962,84971,84974,84986,84991,84996,85047,85049,85058,85061,85112,85114,85123,85126,85133,85139,85144,85146,85161,85165,85225,85227,85236,85240,85412,85414,85451,85458,85464,85467,85494,85496,85517,85522,85557,85559,85567,85570,85573,85589,85594,85596,85600,85606,85610,85637,85640,85650,85690,85694,85697,85740,85742,85751,85754,85759,85828,85830,85838,85843,85847,85850,85901,85903,85911,85914,85977,85979,85987,85990,85995,85999,86012,86019,86027,86029,86031,86061,86067,86168,86178,86180,86185,86188,86193,86196,86198,86206,86214,86222,86229,86237,86239,86271],[10,84366,1875,84368,3541],{"id":84367},"python-min-function-explained",[15,84369,83995],{},[20,84371,84372,84374],{},[15,84373,83995],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,84376,84377,84378,84380],{},"This page explains what ",[15,84379,83995],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[46,84382,1972],{"id":1971},[51,84384,84386],{"className":53,"code":84385,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,84387,84388,84412,84427,84431],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84389,84390,84392,84394,84396,84398,84400,84402,84404,84406,84408,84410],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84391,67],{"class":66},[60,84393,71],{"class":70},[60,84395,75],{"class":74},[60,84397,1086],{"class":78},[60,84399,82],{"class":74},[60,84401,85],{"class":78},[60,84403,82],{"class":74},[60,84405,54060],{"class":78},[60,84407,82],{"class":74},[60,84409,695],{"class":78},[60,84411,101],{"class":74},[60,84413,84414,84416,84418,84421,84423,84425],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,84415,135],{"class":134},[60,84417,122],{"class":74},[60,84419,84420],{"class":134},"min",[60,84422,122],{"class":74},[60,84424,1506],{"class":118},[60,84426,315],{"class":74},[60,84428,84429],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,84430,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,84432,84433,84435,84437,84439,84441,84443,84445,84447,84449,84451,84453,84455],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,84434,135],{"class":134},[60,84436,122],{"class":74},[60,84438,84420],{"class":134},[60,84440,122],{"class":74},[60,84442,1086],{"class":78},[60,84444,82],{"class":74},[60,84446,85],{"class":78},[60,84448,82],{"class":74},[60,84450,54060],{"class":78},[60,84452,82],{"class":74},[60,84454,695],{"class":78},[60,84456,315],{"class":74},[20,84458,318],{},[51,84460,84462],{"className":53,"code":84461,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"1\n1\n",[15,84463,84464,84468],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84465,84466],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84467,46848],{"class":78},[60,84469,84470],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,84471,46848],{"class":78},[20,84473,150,84474,84476],{},[15,84475,83995],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[46,84478,158,84480,161],{"id":84479},"what-min-does",[15,84481,83995],{},[30,84483,84484,84489,84492,84495],{},[33,84485,84486,84488],{},[15,84487,83995],{}," returns the smallest item",[33,84490,84491],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[33,84493,84494],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[33,84496,84497],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[46,84499,84501],{"id":84500},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,84503,84504,84505,166],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,84506,83995],{},[51,84508,84510],{"className":53,"code":84509,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,84511,84512,84522,84547,84565],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84513,84514,84516,84518,84520],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84515,84420],{"class":134},[60,84517,122],{"class":74},[60,84519,3675],{"class":118},[60,84521,128],{"class":74},[60,84523,84524,84526,84528,84531,84533,84536,84538,84541,84543,84545],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,84525,84420],{"class":134},[60,84527,122],{"class":74},[60,84529,84530],{"class":118},"value1",[60,84532,82],{"class":74},[60,84534,84535],{"class":118}," value2",[60,84537,82],{"class":74},[60,84539,84540],{"class":118}," value3",[60,84542,82],{"class":74},[60,84544,34387],{"class":134},[60,84546,128],{"class":74},[60,84548,84549,84551,84553,84555,84557,84559,84561,84563],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,84550,84420],{"class":134},[60,84552,122],{"class":74},[60,84554,3675],{"class":118},[60,84556,82],{"class":74},[60,84558,21512],{"class":9110},[60,84560,71],{"class":70},[60,84562,37305],{"class":134},[60,84564,128],{"class":74},[60,84566,84567,84569,84571,84573,84575,84577,84579,84581],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,84568,84420],{"class":134},[60,84570,122],{"class":74},[60,84572,3675],{"class":118},[60,84574,82],{"class":74},[60,84576,26456],{"class":9110},[60,84578,71],{"class":70},[60,84580,37305],{"class":134},[60,84582,128],{"class":74},[553,84584,84586],{"id":84585},"miniterable",[15,84587,84588],{},"min(iterable)",[20,84590,84591],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[51,84593,84595],{"className":53,"code":84594,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,84596,84597,84621],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84598,84599,84601,84603,84605,84607,84609,84611,84613,84615,84617,84619],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84600,67],{"class":66},[60,84602,71],{"class":70},[60,84604,75],{"class":74},[60,84606,2309],{"class":78},[60,84608,82],{"class":74},[60,84610,94],{"class":78},[60,84612,82],{"class":74},[60,84614,30875],{"class":78},[60,84616,82],{"class":74},[60,84618,695],{"class":78},[60,84620,101],{"class":74},[60,84622,84623,84625,84627,84629,84631,84633],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,84624,135],{"class":134},[60,84626,122],{"class":74},[60,84628,84420],{"class":134},[60,84630,122],{"class":74},[60,84632,1506],{"class":118},[60,84634,315],{"class":74},[20,84636,318],{},[51,84638,84639],{"className":53,"code":46848,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,84640,84641],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84642,84643],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84644,46848],{"class":78},[553,84646,84648],{"id":84647},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,84649,84650],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,84652,84653],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[51,84655,84657],{"className":53,"code":84656,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,84658,84659],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84660,84661,84663,84665,84667,84669,84671,84673,84675,84677,84679,84681,84683],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84662,135],{"class":134},[60,84664,122],{"class":74},[60,84666,84420],{"class":134},[60,84668,122],{"class":74},[60,84670,2309],{"class":78},[60,84672,82],{"class":74},[60,84674,94],{"class":78},[60,84676,82],{"class":74},[60,84678,30875],{"class":78},[60,84680,82],{"class":74},[60,84682,695],{"class":78},[60,84684,315],{"class":74},[20,84686,318],{},[51,84688,84689],{"className":53,"code":46848,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,84690,84691],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84692,84693],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84694,46848],{"class":78},[553,84696,84698],{"id":84697},"miniterable-key",[15,84699,84700],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,84702,150,84703,84705],{},[15,84704,14776],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[51,84707,84709],{"className":53,"code":84708,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,84710,84711,84743],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84712,84713,84715,84717,84719,84721,84723,84725,84727,84729,84731,84733,84735,84737,84739,84741],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84714,566],{"class":66},[60,84716,71],{"class":70},[60,84718,75],{"class":74},[60,84720,256],{"class":255},[60,84722,78504],{"class":259},[60,84724,256],{"class":255},[60,84726,82],{"class":74},[60,84728,267],{"class":255},[60,84730,38274],{"class":259},[60,84732,256],{"class":255},[60,84734,82],{"class":74},[60,84736,267],{"class":255},[60,84738,1392],{"class":259},[60,84740,256],{"class":255},[60,84742,101],{"class":74},[60,84744,84745,84747,84749,84751,84753,84755,84757,84759,84761,84763],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,84746,135],{"class":134},[60,84748,122],{"class":74},[60,84750,84420],{"class":134},[60,84752,122],{"class":74},[60,84754,605],{"class":118},[60,84756,82],{"class":74},[60,84758,21512],{"class":9110},[60,84760,71],{"class":70},[60,84762,11097],{"class":134},[60,84764,315],{"class":74},[20,84766,318],{},[51,84768,84770],{"className":53,"code":84769,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"kiwi\n",[15,84771,84772],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84773,84774],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84775,84769],{"class":66},[20,84777,84778],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,84780,84781,84782,84784,84785,115],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,84783,1878],{},", see the ",[260,84786,84787,3471],{"href":42290},[15,84788,1878],{},[553,84790,84792],{"id":84791},"miniterable-default",[15,84793,84794],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,84796,150,84797,84799],{},[15,84798,82696],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[51,84801,84803],{"className":53,"code":84802,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,84804,84805,84813],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84806,84807,84809,84811],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84808,67],{"class":66},[60,84810,71],{"class":70},[60,84812,7778],{"class":74},[60,84814,84815,84817,84819,84821,84823,84825,84827,84829,84831,84833],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,84816,135],{"class":134},[60,84818,122],{"class":74},[60,84820,84420],{"class":134},[60,84822,122],{"class":74},[60,84824,1506],{"class":118},[60,84826,82],{"class":74},[60,84828,26456],{"class":9110},[60,84830,71],{"class":70},[60,84832,195],{"class":78},[60,84834,315],{"class":74},[20,84836,318],{},[51,84838,84839],{"className":53,"code":1107,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,84840,84841],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84842,84843],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84844,1107],{"class":78},[20,84846,84847,84848,84850],{},"This avoids a ",[15,84849,40638],{}," when there is no item to return.",[46,84852,8356,84854,84856],{"id":84853},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,84855,83995],{}," with numbers",[20,84858,84859,84861],{},[15,84860,83995],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[51,84863,84865],{"className":53,"code":84864,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,84866,84867,84892],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84868,84869,84871,84873,84875,84877,84879,84882,84884,84886,84888,84890],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84870,5011],{"class":66},[60,84872,71],{"class":70},[60,84874,75],{"class":74},[60,84876,51431],{"class":78},[60,84878,82],{"class":74},[60,84880,84881],{"class":78}," 72",[60,84883,82],{"class":74},[60,84885,28839],{"class":78},[60,84887,82],{"class":74},[60,84889,75860],{"class":78},[60,84891,101],{"class":74},[60,84893,84894,84896,84898,84900,84902,84904],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,84895,135],{"class":134},[60,84897,122],{"class":74},[60,84899,84420],{"class":134},[60,84901,122],{"class":74},[60,84903,16324],{"class":118},[60,84905,315],{"class":74},[20,84907,318],{},[51,84909,84911],{"className":53,"code":84910,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"60\n",[15,84912,84913],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84914,84915],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84916,84910],{"class":78},[20,84918,84919],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[51,84921,84923],{"className":53,"code":84922,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,84924,84925,84946],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84926,84927,84929,84931,84933,84935,84937,84940,84942,84944],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84928,82808],{"class":66},[60,84930,71],{"class":70},[60,84932,75],{"class":74},[60,84934,40332],{"class":78},[60,84936,82],{"class":74},[60,84938,84939],{"class":78}," 5.49",[60,84941,82],{"class":74},[60,84943,82824],{"class":78},[60,84945,101],{"class":74},[60,84947,84948,84950,84952,84954,84956,84958],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,84949,135],{"class":134},[60,84951,122],{"class":74},[60,84953,84420],{"class":134},[60,84955,122],{"class":74},[60,84957,82844],{"class":118},[60,84959,315],{"class":74},[20,84961,318],{},[51,84963,84965],{"className":53,"code":84964,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"5.49\n",[15,84966,84967],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84968,84969],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84970,84964],{"class":78},[20,84972,84973],{},"This is useful for things like:",[30,84975,84976,84978,84980,84983],{},[33,84977,16324],{},[33,84979,82844],{},[33,84981,84982],{},"measurements",[33,84984,84985],{},"ages",[46,84987,8356,84989,46990],{"id":84988},"using-min-with-strings",[15,84990,83995],{},[20,84992,84993,84995],{},[15,84994,83995],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[51,84997,84999],{"className":53,"code":84998,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85000,85001,85033],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85002,85003,85005,85007,85009,85011,85013,85015,85017,85019,85021,85023,85025,85027,85029,85031],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85004,566],{"class":66},[60,85006,71],{"class":70},[60,85008,75],{"class":74},[60,85010,256],{"class":255},[60,85012,1392],{"class":259},[60,85014,256],{"class":255},[60,85016,82],{"class":74},[60,85018,267],{"class":255},[60,85020,575],{"class":259},[60,85022,256],{"class":255},[60,85024,82],{"class":74},[60,85026,267],{"class":255},[60,85028,4048],{"class":259},[60,85030,256],{"class":255},[60,85032,101],{"class":74},[60,85034,85035,85037,85039,85041,85043,85045],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,85036,135],{"class":134},[60,85038,122],{"class":74},[60,85040,84420],{"class":134},[60,85042,122],{"class":74},[60,85044,605],{"class":118},[60,85046,315],{"class":74},[20,85048,318],{},[51,85050,85052],{"className":53,"code":85051,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"apple\n",[15,85053,85054],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85055,85056],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85057,85051],{"class":66},[20,85059,85060],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[51,85062,85064],{"className":53,"code":85063,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85065,85066,85098],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85067,85068,85070,85072,85074,85076,85078,85080,85082,85084,85086,85088,85090,85092,85094,85096],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85069,566],{"class":66},[60,85071,71],{"class":70},[60,85073,75],{"class":74},[60,85075,256],{"class":255},[60,85077,1392],{"class":259},[60,85079,256],{"class":255},[60,85081,82],{"class":74},[60,85083,267],{"class":255},[60,85085,584],{"class":259},[60,85087,256],{"class":255},[60,85089,82],{"class":74},[60,85091,267],{"class":255},[60,85093,4048],{"class":259},[60,85095,256],{"class":255},[60,85097,101],{"class":74},[60,85099,85100,85102,85104,85106,85108,85110],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,85101,135],{"class":134},[60,85103,122],{"class":74},[60,85105,84420],{"class":134},[60,85107,122],{"class":74},[60,85109,605],{"class":118},[60,85111,315],{"class":74},[20,85113,318],{},[51,85115,85117],{"className":53,"code":85116,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Apple\n",[15,85118,85119],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85120,85121],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85122,85116],{"class":66},[20,85124,85125],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,85127,85128,85129,115],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[260,85130,85131,5729],{"href":74281},[15,85132,74184],{},[46,85134,8356,85136,85138],{"id":85135},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,85137,83995],{}," with a key function",[20,85140,1947,85141,85143],{},[15,85142,14776],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,85145,11394],{},[30,85147,85148,85153,85158],{},[33,85149,85150,85152],{},[15,85151,14776],{}," changes the comparison rule",[33,85154,85155,85157],{},[15,85156,83995],{}," still returns the original item",[33,85159,85160],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[553,85162,85164],{"id":85163},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[51,85166,85168],{"className":53,"code":85167,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85169,85170,85203],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85171,85172,85174,85176,85178,85180,85182,85184,85186,85188,85190,85192,85194,85196,85199,85201],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85173,566],{"class":66},[60,85175,71],{"class":70},[60,85177,75],{"class":74},[60,85179,256],{"class":255},[60,85181,68086],{"class":259},[60,85183,256],{"class":255},[60,85185,82],{"class":74},[60,85187,267],{"class":255},[60,85189,959],{"class":259},[60,85191,256],{"class":255},[60,85193,82],{"class":74},[60,85195,267],{"class":255},[60,85197,85198],{"class":259},"giraffe",[60,85200,256],{"class":255},[60,85202,101],{"class":74},[60,85204,85205,85207,85209,85211,85213,85215,85217,85219,85221,85223],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,85206,135],{"class":134},[60,85208,122],{"class":74},[60,85210,84420],{"class":134},[60,85212,122],{"class":74},[60,85214,605],{"class":118},[60,85216,82],{"class":74},[60,85218,21512],{"class":9110},[60,85220,71],{"class":70},[60,85222,11097],{"class":134},[60,85224,315],{"class":74},[20,85226,318],{},[51,85228,85230],{"className":53,"code":85229,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"cat\n",[15,85231,85232],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85233,85234],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85235,85229],{"class":66},[553,85237,85239],{"id":85238},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[51,85241,85243],{"className":53,"code":85242,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,85244,85245,85255,85290,85322,85354,85358,85362,85401],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85246,85247,85250,85252],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85248,85249],{"class":66},"students ",[60,85251,71],{"class":70},[60,85253,85254],{"class":74}," [\n",[60,85256,85257,85260,85262,85264,85266,85268,85270,85272,85274,85276,85278,85281,85283,85285,85287],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,85258,85259],{"class":74},"    {",[60,85261,256],{"class":255},[60,85263,7611],{"class":259},[60,85265,256],{"class":255},[60,85267,166],{"class":74},[60,85269,267],{"class":255},[60,85271,12817],{"class":259},[60,85273,256],{"class":255},[60,85275,82],{"class":74},[60,85277,267],{"class":255},[60,85279,85280],{"class":259},"score",[60,85282,256],{"class":255},[60,85284,166],{"class":74},[60,85286,13442],{"class":78},[60,85288,85289],{"class":74},"},\n",[60,85291,85292,85294,85296,85298,85300,85302,85304,85306,85308,85310,85312,85314,85316,85318,85320],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,85293,85259],{"class":74},[60,85295,256],{"class":255},[60,85297,7611],{"class":259},[60,85299,256],{"class":255},[60,85301,166],{"class":74},[60,85303,267],{"class":255},[60,85305,35876],{"class":259},[60,85307,256],{"class":255},[60,85309,82],{"class":74},[60,85311,267],{"class":255},[60,85313,85280],{"class":259},[60,85315,256],{"class":255},[60,85317,166],{"class":74},[60,85319,84881],{"class":78},[60,85321,85289],{"class":74},[60,85323,85324,85326,85328,85330,85332,85334,85336,85338,85340,85342,85344,85346,85348,85350,85352],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,85325,85259],{"class":74},[60,85327,256],{"class":255},[60,85329,7611],{"class":259},[60,85331,256],{"class":255},[60,85333,166],{"class":74},[60,85335,267],{"class":255},[60,85337,35885],{"class":259},[60,85339,256],{"class":255},[60,85341,82],{"class":74},[60,85343,267],{"class":255},[60,85345,85280],{"class":259},[60,85347,256],{"class":255},[60,85349,166],{"class":74},[60,85351,19832],{"class":78},[60,85353,9244],{"class":74},[60,85355,85356],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,85357,101],{"class":74},[60,85359,85360],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,85361,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,85363,85364,85367,85369,85372,85374,85377,85379,85381,85383,85385,85387,85389,85391,85393,85395,85397,85399],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,85365,85366],{"class":66},"lowest ",[60,85368,71],{"class":70},[60,85370,85371],{"class":134}," min",[60,85373,122],{"class":74},[60,85375,85376],{"class":118},"students",[60,85378,82],{"class":74},[60,85380,21512],{"class":9110},[60,85382,71],{"class":70},[60,85384,37594],{"class":2033},[60,85386,12843],{"class":37597},[60,85388,166],{"class":74},[60,85390,12843],{"class":118},[60,85392,3854],{"class":74},[60,85394,256],{"class":255},[60,85396,85280],{"class":259},[60,85398,256],{"class":255},[60,85400,1193],{"class":74},[60,85402,85403,85405,85407,85410],{"class":62,"line":6367},[60,85404,135],{"class":134},[60,85406,122],{"class":74},[60,85408,85409],{"class":118},"lowest",[60,85411,128],{"class":74},[20,85413,318],{},[51,85415,85417],{"className":53,"code":85416,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85418,85419],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85420,85421,85423,85425,85427,85429,85431,85433,85435,85437,85439,85441,85443,85445,85447,85449],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85422,9213],{"class":74},[60,85424,3261],{"class":255},[60,85426,7611],{"class":259},[60,85428,3261],{"class":255},[60,85430,166],{"class":74},[60,85432,3256],{"class":255},[60,85434,35876],{"class":259},[60,85436,3261],{"class":255},[60,85438,82],{"class":74},[60,85440,3256],{"class":255},[60,85442,85280],{"class":259},[60,85444,3261],{"class":255},[60,85446,166],{"class":74},[60,85448,84881],{"class":78},[60,85450,9244],{"class":74},[20,85452,85453,85454,85457],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85455,85456],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[46,85459,8356,85461,85463],{"id":85460},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,85462,82696],{}," with empty iterables",[20,85465,85466],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[51,85468,85470],{"className":53,"code":85469,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85471,85472,85480],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85473,85474,85476,85478],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85475,67],{"class":66},[60,85477,71],{"class":70},[60,85479,7778],{"class":74},[60,85481,85482,85484,85486,85488,85490,85492],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,85483,135],{"class":134},[60,85485,122],{"class":74},[60,85487,84420],{"class":134},[60,85489,122],{"class":74},[60,85491,1506],{"class":118},[60,85493,315],{"class":74},[20,85495,318],{},[51,85497,85499],{"className":53,"code":85498,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,85500,85501],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85502,85503,85505,85507,85509,85511,85513,85515],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85504,40638],{"class":1656},[60,85506,166],{"class":74},[60,85508,85371],{"class":134},[60,85510,7308],{"class":74},[60,85512,83666],{"class":66},[60,85514,12130],{"class":70},[60,85516,83671],{"class":66},[20,85518,85519,85520,166],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,85521,82696],{},[51,85523,85525],{"className":53,"code":85524,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,85526,85527,85535],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85528,85529,85531,85533],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85530,67],{"class":66},[60,85532,71],{"class":70},[60,85534,7778],{"class":74},[60,85536,85537,85539,85541,85543,85545,85547,85549,85551,85553,85555],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,85538,135],{"class":134},[60,85540,122],{"class":74},[60,85542,84420],{"class":134},[60,85544,122],{"class":74},[60,85546,1506],{"class":118},[60,85548,82],{"class":74},[60,85550,26456],{"class":9110},[60,85552,71],{"class":70},[60,85554,3734],{"class":685},[60,85556,315],{"class":74},[20,85558,318],{},[51,85560,85561],{"className":53,"code":11745,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,85562,85563],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85564,85565],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85566,11745],{"class":685},[20,85568,85569],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,85571,85572],{},"Remember:",[30,85574,85575,85583],{},[33,85576,85577,85579,85580,85582],{},[15,85578,82696],{}," works only when ",[15,85581,83995],{}," gets one iterable argument",[33,85584,85585,85586],{},"It does not work with ",[15,85587,85588],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,85590,85591,85592,115],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[260,85593,65599],{"href":72638},[46,85595,10680],{"id":10679},[20,85597,56697,85598,115],{},[15,85599,83995],{},[553,85601,85603,85604],{"id":85602},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,85605,82696],{},[20,85607,2961,85608,166],{},[15,85609,40638],{},[51,85611,85613],{"className":53,"code":85612,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,85614,85615,85623],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85616,85617,85619,85621],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85618,777],{"class":66},[60,85620,71],{"class":70},[60,85622,7778],{"class":74},[60,85624,85625,85627,85629,85631,85633,85635],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,85626,135],{"class":134},[60,85628,122],{"class":74},[60,85630,84420],{"class":134},[60,85632,122],{"class":74},[60,85634,828],{"class":118},[60,85636,315],{"class":74},[20,85638,85639],{},"Fix it by:",[30,85641,85642,85645],{},[33,85643,85644],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[33,85646,85647,85648],{},"or using ",[15,85649,82696],{},[51,85651,85653],{"className":53,"code":85652,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,85654,85655,85663],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85656,85657,85659,85661],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85658,777],{"class":66},[60,85660,71],{"class":70},[60,85662,7778],{"class":74},[60,85664,85665,85667,85669,85671,85673,85675,85677,85679,85681,85683,85686,85688],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,85666,135],{"class":134},[60,85668,122],{"class":74},[60,85670,84420],{"class":134},[60,85672,122],{"class":74},[60,85674,828],{"class":118},[60,85676,82],{"class":74},[60,85678,26456],{"class":9110},[60,85680,71],{"class":70},[60,85682,256],{"class":255},[60,85684,85685],{"class":259},"no items",[60,85687,256],{"class":255},[60,85689,315],{"class":74},[553,85691,85693],{"id":85692},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,85695,85696],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[51,85698,85700],{"className":53,"code":85699,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,85701,85702,85726],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85703,85704,85706,85708,85710,85712,85714,85716,85718,85720,85722,85724],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85705,1127],{"class":66},[60,85707,71],{"class":70},[60,85709,75],{"class":74},[60,85711,873],{"class":78},[60,85713,82],{"class":74},[60,85715,267],{"class":255},[60,85717,15689],{"class":259},[60,85719,256],{"class":255},[60,85721,82],{"class":74},[60,85723,4555],{"class":78},[60,85725,101],{"class":74},[60,85727,85728,85730,85732,85734,85736,85738],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,85729,135],{"class":134},[60,85731,122],{"class":74},[60,85733,84420],{"class":134},[60,85735,122],{"class":74},[60,85737,9139],{"class":118},[60,85739,315],{"class":74},[20,85741,318],{},[51,85743,85745],{"className":53,"code":85744,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"TypeError\n",[15,85746,85747],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85748,85749],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85750,85744],{"class":1656},[20,85752,85753],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,85755,85756,85757,115],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,85758,83995],{},[51,85760,85762],{"className":53,"code":85761,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85763,85764,85788,85814],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85765,85766,85768,85770,85772,85774,85776,85778,85780,85782,85784,85786],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85767,1127],{"class":66},[60,85769,71],{"class":70},[60,85771,75],{"class":74},[60,85773,873],{"class":78},[60,85775,82],{"class":74},[60,85777,267],{"class":255},[60,85779,15689],{"class":259},[60,85781,256],{"class":255},[60,85783,82],{"class":74},[60,85785,4555],{"class":78},[60,85787,101],{"class":74},[60,85789,85790,85792,85794,85796,85798,85800,85802,85804,85806,85808,85810,85812],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,85791,67],{"class":66},[60,85793,71],{"class":70},[60,85795,75],{"class":74},[60,85797,345],{"class":1656},[60,85799,122],{"class":74},[60,85801,2139],{"class":118},[60,85803,143],{"class":74},[60,85805,3832],{"class":1537},[60,85807,3835],{"class":66},[60,85809,511],{"class":1537},[60,85811,1178],{"class":66},[60,85813,101],{"class":74},[60,85815,85816,85818,85820,85822,85824,85826],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,85817,135],{"class":134},[60,85819,122],{"class":74},[60,85821,84420],{"class":134},[60,85823,122],{"class":74},[60,85825,1506],{"class":118},[60,85827,315],{"class":74},[20,85829,318],{},[51,85831,85832],{"className":53,"code":2907,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,85833,85834],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85835,85836],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85837,2907],{"class":78},[20,85839,85840,85841,115],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,85842,2964],{},[553,85844,85846],{"id":85845},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,85848,85849],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[51,85851,85853],{"className":53,"code":85852,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85854,85855,85887],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85856,85857,85859,85861,85863,85865,85867,85869,85871,85873,85875,85877,85879,85881,85883,85885],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85858,566],{"class":66},[60,85860,71],{"class":70},[60,85862,75],{"class":74},[60,85864,256],{"class":255},[60,85866,79320],{"class":259},[60,85868,256],{"class":255},[60,85870,82],{"class":74},[60,85872,267],{"class":255},[60,85874,584],{"class":259},[60,85876,256],{"class":255},[60,85878,82],{"class":74},[60,85880,267],{"class":255},[60,85882,79337],{"class":259},[60,85884,256],{"class":255},[60,85886,101],{"class":74},[60,85888,85889,85891,85893,85895,85897,85899],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,85890,135],{"class":134},[60,85892,122],{"class":74},[60,85894,84420],{"class":134},[60,85896,122],{"class":74},[60,85898,605],{"class":118},[60,85900,315],{"class":74},[20,85902,318],{},[51,85904,85905],{"className":53,"code":85116,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,85906,85907],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85908,85909],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85910,85116],{"class":66},[20,85912,85913],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[51,85915,85917],{"className":53,"code":85916,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,85918,85919,85951],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85920,85921,85923,85925,85927,85929,85931,85933,85935,85937,85939,85941,85943,85945,85947,85949],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85922,566],{"class":66},[60,85924,71],{"class":70},[60,85926,75],{"class":74},[60,85928,256],{"class":255},[60,85930,79320],{"class":259},[60,85932,256],{"class":255},[60,85934,82],{"class":74},[60,85936,267],{"class":255},[60,85938,584],{"class":259},[60,85940,256],{"class":255},[60,85942,82],{"class":74},[60,85944,267],{"class":255},[60,85946,79337],{"class":259},[60,85948,256],{"class":255},[60,85950,101],{"class":74},[60,85952,85953,85955,85957,85959,85961,85963,85965,85967,85969,85971,85973,85975],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,85954,135],{"class":134},[60,85956,122],{"class":74},[60,85958,84420],{"class":134},[60,85960,122],{"class":74},[60,85962,605],{"class":118},[60,85964,82],{"class":74},[60,85966,21512],{"class":9110},[60,85968,71],{"class":70},[60,85970,3405],{"class":1656},[60,85972,115],{"class":74},[60,85974,8576],{"class":24682},[60,85976,315],{"class":74},[20,85978,318],{},[51,85980,85981],{"className":53,"code":85116,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,85982,85983],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85984,85985],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85986,85116],{"class":66},[20,85988,85989],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[46,85991,1221,85993],{"id":85992},"when-to-use-min",[15,85994,83995],{},[20,85996,150,85997,10537],{},[15,85998,83995],{},[30,86000,86001,86004,86009],{},[33,86002,86003],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[33,86005,86006,86007],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,86008,14776],{},[33,86010,86011],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,86013,150,86014,86018],{},[260,86015,86016],{"href":74281},[15,86017,74184],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,86020,150,86021,86026],{},[260,86022,86024],{"href":86023},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,86025,82341],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[46,86028,1351],{"id":1350},[20,86030,84000],{},[30,86032,86033,86041,86044,86049,86056],{},[33,86034,86035,86036,86038,86039],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,86037,83995],{}," without using ",[15,86040,82696],{},[33,86042,86043],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[33,86045,1454,86046,86048],{},[15,86047,83995],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[33,86050,4655,86051,86053,86054,85157],{},[15,86052,14776],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,86055,83995],{},[33,86057,8356,86058,86060],{},[15,86059,82696],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,86062,86063,86064,86066],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,86065,83995],{},", these quick checks can help:",[51,86068,86070],{"className":53,"code":86069,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,86071,86072,86086,86096,86110,86124,86146],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,86073,86074,86076,86078,86080,86082,86084],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,86075,135],{"class":134},[60,86077,122],{"class":74},[60,86079,1657],{"class":1656},[60,86081,122],{"class":74},[60,86083,9139],{"class":118},[60,86085,315],{"class":74},[60,86087,86088,86090,86092,86094],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,86089,135],{"class":134},[60,86091,122],{"class":74},[60,86093,9139],{"class":118},[60,86095,128],{"class":74},[60,86097,86098,86100,86102,86104,86106,86108],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,86099,135],{"class":134},[60,86101,122],{"class":74},[60,86103,11097],{"class":134},[60,86105,122],{"class":74},[60,86107,9139],{"class":118},[60,86109,315],{"class":74},[60,86111,86112,86114,86116,86118,86120,86122],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,86113,135],{"class":134},[60,86115,122],{"class":74},[60,86117,84420],{"class":134},[60,86119,122],{"class":74},[60,86121,9139],{"class":118},[60,86123,315],{"class":74},[60,86125,86126,86128,86130,86132,86134,86136,86138,86140,86142,86144],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,86127,135],{"class":134},[60,86129,122],{"class":74},[60,86131,84420],{"class":134},[60,86133,122],{"class":74},[60,86135,9139],{"class":118},[60,86137,82],{"class":74},[60,86139,26456],{"class":9110},[60,86141,71],{"class":70},[60,86143,3734],{"class":685},[60,86145,315],{"class":74},[60,86147,86148,86150,86152,86154,86156,86158,86160,86162,86164,86166],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,86149,135],{"class":134},[60,86151,122],{"class":74},[60,86153,84420],{"class":134},[60,86155,122],{"class":74},[60,86157,605],{"class":118},[60,86159,82],{"class":74},[60,86161,21512],{"class":9110},[60,86163,71],{"class":70},[60,86165,11097],{"class":134},[60,86167,315],{"class":74},[20,86169,86170,86171,86174,86175,86177],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,86172,86173],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,86176,9139],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[46,86179,1773],{"id":1772},[553,86181,5090,86183,5093],{"id":86182},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,86184,83995],{},[20,86186,86187],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[553,86189,1796,86191,84176],{"id":86190},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,86192,83995],{},[20,86194,86195],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[553,86197,71406],{"id":71405},[20,86199,86200,52421,86202,84188,86204,36556],{},[15,86201,83995],{},[15,86203,40638],{},[15,86205,82696],{},[553,86207,5090,86209,86211,86212,1435],{"id":86208},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,86210,14776],{}," do in ",[15,86213,83995],{},[20,86215,86216,86218,86219,86221],{},[15,86217,14776],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,86220,83249],{}," compares strings by length.",[553,86223,5126,86225,544,86227,1435],{"id":86224},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,86226,83995],{},[15,86228,74184],{},[20,86230,86231,86233,86234,86236],{},[15,86232,83995],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,86235,74184],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[46,86238,1842],{"id":1841},[30,86240,86241,86247,86253,86259,86263,86267],{},[33,86242,86243],{},[260,86244,86245,3471],{"href":86023},[15,86246,82341],{},[33,86248,86249],{},[260,86250,86251,3471],{"href":74281},[15,86252,74184],{},[33,86254,86255],{},[260,86256,86257,3471],{"href":42290},[15,86258,1878],{},[33,86260,86261],{},[260,86262,79633],{"href":78136},[33,86264,86265],{},[260,86266,1854],{"href":1853},[33,86268,86269],{},[260,86270,65599],{"href":72638},[1885,86272,86273],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":86275},[86276,86277,86279,86285,86287,86289,86294,86296,86302,86304,86305,86316],{"id":1971,"depth":104,"text":1972},{"id":84479,"depth":104,"text":86278},"What min() does",{"id":84500,"depth":104,"text":84501,"children":86280},[86281,86282,86283,86284],{"id":84585,"depth":131,"text":84588},{"id":84647,"depth":131,"text":84650},{"id":84697,"depth":131,"text":84700},{"id":84791,"depth":131,"text":84794},{"id":84853,"depth":104,"text":86286},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":84988,"depth":104,"text":86288},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85135,"depth":104,"text":86290,"children":86291},"Using min() with a key function",[86292,86293],{"id":85163,"depth":131,"text":85164},{"id":85238,"depth":131,"text":85239},{"id":85460,"depth":104,"text":86295},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10679,"depth":104,"text":10680,"children":86297},[86298,86300,86301],{"id":85602,"depth":131,"text":86299},"Empty list without default",{"id":85692,"depth":131,"text":85693},{"id":85845,"depth":131,"text":85846},{"id":85992,"depth":104,"text":86303},"When to use min()",{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":86306},[86307,86309,86311,86312,86314],{"id":86182,"depth":131,"text":86308},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86190,"depth":131,"text":86310},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71405,"depth":131,"text":71406},{"id":86208,"depth":131,"text":86313},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86224,"depth":131,"text":86315},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84362,"description":86317},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86324,"title":86325,"body":86326,"description":88505,"extension":1930,"meta":88506,"navigation":421,"path":88507,"seo":88508,"stem":88509,"__hash__":88510},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86327,"toc":88469},[86328,86331,86337,86343,86345,86426,86435,86439,86444,86446,86491,86493,86573,86579,86581,86584,86616,86618,86636,86638,86711,86713,86732,86736,86739,86775,86777,86844,86918,86991,86996,87000,87006,87009,87026,87029,87031,87092,87094,87114,87120,87124,87127,87197,87200,87219,87224,87300,87303,87307,87313,87317,87322,87392,87396,87401,87475,87479,87482,87557,87568,87572,87577,87667,87672,87740,87743,87762,87773,87777,87780,87785,87788,87850,87853,87864,87869,87872,87875,87880,87883,87886,87890,87893,87899,87902,87913,87915,87977,87992,87998,88001,88004,88015,88026,88032,88035,88037,88099,88109,88115,88120,88126,88130,88136,88139,88160,88162,88167,88194,88197,88224,88227,88266,88269,88307,88310,88371,88374,88376,88380,88383,88387,88393,88401,88409,88413,88416,88420,88426,88428,88466],[10,86329,86325],{"id":86330},"python-open-function-explained",[20,86332,86333,86336],{},[15,86334,86335],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,86338,86339,86340,86342],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,86341,86335],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[46,86344,1972],{"id":1971},[51,86346,86348],{"className":53,"code":86347,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,86349,86350,86399,86415],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,86351,86352,86355,86358,86360,86362,86365,86367,86369,86371,86373,86375,86377,86380,86382,86384,86387,86389,86391,86393,86397],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,86353,86354],{"class":1537},"with",[60,86356,86357],{"class":134}," open",[60,86359,122],{"class":74},[60,86361,256],{"class":255},[60,86363,86364],{"class":259},"example.txt",[60,86366,256],{"class":255},[60,86368,82],{"class":74},[60,86370,267],{"class":255},[60,86372,60264],{"class":259},[60,86374,256],{"class":255},[60,86376,82],{"class":74},[60,86378,86379],{"class":9110}," encoding",[60,86381,71],{"class":70},[60,86383,256],{"class":255},[60,86385,86386],{"class":259},"utf-8",[60,86388,256],{"class":255},[60,86390,143],{"class":74},[60,86392,47288],{"class":1537},[60,86394,86396],{"class":86395},"sMMDD"," file",[60,86398,1712],{"class":74},[60,86400,86401,86404,86406,86408,86410,86413],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,86402,86403],{"class":66},"    content ",[60,86405,71],{"class":70},[60,86407,86396],{"class":86395},[60,86409,115],{"class":74},[60,86411,86412],{"class":118},"read",[60,86414,8579],{"class":74},[60,86416,86417,86419,86421,86424],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,86418,1718],{"class":134},[60,86420,122],{"class":74},[60,86422,86423],{"class":118},"content",[60,86425,128],{"class":74},[20,86427,150,86428,86430,86431,86434],{},[15,86429,86354],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86432,86433],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[46,86436,86438],{"id":86437},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,86440,86441,86443],{},[15,86442,86335],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,86445,11394],{},[30,86447,86448,86451,86456,86461],{},[33,86449,86450],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[33,86452,40840,86453,86455],{},[3698,86454,4581],{}," read or write anything by itself",[33,86457,17357,86458],{},[3698,86459,86460],{},"file object",[33,86462,86463,86464],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[30,86465,86466,86471,86476,86481,86486],{},[33,86467,86468],{},[15,86469,86470],{},"read()",[33,86472,86473],{},[15,86474,86475],{},"readline()",[33,86477,86478],{},[15,86479,86480],{},"readlines()",[33,86482,86483],{},[15,86484,86485],{},"write()",[33,86487,86488],{},[15,86489,86490],{},"close()",[20,86492,238],{},[51,86494,86496],{"className":53,"code":86495,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86497,86498,86537,86552,86562],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,86499,86500,86503,86505,86507,86509,86511,86513,86515,86517,86519,86521,86523,86525,86527,86529,86531,86533,86535],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,86501,86502],{"class":86395},"file",[60,86504,13211],{"class":70},[60,86506,86357],{"class":134},[60,86508,122],{"class":74},[60,86510,256],{"class":255},[60,86512,86364],{"class":259},[60,86514,256],{"class":255},[60,86516,82],{"class":74},[60,86518,267],{"class":255},[60,86520,60264],{"class":259},[60,86522,256],{"class":255},[60,86524,82],{"class":74},[60,86526,86379],{"class":9110},[60,86528,71],{"class":70},[60,86530,256],{"class":255},[60,86532,86386],{"class":259},[60,86534,256],{"class":255},[60,86536,128],{"class":74},[60,86538,86539,86542,86544,86546,86548,86550],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,86540,86541],{"class":66},"content ",[60,86543,71],{"class":70},[60,86545,86396],{"class":86395},[60,86547,115],{"class":74},[60,86549,86412],{"class":118},[60,86551,8579],{"class":74},[60,86553,86554,86556,86558,86560],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,86555,135],{"class":134},[60,86557,122],{"class":74},[60,86559,86423],{"class":118},[60,86561,128],{"class":74},[60,86563,86564,86566,86568,86571],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,86565,86502],{"class":86395},[60,86567,115],{"class":74},[60,86569,86570],{"class":118},"close",[60,86572,8579],{"class":74},[20,86574,86575,86576,86578],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,86577,86354],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[46,86580,199],{"id":198},[20,86582,86583],{},"A common form is:",[51,86585,86587],{"className":53,"code":86586,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,86588,86589],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,86590,86591,86593,86595,86597,86599,86602,86604,86606,86608,86610,86612,86614],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,86592,42358],{"class":134},[60,86594,122],{"class":74},[60,86596,86502],{"class":86395},[60,86598,82],{"class":74},[60,86600,86601],{"class":118}," mode",[60,86603,82],{"class":74},[60,86605,86379],{"class":9110},[60,86607,71],{"class":70},[60,86609,256],{"class":255},[60,86611,86386],{"class":259},[60,86613,256],{"class":255},[60,86615,128],{"class":74},[20,86617,64805],{},[30,86619,86620,86625,86630],{},[33,86621,86622,86624],{},[15,86623,86502],{}," is the file name or file path",[33,86626,86627,86629],{},[15,86628,20852],{}," controls how the file is opened",[33,86631,86632,86635],{},[15,86633,86634],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,86637,238],{},[51,86639,86641],{"className":53,"code":86640,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,86642,86643,86686,86701],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,86644,86645,86647,86649,86651,86653,86656,86658,86660,86662,86664,86666,86668,86670,86672,86674,86676,86678,86680,86682,86684],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,86646,86354],{"class":1537},[60,86648,86357],{"class":134},[60,86650,122],{"class":74},[60,86652,256],{"class":255},[60,86654,86655],{"class":259},"notes.txt",[60,86657,256],{"class":255},[60,86659,82],{"class":74},[60,86661,267],{"class":255},[60,86663,60264],{"class":259},[60,86665,256],{"class":255},[60,86667,82],{"class":74},[60,86669,86379],{"class":9110},[60,86671,71],{"class":70},[60,86673,256],{"class":255},[60,86675,86386],{"class":259},[60,86677,256],{"class":255},[60,86679,143],{"class":74},[60,86681,47288],{"class":1537},[60,86683,86396],{"class":86395},[60,86685,1712],{"class":74},[60,86687,86688,86691,86693,86695,86697,86699],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,86689,86690],{"class":66},"    text ",[60,86692,71],{"class":70},[60,86694,86396],{"class":86395},[60,86696,115],{"class":74},[60,86698,86412],{"class":118},[60,86700,8579],{"class":74},[60,86702,86703,86705,86707,86709],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,86704,1718],{"class":134},[60,86706,122],{"class":74},[60,86708,34642],{"class":118},[60,86710,128],{"class":74},[20,86712,19891],{},[30,86714,86715,86721,86726],{},[33,86716,86717,86720],{},[15,86718,86719],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[33,86722,86723,86725],{},[15,86724,86433],{}," means open for reading",[33,86727,86728,86731],{},[15,86729,86730],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[46,86733,86735],{"id":86734},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,86737,86738],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[30,86740,86741,86746,86752,86757,86763,86769],{},[33,86742,86743,86745],{},[15,86744,86433],{}," = read a text file",[33,86747,86748,86751],{},[15,86749,86750],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[33,86753,86754,86756],{},[15,86755,18029],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[33,86758,86759,86762],{},[15,86760,86761],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[33,86764,86765,86768],{},[15,86766,86767],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[33,86770,86771,86774],{},[15,86772,86773],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,86776,2093],{},[51,86778,86780],{"className":53,"code":86779,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,86781,86782,86787,86830],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,86783,86784],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,86785,86786],{"class":146},"# Read a text file\n",[60,86788,86789,86791,86793,86795,86797,86800,86802,86804,86806,86808,86810,86812,86814,86816,86818,86820,86822,86824,86826,86828],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,86790,86354],{"class":1537},[60,86792,86357],{"class":134},[60,86794,122],{"class":74},[60,86796,256],{"class":255},[60,86798,86799],{"class":259},"data.txt",[60,86801,256],{"class":255},[60,86803,82],{"class":74},[60,86805,267],{"class":255},[60,86807,60264],{"class":259},[60,86809,256],{"class":255},[60,86811,82],{"class":74},[60,86813,86379],{"class":9110},[60,86815,71],{"class":70},[60,86817,256],{"class":255},[60,86819,86386],{"class":259},[60,86821,256],{"class":255},[60,86823,143],{"class":74},[60,86825,47288],{"class":1537},[60,86827,86396],{"class":86395},[60,86829,1712],{"class":74},[60,86831,86832,86834,86836,86838,86840,86842],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,86833,1718],{"class":134},[60,86835,122],{"class":74},[60,86837,86502],{"class":86395},[60,86839,115],{"class":74},[60,86841,86412],{"class":118},[60,86843,7136],{"class":74},[51,86845,86847],{"className":53,"code":86846,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,86848,86849,86854,86896],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,86850,86851],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,86852,86853],{"class":146},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[60,86855,86856,86858,86860,86862,86864,86866,86868,86870,86872,86874,86876,86878,86880,86882,86884,86886,86888,86890,86892,86894],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,86857,86354],{"class":1537},[60,86859,86357],{"class":134},[60,86861,122],{"class":74},[60,86863,256],{"class":255},[60,86865,86799],{"class":259},[60,86867,256],{"class":255},[60,86869,82],{"class":74},[60,86871,267],{"class":255},[60,86873,60247],{"class":259},[60,86875,256],{"class":255},[60,86877,82],{"class":74},[60,86879,86379],{"class":9110},[60,86881,71],{"class":70},[60,86883,256],{"class":255},[60,86885,86386],{"class":259},[60,86887,256],{"class":255},[60,86889,143],{"class":74},[60,86891,47288],{"class":1537},[60,86893,86396],{"class":86395},[60,86895,1712],{"class":74},[60,86897,86898,86901,86903,86905,86907,86909,86911,86914,86916],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,86899,86900],{"class":86395},"    file",[60,86902,115],{"class":74},[60,86904,69955],{"class":118},[60,86906,122],{"class":74},[60,86908,256],{"class":255},[60,86910,34801],{"class":259},[60,86912,86913],{"class":34386},"\\n",[60,86915,256],{"class":255},[60,86917,128],{"class":74},[51,86919,86921],{"className":53,"code":86920,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,86922,86923,86928,86970],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,86924,86925],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,86926,86927],{"class":146},"# Append to a text file\n",[60,86929,86930,86932,86934,86936,86938,86940,86942,86944,86946,86948,86950,86952,86954,86956,86958,86960,86962,86964,86966,86968],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,86931,86354],{"class":1537},[60,86933,86357],{"class":134},[60,86935,122],{"class":74},[60,86937,256],{"class":255},[60,86939,86799],{"class":259},[60,86941,256],{"class":255},[60,86943,82],{"class":74},[60,86945,267],{"class":255},[60,86947,260],{"class":259},[60,86949,256],{"class":255},[60,86951,82],{"class":74},[60,86953,86379],{"class":9110},[60,86955,71],{"class":70},[60,86957,256],{"class":255},[60,86959,86386],{"class":259},[60,86961,256],{"class":255},[60,86963,143],{"class":74},[60,86965,47288],{"class":1537},[60,86967,86396],{"class":86395},[60,86969,1712],{"class":74},[60,86971,86972,86974,86976,86978,86980,86982,86985,86987,86989],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,86973,86900],{"class":86395},[60,86975,115],{"class":74},[60,86977,69955],{"class":118},[60,86979,122],{"class":74},[60,86981,256],{"class":255},[60,86983,86984],{"class":259},"Another line",[60,86986,86913],{"class":34386},[60,86988,256],{"class":255},[60,86990,128],{"class":74},[20,86992,69107,86993,86995],{},[15,86994,86750],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[46,86997,86999],{"id":86998},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,87001,87002,21908,87004,115],{},[15,87003,86335],{},[3698,87005,86460],{},[20,87007,87008],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[30,87010,87011,87016,87021],{},[33,87012,87013],{},[15,87014,87015],{},"file.read()",[33,87017,87018],{},[15,87019,87020],{},"file.write()",[33,87022,87023],{},[15,87024,87025],{},"file.close()",[20,87027,87028],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,87030,238],{},[51,87032,87034],{"className":53,"code":87033,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,87035,87036,87078],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,87037,87038,87040,87042,87044,87046,87048,87050,87052,87054,87056,87058,87060,87062,87064,87066,87068,87070,87072,87074,87076],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,87039,86354],{"class":1537},[60,87041,86357],{"class":134},[60,87043,122],{"class":74},[60,87045,256],{"class":255},[60,87047,86364],{"class":259},[60,87049,256],{"class":255},[60,87051,82],{"class":74},[60,87053,267],{"class":255},[60,87055,60264],{"class":259},[60,87057,256],{"class":255},[60,87059,82],{"class":74},[60,87061,86379],{"class":9110},[60,87063,71],{"class":70},[60,87065,256],{"class":255},[60,87067,86386],{"class":259},[60,87069,256],{"class":255},[60,87071,143],{"class":74},[60,87073,47288],{"class":1537},[60,87075,86396],{"class":86395},[60,87077,1712],{"class":74},[60,87079,87080,87082,87084,87086,87088,87090],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,87081,1718],{"class":134},[60,87083,122],{"class":74},[60,87085,1657],{"class":1656},[60,87087,122],{"class":74},[60,87089,86502],{"class":86395},[60,87091,315],{"class":74},[20,87093,29961],{},[51,87095,87097],{"className":53,"code":87096,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,87098,87099],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,87100,87101,87103,87105,87107,87110,87112],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,87102,3250],{"class":70},[60,87104,3253],{"class":2033},[60,87106,3256],{"class":255},[60,87108,87109],{"class":259},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[60,87111,3261],{"class":255},[60,87113,3264],{"class":70},[20,87115,87116,87117,87119],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,87118,86335],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[46,87121,87123],{"id":87122},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,87125,87126],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[51,87128,87129],{"className":53,"code":86347,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,87130,87131,87173,87187],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,87132,87133,87135,87137,87139,87141,87143,87145,87147,87149,87151,87153,87155,87157,87159,87161,87163,87165,87167,87169,87171],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,87134,86354],{"class":1537},[60,87136,86357],{"class":134},[60,87138,122],{"class":74},[60,87140,256],{"class":255},[60,87142,86364],{"class":259},[60,87144,256],{"class":255},[60,87146,82],{"class":74},[60,87148,267],{"class":255},[60,87150,60264],{"class":259},[60,87152,256],{"class":255},[60,87154,82],{"class":74},[60,87156,86379],{"class":9110},[60,87158,71],{"class":70},[60,87160,256],{"class":255},[60,87162,86386],{"class":259},[60,87164,256],{"class":255},[60,87166,143],{"class":74},[60,87168,47288],{"class":1537},[60,87170,86396],{"class":86395},[60,87172,1712],{"class":74},[60,87174,87175,87177,87179,87181,87183,87185],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,87176,86403],{"class":66},[60,87178,71],{"class":70},[60,87180,86396],{"class":86395},[60,87182,115],{"class":74},[60,87184,86412],{"class":118},[60,87186,8579],{"class":74},[60,87188,87189,87191,87193,87195],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,87190,1718],{"class":134},[60,87192,122],{"class":74},[60,87194,86423],{"class":118},[60,87196,128],{"class":74},[20,87198,87199],{},"Why this is recommended:",[30,87201,87202,87207,87213,87216],{},[33,87203,87204,87206],{},[15,87205,86354],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[33,87208,87209,87210,87212],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,87211,86490],{}," yourself",[33,87214,87215],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[33,87217,87218],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,87220,83512,87221,87223],{},[15,87222,86354],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[51,87225,87226],{"className":53,"code":86495,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,87227,87228,87266,87280,87290],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,87229,87230,87232,87234,87236,87238,87240,87242,87244,87246,87248,87250,87252,87254,87256,87258,87260,87262,87264],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,87231,86502],{"class":86395},[60,87233,13211],{"class":70},[60,87235,86357],{"class":134},[60,87237,122],{"class":74},[60,87239,256],{"class":255},[60,87241,86364],{"class":259},[60,87243,256],{"class":255},[60,87245,82],{"class":74},[60,87247,267],{"class":255},[60,87249,60264],{"class":259},[60,87251,256],{"class":255},[60,87253,82],{"class":74},[60,87255,86379],{"class":9110},[60,87257,71],{"class":70},[60,87259,256],{"class":255},[60,87261,86386],{"class":259},[60,87263,256],{"class":255},[60,87265,128],{"class":74},[60,87267,87268,87270,87272,87274,87276,87278],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,87269,86541],{"class":66},[60,87271,71],{"class":70},[60,87273,86396],{"class":86395},[60,87275,115],{"class":74},[60,87277,86412],{"class":118},[60,87279,8579],{"class":74},[60,87281,87282,87284,87286,87288],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,87283,135],{"class":134},[60,87285,122],{"class":74},[60,87287,86423],{"class":118},[60,87289,128],{"class":74},[60,87291,87292,87294,87296,87298],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,87293,86502],{"class":86395},[60,87295,115],{"class":74},[60,87297,86570],{"class":118},[60,87299,8579],{"class":74},[20,87301,87302],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[46,87304,87306],{"id":87305},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,87308,87309,87310,87312],{},"Use mode ",[15,87311,86433],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[553,87314,87316],{"id":87315},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,87318,87319,87321],{},[15,87320,86470],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[51,87323,87324],{"className":53,"code":86347,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,87325,87326,87368,87382],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,87327,87328,87330,87332,87334,87336,87338,87340,87342,87344,87346,87348,87350,87352,87354,87356,87358,87360,87362,87364,87366],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,87329,86354],{"class":1537},[60,87331,86357],{"class":134},[60,87333,122],{"class":74},[60,87335,256],{"class":255},[60,87337,86364],{"class":259},[60,87339,256],{"class":255},[60,87341,82],{"class":74},[60,87343,267],{"class":255},[60,87345,60264],{"class":259},[60,87347,256],{"class":255},[60,87349,82],{"class":74},[60,87351,86379],{"class":9110},[60,87353,71],{"class":70},[60,87355,256],{"class":255},[60,87357,86386],{"class":259},[60,87359,256],{"class":255},[60,87361,143],{"class":74},[60,87363,47288],{"class":1537},[60,87365,86396],{"class":86395},[60,87367,1712],{"class":74},[60,87369,87370,87372,87374,87376,87378,87380],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,87371,86403],{"class":66},[60,87373,71],{"class":70},[60,87375,86396],{"class":86395},[60,87377,115],{"class":74},[60,87379,86412],{"class":118},[60,87381,8579],{"class":74},[60,87383,87384,87386,87388,87390],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,87385,1718],{"class":134},[60,87387,122],{"class":74},[60,87389,86423],{"class":118},[60,87391,128],{"class":74},[553,87393,87395],{"id":87394},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,87397,87398,87400],{},[15,87399,86475],{}," reads one line at a time.",[51,87402,87404],{"className":53,"code":87403,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87405,87406,87448,87464],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,87407,87408,87410,87412,87414,87416,87418,87420,87422,87424,87426,87428,87430,87432,87434,87436,87438,87440,87442,87444,87446],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,87409,86354],{"class":1537},[60,87411,86357],{"class":134},[60,87413,122],{"class":74},[60,87415,256],{"class":255},[60,87417,86364],{"class":259},[60,87419,256],{"class":255},[60,87421,82],{"class":74},[60,87423,267],{"class":255},[60,87425,60264],{"class":259},[60,87427,256],{"class":255},[60,87429,82],{"class":74},[60,87431,86379],{"class":9110},[60,87433,71],{"class":70},[60,87435,256],{"class":255},[60,87437,86386],{"class":259},[60,87439,256],{"class":255},[60,87441,143],{"class":74},[60,87443,47288],{"class":1537},[60,87445,86396],{"class":86395},[60,87447,1712],{"class":74},[60,87449,87450,87453,87455,87457,87459,87462],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,87451,87452],{"class":66},"    first_line ",[60,87454,71],{"class":70},[60,87456,86396],{"class":86395},[60,87458,115],{"class":74},[60,87460,87461],{"class":118},"readline",[60,87463,8579],{"class":74},[60,87465,87466,87468,87470,87473],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,87467,1718],{"class":134},[60,87469,122],{"class":74},[60,87471,87472],{"class":118},"first_line",[60,87474,128],{"class":74},[553,87476,87478],{"id":87477},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87480,87481],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[51,87483,87485],{"className":53,"code":87484,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87486,87487,87529,87543],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,87488,87489,87491,87493,87495,87497,87499,87501,87503,87505,87507,87509,87511,87513,87515,87517,87519,87521,87523,87525,87527],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,87490,86354],{"class":1537},[60,87492,86357],{"class":134},[60,87494,122],{"class":74},[60,87496,256],{"class":255},[60,87498,86364],{"class":259},[60,87500,256],{"class":255},[60,87502,82],{"class":74},[60,87504,267],{"class":255},[60,87506,60264],{"class":259},[60,87508,256],{"class":255},[60,87510,82],{"class":74},[60,87512,86379],{"class":9110},[60,87514,71],{"class":70},[60,87516,256],{"class":255},[60,87518,86386],{"class":259},[60,87520,256],{"class":255},[60,87522,143],{"class":74},[60,87524,47288],{"class":1537},[60,87526,86396],{"class":86395},[60,87528,1712],{"class":74},[60,87530,87531,87534,87537,87539,87541],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,87532,87533],{"class":1537},"    for",[60,87535,87536],{"class":66}," line ",[60,87538,511],{"class":1537},[60,87540,86396],{"class":86395},[60,87542,1712],{"class":74},[60,87544,87545,87547,87549,87551,87553,87555],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,87546,47268],{"class":134},[60,87548,122],{"class":74},[60,87550,62],{"class":118},[60,87552,115],{"class":74},[60,87554,8570],{"class":118},[60,87556,7136],{"class":74},[20,87558,87559,87560,1460,87564,115],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[260,87561,87563],{"href":87562},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[260,87565,87567],{"href":87566},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[46,87569,87571],{"id":87570},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,87573,150,87574,87576],{},[15,87575,86750],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[51,87578,87580],{"className":53,"code":87579,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,87581,87582,87625,87646],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,87583,87584,87586,87588,87590,87592,87595,87597,87599,87601,87603,87605,87607,87609,87611,87613,87615,87617,87619,87621,87623],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,87585,86354],{"class":1537},[60,87587,86357],{"class":134},[60,87589,122],{"class":74},[60,87591,256],{"class":255},[60,87593,87594],{"class":259},"output.txt",[60,87596,256],{"class":255},[60,87598,82],{"class":74},[60,87600,267],{"class":255},[60,87602,60247],{"class":259},[60,87604,256],{"class":255},[60,87606,82],{"class":74},[60,87608,86379],{"class":9110},[60,87610,71],{"class":70},[60,87612,256],{"class":255},[60,87614,86386],{"class":259},[60,87616,256],{"class":255},[60,87618,143],{"class":74},[60,87620,47288],{"class":1537},[60,87622,86396],{"class":86395},[60,87624,1712],{"class":74},[60,87626,87627,87629,87631,87633,87635,87637,87640,87642,87644],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,87628,86900],{"class":86395},[60,87630,115],{"class":74},[60,87632,69955],{"class":118},[60,87634,122],{"class":74},[60,87636,256],{"class":255},[60,87638,87639],{"class":259},"First line",[60,87641,86913],{"class":34386},[60,87643,256],{"class":255},[60,87645,128],{"class":74},[60,87647,87648,87650,87652,87654,87656,87658,87661,87663,87665],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,87649,86900],{"class":86395},[60,87651,115],{"class":74},[60,87653,69955],{"class":118},[60,87655,122],{"class":74},[60,87657,256],{"class":255},[60,87659,87660],{"class":259},"Second line",[60,87662,86913],{"class":34386},[60,87664,256],{"class":255},[60,87666,128],{"class":74},[20,87668,150,87669,87671],{},[15,87670,18029],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[51,87673,87675],{"className":53,"code":87674,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,87676,87677,87719],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,87678,87679,87681,87683,87685,87687,87689,87691,87693,87695,87697,87699,87701,87703,87705,87707,87709,87711,87713,87715,87717],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,87680,86354],{"class":1537},[60,87682,86357],{"class":134},[60,87684,122],{"class":74},[60,87686,256],{"class":255},[60,87688,87594],{"class":259},[60,87690,256],{"class":255},[60,87692,82],{"class":74},[60,87694,267],{"class":255},[60,87696,260],{"class":259},[60,87698,256],{"class":255},[60,87700,82],{"class":74},[60,87702,86379],{"class":9110},[60,87704,71],{"class":70},[60,87706,256],{"class":255},[60,87708,86386],{"class":259},[60,87710,256],{"class":255},[60,87712,143],{"class":74},[60,87714,47288],{"class":1537},[60,87716,86396],{"class":86395},[60,87718,1712],{"class":74},[60,87720,87721,87723,87725,87727,87729,87731,87734,87736,87738],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,87722,86900],{"class":86395},[60,87724,115],{"class":74},[60,87726,69955],{"class":118},[60,87728,122],{"class":74},[60,87730,256],{"class":255},[60,87732,87733],{"class":259},"Third line",[60,87735,86913],{"class":34386},[60,87737,256],{"class":255},[60,87739,128],{"class":74},[20,87741,87742],{},"Important detail:",[30,87744,87745,87750,87757],{},[33,87746,87747,87749],{},[15,87748,86485],{}," writes a string",[33,87751,87752,13989,87754,87756],{},[15,87753,86485],{},[3698,87755,4581],{}," add a newline for you",[33,87758,87759,87760,87212],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,87761,86913],{},[20,87763,87764,87765,1460,87769,115],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[260,87766,87768],{"href":87767},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[260,87770,87772],{"href":87771},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[46,87774,87776],{"id":87775},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,87778,87779],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[553,87781,87783],{"id":87782},"encodingutf-8",[15,87784,86730],{},[20,87786,87787],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[51,87789,87791],{"className":53,"code":87790,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87792,87793,87836],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,87794,87795,87797,87799,87801,87803,87806,87808,87810,87812,87814,87816,87818,87820,87822,87824,87826,87828,87830,87832,87834],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,87796,86354],{"class":1537},[60,87798,86357],{"class":134},[60,87800,122],{"class":74},[60,87802,256],{"class":255},[60,87804,87805],{"class":259},"message.txt",[60,87807,256],{"class":255},[60,87809,82],{"class":74},[60,87811,267],{"class":255},[60,87813,60264],{"class":259},[60,87815,256],{"class":255},[60,87817,82],{"class":74},[60,87819,86379],{"class":9110},[60,87821,71],{"class":70},[60,87823,256],{"class":255},[60,87825,86386],{"class":259},[60,87827,256],{"class":255},[60,87829,143],{"class":74},[60,87831,47288],{"class":1537},[60,87833,86396],{"class":86395},[60,87835,1712],{"class":74},[60,87837,87838,87840,87842,87844,87846,87848],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,87839,1718],{"class":134},[60,87841,122],{"class":74},[60,87843,86502],{"class":86395},[60,87845,115],{"class":74},[60,87847,86412],{"class":118},[60,87849,7136],{"class":74},[20,87851,87852],{},"Why it matters:",[30,87854,87855,87858,87861],{},[33,87856,87857],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[33,87859,87860],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[33,87862,87863],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[553,87865,87867],{"id":87866},"newline",[15,87868,87866],{},[20,87870,87871],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,87873,87874],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[553,87876,87878],{"id":87877},"buffering",[15,87879,87877],{},[20,87881,87882],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,87884,87885],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[46,87887,87889],{"id":87888},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,87891,87892],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[553,87894,87896],{"id":87895},"filenotfounderror",[15,87897,87898],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,87900,87901],{},"This happens when:",[30,87903,87904,87907,87910],{},[33,87905,87906],{},"the file does not exist",[33,87908,87909],{},"the path is wrong",[33,87911,87912],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,87914,238],{},[51,87916,87918],{"className":53,"code":87917,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87919,87920,87963],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,87921,87922,87924,87926,87928,87930,87933,87935,87937,87939,87941,87943,87945,87947,87949,87951,87953,87955,87957,87959,87961],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,87923,86354],{"class":1537},[60,87925,86357],{"class":134},[60,87927,122],{"class":74},[60,87929,256],{"class":255},[60,87931,87932],{"class":259},"missing.txt",[60,87934,256],{"class":255},[60,87936,82],{"class":74},[60,87938,267],{"class":255},[60,87940,60264],{"class":259},[60,87942,256],{"class":255},[60,87944,82],{"class":74},[60,87946,86379],{"class":9110},[60,87948,71],{"class":70},[60,87950,256],{"class":255},[60,87952,86386],{"class":259},[60,87954,256],{"class":255},[60,87956,143],{"class":74},[60,87958,47288],{"class":1537},[60,87960,86396],{"class":86395},[60,87962,1712],{"class":74},[60,87964,87965,87967,87969,87971,87973,87975],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,87966,1718],{"class":134},[60,87968,122],{"class":74},[60,87970,86502],{"class":86395},[60,87972,115],{"class":74},[60,87974,86412],{"class":118},[60,87976,7136],{"class":74},[20,87978,87979,87980,544,87988,115],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[260,87981,87983,87984,87987],{"href":87982},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[60,87985,87986],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[260,87989,87991],{"href":87990},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[553,87993,87995],{"id":87994},"permissionerror",[15,87996,87997],{},"PermissionError",[20,87999,88000],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,88002,88003],{},"Example causes:",[30,88005,88006,88009,88012],{},[33,88007,88008],{},"the file is protected",[33,88010,88011],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[33,88013,88014],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,88016,88017,88018],{},"Related page: ",[260,88019,88021,88022,88025],{"href":88020},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[60,88023,88024],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[553,88027,88029],{"id":88028},"isadirectoryerror",[15,88030,88031],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,88033,88034],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,88036,238],{},[51,88038,88040],{"className":53,"code":88039,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88041,88042,88085],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,88043,88044,88046,88048,88050,88052,88055,88057,88059,88061,88063,88065,88067,88069,88071,88073,88075,88077,88079,88081,88083],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,88045,86354],{"class":1537},[60,88047,86357],{"class":134},[60,88049,122],{"class":74},[60,88051,256],{"class":255},[60,88053,88054],{"class":259},"my_folder",[60,88056,256],{"class":255},[60,88058,82],{"class":74},[60,88060,267],{"class":255},[60,88062,60264],{"class":259},[60,88064,256],{"class":255},[60,88066,82],{"class":74},[60,88068,86379],{"class":9110},[60,88070,71],{"class":70},[60,88072,256],{"class":255},[60,88074,86386],{"class":259},[60,88076,256],{"class":255},[60,88078,143],{"class":74},[60,88080,47288],{"class":1537},[60,88082,86396],{"class":86395},[60,88084,1712],{"class":74},[60,88086,88087,88089,88091,88093,88095,88097],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,88088,1718],{"class":134},[60,88090,122],{"class":74},[60,88092,86502],{"class":86395},[60,88094,115],{"class":74},[60,88096,86412],{"class":118},[60,88098,7136],{"class":74},[20,88100,88017,88101],{},[260,88102,88104,88105,88108],{"href":88103},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[60,88106,88107],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[553,88110,88112],{"id":88111},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,88113,88114],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,88116,88117,88118,115],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,88119,86335],{},[20,88121,88017,88122],{},[260,88123,88125],{"href":88124},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[46,88127,88129],{"id":88128},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,88131,88132,88133,88135],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,88134,86335],{}," function.",[20,88137,88138],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[30,88140,88141,88144,88147,88153],{},[33,88142,88143],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[33,88145,88146],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[33,88148,88149,88150,88152],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,88151,86335],{}," itself",[33,88154,88155,88156],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[260,88157,88159],{"href":88158},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[46,88161,1351],{"id":1350},[20,88163,88164,88165,166],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,88166,86335],{},[30,88168,88169,88174,88180,88185,88188,88191],{},[33,88170,8356,88171,88173],{},[15,88172,86433],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[33,88175,88176,88177,88179],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,88178,86634],{}," for text files",[33,88181,8356,88182,88184],{},[15,88183,86750],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[33,88186,88187],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[33,88189,88190],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[33,88192,88193],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,88195,88196],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[51,88198,88200],{"className":53,"code":88199,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,88201,88202,88209],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,88203,88204,88206],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,88205,35025],{"class":1537},[60,88207,88208],{"class":66}," os\n",[60,88210,88211,88213,88215,88217,88219,88222],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,88212,135],{"class":134},[60,88214,122],{"class":74},[60,88216,42557],{"class":118},[60,88218,115],{"class":74},[60,88220,88221],{"class":118},"getcwd",[60,88223,7136],{"class":74},[20,88225,88226],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[51,88228,88230],{"className":53,"code":88229,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88231,88232,88238],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,88233,88234,88236],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,88235,35025],{"class":1537},[60,88237,88208],{"class":66},[60,88239,88240,88242,88244,88246,88248,88251,88253,88256,88258,88260,88262,88264],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,88241,135],{"class":134},[60,88243,122],{"class":74},[60,88245,42557],{"class":118},[60,88247,115],{"class":74},[60,88249,88250],{"class":24682},"path",[60,88252,115],{"class":74},[60,88254,88255],{"class":118},"exists",[60,88257,122],{"class":74},[60,88259,256],{"class":255},[60,88261,86364],{"class":259},[60,88263,256],{"class":255},[60,88265,315],{"class":74},[20,88267,88268],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[51,88270,88272],{"className":53,"code":88271,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88273,88274,88280],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,88275,88276,88278],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,88277,35025],{"class":1537},[60,88279,88208],{"class":66},[60,88281,88282,88284,88286,88288,88290,88292,88294,88297,88299,88301,88303,88305],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,88283,135],{"class":134},[60,88285,122],{"class":74},[60,88287,42557],{"class":118},[60,88289,115],{"class":74},[60,88291,88250],{"class":24682},[60,88293,115],{"class":74},[60,88295,88296],{"class":118},"isfile",[60,88298,122],{"class":74},[60,88300,256],{"class":255},[60,88302,86364],{"class":259},[60,88304,256],{"class":255},[60,88306,315],{"class":74},[20,88308,88309],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[51,88311,88313],{"className":53,"code":88312,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88314,88315,88357],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,88316,88317,88319,88321,88323,88325,88327,88329,88331,88333,88335,88337,88339,88341,88343,88345,88347,88349,88351,88353,88355],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,88318,86354],{"class":1537},[60,88320,86357],{"class":134},[60,88322,122],{"class":74},[60,88324,256],{"class":255},[60,88326,86364],{"class":259},[60,88328,256],{"class":255},[60,88330,82],{"class":74},[60,88332,267],{"class":255},[60,88334,60264],{"class":259},[60,88336,256],{"class":255},[60,88338,82],{"class":74},[60,88340,86379],{"class":9110},[60,88342,71],{"class":70},[60,88344,256],{"class":255},[60,88346,86386],{"class":259},[60,88348,256],{"class":255},[60,88350,143],{"class":74},[60,88352,47288],{"class":1537},[60,88354,86396],{"class":86395},[60,88356,1712],{"class":74},[60,88358,88359,88361,88363,88365,88367,88369],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,88360,1718],{"class":134},[60,88362,122],{"class":74},[60,88364,86502],{"class":86395},[60,88366,115],{"class":74},[60,88368,86412],{"class":118},[60,88370,7136],{"class":74},[20,88372,88373],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[46,88375,1773],{"id":1772},[553,88377,88379],{"id":88378},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,88381,88382],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[553,88384,88386],{"id":88385},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,88388,88389,88390,88392],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,88391,86354],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[553,88394,5126,88396,544,88398,88400],{"id":88395},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,88397,86750],{},[15,88399,18029],{}," mode?",[20,88402,88403,88405,88406,88408],{},[15,88404,86750],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88407,18029],{}," adds new content to the end.",[553,88410,88412],{"id":88411},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,88414,88415],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[553,88417,88419],{"id":88418},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,88421,88422,88423,88425],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88424,86730],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[46,88427,1842],{"id":1841},[30,88429,88430,88434,88438,88442,88446,88450,88454,88460],{},[33,88431,88432],{},[260,88433,87563],{"href":87562},[33,88435,88436],{},[260,88437,87768],{"href":87767},[33,88439,88440],{},[260,88441,87772],{"href":87771},[33,88443,88444],{},[260,88445,87567],{"href":87566},[33,88447,88448],{},[260,88449,88159],{"href":88158},[33,88451,88452],{},[260,88453,87991],{"href":87990},[33,88455,88456],{},[260,88457,87983,88458,87987],{"href":87982},[60,88459,87986],{},[33,88461,88462],{},[260,88463,88021,88464,88025],{"href":88020},[60,88465,88024],{},[1885,88467,88468],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":88470},[88471,88472,88473,88474,88475,88476,88477,88482,88483,88488,88494,88495,88496,88504],{"id":1971,"depth":104,"text":1972},{"id":86437,"depth":104,"text":86438},{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199},{"id":86734,"depth":104,"text":86735},{"id":86998,"depth":104,"text":86999},{"id":87122,"depth":104,"text":87123},{"id":87305,"depth":104,"text":87306,"children":88478},[88479,88480,88481],{"id":87315,"depth":131,"text":87316},{"id":87394,"depth":131,"text":87395},{"id":87477,"depth":131,"text":87478},{"id":87570,"depth":104,"text":87571},{"id":87775,"depth":104,"text":87776,"children":88484},[88485,88486,88487],{"id":87782,"depth":131,"text":86730},{"id":87866,"depth":131,"text":87866},{"id":87877,"depth":131,"text":87877},{"id":87888,"depth":104,"text":87889,"children":88489},[88490,88491,88492,88493],{"id":87895,"depth":131,"text":87898},{"id":87994,"depth":131,"text":87997},{"id":88028,"depth":131,"text":88031},{"id":88111,"depth":131,"text":88114},{"id":88128,"depth":104,"text":88129},{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":88497},[88498,88499,88500,88502,88503],{"id":88378,"depth":131,"text":88379},{"id":88385,"depth":131,"text":88386},{"id":88395,"depth":131,"text":88501},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88411,"depth":131,"text":88412},{"id":88418,"depth":131,"text":88419},{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86325,"description":88505},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88512,"title":88513,"body":88514,"description":90509,"extension":1930,"meta":90510,"navigation":421,"path":90511,"seo":90512,"stem":90513,"__hash__":90514},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88515,"toc":90456},[88516,88521,88526,88532,88534,88602,88604,88623,88628,88633,88638,88641,88653,88655,88698,88700,88718,88729,88731,88733,88758,88760,88771,88773,88833,88835,88861,88864,88868,88873,88877,88880,88914,88918,88921,88946,88950,88973,88977,89010,89015,89019,89024,89027,89095,89097,89121,89126,89129,89160,89162,89194,89211,89215,89220,89244,89251,89256,89261,89264,89268,89303,89305,89314,89318,89409,89411,89442,89447,89454,89459,89468,89471,89505,89507,89521,89525,89566,89568,89577,89581,89629,89631,89645,89650,89661,89668,89674,89676,89711,89713,89727,89730,89752,89758,89787,89798,89804,89810,89824,89826,89905,89907,89957,89964,89966,89971,89975,89978,89993,89998,90000,90019,90025,90028,90043,90045,90063,90069,90074,90104,90107,90130,90133,90160,90167,90173,90181,90204,90209,90217,90219,90239,90243,90249,90299,90302,90324,90326,90332,90340,90346,90352,90360,90365,90369,90372,90395,90400,90407,90419,90421,90453],[10,88517,1875,88519,3541],{"id":88518},"python-print-function-explained",[15,88520,46384],{},[20,88522,32250,88523,88525],{},[15,88524,46384],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,88527,88528,88529,88531],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,88530,46384],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[46,88533,1972],{"id":1971},[51,88535,88537],{"className":53,"code":88536,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,88538,88539,88551,88560,88564,88574,88584],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,88540,88541,88543,88545,88547,88549],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,88542,7816],{"class":66},[60,88544,71],{"class":70},[60,88546,267],{"class":255},[60,88548,7861],{"class":259},[60,88550,3320],{"class":255},[60,88552,88553,88555,88557],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,88554,21561],{"class":66},[60,88556,71],{"class":70},[60,88558,88559],{"class":78}," 12\n",[60,88561,88562],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,88563,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,88565,88566,88568,88570,88572],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,88567,135],{"class":134},[60,88569,122],{"class":74},[60,88571,7611],{"class":118},[60,88573,128],{"class":74},[60,88575,88576,88578,88580,88582],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,88577,135],{"class":134},[60,88579,122],{"class":74},[60,88581,9234],{"class":118},[60,88583,128],{"class":74},[60,88585,88586,88588,88590,88592,88594,88596,88598,88600],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,88587,135],{"class":134},[60,88589,122],{"class":74},[60,88591,256],{"class":255},[60,88593,34801],{"class":259},[60,88595,256],{"class":255},[60,88597,82],{"class":74},[60,88599,35927],{"class":118},[60,88601,128],{"class":74},[20,88603,318],{},[51,88605,88607],{"className":53,"code":88606,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,88608,88609,88614,88618],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,88610,88611],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,88612,88613],{"class":66},"Mia\n",[60,88615,88616],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,88617,2190],{"class":78},[60,88619,88620],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,88621,88622],{"class":66},"Hello Mia\n",[20,88624,150,88625,88627],{},[15,88626,46384],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[46,88629,158,88631,161],{"id":88630},"what-print-does",[15,88632,46384],{},[20,88634,88635,88637],{},[15,88636,46384],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,88639,88640],{},"You can use it to display:",[30,88642,88643,88645,88647,88650],{},[33,88644,34642],{},[33,88646,1506],{},[33,88648,88649],{},"variables",[33,88651,88652],{},"expressions",[20,88654,238],{},[51,88656,88658],{"className":53,"code":88657,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,88659,88660,88674,88684],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,88661,88662,88664,88666,88668,88670,88672],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,88663,135],{"class":134},[60,88665,122],{"class":74},[60,88667,256],{"class":255},[60,88669,34801],{"class":259},[60,88671,256],{"class":255},[60,88673,128],{"class":74},[60,88675,88676,88678,88680,88682],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,88677,135],{"class":134},[60,88679,122],{"class":74},[60,88681,1086],{"class":78},[60,88683,128],{"class":74},[60,88685,88686,88688,88690,88692,88694,88696],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,88687,135],{"class":134},[60,88689,122],{"class":74},[60,88691,125],{"class":78},[60,88693,2417],{"class":70},[60,88695,94],{"class":78},[60,88697,128],{"class":74},[20,88699,318],{},[51,88701,88703],{"className":53,"code":88702,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,88704,88705,88710,88714],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,88706,88707],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,88708,88709],{"class":66},"Hello\n",[60,88711,88712],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,88713,2907],{"class":78},[60,88715,88716],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,88717,2907],{"class":78},[20,88719,88720,88721,88723,88724,88728],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,88722,46384],{}," ",[3698,88725,3646,88726],{},[15,88727,3734],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[46,88730,199],{"id":198},[20,88732,30657],{},[51,88734,88736],{"className":53,"code":88735,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,88737,88738],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,88739,88740,88742,88744,88747,88749,88752,88754,88756],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,88741,135],{"class":134},[60,88743,122],{"class":74},[60,88745,88746],{"class":118},"object1",[60,88748,82],{"class":74},[60,88750,88751],{"class":118}," object2",[60,88753,82],{"class":74},[60,88755,34387],{"class":134},[60,88757,128],{"class":74},[20,88759,79963],{},[30,88761,88762,88765,88768],{},[33,88763,88764],{},"one value",[33,88766,88767],{},"many values",[33,88769,88770],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,88772,238],{},[51,88774,88776],{"className":53,"code":88775,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,88777,88778,88792,88811],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,88779,88780,88782,88784,88786,88788,88790],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,88781,135],{"class":134},[60,88783,122],{"class":74},[60,88785,256],{"class":255},[60,88787,584],{"class":259},[60,88789,256],{"class":255},[60,88791,128],{"class":74},[60,88793,88794,88796,88798,88800,88803,88805,88807,88809],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,88795,135],{"class":134},[60,88797,122],{"class":74},[60,88799,256],{"class":255},[60,88801,88802],{"class":259},"Score:",[60,88804,256],{"class":255},[60,88806,82],{"class":74},[60,88808,883],{"class":78},[60,88810,128],{"class":74},[60,88812,88813,88815,88817,88819,88821,88823,88825,88827,88829,88831],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,88814,135],{"class":134},[60,88816,122],{"class":74},[60,88818,256],{"class":255},[60,88820,45495],{"class":259},[60,88822,256],{"class":255},[60,88824,82],{"class":74},[60,88826,800],{"class":78},[60,88828,2417],{"class":70},[60,88830,37578],{"class":78},[60,88832,128],{"class":74},[20,88834,318],{},[51,88836,88838],{"className":53,"code":88837,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,88839,88840,88844,88853],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,88841,88842],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,88843,85116],{"class":66},[60,88845,88846,88849,88851],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,88847,88848],{"class":66},"Score",[60,88850,166],{"class":74},[60,88852,2548],{"class":78},[60,88854,88855,88857,88859],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,88856,45535],{"class":66},[60,88858,166],{"class":74},[60,88860,2548],{"class":78},[20,88862,88863],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[46,88865,88867],{"id":88866},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,88869,88870,88871,115],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,88872,46384],{},[553,88874,88876],{"id":88875},"print-text","Print text",[20,88878,88879],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[51,88881,88883],{"className":53,"code":88882,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,88884,88885,88899],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,88886,88887,88889,88891,88893,88895,88897],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,88888,135],{"class":134},[60,88890,122],{"class":74},[60,88892,256],{"class":255},[60,88894,34801],{"class":259},[60,88896,256],{"class":255},[60,88898,128],{"class":74},[60,88900,88901,88903,88905,88907,88910,88912],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,88902,135],{"class":134},[60,88904,122],{"class":74},[60,88906,256],{"class":255},[60,88908,88909],{"class":259},"Python is fun",[60,88911,256],{"class":255},[60,88913,128],{"class":74},[553,88915,88917],{"id":88916},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,88919,88920],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[51,88922,88924],{"className":53,"code":88923,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,88925,88926,88936],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,88927,88928,88930,88932,88934],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,88929,135],{"class":134},[60,88931,122],{"class":74},[60,88933,1086],{"class":78},[60,88935,128],{"class":74},[60,88937,88938,88940,88942,88944],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,88939,135],{"class":134},[60,88941,122],{"class":74},[60,88943,40077],{"class":78},[60,88945,128],{"class":74},[553,88947,88949],{"id":88948},"print-variables","Print variables",[51,88951,88953],{"className":53,"code":88952,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,88954,88955,88963],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,88956,88957,88959,88961],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,88958,5043],{"class":66},[60,88960,71],{"class":70},[60,88962,14066],{"class":78},[60,88964,88965,88967,88969,88971],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,88966,135],{"class":134},[60,88968,122],{"class":74},[60,88970,85280],{"class":118},[60,88972,128],{"class":74},[553,88974,88976],{"id":88975},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[51,88978,88980],{"className":53,"code":88979,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,88981,88982,88996],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,88983,88984,88986,88988,88990,88992,88994],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,88985,135],{"class":134},[60,88987,122],{"class":74},[60,88989,125],{"class":78},[60,88991,2417],{"class":70},[60,88993,94],{"class":78},[60,88995,128],{"class":74},[60,88997,88998,89000,89002,89004,89006,89008],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,88999,135],{"class":134},[60,89001,122],{"class":74},[60,89003,873],{"class":78},[60,89005,82592],{"class":70},[60,89007,800],{"class":78},[60,89009,128],{"class":74},[20,89011,89012,89013,115],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[260,89014,50905],{"href":50904},[46,89016,89018],{"id":89017},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,89020,89021,89023],{},[15,89022,46384],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,89025,89026],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[51,89028,89030],{"className":53,"code":89029,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89031,89032,89045,89053,89057,89076],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,89033,89034,89036,89038,89040,89043],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,89035,7816],{"class":66},[60,89037,71],{"class":70},[60,89039,267],{"class":255},[60,89041,89042],{"class":259},"Ava",[60,89044,3320],{"class":255},[60,89046,89047,89049,89051],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,89048,21561],{"class":66},[60,89050,71],{"class":70},[60,89052,2548],{"class":78},[60,89054,89055],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,89056,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,89058,89059,89061,89063,89065,89068,89070,89072,89074],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,89060,135],{"class":134},[60,89062,122],{"class":74},[60,89064,256],{"class":255},[60,89066,89067],{"class":259},"Name:",[60,89069,256],{"class":255},[60,89071,82],{"class":74},[60,89073,35927],{"class":118},[60,89075,128],{"class":74},[60,89077,89078,89080,89082,89084,89087,89089,89091,89093],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,89079,135],{"class":134},[60,89081,122],{"class":74},[60,89083,256],{"class":255},[60,89085,89086],{"class":259},"Age:",[60,89088,256],{"class":255},[60,89090,82],{"class":74},[60,89092,9123],{"class":118},[60,89094,128],{"class":74},[20,89096,318],{},[51,89098,89100],{"className":53,"code":89099,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,89101,89102,89112],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,89103,89104,89107,89109],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,89105,89106],{"class":66},"Name",[60,89108,166],{"class":74},[60,89110,89111],{"class":66}," Ava\n",[60,89113,89114,89117,89119],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,89115,89116],{"class":66},"Age",[60,89118,166],{"class":74},[60,89120,2548],{"class":78},[20,89122,89123,89124,115],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,89125,2028],{},[20,89127,89128],{},"For example, this works:",[51,89130,89132],{"className":53,"code":89131,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89133,89134,89142],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,89135,89136,89138,89140],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,89137,21561],{"class":66},[60,89139,71],{"class":70},[60,89141,2548],{"class":78},[60,89143,89144,89146,89148,89150,89152,89154,89156,89158],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,89145,135],{"class":134},[60,89147,122],{"class":74},[60,89149,256],{"class":255},[60,89151,89086],{"class":259},[60,89153,256],{"class":255},[60,89155,82],{"class":74},[60,89157,9123],{"class":118},[60,89159,128],{"class":74},[20,89161,36861],{},[51,89163,89165],{"className":53,"code":89164,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,89166,89167,89175],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,89168,89169,89171,89173],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,89170,21561],{"class":66},[60,89172,71],{"class":70},[60,89174,2548],{"class":78},[60,89176,89177,89179,89181,89183,89186,89188,89190,89192],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,89178,135],{"class":134},[60,89180,122],{"class":74},[60,89182,256],{"class":255},[60,89184,89185],{"class":259},"Age: ",[60,89187,256],{"class":255},[60,89189,2417],{"class":70},[60,89191,9123],{"class":118},[60,89193,128],{"class":74},[20,89195,89196,89197,89200,89201,89203,89204,89206,89207,115],{},"That fails because ",[15,89198,89199],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,89202,9234],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,89205,2028],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[260,89208,89209],{"href":42107},[15,89210,47614],{},[46,89212,89214],{"id":89213},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,89216,89217,89219],{},[15,89218,46384],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[30,89221,89222,89228,89233,89238],{},[33,89223,89224,89227],{},[15,89225,89226],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[33,89229,89230,89232],{},[15,89231,52587],{}," controls what is added after the output",[33,89234,89235,89237],{},[15,89236,86502],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[33,89239,89240,89243],{},[15,89241,89242],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,89245,89246,89247,544,89249,115],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,89248,89226],{},[15,89250,52587],{},[46,89252,89254,36550],{"id":89253},"sep-argument",[15,89255,89226],{},[20,89257,1947,89258,89260],{},[15,89259,89226],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,89262,89263],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[553,89265,89267],{"id":89266},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[51,89269,89271],{"className":53,"code":89270,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,89272,89273],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,89274,89275,89277,89279,89281,89283,89285,89287,89289,89291,89293,89295,89297,89299,89301],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,89276,135],{"class":134},[60,89278,122],{"class":74},[60,89280,256],{"class":255},[60,89282,386],{"class":259},[60,89284,256],{"class":255},[60,89286,82],{"class":74},[60,89288,267],{"class":255},[60,89290,404],{"class":259},[60,89292,256],{"class":255},[60,89294,82],{"class":74},[60,89296,267],{"class":255},[60,89298,395],{"class":259},[60,89300,256],{"class":255},[60,89302,128],{"class":74},[20,89304,318],{},[51,89306,89308],{"className":53,"code":89307,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"red green blue\n",[15,89309,89310],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,89311,89312],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,89313,89307],{"class":66},[553,89315,89317],{"id":89316},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[51,89319,89321],{"className":53,"code":89320,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,89322,89323,89366],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,89324,89325,89327,89329,89331,89333,89335,89337,89339,89341,89343,89345,89347,89349,89351,89353,89356,89358,89360,89362,89364],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,89326,135],{"class":134},[60,89328,122],{"class":74},[60,89330,256],{"class":255},[60,89332,386],{"class":259},[60,89334,256],{"class":255},[60,89336,82],{"class":74},[60,89338,267],{"class":255},[60,89340,404],{"class":259},[60,89342,256],{"class":255},[60,89344,82],{"class":74},[60,89346,267],{"class":255},[60,89348,395],{"class":259},[60,89350,256],{"class":255},[60,89352,82],{"class":74},[60,89354,89355],{"class":9110}," sep",[60,89357,71],{"class":70},[60,89359,256],{"class":255},[60,89361,82],{"class":259},[60,89363,256],{"class":255},[60,89365,128],{"class":74},[60,89367,89368,89370,89372,89374,89376,89378,89380,89382,89384,89386,89388,89390,89392,89394,89396,89398,89400,89402,89405,89407],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,89369,135],{"class":134},[60,89371,122],{"class":74},[60,89373,256],{"class":255},[60,89375,386],{"class":259},[60,89377,256],{"class":255},[60,89379,82],{"class":74},[60,89381,267],{"class":255},[60,89383,404],{"class":259},[60,89385,256],{"class":255},[60,89387,82],{"class":74},[60,89389,267],{"class":255},[60,89391,395],{"class":259},[60,89393,256],{"class":255},[60,89395,82],{"class":74},[60,89397,89355],{"class":9110},[60,89399,71],{"class":70},[60,89401,256],{"class":255},[60,89403,89404],{"class":259}," - ",[60,89406,256],{"class":255},[60,89408,128],{"class":74},[20,89410,318],{},[51,89412,89414],{"className":53,"code":89413,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89415,89416,89428],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,89417,89418,89420,89422,89424,89426],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,89419,386],{"class":66},[60,89421,82],{"class":74},[60,89423,404],{"class":66},[60,89425,82],{"class":74},[60,89427,69741],{"class":66},[60,89429,89430,89433,89435,89438,89440],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,89431,89432],{"class":66},"red ",[60,89434,1991],{"class":70},[60,89436,89437],{"class":66}," green ",[60,89439,1991],{"class":70},[60,89441,35816],{"class":66},[20,89443,89444,89446],{},[15,89445,89226],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,89448,89449,89450,115],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[260,89451,89453],{"href":89452},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[46,89455,89457,36550],{"id":89456},"end-argument",[15,89458,52587],{},[20,89460,89461,89462,89464,89465,89467],{},"By default, ",[15,89463,46384],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,89466,46384],{}," starts on a new line.",[553,89469,89267],{"id":89470},"default-behavior-1",[51,89472,89474],{"className":53,"code":89473,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89475,89476,89490],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,89477,89478,89480,89482,89484,89486,89488],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,89479,135],{"class":134},[60,89481,122],{"class":74},[60,89483,256],{"class":255},[60,89485,34801],{"class":259},[60,89487,256],{"class":255},[60,89489,128],{"class":74},[60,89491,89492,89494,89496,89498,89501,89503],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,89493,135],{"class":134},[60,89495,122],{"class":74},[60,89497,256],{"class":255},[60,89499,89500],{"class":259},"World",[60,89502,256],{"class":255},[60,89504,128],{"class":74},[20,89506,318],{},[51,89508,89510],{"className":53,"code":89509,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,89511,89512,89516],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,89513,89514],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,89515,88709],{"class":66},[60,89517,89518],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,89519,89520],{"class":66},"World\n",[553,89522,89524],{"id":89523},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[51,89526,89528],{"className":53,"code":89527,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89529,89530,89552],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,89531,89532,89534,89536,89538,89540,89542,89544,89546,89548,89550],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,89533,135],{"class":134},[60,89535,122],{"class":74},[60,89537,256],{"class":255},[60,89539,34801],{"class":259},[60,89541,256],{"class":255},[60,89543,82],{"class":74},[60,89545,64800],{"class":9110},[60,89547,71],{"class":70},[60,89549,6213],{"class":255},[60,89551,128],{"class":74},[60,89553,89554,89556,89558,89560,89562,89564],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,89555,135],{"class":134},[60,89557,122],{"class":74},[60,89559,256],{"class":255},[60,89561,89500],{"class":259},[60,89563,256],{"class":255},[60,89565,128],{"class":74},[20,89567,318],{},[51,89569,89571],{"className":53,"code":89570,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"HelloWorld\n",[15,89572,89573],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,89574,89575],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,89576,89570],{"class":66},[553,89578,89580],{"id":89579},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[51,89582,89584],{"className":53,"code":89583,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89585,89586,89615],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,89587,89588,89590,89592,89594,89596,89598,89600,89602,89604,89606,89609,89611,89613],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,89589,135],{"class":134},[60,89591,122],{"class":74},[60,89593,256],{"class":255},[60,89595,34801],{"class":259},[60,89597,256],{"class":255},[60,89599,82],{"class":74},[60,89601,64800],{"class":9110},[60,89603,71],{"class":70},[60,89605,256],{"class":255},[60,89607,89608],{"class":259},"!",[60,89610,86913],{"class":34386},[60,89612,256],{"class":255},[60,89614,128],{"class":74},[60,89616,89617,89619,89621,89623,89625,89627],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,89618,135],{"class":134},[60,89620,122],{"class":74},[60,89622,256],{"class":255},[60,89624,89500],{"class":259},[60,89626,256],{"class":255},[60,89628,128],{"class":74},[20,89630,318],{},[51,89632,89634],{"className":53,"code":89633,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,89635,89636,89641],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,89637,89638],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,89639,89640],{"class":66},"Hello!\n",[60,89642,89643],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,89644,89520],{"class":66},[20,89646,1947,89647,89649],{},[15,89648,52587],{}," argument is useful for:",[30,89651,89652,89655,89658],{},[33,89653,89654],{},"progress messages",[33,89656,89657],{},"inline output",[33,89659,89660],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[46,89662,89664,2361,89666],{"id":89663},"print-returns-none",[15,89665,46384],{},[15,89667,3734],{},[20,89669,89670,89671,89673],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,89672,46384],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,89675,238],{},[51,89677,89679],{"className":53,"code":89678,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,89680,89681,89701],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,89682,89683,89685,89687,89690,89692,89694,89697,89699],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,89684,107],{"class":66},[60,89686,71],{"class":70},[60,89688,89689],{"class":134}," print",[60,89691,122],{"class":74},[60,89693,256],{"class":255},[60,89695,89696],{"class":259},"Hi",[60,89698,256],{"class":255},[60,89700,128],{"class":74},[60,89702,89703,89705,89707,89709],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,89704,135],{"class":134},[60,89706,122],{"class":74},[60,89708,140],{"class":118},[60,89710,128],{"class":74},[20,89712,318],{},[51,89714,89716],{"className":53,"code":89715,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,89717,89718,89723],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,89719,89720],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,89721,89722],{"class":66},"Hi\n",[60,89724,89725],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,89726,11745],{"class":685},[20,89728,89729],{},"Why does this happen?",[30,89731,89732,89740,89745],{},[33,89733,89734,89737,89738],{},[15,89735,89736],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,89739,89696],{},[33,89741,89742,89743],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,89744,3734],{},[33,89746,89747,89748,11856,89750],{},"so ",[15,89749,140],{},[15,89751,3734],{},[20,89753,89754,89755,89757],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,89756,46384],{}," call.",[51,89759,89761],{"className":53,"code":89760,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,89762,89763,89776],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,89764,89765,89768,89770,89772,89774],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,89766,89767],{"class":66},"message ",[60,89769,71],{"class":70},[60,89771,267],{"class":255},[60,89773,89696],{"class":259},[60,89775,3320],{"class":255},[60,89777,89778,89780,89782,89785],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,89779,135],{"class":134},[60,89781,122],{"class":74},[60,89783,89784],{"class":118},"message",[60,89786,128],{"class":74},[20,89788,89789,89790,89792,89793,89797],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,89791,46384],{}," with functions like ",[260,89794,89795],{"href":8159},[15,89796,2918],{},", which do return a value.",[46,89799,89801,89802],{"id":89800},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,89803,46384],{},[20,89805,89806,89807,89809],{},"Beginners use ",[15,89808,46384],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[30,89811,89812,89815,89818,89821],{},[33,89813,89814],{},"to display results to the user",[33,89816,89817],{},"to show messages in a script",[33,89819,89820],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[33,89822,89823],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,89825,238],{},[51,89827,89829],{"className":53,"code":89828,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,89830,89831,89839,89843,89863,89874],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,89832,89833,89835,89837],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,89834,41117],{"class":66},[60,89836,71],{"class":70},[60,89838,38446],{"class":78},[60,89840,89841],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,89842,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,89844,89845,89847,89849,89851,89853,89855,89857,89859,89861],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,89846,1702],{"class":1537},[60,89848,6328],{"class":66},[60,89850,511],{"class":1537},[60,89852,53994],{"class":134},[60,89854,122],{"class":74},[60,89856,79],{"class":78},[60,89858,82],{"class":74},[60,89860,800],{"class":78},[60,89862,8281],{"class":74},[60,89864,89865,89868,89871],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,89866,89867],{"class":66},"    total ",[60,89869,89870],{"class":70},"+=",[60,89872,89873],{"class":66}," number\n",[60,89875,89876,89878,89880,89882,89885,89887,89889,89891,89893,89895,89897,89899,89901,89903],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,89877,1718],{"class":134},[60,89879,122],{"class":74},[60,89881,256],{"class":255},[60,89883,89884],{"class":259},"Current number:",[60,89886,256],{"class":255},[60,89888,82],{"class":74},[60,89890,2162],{"class":118},[60,89892,82],{"class":74},[60,89894,267],{"class":255},[60,89896,45495],{"class":259},[60,89898,256],{"class":255},[60,89900,82],{"class":74},[60,89902,45502],{"class":118},[60,89904,128],{"class":74},[20,89906,318],{},[51,89908,89910],{"className":53,"code":89909,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,89911,89912,89928,89942],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,89913,89914,89917,89919,89921,89924,89926],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,89915,89916],{"class":66},"Current number",[60,89918,166],{"class":74},[60,89920,695],{"class":78},[60,89922,89923],{"class":66}," Total",[60,89925,166],{"class":74},[60,89927,29547],{"class":78},[60,89929,89930,89932,89934,89936,89938,89940],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,89931,89916],{"class":66},[60,89933,166],{"class":74},[60,89935,85],{"class":78},[60,89937,89923],{"class":66},[60,89939,166],{"class":74},[60,89941,2538],{"class":78},[60,89943,89944,89946,89948,89950,89952,89954],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,89945,89916],{"class":66},[60,89947,166],{"class":74},[60,89949,94],{"class":78},[60,89951,89923],{"class":66},[60,89953,166],{"class":74},[60,89955,89956],{"class":78}," 6\n",[20,89958,89959,89960,115],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[260,89961,89963],{"href":89962},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[46,89965,1351],{"id":1350},[20,89967,89968,89969,115],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,89970,46384],{},[553,89972,89974],{"id":89973},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,89976,89977],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[51,89979,89981],{"className":53,"code":89980,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(Hello)\n",[15,89982,89983],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,89984,89985,89987,89989,89991],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,89986,135],{"class":134},[60,89988,122],{"class":74},[60,89990,34801],{"class":118},[60,89992,128],{"class":74},[20,89994,8810,89995,89997],{},[15,89996,34801],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,89999,10743],{},[51,90001,90003],{"className":53,"code":90002,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90004,90005],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90006,90007,90009,90011,90013,90015,90017],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90008,135],{"class":134},[60,90010,122],{"class":74},[60,90012,256],{"class":255},[60,90014,34801],{"class":259},[60,90016,256],{"class":255},[60,90018,128],{"class":74},[553,90020,8356,90022,90024],{"id":90021},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,90023,135],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,90026,90027],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[51,90029,90031],{"className":53,"code":90030,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,90032,90033],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90034,90035,90037,90039,90041],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90036,135],{"class":134},[60,90038,267],{"class":255},[60,90040,34801],{"class":259},[60,90042,3320],{"class":255},[20,90044,10743],{},[51,90046,90047],{"className":53,"code":90002,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,90048,90049],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90050,90051,90053,90055,90057,90059,90061],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90052,135],{"class":134},[60,90054,122],{"class":74},[60,90056,256],{"class":255},[60,90058,34801],{"class":259},[60,90060,256],{"class":255},[60,90062,128],{"class":74},[553,90064,90066,90067],{"id":90065},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,90068,2028],{},[20,90070,90071,90072,115],{},"This causes a ",[15,90073,2964],{},[51,90075,90076],{"className":53,"code":89164,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,90077,90078,90086],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90079,90080,90082,90084],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90081,21561],{"class":66},[60,90083,71],{"class":70},[60,90085,2548],{"class":78},[60,90087,90088,90090,90092,90094,90096,90098,90100,90102],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,90089,135],{"class":134},[60,90091,122],{"class":74},[60,90093,256],{"class":255},[60,90095,89185],{"class":259},[60,90097,256],{"class":255},[60,90099,2417],{"class":70},[60,90101,9123],{"class":118},[60,90103,128],{"class":74},[20,90105,90106],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[51,90108,90110],{"className":53,"code":90109,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,90111,90112],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90113,90114,90116,90118,90120,90122,90124,90126,90128],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90115,135],{"class":134},[60,90117,122],{"class":74},[60,90119,256],{"class":255},[60,90121,89086],{"class":259},[60,90123,256],{"class":255},[60,90125,82],{"class":74},[60,90127,9123],{"class":118},[60,90129,128],{"class":74},[20,90131,90132],{},"Or convert the number first:",[51,90134,90136],{"className":53,"code":90135,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,90137,90138],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90139,90140,90142,90144,90146,90148,90150,90152,90154,90156,90158],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90141,135],{"class":134},[60,90143,122],{"class":74},[60,90145,256],{"class":255},[60,90147,89185],{"class":259},[60,90149,256],{"class":255},[60,90151,2417],{"class":70},[60,90153,48835],{"class":1656},[60,90155,122],{"class":74},[60,90157,9234],{"class":118},[60,90159,315],{"class":74},[20,90161,90162,90163,115],{},"If you see this error, read ",[260,90164,90166],{"href":90165},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[553,90168,1454,90170,90172],{"id":90169},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,90171,46384],{}," to return a value",[20,90174,90175,90176,35264,90179,166],{},"This does not store ",[15,90177,90178],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,90180,140],{},[51,90182,90184],{"className":53,"code":90183,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90185,90186],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90187,90188,90190,90192,90194,90196,90198,90200,90202],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90189,107],{"class":66},[60,90191,71],{"class":70},[60,90193,89689],{"class":134},[60,90195,122],{"class":74},[60,90197,256],{"class":255},[60,90199,34801],{"class":259},[60,90201,256],{"class":255},[60,90203,128],{"class":74},[20,90205,90206,90207,115],{},"It stores ",[15,90208,3734],{},[553,90210,90212,90213,544,90215],{"id":90211},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,90214,89226],{},[15,90216,52587],{},[20,90218,85572],{},[30,90220,90221,90230],{},[33,90222,90223,90225,90226,90229],{},[15,90224,89226],{}," changes what goes ",[3698,90227,90228],{},"between"," multiple values",[33,90231,90232,90234,90235,90238],{},[15,90233,52587],{}," changes what appears ",[3698,90236,90237],{},"after"," the output",[46,90240,90242],{"id":90241},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,90244,90245,90246,90248],{},"These simple ",[15,90247,46384],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[51,90250,90252],{"className":53,"code":90251,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,90253,90254,90274,90289],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90255,90256,90258,90260,90262,90265,90267,90269,90272],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90257,135],{"class":134},[60,90259,122],{"class":74},[60,90261,256],{"class":255},[60,90263,90264],{"class":259},"Debug:",[60,90266,256],{"class":255},[60,90268,82],{"class":74},[60,90270,90271],{"class":118}," variable_name",[60,90273,128],{"class":74},[60,90275,90276,90278,90280,90282,90284,90287],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,90277,135],{"class":134},[60,90279,122],{"class":74},[60,90281,1657],{"class":1656},[60,90283,122],{"class":74},[60,90285,90286],{"class":118},"variable_name",[60,90288,315],{"class":74},[60,90290,90291,90293,90295,90297],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,90292,32085],{"class":134},[60,90294,122],{"class":74},[60,90296,135],{"class":134},[60,90298,128],{"class":74},[20,90300,90301],{},"What they do:",[30,90303,90304,90310,90316],{},[33,90305,90306,90309],{},[15,90307,90308],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[33,90311,90312,90315],{},[15,90313,90314],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[33,90317,90318,90321,90322],{},[15,90319,90320],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,90323,46384],{},[46,90325,1773],{"id":1772},[553,90327,1777,90329,90331],{"id":90328},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,90330,46384],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,90333,90334,90335,90337,90338,36556],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,90336,46384],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,90339,52587],{},[553,90341,1796,90343,90345],{"id":90342},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,90344,46384],{}," show more than one value?",[20,90347,90348,90349,90351],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,90350,46384],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[553,90353,1821,90355,5108,90358,1435],{"id":90354},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,90356,90357],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,90359,3734],{},[20,90361,1438,90362,90364],{},[15,90363,46384],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[553,90366,90368],{"id":90367},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,90370,90371],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[51,90373,90375],{"className":53,"code":90374,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,90376,90377],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90378,90379,90381,90383,90385,90387,90389,90391,90393],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90380,135],{"class":134},[60,90382,122],{"class":74},[60,90384,256],{"class":255},[60,90386,89086],{"class":259},[60,90388,256],{"class":255},[60,90390,82],{"class":74},[60,90392,883],{"class":78},[60,90394,128],{"class":74},[20,90396,90397,90398,39863],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,90399,47614],{},[553,90401,5126,90403,544,90405,1435],{"id":90402},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90404,89226],{},[15,90406,52587],{},[30,90408,90409,90414],{},[33,90410,90411,90413],{},[15,90412,89226],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[33,90415,90416,90418],{},[15,90417,52587],{}," changes what appears after the output",[46,90420,1842],{"id":1841},[30,90422,90423,90427,90433,90439,90444,90449],{},[33,90424,90425],{},[260,90426,50905],{"href":50904},[33,90428,90429],{},[260,90430,1875,90431,3471],{"href":8159},[15,90432,2918],{},[33,90434,90435],{},[260,90436,1875,90437,3471],{"href":42107},[15,90438,47614],{},[33,90440,90441],{},[260,90442,90443],{"href":89452},"How to format strings in Python",[33,90445,90446],{},[260,90447,90448],{"href":89962},"How to debug Python code",[33,90450,90451],{},[260,90452,90166],{"href":90165},[1885,90454,90455],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":90457},[90458,90459,90461,90462,90468,90469,90470,90475,90481,90483,90485,90496,90497,90508],{"id":1971,"depth":104,"text":1972},{"id":88630,"depth":104,"text":90460},"What print() does",{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199},{"id":88866,"depth":104,"text":88867,"children":90463},[90464,90465,90466,90467],{"id":88875,"depth":131,"text":88876},{"id":88916,"depth":131,"text":88917},{"id":88948,"depth":131,"text":88949},{"id":88975,"depth":131,"text":88976},{"id":89017,"depth":104,"text":89018},{"id":89213,"depth":104,"text":89214},{"id":89253,"depth":104,"text":90471,"children":90472},"sep argument",[90473,90474],{"id":89266,"depth":131,"text":89267},{"id":89316,"depth":131,"text":89317},{"id":89456,"depth":104,"text":90476,"children":90477},"end argument",[90478,90479,90480],{"id":89470,"depth":131,"text":89267},{"id":89523,"depth":131,"text":89524},{"id":89579,"depth":131,"text":89580},{"id":89663,"depth":104,"text":90482},"print() returns None",{"id":89800,"depth":104,"text":90484},"When beginners use print()",{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351,"children":90486},[90487,90488,90490,90492,90494],{"id":89973,"depth":131,"text":89974},{"id":90021,"depth":131,"text":90489},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90065,"depth":131,"text":90491},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90169,"depth":131,"text":90493},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90211,"depth":131,"text":90495},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90241,"depth":104,"text":90242},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":90498},[90499,90501,90503,90505,90506],{"id":90328,"depth":131,"text":90500},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90342,"depth":131,"text":90502},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90354,"depth":131,"text":90504},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90367,"depth":131,"text":90368},{"id":90402,"depth":131,"text":90507},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88513,"description":90509},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90516,"title":90517,"body":90518,"description":92822,"extension":1930,"meta":92823,"navigation":421,"path":92824,"seo":92825,"stem":92826,"__hash__":92827},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90519,"toc":92768},[90520,90525,90530,90543,90545,90610,90621,90626,90631,90633,90656,90659,90690,90692,90709,90714,90720,90725,90774,90777,90794,90800,90805,90828,90830,90858,90864,90872,90899,90901,90926,90932,90935,90966,90968,90997,91001,91004,91009,91031,91033,91061,91067,91073,91099,91101,91125,91131,91137,91167,91169,91197,91207,91211,91217,91250,91252,91281,91284,91287,91320,91322,91330,91336,91338,91361,91366,91375,91380,91394,91396,91436,91438,91468,91472,91507,91513,91517,91561,91563,91593,91599,91602,91681,91683,91705,91713,91716,91779,91787,91862,91868,91875,91880,91885,91908,91910,91931,91933,91946,91948,91995,91997,92036,92045,92047,92051,92055,92058,92085,92088,92117,92120,92144,92147,92155,92161,92183,92185,92213,92217,92222,92277,92282,92284,92341,92348,92357,92360,92392,92394,92402,92405,92411,92413,92436,92439,92445,92448,92467,92469,92488,92491,92513,92515,92543,92547,92551,92656,92658,92671,92673,92679,92682,92690,92695,92701,92707,92712,92720,92726,92733,92735,92765],[10,90521,1875,90523,3541],{"id":90522},"python-range-function-explained",[15,90524,36132],{},[20,90526,32250,90527,90529],{},[15,90528,36132],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,90531,90532,90533,90535,90536,90538,90539,90542],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,90534,1702],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,90537,36132],{}," stops ",[3698,90540,90541],{},"before"," the end value.",[46,90544,1972],{"id":1971},[51,90546,90548],{"className":53,"code":90547,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,90549,90550,90566,90576,90580,90585,90590,90595,90600,90605],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90551,90552,90554,90556,90558,90560,90562,90564],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90553,1702],{"class":1537},[60,90555,69308],{"class":66},[60,90557,511],{"class":1537},[60,90559,53994],{"class":134},[60,90561,122],{"class":74},[60,90563,1086],{"class":78},[60,90565,8281],{"class":74},[60,90567,90568,90570,90572,90574],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,90569,1718],{"class":134},[60,90571,122],{"class":74},[60,90573,36088],{"class":118},[60,90575,128],{"class":74},[60,90577,90578],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,90579,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,90581,90582],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,90583,90584],{"class":146},"# Output:\n",[60,90586,90587],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,90588,90589],{"class":146},"# 0\n",[60,90591,90592],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,90593,90594],{"class":146},"# 1\n",[60,90596,90597],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,90598,90599],{"class":146},"# 2\n",[60,90601,90602],{"class":62,"line":6367},[60,90603,90604],{"class":146},"# 3\n",[60,90606,90607],{"class":62,"line":6373},[60,90608,90609],{"class":146},"# 4\n",[20,90611,90612,90615,90616,90618,90619,115],{},[15,90613,90614],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,90617,195],{}," and stopping before ",[15,90620,1086],{},[46,90622,158,90624,161],{"id":90623},"what-range-does",[15,90625,36132],{},[20,90627,90628,90630],{},[15,90629,36132],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,90632,12989],{},[30,90634,90635,90640,90646,90651],{},[33,90636,90637,90639],{},[15,90638,36132],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[33,90641,90642,90643,90645],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,90644,1702],{}," loops",[33,90647,90648,90649],{},"The stop value is ",[3698,90650,64829],{},[33,90652,17357,90653,90655],{},[15,90654,59757],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,90657,90658],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[51,90660,90662],{"className":53,"code":90661,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,90663,90664,90680],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90665,90666,90668,90670,90672,90674,90676,90678],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90667,1702],{"class":1537},[60,90669,6328],{"class":66},[60,90671,511],{"class":1537},[60,90673,53994],{"class":134},[60,90675,122],{"class":74},[60,90677,189],{"class":78},[60,90679,8281],{"class":74},[60,90681,90682,90684,90686,90688],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,90683,1718],{"class":134},[60,90685,122],{"class":74},[60,90687,2204],{"class":118},[60,90689,128],{"class":74},[20,90691,318],{},[51,90693,90695],{"className":53,"code":90694,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,90696,90697,90701,90705],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90698,90699],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90700,1107],{"class":78},[60,90702,90703],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,90704,46848],{"class":78},[60,90706,90707],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,90708,321],{"class":78},[20,90710,90711,90712,115],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[260,90713,35964],{"href":35963},[46,90715,90717,90719],{"id":90716},"range-syntax",[15,90718,36132],{}," syntax",[20,90721,90722,90724],{},[15,90723,36132],{}," has three common forms:",[51,90726,90728],{"className":53,"code":90727,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,90729,90730,90740,90755],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90731,90732,90734,90736,90738],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90733,59757],{"class":134},[60,90735,122],{"class":74},[60,90737,75186],{"class":118},[60,90739,128],{"class":74},[60,90741,90742,90744,90746,90748,90750,90753],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,90743,59757],{"class":134},[60,90745,122],{"class":74},[60,90747,36008],{"class":118},[60,90749,82],{"class":74},[60,90751,90752],{"class":118}," stop",[60,90754,128],{"class":74},[60,90756,90757,90759,90761,90763,90765,90767,90769,90772],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,90758,59757],{"class":134},[60,90760,122],{"class":74},[60,90762,36008],{"class":118},[60,90764,82],{"class":74},[60,90766,90752],{"class":118},[60,90768,82],{"class":74},[60,90770,90771],{"class":118}," step",[60,90773,128],{"class":74},[20,90775,90776],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[30,90778,90779,90784,90789],{},[33,90780,90781,90783],{},[15,90782,36008],{}," = first number",[33,90785,90786,90788],{},[15,90787,75186],{}," = end limit, not included",[33,90790,90791,90793],{},[15,90792,75189],{}," = amount to move each time",[553,90795,90797],{"id":90796},"rangestop",[15,90798,90799],{},"range(stop)",[20,90801,90802,90803,115],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,90804,195],{},[51,90806,90808],{"className":53,"code":90807,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,90809,90810],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90811,90812,90814,90816,90818,90820,90822,90824,90826],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90813,135],{"class":134},[60,90815,122],{"class":74},[60,90817,8033],{"class":1656},[60,90819,122],{"class":74},[60,90821,59757],{"class":134},[60,90823,122],{"class":74},[60,90825,1086],{"class":78},[60,90827,2872],{"class":74},[20,90829,318],{},[51,90831,90832],{"className":53,"code":59780,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,90833,90834],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90835,90836,90838,90840,90842,90844,90846,90848,90850,90852,90854,90856],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90837,3854],{"class":74},[60,90839,195],{"class":78},[60,90841,82],{"class":74},[60,90843,695],{"class":78},[60,90845,82],{"class":74},[60,90847,85],{"class":78},[60,90849,82],{"class":74},[60,90851,94],{"class":78},[60,90853,82],{"class":74},[60,90855,800],{"class":78},[60,90857,101],{"class":74},[553,90859,90861],{"id":90860},"rangestart-stop",[15,90862,90863],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,90865,90866,90867,90869,90870,115],{},"This starts at ",[15,90868,36008],{}," and stops before ",[15,90871,75186],{},[51,90873,90875],{"className":53,"code":90874,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,90876,90877],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90878,90879,90881,90883,90885,90887,90889,90891,90893,90895,90897],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90880,135],{"class":134},[60,90882,122],{"class":74},[60,90884,8033],{"class":1656},[60,90886,122],{"class":74},[60,90888,59757],{"class":134},[60,90890,122],{"class":74},[60,90892,125],{"class":78},[60,90894,82],{"class":74},[60,90896,37578],{"class":78},[60,90898,2872],{"class":74},[20,90900,318],{},[51,90902,90904],{"className":53,"code":90903,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,90905,90906],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90907,90908,90910,90912,90914,90916,90918,90920,90922,90924],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90909,3854],{"class":74},[60,90911,125],{"class":78},[60,90913,82],{"class":74},[60,90915,94],{"class":78},[60,90917,82],{"class":74},[60,90919,800],{"class":78},[60,90921,82],{"class":74},[60,90923,4555],{"class":78},[60,90925,101],{"class":74},[553,90927,90929],{"id":90928},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,90930,90931],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,90933,90934],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[51,90936,90938],{"className":53,"code":90937,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,90939,90940],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90941,90942,90944,90946,90948,90950,90952,90954,90956,90958,90960,90962,90964],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90943,135],{"class":134},[60,90945,122],{"class":74},[60,90947,8033],{"class":1656},[60,90949,122],{"class":74},[60,90951,59757],{"class":134},[60,90953,122],{"class":74},[60,90955,79],{"class":78},[60,90957,82],{"class":74},[60,90959,883],{"class":78},[60,90961,82],{"class":74},[60,90963,85],{"class":78},[60,90965,2872],{"class":74},[20,90967,318],{},[51,90969,90971],{"className":53,"code":90970,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,90972,90973],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90974,90975,90977,90979,90981,90983,90985,90987,90989,90991,90993,90995],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90976,3854],{"class":74},[60,90978,79],{"class":78},[60,90980,82],{"class":74},[60,90982,94],{"class":78},[60,90984,82],{"class":74},[60,90986,4555],{"class":78},[60,90988,82],{"class":74},[60,90990,5938],{"class":78},[60,90992,82],{"class":74},[60,90994,54060],{"class":78},[60,90996,101],{"class":74},[46,90998,91000],{"id":90999},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,91002,91003],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[553,91005,91007],{"id":91006},"range5",[15,91008,90614],{},[51,91010,91011],{"className":53,"code":90807,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,91012,91013],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91014,91015,91017,91019,91021,91023,91025,91027,91029],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91016,135],{"class":134},[60,91018,122],{"class":74},[60,91020,8033],{"class":1656},[60,91022,122],{"class":74},[60,91024,59757],{"class":134},[60,91026,122],{"class":74},[60,91028,1086],{"class":78},[60,91030,2872],{"class":74},[20,91032,318],{},[51,91034,91035],{"className":53,"code":59780,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,91036,91037],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91038,91039,91041,91043,91045,91047,91049,91051,91053,91055,91057,91059],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91040,3854],{"class":74},[60,91042,195],{"class":78},[60,91044,82],{"class":74},[60,91046,695],{"class":78},[60,91048,82],{"class":74},[60,91050,85],{"class":78},[60,91052,82],{"class":74},[60,91054,94],{"class":78},[60,91056,82],{"class":74},[60,91058,800],{"class":78},[60,91060,101],{"class":74},[20,91062,90866,91063,90869,91065,115],{},[15,91064,195],{},[15,91066,1086],{},[553,91068,91070],{"id":91069},"range2-6",[15,91071,91072],{},"range(2, 6)",[51,91074,91075],{"className":53,"code":90874,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,91076,91077],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91078,91079,91081,91083,91085,91087,91089,91091,91093,91095,91097],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91080,135],{"class":134},[60,91082,122],{"class":74},[60,91084,8033],{"class":1656},[60,91086,122],{"class":74},[60,91088,59757],{"class":134},[60,91090,122],{"class":74},[60,91092,125],{"class":78},[60,91094,82],{"class":74},[60,91096,37578],{"class":78},[60,91098,2872],{"class":74},[20,91100,318],{},[51,91102,91103],{"className":53,"code":90903,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,91104,91105],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91106,91107,91109,91111,91113,91115,91117,91119,91121,91123],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91108,3854],{"class":74},[60,91110,125],{"class":78},[60,91112,82],{"class":74},[60,91114,94],{"class":78},[60,91116,82],{"class":74},[60,91118,800],{"class":78},[60,91120,82],{"class":74},[60,91122,4555],{"class":78},[60,91124,101],{"class":74},[20,91126,90866,91127,90869,91129,115],{},[15,91128,125],{},[15,91130,80354],{},[553,91132,91134],{"id":91133},"range1-10-2",[15,91135,91136],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[51,91138,91139],{"className":53,"code":90937,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,91140,91141],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91142,91143,91145,91147,91149,91151,91153,91155,91157,91159,91161,91163,91165],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91144,135],{"class":134},[60,91146,122],{"class":74},[60,91148,8033],{"class":1656},[60,91150,122],{"class":74},[60,91152,59757],{"class":134},[60,91154,122],{"class":74},[60,91156,79],{"class":78},[60,91158,82],{"class":74},[60,91160,883],{"class":78},[60,91162,82],{"class":74},[60,91164,85],{"class":78},[60,91166,2872],{"class":74},[20,91168,318],{},[51,91170,91171],{"className":53,"code":90970,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,91172,91173],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91174,91175,91177,91179,91181,91183,91185,91187,91189,91191,91193,91195],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91176,3854],{"class":74},[60,91178,79],{"class":78},[60,91180,82],{"class":74},[60,91182,94],{"class":78},[60,91184,82],{"class":74},[60,91186,4555],{"class":78},[60,91188,82],{"class":74},[60,91190,5938],{"class":78},[60,91192,82],{"class":74},[60,91194,54060],{"class":78},[60,91196,101],{"class":74},[20,91198,91199,91200,91202,91203,61060,91205,115],{},"This moves by ",[15,91201,125],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,91204,79],{},[15,91206,2111],{},[553,91208,91210],{"id":91209},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,91212,91213,91214,91216],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,91215,36132],{}," count backward.",[51,91218,91220],{"className":53,"code":91219,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,91221,91222],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91223,91224,91226,91228,91230,91232,91234,91236,91238,91240,91242,91244,91246,91248],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91225,135],{"class":134},[60,91227,122],{"class":74},[60,91229,8033],{"class":1656},[60,91231,122],{"class":74},[60,91233,59757],{"class":134},[60,91235,122],{"class":74},[60,91237,1086],{"class":78},[60,91239,82],{"class":74},[60,91241,3789],{"class":78},[60,91243,82],{"class":74},[60,91245,2187],{"class":70},[60,91247,79],{"class":78},[60,91249,2872],{"class":74},[20,91251,318],{},[51,91253,91255],{"className":53,"code":91254,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,91256,91257],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91258,91259,91261,91263,91265,91267,91269,91271,91273,91275,91277,91279],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91260,3854],{"class":74},[60,91262,1086],{"class":78},[60,91264,82],{"class":74},[60,91266,800],{"class":78},[60,91268,82],{"class":74},[60,91270,94],{"class":78},[60,91272,82],{"class":74},[60,91274,85],{"class":78},[60,91276,82],{"class":74},[60,91278,695],{"class":78},[60,91280,101],{"class":74},[20,91282,91283],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,91285,91286],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[51,91288,91290],{"className":53,"code":91289,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,91291,91292],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91293,91294,91296,91298,91300,91302,91304,91306,91308,91310,91312,91314,91316,91318],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91295,135],{"class":134},[60,91297,122],{"class":74},[60,91299,8033],{"class":1656},[60,91301,122],{"class":74},[60,91303,59757],{"class":134},[60,91305,122],{"class":74},[60,91307,79],{"class":78},[60,91309,82],{"class":74},[60,91311,4555],{"class":78},[60,91313,82],{"class":74},[60,91315,2187],{"class":70},[60,91317,79],{"class":78},[60,91319,2872],{"class":74},[20,91321,318],{},[51,91323,91324],{"className":53,"code":38230,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,91325,91326],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91327,91328],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91329,38230],{"class":74},[553,91331,91332,76349,91334],{"id":76573},[15,91333,75189],{},[15,91335,195],{},[20,91337,2797],{},[51,91339,91341],{"className":53,"code":91340,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,91342,91343],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91344,91345,91347,91349,91351,91353,91355,91357,91359],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91346,59757],{"class":134},[60,91348,122],{"class":74},[60,91350,79],{"class":78},[60,91352,82],{"class":74},[60,91354,4555],{"class":78},[60,91356,82],{"class":74},[60,91358,3789],{"class":78},[60,91360,128],{"class":74},[20,91362,76618,91363,91365],{},[15,91364,40638],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[46,91367,8356,91369,91371,91372,91374],{"id":91368},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,91370,36132],{}," in a ",[15,91373,1702],{}," loop",[20,91376,91377,91379],{},[15,91378,36132],{}," is most useful when:",[30,91381,91382,91385,91388],{},[33,91383,91384],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[33,91386,91387],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[33,91389,91390,91391],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,91392,91393],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,91395,238],{},[51,91397,91399],{"className":53,"code":91398,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91400,91401,91417],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91402,91403,91405,91407,91409,91411,91413,91415],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91404,1702],{"class":1537},[60,91406,69308],{"class":66},[60,91408,511],{"class":1537},[60,91410,53994],{"class":134},[60,91412,122],{"class":74},[60,91414,189],{"class":78},[60,91416,8281],{"class":74},[60,91418,91419,91421,91423,91425,91428,91430,91432,91434],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,91420,1718],{"class":134},[60,91422,122],{"class":74},[60,91424,256],{"class":255},[60,91426,91427],{"class":259},"Loop number:",[60,91429,256],{"class":255},[60,91431,82],{"class":74},[60,91433,36064],{"class":118},[60,91435,128],{"class":74},[20,91437,318],{},[51,91439,91441],{"className":53,"code":91440,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91442,91443,91452,91460],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91444,91445,91448,91450],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91446,91447],{"class":66},"Loop number",[60,91449,166],{"class":74},[60,91451,38446],{"class":78},[60,91453,91454,91456,91458],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,91455,91447],{"class":66},[60,91457,166],{"class":74},[60,91459,29547],{"class":78},[60,91461,91462,91464,91466],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,91463,91447],{"class":66},[60,91465,166],{"class":74},[60,91467,45521],{"class":78},[553,91469,91471],{"id":91470},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[51,91473,91475],{"className":53,"code":91474,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91476,91477,91493],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91478,91479,91481,91483,91485,91487,91489,91491],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91480,1702],{"class":1537},[60,91482,69308],{"class":66},[60,91484,511],{"class":1537},[60,91486,53994],{"class":134},[60,91488,122],{"class":74},[60,91490,1086],{"class":78},[60,91492,8281],{"class":74},[60,91494,91495,91497,91499,91501,91503,91505],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,91496,1718],{"class":134},[60,91498,122],{"class":74},[60,91500,256],{"class":255},[60,91502,34801],{"class":259},[60,91504,256],{"class":255},[60,91506,128],{"class":74},[20,91508,91509,91510,91512],{},"This prints ",[15,91511,90178],{}," five times.",[553,91514,91516],{"id":91515},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[51,91518,91520],{"className":53,"code":91519,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,91521,91522,91542],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91523,91524,91526,91528,91530,91532,91534,91536,91538,91540],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91525,1702],{"class":1537},[60,91527,69308],{"class":66},[60,91529,511],{"class":1537},[60,91531,53994],{"class":134},[60,91533,122],{"class":74},[60,91535,79],{"class":78},[60,91537,82],{"class":74},[60,91539,800],{"class":78},[60,91541,8281],{"class":74},[60,91543,91544,91546,91548,91550,91553,91555,91557,91559],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,91545,1718],{"class":134},[60,91547,122],{"class":74},[60,91549,256],{"class":255},[60,91551,91552],{"class":259},"Current number is",[60,91554,256],{"class":255},[60,91556,82],{"class":74},[60,91558,36064],{"class":118},[60,91560,128],{"class":74},[20,91562,318],{},[51,91564,91566],{"className":53,"code":91565,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,91567,91568,91577,91585],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91569,91570,91573,91575],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91571,91572],{"class":66},"Current number ",[60,91574,12130],{"class":70},[60,91576,29547],{"class":78},[60,91578,91579,91581,91583],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,91580,91572],{"class":66},[60,91582,12130],{"class":70},[60,91584,45521],{"class":78},[60,91586,91587,91589,91591],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,91588,91572],{"class":66},[60,91590,12130],{"class":70},[60,91592,2538],{"class":78},[553,91594,91596,91598],{"id":91595},"range-and-indexing",[15,91597,36132],{}," and indexing",[20,91600,91601],{},"You may see code like this:",[51,91603,91605],{"className":53,"code":91604,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,91606,91607,91639,91643,91663],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91608,91609,91611,91613,91615,91617,91619,91621,91623,91625,91627,91629,91631,91633,91635,91637],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91610,777],{"class":66},[60,91612,71],{"class":70},[60,91614,75],{"class":74},[60,91616,256],{"class":255},[60,91618,260],{"class":259},[60,91620,256],{"class":255},[60,91622,82],{"class":74},[60,91624,267],{"class":255},[60,91626,270],{"class":259},[60,91628,256],{"class":255},[60,91630,82],{"class":74},[60,91632,267],{"class":255},[60,91634,287],{"class":259},[60,91636,256],{"class":255},[60,91638,101],{"class":74},[60,91640,91641],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,91642,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,91644,91645,91647,91649,91651,91653,91655,91657,91659,91661],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,91646,1702],{"class":1537},[60,91648,69308],{"class":66},[60,91650,511],{"class":1537},[60,91652,53994],{"class":134},[60,91654,122],{"class":74},[60,91656,11097],{"class":134},[60,91658,122],{"class":74},[60,91660,828],{"class":118},[60,91662,69323],{"class":74},[60,91664,91665,91667,91669,91671,91673,91675,91677,91679],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,91666,1718],{"class":134},[60,91668,122],{"class":74},[60,91670,36088],{"class":118},[60,91672,82],{"class":74},[60,91674,5910],{"class":118},[60,91676,3854],{"class":74},[60,91678,36088],{"class":118},[60,91680,1193],{"class":74},[20,91682,318],{},[51,91684,91685],{"className":53,"code":36100,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,91686,91687,91693,91699],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91688,91689,91691],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91690,195],{"class":78},[60,91692,36109],{"class":66},[60,91694,91695,91697],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,91696,79],{"class":78},[60,91698,36116],{"class":66},[60,91700,91701,91703],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,91702,125],{"class":78},[60,91704,36123],{"class":66},[20,91706,91707,91708,91712],{},"This works, and it uses ",[260,91709,91710],{"href":42290},[15,91711,1878],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,91714,91715],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[51,91717,91719],{"className":53,"code":91718,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,91720,91721,91753,91757,91769],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91722,91723,91725,91727,91729,91731,91733,91735,91737,91739,91741,91743,91745,91747,91749,91751],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91724,777],{"class":66},[60,91726,71],{"class":70},[60,91728,75],{"class":74},[60,91730,256],{"class":255},[60,91732,260],{"class":259},[60,91734,256],{"class":255},[60,91736,82],{"class":74},[60,91738,267],{"class":255},[60,91740,270],{"class":259},[60,91742,256],{"class":255},[60,91744,82],{"class":74},[60,91746,267],{"class":255},[60,91748,287],{"class":259},[60,91750,256],{"class":255},[60,91752,101],{"class":74},[60,91754,91755],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,91756,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,91758,91759,91761,91763,91765,91767],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,91760,1702],{"class":1537},[60,91762,1705],{"class":66},[60,91764,511],{"class":1537},[60,91766,5910],{"class":66},[60,91768,1712],{"class":74},[60,91770,91771,91773,91775,91777],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,91772,1718],{"class":134},[60,91774,122],{"class":74},[60,91776,1728],{"class":118},[60,91778,128],{"class":74},[20,91780,36527,91781,91786],{},[260,91782,91784],{"href":91783},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,91785,35684],{}," is usually a better choice:",[51,91788,91790],{"className":53,"code":91789,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,91791,91792,91824,91828,91848],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91793,91794,91796,91798,91800,91802,91804,91806,91808,91810,91812,91814,91816,91818,91820,91822],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91795,777],{"class":66},[60,91797,71],{"class":70},[60,91799,75],{"class":74},[60,91801,256],{"class":255},[60,91803,260],{"class":259},[60,91805,256],{"class":255},[60,91807,82],{"class":74},[60,91809,267],{"class":255},[60,91811,270],{"class":259},[60,91813,256],{"class":255},[60,91815,82],{"class":74},[60,91817,267],{"class":255},[60,91819,287],{"class":259},[60,91821,256],{"class":255},[60,91823,101],{"class":74},[60,91825,91826],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,91827,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,91829,91830,91832,91834,91836,91838,91840,91842,91844,91846],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,91831,1702],{"class":1537},[60,91833,35756],{"class":66},[60,91835,82],{"class":74},[60,91837,1705],{"class":66},[60,91839,511],{"class":1537},[60,91841,35766],{"class":134},[60,91843,122],{"class":74},[60,91845,828],{"class":118},[60,91847,8281],{"class":74},[60,91849,91850,91852,91854,91856,91858,91860],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,91851,1718],{"class":134},[60,91853,122],{"class":74},[60,91855,35781],{"class":118},[60,91857,82],{"class":74},[60,91859,29439],{"class":118},[60,91861,128],{"class":74},[20,91863,78878,91864,115],{},[260,91865,36540,91866,36543],{"href":36539},[15,91867,35684],{},[46,91869,91871,91872,91874],{"id":91870},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,91873,36132],{}," to a list",[20,91876,91877,91879],{},[15,91878,36132],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,91881,91882,91883,166],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,91884,24713],{},[51,91886,91888],{"className":53,"code":91887,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,91889,91890],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91891,91892,91894,91896,91898,91900,91902,91904,91906],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91893,135],{"class":134},[60,91895,122],{"class":74},[60,91897,8033],{"class":1656},[60,91899,122],{"class":74},[60,91901,59757],{"class":134},[60,91903,122],{"class":74},[60,91905,189],{"class":78},[60,91907,2872],{"class":74},[20,91909,318],{},[51,91911,91913],{"className":53,"code":91912,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,91914,91915],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91916,91917,91919,91921,91923,91925,91927,91929],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91918,3854],{"class":74},[60,91920,195],{"class":78},[60,91922,82],{"class":74},[60,91924,695],{"class":78},[60,91926,82],{"class":74},[60,91928,85],{"class":78},[60,91930,101],{"class":74},[20,91932,33245],{},[30,91934,91935,91940,91943],{},[33,91936,91937,91938,42018],{},"learning how ",[15,91939,36132],{},[33,91941,91942],{},"checking your values",[33,91944,91945],{},"debugging code",[20,91947,5418],{},[51,91949,91951],{"className":53,"code":91950,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,91952,91953,91967,91971,91981],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91954,91955,91957,91959,91961,91963,91965],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91956,67],{"class":66},[60,91958,71],{"class":70},[60,91960,53994],{"class":134},[60,91962,122],{"class":74},[60,91964,2465],{"class":78},[60,91966,128],{"class":74},[60,91968,91969],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,91970,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,91972,91973,91975,91977,91979],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,91974,135],{"class":134},[60,91976,122],{"class":74},[60,91978,1506],{"class":118},[60,91980,128],{"class":74},[60,91982,91983,91985,91987,91989,91991,91993],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,91984,135],{"class":134},[60,91986,122],{"class":74},[60,91988,8033],{"class":1656},[60,91990,122],{"class":74},[60,91992,1506],{"class":118},[60,91994,315],{"class":74},[20,91996,318],{},[51,91998,92000],{"className":53,"code":91999,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,92001,92002,92016],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92003,92004,92006,92008,92010,92012,92014],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92005,59757],{"class":134},[60,92007,122],{"class":74},[60,92009,195],{"class":78},[60,92011,82],{"class":74},[60,92013,800],{"class":78},[60,92015,128],{"class":74},[60,92017,92018,92020,92022,92024,92026,92028,92030,92032,92034],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,92019,3854],{"class":74},[60,92021,195],{"class":78},[60,92023,82],{"class":74},[60,92025,695],{"class":78},[60,92027,82],{"class":74},[60,92029,85],{"class":78},[60,92031,82],{"class":74},[60,92033,94],{"class":78},[60,92035,101],{"class":74},[20,92037,92038,92039,10521,92041,92044],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,92040,59757],{},[15,92042,92043],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[46,92046,4468],{"id":4467},[20,92048,33474,92049,115],{},[15,92050,36132],{},[553,92052,92054],{"id":92053},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,92056,92057],{},"Many beginners think this:",[51,92059,92061],{"className":53,"code":92060,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,92062,92063],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92064,92065,92067,92069,92071,92073,92075,92077,92079,92081,92083],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92066,135],{"class":134},[60,92068,122],{"class":74},[60,92070,8033],{"class":1656},[60,92072,122],{"class":74},[60,92074,59757],{"class":134},[60,92076,122],{"class":74},[60,92078,79],{"class":78},[60,92080,82],{"class":74},[60,92082,4555],{"class":78},[60,92084,2872],{"class":74},[20,92086,92087],{},"will produce:",[51,92089,92091],{"className":53,"code":92090,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,92092,92093],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92094,92095,92097,92099,92101,92103,92105,92107,92109,92111,92113,92115],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92096,3854],{"class":74},[60,92098,79],{"class":78},[60,92100,82],{"class":74},[60,92102,85],{"class":78},[60,92104,82],{"class":74},[60,92106,94],{"class":78},[60,92108,82],{"class":74},[60,92110,800],{"class":78},[60,92112,82],{"class":74},[60,92114,4555],{"class":78},[60,92116,101],{"class":74},[20,92118,92119],{},"But the real output is:",[51,92121,92122],{"className":53,"code":53430,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,92123,92124],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92125,92126,92128,92130,92132,92134,92136,92138,92140,92142],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92127,3854],{"class":74},[60,92129,79],{"class":78},[60,92131,82],{"class":74},[60,92133,85],{"class":78},[60,92135,82],{"class":74},[60,92137,94],{"class":78},[60,92139,82],{"class":74},[60,92141,800],{"class":78},[60,92143,101],{"class":74},[20,92145,92146],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[553,92148,4529,92150,92152,92153],{"id":92149},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,92151,90614],{}," starts at ",[15,92154,79],{},[20,92156,37402,92157,18897,92159,115],{},[15,92158,195],{},[15,92160,79],{},[51,92162,92163],{"className":53,"code":90807,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,92164,92165],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92166,92167,92169,92171,92173,92175,92177,92179,92181],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92168,135],{"class":134},[60,92170,122],{"class":74},[60,92172,8033],{"class":1656},[60,92174,122],{"class":74},[60,92176,59757],{"class":134},[60,92178,122],{"class":74},[60,92180,1086],{"class":78},[60,92182,2872],{"class":74},[20,92184,318],{},[51,92186,92187],{"className":53,"code":59780,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,92188,92189],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92190,92191,92193,92195,92197,92199,92201,92203,92205,92207,92209,92211],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92192,3854],{"class":74},[60,92194,195],{"class":78},[60,92196,82],{"class":74},[60,92198,695],{"class":78},[60,92200,82],{"class":74},[60,92202,85],{"class":78},[60,92204,82],{"class":74},[60,92206,94],{"class":78},[60,92208,82],{"class":74},[60,92210,800],{"class":78},[60,92212,101],{"class":74},[553,92214,92216],{"id":92215},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,92218,92219,92220,166],{},"This often happens with ",[15,92221,2918],{},[51,92223,92225],{"className":53,"code":92224,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92226,92227,92246,92250,92267],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92228,92229,92232,92234,92236,92238,92240,92242,92244],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92230,92231],{"class":66},"user_number ",[60,92233,71],{"class":70},[60,92235,8182],{"class":134},[60,92237,122],{"class":74},[60,92239,256],{"class":255},[60,92241,41804],{"class":259},[60,92243,256],{"class":255},[60,92245,128],{"class":74},[60,92247,92248],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,92249,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,92251,92252,92254,92256,92258,92260,92262,92265],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,92253,1702],{"class":1537},[60,92255,69308],{"class":66},[60,92257,511],{"class":1537},[60,92259,53994],{"class":134},[60,92261,122],{"class":74},[60,92263,92264],{"class":118},"user_number",[60,92266,8281],{"class":74},[60,92268,92269,92271,92273,92275],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,92270,1718],{"class":134},[60,92272,122],{"class":74},[60,92274,36088],{"class":118},[60,92276,128],{"class":74},[20,92278,48441,92279,92281],{},[15,92280,2918],{}," returns a string.",[20,92283,10743],{},[51,92285,92287],{"className":53,"code":92286,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92288,92289,92311,92315,92331],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92290,92291,92293,92295,92297,92299,92301,92303,92305,92307,92309],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92292,92231],{"class":66},[60,92294,71],{"class":70},[60,92296,45208],{"class":1656},[60,92298,122],{"class":74},[60,92300,42394],{"class":134},[60,92302,122],{"class":74},[60,92304,256],{"class":255},[60,92306,41804],{"class":259},[60,92308,256],{"class":255},[60,92310,315],{"class":74},[60,92312,92313],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,92314,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,92316,92317,92319,92321,92323,92325,92327,92329],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,92318,1702],{"class":1537},[60,92320,69308],{"class":66},[60,92322,511],{"class":1537},[60,92324,53994],{"class":134},[60,92326,122],{"class":74},[60,92328,92264],{"class":118},[60,92330,8281],{"class":74},[60,92332,92333,92335,92337,92339],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,92334,1718],{"class":134},[60,92336,122],{"class":74},[60,92338,36088],{"class":118},[60,92340,128],{"class":74},[20,92342,92343,92344,115],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[260,92345,50454,92346],{"href":50453},[15,92347,50457],{},[553,92349,92351,92352,92354,92355],{"id":92350},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,92353,36008],{}," smaller than ",[15,92356,75186],{},[20,92358,92359],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[51,92361,92362],{"className":53,"code":91289,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,92363,92364],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92365,92366,92368,92370,92372,92374,92376,92378,92380,92382,92384,92386,92388,92390],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92367,135],{"class":134},[60,92369,122],{"class":74},[60,92371,8033],{"class":1656},[60,92373,122],{"class":74},[60,92375,59757],{"class":134},[60,92377,122],{"class":74},[60,92379,79],{"class":78},[60,92381,82],{"class":74},[60,92383,4555],{"class":78},[60,92385,82],{"class":74},[60,92387,2187],{"class":70},[60,92389,79],{"class":78},[60,92391,2872],{"class":74},[20,92393,318],{},[51,92395,92396],{"className":53,"code":38230,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,92397,92398],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92399,92400],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92401,38230],{"class":74},[20,92403,92404],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[553,92406,25549,92408],{"id":92407},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92409,92410],{},"step = 0",[20,92412,77329],{},[51,92414,92416],{"className":53,"code":92415,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92417,92418],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92419,92420,92422,92424,92426,92428,92430,92432,92434],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92421,59757],{"class":134},[60,92423,122],{"class":74},[60,92425,79],{"class":78},[60,92427,82],{"class":74},[60,92429,883],{"class":78},[60,92431,82],{"class":74},[60,92433,3789],{"class":78},[60,92435,128],{"class":74},[20,92437,92438],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[553,92440,4655,92442,92444],{"id":92441},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92443,36132],{}," is not a list",[20,92446,92447],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[51,92449,92451],{"className":53,"code":92450,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92452,92453],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92454,92455,92457,92459,92461,92463,92465],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92456,135],{"class":134},[60,92458,122],{"class":74},[60,92460,59757],{"class":134},[60,92462,122],{"class":74},[60,92464,1086],{"class":78},[60,92466,315],{"class":74},[20,92468,318],{},[51,92470,92472],{"className":53,"code":92471,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,92473,92474],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92475,92476,92478,92480,92482,92484,92486],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92477,59757],{"class":134},[60,92479,122],{"class":74},[60,92481,195],{"class":78},[60,92483,82],{"class":74},[60,92485,4555],{"class":78},[60,92487,128],{"class":74},[20,92489,92490],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[51,92492,92493],{"className":53,"code":90807,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,92494,92495],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92496,92497,92499,92501,92503,92505,92507,92509,92511],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92498,135],{"class":134},[60,92500,122],{"class":74},[60,92502,8033],{"class":1656},[60,92504,122],{"class":74},[60,92506,59757],{"class":134},[60,92508,122],{"class":74},[60,92510,1086],{"class":78},[60,92512,2872],{"class":74},[20,92514,318],{},[51,92516,92517],{"className":53,"code":59780,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,92518,92519],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92520,92521,92523,92525,92527,92529,92531,92533,92535,92537,92539,92541],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92522,3854],{"class":74},[60,92524,195],{"class":78},[60,92526,82],{"class":74},[60,92528,695],{"class":78},[60,92530,82],{"class":74},[60,92532,85],{"class":78},[60,92534,82],{"class":74},[60,92536,94],{"class":78},[60,92538,82],{"class":74},[60,92540,800],{"class":78},[60,92542,101],{"class":74},[46,92544,92546],{"id":92545},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,92548,8810,92549,82100],{},[15,92550,36132],{},[51,92552,92554],{"className":53,"code":92553,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,92555,92556,92570,92588,92610,92638],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92557,92558,92560,92562,92564,92566,92568],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92559,135],{"class":134},[60,92561,122],{"class":74},[60,92563,59757],{"class":134},[60,92565,122],{"class":74},[60,92567,1086],{"class":78},[60,92569,315],{"class":74},[60,92571,92572,92574,92576,92578,92580,92582,92584,92586],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,92573,135],{"class":134},[60,92575,122],{"class":74},[60,92577,8033],{"class":1656},[60,92579,122],{"class":74},[60,92581,59757],{"class":134},[60,92583,122],{"class":74},[60,92585,1086],{"class":78},[60,92587,2872],{"class":74},[60,92589,92590,92592,92594,92596,92598,92600,92602,92604,92606,92608],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,92591,135],{"class":134},[60,92593,122],{"class":74},[60,92595,8033],{"class":1656},[60,92597,122],{"class":74},[60,92599,59757],{"class":134},[60,92601,122],{"class":74},[60,92603,125],{"class":78},[60,92605,82],{"class":74},[60,92607,6301],{"class":78},[60,92609,2872],{"class":74},[60,92611,92612,92614,92616,92618,92620,92622,92624,92626,92628,92630,92632,92634,92636],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,92613,135],{"class":134},[60,92615,122],{"class":74},[60,92617,8033],{"class":1656},[60,92619,122],{"class":74},[60,92621,59757],{"class":134},[60,92623,122],{"class":74},[60,92625,873],{"class":78},[60,92627,82],{"class":74},[60,92629,3789],{"class":78},[60,92631,82],{"class":74},[60,92633,2187],{"class":70},[60,92635,125],{"class":78},[60,92637,2872],{"class":74},[60,92639,92640,92642,92644,92646,92648,92650,92652,92654],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,92641,135],{"class":134},[60,92643,122],{"class":74},[60,92645,1657],{"class":1656},[60,92647,122],{"class":74},[60,92649,59757],{"class":134},[60,92651,122],{"class":74},[60,92653,1086],{"class":78},[60,92655,2872],{"class":74},[20,92657,25941],{},[30,92659,92660,92663,92666],{},[33,92661,92662],{},"what values are being created",[33,92664,92665],{},"whether the direction is correct",[33,92667,92668,92669,24549],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,92670,59757],{},[46,92672,1773],{"id":1772},[553,92674,1777,92676,92678],{"id":92675},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,92677,36132],{}," include the last number?",[20,92680,92681],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[553,92683,1821,92685,92687,92688,1435],{"id":92684},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,92686,90614],{}," start at ",[15,92689,195],{},[20,92691,92692,92693,115],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,92694,195],{},[553,92696,1796,92698,92700],{"id":92697},"can-range-count-backward",[15,92699,36132],{}," count backward?",[20,92702,92703,92704,115],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,92705,92706],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[553,92708,1806,92710,25976],{"id":92709},"is-range-a-list",[15,92711,36132],{},[20,92713,25979,92714,92716,92717,23870],{},[15,92715,59757],{}," object. Use ",[15,92718,92719],{},"list(range(...))",[553,92721,1821,92723,48615],{"id":92722},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,92724,92725],{},"range(input())",[20,92727,92728,3446,92730,115],{},[15,92729,2918],{},[15,92731,92732],{},"int(input())",[46,92734,1842],{"id":1841},[30,92736,92737,92741,92747,92753,92759],{},[33,92738,92739],{},[260,92740,35964],{"href":35963},[33,92742,92743],{},[260,92744,1875,92745,3471],{"href":42290},[15,92746,1878],{},[33,92748,92749],{},[260,92750,1875,92751,3471],{"href":91783},[15,92752,35684],{},[33,92754,92755],{},[260,92756,37453,92757,36543],{"href":36539},[15,92758,35684],{},[33,92760,92761],{},[260,92762,50454,92763],{"href":50453},[15,92764,50457],{},[1885,92766,92767],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":92769},[92770,92771,92773,92779,92787,92794,92796,92808,92809,92821],{"id":1971,"depth":104,"text":1972},{"id":90623,"depth":104,"text":92772},"What range() does",{"id":90716,"depth":104,"text":92774,"children":92775},"range() syntax",[92776,92777,92778],{"id":90796,"depth":131,"text":90799},{"id":90860,"depth":131,"text":90863},{"id":90928,"depth":131,"text":90931},{"id":90999,"depth":104,"text":91000,"children":92780},[92781,92782,92783,92784,92785],{"id":91006,"depth":131,"text":90614},{"id":91069,"depth":131,"text":91072},{"id":91133,"depth":131,"text":91136},{"id":91209,"depth":131,"text":91210},{"id":76573,"depth":131,"text":92786},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91368,"depth":104,"text":92788,"children":92789},"Using range() in a for loop",[92790,92791,92792],{"id":91470,"depth":131,"text":91471},{"id":91515,"depth":131,"text":91516},{"id":91595,"depth":131,"text":92793},"range() and indexing",{"id":91870,"depth":104,"text":92795},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":4467,"depth":104,"text":4468,"children":92797},[92798,92799,92801,92802,92804,92806],{"id":92053,"depth":131,"text":92054},{"id":92149,"depth":131,"text":92800},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92215,"depth":131,"text":92216},{"id":92350,"depth":131,"text":92803},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92407,"depth":131,"text":92805},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92441,"depth":131,"text":92807},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92545,"depth":104,"text":92546},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":92810},[92811,92813,92815,92817,92819],{"id":92675,"depth":131,"text":92812},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92684,"depth":131,"text":92814},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92697,"depth":131,"text":92816},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92709,"depth":131,"text":92818},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92722,"depth":131,"text":92820},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90517,"description":92822},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":92829,"title":92830,"body":92831,"description":94504,"extension":1930,"meta":94505,"navigation":421,"path":94506,"seo":94507,"stem":94508,"__hash__":94509},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":92832,"toc":94477},[92833,92842,92849,92866,92882,92884,92933,92941,92945,92948,92968,92970,93034,93036,93079,93082,93128,93130,93163,93173,93179,93187,93204,93206,93237,93239,93264,93269,93280,93283,93353,93355,93386,93391,93396,93413,93415,93466,93468,93501,93504,93511,93516,93520,93536,93538,93582,93584,93630,93633,93646,93651,93655,93669,93671,93722,93724,93757,93762,93764,93771,93773,93796,93798,93863,93865,93882,93885,93918,93920,93948,93958,93965,93969,93972,93990,93993,94021,94024,94042,94047,94053,94056,94078,94080,94108,94110,94113,94138,94141,94254,94256,94335,94337,94343,94348,94356,94364,94368,94371,94373,94406,94408,94416,94422,94429,94436,94439,94441,94474],[10,92834,1875,92836,10521,92838,92841],{"id":92835},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,92837,36132],{},[15,92839,92840],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,92843,92844,544,92846,92848],{},[15,92845,36132],{},[15,92847,92840],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[30,92850,92851,92859],{},[33,92852,92853,92855,92856],{},[15,92854,36132],{}," creates a ",[3698,92857,92858],{},"range object",[33,92860,92861,92855,92863],{},[15,92862,92840],{},[3698,92864,92865],{},"real list",[20,92867,92868,92869,92871,92872,92875,92876,92878,92879,92881],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,92870,90614],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,92873,92874],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,92877,36132],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,92880,92840],{}," when you actually need a list.",[46,92883,49],{"id":48},[51,92885,92887],{"className":53,"code":92886,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,92888,92889,92903,92916],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92890,92891,92893,92895,92897,92899,92901],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92892,67],{"class":66},[60,92894,71],{"class":70},[60,92896,53994],{"class":134},[60,92898,122],{"class":74},[60,92900,1086],{"class":78},[60,92902,128],{"class":74},[60,92904,92905,92907,92909,92911,92913],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,92906,135],{"class":134},[60,92908,122],{"class":74},[60,92910,1506],{"class":118},[60,92912,143],{"class":74},[60,92914,92915],{"class":146},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[60,92917,92918,92920,92922,92924,92926,92928,92930],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,92919,135],{"class":134},[60,92921,122],{"class":74},[60,92923,8033],{"class":1656},[60,92925,122],{"class":74},[60,92927,1506],{"class":118},[60,92929,446],{"class":74},[60,92931,92932],{"class":146},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,92934,150,92935,92937,92938,92940],{},[15,92936,36132],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,92939,92840],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[46,92942,92944],{"id":92943},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,92946,92947],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[30,92949,92950,92957,92962,92965],{},[33,92951,92952,21908,92954,92956],{},[15,92953,36132],{},[3698,92955,92858],{},", not a list",[33,92958,92959,92961],{},[15,92960,92840],{}," converts that range object into a list",[33,92963,92964],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[33,92966,92967],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,92969,238],{},[51,92971,92973],{"className":53,"code":92972,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,92974,92975,92990,93009,93013,93023],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92976,92977,92980,92982,92984,92986,92988],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92978,92979],{"class":66},"r ",[60,92981,71],{"class":70},[60,92983,53994],{"class":134},[60,92985,122],{"class":74},[60,92987,1086],{"class":78},[60,92989,128],{"class":74},[60,92991,92992,92995,92997,92999,93001,93003,93005,93007],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,92993,92994],{"class":66},"lst ",[60,92996,71],{"class":70},[60,92998,22492],{"class":1656},[60,93000,122],{"class":74},[60,93002,59757],{"class":134},[60,93004,122],{"class":74},[60,93006,1086],{"class":78},[60,93008,315],{"class":74},[60,93010,93011],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,93012,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,93014,93015,93017,93019,93021],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,93016,135],{"class":134},[60,93018,122],{"class":74},[60,93020,60264],{"class":118},[60,93022,128],{"class":74},[60,93024,93025,93027,93029,93032],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,93026,135],{"class":134},[60,93028,122],{"class":74},[60,93030,93031],{"class":118},"lst",[60,93033,128],{"class":74},[20,93035,318],{},[51,93037,93039],{"className":53,"code":93038,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93040,93041,93055],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93042,93043,93045,93047,93049,93051,93053],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,93044,59757],{"class":134},[60,93046,122],{"class":74},[60,93048,195],{"class":78},[60,93050,82],{"class":74},[60,93052,4555],{"class":78},[60,93054,128],{"class":74},[60,93056,93057,93059,93061,93063,93065,93067,93069,93071,93073,93075,93077],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,93058,3854],{"class":74},[60,93060,195],{"class":78},[60,93062,82],{"class":74},[60,93064,695],{"class":78},[60,93066,82],{"class":74},[60,93068,85],{"class":78},[60,93070,82],{"class":74},[60,93072,94],{"class":78},[60,93074,82],{"class":74},[60,93076,800],{"class":78},[60,93078,101],{"class":74},[20,93080,93081],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[51,93083,93085],{"className":53,"code":93084,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,93086,93087,93105],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93088,93089,93091,93093,93095,93097,93099,93101,93103],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,93090,135],{"class":134},[60,93092,122],{"class":74},[60,93094,1657],{"class":1656},[60,93096,122],{"class":74},[60,93098,59757],{"class":134},[60,93100,122],{"class":74},[60,93102,1086],{"class":78},[60,93104,2872],{"class":74},[60,93106,93107,93109,93111,93113,93115,93117,93119,93121,93123,93125],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,93108,135],{"class":134},[60,93110,122],{"class":74},[60,93112,1657],{"class":1656},[60,93114,122],{"class":74},[60,93116,8033],{"class":1656},[60,93118,122],{"class":74},[60,93120,59757],{"class":134},[60,93122,122],{"class":74},[60,93124,1086],{"class":78},[60,93126,93127],{"class":74},"))))\n",[20,93129,318],{},[51,93131,93133],{"className":53,"code":93132,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,93134,93135,93149],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93136,93137,93139,93141,93143,93145,93147],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,93138,3250],{"class":70},[60,93140,3253],{"class":2033},[60,93142,3256],{"class":255},[60,93144,59757],{"class":259},[60,93146,3261],{"class":255},[60,93148,3264],{"class":70},[60,93150,93151,93153,93155,93157,93159,93161],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,93152,3250],{"class":70},[60,93154,3253],{"class":2033},[60,93156,3256],{"class":255},[60,93158,8033],{"class":259},[60,93160,3261],{"class":255},[60,93162,3264],{"class":70},[20,93164,93165,93166,93168,93169,115],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,93167,36132],{}," works, see ",[260,93170,1875,93171,3471],{"href":92824},[15,93172,36132],{},[46,93174,158,93176,93178],{"id":93175},"what-range-gives-you",[15,93177,36132],{}," gives you",[20,93180,93181,93183,93184,93186],{},[15,93182,36132],{}," is most often used in ",[15,93185,1702],{}," loops.",[30,93188,93189,93192,93195,93198],{},[33,93190,93191],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[33,93193,93194],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[33,93196,93197],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[33,93199,93200,93201],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,93202,93203],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,93205,238],{},[51,93207,93209],{"className":53,"code":93208,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93210,93211,93227],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93212,93213,93215,93217,93219,93221,93223,93225],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,93214,1702],{"class":1537},[60,93216,69308],{"class":66},[60,93218,511],{"class":1537},[60,93220,53994],{"class":134},[60,93222,122],{"class":74},[60,93224,1086],{"class":78},[60,93226,8281],{"class":74},[60,93228,93229,93231,93233,93235],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,93230,1718],{"class":134},[60,93232,122],{"class":74},[60,93234,36088],{"class":118},[60,93236,128],{"class":74},[20,93238,318],{},[51,93240,93242],{"className":53,"code":93241,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,93243,93244,93248,93252,93256,93260],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93245,93246],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,93247,1107],{"class":78},[60,93249,93250],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,93251,46848],{"class":78},[60,93253,93254],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,93255,321],{"class":78},[60,93257,93258],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,93259,931],{"class":78},[60,93261,93262],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,93263,48581],{"class":78},[20,93265,20704,93266,93268],{},[15,93267,90614],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,93270,93271,93272,93274,93275,115],{},"This is one reason ",[15,93273,36132],{}," is so common with ",[260,93276,1875,93278,90645],{"href":93277},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,93279,1702],{},[20,93281,93282],{},"You can also inspect it:",[51,93284,93286],{"className":53,"code":93285,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,93287,93288,93310,93314,93324,93338],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93289,93290,93292,93294,93296,93298,93300,93302,93304,93306,93308],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,93291,92979],{"class":66},[60,93293,71],{"class":70},[60,93295,53994],{"class":134},[60,93297,122],{"class":74},[60,93299,125],{"class":78},[60,93301,82],{"class":74},[60,93303,883],{"class":78},[60,93305,82],{"class":74},[60,93307,85],{"class":78},[60,93309,128],{"class":74},[60,93311,93312],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,93313,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,93315,93316,93318,93320,93322],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,93317,135],{"class":134},[60,93319,122],{"class":74},[60,93321,60264],{"class":118},[60,93323,128],{"class":74},[60,93325,93326,93328,93330,93332,93334,93336],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,93327,135],{"class":134},[60,93329,122],{"class":74},[60,93331,11097],{"class":134},[60,93333,122],{"class":74},[60,93335,60264],{"class":118},[60,93337,315],{"class":74},[60,93339,93340,93342,93344,93346,93348,93351],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,93341,135],{"class":134},[60,93343,122],{"class":74},[60,93345,80354],{"class":78},[60,93347,1538],{"class":1537},[60,93349,93350],{"class":118}," r",[60,93352,128],{"class":74},[20,93354,318],{},[51,93356,93358],{"className":53,"code":93357,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,93359,93360,93378,93382],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93361,93362,93364,93366,93368,93370,93372,93374,93376],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,93363,59757],{"class":134},[60,93365,122],{"class":74},[60,93367,125],{"class":78},[60,93369,82],{"class":74},[60,93371,883],{"class":78},[60,93373,82],{"class":74},[60,93375,85],{"class":78},[60,93377,128],{"class":74},[60,93379,93380],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,93381,48581],{"class":78},[60,93383,93384],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,93385,3933],{"class":685},[46,93387,158,93389,93178],{"id":93388},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,93390,92840],{},[20,93392,93393,93395],{},[15,93394,92840],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[30,93397,93398,93401,93404,93407],{},[33,93399,93400],{},"It creates all values at once",[33,93402,93403],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[33,93405,93406],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[33,93408,93409,93410,93412],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93411,36132],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93414,238],{},[51,93416,93418],{"className":53,"code":93417,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93419,93420,93438,93442,93452],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93421,93422,93424,93426,93428,93430,93432,93434,93436],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,93423,67],{"class":66},[60,93425,71],{"class":70},[60,93427,22492],{"class":1656},[60,93429,122],{"class":74},[60,93431,59757],{"class":134},[60,93433,122],{"class":74},[60,93435,1086],{"class":78},[60,93437,315],{"class":74},[60,93439,93440],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,93441,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,93443,93444,93446,93448,93450],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,93445,135],{"class":134},[60,93447,122],{"class":74},[60,93449,1506],{"class":118},[60,93451,128],{"class":74},[60,93453,93454,93456,93458,93460,93462,93464],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,93455,135],{"class":134},[60,93457,122],{"class":74},[60,93459,1506],{"class":118},[60,93461,3854],{"class":74},[60,93463,125],{"class":78},[60,93465,1193],{"class":74},[20,93467,318],{},[51,93469,93471],{"className":53,"code":93470,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93472,93473,93497],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93474,93475,93477,93479,93481,93483,93485,93487,93489,93491,93493,93495],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,93476,3854],{"class":74},[60,93478,195],{"class":78},[60,93480,82],{"class":74},[60,93482,695],{"class":78},[60,93484,82],{"class":74},[60,93486,85],{"class":78},[60,93488,82],{"class":74},[60,93490,94],{"class":78},[60,93492,82],{"class":74},[60,93494,800],{"class":78},[60,93496,101],{"class":74},[60,93498,93499],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,93500,321],{"class":78},[20,93502,93503],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,93505,93506,93507,115],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[260,93508,1875,93509,3471],{"href":64607},[15,93510,24713],{},[46,93512,1221,93514],{"id":93513},"when-to-use-range",[15,93515,36132],{},[20,93517,150,93518,10537],{},[15,93519,36132],{},[30,93521,93522,93527,93530,93533],{},[33,93523,93524,93525,91374],{},"You are writing a ",[15,93526,1702],{},[33,93528,93529],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[33,93531,93532],{},"You are working with large sequences",[33,93534,93535],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,93537,238],{},[51,93539,93541],{"className":53,"code":93540,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,93542,93543,93563],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93544,93545,93547,93549,93551,93553,93555,93557,93559,93561],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,93546,1702],{"class":1537},[60,93548,69308],{"class":66},[60,93550,511],{"class":1537},[60,93552,53994],{"class":134},[60,93554,122],{"class":74},[60,93556,79],{"class":78},[60,93558,82],{"class":74},[60,93560,37578],{"class":78},[60,93562,8281],{"class":74},[60,93564,93565,93567,93569,93571,93574,93576,93578,93580],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,93566,1718],{"class":134},[60,93568,122],{"class":74},[60,93570,256],{"class":255},[60,93572,93573],{"class":259},"Count:",[60,93575,256],{"class":255},[60,93577,82],{"class":74},[60,93579,36064],{"class":118},[60,93581,128],{"class":74},[20,93583,318],{},[51,93585,93587],{"className":53,"code":93586,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,93588,93589,93598,93606,93614,93622],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93590,93591,93594,93596],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,93592,93593],{"class":66},"Count",[60,93595,166],{"class":74},[60,93597,29547],{"class":78},[60,93599,93600,93602,93604],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,93601,93593],{"class":66},[60,93603,166],{"class":74},[60,93605,45521],{"class":78},[60,93607,93608,93610,93612],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,93609,93593],{"class":66},[60,93611,166],{"class":74},[60,93613,2538],{"class":78},[60,93615,93616,93618,93620],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,93617,93593],{"class":66},[60,93619,166],{"class":74},[60,93621,23595],{"class":78},[60,93623,93624,93626,93628],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,93625,93593],{"class":66},[60,93627,166],{"class":74},[60,93629,34776],{"class":78},[20,93631,93632],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,93634,93635,93636,93638,93639,62047,93641,115],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,93637,35684],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,93640,36533],{},[260,93642,36540,93644,36543],{"href":93643},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,93645,35684],{},[46,93647,1221,93649],{"id":93648},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,93650,92840],{},[20,93652,150,93653,10537],{},[15,93654,92840],{},[30,93656,93657,93660,93663,93666],{},[33,93658,93659],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[33,93661,93662],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[33,93664,93665],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[33,93667,93668],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,93670,238],{},[51,93672,93674],{"className":53,"code":93673,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,93675,93676,93694,93708,93712],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93677,93678,93680,93682,93684,93686,93688,93690,93692],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,93679,67],{"class":66},[60,93681,71],{"class":70},[60,93683,22492],{"class":1656},[60,93685,122],{"class":74},[60,93687,59757],{"class":134},[60,93689,122],{"class":74},[60,93691,1086],{"class":78},[60,93693,315],{"class":74},[60,93695,93696,93698,93700,93702,93704,93706],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,93697,1506],{"class":66},[60,93699,115],{"class":74},[60,93701,13488],{"class":118},[60,93703,122],{"class":74},[60,93705,1086],{"class":78},[60,93707,128],{"class":74},[60,93709,93710],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,93711,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,93713,93714,93716,93718,93720],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,93715,135],{"class":134},[60,93717,122],{"class":74},[60,93719,1506],{"class":118},[60,93721,128],{"class":74},[20,93723,318],{},[51,93725,93727],{"className":53,"code":93726,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,93728,93729],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93730,93731,93733,93735,93737,93739,93741,93743,93745,93747,93749,93751,93753,93755],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,93732,3854],{"class":74},[60,93734,195],{"class":78},[60,93736,82],{"class":74},[60,93738,695],{"class":78},[60,93740,82],{"class":74},[60,93742,85],{"class":78},[60,93744,82],{"class":74},[60,93746,94],{"class":78},[60,93748,82],{"class":74},[60,93750,800],{"class":78},[60,93752,82],{"class":74},[60,93754,4555],{"class":78},[60,93756,101],{"class":74},[20,93758,6004,93759,93761],{},[15,93760,1506],{}," is a list.",[46,93763,15531],{"id":15530},[20,93765,93766,93768,93769,115],{},[15,93767,36132],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[3698,93770,37532],{},[20,93772,2075],{},[30,93774,93775,93777,93782,93787,93790],{},[33,93776,21918],{},[33,93778,93779,93780],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,93781,1878],{},[33,93783,93784,93785],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,93786,511],{},[33,93788,93789],{},"You can index it",[33,93791,93792,93793,93795],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,93794,52579],{}," do not work on it",[20,93797,238],{},[51,93799,93801],{"className":53,"code":93800,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,93802,93803,93817,93821,93835,93849],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93804,93805,93807,93809,93811,93813,93815],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,93806,92979],{"class":66},[60,93808,71],{"class":70},[60,93810,53994],{"class":134},[60,93812,122],{"class":74},[60,93814,1086],{"class":78},[60,93816,128],{"class":74},[60,93818,93819],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,93820,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,93822,93823,93825,93827,93829,93831,93833],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,93824,135],{"class":134},[60,93826,122],{"class":74},[60,93828,60264],{"class":118},[60,93830,3854],{"class":74},[60,93832,125],{"class":78},[60,93834,1193],{"class":74},[60,93836,93837,93839,93841,93843,93845,93847],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,93838,135],{"class":134},[60,93840,122],{"class":74},[60,93842,11097],{"class":134},[60,93844,122],{"class":74},[60,93846,60264],{"class":118},[60,93848,315],{"class":74},[60,93850,93851,93853,93855,93857,93859,93861],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,93852,135],{"class":134},[60,93854,122],{"class":74},[60,93856,189],{"class":78},[60,93858,1538],{"class":1537},[60,93860,93350],{"class":118},[60,93862,128],{"class":74},[20,93864,318],{},[51,93866,93868],{"className":53,"code":93867,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,93869,93870,93874,93878],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93871,93872],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,93873,321],{"class":78},[60,93875,93876],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,93877,2907],{"class":78},[60,93879,93880],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,93881,3933],{"class":685},[20,93883,93884],{},"Now compare that with this:",[51,93886,93888],{"className":53,"code":93887,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,93889,93890,93904],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93891,93892,93894,93896,93898,93900,93902],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,93893,92979],{"class":66},[60,93895,71],{"class":70},[60,93897,53994],{"class":134},[60,93899,122],{"class":74},[60,93901,1086],{"class":78},[60,93903,128],{"class":74},[60,93905,93906,93908,93910,93912,93914,93916],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,93907,60264],{"class":66},[60,93909,115],{"class":74},[60,93911,13488],{"class":118},[60,93913,122],{"class":74},[60,93915,1086],{"class":78},[60,93917,128],{"class":74},[20,93919,318],{},[51,93921,93923],{"className":53,"code":93922,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,93924,93925],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93926,93927,93929,93931,93933,93935,93937,93939,93942,93944,93946],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,93928,25604],{"class":1656},[60,93930,166],{"class":74},[60,93932,3256],{"class":255},[60,93934,59757],{"class":259},[60,93936,3261],{"class":255},[60,93938,24549],{"class":1656},[60,93940,93941],{"class":66}," has no attribute ",[60,93943,3261],{"class":255},[60,93945,13488],{"class":259},[60,93947,29631],{"class":255},[20,93949,93950,93951,2154,93953,2158,93955,93957],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,93952,52579],{},[15,93954,55451],{},[15,93956,64071],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,93959,93960,93961,115],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[260,93962,25612,93963],{"href":35354},[15,93964,34188],{},[46,93966,93968],{"id":93967},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,93970,93971],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[51,93973,93974],{"className":53,"code":92450,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,93975,93976],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93977,93978,93980,93982,93984,93986,93988],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,93979,135],{"class":134},[60,93981,122],{"class":74},[60,93983,59757],{"class":134},[60,93985,122],{"class":74},[60,93987,1086],{"class":78},[60,93989,315],{"class":74},[20,93991,93992],{},"to show:",[51,93994,93995],{"className":53,"code":59780,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,93996,93997],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93998,93999,94001,94003,94005,94007,94009,94011,94013,94015,94017,94019],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,94000,3854],{"class":74},[60,94002,195],{"class":78},[60,94004,82],{"class":74},[60,94006,695],{"class":78},[60,94008,82],{"class":74},[60,94010,85],{"class":78},[60,94012,82],{"class":74},[60,94014,94],{"class":78},[60,94016,82],{"class":74},[60,94018,800],{"class":78},[60,94020,101],{"class":74},[20,94022,94023],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[51,94025,94026],{"className":53,"code":92471,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,94027,94028],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,94029,94030,94032,94034,94036,94038,94040],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,94031,59757],{"class":134},[60,94033,122],{"class":74},[60,94035,195],{"class":78},[60,94037,82],{"class":74},[60,94039,4555],{"class":78},[60,94041,128],{"class":74},[20,94043,4578,94044,94046],{},[3698,94045,4581],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,94048,94049,94050,94052],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[3698,94051,92858],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,94054,94055],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[51,94057,94058],{"className":53,"code":90807,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,94059,94060],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,94061,94062,94064,94066,94068,94070,94072,94074,94076],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,94063,135],{"class":134},[60,94065,122],{"class":74},[60,94067,8033],{"class":1656},[60,94069,122],{"class":74},[60,94071,59757],{"class":134},[60,94073,122],{"class":74},[60,94075,1086],{"class":78},[60,94077,2872],{"class":74},[20,94079,318],{},[51,94081,94082],{"className":53,"code":59780,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,94083,94084],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,94085,94086,94088,94090,94092,94094,94096,94098,94100,94102,94104,94106],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,94087,3854],{"class":74},[60,94089,195],{"class":78},[60,94091,82],{"class":74},[60,94093,695],{"class":78},[60,94095,82],{"class":74},[60,94097,85],{"class":78},[60,94099,82],{"class":74},[60,94101,94],{"class":78},[60,94103,82],{"class":74},[60,94105,800],{"class":78},[60,94107,101],{"class":74},[46,94109,1351],{"id":1350},[20,94111,94112],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[30,94114,94115,94121,94124,94130],{},[33,94116,8356,94117,94120],{},[15,94118,94119],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[33,94122,94123],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[33,94125,94126,94127,94129],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,94128,36132],{}," is iterable but not a list",[33,94131,8356,94132,94134,94135,94137],{},[15,94133,92840],{}," when plain ",[15,94136,36132],{}," would be simpler",[20,94139,94140],{},"These quick checks can help:",[51,94142,94144],{"className":53,"code":94143,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,94145,94146,94160,94178,94196,94218,94236],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,94147,94148,94150,94152,94154,94156,94158],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,94149,135],{"class":134},[60,94151,122],{"class":74},[60,94153,59757],{"class":134},[60,94155,122],{"class":74},[60,94157,1086],{"class":78},[60,94159,315],{"class":74},[60,94161,94162,94164,94166,94168,94170,94172,94174,94176],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,94163,135],{"class":134},[60,94165,122],{"class":74},[60,94167,8033],{"class":1656},[60,94169,122],{"class":74},[60,94171,59757],{"class":134},[60,94173,122],{"class":74},[60,94175,1086],{"class":78},[60,94177,2872],{"class":74},[60,94179,94180,94182,94184,94186,94188,94190,94192,94194],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,94181,135],{"class":134},[60,94183,122],{"class":74},[60,94185,1657],{"class":1656},[60,94187,122],{"class":74},[60,94189,59757],{"class":134},[60,94191,122],{"class":74},[60,94193,1086],{"class":78},[60,94195,2872],{"class":74},[60,94197,94198,94200,94202,94204,94206,94208,94210,94212,94214,94216],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,94199,135],{"class":134},[60,94201,122],{"class":74},[60,94203,1657],{"class":1656},[60,94205,122],{"class":74},[60,94207,8033],{"class":1656},[60,94209,122],{"class":74},[60,94211,59757],{"class":134},[60,94213,122],{"class":74},[60,94215,1086],{"class":78},[60,94217,93127],{"class":74},[60,94219,94220,94222,94224,94226,94228,94230,94232,94234],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,94221,135],{"class":134},[60,94223,122],{"class":74},[60,94225,189],{"class":78},[60,94227,1538],{"class":1537},[60,94229,53994],{"class":134},[60,94231,122],{"class":74},[60,94233,1086],{"class":78},[60,94235,315],{"class":74},[60,94237,94238,94240,94242,94244,94246,94248,94250,94252],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,94239,135],{"class":134},[60,94241,122],{"class":74},[60,94243,11097],{"class":134},[60,94245,122],{"class":74},[60,94247,59757],{"class":134},[60,94249,122],{"class":74},[60,94251,1086],{"class":78},[60,94253,2872],{"class":74},[20,94255,318],{},[51,94257,94259],{"className":53,"code":94258,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,94260,94261,94275,94299,94313,94327,94331],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,94262,94263,94265,94267,94269,94271,94273],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,94264,59757],{"class":134},[60,94266,122],{"class":74},[60,94268,195],{"class":78},[60,94270,82],{"class":74},[60,94272,4555],{"class":78},[60,94274,128],{"class":74},[60,94276,94277,94279,94281,94283,94285,94287,94289,94291,94293,94295,94297],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,94278,3854],{"class":74},[60,94280,195],{"class":78},[60,94282,82],{"class":74},[60,94284,695],{"class":78},[60,94286,82],{"class":74},[60,94288,85],{"class":78},[60,94290,82],{"class":74},[60,94292,94],{"class":78},[60,94294,82],{"class":74},[60,94296,800],{"class":78},[60,94298,101],{"class":74},[60,94300,94301,94303,94305,94307,94309,94311],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,94302,3250],{"class":70},[60,94304,3253],{"class":2033},[60,94306,3256],{"class":255},[60,94308,59757],{"class":259},[60,94310,3261],{"class":255},[60,94312,3264],{"class":70},[60,94314,94315,94317,94319,94321,94323,94325],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,94316,3250],{"class":70},[60,94318,3253],{"class":2033},[60,94320,3256],{"class":255},[60,94322,8033],{"class":259},[60,94324,3261],{"class":255},[60,94326,3264],{"class":70},[60,94328,94329],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,94330,3933],{"class":685},[60,94332,94333],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,94334,2907],{"class":78},[46,94336,1773],{"id":1772},[553,94338,1806,94340,94342],{"id":94339},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,94341,36132],{}," a list in Python?",[20,94344,46297,94345,94347],{},[15,94346,36132],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[553,94349,94351,94352,11028,94354,1435],{"id":94350},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,94353,36132],{},[15,94355,92840],{},[20,94357,94358,94360,94361,94363],{},[15,94359,36132],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,94362,92840],{}," creates a full list.",[553,94365,94367],{"id":94366},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,94369,94370],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,94372,238],{},[51,94374,94376],{"className":53,"code":94375,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,94377,94378,94392],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,94379,94380,94382,94384,94386,94388,94390],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,94381,92979],{"class":66},[60,94383,71],{"class":70},[60,94385,53994],{"class":134},[60,94387,122],{"class":74},[60,94389,1086],{"class":78},[60,94391,128],{"class":74},[60,94393,94394,94396,94398,94400,94402,94404],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,94395,135],{"class":134},[60,94397,122],{"class":74},[60,94399,60264],{"class":118},[60,94401,3854],{"class":74},[60,94403,79],{"class":78},[60,94405,1193],{"class":74},[20,94407,318],{},[51,94409,94410],{"className":53,"code":46848,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,94411,94412],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,94413,94414],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,94415,46848],{"class":78},[553,94417,1821,94419,94421],{"id":94418},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94420,94119],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94423,94424,94425,94428],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94426,94427],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[553,94430,94432,94433,94435],{"id":94431},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94434,36132],{}," to a list?",[20,94437,94438],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[46,94440,1842],{"id":1841},[30,94442,94443,94449,94455,94462,94468],{},[33,94444,94445],{},[260,94446,1875,94447,3471],{"href":92824},[15,94448,36132],{},[33,94450,94451],{},[260,94452,1875,94453,3471],{"href":64607},[15,94454,24713],{},[33,94456,94457],{},[260,94458,1875,94459,94461],{"href":93277},[15,94460,1702],{}," loops explained",[33,94463,94464],{},[260,94465,37453,94466,36543],{"href":93643},[15,94467,35684],{},[33,94469,94470],{},[260,94471,26055,94472],{"href":35354},[15,94473,34188],{},[1885,94475,94476],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":94478},[94479,94480,94481,94483,94485,94487,94489,94490,94491,94492,94503],{"id":48,"depth":104,"text":49},{"id":92943,"depth":104,"text":92944},{"id":93175,"depth":104,"text":94482},"What range() gives you",{"id":93388,"depth":104,"text":94484},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93513,"depth":104,"text":94486},"When to use range()",{"id":93648,"depth":104,"text":94488},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15530,"depth":104,"text":15531},{"id":93967,"depth":104,"text":93968},{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":94493},[94494,94496,94498,94499,94501],{"id":94339,"depth":131,"text":94495},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94350,"depth":131,"text":94497},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94366,"depth":131,"text":94367},{"id":94418,"depth":131,"text":94500},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94431,"depth":131,"text":94502},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":92830,"description":94504},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94511,"title":94512,"body":94513,"description":95949,"extension":1930,"meta":95950,"navigation":421,"path":95951,"seo":95952,"stem":95953,"__hash__":95954},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94514,"toc":95915},[94515,94521,94526,94529,94543,94546,94548,94587,94589,94602,94610,94615,94631,94634,94636,94638,94659,94676,94679,94738,94740,94759,94764,94770,94773,94807,94809,94822,94825,94870,94872,94895,94902,94908,94911,94952,94954,94968,94971,95029,95031,95046,95059,95065,95071,95136,95138,95157,95159,95177,95180,95184,95190,95192,95225,95227,95240,95250,95253,95314,95316,95337,95340,95342,95358,95363,95367,95372,95377,95433,95435,95453,95456,95501,95503,95511,95516,95520,95534,95536,95568,95570,95579,95581,95585,95594,95597,95629,95631,95643,95646,95650,95655,95696,95698,95706,95709,95732,95736,95738,95747,95750,95803,95805,95814,95818,95823,95834,95836,95845,95848,95854,95857,95863,95873,95881,95888,95890,95912],[10,94516,1875,94518,3541],{"id":94517},"python-round-function-explained",[15,94519,94520],{},"round()",[20,94522,9058,94523,94525],{},[15,94524,94520],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,94527,94528],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[30,94530,94531,94537],{},[33,94532,94533,94536],{},[15,94534,94535],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[33,94538,94539,94542],{},[15,94540,94541],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94544,94545],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[46,94547,1972],{"id":1971},[51,94549,94551],{"className":53,"code":94550,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,94552,94553,94569],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,94554,94555,94557,94559,94562,94564,94567],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,94556,135],{"class":134},[60,94558,122],{"class":74},[60,94560,94561],{"class":134},"round",[60,94563,122],{"class":74},[60,94565,94566],{"class":78},"3.14159",[60,94568,315],{"class":74},[60,94570,94571,94573,94575,94577,94579,94581,94583,94585],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,94572,135],{"class":134},[60,94574,122],{"class":74},[60,94576,94561],{"class":134},[60,94578,122],{"class":74},[60,94580,94566],{"class":78},[60,94582,82],{"class":74},[60,94584,85],{"class":78},[60,94586,315],{"class":74},[20,94588,318],{},[51,94590,94592],{"className":53,"code":94591,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"3\n3.14\n",[15,94593,94594,94598],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,94595,94596],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,94597,931],{"class":78},[60,94599,94600],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,94601,40111],{"class":78},[20,94603,150,94604,94606,94607,94609],{},[15,94605,94535],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,94608,94541],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[46,94611,158,94613,161],{"id":94612},"what-round-does",[15,94614,94520],{},[30,94616,94617,94622,94625,94628],{},[33,94618,94619,94621],{},[15,94620,94520],{}," is a built-in Python function",[33,94623,94624],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[33,94626,94627],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[33,94629,94630],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94632,94633],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[46,94635,199],{"id":198},[20,94637,202],{},[51,94639,94641],{"className":53,"code":94640,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,94642,94643],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,94644,94645,94647,94649,94651,94654,94657],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,94646,94561],{"class":134},[60,94648,122],{"class":74},[60,94650,2204],{"class":118},[60,94652,94653],{"class":74},"[,",[60,94655,94656],{"class":118}," ndigits",[60,94658,1193],{"class":74},[30,94660,94661,94666,94671],{},[33,94662,94663,94665],{},[15,94664,2204],{}," is the value to round",[33,94667,94668,19973],{},[15,94669,94670],{},"ndigits",[33,94672,94673,94675],{},[15,94674,94670],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,94677,94678],{},"Basic examples:",[51,94680,94682],{"className":53,"code":94681,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,94683,94684,94699,94717],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,94685,94686,94688,94690,94692,94694,94697],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,94687,135],{"class":134},[60,94689,122],{"class":74},[60,94691,94561],{"class":134},[60,94693,122],{"class":74},[60,94695,94696],{"class":78},"7.8",[60,94698,315],{"class":74},[60,94700,94701,94703,94705,94707,94709,94711,94713,94715],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,94702,135],{"class":134},[60,94704,122],{"class":74},[60,94706,94561],{"class":134},[60,94708,122],{"class":74},[60,94710,94696],{"class":78},[60,94712,82],{"class":74},[60,94714,695],{"class":78},[60,94716,315],{"class":74},[60,94718,94719,94721,94723,94725,94727,94730,94732,94734,94736],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,94720,135],{"class":134},[60,94722,122],{"class":74},[60,94724,94561],{"class":134},[60,94726,122],{"class":74},[60,94728,94729],{"class":78},"1234",[60,94731,82],{"class":74},[60,94733,2187],{"class":70},[60,94735,125],{"class":78},[60,94737,315],{"class":74},[20,94739,318],{},[51,94741,94743],{"className":53,"code":94742,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,94744,94745,94749,94754],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,94746,94747],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,94748,2345],{"class":78},[60,94750,94751],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,94752,94753],{"class":78},"7.8\n",[60,94755,94756],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,94757,94758],{"class":78},"1200\n",[20,94760,94761,94762,115],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[260,94763,2384],{"href":2383},[46,94765,8356,94767,94769],{"id":94766},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,94768,94520],{}," with one argument",[20,94771,94772],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[51,94774,94776],{"className":53,"code":94775,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,94777,94778,94792],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,94779,94780,94782,94784,94786,94788,94790],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,94781,135],{"class":134},[60,94783,122],{"class":74},[60,94785,94561],{"class":134},[60,94787,122],{"class":74},[60,94789,2326],{"class":78},[60,94791,315],{"class":74},[60,94793,94794,94796,94798,94800,94802,94805],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,94795,135],{"class":134},[60,94797,122],{"class":74},[60,94799,94561],{"class":134},[60,94801,122],{"class":74},[60,94803,94804],{"class":78},"4.8",[60,94806,315],{"class":74},[20,94808,318],{},[51,94810,94812],{"className":53,"code":94811,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"4\n5\n",[15,94813,94814,94818],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,94815,94816],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,94817,48581],{"class":78},[60,94819,94820],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,94821,2907],{"class":78},[20,94823,94824],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[51,94826,94828],{"className":53,"code":94827,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,94829,94830,94846,94856],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,94831,94832,94834,94836,94839,94841,94844],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,94833,107],{"class":66},[60,94835,71],{"class":70},[60,94837,94838],{"class":134}," round",[60,94840,122],{"class":74},[60,94842,94843],{"class":78},"10.2",[60,94845,128],{"class":74},[60,94847,94848,94850,94852,94854],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,94849,135],{"class":134},[60,94851,122],{"class":74},[60,94853,140],{"class":118},[60,94855,128],{"class":74},[60,94857,94858,94860,94862,94864,94866,94868],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,94859,135],{"class":134},[60,94861,122],{"class":74},[60,94863,1657],{"class":1656},[60,94865,122],{"class":74},[60,94867,140],{"class":118},[60,94869,315],{"class":74},[20,94871,318],{},[51,94873,94875],{"className":53,"code":94874,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,94876,94877,94881],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,94878,94879],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,94880,2340],{"class":78},[60,94882,94883,94885,94887,94889,94891,94893],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,94884,3250],{"class":70},[60,94886,3253],{"class":2033},[60,94888,3256],{"class":255},[60,94890,345],{"class":259},[60,94892,3261],{"class":255},[60,94894,3264],{"class":70},[20,94896,94897,94898,115],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[260,94899,1875,94900,3471],{"href":2835},[15,94901,2838],{},[46,94903,8356,94905,94907],{"id":94904},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,94906,94520],{}," with decimal places",[20,94909,94910],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[51,94912,94914],{"className":53,"code":94913,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,94915,94916,94934],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,94917,94918,94920,94922,94924,94926,94928,94930,94932],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,94919,135],{"class":134},[60,94921,122],{"class":74},[60,94923,94561],{"class":134},[60,94925,122],{"class":74},[60,94927,94566],{"class":78},[60,94929,82],{"class":74},[60,94931,85],{"class":78},[60,94933,315],{"class":74},[60,94935,94936,94938,94940,94942,94944,94946,94948,94950],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,94937,135],{"class":134},[60,94939,122],{"class":74},[60,94941,94561],{"class":134},[60,94943,122],{"class":74},[60,94945,94566],{"class":78},[60,94947,82],{"class":74},[60,94949,94],{"class":78},[60,94951,315],{"class":74},[20,94953,318],{},[51,94955,94957],{"className":53,"code":94956,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,94958,94959,94963],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,94960,94961],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,94962,40111],{"class":78},[60,94964,94965],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,94966,94967],{"class":78},"3.142\n",[20,94969,94970],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[51,94972,94974],{"className":53,"code":94973,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,94975,94976,94985,95004,95008,95018],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,94977,94978,94980,94982],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,94979,40321],{"class":66},[60,94981,71],{"class":70},[60,94983,94984],{"class":78}," 19.9876\n",[60,94986,94987,94990,94992,94994,94996,94998,95000,95002],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,94988,94989],{"class":66},"rounded_price ",[60,94991,71],{"class":70},[60,94993,94838],{"class":134},[60,94995,122],{"class":74},[60,94997,25082],{"class":118},[60,94999,82],{"class":74},[60,95001,85],{"class":78},[60,95003,128],{"class":74},[60,95005,95006],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,95007,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,95009,95010,95012,95014,95016],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,95011,135],{"class":134},[60,95013,122],{"class":74},[60,95015,25082],{"class":118},[60,95017,128],{"class":74},[60,95019,95020,95022,95024,95027],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,95021,135],{"class":134},[60,95023,122],{"class":74},[60,95025,95026],{"class":118},"rounded_price",[60,95028,128],{"class":74},[20,95030,318],{},[51,95032,95034],{"className":53,"code":95033,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,95035,95036,95041],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95037,95038],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95039,95040],{"class":78},"19.9876\n",[60,95042,95043],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,95044,95045],{"class":78},"19.99\n",[20,95047,95048,95049,95052,95053,1460,95055,115],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,95050,95051],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[260,95054,40826],{"href":40825},[260,95056,1875,95057,3471],{"href":2841},[15,95058,2844],{},[46,95060,95062,95063],{"id":95061},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,95064,94670],{},[20,95066,95067,95068,95070],{},"A negative ",[15,95069,94670],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[51,95072,95074],{"className":53,"code":95073,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,95075,95076,95096,95116],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95077,95078,95080,95082,95084,95086,95088,95090,95092,95094],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95079,135],{"class":134},[60,95081,122],{"class":74},[60,95083,94561],{"class":134},[60,95085,122],{"class":74},[60,95087,94729],{"class":78},[60,95089,82],{"class":74},[60,95091,2187],{"class":70},[60,95093,79],{"class":78},[60,95095,315],{"class":74},[60,95097,95098,95100,95102,95104,95106,95108,95110,95112,95114],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,95099,135],{"class":134},[60,95101,122],{"class":74},[60,95103,94561],{"class":134},[60,95105,122],{"class":74},[60,95107,94729],{"class":78},[60,95109,82],{"class":74},[60,95111,2187],{"class":70},[60,95113,125],{"class":78},[60,95115,315],{"class":74},[60,95117,95118,95120,95122,95124,95126,95128,95130,95132,95134],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,95119,135],{"class":134},[60,95121,122],{"class":74},[60,95123,94561],{"class":134},[60,95125,122],{"class":74},[60,95127,94729],{"class":78},[60,95129,82],{"class":74},[60,95131,2187],{"class":70},[60,95133,189],{"class":78},[60,95135,315],{"class":74},[20,95137,318],{},[51,95139,95141],{"className":53,"code":95140,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,95142,95143,95148,95152],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95144,95145],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95146,95147],{"class":78},"1230\n",[60,95149,95150],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,95151,94758],{"class":78},[60,95153,95154],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,95155,95156],{"class":78},"1000\n",[20,95158,65344],{},[30,95160,95161,95166,95172],{},[33,95162,95163,95165],{},[15,95164,65614],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[33,95167,95168,95171],{},[15,95169,95170],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[33,95173,95174,95176],{},[15,95175,47601],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,95178,95179],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[46,95181,95183],{"id":95182},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,95185,95186,95187,115],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,95188,95189],{},".5",[20,95191,5418],{},[51,95193,95195],{"className":53,"code":95194,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,95196,95197,95211],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95198,95199,95201,95203,95205,95207,95209],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95200,135],{"class":134},[60,95202,122],{"class":74},[60,95204,94561],{"class":134},[60,95206,122],{"class":74},[60,95208,41093],{"class":78},[60,95210,315],{"class":74},[60,95212,95213,95215,95217,95219,95221,95223],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,95214,135],{"class":134},[60,95216,122],{"class":74},[60,95218,94561],{"class":134},[60,95220,122],{"class":74},[60,95222,2009],{"class":78},[60,95224,315],{"class":74},[20,95226,318],{},[51,95228,95230],{"className":53,"code":95229,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"2\n4\n",[15,95231,95232,95236],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95233,95234],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95235,321],{"class":78},[60,95237,95238],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,95239,48581],{"class":78},[20,95241,95242,95243,95246,95247,95249],{},"Python uses ",[3698,95244,95245],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,95248,95189],{}," situations.",[20,95251,95252],{},"More examples:",[51,95254,95256],{"className":53,"code":95255,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,95257,95258,95272,95286,95300],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95259,95260,95262,95264,95266,95268,95270],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95261,135],{"class":134},[60,95263,122],{"class":74},[60,95265,94561],{"class":134},[60,95267,122],{"class":74},[60,95269,41106],{"class":78},[60,95271,315],{"class":74},[60,95273,95274,95276,95278,95280,95282,95284],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,95275,135],{"class":134},[60,95277,122],{"class":74},[60,95279,94561],{"class":134},[60,95281,122],{"class":74},[60,95283,41093],{"class":78},[60,95285,315],{"class":74},[60,95287,95288,95290,95292,95294,95296,95298],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,95289,135],{"class":134},[60,95291,122],{"class":74},[60,95293,94561],{"class":134},[60,95295,122],{"class":74},[60,95297,2009],{"class":78},[60,95299,315],{"class":74},[60,95301,95302,95304,95306,95308,95310,95312],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,95303,135],{"class":134},[60,95305,122],{"class":74},[60,95307,94561],{"class":134},[60,95309,122],{"class":74},[60,95311,41058],{"class":78},[60,95313,315],{"class":74},[20,95315,318],{},[51,95317,95319],{"className":53,"code":95318,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,95320,95321,95325,95329,95333],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95322,95323],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95324,321],{"class":78},[60,95326,95327],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,95328,321],{"class":78},[60,95330,95331],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,95332,48581],{"class":78},[60,95334,95335],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,95336,48581],{"class":78},[20,95338,95339],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,95341,10649],{},[30,95343,95344,95351],{},[33,95345,95346,2101,95349],{},[15,95347,95348],{},"round(2.5)",[15,95350,125],{},[33,95352,95353,2101,95356],{},[15,95354,95355],{},"round(3.5)",[15,95357,2465],{},[20,95359,3129,95360,95362],{},[15,95361,95189],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[46,95364,95366],{"id":95365},"return-values","Return values",[20,95368,95369,95371],{},[15,95370,94520],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,95373,40840,95374,95376],{},[3698,95375,4581],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[51,95378,95380],{"className":53,"code":95379,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,95381,95382,95391,95395,95405,95423],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95383,95384,95386,95388],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95385,1690],{"class":66},[60,95387,71],{"class":70},[60,95389,95390],{"class":78}," 3.14159\n",[60,95392,95393],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,95394,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,95396,95397,95399,95401,95403],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,95398,135],{"class":134},[60,95400,122],{"class":74},[60,95402,221],{"class":118},[60,95404,128],{"class":74},[60,95406,95407,95409,95411,95413,95415,95417,95419,95421],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,95408,135],{"class":134},[60,95410,122],{"class":74},[60,95412,94561],{"class":134},[60,95414,122],{"class":74},[60,95416,221],{"class":118},[60,95418,82],{"class":74},[60,95420,85],{"class":78},[60,95422,315],{"class":74},[60,95424,95425,95427,95429,95431],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,95426,135],{"class":134},[60,95428,122],{"class":74},[60,95430,221],{"class":118},[60,95432,128],{"class":74},[20,95434,318],{},[51,95436,95438],{"className":53,"code":95437,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95439,95440,95445,95449],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95441,95442],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95443,95444],{"class":78},"3.14159\n",[60,95446,95447],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,95448,40111],{"class":78},[60,95450,95451],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,95452,95444],{"class":78},[20,95454,95455],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[51,95457,95459],{"className":53,"code":95458,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95460,95461,95469,95487,95491],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95462,95463,95465,95467],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95464,1690],{"class":66},[60,95466,71],{"class":70},[60,95468,95390],{"class":78},[60,95470,95471,95473,95475,95477,95479,95481,95483,95485],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,95472,1690],{"class":66},[60,95474,71],{"class":70},[60,95476,94838],{"class":134},[60,95478,122],{"class":74},[60,95480,221],{"class":118},[60,95482,82],{"class":74},[60,95484,85],{"class":78},[60,95486,128],{"class":74},[60,95488,95489],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,95490,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,95492,95493,95495,95497,95499],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,95494,135],{"class":134},[60,95496,122],{"class":74},[60,95498,221],{"class":118},[60,95500,128],{"class":74},[20,95502,318],{},[51,95504,95505],{"className":53,"code":40111,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,95506,95507],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95508,95509],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95510,40111],{"class":78},[46,95512,1221,95514],{"id":95513},"when-to-use-round",[15,95515,94520],{},[20,95517,150,95518,6259],{},[15,95519,94520],{},[30,95521,95522,95525,95528,95531],{},[33,95523,95524],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[33,95526,95527],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[33,95529,95530],{},"Round values before reporting results",[33,95532,95533],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,95535,5418],{},[51,95537,95539],{"className":53,"code":95538,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,95540,95541,95550],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95542,95543,95545,95547],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95544,2557],{"class":66},[60,95546,71],{"class":70},[60,95548,95549],{"class":78}," 12.67891\n",[60,95551,95552,95554,95556,95558,95560,95562,95564,95566],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,95553,135],{"class":134},[60,95555,122],{"class":74},[60,95557,94561],{"class":134},[60,95559,122],{"class":74},[60,95561,2580],{"class":118},[60,95563,82],{"class":74},[60,95565,85],{"class":78},[60,95567,315],{"class":74},[20,95569,318],{},[51,95571,95573],{"className":53,"code":95572,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"12.68\n",[15,95574,95575],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95576,95577],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95578,95572],{"class":78},[46,95580,1351],{"id":1350},[20,95582,23027,95583,115],{},[15,95584,94520],{},[553,95586,1454,95588,95590,95591,95593],{"id":95587},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,95589,94520],{}," to always round ",[15,95592,95189],{}," upward",[20,95595,95596],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[51,95598,95599],{"className":53,"code":95194,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,95600,95601,95615],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95602,95603,95605,95607,95609,95611,95613],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95604,135],{"class":134},[60,95606,122],{"class":74},[60,95608,94561],{"class":134},[60,95610,122],{"class":74},[60,95612,41093],{"class":78},[60,95614,315],{"class":74},[60,95616,95617,95619,95621,95623,95625,95627],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,95618,135],{"class":134},[60,95620,122],{"class":74},[60,95622,94561],{"class":134},[60,95624,122],{"class":74},[60,95626,2009],{"class":78},[60,95628,315],{"class":74},[20,95630,318],{},[51,95632,95633],{"className":53,"code":95229,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,95634,95635,95639],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95636,95637],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95638,321],{"class":78},[60,95640,95641],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,95642,48581],{"class":78},[20,95644,95645],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[553,95647,95649],{"id":95648},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,95651,95652,95654],{},[15,95653,94520],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[51,95656,95658],{"className":53,"code":95657,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95659,95660,95668,95682,95686],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95661,95662,95664,95666],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95663,1690],{"class":66},[60,95665,71],{"class":70},[60,95667,95390],{"class":78},[60,95669,95670,95672,95674,95676,95678,95680],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,95671,94561],{"class":134},[60,95673,122],{"class":74},[60,95675,221],{"class":118},[60,95677,82],{"class":74},[60,95679,85],{"class":78},[60,95681,128],{"class":74},[60,95683,95684],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,95685,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,95687,95688,95690,95692,95694],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,95689,135],{"class":134},[60,95691,122],{"class":74},[60,95693,221],{"class":118},[60,95695,128],{"class":74},[20,95697,318],{},[51,95699,95700],{"className":53,"code":95444,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,95701,95702],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95703,95704],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95705,95444],{"class":78},[20,95707,95708],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[51,95710,95712],{"className":53,"code":95711,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,95713,95714],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95715,95716,95718,95720,95722,95724,95726,95728,95730],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95717,1690],{"class":66},[60,95719,71],{"class":70},[60,95721,94838],{"class":134},[60,95723,122],{"class":74},[60,95725,221],{"class":118},[60,95727,82],{"class":74},[60,95729,85],{"class":78},[60,95731,128],{"class":74},[553,95733,95735],{"id":95734},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,95737,16336],{},[51,95739,95741],{"className":53,"code":95740,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,95742,95743],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95744,95745],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95746,95740],{"class":146},[20,95748,95749],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[51,95751,95753],{"className":53,"code":95752,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,95754,95755,95767,95781,95785],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95756,95757,95759,95761,95763,95765],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95758,34621],{"class":66},[60,95760,71],{"class":70},[60,95762,267],{"class":255},[60,95764,40077],{"class":259},[60,95766,3320],{"class":255},[60,95768,95769,95771,95773,95775,95777,95779],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,95770,2182],{"class":66},[60,95772,71],{"class":70},[60,95774,40189],{"class":1656},[60,95776,122],{"class":74},[60,95778,34642],{"class":118},[60,95780,128],{"class":74},[60,95782,95783],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,95784,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,95786,95787,95789,95791,95793,95795,95797,95799,95801],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,95788,135],{"class":134},[60,95790,122],{"class":74},[60,95792,94561],{"class":134},[60,95794,122],{"class":74},[60,95796,2204],{"class":118},[60,95798,82],{"class":74},[60,95800,695],{"class":78},[60,95802,315],{"class":74},[20,95804,318],{},[51,95806,95808],{"className":53,"code":95807,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"3.1\n",[15,95809,95810],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95811,95812],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95813,95807],{"class":78},[553,95815,95817],{"id":95816},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,95819,95820,95822],{},[15,95821,94520],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,95824,95825,95826,1460,95830,115],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[260,95827,95828],{"href":2841},[15,95829,2844],{},[260,95831,95832],{"href":2835},[15,95833,2838],{},[46,95835,1773],{"id":1772},[553,95837,1777,95839,95841,95842,95844],{"id":95838},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,95840,94520],{}," always round ",[15,95843,40148],{}," up?",[20,95846,95847],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[553,95849,1777,95851,95853],{"id":95850},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,95852,94520],{}," change the original number?",[20,95855,95856],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[553,95858,1796,95860,95862],{"id":95859},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,95861,94520],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,95864,95865,95866,95868,95869,1460,95871,115],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,95867,94670],{}," value like ",[15,95870,65614],{},[15,95872,95170],{},[553,95874,28261,95876,95878,95879,1435],{"id":95875},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,95877,94520],{}," on a string like ",[15,95880,48025],{},[20,95882,95883,95884,1460,95886,115],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,95885,2844],{},[15,95887,2838],{},[46,95889,1842],{"id":1841},[30,95891,95892,95898,95904,95908],{},[33,95893,95894],{},[260,95895,1875,95896,3471],{"href":2841},[15,95897,2844],{},[33,95899,95900],{},[260,95901,1875,95902,3471],{"href":2835},[15,95903,2838],{},[33,95905,95906],{},[260,95907,2384],{"href":2383},[33,95909,95910],{},[260,95911,42113],{"href":40825},[1885,95913,95914],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":95916},[95917,95918,95920,95921,95923,95925,95927,95928,95929,95931,95938,95948],{"id":1971,"depth":104,"text":1972},{"id":94612,"depth":104,"text":95919},"What round() does",{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199},{"id":94766,"depth":104,"text":95922},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":94904,"depth":104,"text":95924},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95061,"depth":104,"text":95926},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95182,"depth":104,"text":95183},{"id":95365,"depth":104,"text":95366},{"id":95513,"depth":104,"text":95930},"When to use round()",{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351,"children":95932},[95933,95935,95936,95937],{"id":95587,"depth":131,"text":95934},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95648,"depth":131,"text":95649},{"id":95734,"depth":131,"text":95735},{"id":95816,"depth":131,"text":95817},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":95939},[95940,95942,95944,95946],{"id":95838,"depth":131,"text":95941},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":95850,"depth":131,"text":95943},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":95859,"depth":131,"text":95945},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":95875,"depth":131,"text":95947},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94512,"description":95949},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":95956,"title":95957,"body":95958,"description":97143,"extension":1930,"meta":97144,"navigation":421,"path":97145,"seo":97146,"stem":97147,"__hash__":97148},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":95959,"toc":97117},[95960,95967,95973,95976,95978,96027,96031,96056,96061,96066,96071,96085,96096,96098,96117,96119,96135,96138,96149,96151,96153,96214,96218,96251,96258,96265,96268,96301,96304,96308,96311,96364,96368,96389,96395,96402,96409,96470,96478,96555,96559,96571,96580,96582,96588,96594,96598,96651,96654,96712,96716,96724,96727,96731,96734,96744,96746,96843,96846,96857,96860,96903,96907,96931,96934,96940,96942,96946,96971,96973,97040,97049,97051,97057,97062,97066,97069,97073,97080,97084,97089,97091,97108,97114],[10,95961,95963,95964,18],{"id":95962},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,95965,95966],{},"add()",[20,95968,95969,95972],{},[15,95970,95971],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,95974,95975],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[46,95977,1972],{"id":1971},[51,95979,95981],{"className":53,"code":95980,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,95982,95983,96003,96017],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95984,95985,95987,95989,95991,95993,95995,95997,95999,96001],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95986,67],{"class":66},[60,95988,71],{"class":70},[60,95990,10426],{"class":74},[60,95992,79],{"class":78},[60,95994,82],{"class":74},[60,95996,85],{"class":78},[60,95998,82],{"class":74},[60,96000,94],{"class":78},[60,96002,9244],{"class":74},[60,96004,96005,96007,96009,96011,96013,96015],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,96006,1506],{"class":66},[60,96008,115],{"class":74},[60,96010,81866],{"class":118},[60,96012,122],{"class":74},[60,96014,2465],{"class":78},[60,96016,128],{"class":74},[60,96018,96019,96021,96023,96025],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,96020,135],{"class":134},[60,96022,122],{"class":74},[60,96024,1506],{"class":118},[60,96026,128],{"class":74},[20,96028,96029],{},[3698,96030,318],{},[51,96032,96034],{"className":53,"code":96033,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,96035,96036],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96037,96038,96040,96042,96044,96046,96048,96050,96052,96054],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96039,9213],{"class":74},[60,96041,79],{"class":78},[60,96043,82],{"class":74},[60,96045,85],{"class":78},[60,96047,82],{"class":74},[60,96049,94],{"class":78},[60,96051,82],{"class":74},[60,96053,800],{"class":78},[60,96055,9244],{"class":74},[20,96057,150,96058,96060],{},[15,96059,95966],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[46,96062,158,96064,161],{"id":96063},"what-setadd-does",[15,96065,95971],{},[20,96067,96068,96070],{},[15,96069,95971],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[30,96072,96073,96076,96079,96082],{},[33,96074,96075],{},"Adds one item to a set",[33,96077,96078],{},"Changes the original set in place",[33,96080,96081],{},"Does not return a new set",[33,96083,96084],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,96086,96087,96088,1460,96092,115],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[260,96089,96091],{"href":96090},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[260,96093,96095],{"href":96094},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[46,96097,199],{"id":198},[51,96099,96101],{"className":53,"code":96100,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,96102,96103],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96104,96105,96107,96109,96111,96113,96115],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96106,15601],{"class":66},[60,96108,115],{"class":74},[60,96110,81866],{"class":118},[60,96112,122],{"class":74},[60,96114,1728],{"class":118},[60,96116,128],{"class":74},[20,96118,11394],{},[30,96120,96121,96126,96129],{},[33,96122,55831,96123,96125],{},[15,96124,95966],{}," on an existing set",[33,96127,96128],{},"Pass exactly one item",[33,96130,96131,96132],{},"The item must be ",[3698,96133,96134],{},"hashable",[20,96136,96137],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[30,96139,96140,96142,96144,96147],{},[33,96141,56383],{},[33,96143,56386],{},[33,96145,96146],{},"Tuples",[33,96148,40529],{},[46,96150,11411],{"id":11410},[20,96152,11414],{},[51,96154,96156],{"className":53,"code":96155,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96157,96158,96182,96200,96204],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96159,96160,96162,96164,96166,96168,96170,96172,96174,96176,96178,96180],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96161,377],{"class":66},[60,96163,71],{"class":70},[60,96165,10426],{"class":74},[60,96167,256],{"class":255},[60,96169,386],{"class":259},[60,96171,256],{"class":255},[60,96173,82],{"class":74},[60,96175,267],{"class":255},[60,96177,395],{"class":259},[60,96179,256],{"class":255},[60,96181,9244],{"class":74},[60,96183,96184,96186,96188,96190,96192,96194,96196,96198],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,96185,431],{"class":66},[60,96187,115],{"class":74},[60,96189,81866],{"class":118},[60,96191,122],{"class":74},[60,96193,256],{"class":255},[60,96195,404],{"class":259},[60,96197,256],{"class":255},[60,96199,128],{"class":74},[60,96201,96202],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,96203,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,96205,96206,96208,96210,96212],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,96207,135],{"class":134},[60,96209,122],{"class":74},[60,96211,431],{"class":118},[60,96213,128],{"class":74},[20,96215,96216],{},[3698,96217,29961],{},[51,96219,96221],{"className":53,"code":96220,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,96222,96223],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96224,96225,96227,96229,96231,96233,96235,96237,96239,96241,96243,96245,96247,96249],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96226,9213],{"class":74},[60,96228,3261],{"class":255},[60,96230,386],{"class":259},[60,96232,3261],{"class":255},[60,96234,82],{"class":74},[60,96236,3256],{"class":255},[60,96238,404],{"class":259},[60,96240,3261],{"class":255},[60,96242,82],{"class":74},[60,96244,3256],{"class":255},[60,96246,395],{"class":259},[60,96248,3261],{"class":255},[60,96250,9244],{"class":74},[20,96252,96253,96254,96257],{},"The new value ",[15,96255,96256],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,96259,96260,96261,96264],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[3698,96262,96263],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,96266,96267],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[51,96269,96271],{"className":53,"code":96270,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,96272,96273],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96274,96275,96277,96279,96281,96283,96285,96287,96289,96291,96293,96295,96297,96299],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96276,9213],{"class":74},[60,96278,3261],{"class":255},[60,96280,395],{"class":259},[60,96282,3261],{"class":255},[60,96284,82],{"class":74},[60,96286,3256],{"class":255},[60,96288,386],{"class":259},[60,96290,3261],{"class":255},[60,96292,82],{"class":74},[60,96294,3256],{"class":255},[60,96296,404],{"class":259},[60,96298,3261],{"class":255},[60,96300,9244],{"class":74},[20,96302,96303],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[46,96305,96307],{"id":96306},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,96309,96310],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[51,96312,96314],{"className":53,"code":96313,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96315,96316,96336,96350,96354],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96317,96318,96320,96322,96324,96326,96328,96330,96332,96334],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96319,67],{"class":66},[60,96321,71],{"class":70},[60,96323,10426],{"class":74},[60,96325,79],{"class":78},[60,96327,82],{"class":74},[60,96329,85],{"class":78},[60,96331,82],{"class":74},[60,96333,94],{"class":78},[60,96335,9244],{"class":74},[60,96337,96338,96340,96342,96344,96346,96348],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,96339,1506],{"class":66},[60,96341,115],{"class":74},[60,96343,81866],{"class":118},[60,96345,122],{"class":74},[60,96347,125],{"class":78},[60,96349,128],{"class":74},[60,96351,96352],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,96353,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,96355,96356,96358,96360,96362],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,96357,135],{"class":134},[60,96359,122],{"class":74},[60,96361,1506],{"class":118},[60,96363,128],{"class":74},[20,96365,96366],{},[3698,96367,318],{},[51,96369,96371],{"className":53,"code":96370,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,96372,96373],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96374,96375,96377,96379,96381,96383,96385,96387],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96376,9213],{"class":74},[60,96378,79],{"class":78},[60,96380,82],{"class":74},[60,96382,85],{"class":78},[60,96384,82],{"class":74},[60,96386,94],{"class":78},[60,96388,9244],{"class":74},[20,96390,96391,96392,96394],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,96393,125],{}," was already present.",[46,96396,96398,10521,96400],{"id":96397},"add-vs-update",[15,96399,95966],{},[15,96401,14888],{},[20,96403,150,96404,96406,96407,115],{},[15,96405,95966],{}," when you want to add ",[3698,96408,52583],{},[51,96410,96412],{"className":53,"code":96411,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96413,96414,96438,96456,96460],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96415,96416,96418,96420,96422,96424,96426,96428,96430,96432,96434,96436],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96417,248],{"class":66},[60,96419,71],{"class":70},[60,96421,10426],{"class":74},[60,96423,256],{"class":255},[60,96425,260],{"class":259},[60,96427,256],{"class":255},[60,96429,82],{"class":74},[60,96431,267],{"class":255},[60,96433,270],{"class":259},[60,96435,256],{"class":255},[60,96437,9244],{"class":74},[60,96439,96440,96442,96444,96446,96448,96450,96452,96454],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,96441,300],{"class":66},[60,96443,115],{"class":74},[60,96445,81866],{"class":118},[60,96447,122],{"class":74},[60,96449,256],{"class":255},[60,96451,287],{"class":259},[60,96453,256],{"class":255},[60,96455,128],{"class":74},[60,96457,96458],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,96459,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,96461,96462,96464,96466,96468],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,96463,135],{"class":134},[60,96465,122],{"class":74},[60,96467,300],{"class":118},[60,96469,128],{"class":74},[20,96471,150,96472,96406,96474,96477],{},[15,96473,14888],{},[3698,96475,96476],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[51,96479,96481],{"className":53,"code":96480,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96482,96483,96507,96541,96545],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96484,96485,96487,96489,96491,96493,96495,96497,96499,96501,96503,96505],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96486,248],{"class":66},[60,96488,71],{"class":70},[60,96490,10426],{"class":74},[60,96492,256],{"class":255},[60,96494,260],{"class":259},[60,96496,256],{"class":255},[60,96498,82],{"class":74},[60,96500,267],{"class":255},[60,96502,270],{"class":259},[60,96504,256],{"class":255},[60,96506,9244],{"class":74},[60,96508,96509,96511,96513,96515,96517,96519,96521,96523,96525,96527,96529,96531,96533,96535,96537,96539],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,96510,300],{"class":66},[60,96512,115],{"class":74},[60,96514,30396],{"class":118},[60,96516,835],{"class":74},[60,96518,256],{"class":255},[60,96520,287],{"class":259},[60,96522,256],{"class":255},[60,96524,82],{"class":74},[60,96526,267],{"class":255},[60,96528,18701],{"class":259},[60,96530,256],{"class":255},[60,96532,82],{"class":74},[60,96534,267],{"class":255},[60,96536,60206],{"class":259},[60,96538,256],{"class":255},[60,96540,1193],{"class":74},[60,96542,96543],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,96544,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,96546,96547,96549,96551,96553],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,96548,135],{"class":134},[60,96550,122],{"class":74},[60,96552,300],{"class":118},[60,96554,128],{"class":74},[553,96556,96558],{"id":96557},"key-difference","Key difference",[30,96560,96561,96566],{},[33,96562,96563,96565],{},[15,96564,95966],{}," adds one item",[33,96567,96568,96570],{},[15,96569,14888],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,96572,96573,96574,115],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[260,96575,96577,96578,1869],{"href":96576},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,96579,14888],{},[46,96581,17354],{"id":17353},[20,96583,96584,2361,96586,115],{},[15,96585,95971],{},[15,96587,3734],{},[20,96589,96590,96591,96593],{},"That means you should ",[3698,96592,4581],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[553,96595,96597],{"id":96596},"correct","Correct",[51,96599,96601],{"className":53,"code":96600,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96602,96603,96623,96637,96641],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96604,96605,96607,96609,96611,96613,96615,96617,96619,96621],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96606,15563],{"class":66},[60,96608,71],{"class":70},[60,96610,10426],{"class":74},[60,96612,79],{"class":78},[60,96614,82],{"class":74},[60,96616,85],{"class":78},[60,96618,82],{"class":74},[60,96620,94],{"class":78},[60,96622,9244],{"class":74},[60,96624,96625,96627,96629,96631,96633,96635],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,96626,15601],{"class":66},[60,96628,115],{"class":74},[60,96630,81866],{"class":118},[60,96632,122],{"class":74},[60,96634,2465],{"class":78},[60,96636,128],{"class":74},[60,96638,96639],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,96640,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,96642,96643,96645,96647,96649],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,96644,135],{"class":134},[60,96646,122],{"class":74},[60,96648,15601],{"class":118},[60,96650,128],{"class":74},[553,96652,96653],{"id":61528},"Wrong",[51,96655,96657],{"className":53,"code":96656,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96658,96659,96679,96698,96702],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96660,96661,96663,96665,96667,96669,96671,96673,96675,96677],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96662,15563],{"class":66},[60,96664,71],{"class":70},[60,96666,10426],{"class":74},[60,96668,79],{"class":78},[60,96670,82],{"class":74},[60,96672,85],{"class":78},[60,96674,82],{"class":74},[60,96676,94],{"class":78},[60,96678,9244],{"class":74},[60,96680,96681,96683,96685,96688,96690,96692,96694,96696],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,96682,15563],{"class":66},[60,96684,71],{"class":70},[60,96686,96687],{"class":66}," my_set",[60,96689,115],{"class":74},[60,96691,81866],{"class":118},[60,96693,122],{"class":74},[60,96695,2465],{"class":78},[60,96697,128],{"class":74},[60,96699,96700],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,96701,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,96703,96704,96706,96708,96710],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,96705,135],{"class":134},[60,96707,122],{"class":74},[60,96709,15601],{"class":118},[60,96711,128],{"class":74},[20,96713,96714],{},[3698,96715,318],{},[51,96717,96718],{"className":53,"code":11745,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,96719,96720],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96721,96722],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96723,11745],{"class":685},[20,96725,96726],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[46,96728,96730],{"id":96729},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,96732,96733],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[30,96735,96736,96738,96740,96742],{},[33,96737,56383],{},[33,96739,56386],{},[33,96741,96146],{},[33,96743,40529],{},[20,96745,238],{},[51,96747,96749],{"className":53,"code":96748,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,96750,96751,96761,96765,96779,96797,96815,96829,96833],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96752,96753,96755,96757,96759],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96754,777],{"class":66},[60,96756,71],{"class":70},[60,96758,15568],{"class":1656},[60,96760,8579],{"class":74},[60,96762,96763],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,96764,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,96766,96767,96769,96771,96773,96775,96777],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,96768,828],{"class":66},[60,96770,115],{"class":74},[60,96772,81866],{"class":118},[60,96774,122],{"class":74},[60,96776,873],{"class":78},[60,96778,128],{"class":74},[60,96780,96781,96783,96785,96787,96789,96791,96793,96795],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,96782,828],{"class":66},[60,96784,115],{"class":74},[60,96786,81866],{"class":118},[60,96788,122],{"class":74},[60,96790,256],{"class":255},[60,96792,3801],{"class":259},[60,96794,256],{"class":255},[60,96796,128],{"class":74},[60,96798,96799,96801,96803,96805,96807,96809,96811,96813],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,96800,828],{"class":66},[60,96802,115],{"class":74},[60,96804,81866],{"class":118},[60,96806,5456],{"class":74},[60,96808,79],{"class":78},[60,96810,82],{"class":74},[60,96812,85],{"class":78},[60,96814,315],{"class":74},[60,96816,96817,96819,96821,96823,96825,96827],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,96818,828],{"class":66},[60,96820,115],{"class":74},[60,96822,81866],{"class":118},[60,96824,122],{"class":74},[60,96826,547],{"class":685},[60,96828,128],{"class":74},[60,96830,96831],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,96832,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,96834,96835,96837,96839,96841],{"class":62,"line":6367},[60,96836,135],{"class":134},[60,96838,122],{"class":74},[60,96840,828],{"class":118},[60,96842,128],{"class":74},[20,96844,96845],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[30,96847,96848,96851,96854],{},[33,96849,96850],{},"Lists",[33,96852,96853],{},"Dictionaries",[33,96855,96856],{},"Sets",[20,96858,96859],{},"Example that causes an error:",[51,96861,96863],{"className":53,"code":96862,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,96864,96865,96885],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96866,96867,96869,96871,96873,96875,96877,96879,96881,96883],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96868,777],{"class":66},[60,96870,71],{"class":70},[60,96872,10426],{"class":74},[60,96874,79],{"class":78},[60,96876,82],{"class":74},[60,96878,85],{"class":78},[60,96880,82],{"class":74},[60,96882,94],{"class":78},[60,96884,9244],{"class":74},[60,96886,96887,96889,96891,96893,96895,96897,96899,96901],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,96888,828],{"class":66},[60,96890,115],{"class":74},[60,96892,81866],{"class":118},[60,96894,835],{"class":74},[60,96896,2465],{"class":78},[60,96898,82],{"class":74},[60,96900,4555],{"class":78},[60,96902,1193],{"class":74},[20,96904,96905],{},[3698,96906,29612],{},[51,96908,96910],{"className":53,"code":96909,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,96911,96912],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96913,96914,96916,96918,96921,96923,96925,96927,96929],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96915,2964],{"class":1656},[60,96917,166],{"class":74},[60,96919,96920],{"class":66}," unhashable ",[60,96922,1657],{"class":1656},[60,96924,166],{"class":74},[60,96926,3256],{"class":255},[60,96928,8033],{"class":259},[60,96930,29631],{"class":255},[20,96932,96933],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,96935,96936,96937,115],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,96938,96939],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[46,96941,1351],{"id":1350},[20,96943,14668,96944,166],{},[15,96945,95971],{},[30,96947,96948,96953,96958,96961,96968],{},[33,96949,8356,96950,96952],{},[15,96951,95966],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[33,96954,1454,96955,96957],{},[15,96956,95966],{}," to return the updated set",[33,96959,96960],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[33,96962,37138,96963,96965,96966],{},[15,96964,95971],{}," with list ",[15,96967,52579],{},[33,96969,96970],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,96972,71266],{},[51,96974,96976],{"className":53,"code":96975,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,96977,96978,96988,97002,97012,97026],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96979,96980,96982,96984,96986],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96981,135],{"class":134},[60,96983,122],{"class":74},[60,96985,15601],{"class":118},[60,96987,128],{"class":74},[60,96989,96990,96992,96994,96996,96998,97000],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,96991,135],{"class":134},[60,96993,122],{"class":74},[60,96995,1657],{"class":1656},[60,96997,122],{"class":74},[60,96999,15601],{"class":118},[60,97001,315],{"class":74},[60,97003,97004,97006,97008,97010],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,97005,135],{"class":134},[60,97007,122],{"class":74},[60,97009,221],{"class":118},[60,97011,128],{"class":74},[60,97013,97014,97016,97018,97020,97022,97024],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,97015,135],{"class":134},[60,97017,122],{"class":74},[60,97019,1657],{"class":1656},[60,97021,122],{"class":74},[60,97023,221],{"class":118},[60,97025,315],{"class":74},[60,97027,97028,97030,97032,97034,97036,97038],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,97029,32085],{"class":134},[60,97031,122],{"class":74},[60,97033,6228],{"class":1656},[60,97035,115],{"class":74},[60,97037,81866],{"class":24682},[60,97039,128],{"class":74},[20,97041,97042,97043,97045,97046,115],{},"Also remember that ",[15,97044,95971],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[260,97047,52975],{"href":97048},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[46,97050,1773],{"id":1772},[553,97052,1777,97054,97056],{"id":97053},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,97055,95971],{}," return a new set?",[20,97058,97059,97060,115],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,97061,3734],{},[553,97063,97065],{"id":97064},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,97067,97068],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[553,97070,97072],{"id":97071},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,97074,150,97075,11028,97078,115],{},[15,97076,97077],{},"set.update()",[15,97079,95966],{},[553,97081,97083],{"id":97082},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,97085,97086,97087,115],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,97088,2964],{},[46,97090,1842],{"id":1841},[30,97092,97093,97097,97102],{},[33,97094,97095],{},[260,97096,96091],{"href":96090},[33,97098,97099],{},[260,97100,97101],{"href":96094},"How to create a set in Python",[33,97103,97104],{},[260,97105,96577,97106,1869],{"href":96576},[15,97107,14888],{},[20,97109,97110,97111,97113],{},"Once you understand ",[15,97112,95966],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[1885,97115,97116],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":97118},[97119,97120,97122,97123,97124,97125,97129,97133,97134,97135,97142],{"id":1971,"depth":104,"text":1972},{"id":96063,"depth":104,"text":97121},"What set.add() does",{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199},{"id":11410,"depth":104,"text":11411},{"id":96306,"depth":104,"text":96307},{"id":96397,"depth":104,"text":97126,"children":97127},"add() vs update()",[97128],{"id":96557,"depth":131,"text":96558},{"id":17353,"depth":104,"text":17354,"children":97130},[97131,97132],{"id":96596,"depth":131,"text":96597},{"id":61528,"depth":131,"text":96653},{"id":96729,"depth":104,"text":96730},{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":97136},[97137,97139,97140,97141],{"id":97053,"depth":131,"text":97138},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97064,"depth":131,"text":97065},{"id":97071,"depth":131,"text":97072},{"id":97082,"depth":131,"text":97083},{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":95957,"description":97143},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97150,"title":97151,"body":97152,"description":98321,"extension":1930,"meta":98322,"navigation":421,"path":98323,"seo":98324,"stem":98325,"__hash__":98326},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97153,"toc":98288},[97154,97159,97165,97172,97217,97219,97230,97235,97240,97244,97258,97263,97265,97267,97282,97284,97298,97300,97302,97367,97369,97379,97381,97399,97405,97412,97417,97491,97493,97510,97516,97521,97592,97594,97621,97638,97641,97647,97649,97656,97660,97727,97729,97744,97747,97800,97802,97810,97822,97824,97828,97833,97835,97884,97886,97894,97896,97941,97943,97953,97959,97967,97980,97986,97988,98017,98019,98037,98041,98044,98075,98077,98095,98099,98174,98176,98192,98199,98201,98206,98211,98217,98220,98224,98232,98239,98247,98249,98285],[10,97155,95963,97157,18],{"id":97156},"python-set-clear-method",[15,97158,11257],{},[20,97160,97161,97164],{},[15,97162,97163],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,97166,97167,97168,97171],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[3698,97169,97170],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[51,97173,97175],{"className":53,"code":97174,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97176,97177,97197,97207],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,97178,97179,97181,97183,97185,97187,97189,97191,97193,97195],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,97180,67],{"class":66},[60,97182,71],{"class":70},[60,97184,10426],{"class":74},[60,97186,79],{"class":78},[60,97188,82],{"class":74},[60,97190,85],{"class":78},[60,97192,82],{"class":74},[60,97194,94],{"class":78},[60,97196,9244],{"class":74},[60,97198,97199,97201,97203,97205],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,97200,1506],{"class":66},[60,97202,115],{"class":74},[60,97204,11318],{"class":118},[60,97206,8579],{"class":74},[60,97208,97209,97211,97213,97215],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,97210,135],{"class":134},[60,97212,122],{"class":74},[60,97214,1506],{"class":118},[60,97216,128],{"class":74},[20,97218,318],{},[51,97220,97222],{"className":53,"code":97221,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"set()\n",[15,97223,97224],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,97225,97226,97228],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,97227,6228],{"class":1656},[60,97229,8579],{"class":74},[20,97231,97232,97234],{},[15,97233,11257],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[46,97236,158,97238,161],{"id":97237},"what-setclear-does",[15,97239,97163],{},[20,97241,1947,97242,11348],{},[15,97243,11257],{},[30,97245,97246,97249,97251,97255],{},[33,97247,97248],{},"Removes every item from a set",[33,97250,96078],{},[33,97252,11359,97253],{},[15,97254,3734],{},[33,97256,97257],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,97259,96087,97260,71365],{},[260,97261,96091],{"href":97262},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[46,97264,199],{"id":198},[20,97266,54370],{},[51,97268,97270],{"className":53,"code":97269,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,97271,97272],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,97273,97274,97276,97278,97280],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,97275,15601],{"class":66},[60,97277,115],{"class":74},[60,97279,11318],{"class":118},[60,97281,8579],{"class":74},[20,97283,12989],{},[30,97285,97286,97289,97292,97295],{},[33,97287,97288],{},"It takes no arguments",[33,97290,97291],{},"It empties the set",[33,97293,97294],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[33,97296,97297],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[46,97299,11411],{"id":11410},[20,97301,11414],{},[51,97303,97305],{"className":53,"code":97304,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,97306,97307,97339,97343,97353,97357],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,97308,97309,97311,97313,97315,97317,97319,97321,97323,97325,97327,97329,97331,97333,97335,97337],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,97310,377],{"class":66},[60,97312,71],{"class":70},[60,97314,10426],{"class":74},[60,97316,256],{"class":255},[60,97318,386],{"class":259},[60,97320,256],{"class":255},[60,97322,82],{"class":74},[60,97324,267],{"class":255},[60,97326,404],{"class":259},[60,97328,256],{"class":255},[60,97330,82],{"class":74},[60,97332,267],{"class":255},[60,97334,395],{"class":259},[60,97336,256],{"class":255},[60,97338,9244],{"class":74},[60,97340,97341],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,97342,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,97344,97345,97347,97349,97351],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,97346,431],{"class":66},[60,97348,115],{"class":74},[60,97350,11318],{"class":118},[60,97352,8579],{"class":74},[60,97354,97355],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,97356,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,97358,97359,97361,97363,97365],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,97360,135],{"class":134},[60,97362,122],{"class":74},[60,97364,431],{"class":118},[60,97366,128],{"class":74},[20,97368,318],{},[51,97370,97371],{"className":53,"code":97221,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,97372,97373],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,97374,97375,97377],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,97376,6228],{"class":1656},[60,97378,8579],{"class":74},[20,97380,11620],{},[30,97382,97383,97388,97393],{},[33,97384,97385,97387],{},[15,97386,431],{}," starts with three values",[33,97389,97390,11633],{},[15,97391,97392],{},"colors.clear()",[33,97394,97395,97396,97398],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,97397,3753],{},", which means an empty set",[46,97400,97402,97404],{"id":97401},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,97403,11257],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,97406,97407,544,97409,97411],{},[15,97408,11257],{},[15,97410,3753],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[553,97413,8356,97415],{"id":97414},"using-clear",[15,97416,11257],{},[51,97418,97420],{"className":53,"code":97419,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97421,97422,97442,97452,97456,97466,97470,97480],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,97423,97424,97426,97428,97430,97432,97434,97436,97438,97440],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,97425,777],{"class":66},[60,97427,71],{"class":70},[60,97429,10426],{"class":74},[60,97431,79],{"class":78},[60,97433,82],{"class":74},[60,97435,85],{"class":78},[60,97437,82],{"class":74},[60,97439,94],{"class":78},[60,97441,9244],{"class":74},[60,97443,97444,97447,97449],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,97445,97446],{"class":66},"other_name ",[60,97448,71],{"class":70},[60,97450,97451],{"class":66}," items\n",[60,97453,97454],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,97455,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,97457,97458,97460,97462,97464],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,97459,828],{"class":66},[60,97461,115],{"class":74},[60,97463,11318],{"class":118},[60,97465,8579],{"class":74},[60,97467,97468],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,97469,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,97471,97472,97474,97476,97478],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,97473,135],{"class":134},[60,97475,122],{"class":74},[60,97477,828],{"class":118},[60,97479,128],{"class":74},[60,97481,97482,97484,97486,97489],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,97483,135],{"class":134},[60,97485,122],{"class":74},[60,97487,97488],{"class":118},"other_name",[60,97490,128],{"class":74},[20,97492,318],{},[51,97494,97496],{"className":53,"code":97495,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"set()\nset()\n",[15,97497,97498,97504],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,97499,97500,97502],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,97501,6228],{"class":1656},[60,97503,8579],{"class":74},[60,97505,97506,97508],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,97507,6228],{"class":1656},[60,97509,8579],{"class":74},[20,97511,97512,97513,115],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[3698,97514,97515],{},"same set object",[553,97517,8356,97519],{"id":97518},"using-set",[15,97520,3753],{},[51,97522,97524],{"className":53,"code":97523,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97525,97526,97546,97554,97558,97568,97572,97582],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,97527,97528,97530,97532,97534,97536,97538,97540,97542,97544],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,97529,777],{"class":66},[60,97531,71],{"class":70},[60,97533,10426],{"class":74},[60,97535,79],{"class":78},[60,97537,82],{"class":74},[60,97539,85],{"class":78},[60,97541,82],{"class":74},[60,97543,94],{"class":78},[60,97545,9244],{"class":74},[60,97547,97548,97550,97552],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,97549,97446],{"class":66},[60,97551,71],{"class":70},[60,97553,97451],{"class":66},[60,97555,97556],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,97557,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,97559,97560,97562,97564,97566],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,97561,777],{"class":66},[60,97563,71],{"class":70},[60,97565,15568],{"class":1656},[60,97567,8579],{"class":74},[60,97569,97570],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,97571,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,97573,97574,97576,97578,97580],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,97575,135],{"class":134},[60,97577,122],{"class":74},[60,97579,828],{"class":118},[60,97581,128],{"class":74},[60,97583,97584,97586,97588,97590],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,97585,135],{"class":134},[60,97587,122],{"class":74},[60,97589,97488],{"class":118},[60,97591,128],{"class":74},[20,97593,318],{},[51,97595,97597],{"className":53,"code":97596,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97598,97599,97605],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,97600,97601,97603],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,97602,6228],{"class":1656},[60,97604,8579],{"class":74},[60,97606,97607,97609,97611,97613,97615,97617,97619],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,97608,9213],{"class":74},[60,97610,79],{"class":78},[60,97612,82],{"class":74},[60,97614,85],{"class":78},[60,97616,82],{"class":74},[60,97618,94],{"class":78},[60,97620,9244],{"class":74},[20,97622,20704,97623,92855,97626,97629,97630,115,97632,97634,97635,97637],{},[15,97624,97625],{},"items = set()",[3698,97627,97628],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,97631,828],{},[9781,97633],{},"\nBut ",[15,97636,97488],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,97639,97640],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,97642,97643,97644,115],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[260,97645,96095],{"href":97646},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[46,97648,17354],{"id":17353},[20,97650,97651,13989,97653,97655],{},[15,97652,11257],{},[3698,97654,4581],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,97657,5096,97658,115],{},[15,97659,3734],{},[51,97661,97663],{"className":53,"code":97662,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97664,97665,97685,97689,97703,97707,97717],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,97666,97667,97669,97671,97673,97675,97677,97679,97681,97683],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,97668,67],{"class":66},[60,97670,71],{"class":70},[60,97672,10426],{"class":74},[60,97674,79],{"class":78},[60,97676,82],{"class":74},[60,97678,85],{"class":78},[60,97680,82],{"class":74},[60,97682,94],{"class":78},[60,97684,9244],{"class":74},[60,97686,97687],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,97688,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,97690,97691,97693,97695,97697,97699,97701],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,97692,107],{"class":66},[60,97694,71],{"class":70},[60,97696,112],{"class":66},[60,97698,115],{"class":74},[60,97700,11318],{"class":118},[60,97702,8579],{"class":74},[60,97704,97705],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,97706,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,97708,97709,97711,97713,97715],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,97710,135],{"class":134},[60,97712,122],{"class":74},[60,97714,140],{"class":118},[60,97716,128],{"class":74},[60,97718,97719,97721,97723,97725],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,97720,135],{"class":134},[60,97722,122],{"class":74},[60,97724,1506],{"class":118},[60,97726,128],{"class":74},[20,97728,318],{},[51,97730,97732],{"className":53,"code":97731,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"None\nset()\n",[15,97733,97734,97738],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,97735,97736],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,97737,11745],{"class":685},[60,97739,97740,97742],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,97741,6228],{"class":1656},[60,97743,8579],{"class":74},[20,97745,97746],{},"Do not do this:",[51,97748,97750],{"className":53,"code":97749,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97751,97752,97772,97786,97790],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,97753,97754,97756,97758,97760,97762,97764,97766,97768,97770],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,97755,67],{"class":66},[60,97757,71],{"class":70},[60,97759,10426],{"class":74},[60,97761,79],{"class":78},[60,97763,82],{"class":74},[60,97765,85],{"class":78},[60,97767,82],{"class":74},[60,97769,94],{"class":78},[60,97771,9244],{"class":74},[60,97773,97774,97776,97778,97780,97782,97784],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,97775,67],{"class":66},[60,97777,71],{"class":70},[60,97779,112],{"class":66},[60,97781,115],{"class":74},[60,97783,11318],{"class":118},[60,97785,8579],{"class":74},[60,97787,97788],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,97789,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,97791,97792,97794,97796,97798],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,97793,135],{"class":134},[60,97795,122],{"class":74},[60,97797,1506],{"class":118},[60,97799,128],{"class":74},[20,97801,318],{},[51,97803,97804],{"className":53,"code":11745,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,97805,97806],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,97807,97808],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,97809,11745],{"class":685},[20,97811,22122,97812,2361,97814,97816,97817,97819,97820,115],{},[15,97813,54483],{},[15,97815,3734],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,97818,3734],{}," back to ",[15,97821,1506],{},[46,97823,4468],{"id":4467},[20,97825,10683,97826,115],{},[15,97827,97163],{},[553,97829,12531,97831],{"id":97830},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,97832,11257],{},[20,97834,16579],{},[51,97836,97838],{"className":53,"code":97837,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97839,97840,97860,97874],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,97841,97842,97844,97846,97848,97850,97852,97854,97856,97858],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,97843,15563],{"class":66},[60,97845,71],{"class":70},[60,97847,10426],{"class":74},[60,97849,79],{"class":78},[60,97851,82],{"class":74},[60,97853,85],{"class":78},[60,97855,82],{"class":74},[60,97857,94],{"class":78},[60,97859,9244],{"class":74},[60,97861,97862,97864,97866,97868,97870,97872],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,97863,15563],{"class":66},[60,97865,71],{"class":70},[60,97867,96687],{"class":66},[60,97869,115],{"class":74},[60,97871,11318],{"class":118},[60,97873,8579],{"class":74},[60,97875,97876,97878,97880,97882],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,97877,135],{"class":134},[60,97879,122],{"class":74},[60,97881,15601],{"class":118},[60,97883,128],{"class":74},[20,97885,318],{},[51,97887,97888],{"className":53,"code":11745,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,97889,97890],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,97891,97892],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,97893,11745],{"class":685},[20,97895,16591],{},[51,97897,97899],{"className":53,"code":97898,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97900,97901,97921,97931],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,97902,97903,97905,97907,97909,97911,97913,97915,97917,97919],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,97904,15563],{"class":66},[60,97906,71],{"class":70},[60,97908,10426],{"class":74},[60,97910,79],{"class":78},[60,97912,82],{"class":74},[60,97914,85],{"class":78},[60,97916,82],{"class":74},[60,97918,94],{"class":78},[60,97920,9244],{"class":74},[60,97922,97923,97925,97927,97929],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,97924,15601],{"class":66},[60,97926,115],{"class":74},[60,97928,11318],{"class":118},[60,97930,8579],{"class":74},[60,97932,97933,97935,97937,97939],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,97934,135],{"class":134},[60,97936,122],{"class":74},[60,97938,15601],{"class":118},[60,97940,128],{"class":74},[20,97942,318],{},[51,97944,97945],{"className":53,"code":97221,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,97946,97947],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,97948,97949,97951],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,97950,6228],{"class":1656},[60,97952,8579],{"class":74},[553,97954,1454,97956,97958],{"id":97955},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,97957,11257],{}," to remove only one item",[20,97960,97961,97963,97964,97966],{},[15,97962,11257],{}," removes ",[3698,97965,3670],{}," items from the set.",[20,97968,97969,97970,1460,97975,115],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[260,97971,97973],{"href":97972},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,97974,55451],{},[260,97976,97978],{"href":97977},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,97979,12699],{},[553,97981,8356,97983,97985],{"id":97982},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,97984,3748],{}," for an empty set",[20,97987,25623],{},[51,97989,97991],{"className":53,"code":97990,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,97992,97993,98002],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,97994,97995,97998,98000],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,97996,97997],{"class":66},"empty_value ",[60,97999,71],{"class":70},[60,98001,9773],{"class":74},[60,98003,98004,98006,98008,98010,98012,98015],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,98005,135],{"class":134},[60,98007,122],{"class":74},[60,98009,1657],{"class":1656},[60,98011,122],{"class":74},[60,98013,98014],{"class":118},"empty_value",[60,98016,315],{"class":74},[20,98018,318],{},[51,98020,98021],{"className":53,"code":8743,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,98022,98023],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,98024,98025,98027,98029,98031,98033,98035],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,98026,3250],{"class":70},[60,98028,3253],{"class":2033},[60,98030,3256],{"class":255},[60,98032,8756],{"class":259},[60,98034,3261],{"class":255},[60,98036,3264],{"class":70},[20,98038,98039,8723],{},[15,98040,3748],{},[20,98042,98043],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[51,98045,98047],{"className":53,"code":98046,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98048,98049,98060],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,98050,98051,98054,98056,98058],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,98052,98053],{"class":66},"empty_set ",[60,98055,71],{"class":70},[60,98057,15568],{"class":1656},[60,98059,8579],{"class":74},[60,98061,98062,98064,98066,98068,98070,98073],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,98063,135],{"class":134},[60,98065,122],{"class":74},[60,98067,1657],{"class":1656},[60,98069,122],{"class":74},[60,98071,98072],{"class":118},"empty_set",[60,98074,315],{"class":74},[20,98076,318],{},[51,98078,98079],{"className":53,"code":8787,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,98080,98081],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,98082,98083,98085,98087,98089,98091,98093],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,98084,3250],{"class":70},[60,98086,3253],{"class":2033},[60,98088,3256],{"class":255},[60,98090,6228],{"class":259},[60,98092,3261],{"class":255},[60,98094,3264],{"class":70},[553,98096,98098],{"id":98097},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[51,98100,98102],{"className":53,"code":98101,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,98103,98104,98128,98136,98140,98150,98154,98164],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,98105,98106,98108,98110,98112,98114,98116,98118,98120,98122,98124,98126],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,98107,2515],{"class":66},[60,98109,71],{"class":70},[60,98111,10426],{"class":74},[60,98113,256],{"class":255},[60,98115,2139],{"class":259},[60,98117,256],{"class":255},[60,98119,82],{"class":74},[60,98121,267],{"class":255},[60,98123,11682],{"class":259},[60,98125,256],{"class":255},[60,98127,9244],{"class":74},[60,98129,98130,98132,98134],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,98131,2543],{"class":66},[60,98133,71],{"class":70},[60,98135,36109],{"class":66},[60,98137,98138],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,98139,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,98141,98142,98144,98146,98148],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,98143,260],{"class":66},[60,98145,115],{"class":74},[60,98147,11318],{"class":118},[60,98149,8579],{"class":74},[60,98151,98152],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,98153,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,98155,98156,98158,98160,98162],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,98157,135],{"class":134},[60,98159,122],{"class":74},[60,98161,260],{"class":118},[60,98163,128],{"class":74},[60,98165,98166,98168,98170,98172],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,98167,135],{"class":134},[60,98169,122],{"class":74},[60,98171,270],{"class":118},[60,98173,128],{"class":74},[20,98175,318],{},[51,98177,98178],{"className":53,"code":97495,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,98179,98180,98186],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,98181,98182,98184],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,98183,6228],{"class":1656},[60,98185,8579],{"class":74},[60,98187,98188,98190],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,98189,6228],{"class":1656},[60,98191,8579],{"class":74},[20,98193,1438,98194,544,98196,98198],{},[15,98195,260],{},[15,98197,270],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[46,98200,1773],{"id":1772},[553,98202,5090,98204,5093],{"id":98203},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,98205,97163],{},[20,98207,5096,98208,98210],{},[15,98209,3734],{},". It empties the set in place.",[553,98212,1777,98214,98216],{"id":98213},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,98215,11257],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,98218,98219],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[553,98221,98223],{"id":98222},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,98225,98226,98227,98229,98230,115],{},"You already have one after ",[15,98228,11257],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,98231,3753],{},[553,98233,5126,98235,544,98237,1435],{"id":98234},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,98236,11257],{},[15,98238,3753],{},[20,98240,98241,98243,98244,98246],{},[15,98242,11257],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,98245,3753],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[46,98248,1842],{"id":1841},[30,98250,98251,98255,98259,98266,98272,98278],{},[33,98252,98253],{},[260,98254,96091],{"href":97262},[33,98256,98257],{},[260,98258,97101],{"href":97646},[33,98260,98261],{},[260,98262,96577,98264,1869],{"href":98263},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,98265,95966],{},[33,98267,98268],{},[260,98269,96577,98270,1869],{"href":97972},[15,98271,55451],{},[33,98273,98274],{},[260,98275,96577,98276,1869],{"href":97977},[15,98277,12699],{},[33,98279,98280],{},[260,98281,96577,98283,1869],{"href":98282},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,98284,14888],{},[1885,98286,98287],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":98289},[98290,98292,98293,98294,98301,98302,98311,98320],{"id":97237,"depth":104,"text":98291},"What set.clear() does",{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199},{"id":11410,"depth":104,"text":11411},{"id":97401,"depth":104,"text":98295,"children":98296},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98297,98299],{"id":97414,"depth":131,"text":98298},"Using clear()",{"id":97518,"depth":131,"text":98300},"Using set()",{"id":17353,"depth":104,"text":17354},{"id":4467,"depth":104,"text":4468,"children":98303},[98304,98306,98308,98310],{"id":97830,"depth":131,"text":98305},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":97955,"depth":131,"text":98307},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":97982,"depth":131,"text":98309},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98097,"depth":131,"text":98098},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":98312},[98313,98315,98317,98318],{"id":98203,"depth":131,"text":98314},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98213,"depth":131,"text":98316},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98222,"depth":131,"text":98223},{"id":98234,"depth":131,"text":98319},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97151,"description":98321},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98328,"title":98329,"body":98330,"description":100162,"extension":1930,"meta":100163,"navigation":421,"path":96094,"seo":100164,"stem":100165,"__hash__":100166},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98331,"toc":100119},[98332,98335,98338,98341,98343,98446,98450,98497,98503,98505,98524,98528,98531,98533,98547,98556,98560,98563,98598,98602,98622,98625,98629,98632,98693,98697,98722,98729,98735,98740,98742,98754,98758,98807,98811,98835,98842,98846,98887,98891,98912,98916,98949,98953,98994,98997,99001,99006,99045,99049,99074,99079,99085,99122,99126,99149,99153,99155,99158,99161,99238,99242,99279,99282,99286,99292,99295,99305,99354,99360,99366,99393,99396,99418,99420,99451,99454,99458,99462,99501,99505,99568,99571,99604,99608,99633,99635,99638,99644,99647,99674,99677,99695,99699,99703,99706,99749,99752,99756,99759,99762,99792,99795,99799,99802,99817,99822,99826,99829,99918,99920,99923,100013,100016,100034,100036,100040,100050,100054,100062,100066,100069,100073,100076,100080,100083,100085,100113,100116],[10,98333,98329],{"id":98334},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,98336,98337],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,98339,98340],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[46,98342,49],{"id":48},[51,98344,98346],{"className":53,"code":98345,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,98347,98348,98368,98402,98412,98416,98426,98436],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,98349,98350,98352,98354,98356,98358,98360,98362,98364,98366],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,98351,67],{"class":66},[60,98353,71],{"class":70},[60,98355,10426],{"class":74},[60,98357,79],{"class":78},[60,98359,82],{"class":74},[60,98361,85],{"class":78},[60,98363,82],{"class":74},[60,98365,94],{"class":78},[60,98367,9244],{"class":74},[60,98369,98370,98372,98374,98376,98378,98380,98382,98384,98386,98388,98390,98392,98394,98396,98398,98400],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,98371,566],{"class":66},[60,98373,71],{"class":70},[60,98375,15568],{"class":1656},[60,98377,835],{"class":74},[60,98379,256],{"class":255},[60,98381,575],{"class":259},[60,98383,256],{"class":255},[60,98385,82],{"class":74},[60,98387,267],{"class":255},[60,98389,1392],{"class":259},[60,98391,256],{"class":255},[60,98393,82],{"class":74},[60,98395,267],{"class":255},[60,98397,575],{"class":259},[60,98399,256],{"class":255},[60,98401,1193],{"class":74},[60,98403,98404,98406,98408,98410],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,98405,98053],{"class":66},[60,98407,71],{"class":70},[60,98409,15568],{"class":1656},[60,98411,8579],{"class":74},[60,98413,98414],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,98415,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,98417,98418,98420,98422,98424],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,98419,135],{"class":134},[60,98421,122],{"class":74},[60,98423,1506],{"class":118},[60,98425,128],{"class":74},[60,98427,98428,98430,98432,98434],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,98429,135],{"class":134},[60,98431,122],{"class":74},[60,98433,605],{"class":118},[60,98435,128],{"class":74},[60,98437,98438,98440,98442,98444],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,98439,135],{"class":134},[60,98441,122],{"class":74},[60,98443,98072],{"class":118},[60,98445,128],{"class":74},[20,98447,98448],{},[3698,98449,318],{},[51,98451,98453],{"className":53,"code":98452,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98454,98455,98471,98491],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,98456,98457,98459,98461,98463,98465,98467,98469],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,98458,9213],{"class":74},[60,98460,79],{"class":78},[60,98462,82],{"class":74},[60,98464,85],{"class":78},[60,98466,82],{"class":74},[60,98468,94],{"class":78},[60,98470,9244],{"class":74},[60,98472,98473,98475,98477,98479,98481,98483,98485,98487,98489],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,98474,9213],{"class":74},[60,98476,3261],{"class":255},[60,98478,1392],{"class":259},[60,98480,3261],{"class":255},[60,98482,82],{"class":74},[60,98484,3256],{"class":255},[60,98486,575],{"class":259},[60,98488,3261],{"class":255},[60,98490,9244],{"class":74},[60,98492,98493,98495],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,98494,6228],{"class":1656},[60,98496,8579],{"class":74},[20,98498,98499,98500,98502],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,98501,3753],{}," for an empty set.",[46,98504,15097],{"id":15096},[30,98506,98507,98510,98515,98518,98521],{},[33,98508,98509],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[33,98511,98512,98513],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,98514,3753],{},[33,98516,98517],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[33,98519,98520],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[33,98522,98523],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[46,98525,98527],{"id":98526},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,98529,98530],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,98532,30472],{},[30,98534,98535,98538,98541,98544],{},[33,98536,98537],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[33,98539,98540],{},"Sets are unordered",[33,98542,98543],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[33,98545,98546],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,98548,98549,98550,1460,98552,115],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[260,98551,96091],{"href":97262},[260,98553,98555],{"href":98554},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[46,98557,98559],{"id":98558},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,98561,98562],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[51,98564,98566],{"className":53,"code":98565,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98567,98568,98588],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,98569,98570,98572,98574,98576,98578,98580,98582,98584,98586],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,98571,67],{"class":66},[60,98573,71],{"class":70},[60,98575,10426],{"class":74},[60,98577,79],{"class":78},[60,98579,82],{"class":74},[60,98581,85],{"class":78},[60,98583,82],{"class":74},[60,98585,94],{"class":78},[60,98587,9244],{"class":74},[60,98589,98590,98592,98594,98596],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,98591,135],{"class":134},[60,98593,122],{"class":74},[60,98595,1506],{"class":118},[60,98597,128],{"class":74},[20,98599,98600],{},[3698,98601,29961],{},[51,98603,98604],{"className":53,"code":96370,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,98605,98606],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,98607,98608,98610,98612,98614,98616,98618,98620],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,98609,9213],{"class":74},[60,98611,79],{"class":78},[60,98613,82],{"class":74},[60,98615,85],{"class":78},[60,98617,82],{"class":74},[60,98619,94],{"class":78},[60,98621,9244],{"class":74},[20,98623,98624],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[553,98626,98628],{"id":98627},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,98630,98631],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[51,98633,98635],{"className":53,"code":98634,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,98636,98637,98669,98679],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,98638,98639,98641,98643,98645,98647,98649,98651,98653,98655,98657,98659,98661,98663,98665,98667],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,98640,67],{"class":66},[60,98642,71],{"class":70},[60,98644,10426],{"class":74},[60,98646,79],{"class":78},[60,98648,82],{"class":74},[60,98650,85],{"class":78},[60,98652,82],{"class":74},[60,98654,85],{"class":78},[60,98656,82],{"class":74},[60,98658,94],{"class":78},[60,98660,82],{"class":74},[60,98662,94],{"class":78},[60,98664,82],{"class":74},[60,98666,94],{"class":78},[60,98668,9244],{"class":74},[60,98670,98671,98673,98675,98677],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,98672,135],{"class":134},[60,98674,122],{"class":74},[60,98676,1506],{"class":118},[60,98678,128],{"class":74},[60,98680,98681,98683,98685,98687,98689,98691],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,98682,135],{"class":134},[60,98684,122],{"class":74},[60,98686,11097],{"class":134},[60,98688,122],{"class":74},[60,98690,1506],{"class":118},[60,98692,315],{"class":74},[20,98694,98695],{},[3698,98696,29961],{},[51,98698,98700],{"className":53,"code":98699,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,98701,98702,98718],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,98703,98704,98706,98708,98710,98712,98714,98716],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,98705,9213],{"class":74},[60,98707,79],{"class":78},[60,98709,82],{"class":74},[60,98711,85],{"class":78},[60,98713,82],{"class":74},[60,98715,94],{"class":78},[60,98717,9244],{"class":74},[60,98719,98720],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,98721,931],{"class":78},[20,98723,20911,98724,544,98726,98728],{},[15,98725,125],{},[15,98727,189],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[46,98730,98732,98733],{"id":98731},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,98734,3753],{},[20,98736,150,98737,98739],{},[15,98738,3753],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,98741,5403],{},[30,98743,98744,98746,98748,98750],{},[33,98745,96850],{},[33,98747,96146],{},[33,98749,56386],{},[33,98751,98752],{},[15,98753,36132],{},[553,98755,98757],{"id":98756},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[51,98759,98761],{"className":53,"code":98760,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98762,98763,98797],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,98764,98765,98767,98769,98771,98773,98775,98777,98779,98781,98783,98785,98787,98789,98791,98793,98795],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,98766,67],{"class":66},[60,98768,71],{"class":70},[60,98770,15568],{"class":1656},[60,98772,835],{"class":74},[60,98774,79],{"class":78},[60,98776,82],{"class":74},[60,98778,85],{"class":78},[60,98780,82],{"class":74},[60,98782,85],{"class":78},[60,98784,82],{"class":74},[60,98786,94],{"class":78},[60,98788,82],{"class":74},[60,98790,94],{"class":78},[60,98792,82],{"class":74},[60,98794,800],{"class":78},[60,98796,1193],{"class":74},[60,98798,98799,98801,98803,98805],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,98800,135],{"class":134},[60,98802,122],{"class":74},[60,98804,1506],{"class":118},[60,98806,128],{"class":74},[20,98808,98809],{},[3698,98810,29961],{},[51,98812,98813],{"className":53,"code":96033,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,98814,98815],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,98816,98817,98819,98821,98823,98825,98827,98829,98831,98833],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,98818,9213],{"class":74},[60,98820,79],{"class":78},[60,98822,82],{"class":74},[60,98824,85],{"class":78},[60,98826,82],{"class":74},[60,98828,94],{"class":78},[60,98830,82],{"class":74},[60,98832,800],{"class":78},[60,98834,9244],{"class":74},[20,98836,98837,98838,115],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[260,98839,98841],{"href":98840},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[553,98843,98845],{"id":98844},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[51,98847,98849],{"className":53,"code":98848,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,98850,98851,98877],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,98852,98853,98855,98857,98859,98861,98863,98865,98867,98869,98871,98873,98875],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,98854,674],{"class":66},[60,98856,71],{"class":70},[60,98858,15568],{"class":1656},[60,98860,5456],{"class":74},[60,98862,873],{"class":78},[60,98864,82],{"class":74},[60,98866,878],{"class":78},[60,98868,82],{"class":74},[60,98870,878],{"class":78},[60,98872,82],{"class":74},[60,98874,888],{"class":78},[60,98876,315],{"class":74},[60,98878,98879,98881,98883,98885],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,98880,135],{"class":134},[60,98882,122],{"class":74},[60,98884,706],{"class":118},[60,98886,128],{"class":74},[20,98888,98889],{},[3698,98890,29961],{},[51,98892,98894],{"className":53,"code":98893,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,98895,98896],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,98897,98898,98900,98902,98904,98906,98908,98910],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,98899,9213],{"class":74},[60,98901,873],{"class":78},[60,98903,82],{"class":74},[60,98905,878],{"class":78},[60,98907,82],{"class":74},[60,98909,888],{"class":78},[60,98911,9244],{"class":74},[553,98913,98915],{"id":98914},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[51,98917,98919],{"className":53,"code":98918,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,98920,98921,98939],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,98922,98923,98925,98927,98929,98931,98933,98935,98937],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,98924,248],{"class":66},[60,98926,71],{"class":70},[60,98928,15568],{"class":1656},[60,98930,122],{"class":74},[60,98932,256],{"class":255},[60,98934,3801],{"class":259},[60,98936,256],{"class":255},[60,98938,128],{"class":74},[60,98940,98941,98943,98945,98947],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,98942,135],{"class":134},[60,98944,122],{"class":74},[60,98946,300],{"class":118},[60,98948,128],{"class":74},[20,98950,98951],{},[3698,98952,29961],{},[51,98954,98956],{"className":53,"code":98955,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,98957,98958],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,98959,98960,98962,98964,98966,98968,98970,98972,98974,98976,98978,98980,98982,98984,98986,98988,98990,98992],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,98961,9213],{"class":74},[60,98963,3261],{"class":255},[60,98965,60197],{"class":259},[60,98967,3261],{"class":255},[60,98969,82],{"class":74},[60,98971,3256],{"class":255},[60,98973,60206],{"class":259},[60,98975,3261],{"class":255},[60,98977,82],{"class":74},[60,98979,3256],{"class":255},[60,98981,60215],{"class":259},[60,98983,3261],{"class":255},[60,98985,82],{"class":74},[60,98987,3256],{"class":255},[60,98989,60232],{"class":259},[60,98991,3261],{"class":255},[60,98993,9244],{"class":74},[20,98995,98996],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[46,98998,99000],{"id":98999},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,99002,99003,99004,115],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,99005,3753],{},[51,99007,99009],{"className":53,"code":99008,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,99010,99011,99021,99031],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99012,99013,99015,99017,99019],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99014,98053],{"class":66},[60,99016,71],{"class":70},[60,99018,15568],{"class":1656},[60,99020,8579],{"class":74},[60,99022,99023,99025,99027,99029],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,99024,135],{"class":134},[60,99026,122],{"class":74},[60,99028,98072],{"class":118},[60,99030,128],{"class":74},[60,99032,99033,99035,99037,99039,99041,99043],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,99034,135],{"class":134},[60,99036,122],{"class":74},[60,99038,1657],{"class":1656},[60,99040,122],{"class":74},[60,99042,98072],{"class":118},[60,99044,315],{"class":74},[20,99046,99047],{},[3698,99048,318],{},[51,99050,99052],{"className":53,"code":99051,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,99053,99054,99060],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99055,99056,99058],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99057,6228],{"class":1656},[60,99059,8579],{"class":74},[60,99061,99062,99064,99066,99068,99070,99072],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,99063,3250],{"class":70},[60,99065,3253],{"class":2033},[60,99067,3256],{"class":255},[60,99069,6228],{"class":259},[60,99071,3261],{"class":255},[60,99073,3264],{"class":70},[553,99075,44360,99077],{"id":99076},"do-not-use",[15,99078,3748],{},[20,99080,99081,99082,99084],{},"Empty braces do ",[3698,99083,4581],{}," create a set.",[51,99086,99088],{"className":53,"code":99087,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,99089,99090,99098,99108],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99091,99092,99094,99096],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99093,97997],{"class":66},[60,99095,71],{"class":70},[60,99097,9773],{"class":74},[60,99099,99100,99102,99104,99106],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,99101,135],{"class":134},[60,99103,122],{"class":74},[60,99105,98014],{"class":118},[60,99107,128],{"class":74},[60,99109,99110,99112,99114,99116,99118,99120],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,99111,135],{"class":134},[60,99113,122],{"class":74},[60,99115,1657],{"class":1656},[60,99117,122],{"class":74},[60,99119,98014],{"class":118},[60,99121,315],{"class":74},[20,99123,99124],{},[3698,99125,318],{},[51,99127,99129],{"className":53,"code":99128,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,99130,99131,99135],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99132,99133],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99134,9370],{"class":74},[60,99136,99137,99139,99141,99143,99145,99147],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,99138,3250],{"class":70},[60,99140,3253],{"class":2033},[60,99142,3256],{"class":255},[60,99144,8756],{"class":259},[60,99146,3261],{"class":255},[60,99148,3264],{"class":70},[20,99150,99151,8723],{},[15,99152,3748],{},[46,99154,72029],{"id":72028},[20,99156,99157],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,99159,99160],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[51,99162,99164],{"className":53,"code":99163,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,99165,99166,99214,99224],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99167,99168,99170,99172,99174,99176,99178,99180,99182,99184,99186,99188,99190,99192,99194,99196,99198,99200,99202,99204,99206,99208,99210,99212],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99169,566],{"class":66},[60,99171,71],{"class":70},[60,99173,10426],{"class":74},[60,99175,256],{"class":255},[60,99177,575],{"class":259},[60,99179,256],{"class":255},[60,99181,82],{"class":74},[60,99183,267],{"class":255},[60,99185,1392],{"class":259},[60,99187,256],{"class":255},[60,99189,82],{"class":74},[60,99191,267],{"class":255},[60,99193,575],{"class":259},[60,99195,256],{"class":255},[60,99197,82],{"class":74},[60,99199,267],{"class":255},[60,99201,575],{"class":259},[60,99203,256],{"class":255},[60,99205,82],{"class":74},[60,99207,267],{"class":255},[60,99209,33154],{"class":259},[60,99211,256],{"class":255},[60,99213,9244],{"class":74},[60,99215,99216,99218,99220,99222],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,99217,135],{"class":134},[60,99219,122],{"class":74},[60,99221,605],{"class":118},[60,99223,128],{"class":74},[60,99225,99226,99228,99230,99232,99234,99236],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,99227,135],{"class":134},[60,99229,122],{"class":74},[60,99231,11097],{"class":134},[60,99233,122],{"class":74},[60,99235,605],{"class":118},[60,99237,315],{"class":74},[20,99239,99240],{},[3698,99241,29961],{},[51,99243,99245],{"className":53,"code":99244,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,99246,99247,99275],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99248,99249,99251,99253,99255,99257,99259,99261,99263,99265,99267,99269,99271,99273],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99250,9213],{"class":74},[60,99252,3261],{"class":255},[60,99254,1392],{"class":259},[60,99256,3261],{"class":255},[60,99258,82],{"class":74},[60,99260,3256],{"class":255},[60,99262,33154],{"class":259},[60,99264,3261],{"class":255},[60,99266,82],{"class":74},[60,99268,3256],{"class":255},[60,99270,575],{"class":259},[60,99272,3261],{"class":255},[60,99274,9244],{"class":74},[60,99276,99277],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,99278,931],{"class":78},[20,99280,99281],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[46,99283,99285],{"id":99284},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,99287,99288,99289,99291],{},"Set items must be ",[3698,99290,96134],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,99293,99294],{},"These usually work:",[30,99296,99297,99299,99301,99303],{},[33,99298,56383],{},[33,99300,56386],{},[33,99302,96146],{},[33,99304,40529],{},[51,99306,99308],{"className":53,"code":99307,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,99309,99310,99344],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99311,99312,99314,99316,99318,99320,99322,99324,99326,99328,99330,99332,99334,99336,99338,99340,99342],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99313,674],{"class":66},[60,99315,71],{"class":70},[60,99317,10426],{"class":74},[60,99319,79],{"class":78},[60,99321,82],{"class":74},[60,99323,267],{"class":255},[60,99325,575],{"class":259},[60,99327,256],{"class":255},[60,99329,82],{"class":74},[60,99331,9171],{"class":74},[60,99333,873],{"class":78},[60,99335,82],{"class":74},[60,99337,878],{"class":78},[60,99339,9168],{"class":74},[60,99341,686],{"class":685},[60,99343,9244],{"class":74},[60,99345,99346,99348,99350,99352],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,99347,135],{"class":134},[60,99349,122],{"class":74},[60,99351,706],{"class":118},[60,99353,128],{"class":74},[20,99355,99356,99357,99359],{},"These do ",[3698,99358,4581],{}," work directly:",[30,99361,99362,99364],{},[33,99363,96850],{},[33,99365,96853],{},[51,99367,99369],{"className":53,"code":99368,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,99370,99371],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99372,99373,99376,99378,99381,99383,99385,99387,99389,99391],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99374,99375],{"class":66},"bad_set ",[60,99377,71],{"class":70},[60,99379,99380],{"class":74}," {[",[60,99382,79],{"class":78},[60,99384,82],{"class":74},[60,99386,85],{"class":78},[60,99388,82],{"class":74},[60,99390,94],{"class":78},[60,99392,13641],{"class":74},[20,99394,99395],{},"This raises an error:",[51,99397,99398],{"className":53,"code":96909,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,99399,99400],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99401,99402,99404,99406,99408,99410,99412,99414,99416],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99403,2964],{"class":1656},[60,99405,166],{"class":74},[60,99407,96920],{"class":66},[60,99409,1657],{"class":1656},[60,99411,166],{"class":74},[60,99413,3256],{"class":255},[60,99415,8033],{"class":259},[60,99417,29631],{"class":255},[20,99419,52006],{},[51,99421,99423],{"className":53,"code":99422,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99424,99425],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99426,99427,99429,99431,99434,99436,99438,99440,99442,99444,99446,99448],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99428,99375],{"class":66},[60,99430,71],{"class":70},[60,99432,99433],{"class":74}," {{",[60,99435,256],{"class":255},[60,99437,7611],{"class":259},[60,99439,256],{"class":255},[60,99441,166],{"class":74},[60,99443,267],{"class":255},[60,99445,1568],{"class":259},[60,99447,256],{"class":255},[60,99449,99450],{"class":74},"}}\n",[20,99452,99453],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[46,99455,99457],{"id":99456},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[553,99459,99461],{"id":99460},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[51,99463,99465],{"className":53,"code":99464,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99466,99467,99491],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99468,99469,99471,99473,99475,99477,99479,99481,99483,99485,99487,99489],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99470,67],{"class":66},[60,99472,71],{"class":70},[60,99474,10426],{"class":74},[60,99476,79],{"class":78},[60,99478,82],{"class":74},[60,99480,85],{"class":78},[60,99482,82],{"class":74},[60,99484,94],{"class":78},[60,99486,82],{"class":74},[60,99488,800],{"class":78},[60,99490,9244],{"class":74},[60,99492,99493,99495,99497,99499],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,99494,135],{"class":134},[60,99496,122],{"class":74},[60,99498,1506],{"class":118},[60,99500,128],{"class":74},[553,99502,99504],{"id":99503},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[51,99506,99508],{"className":53,"code":99507,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,99509,99510,99538,99553,99557],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99511,99512,99514,99516,99518,99520,99522,99524,99526,99528,99530,99532,99534,99536],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99513,777],{"class":66},[60,99515,71],{"class":70},[60,99517,75],{"class":74},[60,99519,79],{"class":78},[60,99521,82],{"class":74},[60,99523,695],{"class":78},[60,99525,82],{"class":74},[60,99527,85],{"class":78},[60,99529,82],{"class":74},[60,99531,94],{"class":78},[60,99533,82],{"class":74},[60,99535,94],{"class":78},[60,99537,101],{"class":74},[60,99539,99540,99543,99545,99547,99549,99551],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,99541,99542],{"class":66},"unique_items ",[60,99544,71],{"class":70},[60,99546,15568],{"class":1656},[60,99548,122],{"class":74},[60,99550,828],{"class":118},[60,99552,128],{"class":74},[60,99554,99555],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,99556,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,99558,99559,99561,99563,99566],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,99560,135],{"class":134},[60,99562,122],{"class":74},[60,99564,99565],{"class":118},"unique_items",[60,99567,128],{"class":74},[553,99569,98915],{"id":99570},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[51,99572,99574],{"className":53,"code":99573,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99575,99576,99594],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99577,99578,99580,99582,99584,99586,99588,99590,99592],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99579,248],{"class":66},[60,99581,71],{"class":70},[60,99583,15568],{"class":1656},[60,99585,122],{"class":74},[60,99587,256],{"class":255},[60,99589,1392],{"class":259},[60,99591,256],{"class":255},[60,99593,128],{"class":74},[60,99595,99596,99598,99600,99602],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,99597,135],{"class":134},[60,99599,122],{"class":74},[60,99601,300],{"class":118},[60,99603,128],{"class":74},[553,99605,99607],{"id":99606},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[51,99609,99611],{"className":53,"code":99610,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99612,99613,99623],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99614,99615,99617,99619,99621],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99616,98053],{"class":66},[60,99618,71],{"class":70},[60,99620,15568],{"class":1656},[60,99622,8579],{"class":74},[60,99624,99625,99627,99629,99631],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,99626,135],{"class":134},[60,99628,122],{"class":74},[60,99630,98072],{"class":118},[60,99632,128],{"class":74},[46,99634,1351],{"id":1350},[20,99636,99637],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[553,99639,8356,99641,99643],{"id":99640},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,99642,3748],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,99645,99646],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[51,99648,99650],{"className":53,"code":99649,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,99651,99652,99660],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99653,99654,99656,99658],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99655,1690],{"class":66},[60,99657,71],{"class":70},[60,99659,9773],{"class":74},[60,99661,99662,99664,99666,99668,99670,99672],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,99663,135],{"class":134},[60,99665,122],{"class":74},[60,99667,1657],{"class":1656},[60,99669,122],{"class":74},[60,99671,221],{"class":118},[60,99673,315],{"class":74},[20,99675,99676],{},"This prints:",[51,99678,99679],{"className":53,"code":8743,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,99680,99681],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99682,99683,99685,99687,99689,99691,99693],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99684,3250],{"class":70},[60,99686,3253],{"class":2033},[60,99688,3256],{"class":255},[60,99690,8756],{"class":259},[60,99692,3261],{"class":255},[60,99694,3264],{"class":70},[20,99696,150,99697,6573],{},[15,99698,3753],{},[553,99700,99702],{"id":99701},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,99704,99705],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[51,99707,99709],{"className":53,"code":99708,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99710,99711,99739],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99712,99713,99715,99717,99719,99721,99723,99725,99727,99729,99731,99733,99735,99737],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99714,67],{"class":66},[60,99716,71],{"class":70},[60,99718,10426],{"class":74},[60,99720,79],{"class":78},[60,99722,82],{"class":74},[60,99724,695],{"class":78},[60,99726,82],{"class":74},[60,99728,85],{"class":78},[60,99730,82],{"class":74},[60,99732,85],{"class":78},[60,99734,82],{"class":74},[60,99736,94],{"class":78},[60,99738,9244],{"class":74},[60,99740,99741,99743,99745,99747],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,99742,135],{"class":134},[60,99744,122],{"class":74},[60,99746,1506],{"class":118},[60,99748,128],{"class":74},[20,99750,99751],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[553,99753,99755],{"id":99754},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,99757,99758],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,99760,99761],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[51,99763,99765],{"className":53,"code":99764,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,99766,99767,99787],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99768,99769,99771,99773,99775,99777,99779,99781,99783,99785],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99770,67],{"class":66},[60,99772,71],{"class":70},[60,99774,10426],{"class":74},[60,99776,873],{"class":78},[60,99778,82],{"class":74},[60,99780,878],{"class":78},[60,99782,82],{"class":74},[60,99784,888],{"class":78},[60,99786,9244],{"class":74},[60,99788,99789],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,99790,99791],{"class":146},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,99793,99794],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[553,99796,99798],{"id":99797},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,99800,99801],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[51,99803,99805],{"className":53,"code":99804,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,99806,99807,99812],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99808,99809],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99810,99811],{"class":146},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[60,99813,99814],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,99815,99816],{"class":146},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,99818,99819,99820,115],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,99821,2964],{},[553,99823,99825],{"id":99824},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,99827,99828],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[51,99830,99832],{"className":53,"code":99831,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,99833,99834,99854,99886,99890,99904],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99835,99836,99838,99840,99842,99844,99846,99848,99850,99852],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99837,15563],{"class":66},[60,99839,71],{"class":70},[60,99841,10426],{"class":74},[60,99843,79],{"class":78},[60,99845,82],{"class":74},[60,99847,85],{"class":78},[60,99849,82],{"class":74},[60,99851,94],{"class":78},[60,99853,9244],{"class":74},[60,99855,99856,99858,99860,99862,99864,99866,99868,99870,99872,99874,99876,99878,99880,99882,99884],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,99857,11661],{"class":66},[60,99859,71],{"class":70},[60,99861,10426],{"class":74},[60,99863,256],{"class":255},[60,99865,260],{"class":259},[60,99867,256],{"class":255},[60,99869,166],{"class":74},[60,99871,695],{"class":78},[60,99873,82],{"class":74},[60,99875,267],{"class":255},[60,99877,270],{"class":259},[60,99879,256],{"class":255},[60,99881,166],{"class":74},[60,99883,85],{"class":78},[60,99885,9244],{"class":74},[60,99887,99888],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,99889,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,99891,99892,99894,99896,99898,99900,99902],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,99893,135],{"class":134},[60,99895,122],{"class":74},[60,99897,1657],{"class":1656},[60,99899,122],{"class":74},[60,99901,15601],{"class":118},[60,99903,315],{"class":74},[60,99905,99906,99908,99910,99912,99914,99916],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,99907,135],{"class":134},[60,99909,122],{"class":74},[60,99911,1657],{"class":1656},[60,99913,122],{"class":74},[60,99915,11385],{"class":118},[60,99917,315],{"class":74},[46,99919,92546],{"id":92545},[20,99921,99922],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[51,99924,99926],{"className":53,"code":99925,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,99927,99928,99954,99958,99972,99982,99996,100003],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99929,99930,99932,99934,99936,99938,99940,99942,99944,99946,99948,99950,99952],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99931,15563],{"class":66},[60,99933,71],{"class":70},[60,99935,15568],{"class":1656},[60,99937,835],{"class":74},[60,99939,79],{"class":78},[60,99941,82],{"class":74},[60,99943,85],{"class":78},[60,99945,82],{"class":74},[60,99947,85],{"class":78},[60,99949,82],{"class":74},[60,99951,94],{"class":78},[60,99953,1193],{"class":74},[60,99955,99956],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,99957,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,99959,99960,99962,99964,99966,99968,99970],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,99961,135],{"class":134},[60,99963,122],{"class":74},[60,99965,1657],{"class":1656},[60,99967,122],{"class":74},[60,99969,15601],{"class":118},[60,99971,315],{"class":74},[60,99973,99974,99976,99978,99980],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,99975,135],{"class":134},[60,99977,122],{"class":74},[60,99979,15601],{"class":118},[60,99981,128],{"class":74},[60,99983,99984,99986,99988,99990,99992,99994],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,99985,135],{"class":134},[60,99987,122],{"class":74},[60,99989,11097],{"class":134},[60,99991,122],{"class":74},[60,99993,15601],{"class":118},[60,99995,315],{"class":74},[60,99997,99998,100000],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,99999,135],{"class":134},[60,100001,100002],{"class":74},"({})\n",[60,100004,100005,100007,100009,100011],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,100006,135],{"class":134},[60,100008,122],{"class":74},[60,100010,6228],{"class":1656},[60,100012,7136],{"class":74},[20,100014,100015],{},"Use these to confirm:",[30,100017,100018,100021,100024,100027],{},[33,100019,100020],{},"The object type",[33,100022,100023],{},"The actual values stored",[33,100025,100026],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[33,100028,100029,100030,544,100032],{},"The difference between ",[15,100031,3748],{},[15,100033,3753],{},[46,100035,1773],{"id":1772},[553,100037,100039],{"id":100038},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,100041,100042,100043,100046,100047,100049],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,100044,100045],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,100048,3753],{}," with another iterable.",[553,100051,100053],{"id":100052},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,100055,150,100056,100058,100059,100061],{},[15,100057,3753],{},". Empty braces ",[15,100060,3748],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[553,100063,100065],{"id":100064},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,100067,100068],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[553,100070,100072],{"id":100071},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,100074,100075],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[553,100077,100079],{"id":100078},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,100081,100082],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[46,100084,1842],{"id":1841},[30,100086,100087,100091,100097,100103,100108],{},[33,100088,100089],{},[260,100090,96091],{"href":97262},[33,100092,100093],{},[260,100094,1875,100095,1869],{"href":98263},[15,100096,95971],{},[33,100098,100099],{},[260,100100,1875,100101,1869],{"href":98282},[15,100102,97077],{},[33,100104,100105],{},[260,100106,100107],{"href":98840},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[33,100109,100110],{},[260,100111,100112],{"href":98554},"What is a set in Python?",[20,100114,100115],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[1885,100117,100118],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":100120},[100121,100122,100123,100124,100127,100133,100137,100138,100139,100145,100153,100154,100161],{"id":48,"depth":104,"text":49},{"id":15096,"depth":104,"text":15097},{"id":98526,"depth":104,"text":98527},{"id":98558,"depth":104,"text":98559,"children":100125},[100126],{"id":98627,"depth":131,"text":98628},{"id":98731,"depth":104,"text":100128,"children":100129},"Create a set with set()",[100130,100131,100132],{"id":98756,"depth":131,"text":98757},{"id":98844,"depth":131,"text":98845},{"id":98914,"depth":131,"text":98915},{"id":98999,"depth":104,"text":99000,"children":100134},[100135],{"id":99076,"depth":131,"text":100136},"Do not use {}",{"id":72028,"depth":104,"text":72029},{"id":99284,"depth":104,"text":99285},{"id":99456,"depth":104,"text":99457,"children":100140},[100141,100142,100143,100144],{"id":99460,"depth":131,"text":99461},{"id":99503,"depth":131,"text":99504},{"id":99570,"depth":131,"text":98915},{"id":99606,"depth":131,"text":99607},{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351,"children":100146},[100147,100149,100150,100151,100152],{"id":99640,"depth":131,"text":100148},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99701,"depth":131,"text":99702},{"id":99754,"depth":131,"text":99755},{"id":99797,"depth":131,"text":99798},{"id":99824,"depth":131,"text":99825},{"id":92545,"depth":104,"text":92546},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":100155},[100156,100157,100158,100159,100160],{"id":100038,"depth":131,"text":100039},{"id":100052,"depth":131,"text":100053},{"id":100064,"depth":131,"text":100065},{"id":100071,"depth":131,"text":100072},{"id":100078,"depth":131,"text":100079},{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98329,"description":100162},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100168,"title":100169,"body":100170,"description":102601,"extension":1930,"meta":102602,"navigation":421,"path":102603,"seo":102604,"stem":102605,"__hash__":102606},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100171,"toc":102566},[100172,100178,100184,100187,100189,100266,100268,100285,100295,100297,100302,100310,100312,100328,100332,100334,100336,100339,100360,100363,100387,100393,100395,100492,100494,100511,100521,100523,100525,100533,100535,100546,100548,100639,100641,100665,100676,100678,100680,100683,100813,100815,100888,100890,100911,100914,100916,100922,100927,100930,101057,101059,101076,101079,101081,101089,101092,101096,101104,101195,101197,101234,101239,101246,101323,101325,101341,101346,101351,101353,101362,101370,101451,101453,101482,101485,101489,101500,101503,101586,101588,101609,101615,101617,101619,101623,101627,101634,101699,101701,101721,101724,101793,101795,101811,101815,101821,101833,101841,101843,101928,101930,101959,101962,101966,101971,101973,102023,102026,102107,102109,102125,102129,102132,102207,102210,102214,102217,102294,102296,102329,102335,102339,102342,102477,102479,102493,102495,102497,102503,102506,102513,102521,102527,102530,102534,102537,102539,102541,102563],[10,100173,95963,100175,18],{"id":100174},"python-set-difference-method",[15,100176,100177],{},"difference()",[20,100179,100180,100183],{},[15,100181,100182],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,100185,100186],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[46,100188,49],{"id":48},[51,100190,100192],{"className":53,"code":100191,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100193,100194,100218,100238,100256],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,100195,100196,100198,100200,100202,100204,100206,100208,100210,100212,100214,100216],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,100197,2515],{"class":66},[60,100199,71],{"class":70},[60,100201,10426],{"class":74},[60,100203,79],{"class":78},[60,100205,82],{"class":74},[60,100207,85],{"class":78},[60,100209,82],{"class":74},[60,100211,94],{"class":78},[60,100213,82],{"class":74},[60,100215,800],{"class":78},[60,100217,9244],{"class":74},[60,100219,100220,100222,100224,100226,100228,100230,100232,100234,100236],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,100221,2543],{"class":66},[60,100223,71],{"class":70},[60,100225,10426],{"class":74},[60,100227,189],{"class":78},[60,100229,82],{"class":74},[60,100231,800],{"class":78},[60,100233,82],{"class":74},[60,100235,4555],{"class":78},[60,100237,9244],{"class":74},[60,100239,100240,100242,100244,100246,100248,100250,100252,100254],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,100241,107],{"class":66},[60,100243,71],{"class":70},[60,100245,56809],{"class":66},[60,100247,115],{"class":74},[60,100249,2773],{"class":118},[60,100251,122],{"class":74},[60,100253,270],{"class":118},[60,100255,128],{"class":74},[60,100257,100258,100260,100262,100264],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,100259,135],{"class":134},[60,100261,122],{"class":74},[60,100263,140],{"class":118},[60,100265,128],{"class":74},[20,100267,318],{},[51,100269,100271],{"className":53,"code":100270,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 2}\n",[15,100272,100273],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,100274,100275,100277,100279,100281,100283],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,100276,9213],{"class":74},[60,100278,79],{"class":78},[60,100280,82],{"class":74},[60,100282,85],{"class":78},[60,100284,9244],{"class":74},[20,100286,100287,100289,100290,100292,100293,115],{},[15,100288,100177],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,100291,260],{}," that are not in ",[15,100294,270],{},[44848,100296],{},[46,100298,158,100300,161],{"id":100299},"what-difference-does",[15,100301,100177],{},[20,100303,1947,100304,100306,100307,100309],{},[15,100305,100177],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[3698,100308,4581],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,100311,12989],{},[30,100313,100314,100319,100322,100325],{},[33,100315,100316,100318],{},[15,100317,100177],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[33,100320,100321],{},"It creates a new set",[33,100323,100324],{},"It does not change the original set",[33,100326,100327],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,100329,96087,100330,115],{},[260,100331,96091],{"href":97262},[44848,100333],{},[46,100335,199],{"id":198},[20,100337,100338],{},"Use this form:",[51,100340,100342],{"className":53,"code":100341,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,100343,100344],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,100345,100346,100349,100351,100353,100355,100358],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,100347,100348],{"class":66},"set1",[60,100350,115],{"class":74},[60,100352,2773],{"class":118},[60,100354,122],{"class":74},[60,100356,100357],{"class":118},"set2",[60,100359,128],{"class":74},[20,100361,100362],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[51,100364,100366],{"className":53,"code":100365,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,100367,100368],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,100369,100370,100372,100374,100376,100378,100380,100382,100385],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,100371,100348],{"class":66},[60,100373,115],{"class":74},[60,100375,2773],{"class":118},[60,100377,122],{"class":74},[60,100379,100357],{"class":118},[60,100381,82],{"class":74},[60,100383,100384],{"class":118}," set3",[60,100386,128],{"class":74},[20,100388,100389,100390,100392],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[3698,100391,5301],{}," of the other sets.",[20,100394,238],{},[51,100396,100398],{"className":53,"code":100397,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100399,100400,100428,100444,100456,100460,100482],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,100401,100402,100404,100406,100408,100410,100412,100414,100416,100418,100420,100422,100424,100426],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,100403,2515],{"class":66},[60,100405,71],{"class":70},[60,100407,10426],{"class":74},[60,100409,79],{"class":78},[60,100411,82],{"class":74},[60,100413,85],{"class":78},[60,100415,82],{"class":74},[60,100417,94],{"class":78},[60,100419,82],{"class":74},[60,100421,800],{"class":78},[60,100423,82],{"class":74},[60,100425,4555],{"class":78},[60,100427,9244],{"class":74},[60,100429,100430,100432,100434,100436,100438,100440,100442],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,100431,2543],{"class":66},[60,100433,71],{"class":70},[60,100435,10426],{"class":74},[60,100437,125],{"class":78},[60,100439,82],{"class":74},[60,100441,94],{"class":78},[60,100443,9244],{"class":74},[60,100445,100446,100448,100450,100452,100454],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,100447,82946],{"class":66},[60,100449,71],{"class":70},[60,100451,10426],{"class":74},[60,100453,1086],{"class":78},[60,100455,9244],{"class":74},[60,100457,100458],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,100459,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,100461,100462,100464,100466,100468,100470,100472,100474,100476,100478,100480],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,100463,107],{"class":66},[60,100465,71],{"class":70},[60,100467,56809],{"class":66},[60,100469,115],{"class":74},[60,100471,2773],{"class":118},[60,100473,122],{"class":74},[60,100475,270],{"class":118},[60,100477,82],{"class":74},[60,100479,9617],{"class":118},[60,100481,128],{"class":74},[60,100483,100484,100486,100488,100490],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,100485,135],{"class":134},[60,100487,122],{"class":74},[60,100489,140],{"class":118},[60,100491,128],{"class":74},[20,100493,318],{},[51,100495,100497],{"className":53,"code":100496,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 4}\n",[15,100498,100499],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,100500,100501,100503,100505,100507,100509],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,100502,9213],{"class":74},[60,100504,79],{"class":78},[60,100506,82],{"class":74},[60,100508,800],{"class":78},[60,100510,9244],{"class":74},[20,100512,100513,100514,100516,100517,1460,100519,115],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100515,260],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,100518,270],{},[15,100520,287],{},[44848,100522],{},[46,100524,17354],{"id":17353},[20,100526,100527,100529,100530,115],{},[15,100528,100177],{}," always returns a ",[3698,100531,100532],{},"new set",[20,100534,531],{},[30,100536,100537,100540,100543],{},[33,100538,100539],{},"The return value is a new set",[33,100541,100542],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[33,100544,100545],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,100547,238],{},[51,100549,100551],{"className":53,"code":100550,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,100552,100553,100569,100589,100593,100611,100615,100625],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,100554,100555,100557,100559,100561,100563,100565,100567],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,100556,2515],{"class":66},[60,100558,71],{"class":70},[60,100560,10426],{"class":74},[60,100562,79],{"class":78},[60,100564,82],{"class":74},[60,100566,85],{"class":78},[60,100568,9244],{"class":74},[60,100570,100571,100573,100575,100577,100579,100581,100583,100585,100587],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,100572,2543],{"class":66},[60,100574,71],{"class":70},[60,100576,10426],{"class":74},[60,100578,79],{"class":78},[60,100580,82],{"class":74},[60,100582,85],{"class":78},[60,100584,82],{"class":74},[60,100586,94],{"class":78},[60,100588,9244],{"class":74},[60,100590,100591],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,100592,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,100594,100595,100597,100599,100601,100603,100605,100607,100609],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,100596,107],{"class":66},[60,100598,71],{"class":70},[60,100600,56809],{"class":66},[60,100602,115],{"class":74},[60,100604,2773],{"class":118},[60,100606,122],{"class":74},[60,100608,270],{"class":118},[60,100610,128],{"class":74},[60,100612,100613],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,100614,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,100616,100617,100619,100621,100623],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,100618,135],{"class":134},[60,100620,122],{"class":74},[60,100622,140],{"class":118},[60,100624,128],{"class":74},[60,100626,100627,100629,100631,100633,100635,100637],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,100628,135],{"class":134},[60,100630,122],{"class":74},[60,100632,1657],{"class":1656},[60,100634,122],{"class":74},[60,100636,140],{"class":118},[60,100638,315],{"class":74},[20,100640,318],{},[51,100642,100643],{"className":53,"code":99051,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,100644,100645,100651],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,100646,100647,100649],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,100648,6228],{"class":1656},[60,100650,8579],{"class":74},[60,100652,100653,100655,100657,100659,100661,100663],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,100654,3250],{"class":70},[60,100656,3253],{"class":2033},[60,100658,3256],{"class":255},[60,100660,6228],{"class":259},[60,100662,3261],{"class":255},[60,100664,3264],{"class":70},[20,100666,100667,100668,18897,100670,100672,100673,100675],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,100669,3753],{},[15,100671,3748],{},". In Python, ",[15,100674,3748],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[44848,100677],{},[46,100679,11411],{"id":11410},[20,100681,100682],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[51,100684,100686],{"className":53,"code":100685,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,100687,100688,100721,100754,100758,100778,100782,100792,100803],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,100689,100690,100693,100695,100697,100699,100701,100703,100705,100707,100709,100711,100713,100715,100717,100719],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,100691,100692],{"class":66},"fruits_a ",[60,100694,71],{"class":70},[60,100696,10426],{"class":74},[60,100698,256],{"class":255},[60,100700,575],{"class":259},[60,100702,256],{"class":255},[60,100704,82],{"class":74},[60,100706,267],{"class":255},[60,100708,1392],{"class":259},[60,100710,256],{"class":255},[60,100712,82],{"class":74},[60,100714,267],{"class":255},[60,100716,33154],{"class":259},[60,100718,256],{"class":255},[60,100720,9244],{"class":74},[60,100722,100723,100726,100728,100730,100732,100734,100736,100738,100740,100742,100744,100746,100748,100750,100752],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,100724,100725],{"class":66},"fruits_b ",[60,100727,71],{"class":70},[60,100729,10426],{"class":74},[60,100731,256],{"class":255},[60,100733,1392],{"class":259},[60,100735,256],{"class":255},[60,100737,82],{"class":74},[60,100739,267],{"class":255},[60,100741,33154],{"class":259},[60,100743,256],{"class":255},[60,100745,82],{"class":74},[60,100747,267],{"class":255},[60,100749,22465],{"class":259},[60,100751,256],{"class":255},[60,100753,9244],{"class":74},[60,100755,100756],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,100757,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,100759,100760,100762,100764,100767,100769,100771,100773,100776],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,100761,107],{"class":66},[60,100763,71],{"class":70},[60,100765,100766],{"class":66}," fruits_a",[60,100768,115],{"class":74},[60,100770,2773],{"class":118},[60,100772,122],{"class":74},[60,100774,100775],{"class":118},"fruits_b",[60,100777,128],{"class":74},[60,100779,100780],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,100781,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,100783,100784,100786,100788,100790],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,100785,135],{"class":134},[60,100787,122],{"class":74},[60,100789,140],{"class":118},[60,100791,128],{"class":74},[60,100793,100794,100796,100798,100801],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,100795,135],{"class":134},[60,100797,122],{"class":74},[60,100799,100800],{"class":118},"fruits_a",[60,100802,128],{"class":74},[60,100804,100805,100807,100809,100811],{"class":62,"line":6367},[60,100806,135],{"class":134},[60,100808,122],{"class":74},[60,100810,100775],{"class":118},[60,100812,128],{"class":74},[20,100814,29961],{},[51,100816,100818],{"className":53,"code":100817,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,100819,100820,100832,100860],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,100821,100822,100824,100826,100828,100830],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,100823,9213],{"class":74},[60,100825,3261],{"class":255},[60,100827,575],{"class":259},[60,100829,3261],{"class":255},[60,100831,9244],{"class":74},[60,100833,100834,100836,100838,100840,100842,100844,100846,100848,100850,100852,100854,100856,100858],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,100835,9213],{"class":74},[60,100837,3261],{"class":255},[60,100839,1392],{"class":259},[60,100841,3261],{"class":255},[60,100843,82],{"class":74},[60,100845,3256],{"class":255},[60,100847,33154],{"class":259},[60,100849,3261],{"class":255},[60,100851,82],{"class":74},[60,100853,3256],{"class":255},[60,100855,575],{"class":259},[60,100857,3261],{"class":255},[60,100859,9244],{"class":74},[60,100861,100862,100864,100866,100868,100870,100872,100874,100876,100878,100880,100882,100884,100886],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,100863,9213],{"class":74},[60,100865,3261],{"class":255},[60,100867,1392],{"class":259},[60,100869,3261],{"class":255},[60,100871,82],{"class":74},[60,100873,3256],{"class":255},[60,100875,33154],{"class":259},[60,100877,3261],{"class":255},[60,100879,82],{"class":74},[60,100881,3256],{"class":255},[60,100883,22465],{"class":259},[60,100885,3261],{"class":255},[60,100887,9244],{"class":74},[20,100889,11620],{},[30,100891,100892,100897,100902,100908],{},[33,100893,100894,100895],{},"Start with ",[15,100896,100800],{},[33,100898,100899,100900],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,100901,100775],{},[33,100903,100904,100905,100907],{},"Only ",[15,100906,652],{}," remains",[33,100909,100910],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,100912,100913],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[44848,100915],{},[46,100917,8356,100919,100921],{"id":100918},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,100920,100177],{}," with multiple sets",[20,100923,100924,100925,115],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,100926,100177],{},[20,100928,100929],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[51,100931,100933],{"className":53,"code":100932,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100934,100935,100967,100984,100997,101014,101018,101047],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,100936,100937,100939,100941,100943,100945,100947,100949,100951,100953,100955,100957,100959,100961,100963,100965],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,100938,67],{"class":66},[60,100940,71],{"class":70},[60,100942,10426],{"class":74},[60,100944,79],{"class":78},[60,100946,82],{"class":74},[60,100948,85],{"class":78},[60,100950,82],{"class":74},[60,100952,94],{"class":78},[60,100954,82],{"class":74},[60,100956,800],{"class":78},[60,100958,82],{"class":74},[60,100960,4555],{"class":78},[60,100962,82],{"class":74},[60,100964,37578],{"class":78},[60,100966,9244],{"class":74},[60,100968,100969,100972,100974,100976,100978,100980,100982],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,100970,100971],{"class":66},"group_a ",[60,100973,71],{"class":70},[60,100975,10426],{"class":74},[60,100977,125],{"class":78},[60,100979,82],{"class":74},[60,100981,800],{"class":78},[60,100983,9244],{"class":74},[60,100985,100986,100989,100991,100993,100995],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,100987,100988],{"class":66},"group_b ",[60,100990,71],{"class":70},[60,100992,10426],{"class":74},[60,100994,1086],{"class":78},[60,100996,9244],{"class":74},[60,100998,100999,101002,101004,101006,101008,101010,101012],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,101000,101001],{"class":66},"group_c ",[60,101003,71],{"class":70},[60,101005,10426],{"class":74},[60,101007,80354],{"class":78},[60,101009,82],{"class":74},[60,101011,5938],{"class":78},[60,101013,9244],{"class":74},[60,101015,101016],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,101017,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,101019,101020,101022,101024,101026,101028,101030,101032,101035,101037,101040,101042,101045],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,101021,107],{"class":66},[60,101023,71],{"class":70},[60,101025,112],{"class":66},[60,101027,115],{"class":74},[60,101029,2773],{"class":118},[60,101031,122],{"class":74},[60,101033,101034],{"class":118},"group_a",[60,101036,82],{"class":74},[60,101038,101039],{"class":118}," group_b",[60,101041,82],{"class":74},[60,101043,101044],{"class":118}," group_c",[60,101046,128],{"class":74},[60,101048,101049,101051,101053,101055],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,101050,135],{"class":134},[60,101052,122],{"class":74},[60,101054,140],{"class":118},[60,101056,128],{"class":74},[20,101058,318],{},[51,101060,101062],{"className":53,"code":101061,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 3}\n",[15,101063,101064],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,101065,101066,101068,101070,101072,101074],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,101067,9213],{"class":74},[60,101069,79],{"class":78},[60,101071,82],{"class":74},[60,101073,94],{"class":78},[60,101075,9244],{"class":74},[20,101077,101078],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[44848,101080],{},[46,101082,101084,10521,101086],{"id":101083},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,101085,100177],{},[15,101087,101088],{},"difference_update()",[20,101090,101091],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[553,101093,101094],{"id":2773},[15,101095,100177],{},[30,101097,101098,101101],{},[33,101099,101100],{},"Returns a new set",[33,101102,101103],{},"Does not change the original set",[51,101105,101107],{"className":53,"code":101106,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101108,101109,101133,101149,101153,101171,101175,101185],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,101110,101111,101113,101115,101117,101119,101121,101123,101125,101127,101129,101131],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,101112,2515],{"class":66},[60,101114,71],{"class":70},[60,101116,10426],{"class":74},[60,101118,79],{"class":78},[60,101120,82],{"class":74},[60,101122,85],{"class":78},[60,101124,82],{"class":74},[60,101126,94],{"class":78},[60,101128,82],{"class":74},[60,101130,800],{"class":78},[60,101132,9244],{"class":74},[60,101134,101135,101137,101139,101141,101143,101145,101147],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,101136,2543],{"class":66},[60,101138,71],{"class":70},[60,101140,10426],{"class":74},[60,101142,189],{"class":78},[60,101144,82],{"class":74},[60,101146,800],{"class":78},[60,101148,9244],{"class":74},[60,101150,101151],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,101152,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,101154,101155,101157,101159,101161,101163,101165,101167,101169],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,101156,107],{"class":66},[60,101158,71],{"class":70},[60,101160,56809],{"class":66},[60,101162,115],{"class":74},[60,101164,2773],{"class":118},[60,101166,122],{"class":74},[60,101168,270],{"class":118},[60,101170,128],{"class":74},[60,101172,101173],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,101174,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,101176,101177,101179,101181,101183],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,101178,135],{"class":134},[60,101180,122],{"class":74},[60,101182,140],{"class":118},[60,101184,128],{"class":74},[60,101186,101187,101189,101191,101193],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,101188,135],{"class":134},[60,101190,122],{"class":74},[60,101192,260],{"class":118},[60,101194,128],{"class":74},[20,101196,318],{},[51,101198,101200],{"className":53,"code":101199,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,101201,101202,101214],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,101203,101204,101206,101208,101210,101212],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,101205,9213],{"class":74},[60,101207,79],{"class":78},[60,101209,82],{"class":74},[60,101211,85],{"class":78},[60,101213,9244],{"class":74},[60,101215,101216,101218,101220,101222,101224,101226,101228,101230,101232],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,101217,9213],{"class":74},[60,101219,79],{"class":78},[60,101221,82],{"class":74},[60,101223,85],{"class":78},[60,101225,82],{"class":74},[60,101227,94],{"class":78},[60,101229,82],{"class":74},[60,101231,800],{"class":78},[60,101233,9244],{"class":74},[553,101235,101237],{"id":101236},"difference_update",[15,101238,101088],{},[30,101240,101241,101244],{},[33,101242,101243],{},"Changes the original set",[33,101245,96081],{},[51,101247,101249],{"className":53,"code":101248,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,101250,101251,101275,101291,101295,101309,101313],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,101252,101253,101255,101257,101259,101261,101263,101265,101267,101269,101271,101273],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,101254,2515],{"class":66},[60,101256,71],{"class":70},[60,101258,10426],{"class":74},[60,101260,79],{"class":78},[60,101262,82],{"class":74},[60,101264,85],{"class":78},[60,101266,82],{"class":74},[60,101268,94],{"class":78},[60,101270,82],{"class":74},[60,101272,800],{"class":78},[60,101274,9244],{"class":74},[60,101276,101277,101279,101281,101283,101285,101287,101289],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,101278,2543],{"class":66},[60,101280,71],{"class":70},[60,101282,10426],{"class":74},[60,101284,189],{"class":78},[60,101286,82],{"class":74},[60,101288,800],{"class":78},[60,101290,9244],{"class":74},[60,101292,101293],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,101294,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,101296,101297,101299,101301,101303,101305,101307],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,101298,260],{"class":66},[60,101300,115],{"class":74},[60,101302,101236],{"class":118},[60,101304,122],{"class":74},[60,101306,270],{"class":118},[60,101308,128],{"class":74},[60,101310,101311],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,101312,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,101314,101315,101317,101319,101321],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,101316,135],{"class":134},[60,101318,122],{"class":74},[60,101320,260],{"class":118},[60,101322,128],{"class":74},[20,101324,318],{},[51,101326,101327],{"className":53,"code":100270,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,101328,101329],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,101330,101331,101333,101335,101337,101339],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,101332,9213],{"class":74},[60,101334,79],{"class":78},[60,101336,82],{"class":74},[60,101338,85],{"class":78},[60,101340,9244],{"class":74},[20,101342,150,101343,101345],{},[15,101344,100177],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,101347,101348,101349,33533],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,101350,101088],{},[44848,101352],{},[46,101354,101356,101358,101359,101361],{"id":101355},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,101357,100177],{}," vs the ",[15,101360,1991],{}," operator",[20,101363,1947,101364,101366,101367,101369],{},[15,101365,1991],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,101368,100177],{}," for two sets.",[51,101371,101373],{"className":53,"code":101372,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,101374,101375,101399,101415,101419,101437],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,101376,101377,101379,101381,101383,101385,101387,101389,101391,101393,101395,101397],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,101378,2515],{"class":66},[60,101380,71],{"class":70},[60,101382,10426],{"class":74},[60,101384,79],{"class":78},[60,101386,82],{"class":74},[60,101388,85],{"class":78},[60,101390,82],{"class":74},[60,101392,94],{"class":78},[60,101394,82],{"class":74},[60,101396,800],{"class":78},[60,101398,9244],{"class":74},[60,101400,101401,101403,101405,101407,101409,101411,101413],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,101402,2543],{"class":66},[60,101404,71],{"class":70},[60,101406,10426],{"class":74},[60,101408,189],{"class":78},[60,101410,82],{"class":74},[60,101412,800],{"class":78},[60,101414,9244],{"class":74},[60,101416,101417],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,101418,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,101420,101421,101423,101425,101427,101429,101431,101433,101435],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,101422,135],{"class":134},[60,101424,122],{"class":74},[60,101426,260],{"class":118},[60,101428,115],{"class":74},[60,101430,2773],{"class":118},[60,101432,122],{"class":74},[60,101434,270],{"class":118},[60,101436,315],{"class":74},[60,101438,101439,101441,101443,101445,101447,101449],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,101440,135],{"class":134},[60,101442,122],{"class":74},[60,101444,2515],{"class":118},[60,101446,1991],{"class":70},[60,101448,2520],{"class":118},[60,101450,128],{"class":74},[20,101452,318],{},[51,101454,101456],{"className":53,"code":101455,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101457,101458,101470],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,101459,101460,101462,101464,101466,101468],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,101461,9213],{"class":74},[60,101463,79],{"class":78},[60,101465,82],{"class":74},[60,101467,85],{"class":78},[60,101469,9244],{"class":74},[60,101471,101472,101474,101476,101478,101480],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,101473,9213],{"class":74},[60,101475,79],{"class":78},[60,101477,82],{"class":74},[60,101479,85],{"class":78},[60,101481,9244],{"class":74},[20,101483,101484],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,101486,94351,101487,1435],{},[15,101488,100177],{},[30,101490,101491,101494,101497],{},[33,101492,101493],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[33,101495,101496],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[33,101498,101499],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,101501,101502],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[51,101504,101506],{"className":53,"code":101505,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,101507,101508,101536,101548,101560,101564],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,101509,101510,101512,101514,101516,101518,101520,101522,101524,101526,101528,101530,101532,101534],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,101511,2515],{"class":66},[60,101513,71],{"class":70},[60,101515,10426],{"class":74},[60,101517,79],{"class":78},[60,101519,82],{"class":74},[60,101521,85],{"class":78},[60,101523,82],{"class":74},[60,101525,94],{"class":78},[60,101527,82],{"class":74},[60,101529,800],{"class":78},[60,101531,82],{"class":74},[60,101533,4555],{"class":78},[60,101535,9244],{"class":74},[60,101537,101538,101540,101542,101544,101546],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,101539,2543],{"class":66},[60,101541,71],{"class":70},[60,101543,10426],{"class":74},[60,101545,125],{"class":78},[60,101547,9244],{"class":74},[60,101549,101550,101552,101554,101556,101558],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,101551,82946],{"class":66},[60,101553,71],{"class":70},[60,101555,10426],{"class":74},[60,101557,2465],{"class":78},[60,101559,9244],{"class":74},[60,101561,101562],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,101563,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,101565,101566,101568,101570,101572,101574,101576,101578,101580,101582,101584],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,101567,135],{"class":134},[60,101569,122],{"class":74},[60,101571,260],{"class":118},[60,101573,115],{"class":74},[60,101575,2773],{"class":118},[60,101577,122],{"class":74},[60,101579,270],{"class":118},[60,101581,82],{"class":74},[60,101583,9617],{"class":118},[60,101585,315],{"class":74},[20,101587,318],{},[51,101589,101591],{"className":53,"code":101590,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,101592,101593],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,101594,101595,101597,101599,101601,101603,101605,101607],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,101596,9213],{"class":74},[60,101598,79],{"class":78},[60,101600,82],{"class":74},[60,101602,94],{"class":78},[60,101604,82],{"class":74},[60,101606,4555],{"class":78},[60,101608,9244],{"class":74},[20,101610,101611,101612,101614],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,101613,1991],{}," operator expression.",[44848,101616],{},[46,101618,4468],{"id":4467},[20,101620,21144,101621,115],{},[15,101622,100177],{},[553,101624,101626],{"id":101625},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,101628,4578,101629,101631,101632,166],{},[3698,101630,4581],{}," change ",[15,101633,260],{},[51,101635,101637],{"className":53,"code":101636,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101638,101639,101659,101671,101675,101689],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,101640,101641,101643,101645,101647,101649,101651,101653,101655,101657],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,101642,2515],{"class":66},[60,101644,71],{"class":70},[60,101646,10426],{"class":74},[60,101648,79],{"class":78},[60,101650,82],{"class":74},[60,101652,85],{"class":78},[60,101654,82],{"class":74},[60,101656,94],{"class":78},[60,101658,9244],{"class":74},[60,101660,101661,101663,101665,101667,101669],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,101662,2543],{"class":66},[60,101664,71],{"class":70},[60,101666,10426],{"class":74},[60,101668,189],{"class":78},[60,101670,9244],{"class":74},[60,101672,101673],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,101674,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,101676,101677,101679,101681,101683,101685,101687],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,101678,260],{"class":66},[60,101680,115],{"class":74},[60,101682,2773],{"class":118},[60,101684,122],{"class":74},[60,101686,270],{"class":118},[60,101688,128],{"class":74},[60,101690,101691,101693,101695,101697],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,101692,135],{"class":134},[60,101694,122],{"class":74},[60,101696,260],{"class":118},[60,101698,128],{"class":74},[20,101700,318],{},[51,101702,101703],{"className":53,"code":96370,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,101704,101705],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,101706,101707,101709,101711,101713,101715,101717,101719],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,101708,9213],{"class":74},[60,101710,79],{"class":78},[60,101712,82],{"class":74},[60,101714,85],{"class":78},[60,101716,82],{"class":74},[60,101718,94],{"class":78},[60,101720,9244],{"class":74},[20,101722,101723],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[51,101725,101727],{"className":53,"code":101726,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101728,101729,101749,101761,101765,101783],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,101730,101731,101733,101735,101737,101739,101741,101743,101745,101747],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,101732,2515],{"class":66},[60,101734,71],{"class":70},[60,101736,10426],{"class":74},[60,101738,79],{"class":78},[60,101740,82],{"class":74},[60,101742,85],{"class":78},[60,101744,82],{"class":74},[60,101746,94],{"class":78},[60,101748,9244],{"class":74},[60,101750,101751,101753,101755,101757,101759],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,101752,2543],{"class":66},[60,101754,71],{"class":70},[60,101756,10426],{"class":74},[60,101758,189],{"class":78},[60,101760,9244],{"class":74},[60,101762,101763],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,101764,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,101766,101767,101769,101771,101773,101775,101777,101779,101781],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,101768,2515],{"class":66},[60,101770,71],{"class":70},[60,101772,56809],{"class":66},[60,101774,115],{"class":74},[60,101776,2773],{"class":118},[60,101778,122],{"class":74},[60,101780,270],{"class":118},[60,101782,128],{"class":74},[60,101784,101785,101787,101789,101791],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,101786,135],{"class":134},[60,101788,122],{"class":74},[60,101790,260],{"class":118},[60,101792,128],{"class":74},[20,101794,318],{},[51,101796,101797],{"className":53,"code":100270,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,101798,101799],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,101800,101801,101803,101805,101807,101809],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,101802,9213],{"class":74},[60,101804,79],{"class":78},[60,101806,82],{"class":74},[60,101808,85],{"class":78},[60,101810,9244],{"class":74},[553,101812,101814],{"id":101813},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,101816,101817,101820],{},[15,101818,101819],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[30,101822,101823,101828],{},[33,101824,101825,101826],{},"keep items from ",[15,101827,260],{},[33,101829,101830,101831],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,101832,270],{},[20,101834,40840,101835,101837,101838,101840],{},[3698,101836,4581],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,101839,270],{},"”.",[20,101842,238],{},[51,101844,101846],{"className":53,"code":101845,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,101847,101848,101868,101888,101892,101910],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,101849,101850,101852,101854,101856,101858,101860,101862,101864,101866],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,101851,2515],{"class":66},[60,101853,71],{"class":70},[60,101855,10426],{"class":74},[60,101857,79],{"class":78},[60,101859,82],{"class":74},[60,101861,85],{"class":78},[60,101863,82],{"class":74},[60,101865,94],{"class":78},[60,101867,9244],{"class":74},[60,101869,101870,101872,101874,101876,101878,101880,101882,101884,101886],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,101871,2543],{"class":66},[60,101873,71],{"class":70},[60,101875,10426],{"class":74},[60,101877,189],{"class":78},[60,101879,82],{"class":74},[60,101881,800],{"class":78},[60,101883,82],{"class":74},[60,101885,4555],{"class":78},[60,101887,9244],{"class":74},[60,101889,101890],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,101891,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,101893,101894,101896,101898,101900,101902,101904,101906,101908],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,101895,135],{"class":134},[60,101897,122],{"class":74},[60,101899,260],{"class":118},[60,101901,115],{"class":74},[60,101903,2773],{"class":118},[60,101905,122],{"class":74},[60,101907,270],{"class":118},[60,101909,315],{"class":74},[60,101911,101912,101914,101916,101918,101920,101922,101924,101926],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,101913,135],{"class":134},[60,101915,122],{"class":74},[60,101917,270],{"class":118},[60,101919,115],{"class":74},[60,101921,2773],{"class":118},[60,101923,122],{"class":74},[60,101925,260],{"class":118},[60,101927,315],{"class":74},[20,101929,318],{},[51,101931,101933],{"className":53,"code":101932,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,101934,101935,101947],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,101936,101937,101939,101941,101943,101945],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,101938,9213],{"class":74},[60,101940,79],{"class":78},[60,101942,82],{"class":74},[60,101944,85],{"class":78},[60,101946,9244],{"class":74},[60,101948,101949,101951,101953,101955,101957],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,101950,9213],{"class":74},[60,101952,2465],{"class":78},[60,101954,82],{"class":74},[60,101956,4555],{"class":78},[60,101958,9244],{"class":74},[20,101960,101961],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[553,101963,101965],{"id":101964},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,101967,101968,101970],{},[15,101969,100177],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,101972,55242],{},[51,101974,101976],{"className":53,"code":101975,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,101977,101978,101998,102014,102018],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,101979,101980,101982,101984,101986,101988,101990,101992,101994,101996],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,101981,2515],{"class":66},[60,101983,71],{"class":70},[60,101985,75],{"class":74},[60,101987,79],{"class":78},[60,101989,82],{"class":74},[60,101991,85],{"class":78},[60,101993,82],{"class":74},[60,101995,94],{"class":78},[60,101997,101],{"class":74},[60,101999,102000,102002,102004,102006,102008,102010,102012],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,102001,2543],{"class":66},[60,102003,71],{"class":70},[60,102005,75],{"class":74},[60,102007,189],{"class":78},[60,102009,82],{"class":74},[60,102011,800],{"class":78},[60,102013,101],{"class":74},[60,102015,102016],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,102017,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,102019,102020],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,102021,102022],{"class":146},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,102024,102025],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[51,102027,102029],{"className":53,"code":102028,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,102030,102031,102051,102067,102071,102097],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,102032,102033,102035,102037,102039,102041,102043,102045,102047,102049],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,102034,2515],{"class":66},[60,102036,71],{"class":70},[60,102038,75],{"class":74},[60,102040,79],{"class":78},[60,102042,82],{"class":74},[60,102044,85],{"class":78},[60,102046,82],{"class":74},[60,102048,94],{"class":78},[60,102050,101],{"class":74},[60,102052,102053,102055,102057,102059,102061,102063,102065],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,102054,2543],{"class":66},[60,102056,71],{"class":70},[60,102058,75],{"class":74},[60,102060,189],{"class":78},[60,102062,82],{"class":74},[60,102064,800],{"class":78},[60,102066,101],{"class":74},[60,102068,102069],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,102070,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,102072,102073,102075,102077,102079,102081,102083,102085,102087,102089,102091,102093,102095],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,102074,107],{"class":66},[60,102076,71],{"class":70},[60,102078,15568],{"class":1656},[60,102080,122],{"class":74},[60,102082,260],{"class":118},[60,102084,8567],{"class":74},[60,102086,2773],{"class":118},[60,102088,122],{"class":74},[60,102090,6228],{"class":1656},[60,102092,122],{"class":74},[60,102094,270],{"class":118},[60,102096,315],{"class":74},[60,102098,102099,102101,102103,102105],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,102100,135],{"class":134},[60,102102,122],{"class":74},[60,102104,140],{"class":118},[60,102106,128],{"class":74},[20,102108,318],{},[51,102110,102111],{"className":53,"code":100270,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,102112,102113],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,102114,102115,102117,102119,102121,102123],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,102116,9213],{"class":74},[60,102118,79],{"class":78},[60,102120,82],{"class":74},[60,102122,85],{"class":78},[60,102124,9244],{"class":74},[553,102126,102128],{"id":102127},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,102130,102131],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[51,102133,102135],{"className":53,"code":102134,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102136,102137,102169,102185,102189],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,102138,102139,102141,102143,102145,102147,102149,102151,102153,102155,102157,102159,102161,102163,102165,102167],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,102140,2515],{"class":66},[60,102142,71],{"class":70},[60,102144,10426],{"class":74},[60,102146,256],{"class":255},[60,102148,959],{"class":259},[60,102150,256],{"class":255},[60,102152,82],{"class":74},[60,102154,267],{"class":255},[60,102156,968],{"class":259},[60,102158,256],{"class":255},[60,102160,82],{"class":74},[60,102162,267],{"class":255},[60,102164,985],{"class":259},[60,102166,256],{"class":255},[60,102168,9244],{"class":74},[60,102170,102171,102173,102175,102177,102179,102181,102183],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,102172,2543],{"class":66},[60,102174,71],{"class":70},[60,102176,10426],{"class":74},[60,102178,256],{"class":255},[60,102180,968],{"class":259},[60,102182,256],{"class":255},[60,102184,9244],{"class":74},[60,102186,102187],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,102188,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,102190,102191,102193,102195,102197,102199,102201,102203,102205],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,102192,135],{"class":134},[60,102194,122],{"class":74},[60,102196,260],{"class":118},[60,102198,115],{"class":74},[60,102200,2773],{"class":118},[60,102202,122],{"class":74},[60,102204,270],{"class":118},[60,102206,315],{"class":74},[20,102208,102209],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[553,102211,102213],{"id":102212},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,102215,102216],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[51,102218,102220],{"className":53,"code":102219,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102221,102222,102250,102262,102266,102276],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,102223,102224,102226,102228,102230,102232,102234,102236,102238,102240,102242,102244,102246,102248],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,102225,2515],{"class":66},[60,102227,71],{"class":70},[60,102229,10426],{"class":74},[60,102231,79],{"class":78},[60,102233,82],{"class":74},[60,102235,695],{"class":78},[60,102237,82],{"class":74},[60,102239,85],{"class":78},[60,102241,82],{"class":74},[60,102243,85],{"class":78},[60,102245,82],{"class":74},[60,102247,94],{"class":78},[60,102249,9244],{"class":74},[60,102251,102252,102254,102256,102258,102260],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,102253,2543],{"class":66},[60,102255,71],{"class":70},[60,102257,10426],{"class":74},[60,102259,189],{"class":78},[60,102261,9244],{"class":74},[60,102263,102264],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,102265,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,102267,102268,102270,102272,102274],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,102269,135],{"class":134},[60,102271,122],{"class":74},[60,102273,260],{"class":118},[60,102275,128],{"class":74},[60,102277,102278,102280,102282,102284,102286,102288,102290,102292],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,102279,135],{"class":134},[60,102281,122],{"class":74},[60,102283,260],{"class":118},[60,102285,115],{"class":74},[60,102287,2773],{"class":118},[60,102289,122],{"class":74},[60,102291,270],{"class":118},[60,102293,315],{"class":74},[20,102295,318],{},[51,102297,102299],{"className":53,"code":102298,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102300,102301,102317],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,102302,102303,102305,102307,102309,102311,102313,102315],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,102304,9213],{"class":74},[60,102306,79],{"class":78},[60,102308,82],{"class":74},[60,102310,85],{"class":78},[60,102312,82],{"class":74},[60,102314,94],{"class":78},[60,102316,9244],{"class":74},[60,102318,102319,102321,102323,102325,102327],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,102320,9213],{"class":74},[60,102322,79],{"class":78},[60,102324,82],{"class":74},[60,102326,85],{"class":78},[60,102328,9244],{"class":74},[20,102330,102331,102332,102334],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,102333,100177],{}," runs.",[553,102336,102338],{"id":102337},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,102340,102341],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[51,102343,102345],{"className":53,"code":102344,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,102346,102347,102371,102391,102395,102405,102415,102433,102455],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,102348,102349,102351,102353,102355,102357,102359,102361,102363,102365,102367,102369],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,102350,2515],{"class":66},[60,102352,71],{"class":70},[60,102354,10426],{"class":74},[60,102356,79],{"class":78},[60,102358,82],{"class":74},[60,102360,85],{"class":78},[60,102362,82],{"class":74},[60,102364,94],{"class":78},[60,102366,82],{"class":74},[60,102368,800],{"class":78},[60,102370,9244],{"class":74},[60,102372,102373,102375,102377,102379,102381,102383,102385,102387,102389],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,102374,2543],{"class":66},[60,102376,71],{"class":70},[60,102378,10426],{"class":74},[60,102380,189],{"class":78},[60,102382,82],{"class":74},[60,102384,800],{"class":78},[60,102386,82],{"class":74},[60,102388,4555],{"class":78},[60,102390,9244],{"class":74},[60,102392,102393],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,102394,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,102396,102397,102399,102401,102403],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,102398,135],{"class":134},[60,102400,122],{"class":74},[60,102402,260],{"class":118},[60,102404,128],{"class":74},[60,102406,102407,102409,102411,102413],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,102408,135],{"class":134},[60,102410,122],{"class":74},[60,102412,270],{"class":118},[60,102414,128],{"class":74},[60,102416,102417,102419,102421,102423,102425,102427,102429,102431],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,102418,135],{"class":134},[60,102420,122],{"class":74},[60,102422,260],{"class":118},[60,102424,115],{"class":74},[60,102426,2773],{"class":118},[60,102428,122],{"class":74},[60,102430,270],{"class":118},[60,102432,315],{"class":74},[60,102434,102435,102437,102439,102441,102443,102445,102447,102449,102451,102453],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,102436,135],{"class":134},[60,102438,122],{"class":74},[60,102440,1657],{"class":1656},[60,102442,122],{"class":74},[60,102444,260],{"class":118},[60,102446,115],{"class":74},[60,102448,2773],{"class":118},[60,102450,122],{"class":74},[60,102452,270],{"class":118},[60,102454,2872],{"class":74},[60,102456,102457,102459,102461,102463,102465,102467,102469,102471,102473,102475],{"class":62,"line":6367},[60,102458,135],{"class":134},[60,102460,122],{"class":74},[60,102462,11097],{"class":134},[60,102464,122],{"class":74},[60,102466,260],{"class":118},[60,102468,115],{"class":74},[60,102470,2773],{"class":118},[60,102472,122],{"class":74},[60,102474,270],{"class":118},[60,102476,2872],{"class":74},[20,102478,11106],{},[30,102480,102481,102484,102487,102490],{},[33,102482,102483],{},"what is in each set",[33,102485,102486],{},"what result Python creates",[33,102488,102489],{},"that the result is a set",[33,102491,102492],{},"how many items remain",[44848,102494],{},[46,102496,1773],{"id":1772},[553,102498,1777,102500,102502],{"id":102499},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,102501,100177],{}," change the original set?",[20,102504,102505],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[553,102507,5126,102509,544,102511,1435],{"id":102508},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,102510,100177],{},[15,102512,101088],{},[20,102514,102515,102517,102518,102520],{},[15,102516,100177],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,102519,101088],{}," modifies the original set.",[553,102522,28261,102524,102526],{"id":102523},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,102525,100177],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,102528,102529],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[553,102531,102533],{"id":102532},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,102535,102536],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[44848,102538],{},[46,102540,1842],{"id":1841},[30,102542,102543,102547,102555],{},[33,102544,102545],{},[260,102546,96091],{"href":97262},[33,102548,102549],{},[260,102550,96577,102552,1869],{"href":102551},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,102553,102554],{},"intersection()",[33,102556,102557],{},[260,102558,96577,102560,1869],{"href":102559},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,102561,102562],{},"union()",[1885,102564,102565],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":102567},[102568,102569,102571,102572,102573,102574,102576,102581,102583,102591,102600],{"id":48,"depth":104,"text":49},{"id":100299,"depth":104,"text":102570},"What difference() does",{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199},{"id":17353,"depth":104,"text":17354},{"id":11410,"depth":104,"text":11411},{"id":100918,"depth":104,"text":102575},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101083,"depth":104,"text":102577,"children":102578},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102579,102580],{"id":2773,"depth":131,"text":100177},{"id":101236,"depth":131,"text":101088},{"id":101355,"depth":104,"text":102582},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":4467,"depth":104,"text":4468,"children":102584},[102585,102586,102587,102588,102589,102590],{"id":101625,"depth":131,"text":101626},{"id":101813,"depth":131,"text":101814},{"id":101964,"depth":131,"text":101965},{"id":102127,"depth":131,"text":102128},{"id":102212,"depth":131,"text":102213},{"id":102337,"depth":131,"text":102338},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":102592},[102593,102595,102597,102599],{"id":102499,"depth":131,"text":102594},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102508,"depth":131,"text":102596},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102523,"depth":131,"text":102598},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102532,"depth":131,"text":102533},{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100169,"description":102601},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102608,"title":102609,"body":102610,"description":104305,"extension":1930,"meta":104306,"navigation":421,"path":104307,"seo":104308,"stem":104309,"__hash__":104310},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102611,"toc":104267},[102612,102618,102624,102637,102639,102740,102742,102787,102792,102797,102801,102815,102818,102826,102828,102847,102865,102869,102922,102924,102945,102952,102957,102984,102991,103090,103092,103129,103137,103141,103147,103150,103223,103225,103233,103238,103307,103309,103334,103336,103339,103442,103444,103505,103508,103512,103518,103591,103593,103626,103629,103632,103672,103678,103701,103706,103710,103721,103724,103726,103730,103736,103738,103795,103805,103807,103860,103867,103872,103940,103948,103954,103958,103960,103999,104004,104053,104057,104060,104062,104101,104104,104106,104111,104168,104170,104184,104186,104190,104196,104201,104206,104213,104224,104230,104235,104237,104264],[10,102613,95963,102615,18],{"id":102614},"python-set-discard-method",[15,102616,102617],{},"discard()",[20,102619,102620,102623],{},[15,102621,102622],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,102625,102626,102627,2154,102632,13989,102634,102636],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[260,102628,102629],{"href":97972},[15,102630,102631],{},"set.remove()",[15,102633,102617],{},[3698,102635,4581],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[46,102638,1972],{"id":1971},[51,102640,102642],{"className":53,"code":102641,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102643,102644,102676,102695,102705,102709,102730],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,102645,102646,102648,102650,102652,102654,102656,102658,102660,102662,102664,102666,102668,102670,102672,102674],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,102647,377],{"class":66},[60,102649,71],{"class":70},[60,102651,10426],{"class":74},[60,102653,256],{"class":255},[60,102655,386],{"class":259},[60,102657,256],{"class":255},[60,102659,82],{"class":74},[60,102661,267],{"class":255},[60,102663,395],{"class":259},[60,102665,256],{"class":255},[60,102667,82],{"class":74},[60,102669,267],{"class":255},[60,102671,404],{"class":259},[60,102673,256],{"class":255},[60,102675,9244],{"class":74},[60,102677,102678,102680,102682,102685,102687,102689,102691,102693],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,102679,431],{"class":66},[60,102681,115],{"class":74},[60,102683,102684],{"class":118},"discard",[60,102686,122],{"class":74},[60,102688,256],{"class":255},[60,102690,395],{"class":259},[60,102692,256],{"class":255},[60,102694,128],{"class":74},[60,102696,102697,102699,102701,102703],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,102698,135],{"class":134},[60,102700,122],{"class":74},[60,102702,431],{"class":118},[60,102704,128],{"class":74},[60,102706,102707],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,102708,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,102710,102711,102713,102715,102717,102719,102721,102723,102725,102727],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,102712,431],{"class":66},[60,102714,115],{"class":74},[60,102716,102684],{"class":118},[60,102718,122],{"class":74},[60,102720,256],{"class":255},[60,102722,495],{"class":259},[60,102724,256],{"class":255},[60,102726,143],{"class":74},[60,102728,102729],{"class":146},"  # no error if missing\n",[60,102731,102732,102734,102736,102738],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,102733,135],{"class":134},[60,102735,122],{"class":74},[60,102737,431],{"class":118},[60,102739,128],{"class":74},[20,102741,29961],{},[51,102743,102745],{"className":53,"code":102744,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,102746,102747,102767],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,102748,102749,102751,102753,102755,102757,102759,102761,102763,102765],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,102750,9213],{"class":74},[60,102752,3261],{"class":255},[60,102754,386],{"class":259},[60,102756,3261],{"class":255},[60,102758,82],{"class":74},[60,102760,3256],{"class":255},[60,102762,404],{"class":259},[60,102764,3261],{"class":255},[60,102766,9244],{"class":74},[60,102768,102769,102771,102773,102775,102777,102779,102781,102783,102785],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,102770,9213],{"class":74},[60,102772,3261],{"class":255},[60,102774,386],{"class":259},[60,102776,3261],{"class":255},[60,102778,82],{"class":74},[60,102780,3256],{"class":255},[60,102782,404],{"class":259},[60,102784,3261],{"class":255},[60,102786,9244],{"class":74},[20,102788,150,102789,102791],{},[15,102790,102617],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[46,102793,158,102795,161],{"id":102794},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,102796,102622],{},[20,102798,102799,166],{},[15,102800,102617],{},[30,102802,102803,102806,102809,102811],{},[33,102804,102805],{},"Removes one item from a set",[33,102807,102808],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[33,102810,96078],{},[33,102812,11359,102813],{},[15,102814,3734],{},[20,102816,102817],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,102819,96087,102820,1460,102823,115],{},[260,102821,102822],{"href":98554},"what a set is in Python",[260,102824,102825],{"href":97646},"how to create a set",[46,102827,199],{"id":198},[51,102829,102831],{"className":53,"code":102830,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,102832,102833],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,102834,102835,102837,102839,102841,102843,102845],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,102836,15601],{"class":66},[60,102838,115],{"class":74},[60,102840,102684],{"class":118},[60,102842,122],{"class":74},[60,102844,221],{"class":118},[60,102846,128],{"class":74},[30,102848,102849,102854,102859,102862],{},[33,102850,102851,102853],{},[15,102852,15601],{}," is the set you want to change",[33,102855,102856,102858],{},[15,102857,221],{}," is the item you want to remove",[33,102860,102861],{},"The set must already exist",[33,102863,102864],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[553,102866,102868],{"id":102867},"example","Example",[51,102870,102872],{"className":53,"code":102871,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,102873,102874,102898,102912],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,102875,102876,102878,102880,102882,102884,102886,102888,102890,102892,102894,102896],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,102877,67],{"class":66},[60,102879,71],{"class":70},[60,102881,10426],{"class":74},[60,102883,79],{"class":78},[60,102885,82],{"class":74},[60,102887,85],{"class":78},[60,102889,82],{"class":74},[60,102891,94],{"class":78},[60,102893,82],{"class":74},[60,102895,800],{"class":78},[60,102897,9244],{"class":74},[60,102899,102900,102902,102904,102906,102908,102910],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,102901,1506],{"class":66},[60,102903,115],{"class":74},[60,102905,102684],{"class":118},[60,102907,122],{"class":74},[60,102909,189],{"class":78},[60,102911,128],{"class":74},[60,102913,102914,102916,102918,102920],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,102915,135],{"class":134},[60,102917,122],{"class":74},[60,102919,1506],{"class":118},[60,102921,128],{"class":74},[20,102923,318],{},[51,102925,102927],{"className":53,"code":102926,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,102928,102929],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,102930,102931,102933,102935,102937,102939,102941,102943],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,102932,9213],{"class":74},[60,102934,79],{"class":78},[60,102936,82],{"class":74},[60,102938,85],{"class":78},[60,102940,82],{"class":74},[60,102942,800],{"class":78},[60,102944,9244],{"class":74},[46,102946,102948,102949,102951],{"id":102947},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,102950,102617],{}," different",[20,102953,102954,102956],{},[15,102955,102617],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[30,102958,102959,102972,102981],{},[33,102960,102961,102962,2154,102966,102968,102969,102971],{},"Unlike ",[260,102963,102964],{"href":97972},[15,102965,55451],{},[15,102967,102617],{}," does not raise ",[15,102970,19621],{}," when the item is missing",[33,102973,102961,102974,2154,102978,102980],{},[260,102975,102976],{"href":97977},[15,102977,12699],{},[15,102979,102617],{}," removes a specific item",[33,102982,102983],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[553,102985,102987,10521,102989],{"id":102986},"discard-vs-remove",[15,102988,102617],{},[15,102990,55451],{},[51,102992,102994],{"className":53,"code":102993,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,102995,102996,103020,103024,103045,103055,103059,103080],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,102997,102998,103000,103002,103004,103006,103008,103010,103012,103014,103016,103018],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,102999,777],{"class":66},[60,103001,71],{"class":70},[60,103003,10426],{"class":74},[60,103005,256],{"class":255},[60,103007,575],{"class":259},[60,103009,256],{"class":255},[60,103011,82],{"class":74},[60,103013,267],{"class":255},[60,103015,1392],{"class":259},[60,103017,256],{"class":255},[60,103019,9244],{"class":74},[60,103021,103022],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,103023,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,103025,103026,103028,103030,103032,103034,103036,103038,103040,103042],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,103027,828],{"class":66},[60,103029,115],{"class":74},[60,103031,102684],{"class":118},[60,103033,122],{"class":74},[60,103035,256],{"class":255},[60,103037,33154],{"class":259},[60,103039,256],{"class":255},[60,103041,143],{"class":74},[60,103043,103044],{"class":146},"   # no error\n",[60,103046,103047,103049,103051,103053],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,103048,135],{"class":134},[60,103050,122],{"class":74},[60,103052,828],{"class":118},[60,103054,128],{"class":74},[60,103056,103057],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,103058,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,103060,103061,103063,103065,103067,103069,103071,103073,103075,103077],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,103062,828],{"class":66},[60,103064,115],{"class":74},[60,103066,34728],{"class":118},[60,103068,122],{"class":74},[60,103070,256],{"class":255},[60,103072,1392],{"class":259},[60,103074,256],{"class":255},[60,103076,143],{"class":74},[60,103078,103079],{"class":146},"    # removes existing item\n",[60,103081,103082,103084,103086,103088],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,103083,135],{"class":134},[60,103085,122],{"class":74},[60,103087,828],{"class":118},[60,103089,128],{"class":74},[20,103091,318],{},[51,103093,103095],{"className":53,"code":103094,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,103096,103097,103117],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,103098,103099,103101,103103,103105,103107,103109,103111,103113,103115],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,103100,9213],{"class":74},[60,103102,3261],{"class":255},[60,103104,575],{"class":259},[60,103106,3261],{"class":255},[60,103108,82],{"class":74},[60,103110,3256],{"class":255},[60,103112,1392],{"class":259},[60,103114,3261],{"class":255},[60,103116,9244],{"class":74},[60,103118,103119,103121,103123,103125,103127],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,103120,9213],{"class":74},[60,103122,3261],{"class":255},[60,103124,575],{"class":259},[60,103126,3261],{"class":255},[60,103128,9244],{"class":74},[20,103130,40277,103131,103133,103134,103136],{},[15,103132,55451],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[260,103135,11011],{"href":11010}," for more help with that case.",[46,103138,103140],{"id":103139},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,103142,103143,2361,103145,115],{},[15,103144,102617],{},[15,103146,3734],{},[20,103148,103149],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[51,103151,103153],{"className":53,"code":103152,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,103154,103155,103187,103209,103213],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,103156,103157,103159,103161,103163,103165,103167,103169,103171,103173,103175,103177,103179,103181,103183,103185],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,103158,377],{"class":66},[60,103160,71],{"class":70},[60,103162,10426],{"class":74},[60,103164,256],{"class":255},[60,103166,386],{"class":259},[60,103168,256],{"class":255},[60,103170,82],{"class":74},[60,103172,267],{"class":255},[60,103174,395],{"class":259},[60,103176,256],{"class":255},[60,103178,82],{"class":74},[60,103180,267],{"class":255},[60,103182,404],{"class":259},[60,103184,256],{"class":255},[60,103186,9244],{"class":74},[60,103188,103189,103191,103193,103195,103197,103199,103201,103203,103205,103207],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,103190,107],{"class":66},[60,103192,71],{"class":70},[60,103194,13058],{"class":66},[60,103196,115],{"class":74},[60,103198,102684],{"class":118},[60,103200,122],{"class":74},[60,103202,256],{"class":255},[60,103204,395],{"class":259},[60,103206,256],{"class":255},[60,103208,128],{"class":74},[60,103210,103211],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,103212,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,103214,103215,103217,103219,103221],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,103216,135],{"class":134},[60,103218,122],{"class":74},[60,103220,140],{"class":118},[60,103222,128],{"class":74},[20,103224,318],{},[51,103226,103227],{"className":53,"code":11745,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,103228,103229],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,103230,103231],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,103232,11745],{"class":685},[20,103234,103235,103236,166],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,103237,431],{},[51,103239,103241],{"className":53,"code":103240,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103242,103243,103275,103293,103297],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,103244,103245,103247,103249,103251,103253,103255,103257,103259,103261,103263,103265,103267,103269,103271,103273],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,103246,377],{"class":66},[60,103248,71],{"class":70},[60,103250,10426],{"class":74},[60,103252,256],{"class":255},[60,103254,386],{"class":259},[60,103256,256],{"class":255},[60,103258,82],{"class":74},[60,103260,267],{"class":255},[60,103262,395],{"class":259},[60,103264,256],{"class":255},[60,103266,82],{"class":74},[60,103268,267],{"class":255},[60,103270,404],{"class":259},[60,103272,256],{"class":255},[60,103274,9244],{"class":74},[60,103276,103277,103279,103281,103283,103285,103287,103289,103291],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,103278,431],{"class":66},[60,103280,115],{"class":74},[60,103282,102684],{"class":118},[60,103284,122],{"class":74},[60,103286,256],{"class":255},[60,103288,395],{"class":259},[60,103290,256],{"class":255},[60,103292,128],{"class":74},[60,103294,103295],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,103296,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,103298,103299,103301,103303,103305],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,103300,135],{"class":134},[60,103302,122],{"class":74},[60,103304,431],{"class":118},[60,103306,128],{"class":74},[20,103308,318],{},[51,103310,103312],{"className":53,"code":103311,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103313,103314],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,103315,103316,103318,103320,103322,103324,103326,103328,103330,103332],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,103317,9213],{"class":74},[60,103319,3261],{"class":255},[60,103321,386],{"class":259},[60,103323,3261],{"class":255},[60,103325,82],{"class":74},[60,103327,3256],{"class":255},[60,103329,404],{"class":259},[60,103331,3261],{"class":255},[60,103333,9244],{"class":74},[46,103335,11411],{"id":11410},[20,103337,103338],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[51,103340,103342],{"className":53,"code":103341,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,103343,103344,103376,103380,103398,103402,103420,103424],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,103345,103346,103348,103350,103352,103354,103356,103358,103360,103362,103364,103366,103368,103370,103372,103374],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,103347,36173],{"class":66},[60,103349,71],{"class":70},[60,103351,10426],{"class":74},[60,103353,256],{"class":255},[60,103355,575],{"class":259},[60,103357,256],{"class":255},[60,103359,82],{"class":74},[60,103361,267],{"class":255},[60,103363,1392],{"class":259},[60,103365,256],{"class":255},[60,103367,82],{"class":74},[60,103369,267],{"class":255},[60,103371,33154],{"class":259},[60,103373,256],{"class":255},[60,103375,9244],{"class":74},[60,103377,103378],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,103379,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,103381,103382,103384,103386,103388,103390,103392,103394,103396],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,103383,135],{"class":134},[60,103385,122],{"class":74},[60,103387,256],{"class":255},[60,103389,11500],{"class":259},[60,103391,256],{"class":255},[60,103393,82],{"class":74},[60,103395,52777],{"class":118},[60,103397,128],{"class":74},[60,103399,103400],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,103401,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,103403,103404,103406,103408,103410,103412,103414,103416,103418],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,103405,36225],{"class":66},[60,103407,115],{"class":74},[60,103409,102684],{"class":118},[60,103411,122],{"class":74},[60,103413,256],{"class":255},[60,103415,1392],{"class":259},[60,103417,256],{"class":255},[60,103419,128],{"class":74},[60,103421,103422],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,103423,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,103425,103426,103428,103430,103432,103434,103436,103438,103440],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,103427,135],{"class":134},[60,103429,122],{"class":74},[60,103431,256],{"class":255},[60,103433,11540],{"class":259},[60,103435,256],{"class":255},[60,103437,82],{"class":74},[60,103439,52777],{"class":118},[60,103441,128],{"class":74},[20,103443,318],{},[51,103445,103447],{"className":53,"code":103446,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103448,103449,103481],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,103450,103451,103453,103455,103457,103459,103461,103463,103465,103467,103469,103471,103473,103475,103477,103479],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,103452,11560],{"class":66},[60,103454,166],{"class":74},[60,103456,10426],{"class":74},[60,103458,3261],{"class":255},[60,103460,1392],{"class":259},[60,103462,3261],{"class":255},[60,103464,82],{"class":74},[60,103466,3256],{"class":255},[60,103468,575],{"class":259},[60,103470,3261],{"class":255},[60,103472,82],{"class":74},[60,103474,3256],{"class":255},[60,103476,33154],{"class":259},[60,103478,3261],{"class":255},[60,103480,9244],{"class":74},[60,103482,103483,103485,103487,103489,103491,103493,103495,103497,103499,103501,103503],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,103484,11613],{"class":66},[60,103486,166],{"class":74},[60,103488,10426],{"class":74},[60,103490,3261],{"class":255},[60,103492,575],{"class":259},[60,103494,3261],{"class":255},[60,103496,82],{"class":74},[60,103498,3256],{"class":255},[60,103500,33154],{"class":259},[60,103502,3261],{"class":255},[60,103504,9244],{"class":74},[20,103506,103507],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[46,103509,103511],{"id":103510},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,103513,103514,103515,103517],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,103516,102617],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[51,103519,103521],{"className":53,"code":103520,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,103522,103523,103555,103559,103577,103581],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,103524,103525,103527,103529,103531,103533,103535,103537,103539,103541,103543,103545,103547,103549,103551,103553],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,103526,36173],{"class":66},[60,103528,71],{"class":70},[60,103530,10426],{"class":74},[60,103532,256],{"class":255},[60,103534,575],{"class":259},[60,103536,256],{"class":255},[60,103538,82],{"class":74},[60,103540,267],{"class":255},[60,103542,1392],{"class":259},[60,103544,256],{"class":255},[60,103546,82],{"class":74},[60,103548,267],{"class":255},[60,103550,33154],{"class":259},[60,103552,256],{"class":255},[60,103554,9244],{"class":74},[60,103556,103557],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,103558,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,103560,103561,103563,103565,103567,103569,103571,103573,103575],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,103562,36225],{"class":66},[60,103564,115],{"class":74},[60,103566,102684],{"class":118},[60,103568,122],{"class":74},[60,103570,256],{"class":255},[60,103572,22465],{"class":259},[60,103574,256],{"class":255},[60,103576,128],{"class":74},[60,103578,103579],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,103580,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,103582,103583,103585,103587,103589],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,103584,135],{"class":134},[60,103586,122],{"class":74},[60,103588,36225],{"class":118},[60,103590,128],{"class":74},[20,103592,318],{},[51,103594,103596],{"className":53,"code":103595,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103597,103598],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,103599,103600,103602,103604,103606,103608,103610,103612,103614,103616,103618,103620,103622,103624],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,103601,9213],{"class":74},[60,103603,3261],{"class":255},[60,103605,1392],{"class":259},[60,103607,3261],{"class":255},[60,103609,82],{"class":74},[60,103611,3256],{"class":255},[60,103613,575],{"class":259},[60,103615,3261],{"class":255},[60,103617,82],{"class":74},[60,103619,3256],{"class":255},[60,103621,33154],{"class":259},[60,103623,3261],{"class":255},[60,103625,9244],{"class":74},[20,103627,103628],{},"No error happens here.",[20,103630,103631],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[51,103633,103635],{"className":53,"code":103634,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,103636,103637,103653],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,103638,103639,103641,103643,103645,103647,103649,103651],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,103640,6939],{"class":1537},[60,103642,267],{"class":255},[60,103644,22465],{"class":259},[60,103646,256],{"class":255},[60,103648,1538],{"class":70},[60,103650,52777],{"class":66},[60,103652,1712],{"class":74},[60,103654,103655,103658,103660,103662,103664,103666,103668,103670],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,103656,103657],{"class":66},"    fruits",[60,103659,115],{"class":74},[60,103661,34728],{"class":118},[60,103663,122],{"class":74},[60,103665,256],{"class":255},[60,103667,22465],{"class":259},[60,103669,256],{"class":255},[60,103671,128],{"class":74},[20,103673,103674,103675,103677],{},"With ",[15,103676,102617],{},", you can simply write:",[51,103679,103681],{"className":53,"code":103680,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,103682,103683],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,103684,103685,103687,103689,103691,103693,103695,103697,103699],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,103686,36225],{"class":66},[60,103688,115],{"class":74},[60,103690,102684],{"class":118},[60,103692,122],{"class":74},[60,103694,256],{"class":255},[60,103696,22465],{"class":259},[60,103698,256],{"class":255},[60,103700,128],{"class":74},[46,103702,1221,103704],{"id":103703},"when-to-use-discard",[15,103705,102617],{},[20,103707,150,103708,10537],{},[15,103709,102617],{},[30,103711,103712,103715,103718],{},[33,103713,103714],{},"Missing values are normal",[33,103716,103717],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[33,103719,103720],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,103722,103723],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[46,103725,1351],{"id":1350},[20,103727,1354,103728,115],{},[15,103729,102617],{},[553,103731,1454,103733,103735],{"id":103732},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,103734,102617],{}," to return the changed set",[20,103737,4475],{},[51,103739,103741],{"className":53,"code":103740,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103742,103743,103763,103781,103785],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,103744,103745,103747,103749,103751,103753,103755,103757,103759,103761],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,103746,67],{"class":66},[60,103748,71],{"class":70},[60,103750,10426],{"class":74},[60,103752,79],{"class":78},[60,103754,82],{"class":74},[60,103756,85],{"class":78},[60,103758,82],{"class":74},[60,103760,94],{"class":78},[60,103762,9244],{"class":74},[60,103764,103765,103767,103769,103771,103773,103775,103777,103779],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,103766,67],{"class":66},[60,103768,71],{"class":70},[60,103770,112],{"class":66},[60,103772,115],{"class":74},[60,103774,102684],{"class":118},[60,103776,122],{"class":74},[60,103778,125],{"class":78},[60,103780,128],{"class":74},[60,103782,103783],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,103784,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,103786,103787,103789,103791,103793],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,103788,135],{"class":134},[60,103790,122],{"class":74},[60,103792,1506],{"class":118},[60,103794,128],{"class":74},[20,103796,103797,42087,103799,8537,103801,2361,103803,115],{},[15,103798,1506],{},[15,103800,3734],{},[15,103802,102617],{},[15,103804,3734],{},[20,103806,18774],{},[51,103808,103810],{"className":53,"code":103809,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103811,103812,103832,103846,103850],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,103813,103814,103816,103818,103820,103822,103824,103826,103828,103830],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,103815,67],{"class":66},[60,103817,71],{"class":70},[60,103819,10426],{"class":74},[60,103821,79],{"class":78},[60,103823,82],{"class":74},[60,103825,85],{"class":78},[60,103827,82],{"class":74},[60,103829,94],{"class":78},[60,103831,9244],{"class":74},[60,103833,103834,103836,103838,103840,103842,103844],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,103835,1506],{"class":66},[60,103837,115],{"class":74},[60,103839,102684],{"class":118},[60,103841,122],{"class":74},[60,103843,125],{"class":78},[60,103845,128],{"class":74},[60,103847,103848],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,103849,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,103851,103852,103854,103856,103858],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,103853,135],{"class":134},[60,103855,122],{"class":74},[60,103857,1506],{"class":118},[60,103859,128],{"class":74},[553,103861,37138,103863,8640,103865],{"id":103862},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,103864,102617],{},[15,103866,55451],{},[20,103868,103869,103870,115],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,103871,102617],{},[51,103873,103875],{"className":53,"code":103874,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,103876,103877,103909,103930],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,103878,103879,103881,103883,103885,103887,103889,103891,103893,103895,103897,103899,103901,103903,103905,103907],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,103880,248],{"class":66},[60,103882,71],{"class":70},[60,103884,10426],{"class":74},[60,103886,256],{"class":255},[60,103888,260],{"class":259},[60,103890,256],{"class":255},[60,103892,82],{"class":74},[60,103894,267],{"class":255},[60,103896,270],{"class":259},[60,103898,256],{"class":255},[60,103900,82],{"class":74},[60,103902,267],{"class":255},[60,103904,287],{"class":259},[60,103906,256],{"class":255},[60,103908,9244],{"class":74},[60,103910,103911,103913,103915,103917,103919,103921,103923,103925,103927],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,103912,300],{"class":66},[60,103914,115],{"class":74},[60,103916,102684],{"class":118},[60,103918,122],{"class":74},[60,103920,256],{"class":255},[60,103922,22010],{"class":259},[60,103924,256],{"class":255},[60,103926,143],{"class":74},[60,103928,103929],{"class":146},"   # safe\n",[60,103931,103932,103934,103936,103938],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,103933,135],{"class":134},[60,103935,122],{"class":74},[60,103937,300],{"class":118},[60,103939,128],{"class":74},[20,103941,103942,103943,45840,103946,115],{},"If you use ",[15,103944,103945],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,103947,19621],{},[553,103949,25549,103951,103953],{"id":103950},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,103952,102617],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,103955,103956,101970],{},[15,103957,102617],{},[20,103959,16579],{},[51,103961,103963],{"className":53,"code":103962,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,103964,103965,103985],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,103966,103967,103969,103971,103973,103975,103977,103979,103981,103983],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,103968,777],{"class":66},[60,103970,71],{"class":70},[60,103972,75],{"class":74},[60,103974,79],{"class":78},[60,103976,82],{"class":74},[60,103978,85],{"class":78},[60,103980,82],{"class":74},[60,103982,94],{"class":78},[60,103984,101],{"class":74},[60,103986,103987,103989,103991,103993,103995,103997],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,103988,828],{"class":66},[60,103990,115],{"class":74},[60,103992,102684],{"class":118},[60,103994,122],{"class":74},[60,103996,125],{"class":78},[60,103998,128],{"class":74},[20,104000,104001,104002,166],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,104003,102617],{},[51,104005,104007],{"className":53,"code":104006,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,104008,104009,104029,104043],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,104010,104011,104013,104015,104017,104019,104021,104023,104025,104027],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,104012,777],{"class":66},[60,104014,71],{"class":70},[60,104016,10426],{"class":74},[60,104018,79],{"class":78},[60,104020,82],{"class":74},[60,104022,85],{"class":78},[60,104024,82],{"class":74},[60,104026,94],{"class":78},[60,104028,9244],{"class":74},[60,104030,104031,104033,104035,104037,104039,104041],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,104032,828],{"class":66},[60,104034,115],{"class":74},[60,104036,102684],{"class":118},[60,104038,122],{"class":74},[60,104040,125],{"class":78},[60,104042,128],{"class":74},[60,104044,104045,104047,104049,104051],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,104046,135],{"class":134},[60,104048,122],{"class":74},[60,104050,828],{"class":118},[60,104052,128],{"class":74},[553,104054,104056],{"id":104055},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,104058,104059],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,104061,2797],{},[51,104063,104065],{"className":53,"code":104064,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,104066,104067,104087],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,104068,104069,104071,104073,104075,104077,104079,104081,104083,104085],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,104070,1127],{"class":66},[60,104072,71],{"class":70},[60,104074,10426],{"class":74},[60,104076,79],{"class":78},[60,104078,82],{"class":74},[60,104080,85],{"class":78},[60,104082,82],{"class":74},[60,104084,94],{"class":78},[60,104086,9244],{"class":74},[60,104088,104089,104091,104093,104095,104097,104099],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,104090,9139],{"class":66},[60,104092,115],{"class":74},[60,104094,102684],{"class":118},[60,104096,835],{"class":74},[60,104098,125],{"class":78},[60,104100,1193],{"class":74},[20,104102,104103],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[46,104105,8807],{"id":8806},[20,104107,8810,104108,104110],{},[15,104109,102617],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[51,104112,104114],{"className":53,"code":104113,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,104115,104116,104126,104140,104154],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,104117,104118,104120,104122,104124],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,104119,135],{"class":134},[60,104121,122],{"class":74},[60,104123,15601],{"class":118},[60,104125,128],{"class":74},[60,104127,104128,104130,104132,104134,104136,104138],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,104129,135],{"class":134},[60,104131,122],{"class":74},[60,104133,1657],{"class":1656},[60,104135,122],{"class":74},[60,104137,15601],{"class":118},[60,104139,315],{"class":74},[60,104141,104142,104144,104146,104148,104150,104152],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,104143,135],{"class":134},[60,104145,122],{"class":74},[60,104147,1690],{"class":118},[60,104149,511],{"class":1537},[60,104151,96687],{"class":118},[60,104153,128],{"class":74},[60,104155,104156,104158,104160,104162,104164,104166],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,104157,32085],{"class":134},[60,104159,122],{"class":74},[60,104161,6228],{"class":1656},[60,104163,115],{"class":74},[60,104165,102684],{"class":24682},[60,104167,128],{"class":74},[20,104169,11106],{},[30,104171,104172,104175,104178,104181],{},[33,104173,104174],{},"What is currently in the set",[33,104176,104177],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[33,104179,104180],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[33,104182,104183],{},"How Python documents the method",[46,104185,1773],{"id":1772},[553,104187,104189],{"id":104188},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,104191,104192,104193,104195],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,104194,102617],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[553,104197,5090,104199,12652],{"id":104198},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,104200,102622],{},[20,104202,5096,104203,104205],{},[15,104204,3734],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[553,104207,5126,104209,544,104211,1435],{"id":104208},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,104210,102617],{},[15,104212,55451],{},[20,104214,104215,104216,26471,104218,104220,104221,104223],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,104217,55451],{},[15,104219,19621],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,104222,102617],{}," does not.",[553,104225,28261,104227,104229],{"id":104226},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,104228,102617],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,104231,46297,104232,104234],{},[15,104233,102617],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[46,104236,1842],{"id":1841},[30,104238,104239,104245,104251,104256,104260],{},[33,104240,104241],{},[260,104242,96577,104243,1869],{"href":97972},[15,104244,55451],{},[33,104246,104247],{},[260,104248,96577,104249,1869],{"href":97977},[15,104250,12699],{},[33,104252,104253],{},[260,104254,104255],{"href":97646},"Python set: creating a set",[33,104257,104258],{},[260,104259,100112],{"href":98554},[33,104261,104262],{},[260,104263,11198],{"href":11010},[1885,104265,104266],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":104268},[104269,104270,104272,104275,104280,104281,104282,104283,104285,104294,104295,104304],{"id":1971,"depth":104,"text":1972},{"id":102794,"depth":104,"text":104271},"What set.discard() does",{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199,"children":104273},[104274],{"id":102867,"depth":131,"text":102868},{"id":102947,"depth":104,"text":104276,"children":104277},"What makes discard() different",[104278],{"id":102986,"depth":131,"text":104279},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103139,"depth":104,"text":103140},{"id":11410,"depth":104,"text":11411},{"id":103510,"depth":104,"text":103511},{"id":103703,"depth":104,"text":104284},"When to use discard()",{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351,"children":104286},[104287,104289,104291,104293],{"id":103732,"depth":131,"text":104288},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":103862,"depth":131,"text":104290},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":103950,"depth":131,"text":104292},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104055,"depth":131,"text":104056},{"id":8806,"depth":104,"text":8807},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":104296},[104297,104298,104300,104302],{"id":104188,"depth":131,"text":104189},{"id":104198,"depth":131,"text":104299},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104208,"depth":131,"text":104301},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104226,"depth":131,"text":104303},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102609,"description":104305},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104312,"title":104313,"body":104314,"description":106320,"extension":1930,"meta":106321,"navigation":421,"path":106322,"seo":106323,"stem":106324,"__hash__":106325},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104315,"toc":106278},[104316,104319,104327,104332,104343,104345,104400,104404,104424,104429,104433,104438,104440,104454,104456,104531,104533,104566,104571,104576,104578,104580,104595,104598,104606,104611,104626,104628,104717,104719,104808,104814,104818,104820,104858,104860,104884,104887,104902,104904,104959,104961,104994,104996,105001,105005,105009,105014,105079,105081,105101,105107,105111,105168,105170,105191,105195,105200,105245,105247,105280,105283,105287,105320,105322,105351,105355,105359,105362,105364,105383,105385,105431,105436,105450,105452,105483,105488,105491,105535,105537,105565,105569,105573,105589,105592,105657,105659,105671,105674,105678,105681,105686,105714,105716,105734,105740,105779,105781,105799,105805,105834,105836,105854,105857,105874,105876,105881,105885,105888,105914,105921,105926,105941,105950,105954,105957,105988,105994,105997,106006,106009,106011,106013,106071,106074,106099,106101,106105,106108,106112,106120,106124,106127,106131,106134,106136,106159,106161,106202,106209,106217,106220,106251,106253,106275],[10,104317,104313],{"id":104318},"python-set-function-explained",[20,104320,9058,104321,104323,104324,115],{},[15,104322,3753],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[3698,104325,104326],{},"unique values only",[20,104328,35340,104329,104331],{},[15,104330,3753],{}," to:",[30,104333,104334,104337,104340],{},[33,104335,104336],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[33,104338,104339],{},"check whether a value exists",[33,104341,104342],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[46,104344,1972],{"id":1971},[51,104346,104348],{"className":53,"code":104347,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,104349,104350,104374,104389],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,104351,104352,104354,104356,104358,104360,104362,104364,104366,104368,104370,104372],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,104353,67],{"class":66},[60,104355,71],{"class":70},[60,104357,75],{"class":74},[60,104359,79],{"class":78},[60,104361,82],{"class":74},[60,104363,85],{"class":78},[60,104365,82],{"class":74},[60,104367,85],{"class":78},[60,104369,82],{"class":74},[60,104371,94],{"class":78},[60,104373,101],{"class":74},[60,104375,104376,104379,104381,104383,104385,104387],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,104377,104378],{"class":66},"unique_numbers ",[60,104380,71],{"class":70},[60,104382,15568],{"class":1656},[60,104384,122],{"class":74},[60,104386,1506],{"class":118},[60,104388,128],{"class":74},[60,104390,104391,104393,104395,104398],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,104392,135],{"class":134},[60,104394,122],{"class":74},[60,104396,104397],{"class":118},"unique_numbers",[60,104399,128],{"class":74},[20,104401,104402],{},[3698,104403,318],{},[51,104405,104406],{"className":53,"code":96370,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,104407,104408],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,104409,104410,104412,104414,104416,104418,104420,104422],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,104411,9213],{"class":74},[60,104413,79],{"class":78},[60,104415,82],{"class":74},[60,104417,85],{"class":78},[60,104419,82],{"class":74},[60,104421,94],{"class":78},[60,104423,9244],{"class":74},[20,104425,150,104426,104428],{},[15,104427,3753],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[46,104430,104432],{"id":104431},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,104434,104435,104437],{},[15,104436,3753],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,104439,30472],{},[30,104441,104442,104445,104448,104451],{},[33,104443,104444],{},"A set stores unique items only",[33,104446,104447],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[33,104449,104450],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[33,104452,104453],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,104455,238],{},[51,104457,104459],{"className":53,"code":104458,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,104460,104461,104501,104516,104520],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,104462,104463,104465,104467,104469,104471,104473,104475,104477,104479,104481,104483,104485,104487,104489,104491,104493,104495,104497,104499],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,104464,377],{"class":66},[60,104466,71],{"class":70},[60,104468,75],{"class":74},[60,104470,256],{"class":255},[60,104472,386],{"class":259},[60,104474,256],{"class":255},[60,104476,82],{"class":74},[60,104478,267],{"class":255},[60,104480,395],{"class":259},[60,104482,256],{"class":255},[60,104484,82],{"class":74},[60,104486,267],{"class":255},[60,104488,386],{"class":259},[60,104490,256],{"class":255},[60,104492,82],{"class":74},[60,104494,267],{"class":255},[60,104496,404],{"class":259},[60,104498,256],{"class":255},[60,104500,101],{"class":74},[60,104502,104503,104506,104508,104510,104512,104514],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,104504,104505],{"class":66},"unique_colors ",[60,104507,71],{"class":70},[60,104509,15568],{"class":1656},[60,104511,122],{"class":74},[60,104513,431],{"class":118},[60,104515,128],{"class":74},[60,104517,104518],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,104519,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,104521,104522,104524,104526,104529],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,104523,135],{"class":134},[60,104525,122],{"class":74},[60,104527,104528],{"class":118},"unique_colors",[60,104530,128],{"class":74},[20,104532,29961],{},[51,104534,104536],{"className":53,"code":104535,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,104537,104538],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,104539,104540,104542,104544,104546,104548,104550,104552,104554,104556,104558,104560,104562,104564],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,104541,9213],{"class":74},[60,104543,3261],{"class":255},[60,104545,395],{"class":259},[60,104547,3261],{"class":255},[60,104549,82],{"class":74},[60,104551,3256],{"class":255},[60,104553,404],{"class":259},[60,104555,3261],{"class":255},[60,104557,82],{"class":74},[60,104559,3256],{"class":255},[60,104561,386],{"class":259},[60,104563,3261],{"class":255},[60,104565,9244],{"class":74},[20,104567,2250,104568,104570],{},[15,104569,65152],{}," appears only once.",[20,104572,104573,104574,115],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[260,104575,96091],{"href":96090},[46,104577,199],{"id":198},[20,104579,202],{},[51,104581,104583],{"className":53,"code":104582,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"set(iterable)\n",[15,104584,104585],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,104586,104587,104589,104591,104593],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,104588,6228],{"class":1656},[60,104590,122],{"class":74},[60,104592,3675],{"class":118},[60,104594,128],{"class":74},[20,104596,104597],{},"The argument is optional.",[30,104599,104600,104603],{},[33,104601,104602],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[33,104604,104605],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,104607,104608,104609,166],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,104610,3753],{},[30,104612,104613,104615,104617,104619,104623],{},[33,104614,8033],{},[33,104616,48884],{},[33,104618,60933],{},[33,104620,104621],{},[15,104622,36132],{},[33,104624,104625],{},"another set",[20,104627,2093],{},[51,104629,104631],{"className":53,"code":104630,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,104632,104633,104659,104681,104699],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,104634,104635,104637,104639,104641,104643,104645,104647,104649,104651,104653,104655,104657],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,104636,135],{"class":134},[60,104638,122],{"class":74},[60,104640,6228],{"class":1656},[60,104642,835],{"class":74},[60,104644,79],{"class":78},[60,104646,82],{"class":74},[60,104648,85],{"class":78},[60,104650,82],{"class":74},[60,104652,85],{"class":78},[60,104654,82],{"class":74},[60,104656,94],{"class":78},[60,104658,2958],{"class":74},[60,104660,104661,104663,104665,104667,104669,104671,104673,104675,104677,104679],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,104662,135],{"class":134},[60,104664,122],{"class":74},[60,104666,6228],{"class":1656},[60,104668,5456],{"class":74},[60,104670,873],{"class":78},[60,104672,82],{"class":74},[60,104674,878],{"class":78},[60,104676,82],{"class":74},[60,104678,883],{"class":78},[60,104680,2872],{"class":74},[60,104682,104683,104685,104687,104689,104691,104693,104695,104697],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,104684,135],{"class":134},[60,104686,122],{"class":74},[60,104688,6228],{"class":1656},[60,104690,122],{"class":74},[60,104692,256],{"class":255},[60,104694,3801],{"class":259},[60,104696,256],{"class":255},[60,104698,315],{"class":74},[60,104700,104701,104703,104705,104707,104709,104711,104713,104715],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,104702,135],{"class":134},[60,104704,122],{"class":74},[60,104706,6228],{"class":1656},[60,104708,122],{"class":74},[60,104710,59757],{"class":134},[60,104712,122],{"class":74},[60,104714,2465],{"class":78},[60,104716,2872],{"class":74},[20,104718,29961],{},[51,104720,104722],{"className":53,"code":104721,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,104723,104724,104740,104752,104788],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,104725,104726,104728,104730,104732,104734,104736,104738],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,104727,9213],{"class":74},[60,104729,79],{"class":78},[60,104731,82],{"class":74},[60,104733,85],{"class":78},[60,104735,82],{"class":74},[60,104737,94],{"class":78},[60,104739,9244],{"class":74},[60,104741,104742,104744,104746,104748,104750],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,104743,9213],{"class":74},[60,104745,873],{"class":78},[60,104747,82],{"class":74},[60,104749,878],{"class":78},[60,104751,9244],{"class":74},[60,104753,104754,104756,104758,104760,104762,104764,104766,104768,104770,104772,104774,104776,104778,104780,104782,104784,104786],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,104755,9213],{"class":74},[60,104757,3261],{"class":255},[60,104759,60197],{"class":259},[60,104761,3261],{"class":255},[60,104763,82],{"class":74},[60,104765,3256],{"class":255},[60,104767,60206],{"class":259},[60,104769,3261],{"class":255},[60,104771,82],{"class":74},[60,104773,3256],{"class":255},[60,104775,60215],{"class":259},[60,104777,3261],{"class":255},[60,104779,82],{"class":74},[60,104781,3256],{"class":255},[60,104783,60232],{"class":259},[60,104785,3261],{"class":255},[60,104787,9244],{"class":74},[60,104789,104790,104792,104794,104796,104798,104800,104802,104804,104806],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,104791,9213],{"class":74},[60,104793,195],{"class":78},[60,104795,82],{"class":74},[60,104797,695],{"class":78},[60,104799,82],{"class":74},[60,104801,85],{"class":78},[60,104803,82],{"class":74},[60,104805,94],{"class":78},[60,104807,9244],{"class":74},[20,104809,104810,104811,115],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[260,104812,104813],{"href":64607},"Python list() function explained",[46,104815,104817],{"id":104816},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,104819,98043],{},[51,104821,104822],{"className":53,"code":99008,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,104823,104824,104834,104844],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,104825,104826,104828,104830,104832],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,104827,98053],{"class":66},[60,104829,71],{"class":70},[60,104831,15568],{"class":1656},[60,104833,8579],{"class":74},[60,104835,104836,104838,104840,104842],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,104837,135],{"class":134},[60,104839,122],{"class":74},[60,104841,98072],{"class":118},[60,104843,128],{"class":74},[60,104845,104846,104848,104850,104852,104854,104856],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,104847,135],{"class":134},[60,104849,122],{"class":74},[60,104851,1657],{"class":1656},[60,104853,122],{"class":74},[60,104855,98072],{"class":118},[60,104857,315],{"class":74},[20,104859,318],{},[51,104861,104862],{"className":53,"code":99051,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,104863,104864,104870],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,104865,104866,104868],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,104867,6228],{"class":1656},[60,104869,8579],{"class":74},[60,104871,104872,104874,104876,104878,104880,104882],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,104873,3250],{"class":70},[60,104875,3253],{"class":2033},[60,104877,3256],{"class":255},[60,104879,6228],{"class":259},[60,104881,3261],{"class":255},[60,104883,3264],{"class":70},[20,104885,104886],{},"This is important because:",[30,104888,104889,104894],{},[33,104890,104891,104893],{},[15,104892,3753],{}," creates an empty set",[33,104895,104896,104898,104899,104901],{},[15,104897,3748],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[3698,104900,4581],{}," a set",[20,104903,238],{},[51,104905,104907],{"className":53,"code":104906,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,104908,104909,104919,104927,104931,104945],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,104910,104911,104913,104915,104917],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,104912,2515],{"class":66},[60,104914,71],{"class":70},[60,104916,15568],{"class":1656},[60,104918,8579],{"class":74},[60,104920,104921,104923,104925],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,104922,2543],{"class":66},[60,104924,71],{"class":70},[60,104926,9773],{"class":74},[60,104928,104929],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,104930,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,104932,104933,104935,104937,104939,104941,104943],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,104934,135],{"class":134},[60,104936,122],{"class":74},[60,104938,1657],{"class":1656},[60,104940,122],{"class":74},[60,104942,260],{"class":118},[60,104944,315],{"class":74},[60,104946,104947,104949,104951,104953,104955,104957],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,104948,135],{"class":134},[60,104950,122],{"class":74},[60,104952,1657],{"class":1656},[60,104954,122],{"class":74},[60,104956,270],{"class":118},[60,104958,315],{"class":74},[20,104960,318],{},[51,104962,104964],{"className":53,"code":104963,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,104965,104966,104980],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,104967,104968,104970,104972,104974,104976,104978],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,104969,3250],{"class":70},[60,104971,3253],{"class":2033},[60,104973,3256],{"class":255},[60,104975,6228],{"class":259},[60,104977,3261],{"class":255},[60,104979,3264],{"class":70},[60,104981,104982,104984,104986,104988,104990,104992],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,104983,3250],{"class":70},[60,104985,3253],{"class":2033},[60,104987,3256],{"class":255},[60,104989,8756],{"class":259},[60,104991,3261],{"class":255},[60,104993,3264],{"class":70},[20,104995,13984],{},[20,104997,104998,104999,115],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[260,105000,104255],{"href":96094},[46,105002,105004],{"id":105003},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[553,105006,105008],{"id":105007},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,105010,105011,105012,115],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,105013,3753],{},[51,105015,105017],{"className":53,"code":105016,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105018,105019,105051,105065,105069],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105020,105021,105023,105025,105027,105029,105031,105033,105035,105037,105039,105041,105043,105045,105047,105049],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105022,67],{"class":66},[60,105024,71],{"class":70},[60,105026,75],{"class":74},[60,105028,79],{"class":78},[60,105030,82],{"class":74},[60,105032,85],{"class":78},[60,105034,82],{"class":74},[60,105036,85],{"class":78},[60,105038,82],{"class":74},[60,105040,94],{"class":78},[60,105042,82],{"class":74},[60,105044,94],{"class":78},[60,105046,82],{"class":74},[60,105048,94],{"class":78},[60,105050,101],{"class":74},[60,105052,105053,105055,105057,105059,105061,105063],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,105054,107],{"class":66},[60,105056,71],{"class":70},[60,105058,15568],{"class":1656},[60,105060,122],{"class":74},[60,105062,1506],{"class":118},[60,105064,128],{"class":74},[60,105066,105067],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,105068,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,105070,105071,105073,105075,105077],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,105072,135],{"class":134},[60,105074,122],{"class":74},[60,105076,140],{"class":118},[60,105078,128],{"class":74},[20,105080,318],{},[51,105082,105083],{"className":53,"code":96370,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,105084,105085],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105086,105087,105089,105091,105093,105095,105097,105099],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105088,9213],{"class":74},[60,105090,79],{"class":78},[60,105092,82],{"class":74},[60,105094,85],{"class":78},[60,105096,82],{"class":74},[60,105098,94],{"class":78},[60,105100,9244],{"class":74},[20,105102,105103,105104,115],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[260,105105,98841],{"href":105106},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[553,105108,105110],{"id":105109},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[51,105112,105114],{"className":53,"code":105113,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105115,105116,105140,105154,105158],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105117,105118,105120,105122,105124,105126,105128,105130,105132,105134,105136,105138],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105119,674],{"class":66},[60,105121,71],{"class":70},[60,105123,9171],{"class":74},[60,105125,1086],{"class":78},[60,105127,82],{"class":74},[60,105129,4555],{"class":78},[60,105131,82],{"class":74},[60,105133,883],{"class":78},[60,105135,82],{"class":74},[60,105137,37871],{"class":78},[60,105139,128],{"class":74},[60,105141,105142,105144,105146,105148,105150,105152],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,105143,107],{"class":66},[60,105145,71],{"class":70},[60,105147,15568],{"class":1656},[60,105149,122],{"class":74},[60,105151,706],{"class":118},[60,105153,128],{"class":74},[60,105155,105156],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,105157,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,105159,105160,105162,105164,105166],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,105161,135],{"class":134},[60,105163,122],{"class":74},[60,105165,140],{"class":118},[60,105167,128],{"class":74},[20,105169,318],{},[51,105171,105173],{"className":53,"code":105172,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,105174,105175],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105176,105177,105179,105181,105183,105185,105187,105189],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105178,9213],{"class":74},[60,105180,1086],{"class":78},[60,105182,82],{"class":74},[60,105184,883],{"class":78},[60,105186,82],{"class":74},[60,105188,37871],{"class":78},[60,105190,9244],{"class":74},[553,105192,105194],{"id":105193},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,105196,51055,105197,105199],{},[15,105198,3753],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[51,105201,105203],{"className":53,"code":105202,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105204,105205,105217,105231,105235],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105206,105207,105209,105211,105213,105215],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105208,34621],{"class":66},[60,105210,71],{"class":70},[60,105212,267],{"class":255},[60,105214,1392],{"class":259},[60,105216,3320],{"class":255},[60,105218,105219,105221,105223,105225,105227,105229],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,105220,107],{"class":66},[60,105222,71],{"class":70},[60,105224,15568],{"class":1656},[60,105226,122],{"class":74},[60,105228,34642],{"class":118},[60,105230,128],{"class":74},[60,105232,105233],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,105234,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,105236,105237,105239,105241,105243],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,105238,135],{"class":134},[60,105240,122],{"class":74},[60,105242,140],{"class":118},[60,105244,128],{"class":74},[20,105246,29961],{},[51,105248,105250],{"className":53,"code":105249,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,105251,105252],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105253,105254,105256,105258,105260,105262,105264,105266,105268,105270,105272,105274,105276,105278],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105255,9213],{"class":74},[60,105257,3261],{"class":255},[60,105259,270],{"class":259},[60,105261,3261],{"class":255},[60,105263,82],{"class":74},[60,105265,3256],{"class":255},[60,105267,260],{"class":259},[60,105269,3261],{"class":255},[60,105271,82],{"class":74},[60,105273,3256],{"class":255},[60,105275,75790],{"class":259},[60,105277,3261],{"class":255},[60,105279,9244],{"class":74},[20,105281,105282],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[553,105284,105286],{"id":105285},"from-range","From range()",[51,105288,105290],{"className":53,"code":105289,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,105291,105292,105310],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105293,105294,105296,105298,105300,105302,105304,105306,105308],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105295,107],{"class":66},[60,105297,71],{"class":70},[60,105299,15568],{"class":1656},[60,105301,122],{"class":74},[60,105303,59757],{"class":134},[60,105305,122],{"class":74},[60,105307,1086],{"class":78},[60,105309,315],{"class":74},[60,105311,105312,105314,105316,105318],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,105313,135],{"class":134},[60,105315,122],{"class":74},[60,105317,140],{"class":118},[60,105319,128],{"class":74},[20,105321,318],{},[51,105323,105325],{"className":53,"code":105324,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,105326,105327],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105328,105329,105331,105333,105335,105337,105339,105341,105343,105345,105347,105349],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105330,9213],{"class":74},[60,105332,195],{"class":78},[60,105334,82],{"class":74},[60,105336,695],{"class":78},[60,105338,82],{"class":74},[60,105340,85],{"class":78},[60,105342,82],{"class":74},[60,105344,94],{"class":78},[60,105346,82],{"class":74},[60,105348,800],{"class":78},[60,105350,9244],{"class":74},[46,105352,105354],{"id":105353},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,105356,99288,105357,115],{},[3698,105358,96134],{},[20,105360,105361],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,105363,99294],{},[30,105365,105366,105370,105374,105378],{},[33,105367,105368],{},[15,105369,345],{},[33,105371,105372],{},[15,105373,3405],{},[33,105375,105376],{},[15,105377,2157],{},[33,105379,105380,105382],{},[15,105381,48884],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,105384,238],{},[51,105386,105388],{"className":53,"code":105387,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,105389,105390,105421],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105391,105392,105394,105396,105398,105400,105402,105404,105406,105408,105410,105412,105414,105416,105418],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105393,777],{"class":66},[60,105395,71],{"class":70},[60,105397,10426],{"class":74},[60,105399,79],{"class":78},[60,105401,82],{"class":74},[60,105403,267],{"class":255},[60,105405,3801],{"class":259},[60,105407,256],{"class":255},[60,105409,82],{"class":74},[60,105411,9171],{"class":74},[60,105413,873],{"class":78},[60,105415,82],{"class":74},[60,105417,878],{"class":78},[60,105419,105420],{"class":74},")}\n",[60,105422,105423,105425,105427,105429],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,105424,135],{"class":134},[60,105426,122],{"class":74},[60,105428,828],{"class":118},[60,105430,128],{"class":74},[20,105432,99356,105433,105435],{},[3698,105434,4581],{}," work inside a set:",[30,105437,105438,105442,105446],{},[33,105439,105440],{},[15,105441,8033],{},[33,105443,105444],{},[15,105445,8756],{},[33,105447,105448],{},[15,105449,6228],{},[20,105451,96859],{},[51,105453,105455],{"className":53,"code":105454,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105456,105457],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105458,105459,105461,105463,105465,105467,105469,105471,105473,105475,105477,105479,105481],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105460,99375],{"class":66},[60,105462,71],{"class":70},[60,105464,99380],{"class":74},[60,105466,79],{"class":78},[60,105468,82],{"class":74},[60,105470,85],{"class":78},[60,105472,791],{"class":74},[60,105474,75],{"class":74},[60,105476,189],{"class":78},[60,105478,82],{"class":74},[60,105480,800],{"class":78},[60,105482,13641],{"class":74},[20,105484,76618,105485,105487],{},[15,105486,2964],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,105489,105490],{},"A safer example:",[51,105492,105494],{"className":53,"code":105493,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,105495,105496,105524],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105497,105498,105501,105503,105506,105508,105510,105512,105514,105516,105518,105520,105522],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105499,105500],{"class":66},"good_set ",[60,105502,71],{"class":70},[60,105504,105505],{"class":74}," {(",[60,105507,79],{"class":78},[60,105509,82],{"class":74},[60,105511,85],{"class":78},[60,105513,9168],{"class":74},[60,105515,9171],{"class":74},[60,105517,189],{"class":78},[60,105519,82],{"class":74},[60,105521,800],{"class":78},[60,105523,105420],{"class":74},[60,105525,105526,105528,105530,105533],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,105527,135],{"class":134},[60,105529,122],{"class":74},[60,105531,105532],{"class":118},"good_set",[60,105534,128],{"class":74},[20,105536,318],{},[51,105538,105540],{"className":53,"code":105539,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,105541,105542],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105543,105544,105547,105549,105551,105553,105555,105557,105559,105561,105563],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105545,105546],{"class":74},"{(",[60,105548,79],{"class":78},[60,105550,82],{"class":74},[60,105552,85],{"class":78},[60,105554,9168],{"class":74},[60,105556,9171],{"class":74},[60,105558,189],{"class":78},[60,105560,82],{"class":74},[60,105562,800],{"class":78},[60,105564,105420],{"class":74},[46,105566,105568],{"id":105567},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,105570,150,105571,10537],{},[15,105572,3753],{},[30,105574,105575,105578,105583,105586],{},[33,105576,105577],{},"you need unique values only",[33,105579,105580,105581],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,105582,511],{},[33,105584,105585],{},"order does not matter",[33,105587,105588],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,105590,105591],{},"Example of membership checking:",[51,105593,105595],{"className":53,"code":105594,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,105596,105597,105622,105626,105642],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105598,105599,105602,105604,105606,105608,105610,105612,105615,105617,105620],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105600,105601],{"class":66},"allowed_ids ",[60,105603,71],{"class":70},[60,105605,15568],{"class":1656},[60,105607,835],{"class":74},[60,105609,46524],{"class":78},[60,105611,82],{"class":74},[60,105613,105614],{"class":78}," 102",[60,105616,82],{"class":74},[60,105618,105619],{"class":78}," 103",[60,105621,1193],{"class":74},[60,105623,105624],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,105625,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,105627,105628,105630,105632,105635,105637,105640],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,105629,135],{"class":134},[60,105631,122],{"class":74},[60,105633,105634],{"class":78},"102",[60,105636,1538],{"class":1537},[60,105638,105639],{"class":118}," allowed_ids",[60,105641,128],{"class":74},[60,105643,105644,105646,105648,105651,105653,105655],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,105645,135],{"class":134},[60,105647,122],{"class":74},[60,105649,105650],{"class":78},"999",[60,105652,1538],{"class":1537},[60,105654,105639],{"class":118},[60,105656,128],{"class":74},[20,105658,318],{},[51,105660,105661],{"className":53,"code":44105,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,105662,105663,105667],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105664,105665],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105666,3933],{"class":685},[60,105668,105669],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,105670,3994],{"class":685},[20,105672,105673],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[46,105675,105677],{"id":105676},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,105679,105680],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[553,105682,150,105684,97985],{"id":105683},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,105685,3753],{},[51,105687,105688],{"className":53,"code":98046,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,105689,105690,105700],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105691,105692,105694,105696,105698],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105693,98053],{"class":66},[60,105695,71],{"class":70},[60,105697,15568],{"class":1656},[60,105699,8579],{"class":74},[60,105701,105702,105704,105706,105708,105710,105712],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,105703,135],{"class":134},[60,105705,122],{"class":74},[60,105707,1657],{"class":1656},[60,105709,122],{"class":74},[60,105711,98072],{"class":118},[60,105713,315],{"class":74},[20,105715,318],{},[51,105717,105718],{"className":53,"code":8787,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,105719,105720],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105721,105722,105724,105726,105728,105730,105732],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105723,3250],{"class":70},[60,105725,3253],{"class":2033},[60,105727,3256],{"class":255},[60,105729,6228],{"class":259},[60,105731,3261],{"class":255},[60,105733,3264],{"class":70},[553,105735,150,105737,105739],{"id":105736},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,105738,100045],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[51,105741,105743],{"className":53,"code":105742,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,105744,105745,105765],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105746,105747,105749,105751,105753,105755,105757,105759,105761,105763],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105748,67],{"class":66},[60,105750,71],{"class":70},[60,105752,10426],{"class":74},[60,105754,79],{"class":78},[60,105756,82],{"class":74},[60,105758,85],{"class":78},[60,105760,82],{"class":74},[60,105762,94],{"class":78},[60,105764,9244],{"class":74},[60,105766,105767,105769,105771,105773,105775,105777],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,105768,135],{"class":134},[60,105770,122],{"class":74},[60,105772,1657],{"class":1656},[60,105774,122],{"class":74},[60,105776,1506],{"class":118},[60,105778,315],{"class":74},[20,105780,318],{},[51,105782,105783],{"className":53,"code":8787,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,105784,105785],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105786,105787,105789,105791,105793,105795,105797],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105788,3250],{"class":70},[60,105790,3253],{"class":2033},[60,105792,3256],{"class":255},[60,105794,6228],{"class":259},[60,105796,3261],{"class":255},[60,105798,3264],{"class":70},[553,105800,150,105802,105804],{"id":105801},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,105803,3748],{}," for an empty dictionary",[51,105806,105808],{"className":53,"code":105807,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,105809,105810,105819],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105811,105812,105815,105817],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105813,105814],{"class":66},"empty_dict ",[60,105816,71],{"class":70},[60,105818,9773],{"class":74},[60,105820,105821,105823,105825,105827,105829,105832],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,105822,135],{"class":134},[60,105824,122],{"class":74},[60,105826,1657],{"class":1656},[60,105828,122],{"class":74},[60,105830,105831],{"class":118},"empty_dict",[60,105833,315],{"class":74},[20,105835,318],{},[51,105837,105838],{"className":53,"code":8743,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,105839,105840],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105841,105842,105844,105846,105848,105850,105852],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105843,3250],{"class":70},[60,105845,3253],{"class":2033},[60,105847,3256],{"class":255},[60,105849,8756],{"class":259},[60,105851,3261],{"class":255},[60,105853,3264],{"class":70},[20,105855,105856],{},"So the rule is simple:",[30,105858,105859,105864,105869],{},[33,105860,105861,105863],{},[15,105862,3753],{}," → empty set",[33,105865,105866,105868],{},[15,105867,100045],{}," → non-empty set",[33,105870,105871,105873],{},[15,105872,3748],{}," → empty dictionary",[46,105875,1351],{"id":1350},[20,105877,105878,105879,115],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,105880,3753],{},[553,105882,8356,105883,99643],{"id":99640},[15,105884,3748],{},[20,105886,105887],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[51,105889,105890],{"className":53,"code":99649,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,105891,105892,105900],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105893,105894,105896,105898],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105895,1690],{"class":66},[60,105897,71],{"class":70},[60,105899,9773],{"class":74},[60,105901,105902,105904,105906,105908,105910,105912],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,105903,135],{"class":134},[60,105905,122],{"class":74},[60,105907,1657],{"class":1656},[60,105909,122],{"class":74},[60,105911,221],{"class":118},[60,105913,315],{"class":74},[553,105915,105917,105918],{"id":105916},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,105919,105920],{},"set(5)",[20,105922,105923,105925],{},[15,105924,3753],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[51,105927,105929],{"className":53,"code":105928,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"set(5)\n",[15,105930,105931],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105932,105933,105935,105937,105939],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105934,6228],{"class":1656},[60,105936,122],{"class":74},[60,105938,1086],{"class":78},[60,105940,128],{"class":74},[20,105942,2961,105943,105945,105946,115],{},[15,105944,2964],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[260,105947,105949],{"href":105948},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[553,105951,105953],{"id":105952},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,105955,105956],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[51,105958,105960],{"className":53,"code":105959,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105961,105962],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105963,105964,105966,105968,105970,105972,105974,105976,105978,105980,105982,105984,105986],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105965,1690],{"class":66},[60,105967,71],{"class":70},[60,105969,99380],{"class":74},[60,105971,79],{"class":78},[60,105973,82],{"class":74},[60,105975,85],{"class":78},[60,105977,791],{"class":74},[60,105979,75],{"class":74},[60,105981,189],{"class":78},[60,105983,82],{"class":74},[60,105985,800],{"class":78},[60,105987,13641],{"class":74},[553,105989,1454,105991,105993],{"id":105990},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,105992,3753],{}," to keep the original order",[20,105995,105996],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[553,105998,37138,106000,8640,106002,1460,106004],{"id":105999},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,106001,3753],{},[15,106003,24713],{},[15,106005,9055],{},[20,106007,106008],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[46,106010,60469],{"id":60468},[20,106012,11048],{},[51,106014,106016],{"className":53,"code":106015,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,106017,106018,106033,106043,106057],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,106019,106020,106022,106024,106026,106028,106031],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,106021,135],{"class":134},[60,106023,122],{"class":74},[60,106025,1657],{"class":1656},[60,106027,122],{"class":74},[60,106029,106030],{"class":118},"my_value",[60,106032,315],{"class":74},[60,106034,106035,106037,106039,106041],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,106036,135],{"class":134},[60,106038,122],{"class":74},[60,106040,106030],{"class":118},[60,106042,128],{"class":74},[60,106044,106045,106047,106049,106051,106053,106055],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,106046,135],{"class":134},[60,106048,122],{"class":74},[60,106050,8033],{"class":1656},[60,106052,122],{"class":74},[60,106054,15601],{"class":118},[60,106056,315],{"class":74},[60,106058,106059,106061,106063,106065,106067,106069],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,106060,135],{"class":134},[60,106062,122],{"class":74},[60,106064,11097],{"class":134},[60,106066,122],{"class":74},[60,106068,15601],{"class":118},[60,106070,315],{"class":74},[20,106072,106073],{},"What they help you see:",[30,106075,106076,106082,106087,106093],{},[33,106077,106078,106081],{},[15,106079,106080],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[33,106083,106084,90309],{},[15,106085,106086],{},"print(my_value)",[33,106088,106089,106092],{},[15,106090,106091],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[33,106094,106095,106098],{},[15,106096,106097],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[46,106100,1773],{"id":1772},[553,106102,106104],{"id":106103},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,106106,106107],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[553,106109,106111],{"id":106110},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,106113,150,106114,106116,106117,106119],{},[15,106115,3753],{},". Do not use ",[15,106118,3748],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[553,106121,106123],{"id":106122},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,106125,106126],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[553,106128,106130],{"id":106129},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,106132,106133],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,106135,238],{},[51,106137,106139],{"className":53,"code":106138,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,106140,106141],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,106142,106143,106145,106147,106149,106151,106153,106155,106157],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,106144,135],{"class":134},[60,106146,122],{"class":74},[60,106148,6228],{"class":1656},[60,106150,122],{"class":74},[60,106152,256],{"class":255},[60,106154,575],{"class":259},[60,106156,256],{"class":255},[60,106158,315],{"class":74},[20,106160,29961],{},[51,106162,106164],{"className":53,"code":106163,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,106165,106166],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,106167,106168,106170,106172,106174,106176,106178,106180,106182,106184,106186,106188,106190,106192,106194,106196,106198,106200],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,106169,9213],{"class":74},[60,106171,3261],{"class":255},[60,106173,260],{"class":259},[60,106175,3261],{"class":255},[60,106177,82],{"class":74},[60,106179,3256],{"class":255},[60,106181,20],{"class":259},[60,106183,3261],{"class":255},[60,106185,82],{"class":74},[60,106187,3256],{"class":255},[60,106189,60215],{"class":259},[60,106191,3261],{"class":255},[60,106193,82],{"class":74},[60,106195,3256],{"class":255},[60,106197,60206],{"class":259},[60,106199,3261],{"class":255},[60,106201,9244],{"class":74},[553,106203,1821,106205,106208],{"id":106204},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,106206,106207],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,106210,106211,28618,106213,106216],{},[15,106212,3753],{},[3698,106214,106215],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,106218,106219],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[51,106221,106223],{"className":53,"code":106222,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,106224,106225],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,106226,106227,106229,106231,106233,106235,106237,106239,106241,106243,106245,106247,106249],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,106228,135],{"class":134},[60,106230,122],{"class":74},[60,106232,6228],{"class":1656},[60,106234,835],{"class":74},[60,106236,79],{"class":78},[60,106238,82],{"class":74},[60,106240,85],{"class":78},[60,106242,82],{"class":74},[60,106244,94],{"class":78},[60,106246,82],{"class":74},[60,106248,800],{"class":78},[60,106250,2958],{"class":74},[46,106252,1842],{"id":1841},[30,106254,106255,106259,106263,106267,106271],{},[33,106256,106257],{},[260,106258,96091],{"href":96090},[33,106260,106261],{},[260,106262,104255],{"href":96094},[33,106264,106265],{},[260,106266,100107],{"href":105106},[33,106268,106269],{},[260,106270,104813],{"href":64607},[33,106272,106273],{},[260,106274,105949],{"href":105948},[1885,106276,106277],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":106279},[106280,106281,106282,106283,106284,106290,106291,106292,106300,106310,106311,106319],{"id":1971,"depth":104,"text":1972},{"id":104431,"depth":104,"text":104432},{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199},{"id":104816,"depth":104,"text":104817},{"id":105003,"depth":104,"text":105004,"children":106285},[106286,106287,106288,106289],{"id":105007,"depth":131,"text":105008},{"id":105109,"depth":131,"text":105110},{"id":105193,"depth":131,"text":105194},{"id":105285,"depth":131,"text":105286},{"id":105353,"depth":104,"text":105354},{"id":105567,"depth":104,"text":105568},{"id":105676,"depth":104,"text":105677,"children":106293},[106294,106296,106298],{"id":105683,"depth":131,"text":106295},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105736,"depth":131,"text":106297},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":105801,"depth":131,"text":106299},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351,"children":106301},[106302,106303,106305,106306,106308],{"id":99640,"depth":131,"text":100148},{"id":105916,"depth":131,"text":106304},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":105952,"depth":131,"text":105953},{"id":105990,"depth":131,"text":106307},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":105999,"depth":131,"text":106309},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60468,"depth":104,"text":60469},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":106312},[106313,106314,106315,106316,106317],{"id":106103,"depth":131,"text":106104},{"id":106110,"depth":131,"text":106111},{"id":106122,"depth":131,"text":106123},{"id":106129,"depth":131,"text":106130},{"id":106204,"depth":131,"text":106318},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104313,"description":106320},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106327,"title":106328,"body":106329,"description":107844,"extension":1930,"meta":107845,"navigation":421,"path":107846,"seo":107847,"stem":107848,"__hash__":107849},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106330,"toc":107820},[106331,106337,106342,106345,106428,106433,106438,106443,106445,106458,106462,106464,106483,106486,106509,106512,106523,106525,106606,106608,106625,106627,106633,106636,106731,106733,106764,106766,106774,106776,106779,106890,106892,106917,106919,106941,106946,106951,106957,107066,107068,107084,107087,107090,107173,107175,107192,107200,107202,107206,107212,107303,107305,107338,107343,107350,107427,107429,107446,107452,107454,107458,107474,107477,107503,107505,107566,107568,107691,107693,107744,107750,107752,107757,107759,107765,107768,107772,107775,107779,107782,107792,107794,107817],[10,106332,1875,106334,18],{"id":106333},"python-setintersection-method",[15,106335,106336],{},"set.intersection()",[20,106338,1947,106339,106341],{},[15,106340,106336],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,106343,106344],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[51,106346,106348],{"className":53,"code":106347,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,106349,106350,106370,106390,106394,106413,106423],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,106351,106352,106354,106356,106358,106360,106362,106364,106366,106368],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,106353,2515],{"class":66},[60,106355,71],{"class":70},[60,106357,10426],{"class":74},[60,106359,79],{"class":78},[60,106361,82],{"class":74},[60,106363,85],{"class":78},[60,106365,82],{"class":74},[60,106367,94],{"class":78},[60,106369,9244],{"class":74},[60,106371,106372,106374,106376,106378,106380,106382,106384,106386,106388],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,106373,2543],{"class":66},[60,106375,71],{"class":70},[60,106377,10426],{"class":74},[60,106379,125],{"class":78},[60,106381,82],{"class":74},[60,106383,94],{"class":78},[60,106385,82],{"class":74},[60,106387,800],{"class":78},[60,106389,9244],{"class":74},[60,106391,106392],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,106393,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,106395,106396,106398,106400,106402,106404,106407,106409,106411],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,106397,107],{"class":66},[60,106399,71],{"class":70},[60,106401,56809],{"class":66},[60,106403,115],{"class":74},[60,106405,106406],{"class":118},"intersection",[60,106408,122],{"class":74},[60,106410,270],{"class":118},[60,106412,128],{"class":74},[60,106414,106415,106417,106419,106421],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,106416,135],{"class":134},[60,106418,122],{"class":74},[60,106420,140],{"class":118},[60,106422,128],{"class":74},[60,106424,106425],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,106426,106427],{"class":146},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,106429,150,106430,106432],{},[15,106431,102554],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[46,106434,12933,106436,12936],{"id":106435},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,106437,102554],{},[20,106439,106440,106442],{},[15,106441,102554],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,106444,12989],{},[30,106446,106447,106450,106452,106455],{},[33,106448,106449],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[33,106451,100324],{},[33,106453,106454],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[33,106456,106457],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,106459,96087,106460,115],{},[260,106461,96091],{"href":96090},[46,106463,199],{"id":198},[51,106465,106467],{"className":53,"code":106466,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,106468,106469],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,106470,106471,106473,106475,106477,106479,106481],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,106472,100348],{"class":66},[60,106474,115],{"class":74},[60,106476,106406],{"class":118},[60,106478,122],{"class":74},[60,106480,100357],{"class":118},[60,106482,128],{"class":74},[20,106484,106485],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[51,106487,106489],{"className":53,"code":106488,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,106490,106491],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,106492,106493,106495,106497,106499,106501,106503,106505,106507],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,106494,100348],{"class":66},[60,106496,115],{"class":74},[60,106498,106406],{"class":118},[60,106500,122],{"class":74},[60,106502,100357],{"class":118},[60,106504,82],{"class":74},[60,106506,100384],{"class":118},[60,106508,128],{"class":74},[20,106510,106511],{},"Important notes:",[30,106513,106514,106517,106520],{},[33,106515,106516],{},"The result is always a new set",[33,106518,106519],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[33,106521,106522],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,106524,238],{},[51,106526,106528],{"className":53,"code":106527,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106529,106530,106554,106574,106578,106596],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,106531,106532,106534,106536,106538,106540,106542,106544,106546,106548,106550,106552],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,106533,2515],{"class":66},[60,106535,71],{"class":70},[60,106537,10426],{"class":74},[60,106539,79],{"class":78},[60,106541,82],{"class":74},[60,106543,85],{"class":78},[60,106545,82],{"class":74},[60,106547,94],{"class":78},[60,106549,82],{"class":74},[60,106551,800],{"class":78},[60,106553,9244],{"class":74},[60,106555,106556,106558,106560,106562,106564,106566,106568,106570,106572],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,106557,2543],{"class":66},[60,106559,71],{"class":70},[60,106561,10426],{"class":74},[60,106563,189],{"class":78},[60,106565,82],{"class":74},[60,106567,800],{"class":78},[60,106569,82],{"class":74},[60,106571,4555],{"class":78},[60,106573,9244],{"class":74},[60,106575,106576],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,106577,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,106579,106580,106582,106584,106586,106588,106590,106592,106594],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,106581,107],{"class":66},[60,106583,71],{"class":70},[60,106585,56809],{"class":66},[60,106587,115],{"class":74},[60,106589,106406],{"class":118},[60,106591,122],{"class":74},[60,106593,270],{"class":118},[60,106595,128],{"class":74},[60,106597,106598,106600,106602,106604],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,106599,135],{"class":134},[60,106601,122],{"class":74},[60,106603,140],{"class":118},[60,106605,128],{"class":74},[20,106607,318],{},[51,106609,106611],{"className":53,"code":106610,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{3, 4}\n",[15,106612,106613],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,106614,106615,106617,106619,106621,106623],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,106616,9213],{"class":74},[60,106618,189],{"class":78},[60,106620,82],{"class":74},[60,106622,800],{"class":78},[60,106624,9244],{"class":74},[46,106626,17354],{"id":17353},[20,106628,106629,21908,106631,115],{},[15,106630,102554],{},[3698,106632,6228],{},[20,106634,106635],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[51,106637,106639],{"className":53,"code":106638,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,106640,106641,106661,106681,106685,106703,106707,106717],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,106642,106643,106645,106647,106649,106651,106653,106655,106657,106659],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,106644,2515],{"class":66},[60,106646,71],{"class":70},[60,106648,10426],{"class":74},[60,106650,79],{"class":78},[60,106652,82],{"class":74},[60,106654,85],{"class":78},[60,106656,82],{"class":74},[60,106658,94],{"class":78},[60,106660,9244],{"class":74},[60,106662,106663,106665,106667,106669,106671,106673,106675,106677,106679],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,106664,2543],{"class":66},[60,106666,71],{"class":70},[60,106668,10426],{"class":74},[60,106670,125],{"class":78},[60,106672,82],{"class":74},[60,106674,94],{"class":78},[60,106676,82],{"class":74},[60,106678,800],{"class":78},[60,106680,9244],{"class":74},[60,106682,106683],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,106684,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,106686,106687,106689,106691,106693,106695,106697,106699,106701],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,106688,107],{"class":66},[60,106690,71],{"class":70},[60,106692,56809],{"class":66},[60,106694,115],{"class":74},[60,106696,106406],{"class":118},[60,106698,122],{"class":74},[60,106700,270],{"class":118},[60,106702,128],{"class":74},[60,106704,106705],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,106706,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,106708,106709,106711,106713,106715],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,106710,135],{"class":134},[60,106712,122],{"class":74},[60,106714,140],{"class":118},[60,106716,128],{"class":74},[60,106718,106719,106721,106723,106725,106727,106729],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,106720,135],{"class":134},[60,106722,122],{"class":74},[60,106724,1657],{"class":1656},[60,106726,122],{"class":74},[60,106728,140],{"class":118},[60,106730,315],{"class":74},[20,106732,318],{},[51,106734,106736],{"className":53,"code":106735,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,106737,106738,106750],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,106739,106740,106742,106744,106746,106748],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,106741,9213],{"class":74},[60,106743,125],{"class":78},[60,106745,82],{"class":74},[60,106747,94],{"class":78},[60,106749,9244],{"class":74},[60,106751,106752,106754,106756,106758,106760,106762],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,106753,3250],{"class":70},[60,106755,3253],{"class":2033},[60,106757,3256],{"class":255},[60,106759,6228],{"class":259},[60,106761,3261],{"class":255},[60,106763,3264],{"class":70},[20,106765,85572],{},[30,106767,106768,106771],{},[33,106769,106770],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[33,106772,106773],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[46,106775,11411],{"id":11410},[20,106777,106778],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[51,106780,106782],{"className":53,"code":106781,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,106783,106784,106817,106850,106854,106875,106879],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,106785,106786,106789,106791,106793,106795,106797,106799,106801,106803,106805,106807,106809,106811,106813,106815],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,106787,106788],{"class":66},"colors1 ",[60,106790,71],{"class":70},[60,106792,10426],{"class":74},[60,106794,256],{"class":255},[60,106796,386],{"class":259},[60,106798,256],{"class":255},[60,106800,82],{"class":74},[60,106802,267],{"class":255},[60,106804,395],{"class":259},[60,106806,256],{"class":255},[60,106808,82],{"class":74},[60,106810,267],{"class":255},[60,106812,404],{"class":259},[60,106814,256],{"class":255},[60,106816,9244],{"class":74},[60,106818,106819,106822,106824,106826,106828,106830,106832,106834,106836,106838,106840,106842,106844,106846,106848],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,106820,106821],{"class":66},"colors2 ",[60,106823,71],{"class":70},[60,106825,10426],{"class":74},[60,106827,256],{"class":255},[60,106829,404],{"class":259},[60,106831,256],{"class":255},[60,106833,82],{"class":74},[60,106835,267],{"class":255},[60,106837,495],{"class":259},[60,106839,256],{"class":255},[60,106841,82],{"class":74},[60,106843,267],{"class":255},[60,106845,395],{"class":259},[60,106847,256],{"class":255},[60,106849,9244],{"class":74},[60,106851,106852],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,106853,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,106855,106856,106859,106861,106864,106866,106868,106870,106873],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,106857,106858],{"class":66},"common_colors ",[60,106860,71],{"class":70},[60,106862,106863],{"class":66}," colors1",[60,106865,115],{"class":74},[60,106867,106406],{"class":118},[60,106869,122],{"class":74},[60,106871,106872],{"class":118},"colors2",[60,106874,128],{"class":74},[60,106876,106877],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,106878,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,106880,106881,106883,106885,106888],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,106882,135],{"class":134},[60,106884,122],{"class":74},[60,106886,106887],{"class":118},"common_colors",[60,106889,128],{"class":74},[20,106891,318],{},[51,106893,106895],{"className":53,"code":106894,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,106896,106897],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,106898,106899,106901,106903,106905,106907,106909,106911,106913,106915],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,106900,9213],{"class":74},[60,106902,3261],{"class":255},[60,106904,395],{"class":259},[60,106906,3261],{"class":255},[60,106908,82],{"class":74},[60,106910,3256],{"class":255},[60,106912,404],{"class":259},[60,106914,3261],{"class":255},[60,106916,9244],{"class":74},[20,106918,11620],{},[30,106920,106921,106927,106931,106936],{},[33,106922,106923,106926],{},[15,106924,106925],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[33,106928,106929,106926],{},[15,106930,106872],{},[33,106932,106933,106935],{},[15,106934,102554],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[33,106937,106938,106939],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,106940,106887],{},[46,106942,8356,106944,100921],{"id":106943},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,106945,102554],{},[20,106947,106948,106949,115],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,106950,102554],{},[20,106952,106953,106954,106956],{},"Only the values found in ",[3698,106955,3670],{}," inputs will be kept.",[51,106958,106960],{"className":53,"code":106959,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106961,106962,106986,107010,107030,107034,107056],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,106963,106964,106966,106968,106970,106972,106974,106976,106978,106980,106982,106984],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,106965,2515],{"class":66},[60,106967,71],{"class":70},[60,106969,10426],{"class":74},[60,106971,79],{"class":78},[60,106973,82],{"class":74},[60,106975,85],{"class":78},[60,106977,82],{"class":74},[60,106979,94],{"class":78},[60,106981,82],{"class":74},[60,106983,800],{"class":78},[60,106985,9244],{"class":74},[60,106987,106988,106990,106992,106994,106996,106998,107000,107002,107004,107006,107008],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,106989,2543],{"class":66},[60,106991,71],{"class":70},[60,106993,10426],{"class":74},[60,106995,125],{"class":78},[60,106997,82],{"class":74},[60,106999,94],{"class":78},[60,107001,82],{"class":74},[60,107003,800],{"class":78},[60,107005,82],{"class":74},[60,107007,4555],{"class":78},[60,107009,9244],{"class":74},[60,107011,107012,107014,107016,107018,107020,107022,107024,107026,107028],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,107013,82946],{"class":66},[60,107015,71],{"class":70},[60,107017,10426],{"class":74},[60,107019,189],{"class":78},[60,107021,82],{"class":74},[60,107023,800],{"class":78},[60,107025,82],{"class":74},[60,107027,37578],{"class":78},[60,107029,9244],{"class":74},[60,107031,107032],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,107033,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,107035,107036,107038,107040,107042,107044,107046,107048,107050,107052,107054],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,107037,107],{"class":66},[60,107039,71],{"class":70},[60,107041,56809],{"class":66},[60,107043,115],{"class":74},[60,107045,106406],{"class":118},[60,107047,122],{"class":74},[60,107049,270],{"class":118},[60,107051,82],{"class":74},[60,107053,9617],{"class":118},[60,107055,128],{"class":74},[60,107057,107058,107060,107062,107064],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,107059,135],{"class":134},[60,107061,122],{"class":74},[60,107063,140],{"class":118},[60,107065,128],{"class":74},[20,107067,318],{},[51,107069,107070],{"className":53,"code":106610,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,107071,107072],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,107073,107074,107076,107078,107080,107082],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,107075,9213],{"class":74},[60,107077,189],{"class":78},[60,107079,82],{"class":74},[60,107081,800],{"class":78},[60,107083,9244],{"class":74},[20,107085,107086],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,107088,107089],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[51,107091,107093],{"className":53,"code":107092,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,107094,107095,107119,107123,107163],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,107096,107097,107099,107101,107103,107105,107107,107109,107111,107113,107115,107117],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,107098,2515],{"class":66},[60,107100,71],{"class":70},[60,107102,10426],{"class":74},[60,107104,79],{"class":78},[60,107106,82],{"class":74},[60,107108,85],{"class":78},[60,107110,82],{"class":74},[60,107112,94],{"class":78},[60,107114,82],{"class":74},[60,107116,800],{"class":78},[60,107118,9244],{"class":74},[60,107120,107121],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,107122,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,107124,107125,107127,107129,107131,107133,107135,107137,107139,107141,107143,107145,107147,107149,107151,107153,107155,107157,107159,107161],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,107126,107],{"class":66},[60,107128,71],{"class":70},[60,107130,56809],{"class":66},[60,107132,115],{"class":74},[60,107134,106406],{"class":118},[60,107136,835],{"class":74},[60,107138,125],{"class":78},[60,107140,82],{"class":74},[60,107142,800],{"class":78},[60,107144,82],{"class":74},[60,107146,37578],{"class":78},[60,107148,791],{"class":74},[60,107150,9171],{"class":74},[60,107152,79],{"class":78},[60,107154,82],{"class":74},[60,107156,85],{"class":78},[60,107158,82],{"class":74},[60,107160,800],{"class":78},[60,107162,315],{"class":74},[60,107164,107165,107167,107169,107171],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,107166,135],{"class":134},[60,107168,122],{"class":74},[60,107170,140],{"class":118},[60,107172,128],{"class":74},[20,107174,318],{},[51,107176,107178],{"className":53,"code":107177,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{2, 4}\n",[15,107179,107180],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,107181,107182,107184,107186,107188,107190],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,107183,9213],{"class":74},[60,107185,125],{"class":78},[60,107187,82],{"class":74},[60,107189,800],{"class":78},[60,107191,9244],{"class":74},[46,107193,107195,10521,107197],{"id":107194},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,107196,102554],{},[15,107198,107199],{},"intersection_update()",[20,107201,101091],{},[553,107203,107204],{"id":106406},[15,107205,102554],{},[30,107207,107208,107210],{},[33,107209,101100],{},[33,107211,101103],{},[51,107213,107215],{"className":53,"code":107214,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107216,107217,107237,107257,107261,107279,107283,107293],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,107218,107219,107221,107223,107225,107227,107229,107231,107233,107235],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,107220,2515],{"class":66},[60,107222,71],{"class":70},[60,107224,10426],{"class":74},[60,107226,79],{"class":78},[60,107228,82],{"class":74},[60,107230,85],{"class":78},[60,107232,82],{"class":74},[60,107234,94],{"class":78},[60,107236,9244],{"class":74},[60,107238,107239,107241,107243,107245,107247,107249,107251,107253,107255],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,107240,2543],{"class":66},[60,107242,71],{"class":70},[60,107244,10426],{"class":74},[60,107246,125],{"class":78},[60,107248,82],{"class":74},[60,107250,94],{"class":78},[60,107252,82],{"class":74},[60,107254,800],{"class":78},[60,107256,9244],{"class":74},[60,107258,107259],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,107260,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,107262,107263,107265,107267,107269,107271,107273,107275,107277],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,107264,107],{"class":66},[60,107266,71],{"class":70},[60,107268,56809],{"class":66},[60,107270,115],{"class":74},[60,107272,106406],{"class":118},[60,107274,122],{"class":74},[60,107276,270],{"class":118},[60,107278,128],{"class":74},[60,107280,107281],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,107282,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,107284,107285,107287,107289,107291],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,107286,135],{"class":134},[60,107288,122],{"class":74},[60,107290,260],{"class":118},[60,107292,128],{"class":74},[60,107294,107295,107297,107299,107301],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,107296,135],{"class":134},[60,107298,122],{"class":74},[60,107300,140],{"class":118},[60,107302,128],{"class":74},[20,107304,318],{},[51,107306,107308],{"className":53,"code":107307,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,107309,107310,107326],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,107311,107312,107314,107316,107318,107320,107322,107324],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,107313,9213],{"class":74},[60,107315,79],{"class":78},[60,107317,82],{"class":74},[60,107319,85],{"class":78},[60,107321,82],{"class":74},[60,107323,94],{"class":78},[60,107325,9244],{"class":74},[60,107327,107328,107330,107332,107334,107336],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,107329,9213],{"class":74},[60,107331,125],{"class":78},[60,107333,82],{"class":74},[60,107335,94],{"class":78},[60,107337,9244],{"class":74},[553,107339,107341],{"id":107340},"intersection_update",[15,107342,107199],{},[30,107344,107345,107347],{},[33,107346,101243],{},[33,107348,107349],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[51,107351,107353],{"className":53,"code":107352,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,107354,107355,107375,107395,107399,107413,107417],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,107356,107357,107359,107361,107363,107365,107367,107369,107371,107373],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,107358,2515],{"class":66},[60,107360,71],{"class":70},[60,107362,10426],{"class":74},[60,107364,79],{"class":78},[60,107366,82],{"class":74},[60,107368,85],{"class":78},[60,107370,82],{"class":74},[60,107372,94],{"class":78},[60,107374,9244],{"class":74},[60,107376,107377,107379,107381,107383,107385,107387,107389,107391,107393],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,107378,2543],{"class":66},[60,107380,71],{"class":70},[60,107382,10426],{"class":74},[60,107384,125],{"class":78},[60,107386,82],{"class":74},[60,107388,94],{"class":78},[60,107390,82],{"class":74},[60,107392,800],{"class":78},[60,107394,9244],{"class":74},[60,107396,107397],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,107398,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,107400,107401,107403,107405,107407,107409,107411],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,107402,260],{"class":66},[60,107404,115],{"class":74},[60,107406,107340],{"class":118},[60,107408,122],{"class":74},[60,107410,270],{"class":118},[60,107412,128],{"class":74},[60,107414,107415],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,107416,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,107418,107419,107421,107423,107425],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,107420,135],{"class":134},[60,107422,122],{"class":74},[60,107424,260],{"class":118},[60,107426,128],{"class":74},[20,107428,318],{},[51,107430,107432],{"className":53,"code":107431,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{2, 3}\n",[15,107433,107434],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,107435,107436,107438,107440,107442,107444],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,107437,9213],{"class":74},[60,107439,125],{"class":78},[60,107441,82],{"class":74},[60,107443,94],{"class":78},[60,107445,9244],{"class":74},[20,107447,107448,107449,107451],{},"Choose ",[15,107450,102554],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[46,107453,4468],{"id":4467},[20,107455,14668,107456,166],{},[15,107457,102554],{},[30,107459,107460,107463,107466,107469],{},[33,107461,107462],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[33,107464,107465],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[33,107467,107468],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[33,107470,107471,107472],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,107473,102554],{},[20,107475,107476],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[30,107478,107479,107484,107487,107500],{},[33,107480,8356,107481,107483],{},[15,107482,102554],{}," when order matters",[33,107485,107486],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[33,107488,37138,107489,8640,107491,1460,107496],{},[15,107490,102554],{},[260,107492,107494],{"href":107493},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,107495,102562],{},[260,107497,107498],{"href":102603},[15,107499,100177],{},[33,107501,107502],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,107504,30067],{},[51,107506,107508],{"className":53,"code":107507,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107509,107510,107520,107534,107552],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,107511,107512,107514,107516,107518],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,107513,135],{"class":134},[60,107515,122],{"class":74},[60,107517,15601],{"class":118},[60,107519,128],{"class":74},[60,107521,107522,107524,107526,107528,107530,107532],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,107523,135],{"class":134},[60,107525,122],{"class":74},[60,107527,1657],{"class":1656},[60,107529,122],{"class":74},[60,107531,140],{"class":118},[60,107533,315],{"class":74},[60,107535,107536,107538,107540,107542,107544,107546,107548,107550],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,107537,135],{"class":134},[60,107539,122],{"class":74},[60,107541,100348],{"class":118},[60,107543,115],{"class":74},[60,107545,106406],{"class":118},[60,107547,122],{"class":74},[60,107549,100357],{"class":118},[60,107551,315],{"class":74},[60,107553,107554,107556,107558,107560,107562,107564],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,107555,135],{"class":134},[60,107557,122],{"class":74},[60,107559,11097],{"class":134},[60,107561,122],{"class":74},[60,107563,140],{"class":118},[60,107565,315],{"class":74},[20,107567,238],{},[51,107569,107571],{"className":53,"code":107570,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107572,107573,107597,107617,107621,107639,107643,107653,107663,107677],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,107574,107575,107577,107579,107581,107583,107585,107587,107589,107591,107593,107595],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,107576,67],{"class":66},[60,107578,71],{"class":70},[60,107580,10426],{"class":74},[60,107582,79],{"class":78},[60,107584,82],{"class":74},[60,107586,85],{"class":78},[60,107588,82],{"class":74},[60,107590,85],{"class":78},[60,107592,82],{"class":74},[60,107594,94],{"class":78},[60,107596,9244],{"class":74},[60,107598,107599,107601,107603,107605,107607,107609,107611,107613,107615],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,107600,43481],{"class":66},[60,107602,71],{"class":70},[60,107604,10426],{"class":74},[60,107606,125],{"class":78},[60,107608,82],{"class":74},[60,107610,94],{"class":78},[60,107612,82],{"class":74},[60,107614,800],{"class":78},[60,107616,9244],{"class":74},[60,107618,107619],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,107620,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,107622,107623,107625,107627,107629,107631,107633,107635,107637],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,107624,107],{"class":66},[60,107626,71],{"class":70},[60,107628,112],{"class":66},[60,107630,115],{"class":74},[60,107632,106406],{"class":118},[60,107634,122],{"class":74},[60,107636,30675],{"class":118},[60,107638,128],{"class":74},[60,107640,107641],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,107642,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,107644,107645,107647,107649,107651],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,107646,135],{"class":134},[60,107648,122],{"class":74},[60,107650,1506],{"class":118},[60,107652,128],{"class":74},[60,107654,107655,107657,107659,107661],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,107656,135],{"class":134},[60,107658,122],{"class":74},[60,107660,140],{"class":118},[60,107662,128],{"class":74},[60,107664,107665,107667,107669,107671,107673,107675],{"class":62,"line":6367},[60,107666,135],{"class":134},[60,107668,122],{"class":74},[60,107670,1657],{"class":1656},[60,107672,122],{"class":74},[60,107674,140],{"class":118},[60,107676,315],{"class":74},[60,107678,107679,107681,107683,107685,107687,107689],{"class":62,"line":6373},[60,107680,135],{"class":134},[60,107682,122],{"class":74},[60,107684,11097],{"class":134},[60,107686,122],{"class":74},[60,107688,140],{"class":118},[60,107690,315],{"class":74},[20,107692,318],{},[51,107694,107696],{"className":53,"code":107695,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,107697,107698,107714,107726,107740],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,107699,107700,107702,107704,107706,107708,107710,107712],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,107701,9213],{"class":74},[60,107703,79],{"class":78},[60,107705,82],{"class":74},[60,107707,85],{"class":78},[60,107709,82],{"class":74},[60,107711,94],{"class":78},[60,107713,9244],{"class":74},[60,107715,107716,107718,107720,107722,107724],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,107717,9213],{"class":74},[60,107719,125],{"class":78},[60,107721,82],{"class":74},[60,107723,94],{"class":78},[60,107725,9244],{"class":74},[60,107727,107728,107730,107732,107734,107736,107738],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,107729,3250],{"class":70},[60,107731,3253],{"class":2033},[60,107733,3256],{"class":255},[60,107735,6228],{"class":259},[60,107737,3261],{"class":255},[60,107739,3264],{"class":70},[60,107741,107742],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,107743,321],{"class":78},[20,107745,107746,107747,107749],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,107748,125],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[46,107751,1773],{"id":1772},[553,107753,1777,107755,102502],{"id":107754},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,107756,102554],{},[20,107758,102505],{},[553,107760,1796,107762,107764],{"id":107761},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,107763,102554],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,107766,107767],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[553,107769,107771],{"id":107770},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,107773,107774],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[553,107776,107778],{"id":107777},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,107780,107781],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[51,107783,107784],{"className":53,"code":97221,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,107785,107786],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,107787,107788,107790],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,107789,6228],{"class":1656},[60,107791,8579],{"class":74},[46,107793,1842],{"id":1841},[30,107795,107796,107800,107807,107813],{},[33,107797,107798],{},[260,107799,96091],{"href":96090},[33,107801,107802],{},[260,107803,1875,107804,1869],{"href":107493},[15,107805,107806],{},"set.union()",[33,107808,107809],{},[260,107810,1875,107811,1869],{"href":102603},[15,107812,100182],{},[33,107814,107815],{},[260,107816,100107],{"href":105106},[1885,107818,107819],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":107821},[107822,107824,107825,107826,107827,107829,107834,107835,107843],{"id":106435,"depth":104,"text":107823},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199},{"id":17353,"depth":104,"text":17354},{"id":11410,"depth":104,"text":11411},{"id":106943,"depth":104,"text":107828},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107194,"depth":104,"text":107830,"children":107831},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[107832,107833],{"id":106406,"depth":131,"text":102554},{"id":107340,"depth":131,"text":107199},{"id":4467,"depth":104,"text":4468},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":107836},[107837,107839,107841,107842],{"id":107754,"depth":131,"text":107838},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":107761,"depth":131,"text":107840},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":107770,"depth":131,"text":107771},{"id":107777,"depth":131,"text":107778},{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106328,"description":107844},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":107851,"title":107852,"body":107853,"description":109089,"extension":1930,"meta":109090,"navigation":421,"path":109091,"seo":109092,"stem":109093,"__hash__":109094},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":107854,"toc":109056},[107855,107860,107866,107875,107877,107952,107957,107972,107982,107987,107991,108004,108008,108010,108025,108027,108043,108045,108120,108124,108127,108129,108146,108151,108206,108211,108223,108227,108230,108331,108333,108374,108377,108381,108388,108390,108415,108418,108436,108443,108449,108452,108534,108541,108544,108624,108633,108636,108641,108645,108659,108708,108713,108717,108728,108777,108788,108793,108797,108809,108858,108869,108871,108875,108898,108900,108957,108959,108973,108975,108981,108987,108993,109002,109006,109013,109017,109025,109027,109053],[10,107856,95963,107858,18],{"id":107857},"python-set-pop-method",[15,107859,12699],{},[20,107861,107862,107865],{},[15,107863,107864],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,107867,107868,107869,107871,107872,107874],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[3698,107870,4581],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,107873,12699],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[46,107876,1972],{"id":1971},[51,107878,107880],{"className":53,"code":107879,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,107881,107882,107914,107928,107932,107942],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,107883,107884,107886,107888,107890,107892,107894,107896,107898,107900,107902,107904,107906,107908,107910,107912],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,107885,777],{"class":66},[60,107887,71],{"class":70},[60,107889,10426],{"class":74},[60,107891,256],{"class":255},[60,107893,575],{"class":259},[60,107895,256],{"class":255},[60,107897,82],{"class":74},[60,107899,267],{"class":255},[60,107901,1392],{"class":259},[60,107903,256],{"class":255},[60,107905,82],{"class":74},[60,107907,267],{"class":255},[60,107909,4048],{"class":259},[60,107911,256],{"class":255},[60,107913,9244],{"class":74},[60,107915,107916,107918,107920,107922,107924,107926],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,107917,69694],{"class":66},[60,107919,71],{"class":70},[60,107921,5910],{"class":66},[60,107923,115],{"class":74},[60,107925,26174],{"class":118},[60,107927,8579],{"class":74},[60,107929,107930],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,107931,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,107933,107934,107936,107938,107940],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,107935,135],{"class":134},[60,107937,122],{"class":74},[60,107939,69717],{"class":118},[60,107941,128],{"class":74},[60,107943,107944,107946,107948,107950],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,107945,135],{"class":134},[60,107947,122],{"class":74},[60,107949,828],{"class":118},[60,107951,128],{"class":74},[20,107953,107954],{},[3698,107955,107956],{},"What this does:",[30,107958,107959,107964,107969],{},[33,107960,107961,107962],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,107963,828],{},[33,107965,107966,107967],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,107968,69717],{},[33,107970,107971],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,107973,107974,88723,107976,107978,107979,107981],{},[3698,107975,83581],{},[15,107977,107864],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[3698,107980,4581],{}," chosen by index.",[46,107983,158,107985,161],{"id":107984},"what-setpop-does",[15,107986,107864],{},[20,107988,107989,166],{},[15,107990,107864],{},[30,107992,107993,107995,107998,108001],{},[33,107994,102805],{},[33,107996,107997],{},"Returns the removed item",[33,107999,108000],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[33,108002,108003],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,108005,96087,108006,115],{},[260,108007,96091],{"href":97262},[46,108009,199],{"id":198},[51,108011,108013],{"className":53,"code":108012,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,108014,108015],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,108016,108017,108019,108021,108023],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,108018,15601],{"class":66},[60,108020,115],{"class":74},[60,108022,26174],{"class":118},[60,108024,8579],{"class":74},[20,108026,12989],{},[30,108028,108029,108035,108040],{},[33,108030,108031,108032],{},"The syntax is ",[15,108033,108034],{},"my_set.pop()",[33,108036,108037,108038],{},"It takes ",[3698,108039,28621],{},[33,108041,108042],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,108044,238],{},[51,108046,108048],{"className":53,"code":108047,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108049,108050,108082,108096,108100,108110],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,108051,108052,108054,108056,108058,108060,108062,108064,108066,108068,108070,108072,108074,108076,108078,108080],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,108053,377],{"class":66},[60,108055,71],{"class":70},[60,108057,10426],{"class":74},[60,108059,256],{"class":255},[60,108061,386],{"class":259},[60,108063,256],{"class":255},[60,108065,82],{"class":74},[60,108067,267],{"class":255},[60,108069,395],{"class":259},[60,108071,256],{"class":255},[60,108073,82],{"class":74},[60,108075,267],{"class":255},[60,108077,404],{"class":259},[60,108079,256],{"class":255},[60,108081,9244],{"class":74},[60,108083,108084,108086,108088,108090,108092,108094],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,108085,28471],{"class":66},[60,108087,71],{"class":70},[60,108089,13058],{"class":66},[60,108091,115],{"class":74},[60,108093,26174],{"class":118},[60,108095,8579],{"class":74},[60,108097,108098],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,108099,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,108101,108102,108104,108106,108108],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,108103,135],{"class":134},[60,108105,122],{"class":74},[60,108107,1728],{"class":118},[60,108109,128],{"class":74},[60,108111,108112,108114,108116,108118],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,108113,135],{"class":134},[60,108115,122],{"class":74},[60,108117,431],{"class":118},[60,108119,128],{"class":74},[46,108121,108123],{"id":108122},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,108125,108126],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,108128,2075],{},[30,108130,108131,108137,108140],{},[33,108132,108133,108134,108136],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,108135,12699],{}," removes",[33,108138,108139],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[33,108141,108142,108143,108145],{},"You should not use ",[15,108144,12699],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,108147,10396,108148,108150],{},[3698,108149,4581],{}," valid:",[51,108152,108154],{"className":53,"code":108153,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,108155,108156,108188],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,108157,108158,108160,108162,108164,108166,108168,108170,108172,108174,108176,108178,108180,108182,108184,108186],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,108159,36173],{"class":66},[60,108161,71],{"class":70},[60,108163,10426],{"class":74},[60,108165,256],{"class":255},[60,108167,575],{"class":259},[60,108169,256],{"class":255},[60,108171,82],{"class":74},[60,108173,267],{"class":255},[60,108175,1392],{"class":259},[60,108177,256],{"class":255},[60,108179,82],{"class":74},[60,108181,267],{"class":255},[60,108183,4048],{"class":259},[60,108185,256],{"class":255},[60,108187,9244],{"class":74},[60,108189,108190,108192,108194,108196,108198,108200,108202,108204],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,108191,36225],{"class":66},[60,108193,115],{"class":74},[60,108195,26174],{"class":118},[60,108197,122],{"class":74},[60,108199,256],{"class":255},[60,108201,575],{"class":259},[60,108203,256],{"class":255},[60,108205,128],{"class":74},[20,108207,39587,108208,108210],{},[15,108209,107864],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,108212,108213,108214,1460,108218,115],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[260,108215,108216],{"href":97972},[15,108217,102631],{},[260,108219,108221],{"href":108220},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,108222,102622],{},[46,108224,108226],{"id":108225},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,108228,108229],{},"Here is a simple example:",[51,108231,108233],{"className":53,"code":108232,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,108234,108235,108269,108273,108289,108293,108312],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,108236,108237,108240,108242,108244,108246,108248,108250,108252,108254,108256,108258,108260,108262,108265,108267],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,108238,108239],{"class":66},"animals ",[60,108241,71],{"class":70},[60,108243,10426],{"class":74},[60,108245,256],{"class":255},[60,108247,959],{"class":259},[60,108249,256],{"class":255},[60,108251,82],{"class":74},[60,108253,267],{"class":255},[60,108255,968],{"class":259},[60,108257,256],{"class":255},[60,108259,82],{"class":74},[60,108261,267],{"class":255},[60,108263,108264],{"class":259},"rabbit",[60,108266,256],{"class":255},[60,108268,9244],{"class":74},[60,108270,108271],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,108272,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,108274,108275,108278,108280,108283,108285,108287],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,108276,108277],{"class":66},"removed_animal ",[60,108279,71],{"class":70},[60,108281,108282],{"class":66}," animals",[60,108284,115],{"class":74},[60,108286,26174],{"class":118},[60,108288,8579],{"class":74},[60,108290,108291],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,108292,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,108294,108295,108297,108299,108301,108303,108305,108307,108310],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,108296,135],{"class":134},[60,108298,122],{"class":74},[60,108300,256],{"class":255},[60,108302,28889],{"class":259},[60,108304,256],{"class":255},[60,108306,82],{"class":74},[60,108308,108309],{"class":118}," removed_animal",[60,108311,128],{"class":74},[60,108313,108314,108316,108318,108320,108323,108325,108327,108329],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,108315,135],{"class":134},[60,108317,122],{"class":74},[60,108319,256],{"class":255},[60,108321,108322],{"class":259},"Updated set:",[60,108324,256],{"class":255},[60,108326,82],{"class":74},[60,108328,108282],{"class":118},[60,108330,128],{"class":74},[20,108332,29961],{},[51,108334,108336],{"className":53,"code":108335,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,108337,108338,108347],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,108339,108340,108342,108344],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,108341,28931],{"class":66},[60,108343,166],{"class":74},[60,108345,108346],{"class":66}," dog\n",[60,108348,108349,108352,108354,108356,108358,108360,108362,108364,108366,108368,108370,108372],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,108350,108351],{"class":66},"Updated ",[60,108353,6228],{"class":1656},[60,108355,166],{"class":74},[60,108357,10426],{"class":74},[60,108359,3261],{"class":255},[60,108361,959],{"class":259},[60,108363,3261],{"class":255},[60,108365,82],{"class":74},[60,108367,3256],{"class":255},[60,108369,108264],{"class":259},[60,108371,3261],{"class":255},[60,108373,9244],{"class":74},[20,108375,108376],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[46,108378,108380],{"id":108379},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,108382,1626,108383,108385,108386,115],{},[15,108384,12699],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,108387,19621],{},[20,108389,238],{},[51,108391,108393],{"className":53,"code":108392,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,108394,108395,108405],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,108396,108397,108399,108401,108403],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,108398,777],{"class":66},[60,108400,71],{"class":70},[60,108402,15568],{"class":1656},[60,108404,8579],{"class":74},[60,108406,108407,108409,108411,108413],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,108408,828],{"class":66},[60,108410,115],{"class":74},[60,108412,26174],{"class":118},[60,108414,8579],{"class":74},[20,108416,108417],{},"This raises:",[51,108419,108421],{"className":53,"code":108420,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,108422,108423],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,108424,108425,108427,108429,108431,108434],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,108426,19621],{"class":1656},[60,108428,166],{"class":74},[60,108430,3256],{"class":255},[60,108432,108433],{"class":259},"pop from an empty set",[60,108435,29631],{"class":255},[20,108437,108438,108439,108442],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[260,108440,108441],{"href":11010},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[553,108444,108446,108447],{"id":108445},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,108448,12699],{},[20,108450,108451],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[51,108453,108455],{"className":53,"code":108454,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,108456,108457,108467,108471,108479,108494,108513,108519],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,108458,108459,108461,108463,108465],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,108460,777],{"class":66},[60,108462,71],{"class":70},[60,108464,15568],{"class":1656},[60,108466,8579],{"class":74},[60,108468,108469],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,108470,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,108472,108473,108475,108477],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,108474,6939],{"class":1537},[60,108476,5910],{"class":66},[60,108478,1712],{"class":74},[60,108480,108481,108484,108486,108488,108490,108492],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,108482,108483],{"class":66},"    removed ",[60,108485,71],{"class":70},[60,108487,5910],{"class":66},[60,108489,115],{"class":74},[60,108491,26174],{"class":118},[60,108493,8579],{"class":74},[60,108495,108496,108498,108500,108502,108504,108506,108508,108511],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,108497,1718],{"class":134},[60,108499,122],{"class":74},[60,108501,256],{"class":255},[60,108503,28889],{"class":259},[60,108505,256],{"class":255},[60,108507,82],{"class":74},[60,108509,108510],{"class":118}," removed",[60,108512,128],{"class":74},[60,108514,108515,108517],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,108516,27367],{"class":1537},[60,108518,1712],{"class":74},[60,108520,108521,108523,108525,108527,108530,108532],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,108522,1718],{"class":134},[60,108524,122],{"class":74},[60,108526,256],{"class":255},[60,108528,108529],{"class":259},"The set is empty.",[60,108531,256],{"class":255},[60,108533,128],{"class":74},[553,108535,150,108537,544,108539],{"id":108536},"use-try-and-except",[15,108538,29735],{},[15,108540,29766],{},[20,108542,108543],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[51,108545,108547],{"className":53,"code":108546,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,108548,108549,108559,108563,108569,108583,108601,108609],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,108550,108551,108553,108555,108557],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,108552,777],{"class":66},[60,108554,71],{"class":70},[60,108556,15568],{"class":1656},[60,108558,8579],{"class":74},[60,108560,108561],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,108562,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,108564,108565,108567],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,108566,29735],{"class":1537},[60,108568,1712],{"class":74},[60,108570,108571,108573,108575,108577,108579,108581],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,108572,108483],{"class":66},[60,108574,71],{"class":70},[60,108576,5910],{"class":66},[60,108578,115],{"class":74},[60,108580,26174],{"class":118},[60,108582,8579],{"class":74},[60,108584,108585,108587,108589,108591,108593,108595,108597,108599],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,108586,1718],{"class":134},[60,108588,122],{"class":74},[60,108590,256],{"class":255},[60,108592,28889],{"class":259},[60,108594,256],{"class":255},[60,108596,82],{"class":74},[60,108598,108510],{"class":118},[60,108600,128],{"class":74},[60,108602,108603,108605,108607],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,108604,29766],{"class":1537},[60,108606,29769],{"class":1656},[60,108608,1712],{"class":74},[60,108610,108611,108613,108615,108617,108620,108622],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,108612,1718],{"class":134},[60,108614,122],{"class":74},[60,108616,256],{"class":255},[60,108618,108619],{"class":259},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[60,108621,256],{"class":255},[60,108623,128],{"class":74},[46,108625,1221,108627,10521,108629,10521,108631],{"id":108626},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,108628,12699],{},[15,108630,55451],{},[15,108632,102617],{},[20,108634,108635],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[553,108637,150,108639],{"id":108638},"use-pop",[15,108640,12699],{},[20,108642,150,108643,10537],{},[15,108644,12699],{},[30,108646,108647,108653,108656],{},[33,108648,108649,108650],{},"You want to remove ",[3698,108651,108652],{},"any one item",[33,108654,108655],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[33,108657,108658],{},"You want the removed item returned",[51,108660,108662],{"className":53,"code":108661,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,108663,108664,108684,108698],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,108665,108666,108668,108670,108672,108674,108676,108678,108680,108682],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,108667,67],{"class":66},[60,108669,71],{"class":70},[60,108671,10426],{"class":74},[60,108673,79],{"class":78},[60,108675,82],{"class":74},[60,108677,85],{"class":78},[60,108679,82],{"class":74},[60,108681,94],{"class":78},[60,108683,9244],{"class":74},[60,108685,108686,108688,108690,108692,108694,108696],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,108687,1690],{"class":66},[60,108689,71],{"class":70},[60,108691,112],{"class":66},[60,108693,115],{"class":74},[60,108695,26174],{"class":118},[60,108697,8579],{"class":74},[60,108699,108700,108702,108704,108706],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,108701,135],{"class":134},[60,108703,122],{"class":74},[60,108705,221],{"class":118},[60,108707,128],{"class":74},[553,108709,150,108711],{"id":108710},"use-remove",[15,108712,55451],{},[20,108714,150,108715,10537],{},[15,108716,55451],{},[30,108718,108719,108725],{},[33,108720,108721,108722],{},"You want to delete a ",[3698,108723,108724],{},"specific item",[33,108726,108727],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[51,108729,108731],{"className":53,"code":108730,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108732,108733,108753,108767],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,108734,108735,108737,108739,108741,108743,108745,108747,108749,108751],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,108736,67],{"class":66},[60,108738,71],{"class":70},[60,108740,10426],{"class":74},[60,108742,79],{"class":78},[60,108744,82],{"class":74},[60,108746,85],{"class":78},[60,108748,82],{"class":74},[60,108750,94],{"class":78},[60,108752,9244],{"class":74},[60,108754,108755,108757,108759,108761,108763,108765],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,108756,1506],{"class":66},[60,108758,115],{"class":74},[60,108760,34728],{"class":118},[60,108762,122],{"class":74},[60,108764,125],{"class":78},[60,108766,128],{"class":74},[60,108768,108769,108771,108773,108775],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,108770,135],{"class":134},[60,108772,122],{"class":74},[60,108774,1506],{"class":118},[60,108776,128],{"class":74},[20,108778,108779,108780,108782,108783,108787],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,108781,55451],{}," raises an error. See the ",[260,108784,108785,1869],{"href":97972},[15,108786,102631],{}," for details.",[553,108789,150,108791],{"id":108790},"use-discard",[15,108792,102617],{},[20,108794,150,108795,10537],{},[15,108796,102617],{},[30,108798,108799,108803],{},[33,108800,108721,108801],{},[3698,108802,108724],{},[33,108804,108805,108806,108808],{},"You do ",[3698,108807,4581],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[51,108810,108812],{"className":53,"code":108811,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108813,108814,108834,108848],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,108815,108816,108818,108820,108822,108824,108826,108828,108830,108832],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,108817,67],{"class":66},[60,108819,71],{"class":70},[60,108821,10426],{"class":74},[60,108823,79],{"class":78},[60,108825,82],{"class":74},[60,108827,85],{"class":78},[60,108829,82],{"class":74},[60,108831,94],{"class":78},[60,108833,9244],{"class":74},[60,108835,108836,108838,108840,108842,108844,108846],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,108837,1506],{"class":66},[60,108839,115],{"class":74},[60,108841,102684],{"class":118},[60,108843,122],{"class":74},[60,108845,1086],{"class":78},[60,108847,128],{"class":74},[60,108849,108850,108852,108854,108856],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,108851,135],{"class":134},[60,108853,122],{"class":74},[60,108855,1506],{"class":118},[60,108857,128],{"class":74},[20,108859,108860,108861,108863,108864,108868],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,108862,1086],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[260,108865,108866,1869],{"href":108220},[15,108867,102622],{}," for more examples.",[46,108870,1351],{"id":1350},[20,108872,71240,108873,166],{},[15,108874,107864],{},[30,108876,108877,108883,108888,108893],{},[33,108878,108879,108880],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,108881,108882],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[33,108884,1454,108885,108887],{},[15,108886,12699],{}," to remove the first or last item",[33,108889,1626,108890,108892],{},[15,108891,12699],{}," on an empty set",[33,108894,8356,108895,108897],{},[15,108896,12699],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,108899,62054],{},[51,108901,108903],{"className":53,"code":108902,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,108904,108905,108915,108929,108943],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,108906,108907,108909,108911,108913],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,108908,135],{"class":134},[60,108910,122],{"class":74},[60,108912,15601],{"class":118},[60,108914,128],{"class":74},[60,108916,108917,108919,108921,108923,108925,108927],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,108918,135],{"class":134},[60,108920,122],{"class":74},[60,108922,11097],{"class":134},[60,108924,122],{"class":74},[60,108926,15601],{"class":118},[60,108928,315],{"class":74},[60,108930,108931,108933,108935,108937,108939,108941],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,108932,135],{"class":134},[60,108934,122],{"class":74},[60,108936,1657],{"class":1656},[60,108938,122],{"class":74},[60,108940,15601],{"class":118},[60,108942,315],{"class":74},[60,108944,108945,108947,108949,108951,108953,108955],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,108946,28471],{"class":66},[60,108948,71],{"class":70},[60,108950,96687],{"class":66},[60,108952,115],{"class":74},[60,108954,26174],{"class":118},[60,108956,8579],{"class":74},[20,108958,25941],{},[30,108960,108961,108964,108967,108970],{},[33,108962,108963],{},"What values are in the set",[33,108965,108966],{},"Whether the set is empty",[33,108968,108969],{},"That the object is really a set",[33,108971,108972],{},"What value was actually removed",[46,108974,1773],{"id":1772},[553,108976,1777,108978,108980],{"id":108977},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,108979,107864],{}," remove the first item?",[20,108982,108983,108984,108986],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,108985,12699],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[553,108988,108990,108991,1435],{"id":108989},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,108992,107864],{},[20,108994,108995,108996,108998,108999,109001],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,108997,12699],{},", set ",[15,109000,12699],{}," does not accept an index.",[553,109003,109005],{"id":109004},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,109007,71409,109008,44561,109010,109012],{},[15,109009,19621],{},[15,109011,12699],{}," is called on an empty set.",[553,109014,109016],{"id":109015},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,109018,150,109019,1460,109021,11028,109023,115],{},[15,109020,55451],{},[15,109022,102617],{},[15,109024,12699],{},[46,109026,1842],{"id":1841},[30,109028,109029,109033,109039,109045,109049],{},[33,109030,109031],{},[260,109032,96091],{"href":97262},[33,109034,109035],{},[260,109036,96577,109037,1869],{"href":97972},[15,109038,55451],{},[33,109040,109041],{},[260,109042,96577,109043,1869],{"href":108220},[15,109044,102617],{},[33,109046,109047],{},[260,109048,11198],{"href":11010},[33,109050,109051],{},[260,109052,55438],{"href":54990},[1885,109054,109055],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":109057},[109058,109059,109061,109062,109063,109064,109070,109079,109080,109088],{"id":1971,"depth":104,"text":1972},{"id":107984,"depth":104,"text":109060},"What set.pop() does",{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199},{"id":108122,"depth":104,"text":108123},{"id":108225,"depth":104,"text":108226},{"id":108379,"depth":104,"text":108380,"children":109065},[109066,109068],{"id":108445,"depth":131,"text":109067},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108536,"depth":131,"text":109069},"Use try and except",{"id":108626,"depth":104,"text":109071,"children":109072},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109073,109075,109077],{"id":108638,"depth":131,"text":109074},"Use pop()",{"id":108710,"depth":131,"text":109076},"Use remove()",{"id":108790,"depth":131,"text":109078},"Use discard()",{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":109081},[109082,109084,109086,109087],{"id":108977,"depth":131,"text":109083},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":108989,"depth":131,"text":109085},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109004,"depth":131,"text":109005},{"id":109015,"depth":131,"text":109016},{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":107852,"description":109089},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109096,"title":109097,"body":109098,"description":110252,"extension":1930,"meta":110253,"navigation":421,"path":110254,"seo":110255,"stem":110256,"__hash__":110257},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109099,"toc":110220},[109100,109105,109110,109119,109121,109186,109190,109214,109221,109226,109230,109245,109248,109250,109269,109283,109286,109334,109338,109354,109356,109429,109433,109458,109464,109472,109476,109483,109538,109543,109560,109566,109572,109577,109585,109592,109596,109604,109659,109661,109678,109682,109689,109754,109758,109791,109793,109805,109812,109814,109819,109826,109828,109897,109901,109909,109911,109975,109979,109984,110031,110036,110104,110112,110119,110122,110128,110133,110137,110139,110142,110144,110149,110154,110160,110165,110172,110180,110186,110189,110191,110217],[10,109101,95963,109103,18],{"id":109102},"python-set-remove-method",[15,109104,55451],{},[20,109106,109107,109109],{},[15,109108,102631],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,109111,109112,109113,109116,109117,115],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[3698,109114,109115],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,109118,19621],{},[46,109120,1972],{"id":1971},[51,109122,109124],{"className":53,"code":109123,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,109125,109126,109158,109176],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,109127,109128,109130,109132,109134,109136,109138,109140,109142,109144,109146,109148,109150,109152,109154,109156],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,109129,377],{"class":66},[60,109131,71],{"class":70},[60,109133,10426],{"class":74},[60,109135,256],{"class":255},[60,109137,386],{"class":259},[60,109139,256],{"class":255},[60,109141,82],{"class":74},[60,109143,267],{"class":255},[60,109145,395],{"class":259},[60,109147,256],{"class":255},[60,109149,82],{"class":74},[60,109151,267],{"class":255},[60,109153,404],{"class":259},[60,109155,256],{"class":255},[60,109157,9244],{"class":74},[60,109159,109160,109162,109164,109166,109168,109170,109172,109174],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,109161,431],{"class":66},[60,109163,115],{"class":74},[60,109165,34728],{"class":118},[60,109167,122],{"class":74},[60,109169,256],{"class":255},[60,109171,395],{"class":259},[60,109173,256],{"class":255},[60,109175,128],{"class":74},[60,109177,109178,109180,109182,109184],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,109179,135],{"class":134},[60,109181,122],{"class":74},[60,109183,431],{"class":118},[60,109185,128],{"class":74},[20,109187,109188],{},[3698,109189,29961],{},[51,109191,109192],{"className":53,"code":103311,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,109193,109194],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,109195,109196,109198,109200,109202,109204,109206,109208,109210,109212],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,109197,9213],{"class":74},[60,109199,3261],{"class":255},[60,109201,386],{"class":259},[60,109203,3261],{"class":255},[60,109205,82],{"class":74},[60,109207,3256],{"class":255},[60,109209,404],{"class":259},[60,109211,3261],{"class":255},[60,109213,9244],{"class":74},[20,109215,150,109216,109218,109219,115],{},[15,109217,55451],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,109220,19621],{},[46,109222,158,109224,161],{"id":109223},"what-setremove-does",[15,109225,102631],{},[20,109227,109228,166],{},[15,109229,102631],{},[30,109231,109232,109235,109237,109239],{},[33,109233,109234],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[33,109236,96078],{},[33,109238,96081],{},[33,109240,109241,109242,109244],{},"Raises ",[15,109243,19621],{}," if the value is missing",[20,109246,109247],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[46,109249,199],{"id":198},[51,109251,109253],{"className":53,"code":109252,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,109254,109255],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,109256,109257,109259,109261,109263,109265,109267],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,109258,15601],{"class":66},[60,109260,115],{"class":74},[60,109262,34728],{"class":118},[60,109264,122],{"class":74},[60,109266,221],{"class":118},[60,109268,128],{"class":74},[30,109270,109271,109275,109280],{},[33,109272,109273,102853],{},[15,109274,15601],{},[33,109276,109277,109279],{},[15,109278,221],{}," is the item to remove",[33,109281,109282],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,109284,109285],{},"Here is a small example:",[51,109287,109288],{"className":53,"code":108730,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,109289,109290,109310,109324],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,109291,109292,109294,109296,109298,109300,109302,109304,109306,109308],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,109293,67],{"class":66},[60,109295,71],{"class":70},[60,109297,10426],{"class":74},[60,109299,79],{"class":78},[60,109301,82],{"class":74},[60,109303,85],{"class":78},[60,109305,82],{"class":74},[60,109307,94],{"class":78},[60,109309,9244],{"class":74},[60,109311,109312,109314,109316,109318,109320,109322],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,109313,1506],{"class":66},[60,109315,115],{"class":74},[60,109317,34728],{"class":118},[60,109319,122],{"class":74},[60,109321,125],{"class":78},[60,109323,128],{"class":74},[60,109325,109326,109328,109330,109332],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,109327,135],{"class":134},[60,109329,122],{"class":74},[60,109331,1506],{"class":118},[60,109333,128],{"class":74},[20,109335,109336],{},[3698,109337,29961],{},[51,109339,109340],{"className":53,"code":101061,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,109341,109342],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,109343,109344,109346,109348,109350,109352],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,109345,9213],{"class":74},[60,109347,79],{"class":78},[60,109349,82],{"class":74},[60,109351,94],{"class":78},[60,109353,9244],{"class":74},[46,109355,11411],{"id":11410},[51,109357,109359],{"className":53,"code":109358,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,109360,109361,109393,109397,109415,109419],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,109362,109363,109365,109367,109369,109371,109373,109375,109377,109379,109381,109383,109385,109387,109389,109391],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,109364,36173],{"class":66},[60,109366,71],{"class":70},[60,109368,10426],{"class":74},[60,109370,256],{"class":255},[60,109372,575],{"class":259},[60,109374,256],{"class":255},[60,109376,82],{"class":74},[60,109378,267],{"class":255},[60,109380,1392],{"class":259},[60,109382,256],{"class":255},[60,109384,82],{"class":74},[60,109386,267],{"class":255},[60,109388,33154],{"class":259},[60,109390,256],{"class":255},[60,109392,9244],{"class":74},[60,109394,109395],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,109396,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,109398,109399,109401,109403,109405,109407,109409,109411,109413],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,109400,36225],{"class":66},[60,109402,115],{"class":74},[60,109404,34728],{"class":118},[60,109406,122],{"class":74},[60,109408,256],{"class":255},[60,109410,1392],{"class":259},[60,109412,256],{"class":255},[60,109414,128],{"class":74},[60,109416,109417],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,109418,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,109420,109421,109423,109425,109427],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,109422,135],{"class":134},[60,109424,122],{"class":74},[60,109426,36225],{"class":118},[60,109428,128],{"class":74},[20,109430,109431],{},[3698,109432,29961],{},[51,109434,109436],{"className":53,"code":109435,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,109437,109438],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,109439,109440,109442,109444,109446,109448,109450,109452,109454,109456],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,109441,9213],{"class":74},[60,109443,3261],{"class":255},[60,109445,575],{"class":259},[60,109447,3261],{"class":255},[60,109449,82],{"class":74},[60,109451,3256],{"class":255},[60,109453,33154],{"class":259},[60,109455,3261],{"class":255},[60,109457,9244],{"class":74},[20,109459,109460,109461,109463],{},"This removes ",[15,109462,65034],{}," from the set.",[20,109465,109466,109467,109469,109470,115],{},"A set does ",[3698,109468,4581],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[260,109471,96095],{"href":97646},[46,109473,109475],{"id":109474},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,109477,109478,109479,52421,109481,115],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,109480,55451],{},[15,109482,19621],{},[51,109484,109486],{"className":53,"code":109485,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,109487,109488,109520],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,109489,109490,109492,109494,109496,109498,109500,109502,109504,109506,109508,109510,109512,109514,109516,109518],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,109491,377],{"class":66},[60,109493,71],{"class":70},[60,109495,10426],{"class":74},[60,109497,256],{"class":255},[60,109499,386],{"class":259},[60,109501,256],{"class":255},[60,109503,82],{"class":74},[60,109505,267],{"class":255},[60,109507,395],{"class":259},[60,109509,256],{"class":255},[60,109511,82],{"class":74},[60,109513,267],{"class":255},[60,109515,404],{"class":259},[60,109517,256],{"class":255},[60,109519,9244],{"class":74},[60,109521,109522,109524,109526,109528,109530,109532,109534,109536],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,109523,431],{"class":66},[60,109525,115],{"class":74},[60,109527,34728],{"class":118},[60,109529,122],{"class":74},[60,109531,256],{"class":255},[60,109533,495],{"class":259},[60,109535,256],{"class":255},[60,109537,128],{"class":74},[20,109539,109540],{},[3698,109541,109542],{},"Result:",[51,109544,109546],{"className":53,"code":109545,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,109547,109548],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,109549,109550,109552,109554,109556,109558],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,109551,19621],{"class":1656},[60,109553,166],{"class":74},[60,109555,3256],{"class":255},[60,109557,495],{"class":259},[60,109559,29631],{"class":255},[20,109561,22122,109562,109565],{},[15,109563,109564],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,109567,109568,109569,109571],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,109570,55451],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,109573,109574,109575,115],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[260,109576,11198],{"href":11010},[46,109578,4149,109580,109582,109583],{"id":109579},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,109581,55451],{}," is different from ",[15,109584,102617],{},[20,109586,109587,544,109589,109591],{},[15,109588,55451],{},[15,109590,102617],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[553,109593,109594],{"id":34728},[15,109595,55451],{},[30,109597,109598,109601],{},[33,109599,109600],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[33,109602,109603],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[51,109605,109607],{"className":53,"code":109606,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,109608,109609,109641],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,109610,109611,109613,109615,109617,109619,109621,109623,109625,109627,109629,109631,109633,109635,109637,109639],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,109612,248],{"class":66},[60,109614,71],{"class":70},[60,109616,10426],{"class":74},[60,109618,256],{"class":255},[60,109620,260],{"class":259},[60,109622,256],{"class":255},[60,109624,82],{"class":74},[60,109626,267],{"class":255},[60,109628,270],{"class":259},[60,109630,256],{"class":255},[60,109632,82],{"class":74},[60,109634,267],{"class":255},[60,109636,287],{"class":259},[60,109638,256],{"class":255},[60,109640,9244],{"class":74},[60,109642,109643,109645,109647,109649,109651,109653,109655,109657],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,109644,300],{"class":66},[60,109646,115],{"class":74},[60,109648,34728],{"class":118},[60,109650,122],{"class":74},[60,109652,256],{"class":255},[60,109654,18701],{"class":259},[60,109656,256],{"class":255},[60,109658,128],{"class":74},[20,109660,108417],{},[51,109662,109664],{"className":53,"code":109663,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,109665,109666],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,109667,109668,109670,109672,109674,109676],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,109669,19621],{"class":1656},[60,109671,166],{"class":74},[60,109673,3256],{"class":255},[60,109675,18701],{"class":259},[60,109677,29631],{"class":255},[553,109679,109680],{"id":102684},[15,109681,102617],{},[30,109683,109684,109686],{},[33,109685,109600],{},[33,109687,109688],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[51,109690,109692],{"className":53,"code":109691,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,109693,109694,109726,109744],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,109695,109696,109698,109700,109702,109704,109706,109708,109710,109712,109714,109716,109718,109720,109722,109724],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,109697,248],{"class":66},[60,109699,71],{"class":70},[60,109701,10426],{"class":74},[60,109703,256],{"class":255},[60,109705,260],{"class":259},[60,109707,256],{"class":255},[60,109709,82],{"class":74},[60,109711,267],{"class":255},[60,109713,270],{"class":259},[60,109715,256],{"class":255},[60,109717,82],{"class":74},[60,109719,267],{"class":255},[60,109721,287],{"class":259},[60,109723,256],{"class":255},[60,109725,9244],{"class":74},[60,109727,109728,109730,109732,109734,109736,109738,109740,109742],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,109729,300],{"class":66},[60,109731,115],{"class":74},[60,109733,102684],{"class":118},[60,109735,122],{"class":74},[60,109737,256],{"class":255},[60,109739,18701],{"class":259},[60,109741,256],{"class":255},[60,109743,128],{"class":74},[60,109745,109746,109748,109750,109752],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,109747,135],{"class":134},[60,109749,122],{"class":74},[60,109751,300],{"class":118},[60,109753,128],{"class":74},[20,109755,109756],{},[3698,109757,318],{},[51,109759,109761],{"className":53,"code":109760,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,109762,109763],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,109764,109765,109767,109769,109771,109773,109775,109777,109779,109781,109783,109785,109787,109789],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,109766,9213],{"class":74},[60,109768,3261],{"class":255},[60,109770,260],{"class":259},[60,109772,3261],{"class":255},[60,109774,82],{"class":74},[60,109776,3256],{"class":255},[60,109778,270],{"class":259},[60,109780,3261],{"class":255},[60,109782,82],{"class":74},[60,109784,3256],{"class":255},[60,109786,287],{"class":259},[60,109788,3261],{"class":255},[60,109790,9244],{"class":74},[20,109792,18628],{},[30,109794,109795,109800],{},[33,109796,109797,109799],{},[15,109798,55451],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[33,109801,109802,109804],{},[15,109803,102617],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,109806,109807,109808,115],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[260,109809,96577,109810,1869],{"href":108220},[15,109811,102617],{},[46,109813,4468],{"id":4467},[553,109815,1454,109817,96957],{"id":109816},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,109818,55451],{},[20,109820,109821,109823,109824,115],{},[15,109822,55451],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,109825,3734],{},[20,109827,16579],{},[51,109829,109831],{"className":53,"code":109830,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,109832,109833,109865,109887],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,109834,109835,109837,109839,109841,109843,109845,109847,109849,109851,109853,109855,109857,109859,109861,109863],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,109836,377],{"class":66},[60,109838,71],{"class":70},[60,109840,10426],{"class":74},[60,109842,256],{"class":255},[60,109844,386],{"class":259},[60,109846,256],{"class":255},[60,109848,82],{"class":74},[60,109850,267],{"class":255},[60,109852,395],{"class":259},[60,109854,256],{"class":255},[60,109856,82],{"class":74},[60,109858,267],{"class":255},[60,109860,404],{"class":259},[60,109862,256],{"class":255},[60,109864,9244],{"class":74},[60,109866,109867,109869,109871,109873,109875,109877,109879,109881,109883,109885],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,109868,13053],{"class":66},[60,109870,71],{"class":70},[60,109872,13058],{"class":66},[60,109874,115],{"class":74},[60,109876,34728],{"class":118},[60,109878,122],{"class":74},[60,109880,256],{"class":255},[60,109882,395],{"class":259},[60,109884,256],{"class":255},[60,109886,128],{"class":74},[60,109888,109889,109891,109893,109895],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,109890,135],{"class":134},[60,109892,122],{"class":74},[60,109894,13077],{"class":118},[60,109896,128],{"class":74},[20,109898,109899],{},[3698,109900,318],{},[51,109902,109903],{"className":53,"code":11745,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,109904,109905],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,109906,109907],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,109908,11745],{"class":685},[20,109910,16591],{},[51,109912,109913],{"className":53,"code":109123,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,109914,109915,109947,109965],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,109916,109917,109919,109921,109923,109925,109927,109929,109931,109933,109935,109937,109939,109941,109943,109945],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,109918,377],{"class":66},[60,109920,71],{"class":70},[60,109922,10426],{"class":74},[60,109924,256],{"class":255},[60,109926,386],{"class":259},[60,109928,256],{"class":255},[60,109930,82],{"class":74},[60,109932,267],{"class":255},[60,109934,395],{"class":259},[60,109936,256],{"class":255},[60,109938,82],{"class":74},[60,109940,267],{"class":255},[60,109942,404],{"class":259},[60,109944,256],{"class":255},[60,109946,9244],{"class":74},[60,109948,109949,109951,109953,109955,109957,109959,109961,109963],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,109950,431],{"class":66},[60,109952,115],{"class":74},[60,109954,34728],{"class":118},[60,109956,122],{"class":74},[60,109958,256],{"class":255},[60,109960,395],{"class":259},[60,109962,256],{"class":255},[60,109964,128],{"class":74},[60,109966,109967,109969,109971,109973],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,109968,135],{"class":134},[60,109970,122],{"class":74},[60,109972,431],{"class":118},[60,109974,128],{"class":74},[553,109976,109978],{"id":109977},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,109980,109981,109982,115],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,109983,19621],{},[51,109985,109987],{"className":53,"code":109986,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,109988,109989,110013],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,109990,109991,109993,109995,109997,109999,110001,110003,110005,110007,110009,110011],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,109992,377],{"class":66},[60,109994,71],{"class":70},[60,109996,10426],{"class":74},[60,109998,256],{"class":255},[60,110000,386],{"class":259},[60,110002,256],{"class":255},[60,110004,82],{"class":74},[60,110006,267],{"class":255},[60,110008,395],{"class":259},[60,110010,256],{"class":255},[60,110012,9244],{"class":74},[60,110014,110015,110017,110019,110021,110023,110025,110027,110029],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,110016,431],{"class":66},[60,110018,115],{"class":74},[60,110020,34728],{"class":118},[60,110022,122],{"class":74},[60,110024,256],{"class":255},[60,110026,404],{"class":259},[60,110028,256],{"class":255},[60,110030,128],{"class":74},[20,110032,110033,110034,166],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,110035,511],{},[51,110037,110039],{"className":53,"code":110038,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110040,110041,110065,110069,110085],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,110042,110043,110045,110047,110049,110051,110053,110055,110057,110059,110061,110063],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,110044,377],{"class":66},[60,110046,71],{"class":70},[60,110048,10426],{"class":74},[60,110050,256],{"class":255},[60,110052,386],{"class":259},[60,110054,256],{"class":255},[60,110056,82],{"class":74},[60,110058,267],{"class":255},[60,110060,395],{"class":259},[60,110062,256],{"class":255},[60,110064,9244],{"class":74},[60,110066,110067],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,110068,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,110070,110071,110073,110075,110077,110079,110081,110083],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,110072,6939],{"class":1537},[60,110074,267],{"class":255},[60,110076,404],{"class":259},[60,110078,256],{"class":255},[60,110080,1538],{"class":70},[60,110082,13058],{"class":66},[60,110084,1712],{"class":74},[60,110086,110087,110090,110092,110094,110096,110098,110100,110102],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,110088,110089],{"class":66},"    colors",[60,110091,115],{"class":74},[60,110093,34728],{"class":118},[60,110095,122],{"class":74},[60,110097,256],{"class":255},[60,110099,404],{"class":259},[60,110101,256],{"class":255},[60,110103,128],{"class":74},[20,110105,110106,110107,110111],{},"Or use ",[260,110108,110109],{"href":108220},[15,110110,102617],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[553,110113,37138,110115,8640,110117],{"id":110114},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,110116,102631],{},[15,110118,54998],{},[20,110120,110121],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,110123,110124,110125,110127],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,110126,102631],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,110129,110130,110131,115],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[260,110132,98841],{"href":98840},[553,110134,110136],{"id":110135},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,110138,108126],{},[20,110140,110141],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[46,110143,1773],{"id":1772},[553,110145,1777,110147,97056],{"id":110146},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,110148,102631],{},[20,110150,110151,110152,115],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,110153,3734],{},[553,110155,30219,110157,110159],{"id":110156},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,110158,102631],{}," raise?",[20,110161,30225,110162,110164],{},[15,110163,19621],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[553,110166,21353,110168,1460,110170,1435],{"id":110167},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,110169,55451],{},[15,110171,102617],{},[20,110173,150,110174,110176,110177,110179],{},[15,110175,55451],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,110178,102617],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[553,110181,1796,110183,110185],{"id":110182},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,110184,102631],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,110187,110188],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[46,110190,1842],{"id":1841},[30,110192,110193,110199,110205,110209,110213],{},[33,110194,110195],{},[260,110196,96577,110197,1869],{"href":108220},[15,110198,102617],{},[33,110200,110201],{},[260,110202,96577,110203,1869],{"href":97977},[15,110204,12699],{},[33,110206,110207],{},[260,110208,97101],{"href":97646},[33,110210,110211],{},[260,110212,100107],{"href":98840},[33,110214,110215],{},[260,110216,11198],{"href":11010},[1885,110218,110219],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":110221},[110222,110223,110225,110226,110227,110228,110233,110241,110251],{"id":1971,"depth":104,"text":1972},{"id":109223,"depth":104,"text":110224},"What set.remove() does",{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199},{"id":11410,"depth":104,"text":11411},{"id":109474,"depth":104,"text":109475},{"id":109579,"depth":104,"text":110229,"children":110230},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110231,110232],{"id":34728,"depth":131,"text":55451},{"id":102684,"depth":131,"text":102617},{"id":4467,"depth":104,"text":4468,"children":110234},[110235,110237,110238,110240],{"id":109816,"depth":131,"text":110236},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":109977,"depth":131,"text":109978},{"id":110114,"depth":131,"text":110239},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110135,"depth":131,"text":110136},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":110242},[110243,110245,110247,110249],{"id":110146,"depth":131,"text":110244},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110156,"depth":131,"text":110246},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110167,"depth":131,"text":110248},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110182,"depth":131,"text":110250},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109097,"description":110252},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110259,"title":110260,"body":110261,"description":111634,"extension":1930,"meta":111635,"navigation":421,"path":111636,"seo":111637,"stem":111638,"__hash__":111639},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110262,"toc":111609},[110263,110269,110275,110278,110281,110295,110297,110378,110381,110386,110390,110404,110411,110413,110432,110435,110453,110455,110535,110537,110562,110566,110569,110577,110582,110587,110589,110602,110607,110610,110634,110637,110645,110647,110650,110747,110749,110782,110784,110810,110817,110820,110824,110832,110836,110844,110846,110936,110938,110952,110959,110964,110969,110971,111062,111064,111076,111078,111092,111098,111106,111108,111190,111192,111237,111240,111248,111251,111253,111257,111300,111302,111322,111327,111329,111414,111416,111421,111423,111430,111438,111444,111447,111449,111535,111537,111561,111565,111568,111570,111597,111607],[10,110264,95963,110266,18],{"id":110265},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,110267,110268],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,110270,110271,110274],{},[15,110272,110273],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,110276,110277],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,110279,110280],{},"Use it when:",[30,110282,110283,110286,110292],{},[33,110284,110285],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[33,110287,110288,110289,110291],{},"you do ",[3698,110290,4581],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[33,110293,110294],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[46,110296,49],{"id":48},[51,110298,110300],{"className":53,"code":110299,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110301,110302,110322,110342,110346,110365],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,110303,110304,110306,110308,110310,110312,110314,110316,110318,110320],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,110305,2515],{"class":66},[60,110307,71],{"class":70},[60,110309,10426],{"class":74},[60,110311,79],{"class":78},[60,110313,82],{"class":74},[60,110315,85],{"class":78},[60,110317,82],{"class":74},[60,110319,94],{"class":78},[60,110321,9244],{"class":74},[60,110323,110324,110326,110328,110330,110332,110334,110336,110338,110340],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,110325,2543],{"class":66},[60,110327,71],{"class":70},[60,110329,10426],{"class":74},[60,110331,189],{"class":78},[60,110333,82],{"class":74},[60,110335,800],{"class":78},[60,110337,82],{"class":74},[60,110339,4555],{"class":78},[60,110341,9244],{"class":74},[60,110343,110344],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,110345,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,110347,110348,110350,110352,110354,110356,110359,110361,110363],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,110349,107],{"class":66},[60,110351,71],{"class":70},[60,110353,56809],{"class":66},[60,110355,115],{"class":74},[60,110357,110358],{"class":118},"symmetric_difference",[60,110360,122],{"class":74},[60,110362,270],{"class":118},[60,110364,128],{"class":74},[60,110366,110367,110369,110371,110373,110375],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,110368,135],{"class":134},[60,110370,122],{"class":74},[60,110372,140],{"class":118},[60,110374,143],{"class":74},[60,110376,110377],{"class":146},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,110379,110380],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[46,110382,158,110384,161],{"id":110383},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,110385,110268],{},[20,110387,110388,166],{},[15,110389,110273],{},[30,110391,110392,110395,110398,110401],{},[33,110393,110394],{},"returns a new set",[33,110396,110397],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[33,110399,110400],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[33,110402,110403],{},"does not change the original set",[20,110405,96087,110406,1460,110408,115],{},[260,110407,96091],{"href":96090},[260,110409,110410],{"href":96094},"creating a set in Python",[46,110412,199],{"id":198},[51,110414,110416],{"className":53,"code":110415,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,110417,110418],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,110419,110420,110422,110424,110426,110428,110430],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,110421,100348],{"class":66},[60,110423,115],{"class":74},[60,110425,110358],{"class":118},[60,110427,122],{"class":74},[60,110429,100357],{"class":118},[60,110431,128],{"class":74},[20,110433,110434],{},"Notes:",[30,110436,110437,110442,110447,110450],{},[33,110438,110439,110441],{},[15,110440,100348],{}," must be a set",[33,110443,110444,110446],{},[15,110445,100357],{}," can be any iterable",[33,110448,110449],{},"the result is always a set",[33,110451,110452],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,110454,238],{},[51,110456,110458],{"className":53,"code":110457,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,110459,110460,110481,110502,110506,110525],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,110461,110462,110465,110467,110469,110471,110473,110475,110477,110479],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,110463,110464],{"class":66},"set1 ",[60,110466,71],{"class":70},[60,110468,10426],{"class":74},[60,110470,79],{"class":78},[60,110472,82],{"class":74},[60,110474,85],{"class":78},[60,110476,82],{"class":74},[60,110478,94],{"class":78},[60,110480,9244],{"class":74},[60,110482,110483,110486,110488,110490,110492,110494,110496,110498,110500],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,110484,110485],{"class":66},"set2 ",[60,110487,71],{"class":70},[60,110489,10426],{"class":74},[60,110491,189],{"class":78},[60,110493,82],{"class":74},[60,110495,800],{"class":78},[60,110497,82],{"class":74},[60,110499,4555],{"class":78},[60,110501,9244],{"class":74},[60,110503,110504],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,110505,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,110507,110508,110510,110512,110515,110517,110519,110521,110523],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,110509,107],{"class":66},[60,110511,71],{"class":70},[60,110513,110514],{"class":66}," set1",[60,110516,115],{"class":74},[60,110518,110358],{"class":118},[60,110520,122],{"class":74},[60,110522,100357],{"class":118},[60,110524,128],{"class":74},[60,110526,110527,110529,110531,110533],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,110528,135],{"class":134},[60,110530,122],{"class":74},[60,110532,140],{"class":118},[60,110534,128],{"class":74},[20,110536,318],{},[51,110538,110540],{"className":53,"code":110539,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110541,110542],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,110543,110544,110546,110548,110550,110552,110554,110556,110558,110560],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,110545,9213],{"class":74},[60,110547,79],{"class":78},[60,110549,82],{"class":74},[60,110551,85],{"class":78},[60,110553,82],{"class":74},[60,110555,800],{"class":78},[60,110557,82],{"class":74},[60,110559,4555],{"class":78},[60,110561,9244],{"class":74},[46,110563,110565],{"id":110564},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,110567,110568],{},"The result includes:",[30,110570,110571,110574],{},[33,110572,110573],{},"items only in the first set",[33,110575,110576],{},"items only in the second set",[20,110578,110579,110580,11019],{},"The result does ",[3698,110581,4581],{},[30,110583,110584],{},[33,110585,110586],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,110588,5418],{},[30,110590,110591,110596],{},[33,110592,110593,110594],{},"first set: ",[15,110595,100045],{},[33,110597,110598,110599],{},"second set: ",[15,110600,110601],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,110603,4003,110604,110606],{},[15,110605,189],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,110608,110609],{},"The output is:",[51,110611,110612],{"className":53,"code":110539,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,110613,110614],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,110615,110616,110618,110620,110622,110624,110626,110628,110630,110632],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,110617,9213],{"class":74},[60,110619,79],{"class":78},[60,110621,82],{"class":74},[60,110623,85],{"class":78},[60,110625,82],{"class":74},[60,110627,800],{"class":78},[60,110629,82],{"class":74},[60,110631,4555],{"class":78},[60,110633,9244],{"class":74},[20,110635,110636],{},"Also remember:",[30,110638,110639,110642],{},[33,110640,110641],{},"sets are unordered",[33,110643,110644],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[46,110646,11411],{"id":11410},[20,110648,110649],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[51,110651,110653],{"className":53,"code":110652,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,110654,110655,110687,110711,110715,110733,110737],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,110656,110657,110659,110661,110663,110665,110667,110669,110671,110673,110675,110677,110679,110681,110683,110685],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,110658,106788],{"class":66},[60,110660,71],{"class":70},[60,110662,10426],{"class":74},[60,110664,256],{"class":255},[60,110666,386],{"class":259},[60,110668,256],{"class":255},[60,110670,82],{"class":74},[60,110672,267],{"class":255},[60,110674,395],{"class":259},[60,110676,256],{"class":255},[60,110678,82],{"class":74},[60,110680,267],{"class":255},[60,110682,404],{"class":259},[60,110684,256],{"class":255},[60,110686,9244],{"class":74},[60,110688,110689,110691,110693,110695,110697,110699,110701,110703,110705,110707,110709],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,110690,106821],{"class":66},[60,110692,71],{"class":70},[60,110694,10426],{"class":74},[60,110696,256],{"class":255},[60,110698,404],{"class":259},[60,110700,256],{"class":255},[60,110702,82],{"class":74},[60,110704,267],{"class":255},[60,110706,495],{"class":259},[60,110708,256],{"class":255},[60,110710,9244],{"class":74},[60,110712,110713],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,110714,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,110716,110717,110719,110721,110723,110725,110727,110729,110731],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,110718,107],{"class":66},[60,110720,71],{"class":70},[60,110722,106863],{"class":66},[60,110724,115],{"class":74},[60,110726,110358],{"class":118},[60,110728,122],{"class":74},[60,110730,106872],{"class":118},[60,110732,128],{"class":74},[60,110734,110735],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,110736,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,110738,110739,110741,110743,110745],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,110740,135],{"class":134},[60,110742,122],{"class":74},[60,110744,140],{"class":118},[60,110746,128],{"class":74},[20,110748,318],{},[51,110750,110752],{"className":53,"code":110751,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,110753,110754],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,110755,110756,110758,110760,110762,110764,110766,110768,110770,110772,110774,110776,110778,110780],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,110757,9213],{"class":74},[60,110759,3261],{"class":255},[60,110761,386],{"class":259},[60,110763,3261],{"class":255},[60,110765,82],{"class":74},[60,110767,3256],{"class":255},[60,110769,395],{"class":259},[60,110771,3261],{"class":255},[60,110773,82],{"class":74},[60,110775,3256],{"class":255},[60,110777,495],{"class":259},[60,110779,3261],{"class":255},[60,110781,9244],{"class":74},[20,110783,13344],{},[30,110785,110786,110791,110802],{},[33,110787,110788,110790],{},[15,110789,96256],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[33,110792,110793,544,110795,110798,110799,110801],{},[15,110794,65152],{},[15,110796,110797],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,110800,106925],{},", so they stay",[33,110803,110804,110806,110807,110809],{},[15,110805,109564],{}," is only in ",[15,110808,106872],{},", so it stays",[46,110811,110813,10521,110815],{"id":110812},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,110814,110268],{},[15,110816,100177],{},[20,110818,110819],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,110821,110822,166],{},[15,110823,100177],{},[30,110825,110826,110829],{},[33,110827,110828],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[33,110830,110831],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,110833,110834,166],{},[15,110835,110268],{},[30,110837,110838,110841],{},[33,110839,110840],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[33,110842,110843],{},"removes shared items",[20,110845,238],{},[51,110847,110849],{"className":53,"code":110848,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110850,110851,110871,110891,110895,110916],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,110852,110853,110855,110857,110859,110861,110863,110865,110867,110869],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,110854,2515],{"class":66},[60,110856,71],{"class":70},[60,110858,10426],{"class":74},[60,110860,79],{"class":78},[60,110862,82],{"class":74},[60,110864,85],{"class":78},[60,110866,82],{"class":74},[60,110868,94],{"class":78},[60,110870,9244],{"class":74},[60,110872,110873,110875,110877,110879,110881,110883,110885,110887,110889],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,110874,2543],{"class":66},[60,110876,71],{"class":70},[60,110878,10426],{"class":74},[60,110880,189],{"class":78},[60,110882,82],{"class":74},[60,110884,800],{"class":78},[60,110886,82],{"class":74},[60,110888,4555],{"class":78},[60,110890,9244],{"class":74},[60,110892,110893],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,110894,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,110896,110897,110899,110901,110903,110905,110907,110909,110911,110913],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,110898,135],{"class":134},[60,110900,122],{"class":74},[60,110902,260],{"class":118},[60,110904,115],{"class":74},[60,110906,2773],{"class":118},[60,110908,122],{"class":74},[60,110910,270],{"class":118},[60,110912,446],{"class":74},[60,110914,110915],{"class":146},"            # {1, 2}\n",[60,110917,110918,110920,110922,110924,110926,110928,110930,110932,110934],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,110919,135],{"class":134},[60,110921,122],{"class":74},[60,110923,260],{"class":118},[60,110925,115],{"class":74},[60,110927,110358],{"class":118},[60,110929,122],{"class":74},[60,110931,270],{"class":118},[60,110933,446],{"class":74},[60,110935,110377],{"class":146},[20,110937,18628],{},[30,110939,110940,110947],{},[33,110941,110942,110946],{},[260,110943,110944],{"href":102603},[15,110945,100177],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[33,110948,110949,110951],{},[15,110950,110268],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[46,110953,110955,10521,110957],{"id":110954},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,110956,110268],{},[15,110958,102562],{},[20,110960,110961,110963],{},[15,110962,102562],{}," combines both sets.",[20,110965,110966,110968],{},[15,110967,110268],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,110970,238],{},[51,110972,110974],{"className":53,"code":110973,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110975,110976,110996,111016,111020,111042],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,110977,110978,110980,110982,110984,110986,110988,110990,110992,110994],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,110979,2515],{"class":66},[60,110981,71],{"class":70},[60,110983,10426],{"class":74},[60,110985,79],{"class":78},[60,110987,82],{"class":74},[60,110989,85],{"class":78},[60,110991,82],{"class":74},[60,110993,94],{"class":78},[60,110995,9244],{"class":74},[60,110997,110998,111000,111002,111004,111006,111008,111010,111012,111014],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,110999,2543],{"class":66},[60,111001,71],{"class":70},[60,111003,10426],{"class":74},[60,111005,189],{"class":78},[60,111007,82],{"class":74},[60,111009,800],{"class":78},[60,111011,82],{"class":74},[60,111013,4555],{"class":78},[60,111015,9244],{"class":74},[60,111017,111018],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,111019,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,111021,111022,111024,111026,111028,111030,111033,111035,111037,111039],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,111023,135],{"class":134},[60,111025,122],{"class":74},[60,111027,260],{"class":118},[60,111029,115],{"class":74},[60,111031,111032],{"class":118},"union",[60,111034,122],{"class":74},[60,111036,270],{"class":118},[60,111038,446],{"class":74},[60,111040,111041],{"class":146},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[60,111043,111044,111046,111048,111050,111052,111054,111056,111058,111060],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,111045,135],{"class":134},[60,111047,122],{"class":74},[60,111049,260],{"class":118},[60,111051,115],{"class":74},[60,111053,110358],{"class":118},[60,111055,122],{"class":74},[60,111057,270],{"class":118},[60,111059,446],{"class":74},[60,111061,110377],{"class":146},[20,111063,27154],{},[30,111065,111066,111071],{},[33,111067,111068,111070],{},[15,111069,102562],{}," includes everything",[33,111072,111073,111075],{},[15,111074,110268],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,111077,18628],{},[30,111079,111080,111087],{},[33,111081,111082,111086],{},[260,111083,111084],{"href":107493},[15,111085,102562],{}," when overlap does not matter",[33,111088,111089,111091],{},[15,111090,110268],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[46,111093,36547,111095,101361],{"id":111094},"using-the-operator",[15,111096,111097],{},"^",[20,111099,111100,111101,111103,111104,115],{},"For sets, the ",[15,111102,111097],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,111105,110268],{},[20,111107,238],{},[51,111109,111111],{"className":53,"code":111110,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,111112,111113,111133,111153,111157,111175],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,111114,111115,111117,111119,111121,111123,111125,111127,111129,111131],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,111116,110464],{"class":66},[60,111118,71],{"class":70},[60,111120,10426],{"class":74},[60,111122,79],{"class":78},[60,111124,82],{"class":74},[60,111126,85],{"class":78},[60,111128,82],{"class":74},[60,111130,94],{"class":78},[60,111132,9244],{"class":74},[60,111134,111135,111137,111139,111141,111143,111145,111147,111149,111151],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,111136,110485],{"class":66},[60,111138,71],{"class":70},[60,111140,10426],{"class":74},[60,111142,189],{"class":78},[60,111144,82],{"class":74},[60,111146,800],{"class":78},[60,111148,82],{"class":74},[60,111150,4555],{"class":78},[60,111152,9244],{"class":74},[60,111154,111155],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,111156,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,111158,111159,111161,111163,111165,111167,111169,111171,111173],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,111160,135],{"class":134},[60,111162,122],{"class":74},[60,111164,100348],{"class":118},[60,111166,115],{"class":74},[60,111168,110358],{"class":118},[60,111170,122],{"class":74},[60,111172,100357],{"class":118},[60,111174,315],{"class":74},[60,111176,111177,111179,111181,111183,111185,111188],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,111178,135],{"class":134},[60,111180,122],{"class":74},[60,111182,110464],{"class":118},[60,111184,111097],{"class":70},[60,111186,111187],{"class":118}," set2",[60,111189,128],{"class":74},[20,111191,29961],{},[51,111193,111195],{"className":53,"code":111194,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111196,111197,111217],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,111198,111199,111201,111203,111205,111207,111209,111211,111213,111215],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,111200,9213],{"class":74},[60,111202,79],{"class":78},[60,111204,82],{"class":74},[60,111206,85],{"class":78},[60,111208,82],{"class":74},[60,111210,800],{"class":78},[60,111212,82],{"class":74},[60,111214,4555],{"class":78},[60,111216,9244],{"class":74},[60,111218,111219,111221,111223,111225,111227,111229,111231,111233,111235],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,111220,9213],{"class":74},[60,111222,79],{"class":78},[60,111224,82],{"class":74},[60,111226,85],{"class":78},[60,111228,82],{"class":74},[60,111230,800],{"class":78},[60,111232,82],{"class":74},[60,111234,4555],{"class":78},[60,111236,9244],{"class":74},[20,111238,111239],{},"Both forms:",[30,111241,111242,111245],{},[33,111243,111244],{},"return a new set",[33,111246,111247],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,111249,111250],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[46,111252,4468],{"id":4467},[20,111254,21144,111255,166],{},[15,111256,110268],{},[30,111258,111259,111267,111277,111292],{},[33,111260,111261,111264,111266],{},[3698,111262,111263],{},"Expecting sorted output",[9781,111265],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[33,111268,111269,111272,111274,111276],{},[3698,111270,111271],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[9781,111273],{},[15,111275,110268],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[33,111278,111279,111284,111286,111288,111289,111291],{},[3698,111280,111281,111282],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,111283,100177],{},[9781,111285],{},[15,111287,100177],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,111290,110268],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[33,111293,111294,111297,111299],{},[3698,111295,111296],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[9781,111298],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,111301,1747],{},[30,111303,111304,111313,111316,111319],{},[33,111305,1752,111306,44561,111308,111312],{},[15,111307,110268],{},[260,111309,111310],{"href":107493},[15,111311,102562],{}," is actually needed",[33,111314,111315],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[33,111317,111318],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[33,111320,111321],{},"being confused by output order",[20,111323,111324,111325,115],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[260,111326,98841],{"href":105106},[20,111328,62054],{},[51,111330,111332],{"className":53,"code":111331,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,111333,111334,111344,111354,111372,111386,111400],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,111335,111336,111338,111340,111342],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,111337,135],{"class":134},[60,111339,122],{"class":74},[60,111341,100348],{"class":118},[60,111343,128],{"class":74},[60,111345,111346,111348,111350,111352],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,111347,135],{"class":134},[60,111349,122],{"class":74},[60,111351,100357],{"class":118},[60,111353,128],{"class":74},[60,111355,111356,111358,111360,111362,111364,111366,111368,111370],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,111357,135],{"class":134},[60,111359,122],{"class":74},[60,111361,100348],{"class":118},[60,111363,115],{"class":74},[60,111365,110358],{"class":118},[60,111367,122],{"class":74},[60,111369,100357],{"class":118},[60,111371,315],{"class":74},[60,111373,111374,111376,111378,111380,111382,111384],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,111375,135],{"class":134},[60,111377,122],{"class":74},[60,111379,110464],{"class":118},[60,111381,111097],{"class":70},[60,111383,111187],{"class":118},[60,111385,128],{"class":74},[60,111387,111388,111390,111392,111394,111396,111398],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,111389,135],{"class":134},[60,111391,122],{"class":74},[60,111393,1657],{"class":1656},[60,111395,122],{"class":74},[60,111397,100348],{"class":118},[60,111399,315],{"class":74},[60,111401,111402,111404,111406,111408,111410,111412],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,111403,135],{"class":134},[60,111405,122],{"class":74},[60,111407,1657],{"class":1656},[60,111409,122],{"class":74},[60,111411,100357],{"class":118},[60,111413,315],{"class":74},[46,111415,1773],{"id":1772},[553,111417,1777,111419,102502],{"id":111418},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,111420,110268],{},[20,111422,102505],{},[553,111424,5126,111426,544,111428,1435],{"id":111425},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,111427,110268],{},[15,111429,100177],{},[20,111431,111432,111434,111435,111437],{},[15,111433,100177],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,111436,110268],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[553,111439,28261,111441,111443],{"id":111440},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,111442,110268],{}," with lists?",[20,111445,111446],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,111448,238],{},[51,111450,111452],{"className":53,"code":111451,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,111453,111454,111474,111494,111498,111525],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,111455,111456,111458,111460,111462,111464,111466,111468,111470,111472],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,111457,80418],{"class":66},[60,111459,71],{"class":70},[60,111461,75],{"class":74},[60,111463,79],{"class":78},[60,111465,82],{"class":74},[60,111467,85],{"class":78},[60,111469,82],{"class":74},[60,111471,94],{"class":78},[60,111473,101],{"class":74},[60,111475,111476,111478,111480,111482,111484,111486,111488,111490,111492],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,111477,80439],{"class":66},[60,111479,71],{"class":70},[60,111481,75],{"class":74},[60,111483,189],{"class":78},[60,111485,82],{"class":74},[60,111487,800],{"class":78},[60,111489,82],{"class":74},[60,111491,4555],{"class":78},[60,111493,101],{"class":74},[60,111495,111496],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,111497,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,111499,111500,111502,111504,111506,111508,111511,111513,111515,111517,111519,111521,111523],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,111501,107],{"class":66},[60,111503,71],{"class":70},[60,111505,15568],{"class":1656},[60,111507,122],{"class":74},[60,111509,111510],{"class":118},"list1",[60,111512,8567],{"class":74},[60,111514,110358],{"class":118},[60,111516,122],{"class":74},[60,111518,6228],{"class":1656},[60,111520,122],{"class":74},[60,111522,80705],{"class":118},[60,111524,315],{"class":74},[60,111526,111527,111529,111531,111533],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,111528,135],{"class":134},[60,111530,122],{"class":74},[60,111532,140],{"class":118},[60,111534,128],{"class":74},[20,111536,318],{},[51,111538,111539],{"className":53,"code":110539,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,111540,111541],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,111542,111543,111545,111547,111549,111551,111553,111555,111557,111559],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,111544,9213],{"class":74},[60,111546,79],{"class":78},[60,111548,82],{"class":74},[60,111550,85],{"class":78},[60,111552,82],{"class":74},[60,111554,800],{"class":78},[60,111556,82],{"class":74},[60,111558,4555],{"class":78},[60,111560,9244],{"class":74},[553,111562,111564],{"id":111563},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,111566,111567],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[46,111569,1842],{"id":1841},[30,111571,111572,111576,111581,111587,111593],{},[33,111573,111574],{},[260,111575,96091],{"href":96090},[33,111577,111578],{},[260,111579,111580],{"href":96094},"Creating a set in Python",[33,111582,111583],{},[260,111584,96577,111585,1869],{"href":102603},[15,111586,100177],{},[33,111588,111589],{},[260,111590,96577,111591,1869],{"href":107493},[15,111592,102562],{},[33,111594,111595],{},[260,111596,100107],{"href":105106},[20,111598,111599,111600,2154,111602,17007,111604,111606],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,111601,100177],{},[15,111603,102562],{},[15,111605,110268],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[1885,111608,57163],{},{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":111610},[111611,111612,111614,111615,111616,111617,111619,111621,111623,111624,111633],{"id":48,"depth":104,"text":49},{"id":110383,"depth":104,"text":111613},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199},{"id":110564,"depth":104,"text":110565},{"id":11410,"depth":104,"text":11411},{"id":110812,"depth":104,"text":111618},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":110954,"depth":104,"text":111620},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111094,"depth":104,"text":111622},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":4467,"depth":104,"text":4468},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":111625},[111626,111628,111630,111632],{"id":111418,"depth":131,"text":111627},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111425,"depth":131,"text":111629},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111440,"depth":131,"text":111631},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111563,"depth":131,"text":111564},{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110260,"description":111634},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111641,"title":111642,"body":111643,"description":113706,"extension":1930,"meta":113707,"navigation":421,"path":107493,"seo":113708,"stem":113709,"__hash__":113710},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111644,"toc":113665},[111645,111650,111655,111658,111671,111673,111755,111760,111765,111769,111781,111784,111788,111790,111817,111819,111830,111833,111902,111904,111910,111913,111923,111925,112014,112019,112021,112028,112031,112033,112036,112156,112158,112227,112230,112247,112252,112255,112371,112373,112402,112405,112411,112416,112420,112501,112503,112531,112536,112540,112635,112637,112678,112682,112685,112752,112754,112795,112801,112816,112823,112830,112834,112840,112926,112930,112938,113009,113014,113021,113023,113029,113031,113096,113098,113114,113119,113122,113191,113195,113198,113257,113260,113264,113317,113330,113333,113386,113390,113392,113423,113426,113431,113484,113488,113491,113512,113524,113526,113579,113581,113586,113588,113594,113597,113603,113608,113612,113615,113623,113632,113634,113662],[10,111646,1875,111648,18],{"id":111647},"python-setunion-method",[15,111649,107806],{},[20,111651,111652,111654],{},[15,111653,107806],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,111656,111657],{},"It is useful when you want:",[30,111659,111660,111663,111668],{},[33,111661,111662],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[33,111664,2515,111665,111667],{},[3698,111666,100532],{}," as the result",[33,111669,111670],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[46,111672,1972],{"id":1971},[51,111674,111676],{"className":53,"code":111675,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,111677,111678,111698,111718,111722,111740,111750],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,111679,111680,111682,111684,111686,111688,111690,111692,111694,111696],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,111681,110464],{"class":66},[60,111683,71],{"class":70},[60,111685,10426],{"class":74},[60,111687,79],{"class":78},[60,111689,82],{"class":74},[60,111691,85],{"class":78},[60,111693,82],{"class":74},[60,111695,94],{"class":78},[60,111697,9244],{"class":74},[60,111699,111700,111702,111704,111706,111708,111710,111712,111714,111716],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,111701,110485],{"class":66},[60,111703,71],{"class":70},[60,111705,10426],{"class":74},[60,111707,189],{"class":78},[60,111709,82],{"class":74},[60,111711,800],{"class":78},[60,111713,82],{"class":74},[60,111715,4555],{"class":78},[60,111717,9244],{"class":74},[60,111719,111720],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,111721,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,111723,111724,111726,111728,111730,111732,111734,111736,111738],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,111725,107],{"class":66},[60,111727,71],{"class":70},[60,111729,110514],{"class":66},[60,111731,115],{"class":74},[60,111733,111032],{"class":118},[60,111735,122],{"class":74},[60,111737,100357],{"class":118},[60,111739,128],{"class":74},[60,111741,111742,111744,111746,111748],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,111743,135],{"class":134},[60,111745,122],{"class":74},[60,111747,140],{"class":118},[60,111749,128],{"class":74},[60,111751,111752],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,111753,111754],{"class":146},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,111756,111757,111759],{},[15,111758,102562],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[46,111761,158,111763,161],{"id":111762},"what-setunion-does",[15,111764,107806],{},[20,111766,111767,166],{},[15,111768,107806],{},[30,111770,111771,111774,111777,111779],{},[33,111772,111773],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[33,111775,111776],{},"keeps only unique values",[33,111778,110394],{},[33,111780,110403],{},[20,111782,111783],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,111785,96087,111786,115],{},[260,111787,96091],{"href":97262},[46,111789,199],{"id":198},[51,111791,111793],{"className":53,"code":111792,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,111794,111795],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,111796,111797,111799,111801,111803,111805,111807,111809,111811,111813,111815],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,111798,100348],{"class":66},[60,111800,115],{"class":74},[60,111802,111032],{"class":118},[60,111804,122],{"class":74},[60,111806,100357],{"class":118},[60,111808,82],{"class":74},[60,111810,100384],{"class":118},[60,111812,82],{"class":74},[60,111814,34387],{"class":134},[60,111816,128],{"class":74},[20,111818,12989],{},[30,111820,111821,111824,111827],{},[33,111822,111823],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[33,111825,111826],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[33,111828,111829],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,111831,111832],{},"Example with two sets:",[51,111834,111836],{"className":53,"code":111835,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,111837,111838,111854,111870,111874,111892],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,111839,111840,111842,111844,111846,111848,111850,111852],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,111841,2515],{"class":66},[60,111843,71],{"class":70},[60,111845,10426],{"class":74},[60,111847,79],{"class":78},[60,111849,82],{"class":74},[60,111851,85],{"class":78},[60,111853,9244],{"class":74},[60,111855,111856,111858,111860,111862,111864,111866,111868],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,111857,2543],{"class":66},[60,111859,71],{"class":70},[60,111861,10426],{"class":74},[60,111863,125],{"class":78},[60,111865,82],{"class":74},[60,111867,94],{"class":78},[60,111869,9244],{"class":74},[60,111871,111872],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,111873,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,111875,111876,111878,111880,111882,111884,111886,111888,111890],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,111877,107],{"class":66},[60,111879,71],{"class":70},[60,111881,56809],{"class":66},[60,111883,115],{"class":74},[60,111885,111032],{"class":118},[60,111887,122],{"class":74},[60,111889,270],{"class":118},[60,111891,128],{"class":74},[60,111893,111894,111896,111898,111900],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,111895,135],{"class":134},[60,111897,122],{"class":74},[60,111899,140],{"class":118},[60,111901,128],{"class":74},[46,111903,21903],{"id":21902},[20,111905,111906,100529,111908,115],{},[15,111907,107806],{},[3698,111909,100532],{},[20,111911,111912],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[30,111914,111915,111918],{},[33,111916,111917],{},"the original set",[33,111919,111920,111921],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,111922,102562],{},[20,111924,238],{},[51,111926,111928],{"className":53,"code":111927,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,111929,111930,111946,111962,111966,111984,111988,112001],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,111931,111932,111934,111936,111938,111940,111942,111944],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,111933,2515],{"class":66},[60,111935,71],{"class":70},[60,111937,10426],{"class":74},[60,111939,79],{"class":78},[60,111941,82],{"class":74},[60,111943,85],{"class":78},[60,111945,9244],{"class":74},[60,111947,111948,111950,111952,111954,111956,111958,111960],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,111949,2543],{"class":66},[60,111951,71],{"class":70},[60,111953,10426],{"class":74},[60,111955,125],{"class":78},[60,111957,82],{"class":74},[60,111959,94],{"class":78},[60,111961,9244],{"class":74},[60,111963,111964],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,111965,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,111967,111968,111970,111972,111974,111976,111978,111980,111982],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,111969,107],{"class":66},[60,111971,71],{"class":70},[60,111973,56809],{"class":66},[60,111975,115],{"class":74},[60,111977,111032],{"class":118},[60,111979,122],{"class":74},[60,111981,270],{"class":118},[60,111983,128],{"class":74},[60,111985,111986],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,111987,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,111989,111990,111992,111994,111996,111998],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,111991,135],{"class":134},[60,111993,122],{"class":74},[60,111995,140],{"class":118},[60,111997,143],{"class":74},[60,111999,112000],{"class":146},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[60,112002,112003,112005,112007,112009,112011],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,112004,135],{"class":134},[60,112006,122],{"class":74},[60,112008,260],{"class":118},[60,112010,143],{"class":74},[60,112012,112013],{"class":146},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,112015,2250,112016,112018],{},[15,112017,260],{}," did not change.",[20,112020,110636],{},[30,112022,112023,112025],{},[33,112024,110641],{},[33,112026,112027],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,112029,112030],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[46,112032,11411],{"id":11410},[20,112034,112035],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[51,112037,112039],{"className":53,"code":112038,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,112040,112041,112074,112107,112111,112131,112135,112145],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,112042,112043,112046,112048,112050,112052,112054,112056,112058,112060,112062,112064,112066,112068,112070,112072],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,112044,112045],{"class":66},"fruits1 ",[60,112047,71],{"class":70},[60,112049,10426],{"class":74},[60,112051,256],{"class":255},[60,112053,575],{"class":259},[60,112055,256],{"class":255},[60,112057,82],{"class":74},[60,112059,267],{"class":255},[60,112061,1392],{"class":259},[60,112063,256],{"class":255},[60,112065,82],{"class":74},[60,112067,267],{"class":255},[60,112069,33154],{"class":259},[60,112071,256],{"class":255},[60,112073,9244],{"class":74},[60,112075,112076,112079,112081,112083,112085,112087,112089,112091,112093,112095,112097,112099,112101,112103,112105],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,112077,112078],{"class":66},"fruits2 ",[60,112080,71],{"class":70},[60,112082,10426],{"class":74},[60,112084,256],{"class":255},[60,112086,1392],{"class":259},[60,112088,256],{"class":255},[60,112090,82],{"class":74},[60,112092,267],{"class":255},[60,112094,22465],{"class":259},[60,112096,256],{"class":255},[60,112098,82],{"class":74},[60,112100,267],{"class":255},[60,112102,33154],{"class":259},[60,112104,256],{"class":255},[60,112106,9244],{"class":74},[60,112108,112109],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,112110,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,112112,112113,112115,112117,112120,112122,112124,112126,112129],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,112114,107],{"class":66},[60,112116,71],{"class":70},[60,112118,112119],{"class":66}," fruits1",[60,112121,115],{"class":74},[60,112123,111032],{"class":118},[60,112125,122],{"class":74},[60,112127,112128],{"class":118},"fruits2",[60,112130,128],{"class":74},[60,112132,112133],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,112134,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,112136,112137,112139,112141,112143],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,112138,135],{"class":134},[60,112140,122],{"class":74},[60,112142,140],{"class":118},[60,112144,128],{"class":74},[60,112146,112147,112149,112151,112154],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,112148,135],{"class":134},[60,112150,122],{"class":74},[60,112152,112153],{"class":118},"fruits1",[60,112155,128],{"class":74},[20,112157,29961],{},[51,112159,112161],{"className":53,"code":112160,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,112162,112163,112199],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,112164,112165,112167,112169,112171,112173,112175,112177,112179,112181,112183,112185,112187,112189,112191,112193,112195,112197],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,112166,9213],{"class":74},[60,112168,3261],{"class":255},[60,112170,1392],{"class":259},[60,112172,3261],{"class":255},[60,112174,82],{"class":74},[60,112176,3256],{"class":255},[60,112178,33154],{"class":259},[60,112180,3261],{"class":255},[60,112182,82],{"class":74},[60,112184,3256],{"class":255},[60,112186,575],{"class":259},[60,112188,3261],{"class":255},[60,112190,82],{"class":74},[60,112192,3256],{"class":255},[60,112194,22465],{"class":259},[60,112196,3261],{"class":255},[60,112198,9244],{"class":74},[60,112200,112201,112203,112205,112207,112209,112211,112213,112215,112217,112219,112221,112223,112225],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,112202,9213],{"class":74},[60,112204,3261],{"class":255},[60,112206,1392],{"class":259},[60,112208,3261],{"class":255},[60,112210,82],{"class":74},[60,112212,3256],{"class":255},[60,112214,33154],{"class":259},[60,112216,3261],{"class":255},[60,112218,82],{"class":74},[60,112220,3256],{"class":255},[60,112222,575],{"class":259},[60,112224,3261],{"class":255},[60,112226,9244],{"class":74},[20,112228,112229],{},"What this shows:",[30,112231,112232,112239,112242],{},[33,112233,112234,544,112236,112238],{},[15,112235,65034],{},[15,112237,65461],{}," appear in both sets",[33,112240,112241],{},"they appear only once in the result",[33,112243,112244,112246],{},[15,112245,112153],{}," stays unchanged",[46,112248,8356,112250,100921],{"id":112249},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,112251,102562],{},[20,112253,112254],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[51,112256,112258],{"className":53,"code":112257,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112259,112260,112276,112292,112309,112326,112330,112357,112361],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,112261,112262,112264,112266,112268,112270,112272,112274],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,112263,110464],{"class":66},[60,112265,71],{"class":70},[60,112267,10426],{"class":74},[60,112269,79],{"class":78},[60,112271,82],{"class":74},[60,112273,85],{"class":78},[60,112275,9244],{"class":74},[60,112277,112278,112280,112282,112284,112286,112288,112290],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,112279,110485],{"class":66},[60,112281,71],{"class":70},[60,112283,10426],{"class":74},[60,112285,125],{"class":78},[60,112287,82],{"class":74},[60,112289,94],{"class":78},[60,112291,9244],{"class":74},[60,112293,112294,112297,112299,112301,112303,112305,112307],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,112295,112296],{"class":66},"set3 ",[60,112298,71],{"class":70},[60,112300,10426],{"class":74},[60,112302,189],{"class":78},[60,112304,82],{"class":74},[60,112306,800],{"class":78},[60,112308,9244],{"class":74},[60,112310,112311,112314,112316,112318,112320,112322,112324],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,112312,112313],{"class":66},"set4 ",[60,112315,71],{"class":70},[60,112317,10426],{"class":74},[60,112319,2465],{"class":78},[60,112321,82],{"class":74},[60,112323,4555],{"class":78},[60,112325,9244],{"class":74},[60,112327,112328],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,112329,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,112331,112332,112334,112336,112338,112340,112342,112344,112346,112348,112350,112352,112355],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,112333,107],{"class":66},[60,112335,71],{"class":70},[60,112337,110514],{"class":66},[60,112339,115],{"class":74},[60,112341,111032],{"class":118},[60,112343,122],{"class":74},[60,112345,100357],{"class":118},[60,112347,82],{"class":74},[60,112349,100384],{"class":118},[60,112351,82],{"class":74},[60,112353,112354],{"class":118}," set4",[60,112356,128],{"class":74},[60,112358,112359],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,112360,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,112362,112363,112365,112367,112369],{"class":62,"line":6367},[60,112364,135],{"class":134},[60,112366,122],{"class":74},[60,112368,140],{"class":118},[60,112370,128],{"class":74},[20,112372,29961],{},[51,112374,112376],{"className":53,"code":112375,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112377,112378],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,112379,112380,112382,112384,112386,112388,112390,112392,112394,112396,112398,112400],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,112381,9213],{"class":74},[60,112383,79],{"class":78},[60,112385,82],{"class":74},[60,112387,85],{"class":78},[60,112389,82],{"class":74},[60,112391,94],{"class":78},[60,112393,82],{"class":74},[60,112395,800],{"class":78},[60,112397,82],{"class":74},[60,112399,4555],{"class":78},[60,112401,9244],{"class":74},[20,112403,112404],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[46,112406,8356,112408,112410],{"id":112407},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,112409,102562],{}," with other iterables",[20,112412,112413,112415],{},[15,112414,102562],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[553,112417,112419],{"id":112418},"with-a-list","With a list",[51,112421,112423],{"className":53,"code":112422,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112424,112425,112445,112469,112473,112491],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,112426,112427,112429,112431,112433,112435,112437,112439,112441,112443],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,112428,67],{"class":66},[60,112430,71],{"class":70},[60,112432,10426],{"class":74},[60,112434,79],{"class":78},[60,112436,82],{"class":74},[60,112438,85],{"class":78},[60,112440,82],{"class":74},[60,112442,94],{"class":78},[60,112444,9244],{"class":74},[60,112446,112447,112449,112451,112453,112455,112457,112459,112461,112463,112465,112467],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,112448,60806],{"class":66},[60,112450,71],{"class":70},[60,112452,75],{"class":74},[60,112454,189],{"class":78},[60,112456,82],{"class":74},[60,112458,800],{"class":78},[60,112460,82],{"class":74},[60,112462,4555],{"class":78},[60,112464,82],{"class":74},[60,112466,4555],{"class":78},[60,112468,101],{"class":74},[60,112470,112471],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,112472,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,112474,112475,112477,112479,112481,112483,112485,112487,112489],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,112476,107],{"class":66},[60,112478,71],{"class":70},[60,112480,112],{"class":66},[60,112482,115],{"class":74},[60,112484,111032],{"class":118},[60,112486,122],{"class":74},[60,112488,60835],{"class":118},[60,112490,128],{"class":74},[60,112492,112493,112495,112497,112499],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,112494,135],{"class":134},[60,112496,122],{"class":74},[60,112498,140],{"class":118},[60,112500,128],{"class":74},[20,112502,29961],{},[51,112504,112505],{"className":53,"code":112375,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,112506,112507],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,112508,112509,112511,112513,112515,112517,112519,112521,112523,112525,112527,112529],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,112510,9213],{"class":74},[60,112512,79],{"class":78},[60,112514,82],{"class":74},[60,112516,85],{"class":78},[60,112518,82],{"class":74},[60,112520,94],{"class":78},[60,112522,82],{"class":74},[60,112524,800],{"class":78},[60,112526,82],{"class":74},[60,112528,4555],{"class":78},[60,112530,9244],{"class":74},[20,112532,20911,112533,112535],{},[15,112534,1086],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[553,112537,112539],{"id":112538},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[51,112541,112543],{"className":53,"code":112542,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112544,112545,112569,112602,112606,112625],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,112546,112547,112549,112551,112553,112555,112557,112559,112561,112563,112565,112567],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,112548,248],{"class":66},[60,112550,71],{"class":70},[60,112552,10426],{"class":74},[60,112554,256],{"class":255},[60,112556,260],{"class":259},[60,112558,256],{"class":255},[60,112560,82],{"class":74},[60,112562,267],{"class":255},[60,112564,270],{"class":259},[60,112566,256],{"class":255},[60,112568,9244],{"class":74},[60,112570,112571,112574,112576,112578,112580,112582,112584,112586,112588,112590,112592,112594,112596,112598,112600],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,112572,112573],{"class":66},"more_letters ",[60,112575,71],{"class":70},[60,112577,9171],{"class":74},[60,112579,256],{"class":255},[60,112581,270],{"class":259},[60,112583,256],{"class":255},[60,112585,82],{"class":74},[60,112587,267],{"class":255},[60,112589,287],{"class":259},[60,112591,256],{"class":255},[60,112593,82],{"class":74},[60,112595,267],{"class":255},[60,112597,18701],{"class":259},[60,112599,256],{"class":255},[60,112601,128],{"class":74},[60,112603,112604],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,112605,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,112607,112608,112610,112612,112614,112616,112618,112620,112623],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,112609,107],{"class":66},[60,112611,71],{"class":70},[60,112613,69856],{"class":66},[60,112615,115],{"class":74},[60,112617,111032],{"class":118},[60,112619,122],{"class":74},[60,112621,112622],{"class":118},"more_letters",[60,112624,128],{"class":74},[60,112626,112627,112629,112631,112633],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,112628,135],{"class":134},[60,112630,122],{"class":74},[60,112632,140],{"class":118},[60,112634,128],{"class":74},[20,112636,29961],{},[51,112638,112640],{"className":53,"code":112639,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,112641,112642],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,112643,112644,112646,112648,112650,112652,112654,112656,112658,112660,112662,112664,112666,112668,112670,112672,112674,112676],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,112645,9213],{"class":74},[60,112647,3261],{"class":255},[60,112649,260],{"class":259},[60,112651,3261],{"class":255},[60,112653,82],{"class":74},[60,112655,3256],{"class":255},[60,112657,270],{"class":259},[60,112659,3261],{"class":255},[60,112661,82],{"class":74},[60,112663,3256],{"class":255},[60,112665,287],{"class":259},[60,112667,3261],{"class":255},[60,112669,82],{"class":74},[60,112671,3256],{"class":255},[60,112673,18701],{"class":259},[60,112675,3261],{"class":255},[60,112677,9244],{"class":74},[553,112679,112681],{"id":112680},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,112683,112684],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[51,112686,112688],{"className":53,"code":112687,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112689,112690,112715,112738,112742],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,112691,112692,112695,112697,112699,112701,112703,112705,112707,112709,112711,112713],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,112693,112694],{"class":66},"chars ",[60,112696,71],{"class":70},[60,112698,10426],{"class":74},[60,112700,256],{"class":255},[60,112702,260],{"class":259},[60,112704,256],{"class":255},[60,112706,82],{"class":74},[60,112708,267],{"class":255},[60,112710,270],{"class":259},[60,112712,256],{"class":255},[60,112714,9244],{"class":74},[60,112716,112717,112719,112721,112724,112726,112728,112730,112732,112734,112736],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,112718,107],{"class":66},[60,112720,71],{"class":70},[60,112722,112723],{"class":66}," chars",[60,112725,115],{"class":74},[60,112727,111032],{"class":118},[60,112729,122],{"class":74},[60,112731,256],{"class":255},[60,112733,959],{"class":259},[60,112735,256],{"class":255},[60,112737,128],{"class":74},[60,112739,112740],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,112741,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,112743,112744,112746,112748,112750],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,112745,135],{"class":134},[60,112747,122],{"class":74},[60,112749,140],{"class":118},[60,112751,128],{"class":74},[20,112753,29961],{},[51,112755,112757],{"className":53,"code":112756,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,112758,112759],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,112760,112761,112763,112765,112767,112769,112771,112773,112775,112777,112779,112781,112783,112785,112787,112789,112791,112793],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,112762,9213],{"class":74},[60,112764,3261],{"class":255},[60,112766,260],{"class":259},[60,112768,3261],{"class":255},[60,112770,82],{"class":74},[60,112772,3256],{"class":255},[60,112774,270],{"class":259},[60,112776,3261],{"class":255},[60,112778,82],{"class":74},[60,112780,3256],{"class":255},[60,112782,287],{"class":259},[60,112784,3261],{"class":255},[60,112786,82],{"class":74},[60,112788,3256],{"class":255},[60,112790,63046],{"class":259},[60,112792,3261],{"class":255},[60,112794,9244],{"class":74},[20,112796,22122,112797,112800],{},[15,112798,112799],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[30,112802,112803,112807,112811],{},[33,112804,112805],{},[15,112806,66241],{},[33,112808,112809],{},[15,112810,18029],{},[33,112812,112813],{},[15,112814,112815],{},"\"t\"",[46,112817,112819,10521,112821],{"id":112818},"union-vs-update",[15,112820,102562],{},[15,112822,14888],{},[20,112824,112825,544,112827,112829],{},[15,112826,102562],{},[15,112828,14888],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[553,112831,112832],{"id":111032},[15,112833,102562],{},[30,112835,112836,112838],{},[33,112837,110394],{},[33,112839,110403],{},[51,112841,112842],{"className":53,"code":111927,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,112843,112844,112860,112876,112880,112898,112902,112914],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,112845,112846,112848,112850,112852,112854,112856,112858],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,112847,2515],{"class":66},[60,112849,71],{"class":70},[60,112851,10426],{"class":74},[60,112853,79],{"class":78},[60,112855,82],{"class":74},[60,112857,85],{"class":78},[60,112859,9244],{"class":74},[60,112861,112862,112864,112866,112868,112870,112872,112874],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,112863,2543],{"class":66},[60,112865,71],{"class":70},[60,112867,10426],{"class":74},[60,112869,125],{"class":78},[60,112871,82],{"class":74},[60,112873,94],{"class":78},[60,112875,9244],{"class":74},[60,112877,112878],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,112879,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,112881,112882,112884,112886,112888,112890,112892,112894,112896],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,112883,107],{"class":66},[60,112885,71],{"class":70},[60,112887,56809],{"class":66},[60,112889,115],{"class":74},[60,112891,111032],{"class":118},[60,112893,122],{"class":74},[60,112895,270],{"class":118},[60,112897,128],{"class":74},[60,112899,112900],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,112901,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,112903,112904,112906,112908,112910,112912],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,112905,135],{"class":134},[60,112907,122],{"class":74},[60,112909,140],{"class":118},[60,112911,143],{"class":74},[60,112913,112000],{"class":146},[60,112915,112916,112918,112920,112922,112924],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,112917,135],{"class":134},[60,112919,122],{"class":74},[60,112921,260],{"class":118},[60,112923,143],{"class":74},[60,112925,112013],{"class":146},[553,112927,112928],{"id":30396},[15,112929,14888],{},[30,112931,112932,112935],{},[33,112933,112934],{},"changes the existing set in place",[33,112936,112937],{},"does not create a separate result set",[51,112939,112941],{"className":53,"code":112940,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,112942,112943,112959,112975,112979,112993,112997],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,112944,112945,112947,112949,112951,112953,112955,112957],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,112946,2515],{"class":66},[60,112948,71],{"class":70},[60,112950,10426],{"class":74},[60,112952,79],{"class":78},[60,112954,82],{"class":74},[60,112956,85],{"class":78},[60,112958,9244],{"class":74},[60,112960,112961,112963,112965,112967,112969,112971,112973],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,112962,2543],{"class":66},[60,112964,71],{"class":70},[60,112966,10426],{"class":74},[60,112968,125],{"class":78},[60,112970,82],{"class":74},[60,112972,94],{"class":78},[60,112974,9244],{"class":74},[60,112976,112977],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,112978,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,112980,112981,112983,112985,112987,112989,112991],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,112982,260],{"class":66},[60,112984,115],{"class":74},[60,112986,30396],{"class":118},[60,112988,122],{"class":74},[60,112990,270],{"class":118},[60,112992,128],{"class":74},[60,112994,112995],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,112996,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,112998,112999,113001,113003,113005,113007],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,113000,135],{"class":134},[60,113002,122],{"class":74},[60,113004,260],{"class":118},[60,113006,143],{"class":74},[60,113008,112000],{"class":146},[20,113010,150,113011,113013],{},[15,113012,102562],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,113015,113016,113017,115],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[260,113018,1875,113019,1869],{"href":98282},[15,113020,97077],{},[46,113022,4468],{"id":4467},[553,113024,1454,113026,113028],{"id":113025},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,113027,102562],{}," to change the original set",[20,113030,81587],{},[51,113032,113034],{"className":53,"code":113033,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113035,113036,113052,113068,113072,113086],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,113037,113038,113040,113042,113044,113046,113048,113050],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,113039,2515],{"class":66},[60,113041,71],{"class":70},[60,113043,10426],{"class":74},[60,113045,79],{"class":78},[60,113047,82],{"class":74},[60,113049,85],{"class":78},[60,113051,9244],{"class":74},[60,113053,113054,113056,113058,113060,113062,113064,113066],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,113055,2543],{"class":66},[60,113057,71],{"class":70},[60,113059,10426],{"class":74},[60,113061,125],{"class":78},[60,113063,82],{"class":74},[60,113065,94],{"class":78},[60,113067,9244],{"class":74},[60,113069,113070],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,113071,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,113073,113074,113076,113078,113080,113082,113084],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,113075,260],{"class":66},[60,113077,115],{"class":74},[60,113079,111032],{"class":118},[60,113081,122],{"class":74},[60,113083,270],{"class":118},[60,113085,128],{"class":74},[60,113087,113088,113090,113092,113094],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,113089,135],{"class":134},[60,113091,122],{"class":74},[60,113093,260],{"class":118},[60,113095,128],{"class":74},[20,113097,318],{},[51,113099,113100],{"className":53,"code":100270,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,113101,113102],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,113103,113104,113106,113108,113110,113112],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,113105,9213],{"class":74},[60,113107,79],{"class":78},[60,113109,82],{"class":74},[60,113111,85],{"class":78},[60,113113,9244],{"class":74},[20,113115,8432,113116,113118],{},[15,113117,102562],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,113120,113121],{},"Fix it like this:",[51,113123,113125],{"className":53,"code":113124,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113126,113127,113143,113159,113163,113181],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,113128,113129,113131,113133,113135,113137,113139,113141],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,113130,2515],{"class":66},[60,113132,71],{"class":70},[60,113134,10426],{"class":74},[60,113136,79],{"class":78},[60,113138,82],{"class":74},[60,113140,85],{"class":78},[60,113142,9244],{"class":74},[60,113144,113145,113147,113149,113151,113153,113155,113157],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,113146,2543],{"class":66},[60,113148,71],{"class":70},[60,113150,10426],{"class":74},[60,113152,125],{"class":78},[60,113154,82],{"class":74},[60,113156,94],{"class":78},[60,113158,9244],{"class":74},[60,113160,113161],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,113162,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,113164,113165,113167,113169,113171,113173,113175,113177,113179],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,113166,2515],{"class":66},[60,113168,71],{"class":70},[60,113170,56809],{"class":66},[60,113172,115],{"class":74},[60,113174,111032],{"class":118},[60,113176,122],{"class":74},[60,113178,270],{"class":118},[60,113180,128],{"class":74},[60,113182,113183,113185,113187,113189],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,113184,135],{"class":134},[60,113186,122],{"class":74},[60,113188,260],{"class":118},[60,113190,128],{"class":74},[553,113192,113194],{"id":113193},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,113196,113197],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[51,113199,113201],{"className":53,"code":113200,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,113202,113203,113219,113235,113239],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,113204,113205,113207,113209,113211,113213,113215,113217],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,113206,2515],{"class":66},[60,113208,71],{"class":70},[60,113210,10426],{"class":74},[60,113212,189],{"class":78},[60,113214,82],{"class":74},[60,113216,695],{"class":78},[60,113218,9244],{"class":74},[60,113220,113221,113223,113225,113227,113229,113231,113233],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,113222,2543],{"class":66},[60,113224,71],{"class":70},[60,113226,10426],{"class":74},[60,113228,125],{"class":78},[60,113230,82],{"class":74},[60,113232,800],{"class":78},[60,113234,9244],{"class":74},[60,113236,113237],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,113238,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,113240,113241,113243,113245,113247,113249,113251,113253,113255],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,113242,135],{"class":134},[60,113244,122],{"class":74},[60,113246,260],{"class":118},[60,113248,115],{"class":74},[60,113250,111032],{"class":118},[60,113252,122],{"class":74},[60,113254,270],{"class":118},[60,113256,315],{"class":74},[20,113258,113259],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[553,113261,113263],{"id":113262},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[51,113265,113267],{"className":53,"code":113266,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,113268,113269,113285,113307],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,113270,113271,113273,113275,113277,113279,113281,113283],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,113272,566],{"class":66},[60,113274,71],{"class":70},[60,113276,10426],{"class":74},[60,113278,256],{"class":255},[60,113280,968],{"class":259},[60,113282,256],{"class":255},[60,113284,9244],{"class":74},[60,113286,113287,113289,113291,113293,113295,113297,113299,113301,113303,113305],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,113288,107],{"class":66},[60,113290,71],{"class":70},[60,113292,998],{"class":66},[60,113294,115],{"class":74},[60,113296,111032],{"class":118},[60,113298,122],{"class":74},[60,113300,256],{"class":255},[60,113302,959],{"class":259},[60,113304,256],{"class":255},[60,113306,128],{"class":74},[60,113308,113309,113311,113313,113315],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,113310,135],{"class":134},[60,113312,122],{"class":74},[60,113314,140],{"class":118},[60,113316,128],{"class":74},[20,113318,113319,113320,2154,113322,17007,113324,113326,113327,113329],{},"This adds ",[15,113321,66241],{},[15,113323,18029],{},[15,113325,112815],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,113328,112799],{}," as one item.",[20,113331,113332],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[51,113334,113336],{"className":53,"code":113335,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113337,113338,113354,113376],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,113339,113340,113342,113344,113346,113348,113350,113352],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,113341,566],{"class":66},[60,113343,71],{"class":70},[60,113345,10426],{"class":74},[60,113347,256],{"class":255},[60,113349,968],{"class":259},[60,113351,256],{"class":255},[60,113353,9244],{"class":74},[60,113355,113356,113358,113360,113362,113364,113366,113368,113370,113372,113374],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,113357,107],{"class":66},[60,113359,71],{"class":70},[60,113361,998],{"class":66},[60,113363,115],{"class":74},[60,113365,111032],{"class":118},[60,113367,835],{"class":74},[60,113369,256],{"class":255},[60,113371,959],{"class":259},[60,113373,256],{"class":255},[60,113375,1193],{"class":74},[60,113377,113378,113380,113382,113384],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,113379,135],{"class":134},[60,113381,122],{"class":74},[60,113383,140],{"class":118},[60,113385,128],{"class":74},[553,113387,113389],{"id":113388},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,113391,2797],{},[51,113393,113395],{"className":53,"code":113394,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,113396,113397],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,113398,113399,113401,113403,113405,113407,113409,113411,113413,113415,113417,113419,113421],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,113400,15563],{"class":66},[60,113402,71],{"class":70},[60,113404,10426],{"class":74},[60,113406,79],{"class":78},[60,113408,82],{"class":74},[60,113410,85],{"class":78},[60,113412,82],{"class":74},[60,113414,75],{"class":74},[60,113416,189],{"class":78},[60,113418,82],{"class":74},[60,113420,800],{"class":78},[60,113422,13641],{"class":74},[20,113424,113425],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,113427,113428,113429,166],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,113430,102562],{},[51,113432,113434],{"className":53,"code":113433,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113435,113436,113452,113474],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,113437,113438,113440,113442,113444,113446,113448,113450],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,113439,15563],{"class":66},[60,113441,71],{"class":70},[60,113443,10426],{"class":74},[60,113445,79],{"class":78},[60,113447,82],{"class":74},[60,113449,85],{"class":78},[60,113451,9244],{"class":74},[60,113453,113454,113456,113458,113460,113462,113464,113466,113468,113470,113472],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,113455,107],{"class":66},[60,113457,71],{"class":70},[60,113459,96687],{"class":66},[60,113461,115],{"class":74},[60,113463,111032],{"class":118},[60,113465,835],{"class":74},[60,113467,189],{"class":78},[60,113469,82],{"class":74},[60,113471,800],{"class":78},[60,113473,1193],{"class":74},[60,113475,113476,113478,113480,113482],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,113477,135],{"class":134},[60,113479,122],{"class":74},[60,113481,140],{"class":118},[60,113483,128],{"class":74},[46,113485,113487],{"id":113486},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,113489,113490],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[30,113492,113493,113499,113506,113509],{},[33,113494,113495,113496,113498],{},"call ",[15,113497,102562],{}," without saving the returned set",[33,113500,113501,113502,8640,113504],{},"confuse ",[15,113503,102562],{},[15,113505,14888],{},[33,113507,113508],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[33,113510,113511],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,113513,113514,113515,544,113519,115],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[260,113516,1875,113517,1869],{"href":102551},[15,113518,106336],{},[260,113520,1875,113522,1869],{"href":113521},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,113523,100182],{},[20,113525,62054],{},[51,113527,113529],{"className":53,"code":113528,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,113530,113531,113541,113555,113565],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,113532,113533,113535,113537,113539],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,113534,135],{"class":134},[60,113536,122],{"class":74},[60,113538,15601],{"class":118},[60,113540,128],{"class":74},[60,113542,113543,113545,113547,113549,113551,113553],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,113544,135],{"class":134},[60,113546,122],{"class":74},[60,113548,1657],{"class":1656},[60,113550,122],{"class":74},[60,113552,15601],{"class":118},[60,113554,315],{"class":74},[60,113556,113557,113559,113561,113563],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,113558,135],{"class":134},[60,113560,122],{"class":74},[60,113562,140],{"class":118},[60,113564,128],{"class":74},[60,113566,113567,113569,113571,113573,113575,113577],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,113568,32085],{"class":134},[60,113570,122],{"class":74},[60,113572,6228],{"class":1656},[60,113574,115],{"class":74},[60,113576,111032],{"class":24682},[60,113578,128],{"class":74},[46,113580,1773],{"id":1772},[553,113582,1777,113584,102502],{"id":113583},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,113585,107806],{},[20,113587,102505],{},[553,113589,1796,113591,113593],{"id":113590},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,113592,102562],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,113595,113596],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[553,113598,28261,113600,113602],{"id":113599},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,113601,102562],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,113604,1812,113605,113607],{},[15,113606,102562],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[553,113609,113611],{"id":113610},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,113613,113614],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[553,113616,5126,113618,544,113620,1435],{"id":113617},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,113619,102562],{},[15,113621,113622],{},"|",[20,113624,113625,113626,113628,113629,113631],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,113627,113622],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,113630,102562],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[46,113633,1842],{"id":1841},[30,113635,113636,113640,113646,113652,113658],{},[33,113637,113638],{},[260,113639,96091],{"href":97262},[33,113641,113642],{},[260,113643,1875,113644,1869],{"href":98282},[15,113645,97077],{},[33,113647,113648],{},[260,113649,1875,113650,1869],{"href":102551},[15,113651,106336],{},[33,113653,113654],{},[260,113655,1875,113656,1869],{"href":113521},[15,113657,100182],{},[33,113659,113660],{},[260,113661,100107],{"href":98840},[1885,113663,113664],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":113666},[113667,113668,113670,113671,113672,113673,113675,113681,113686,113693,113694,113705],{"id":1971,"depth":104,"text":1972},{"id":111762,"depth":104,"text":113669},"What set.union() does",{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199},{"id":21902,"depth":104,"text":21903},{"id":11410,"depth":104,"text":11411},{"id":112249,"depth":104,"text":113674},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112407,"depth":104,"text":113676,"children":113677},"Using union() with other iterables",[113678,113679,113680],{"id":112418,"depth":131,"text":112419},{"id":112538,"depth":131,"text":112539},{"id":112680,"depth":131,"text":112681},{"id":112818,"depth":104,"text":113682,"children":113683},"union() vs update()",[113684,113685],{"id":111032,"depth":131,"text":102562},{"id":30396,"depth":131,"text":14888},{"id":4467,"depth":104,"text":4468,"children":113687},[113688,113690,113691,113692],{"id":113025,"depth":131,"text":113689},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113193,"depth":131,"text":113194},{"id":113262,"depth":131,"text":113263},{"id":113388,"depth":131,"text":113389},{"id":113486,"depth":104,"text":113487},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":113695},[113696,113698,113700,113702,113703],{"id":113583,"depth":131,"text":113697},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113590,"depth":131,"text":113699},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113599,"depth":131,"text":113701},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113610,"depth":131,"text":113611},{"id":113617,"depth":131,"text":113704},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111642,"description":113706},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113712,"title":113713,"body":113714,"description":115603,"extension":1930,"meta":115604,"navigation":421,"path":96576,"seo":115605,"stem":115606,"__hash__":115607},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113715,"toc":115569},[113716,113721,113726,113734,113736,113794,113799,113804,113808,113820,113823,113897,113902,113904,113906,113925,113927,113944,113947,113974,113976,114046,114050,114052,114058,114060,114121,114126,114128,114185,114189,114194,114259,114261,114281,114288,114292,114297,114382,114385,114392,114495,114499,114504,114562,114565,114576,114590,114597,114655,114662,114665,114675,114679,114737,114741,114807,114810,114868,114875,114882,114885,114889,114898,114967,114971,114977,115065,115075,115079,115083,115087,115090,115151,115156,115213,115217,115219,115254,115261,115263,115317,115324,115328,115331,115396,115405,115411,115468,115470,115475,115479,115483,115486,115493,115501,115505,115510,115514,115520,115522,115557,115566],[10,113717,95963,113719,18],{"id":113718},"python-set-update-method",[15,113720,14888],{},[20,113722,113723,113725],{},[15,113724,97077],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,113727,113728,113729,113733],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[260,113730,113731],{"href":98263},[15,113732,95971],{},", which adds only one item.",[46,113735,49],{"id":48},[51,113737,113739],{"className":53,"code":113738,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113740,113741,113757,113779,113789],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,113742,113743,113745,113747,113749,113751,113753,113755],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,113744,67],{"class":66},[60,113746,71],{"class":70},[60,113748,10426],{"class":74},[60,113750,79],{"class":78},[60,113752,82],{"class":74},[60,113754,85],{"class":78},[60,113756,9244],{"class":74},[60,113758,113759,113761,113763,113765,113767,113769,113771,113773,113775,113777],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,113760,1506],{"class":66},[60,113762,115],{"class":74},[60,113764,30396],{"class":118},[60,113766,835],{"class":74},[60,113768,125],{"class":78},[60,113770,82],{"class":74},[60,113772,94],{"class":78},[60,113774,82],{"class":74},[60,113776,800],{"class":78},[60,113778,1193],{"class":74},[60,113780,113781,113783,113785,113787],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,113782,135],{"class":134},[60,113784,122],{"class":74},[60,113786,1506],{"class":118},[60,113788,128],{"class":74},[60,113790,113791],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,113792,113793],{"class":146},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,113795,150,113796,113798],{},[15,113797,14888],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[46,113800,158,113802,161],{"id":113801},"what-setupdate-does",[15,113803,97077],{},[20,113805,113806,166],{},[15,113807,97077],{},[30,113809,113810,113813,113815,113818],{},[33,113811,113812],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[33,113814,96078],{},[33,113816,113817],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[33,113819,96081],{},[20,113821,113822],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[51,113824,113826],{"className":53,"code":113825,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,113827,113828,113852,113878,113882,113892],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,113829,113830,113832,113834,113836,113838,113840,113842,113844,113846,113848,113850],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,113831,377],{"class":66},[60,113833,71],{"class":70},[60,113835,10426],{"class":74},[60,113837,256],{"class":255},[60,113839,386],{"class":259},[60,113841,256],{"class":255},[60,113843,82],{"class":74},[60,113845,267],{"class":255},[60,113847,395],{"class":259},[60,113849,256],{"class":255},[60,113851,9244],{"class":74},[60,113853,113854,113856,113858,113860,113862,113864,113866,113868,113870,113872,113874,113876],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,113855,431],{"class":66},[60,113857,115],{"class":74},[60,113859,30396],{"class":118},[60,113861,835],{"class":74},[60,113863,256],{"class":255},[60,113865,395],{"class":259},[60,113867,256],{"class":255},[60,113869,82],{"class":74},[60,113871,267],{"class":255},[60,113873,404],{"class":259},[60,113875,256],{"class":255},[60,113877,1193],{"class":74},[60,113879,113880],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,113881,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,113883,113884,113886,113888,113890],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,113885,135],{"class":134},[60,113887,122],{"class":74},[60,113889,431],{"class":118},[60,113891,128],{"class":74},[60,113893,113894],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,113895,113896],{"class":146},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,113898,20911,113899,113901],{},[15,113900,110797],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[46,113903,199],{"id":198},[20,113905,7160],{},[51,113907,113909],{"className":53,"code":113908,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,113910,113911],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,113912,113913,113915,113917,113919,113921,113923],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,113914,15601],{"class":66},[60,113916,115],{"class":74},[60,113918,30396],{"class":118},[60,113920,122],{"class":74},[60,113922,3675],{"class":118},[60,113924,128],{"class":74},[20,113926,79963],{},[30,113928,113929,113932,113935,113938,113941],{},[33,113930,113931],{},"A list",[33,113933,113934],{},"A tuple",[33,113936,113937],{},"Another set",[33,113939,113940],{},"A string",[33,113942,113943],{},"Any other iterable",[20,113945,113946],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[51,113948,113950],{"className":53,"code":113949,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,113951,113952],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,113953,113954,113956,113958,113960,113962,113964,113966,113968,113970,113972],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,113955,15601],{"class":66},[60,113957,115],{"class":74},[60,113959,30396],{"class":118},[60,113961,122],{"class":74},[60,113963,260],{"class":118},[60,113965,82],{"class":74},[60,113967,2520],{"class":118},[60,113969,82],{"class":74},[60,113971,9617],{"class":118},[60,113973,128],{"class":74},[20,113975,238],{},[51,113977,113979],{"className":53,"code":113978,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,113980,113981,113993,114027,114031,114041],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,113982,113983,113985,113987,113989,113991],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,113984,674],{"class":66},[60,113986,71],{"class":70},[60,113988,10426],{"class":74},[60,113990,79],{"class":78},[60,113992,9244],{"class":74},[60,113994,113995,113997,113999,114001,114003,114005,114007,114009,114011,114013,114015,114017,114019,114021,114023,114025],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,113996,706],{"class":66},[60,113998,115],{"class":74},[60,114000,30396],{"class":118},[60,114002,835],{"class":74},[60,114004,125],{"class":78},[60,114006,82],{"class":74},[60,114008,94],{"class":78},[60,114010,791],{"class":74},[60,114012,9171],{"class":74},[60,114014,2465],{"class":78},[60,114016,82],{"class":74},[60,114018,4555],{"class":78},[60,114020,9168],{"class":74},[60,114022,10426],{"class":74},[60,114024,80354],{"class":78},[60,114026,30428],{"class":74},[60,114028,114029],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,114030,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,114032,114033,114035,114037,114039],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,114034,135],{"class":134},[60,114036,122],{"class":74},[60,114038,706],{"class":118},[60,114040,128],{"class":74},[60,114042,114043],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,114044,114045],{"class":146},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,114047,96087,114048,115],{},[260,114049,96095],{"href":97646},[46,114051,21903],{"id":21902},[20,114053,114054,2361,114056,115],{},[15,114055,97077],{},[15,114057,3734],{},[20,114059,11651],{},[51,114061,114063],{"className":53,"code":114062,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114064,114065,114081,114103,114107,114117],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,114066,114067,114069,114071,114073,114075,114077,114079],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,114068,67],{"class":66},[60,114070,71],{"class":70},[60,114072,10426],{"class":74},[60,114074,79],{"class":78},[60,114076,82],{"class":74},[60,114078,85],{"class":78},[60,114080,9244],{"class":74},[60,114082,114083,114085,114087,114089,114091,114093,114095,114097,114099,114101],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,114084,107],{"class":66},[60,114086,71],{"class":70},[60,114088,112],{"class":66},[60,114090,115],{"class":74},[60,114092,30396],{"class":118},[60,114094,835],{"class":74},[60,114096,189],{"class":78},[60,114098,82],{"class":74},[60,114100,800],{"class":78},[60,114102,1193],{"class":74},[60,114104,114105],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,114106,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,114108,114109,114111,114113,114115],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,114110,135],{"class":134},[60,114112,122],{"class":74},[60,114114,140],{"class":118},[60,114116,128],{"class":74},[60,114118,114119],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,114120,61590],{"class":146},[20,114122,114123,114124,115],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,114125,140],{},[20,114127,18902],{},[51,114129,114131],{"className":53,"code":114130,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114132,114133,114149,114167,114171,114181],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,114134,114135,114137,114139,114141,114143,114145,114147],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,114136,67],{"class":66},[60,114138,71],{"class":70},[60,114140,10426],{"class":74},[60,114142,79],{"class":78},[60,114144,82],{"class":74},[60,114146,85],{"class":78},[60,114148,9244],{"class":74},[60,114150,114151,114153,114155,114157,114159,114161,114163,114165],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,114152,1506],{"class":66},[60,114154,115],{"class":74},[60,114156,30396],{"class":118},[60,114158,835],{"class":74},[60,114160,189],{"class":78},[60,114162,82],{"class":74},[60,114164,800],{"class":78},[60,114166,1193],{"class":74},[60,114168,114169],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,114170,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,114172,114173,114175,114177,114179],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,114174,135],{"class":134},[60,114176,122],{"class":74},[60,114178,1506],{"class":118},[60,114180,128],{"class":74},[60,114182,114183],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,114184,113793],{"class":146},[46,114186,114188],{"id":114187},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,114190,114191,114192,115],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,114193,14888],{},[51,114195,114197],{"className":53,"code":114196,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114198,114199,114215,114241,114245,114255],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,114200,114201,114203,114205,114207,114209,114211,114213],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,114202,67],{"class":66},[60,114204,71],{"class":70},[60,114206,10426],{"class":74},[60,114208,79],{"class":78},[60,114210,82],{"class":74},[60,114212,85],{"class":78},[60,114214,9244],{"class":74},[60,114216,114217,114219,114221,114223,114225,114227,114229,114231,114233,114235,114237,114239],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,114218,1506],{"class":66},[60,114220,115],{"class":74},[60,114222,30396],{"class":118},[60,114224,835],{"class":74},[60,114226,125],{"class":78},[60,114228,82],{"class":74},[60,114230,94],{"class":78},[60,114232,82],{"class":74},[60,114234,800],{"class":78},[60,114236,82],{"class":74},[60,114238,800],{"class":78},[60,114240,1193],{"class":74},[60,114242,114243],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,114244,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,114246,114247,114249,114251,114253],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,114248,135],{"class":134},[60,114250,122],{"class":74},[60,114252,1506],{"class":118},[60,114254,128],{"class":74},[60,114256,114257],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,114258,113793],{"class":146},[20,114260,11620],{},[30,114262,114263,114268,114275],{},[33,114264,114265,114267],{},[15,114266,125],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[33,114269,114270,544,114272,114274],{},[15,114271,189],{},[15,114273,2465],{}," are added",[33,114276,114277,114278,114280],{},"The second ",[15,114279,2465],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,114282,114283,114284,114287],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[260,114285,114286],{"href":98840},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[46,114289,114291],{"id":114290},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,114293,7705,114294,114296],{},[15,114295,14888],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[51,114298,114300],{"className":53,"code":114299,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,114301,114302,114323,114344,114348,114364,114368,114378],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,114303,114304,114307,114309,114311,114313,114315,114317,114319,114321],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,114305,114306],{"class":66},"set_a ",[60,114308,71],{"class":70},[60,114310,10426],{"class":74},[60,114312,79],{"class":78},[60,114314,82],{"class":74},[60,114316,85],{"class":78},[60,114318,82],{"class":74},[60,114320,94],{"class":78},[60,114322,9244],{"class":74},[60,114324,114325,114328,114330,114332,114334,114336,114338,114340,114342],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,114326,114327],{"class":66},"set_b ",[60,114329,71],{"class":70},[60,114331,10426],{"class":74},[60,114333,189],{"class":78},[60,114335,82],{"class":74},[60,114337,800],{"class":78},[60,114339,82],{"class":74},[60,114341,4555],{"class":78},[60,114343,9244],{"class":74},[60,114345,114346],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,114347,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,114349,114350,114353,114355,114357,114359,114362],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,114351,114352],{"class":66},"set_a",[60,114354,115],{"class":74},[60,114356,30396],{"class":118},[60,114358,122],{"class":74},[60,114360,114361],{"class":118},"set_b",[60,114363,128],{"class":74},[60,114365,114366],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,114367,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,114369,114370,114372,114374,114376],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,114371,135],{"class":134},[60,114373,122],{"class":74},[60,114375,114352],{"class":118},[60,114377,128],{"class":74},[60,114379,114380],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,114381,111754],{"class":146},[20,114383,114384],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,114386,114387,114388,115],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[260,114389,114390],{"href":102559},[15,114391,107806],{},[51,114393,114395],{"className":53,"code":114394,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114396,114397,114417,114437,114441,114461,114465,114476,114480,114490],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,114398,114399,114401,114403,114405,114407,114409,114411,114413,114415],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,114400,114306],{"class":66},[60,114402,71],{"class":70},[60,114404,10426],{"class":74},[60,114406,79],{"class":78},[60,114408,82],{"class":74},[60,114410,85],{"class":78},[60,114412,82],{"class":74},[60,114414,94],{"class":78},[60,114416,9244],{"class":74},[60,114418,114419,114421,114423,114425,114427,114429,114431,114433,114435],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,114420,114327],{"class":66},[60,114422,71],{"class":70},[60,114424,10426],{"class":74},[60,114426,189],{"class":78},[60,114428,82],{"class":74},[60,114430,800],{"class":78},[60,114432,82],{"class":74},[60,114434,4555],{"class":78},[60,114436,9244],{"class":74},[60,114438,114439],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,114440,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,114442,114443,114446,114448,114451,114453,114455,114457,114459],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,114444,114445],{"class":66},"combined ",[60,114447,71],{"class":70},[60,114449,114450],{"class":66}," set_a",[60,114452,115],{"class":74},[60,114454,111032],{"class":118},[60,114456,122],{"class":74},[60,114458,114361],{"class":118},[60,114460,128],{"class":74},[60,114462,114463],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,114464,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,114466,114467,114469,114471,114474],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,114468,135],{"class":134},[60,114470,122],{"class":74},[60,114472,114473],{"class":118},"combined",[60,114475,128],{"class":74},[60,114477,114478],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,114479,111754],{"class":146},[60,114481,114482,114484,114486,114488],{"class":62,"line":6367},[60,114483,135],{"class":134},[60,114485,122],{"class":74},[60,114487,114352],{"class":118},[60,114489,128],{"class":74},[60,114491,114492],{"class":62,"line":6373},[60,114493,114494],{"class":146},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[46,114496,114498],{"id":114497},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,114500,64499,114501,114503],{},[15,114502,14888],{}," adds each character separately.",[51,114505,114507],{"className":53,"code":114506,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,114508,114509,114525,114543,114547,114557],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,114510,114511,114513,114515,114517,114519,114521,114523],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,114512,248],{"class":66},[60,114514,71],{"class":70},[60,114516,10426],{"class":74},[60,114518,256],{"class":255},[60,114520,2139],{"class":259},[60,114522,256],{"class":255},[60,114524,9244],{"class":74},[60,114526,114527,114529,114531,114533,114535,114537,114539,114541],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,114528,300],{"class":66},[60,114530,115],{"class":74},[60,114532,30396],{"class":118},[60,114534,122],{"class":74},[60,114536,256],{"class":255},[60,114538,959],{"class":259},[60,114540,256],{"class":255},[60,114542,128],{"class":74},[60,114544,114545],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,114546,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,114548,114549,114551,114553,114555],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,114550,135],{"class":134},[60,114552,122],{"class":74},[60,114554,300],{"class":118},[60,114556,128],{"class":74},[60,114558,114559],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,114560,114561],{"class":146},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,114563,114564],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,114566,114567,13989,114570,114572,114573,114575],{},[15,114568,114569],{},"update(\"cat\")",[3698,114571,4581],{}," add ",[15,114574,112799],{}," as one item. It adds:",[30,114577,114578,114582,114586],{},[33,114579,114580],{},[15,114581,66241],{},[33,114583,114584],{},[15,114585,18029],{},[33,114587,114588],{},[15,114589,112815],{},[20,114591,114592,114593,166],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[260,114594,114595],{"href":98263},[15,114596,95971],{},[51,114598,114600],{"className":53,"code":114599,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114601,114602,114618,114636,114640,114650],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,114603,114604,114606,114608,114610,114612,114614,114616],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,114605,566],{"class":66},[60,114607,71],{"class":70},[60,114609,10426],{"class":74},[60,114611,256],{"class":255},[60,114613,968],{"class":259},[60,114615,256],{"class":255},[60,114617,9244],{"class":74},[60,114619,114620,114622,114624,114626,114628,114630,114632,114634],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,114621,605],{"class":66},[60,114623,115],{"class":74},[60,114625,81866],{"class":118},[60,114627,122],{"class":74},[60,114629,256],{"class":255},[60,114631,959],{"class":259},[60,114633,256],{"class":255},[60,114635,128],{"class":74},[60,114637,114638],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,114639,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,114641,114642,114644,114646,114648],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,114643,135],{"class":134},[60,114645,122],{"class":74},[60,114647,605],{"class":118},[60,114649,128],{"class":74},[60,114651,114652],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,114653,114654],{"class":146},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[46,114656,114658,10521,114660],{"id":114657},"update-vs-add",[15,114659,14888],{},[15,114661,95966],{},[20,114663,114664],{},"The difference is simple:",[30,114666,114667,114671],{},[33,114668,114669,96565],{},[15,114670,95966],{},[33,114672,114673,96570],{},[15,114674,14888],{},[20,114676,45972,114677,166],{},[15,114678,95966],{},[51,114680,114682],{"className":53,"code":114681,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,114683,114684,114700,114718,114722,114732],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,114685,114686,114688,114690,114692,114694,114696,114698],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,114687,36173],{"class":66},[60,114689,71],{"class":70},[60,114691,10426],{"class":74},[60,114693,256],{"class":255},[60,114695,575],{"class":259},[60,114697,256],{"class":255},[60,114699,9244],{"class":74},[60,114701,114702,114704,114706,114708,114710,114712,114714,114716],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,114703,36225],{"class":66},[60,114705,115],{"class":74},[60,114707,81866],{"class":118},[60,114709,122],{"class":74},[60,114711,256],{"class":255},[60,114713,1392],{"class":259},[60,114715,256],{"class":255},[60,114717,128],{"class":74},[60,114719,114720],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,114721,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,114723,114724,114726,114728,114730],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,114725,135],{"class":134},[60,114727,122],{"class":74},[60,114729,36225],{"class":118},[60,114731,128],{"class":74},[60,114733,114734],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,114735,114736],{"class":146},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,114738,45972,114739,166],{},[15,114740,14888],{},[51,114742,114744],{"className":53,"code":114743,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,114745,114746,114762,114788,114792,114802],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,114747,114748,114750,114752,114754,114756,114758,114760],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,114749,36173],{"class":66},[60,114751,71],{"class":70},[60,114753,10426],{"class":74},[60,114755,256],{"class":255},[60,114757,575],{"class":259},[60,114759,256],{"class":255},[60,114761,9244],{"class":74},[60,114763,114764,114766,114768,114770,114772,114774,114776,114778,114780,114782,114784,114786],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,114765,36225],{"class":66},[60,114767,115],{"class":74},[60,114769,30396],{"class":118},[60,114771,835],{"class":74},[60,114773,256],{"class":255},[60,114775,1392],{"class":259},[60,114777,256],{"class":255},[60,114779,82],{"class":74},[60,114781,267],{"class":255},[60,114783,33154],{"class":259},[60,114785,256],{"class":255},[60,114787,1193],{"class":74},[60,114789,114790],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,114791,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,114793,114794,114796,114798,114800],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,114795,135],{"class":134},[60,114797,122],{"class":74},[60,114799,36225],{"class":118},[60,114801,128],{"class":74},[60,114803,114804],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,114805,114806],{"class":146},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,114808,114809],{},"Important warning with strings:",[51,114811,114813],{"className":53,"code":114812,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,114814,114815,114831,114849,114853,114863],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,114816,114817,114819,114821,114823,114825,114827,114829],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,114818,36173],{"class":66},[60,114820,71],{"class":70},[60,114822,10426],{"class":74},[60,114824,256],{"class":255},[60,114826,575],{"class":259},[60,114828,256],{"class":255},[60,114830,9244],{"class":74},[60,114832,114833,114835,114837,114839,114841,114843,114845,114847],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,114834,36225],{"class":66},[60,114836,115],{"class":74},[60,114838,30396],{"class":118},[60,114840,122],{"class":74},[60,114842,256],{"class":255},[60,114844,38274],{"class":259},[60,114846,256],{"class":255},[60,114848,128],{"class":74},[60,114850,114851],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,114852,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,114854,114855,114857,114859,114861],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,114856,135],{"class":134},[60,114858,122],{"class":74},[60,114860,36225],{"class":118},[60,114862,128],{"class":74},[60,114864,114865],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,114866,114867],{"class":146},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,114869,61865,114870,61938,114873,6573],{},[15,114871,114872],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,114874,95966],{},[46,114876,114878,10521,114880],{"id":114877},"update-vs-union",[15,114879,14888],{},[15,114881,102562],{},[20,114883,114884],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[553,114886,114887],{"id":30396},[15,114888,14888],{},[30,114890,114891,114894],{},[33,114892,114893],{},"Changes the existing set",[33,114895,11359,114896],{},[15,114897,3734],{},[51,114899,114901],{"className":53,"code":114900,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114902,114903,114919,114935,114939,114953,114963],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,114904,114905,114907,114909,114911,114913,114915,114917],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,114906,2515],{"class":66},[60,114908,71],{"class":70},[60,114910,10426],{"class":74},[60,114912,79],{"class":78},[60,114914,82],{"class":74},[60,114916,85],{"class":78},[60,114918,9244],{"class":74},[60,114920,114921,114923,114925,114927,114929,114931,114933],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,114922,2543],{"class":66},[60,114924,71],{"class":70},[60,114926,10426],{"class":74},[60,114928,125],{"class":78},[60,114930,82],{"class":74},[60,114932,94],{"class":78},[60,114934,9244],{"class":74},[60,114936,114937],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,114938,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,114940,114941,114943,114945,114947,114949,114951],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,114942,260],{"class":66},[60,114944,115],{"class":74},[60,114946,30396],{"class":118},[60,114948,122],{"class":74},[60,114950,270],{"class":118},[60,114952,128],{"class":74},[60,114954,114955,114957,114959,114961],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,114956,135],{"class":134},[60,114958,122],{"class":74},[60,114960,260],{"class":118},[60,114962,128],{"class":74},[60,114964,114965],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,114966,114494],{"class":146},[553,114968,114969],{"id":111032},[15,114970,102562],{},[30,114972,114973,114975],{},[33,114974,101100],{},[33,114976,101103],{},[51,114978,114980],{"className":53,"code":114979,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,114981,114982,114998,115014,115018,115036,115046,115050,115060],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,114983,114984,114986,114988,114990,114992,114994,114996],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,114985,2515],{"class":66},[60,114987,71],{"class":70},[60,114989,10426],{"class":74},[60,114991,79],{"class":78},[60,114993,82],{"class":74},[60,114995,85],{"class":78},[60,114997,9244],{"class":74},[60,114999,115000,115002,115004,115006,115008,115010,115012],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,115001,2543],{"class":66},[60,115003,71],{"class":70},[60,115005,10426],{"class":74},[60,115007,125],{"class":78},[60,115009,82],{"class":74},[60,115011,94],{"class":78},[60,115013,9244],{"class":74},[60,115015,115016],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,115017,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,115019,115020,115022,115024,115026,115028,115030,115032,115034],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,115021,82946],{"class":66},[60,115023,71],{"class":70},[60,115025,56809],{"class":66},[60,115027,115],{"class":74},[60,115029,111032],{"class":118},[60,115031,122],{"class":74},[60,115033,270],{"class":118},[60,115035,128],{"class":74},[60,115037,115038,115040,115042,115044],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,115039,135],{"class":134},[60,115041,122],{"class":74},[60,115043,287],{"class":118},[60,115045,128],{"class":74},[60,115047,115048],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,115049,114494],{"class":146},[60,115051,115052,115054,115056,115058],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,115053,135],{"class":134},[60,115055,122],{"class":74},[60,115057,260],{"class":118},[60,115059,128],{"class":74},[60,115061,115062],{"class":62,"line":6367},[60,115063,115064],{"class":146},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,115066,107448,115067,115069,115070,115074],{},[15,115068,14888],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[260,115071,115072],{"href":102559},[15,115073,102562],{}," when you want a new set.",[46,115076,115078],{"id":115077},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,115080,10683,115081,115],{},[15,115082,97077],{},[553,115084,115086],{"id":115085},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,115088,115089],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[51,115091,115093],{"className":53,"code":115092,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,115094,115095,115111,115133,115137,115147],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,115096,115097,115099,115101,115103,115105,115107,115109],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,115098,15563],{"class":66},[60,115100,71],{"class":70},[60,115102,10426],{"class":74},[60,115104,79],{"class":78},[60,115106,82],{"class":74},[60,115108,85],{"class":78},[60,115110,9244],{"class":74},[60,115112,115113,115115,115117,115119,115121,115123,115125,115127,115129,115131],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,115114,107],{"class":66},[60,115116,71],{"class":70},[60,115118,96687],{"class":66},[60,115120,115],{"class":74},[60,115122,30396],{"class":118},[60,115124,835],{"class":74},[60,115126,189],{"class":78},[60,115128,82],{"class":74},[60,115130,800],{"class":78},[60,115132,1193],{"class":74},[60,115134,115135],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,115136,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,115138,115139,115141,115143,115145],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,115140,135],{"class":134},[60,115142,122],{"class":74},[60,115144,140],{"class":118},[60,115146,128],{"class":74},[60,115148,115149],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,115150,61590],{"class":146},[20,115152,115153,115154,166],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,115155,14888],{},[51,115157,115159],{"className":53,"code":115158,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,115160,115161,115177,115195,115199,115209],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,115162,115163,115165,115167,115169,115171,115173,115175],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,115164,15563],{"class":66},[60,115166,71],{"class":70},[60,115168,10426],{"class":74},[60,115170,79],{"class":78},[60,115172,82],{"class":74},[60,115174,85],{"class":78},[60,115176,9244],{"class":74},[60,115178,115179,115181,115183,115185,115187,115189,115191,115193],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,115180,15601],{"class":66},[60,115182,115],{"class":74},[60,115184,30396],{"class":118},[60,115186,835],{"class":74},[60,115188,189],{"class":78},[60,115190,82],{"class":74},[60,115192,800],{"class":78},[60,115194,1193],{"class":74},[60,115196,115197],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,115198,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,115200,115201,115203,115205,115207],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,115202,135],{"class":134},[60,115204,122],{"class":74},[60,115206,15601],{"class":118},[60,115208,128],{"class":74},[60,115210,115211],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,115212,113793],{"class":146},[553,115214,115216],{"id":115215},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,115218,2797],{},[51,115220,115222],{"className":53,"code":115221,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,115223,115224,115240],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,115225,115226,115228,115230,115232,115234,115236,115238],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,115227,15563],{"class":66},[60,115229,71],{"class":70},[60,115231,10426],{"class":74},[60,115233,79],{"class":78},[60,115235,82],{"class":74},[60,115237,85],{"class":78},[60,115239,9244],{"class":74},[60,115241,115242,115244,115246,115248,115250,115252],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,115243,15601],{"class":66},[60,115245,115],{"class":74},[60,115247,30396],{"class":118},[60,115249,122],{"class":74},[60,115251,1086],{"class":78},[60,115253,128],{"class":74},[20,115255,62044,115256,8537,115258,115260],{},[15,115257,2964],{},[15,115259,1086],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,115262,6496],{},[51,115264,115266],{"className":53,"code":115265,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,115267,115268,115284,115298,115302,115312],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,115269,115270,115272,115274,115276,115278,115280,115282],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,115271,15563],{"class":66},[60,115273,71],{"class":70},[60,115275,10426],{"class":74},[60,115277,79],{"class":78},[60,115279,82],{"class":74},[60,115281,85],{"class":78},[60,115283,9244],{"class":74},[60,115285,115286,115288,115290,115292,115294,115296],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,115287,15601],{"class":66},[60,115289,115],{"class":74},[60,115291,30396],{"class":118},[60,115293,835],{"class":74},[60,115295,1086],{"class":78},[60,115297,1193],{"class":74},[60,115299,115300],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,115301,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,115303,115304,115306,115308,115310],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,115305,135],{"class":134},[60,115307,122],{"class":74},[60,115309,15601],{"class":118},[60,115311,128],{"class":74},[60,115313,115314],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,115315,115316],{"class":146},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,115318,45845,115319,115],{},[260,115320,25612,115321],{"href":52526},[15,115322,115323],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[553,115325,115327],{"id":115326},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,115329,115330],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[51,115332,115334],{"className":53,"code":115333,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115335,115336,115352,115378,115382,115392],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,115337,115338,115340,115342,115344,115346,115348,115350],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,115339,15563],{"class":66},[60,115341,71],{"class":70},[60,115343,10426],{"class":74},[60,115345,79],{"class":78},[60,115347,82],{"class":74},[60,115349,85],{"class":78},[60,115351,9244],{"class":74},[60,115353,115354,115356,115358,115360,115362,115364,115366,115368,115370,115372,115374,115376],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,115355,15601],{"class":66},[60,115357,115],{"class":74},[60,115359,30396],{"class":118},[60,115361,835],{"class":74},[60,115363,125],{"class":78},[60,115365,82],{"class":74},[60,115367,85],{"class":78},[60,115369,82],{"class":74},[60,115371,85],{"class":78},[60,115373,82],{"class":74},[60,115375,94],{"class":78},[60,115377,1193],{"class":74},[60,115379,115380],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,115381,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,115383,115384,115386,115388,115390],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,115385,135],{"class":134},[60,115387,122],{"class":74},[60,115389,15601],{"class":118},[60,115391,128],{"class":74},[60,115393,115394],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,115395,114494],{"class":146},[553,115397,115399,115400,44561,115402,115404],{"id":115398},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,115401,14888],{},[15,115403,95966],{}," is better",[20,115406,115407,115408,115410],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,115409,95966],{}," is usually the better choice.",[51,115412,115414],{"className":53,"code":115413,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115415,115416,115432,115450,115454,115464],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,115417,115418,115420,115422,115424,115426,115428,115430],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,115419,15563],{"class":66},[60,115421,71],{"class":70},[60,115423,10426],{"class":74},[60,115425,256],{"class":255},[60,115427,968],{"class":259},[60,115429,256],{"class":255},[60,115431,9244],{"class":74},[60,115433,115434,115436,115438,115440,115442,115444,115446,115448],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,115435,15601],{"class":66},[60,115437,115],{"class":74},[60,115439,81866],{"class":118},[60,115441,122],{"class":74},[60,115443,256],{"class":255},[60,115445,959],{"class":259},[60,115447,256],{"class":255},[60,115449,128],{"class":74},[60,115451,115452],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,115453,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,115455,115456,115458,115460,115462],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,115457,135],{"class":134},[60,115459,122],{"class":74},[60,115461,15601],{"class":118},[60,115463,128],{"class":74},[60,115465,115466],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,115467,114654],{"class":146},[46,115469,1773],{"id":1772},[553,115471,1777,115473,97056],{"id":115472},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,115474,97077],{},[20,115476,97059,115477,115],{},[15,115478,3734],{},[553,115480,28261,115481,32159],{"id":32156},[15,115482,14888],{},[20,115484,115485],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[553,115487,5126,115489,544,115491,1435],{"id":115488},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,115490,95966],{},[15,115492,14888],{},[20,115494,115495,115497,115498,115500],{},[15,115496,95966],{}," adds one item. ",[15,115499,14888],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[553,115502,115504],{"id":115503},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,115506,115507,115508,114503],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,115509,14888],{},[553,115511,115513],{"id":115512},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,115515,150,115516,11028,115518,115],{},[15,115517,102562],{},[15,115519,14888],{},[46,115521,1842],{"id":1841},[30,115523,115524,115531,115538,115544,115550],{},[33,115525,115526],{},[260,115527,115528],{"href":98263},[15,115529,115530],{},"Python set add() method",[33,115532,115533],{},[260,115534,115535],{"href":102559},[15,115536,115537],{},"Python set union() method",[33,115539,115540],{},[260,115541,115542],{"href":97646},[15,115543,97101],{},[33,115545,115546],{},[260,115547,115548],{"href":98840},[15,115549,100107],{},[33,115551,115552],{},[260,115553,115554,115556],{"href":52526},[15,115555,115323],{}," fix",[20,115558,115559,115560,115562,115563,115565],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,115561,95971],{}," for a single value and ",[15,115564,107806],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[1885,115567,115568],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":115570},[115571,115572,115574,115575,115576,115577,115578,115579,115581,115586,115593,115602],{"id":48,"depth":104,"text":49},{"id":113801,"depth":104,"text":115573},"What set.update() does",{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199},{"id":21902,"depth":104,"text":21903},{"id":114187,"depth":104,"text":114188},{"id":114290,"depth":104,"text":114291},{"id":114497,"depth":104,"text":114498},{"id":114657,"depth":104,"text":115580},"update() vs add()",{"id":114877,"depth":104,"text":115582,"children":115583},"update() vs union()",[115584,115585],{"id":30396,"depth":131,"text":14888},{"id":111032,"depth":131,"text":102562},{"id":115077,"depth":104,"text":115078,"children":115587},[115588,115589,115590,115591],{"id":115085,"depth":131,"text":115086},{"id":115215,"depth":131,"text":115216},{"id":115326,"depth":131,"text":115327},{"id":115398,"depth":131,"text":115592},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":115594},[115595,115597,115598,115600,115601],{"id":115472,"depth":131,"text":115596},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32156,"depth":131,"text":32229},{"id":115488,"depth":131,"text":115599},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115503,"depth":131,"text":115504},{"id":115512,"depth":131,"text":115513},{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113713,"description":115603},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115609,"title":115610,"body":115611,"description":117377,"extension":1930,"meta":117378,"navigation":421,"path":13725,"seo":117379,"stem":117380,"__hash__":117381},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115612,"toc":117352},[115613,115616,115619,115622,115633,115641,115644,115646,115795,115807,115811,115828,115832,115840,115842,115853,115855,115952,115958,115961,116057,116066,116071,116075,116080,116082,116092,116094,116203,116211,116215,116218,116221,116238,116244,116324,116327,116331,116334,116338,116341,116400,116403,116407,116410,116502,116506,116509,116616,116620,116626,116654,116656,116738,116748,116752,116755,116766,116769,116854,116857,116862,116866,116869,116880,116883,117025,117028,117032,117035,117049,117052,117113,117119,117121,117124,117146,117149,117249,117252,117284,117286,117290,117293,117295,117298,117302,117305,117309,117312,117316,117319,117321,117349],[10,115614,115610],{"id":115615},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,115617,115618],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,115620,115621],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[30,115623,115624,115627,115630],{},[33,115625,115626],{},"a list inside another list",[33,115628,115629],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[33,115631,115632],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,115634,100029,115635,544,115637,115640],{},[3698,115636,12787],{},[3698,115638,115639],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,115642,115643],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[46,115645,1972],{"id":1971},[51,115647,115649],{"className":53,"code":115648,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115650,115651,115658,115662,115688,115708,115728,115732,115750,115754,115767,115781],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,115652,115653,115655],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,115654,35025],{"class":1537},[60,115656,115657],{"class":66}," copy\n",[60,115659,115660],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,115661,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,115663,115664,115666,115668,115670,115672,115674,115676,115678,115680,115682,115684,115686],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,115665,12022],{"class":66},[60,115667,71],{"class":70},[60,115669,782],{"class":74},[60,115671,79],{"class":78},[60,115673,82],{"class":74},[60,115675,85],{"class":78},[60,115677,791],{"class":74},[60,115679,75],{"class":74},[60,115681,189],{"class":78},[60,115683,82],{"class":74},[60,115685,800],{"class":78},[60,115687,819],{"class":74},[60,115689,115690,115693,115695,115698,115700,115702,115704,115706],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,115691,115692],{"class":66},"shallow ",[60,115694,71],{"class":70},[60,115696,115697],{"class":66}," copy",[60,115699,115],{"class":74},[60,115701,12848],{"class":118},[60,115703,122],{"class":74},[60,115705,12069],{"class":118},[60,115707,128],{"class":74},[60,115709,115710,115713,115715,115717,115719,115722,115724,115726],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,115711,115712],{"class":66},"deep ",[60,115714,71],{"class":70},[60,115716,115697],{"class":66},[60,115718,115],{"class":74},[60,115720,115721],{"class":118},"deepcopy",[60,115723,122],{"class":74},[60,115725,12069],{"class":118},[60,115727,128],{"class":74},[60,115729,115730],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,115731,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,115733,115734,115736,115738,115740,115742,115744,115746,115748],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,115735,12069],{"class":66},[60,115737,3854],{"class":74},[60,115739,195],{"class":78},[60,115741,13485],{"class":74},[60,115743,13488],{"class":118},[60,115745,122],{"class":74},[60,115747,56268],{"class":78},[60,115749,128],{"class":74},[60,115751,115752],{"class":62,"line":6367},[60,115753,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,115755,115756,115758,115760,115762,115764],{"class":62,"line":6373},[60,115757,135],{"class":134},[60,115759,122],{"class":74},[60,115761,12069],{"class":118},[60,115763,143],{"class":74},[60,115765,115766],{"class":146},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[60,115768,115769,115771,115773,115776,115778],{"class":62,"line":6378},[60,115770,135],{"class":134},[60,115772,122],{"class":74},[60,115774,115775],{"class":118},"shallow",[60,115777,143],{"class":74},[60,115779,115780],{"class":146},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[60,115782,115783,115785,115787,115790,115792],{"class":62,"line":11531},[60,115784,135],{"class":134},[60,115786,122],{"class":74},[60,115788,115789],{"class":118},"deep",[60,115791,143],{"class":74},[60,115793,115794],{"class":146},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115796,150,115797,115800,115801,544,115803,115806],{},[15,115798,115799],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[3698,115802,12787],{},[15,115804,115805],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[46,115808,115810],{"id":115809},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[30,115812,115813,115816,115819,115822,115825],{},[33,115814,115815],{},"What a copy means in Python",[33,115817,115818],{},"How shallow copy works",[33,115820,115821],{},"How deep copy works",[33,115823,115824],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[33,115826,115827],{},"When to use each approach",[46,115829,115831],{"id":115830},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,115833,15123,115834,115836,115837,115839],{},[3698,115835,12787],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[3698,115838,4581],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,115841,2075],{},[30,115843,115844,115847,115850],{},[33,115845,115846],{},"the outer container is new",[33,115848,115849],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[33,115851,115852],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,115854,238],{},[51,115856,115858],{"className":53,"code":115857,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,115859,115860,115886,115900,115904,115922,115926,115939],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,115861,115862,115864,115866,115868,115870,115872,115874,115876,115878,115880,115882,115884],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,115863,12022],{"class":66},[60,115865,71],{"class":70},[60,115867,782],{"class":74},[60,115869,79],{"class":78},[60,115871,82],{"class":74},[60,115873,85],{"class":78},[60,115875,791],{"class":74},[60,115877,75],{"class":74},[60,115879,189],{"class":78},[60,115881,82],{"class":74},[60,115883,800],{"class":78},[60,115885,819],{"class":74},[60,115887,115888,115890,115892,115894,115896,115898],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,115889,14247],{"class":66},[60,115891,71],{"class":70},[60,115893,12097],{"class":66},[60,115895,115],{"class":74},[60,115897,12848],{"class":118},[60,115899,8579],{"class":74},[60,115901,115902],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,115903,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,115905,115906,115908,115910,115912,115914,115916,115918,115920],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,115907,14266],{"class":66},[60,115909,115],{"class":74},[60,115911,13488],{"class":118},[60,115913,835],{"class":74},[60,115915,1086],{"class":78},[60,115917,82],{"class":74},[60,115919,37578],{"class":78},[60,115921,1193],{"class":74},[60,115923,115924],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,115925,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,115927,115928,115930,115932,115934,115936],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,115929,135],{"class":134},[60,115931,122],{"class":74},[60,115933,12069],{"class":118},[60,115935,143],{"class":74},[60,115937,115938],{"class":146},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[60,115940,115941,115943,115945,115947,115949],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,115942,135],{"class":134},[60,115944,122],{"class":74},[60,115946,14266],{"class":118},[60,115948,143],{"class":74},[60,115950,115951],{"class":146},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,115953,115954,115955,115957],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,115956,14266],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,115959,115960],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[51,115962,115964],{"className":53,"code":115963,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115965,115966,115992,116006,116010,116028,116032,116044],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,115967,115968,115970,115972,115974,115976,115978,115980,115982,115984,115986,115988,115990],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,115969,12022],{"class":66},[60,115971,71],{"class":70},[60,115973,782],{"class":74},[60,115975,79],{"class":78},[60,115977,82],{"class":74},[60,115979,85],{"class":78},[60,115981,791],{"class":74},[60,115983,75],{"class":74},[60,115985,189],{"class":78},[60,115987,82],{"class":74},[60,115989,800],{"class":78},[60,115991,819],{"class":74},[60,115993,115994,115996,115998,116000,116002,116004],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,115995,14247],{"class":66},[60,115997,71],{"class":70},[60,115999,12097],{"class":66},[60,116001,115],{"class":74},[60,116003,12848],{"class":118},[60,116005,8579],{"class":74},[60,116007,116008],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,116009,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,116011,116012,116014,116016,116018,116020,116022,116024,116026],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,116013,14266],{"class":66},[60,116015,3854],{"class":74},[60,116017,195],{"class":78},[60,116019,13485],{"class":74},[60,116021,13488],{"class":118},[60,116023,122],{"class":74},[60,116025,56268],{"class":78},[60,116027,128],{"class":74},[60,116029,116030],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,116031,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,116033,116034,116036,116038,116040,116042],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,116035,135],{"class":134},[60,116037,122],{"class":74},[60,116039,12069],{"class":118},[60,116041,143],{"class":74},[60,116043,115766],{"class":146},[60,116045,116046,116048,116050,116052,116054],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,116047,135],{"class":134},[60,116049,122],{"class":74},[60,116051,14266],{"class":118},[60,116053,143],{"class":74},[60,116055,116056],{"class":146},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116058,116059,116060,544,116062,116065],{},"Both changed because ",[15,116061,56372],{},[15,116063,116064],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,116067,116068,116069,115],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[260,116070,43867],{"href":12001},[46,116072,116074],{"id":116073},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,116076,15123,116077,116079],{},[3698,116078,115639],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,116081,2075],{},[30,116083,116084,116086,116089],{},[33,116085,115846],{},[33,116087,116088],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[33,116090,116091],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,116093,238],{},[51,116095,116097],{"className":53,"code":116096,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116098,116099,116105,116109,116135,116153,116157,116175,116179,116191],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,116100,116101,116103],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,116102,35025],{"class":1537},[60,116104,115657],{"class":66},[60,116106,116107],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,116108,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,116110,116111,116113,116115,116117,116119,116121,116123,116125,116127,116129,116131,116133],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,116112,12022],{"class":66},[60,116114,71],{"class":70},[60,116116,782],{"class":74},[60,116118,79],{"class":78},[60,116120,82],{"class":74},[60,116122,85],{"class":78},[60,116124,791],{"class":74},[60,116126,75],{"class":74},[60,116128,189],{"class":78},[60,116130,82],{"class":74},[60,116132,800],{"class":78},[60,116134,819],{"class":74},[60,116136,116137,116139,116141,116143,116145,116147,116149,116151],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,116138,14247],{"class":66},[60,116140,71],{"class":70},[60,116142,115697],{"class":66},[60,116144,115],{"class":74},[60,116146,115721],{"class":118},[60,116148,122],{"class":74},[60,116150,12069],{"class":118},[60,116152,128],{"class":74},[60,116154,116155],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,116156,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,116158,116159,116161,116163,116165,116167,116169,116171,116173],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,116160,14266],{"class":66},[60,116162,3854],{"class":74},[60,116164,195],{"class":78},[60,116166,13485],{"class":74},[60,116168,13488],{"class":118},[60,116170,122],{"class":74},[60,116172,56268],{"class":78},[60,116174,128],{"class":74},[60,116176,116177],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,116178,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,116180,116181,116183,116185,116187,116189],{"class":62,"line":6367},[60,116182,135],{"class":134},[60,116184,122],{"class":74},[60,116186,12069],{"class":118},[60,116188,143],{"class":74},[60,116190,115938],{"class":146},[60,116192,116193,116195,116197,116199,116201],{"class":62,"line":6373},[60,116194,135],{"class":134},[60,116196,122],{"class":74},[60,116198,14266],{"class":118},[60,116200,143],{"class":74},[60,116202,116056],{"class":146},[20,116204,116205,116206,116208,116209,115],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,116207,116064],{}," does not change ",[15,116210,56372],{},[46,116212,116214],{"id":116213},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,116216,116217],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,116219,116220],{},"Common reasons:",[30,116222,116223,116226,116229,116235],{},[33,116224,116225],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[33,116227,116228],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[33,116230,116231,116232,116234],{},"Assignment with ",[15,116233,71],{}," does not make a copy",[33,116236,116237],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,116239,116240,116241,116243],{},"For example, this does ",[3698,116242,4581],{}," create a copy:",[51,116245,116247],{"className":53,"code":116246,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116248,116249,116269,116277,116281,116295,116299,116311],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,116250,116251,116253,116255,116257,116259,116261,116263,116265,116267],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,116252,12022],{"class":66},[60,116254,71],{"class":70},[60,116256,75],{"class":74},[60,116258,79],{"class":78},[60,116260,82],{"class":74},[60,116262,85],{"class":78},[60,116264,82],{"class":74},[60,116266,94],{"class":78},[60,116268,101],{"class":74},[60,116270,116271,116273,116275],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,116272,14247],{"class":66},[60,116274,71],{"class":70},[60,116276,12060],{"class":66},[60,116278,116279],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,116280,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,116282,116283,116285,116287,116289,116291,116293],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,116284,14266],{"class":66},[60,116286,115],{"class":74},[60,116288,13488],{"class":118},[60,116290,122],{"class":74},[60,116292,2465],{"class":78},[60,116294,128],{"class":74},[60,116296,116297],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,116298,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,116300,116301,116303,116305,116307,116309],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,116302,135],{"class":134},[60,116304,122],{"class":74},[60,116306,12069],{"class":118},[60,116308,143],{"class":74},[60,116310,55623],{"class":146},[60,116312,116313,116315,116317,116319,116321],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,116314,135],{"class":134},[60,116316,122],{"class":74},[60,116318,14266],{"class":118},[60,116320,143],{"class":74},[60,116322,116323],{"class":146},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,116325,116326],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[46,116328,116330],{"id":116329},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,116332,116333],{},"These three ideas are different.",[553,116335,116337],{"id":116336},"assignment","Assignment",[20,116339,116340],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[51,116342,116344],{"className":53,"code":116343,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,116345,116346,116372,116380,116384],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,116347,116348,116350,116352,116354,116356,116358,116360,116362,116364,116366,116368,116370],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,116349,12022],{"class":66},[60,116351,71],{"class":70},[60,116353,782],{"class":74},[60,116355,79],{"class":78},[60,116357,82],{"class":74},[60,116359,85],{"class":78},[60,116361,791],{"class":74},[60,116363,75],{"class":74},[60,116365,189],{"class":78},[60,116367,82],{"class":74},[60,116369,800],{"class":78},[60,116371,819],{"class":74},[60,116373,116374,116376,116378],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,116375,14038],{"class":66},[60,116377,71],{"class":70},[60,116379,12060],{"class":66},[60,116381,116382],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,116383,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,116385,116386,116388,116390,116392,116394,116396,116398],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,116387,135],{"class":134},[60,116389,122],{"class":74},[60,116391,12022],{"class":118},[60,116393,12130],{"class":1537},[60,116395,14106],{"class":118},[60,116397,143],{"class":74},[60,116399,1545],{"class":146},[20,116401,116402],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[553,116404,116406],{"id":116405},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,116408,116409],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[51,116411,116413],{"className":53,"code":116412,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,116414,116415,116441,116455,116459,116476],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,116416,116417,116419,116421,116423,116425,116427,116429,116431,116433,116435,116437,116439],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,116418,12022],{"class":66},[60,116420,71],{"class":70},[60,116422,782],{"class":74},[60,116424,79],{"class":78},[60,116426,82],{"class":74},[60,116428,85],{"class":78},[60,116430,791],{"class":74},[60,116432,75],{"class":74},[60,116434,189],{"class":78},[60,116436,82],{"class":74},[60,116438,800],{"class":78},[60,116440,819],{"class":74},[60,116442,116443,116445,116447,116449,116451,116453],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,116444,115692],{"class":66},[60,116446,71],{"class":70},[60,116448,12097],{"class":66},[60,116450,115],{"class":74},[60,116452,12848],{"class":118},[60,116454,8579],{"class":74},[60,116456,116457],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,116458,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,116460,116461,116463,116465,116467,116469,116472,116474],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,116462,135],{"class":134},[60,116464,122],{"class":74},[60,116466,12022],{"class":118},[60,116468,12130],{"class":1537},[60,116470,116471],{"class":118}," shallow",[60,116473,143],{"class":74},[60,116475,21133],{"class":146},[60,116477,116478,116480,116482,116484,116486,116488,116490,116492,116494,116496,116498,116500],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,116479,135],{"class":134},[60,116481,122],{"class":74},[60,116483,12069],{"class":118},[60,116485,3854],{"class":74},[60,116487,195],{"class":78},[60,116489,13208],{"class":74},[60,116491,8036],{"class":1537},[60,116493,116471],{"class":118},[60,116495,3854],{"class":74},[60,116497,195],{"class":78},[60,116499,20379],{"class":74},[60,116501,1545],{"class":146},[553,116503,116505],{"id":116504},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,116507,116508],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[51,116510,116512],{"className":53,"code":116511,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,116513,116514,116520,116524,116550,116568,116572,116590],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,116515,116516,116518],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,116517,35025],{"class":1537},[60,116519,115657],{"class":66},[60,116521,116522],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,116523,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,116525,116526,116528,116530,116532,116534,116536,116538,116540,116542,116544,116546,116548],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,116527,12022],{"class":66},[60,116529,71],{"class":70},[60,116531,782],{"class":74},[60,116533,79],{"class":78},[60,116535,82],{"class":74},[60,116537,85],{"class":78},[60,116539,791],{"class":74},[60,116541,75],{"class":74},[60,116543,189],{"class":78},[60,116545,82],{"class":74},[60,116547,800],{"class":78},[60,116549,819],{"class":74},[60,116551,116552,116554,116556,116558,116560,116562,116564,116566],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,116553,115712],{"class":66},[60,116555,71],{"class":70},[60,116557,115697],{"class":66},[60,116559,115],{"class":74},[60,116561,115721],{"class":118},[60,116563,122],{"class":74},[60,116565,12069],{"class":118},[60,116567,128],{"class":74},[60,116569,116570],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,116571,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,116573,116574,116576,116578,116580,116582,116585,116587],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,116575,135],{"class":134},[60,116577,122],{"class":74},[60,116579,12022],{"class":118},[60,116581,12130],{"class":1537},[60,116583,116584],{"class":118}," deep",[60,116586,143],{"class":74},[60,116588,116589],{"class":146},"         # False\n",[60,116591,116592,116594,116596,116598,116600,116602,116604,116606,116608,116610,116612,116614],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,116593,135],{"class":134},[60,116595,122],{"class":74},[60,116597,12069],{"class":118},[60,116599,3854],{"class":74},[60,116601,195],{"class":78},[60,116603,13208],{"class":74},[60,116605,8036],{"class":1537},[60,116607,116584],{"class":118},[60,116609,3854],{"class":74},[60,116611,195],{"class":78},[60,116613,20379],{"class":74},[60,116615,43803],{"class":146},[46,116617,116619],{"id":116618},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,116621,116622,116623,166],{},"These all make ",[3698,116624,116625],{},"shallow copies",[30,116627,116628,116632,116636,116641,116647],{},[33,116629,116630],{},[15,116631,55523],{},[33,116633,116634],{},[15,116635,12371],{},[33,116637,116638],{},[15,116639,116640],{},"set.copy()",[33,116642,116643,116644],{},"list slicing like ",[15,116645,116646],{},"my_list[:]",[33,116648,116649,116651,116652,35015],{},[15,116650,115799],{}," from the ",[15,116653,12848],{},[20,116655,2093],{},[51,116657,116659],{"className":53,"code":116658,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,116660,116661,116681,116685,116699,116710,116714,116726],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,116662,116663,116665,116667,116669,116671,116673,116675,116677,116679],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,116664,67],{"class":66},[60,116666,71],{"class":70},[60,116668,75],{"class":74},[60,116670,79],{"class":78},[60,116672,82],{"class":74},[60,116674,85],{"class":78},[60,116676,82],{"class":74},[60,116678,94],{"class":78},[60,116680,101],{"class":74},[60,116682,116683],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,116684,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,116686,116687,116689,116691,116693,116695,116697],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,116688,2515],{"class":66},[60,116690,71],{"class":70},[60,116692,112],{"class":66},[60,116694,115],{"class":74},[60,116696,12848],{"class":118},[60,116698,8579],{"class":74},[60,116700,116701,116703,116705,116707],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,116702,2543],{"class":66},[60,116704,71],{"class":70},[60,116706,112],{"class":66},[60,116708,116709],{"class":74},"[:]\n",[60,116711,116712],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,116713,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,116715,116716,116718,116720,116722,116724],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,116717,135],{"class":134},[60,116719,122],{"class":74},[60,116721,260],{"class":118},[60,116723,143],{"class":74},[60,116725,54855],{"class":146},[60,116727,116728,116730,116732,116734,116736],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,116729,135],{"class":134},[60,116731,122],{"class":74},[60,116733,270],{"class":118},[60,116735,143],{"class":74},[60,116737,54855],{"class":146},[20,116739,72900,116740,47464,116744,115],{},[260,116741,116742,1869],{"href":54883},[15,116743,55523],{},[260,116745,116746,1869],{"href":12368},[15,116747,12371],{},[46,116749,116751],{"id":116750},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,116753,116754],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[30,116756,116757,116760,116763],{},[33,116758,116759],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[33,116761,116762],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[33,116764,116765],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,116767,116768],{},"Example with a flat list:",[51,116770,116772],{"className":53,"code":116771,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116773,116774,116794,116808,116812,116826,116830,116842],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,116775,116776,116778,116780,116782,116784,116786,116788,116790,116792],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,116777,12022],{"class":66},[60,116779,71],{"class":70},[60,116781,75],{"class":74},[60,116783,79],{"class":78},[60,116785,82],{"class":74},[60,116787,85],{"class":78},[60,116789,82],{"class":74},[60,116791,94],{"class":78},[60,116793,101],{"class":74},[60,116795,116796,116798,116800,116802,116804,116806],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,116797,14247],{"class":66},[60,116799,71],{"class":70},[60,116801,12097],{"class":66},[60,116803,115],{"class":74},[60,116805,12848],{"class":118},[60,116807,8579],{"class":74},[60,116809,116810],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,116811,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,116813,116814,116816,116818,116820,116822,116824],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,116815,14266],{"class":66},[60,116817,115],{"class":74},[60,116819,13488],{"class":118},[60,116821,122],{"class":74},[60,116823,2465],{"class":78},[60,116825,128],{"class":74},[60,116827,116828],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,116829,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,116831,116832,116834,116836,116838,116840],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,116833,135],{"class":134},[60,116835,122],{"class":74},[60,116837,12069],{"class":118},[60,116839,143],{"class":74},[60,116841,54855],{"class":146},[60,116843,116844,116846,116848,116850,116852],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,116845,135],{"class":134},[60,116847,122],{"class":74},[60,116849,14266],{"class":118},[60,116851,143],{"class":74},[60,116853,116323],{"class":146},[20,116855,116856],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,116858,116859,116860,115],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[260,116861,14823],{"href":57141},[46,116863,116865],{"id":116864},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,116867,116868],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[30,116870,116871,116874,116877],{},[33,116872,116873],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[33,116875,116876],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[33,116878,116879],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,116881,116882],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[51,116884,116886],{"className":53,"code":116885,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,116887,116888,116894,116898,116924,116938,116956,116960,116982,116986,116999,117012],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,116889,116890,116892],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,116891,35025],{"class":1537},[60,116893,115657],{"class":66},[60,116895,116896],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,116897,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,116899,116900,116902,116904,116906,116908,116910,116912,116914,116916,116918,116920,116922],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,116901,12022],{"class":66},[60,116903,71],{"class":70},[60,116905,10426],{"class":74},[60,116907,256],{"class":255},[60,116909,16324],{"class":259},[60,116911,256],{"class":255},[60,116913,166],{"class":74},[60,116915,75],{"class":74},[60,116917,873],{"class":78},[60,116919,82],{"class":74},[60,116921,878],{"class":78},[60,116923,13641],{"class":74},[60,116925,116926,116928,116930,116932,116934,116936],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,116927,115692],{"class":66},[60,116929,71],{"class":70},[60,116931,12097],{"class":66},[60,116933,115],{"class":74},[60,116935,12848],{"class":118},[60,116937,8579],{"class":74},[60,116939,116940,116942,116944,116946,116948,116950,116952,116954],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,116941,115712],{"class":66},[60,116943,71],{"class":70},[60,116945,115697],{"class":66},[60,116947,115],{"class":74},[60,116949,115721],{"class":118},[60,116951,122],{"class":74},[60,116953,12069],{"class":118},[60,116955,128],{"class":74},[60,116957,116958],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,116959,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,116961,116962,116964,116966,116968,116970,116972,116974,116976,116978,116980],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,116963,12069],{"class":66},[60,116965,3854],{"class":74},[60,116967,256],{"class":255},[60,116969,16324],{"class":259},[60,116971,256],{"class":255},[60,116973,13485],{"class":74},[60,116975,13488],{"class":118},[60,116977,122],{"class":74},[60,116979,36776],{"class":78},[60,116981,128],{"class":74},[60,116983,116984],{"class":62,"line":6367},[60,116985,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,116987,116988,116990,116992,116994,116996],{"class":62,"line":6373},[60,116989,135],{"class":134},[60,116991,122],{"class":74},[60,116993,12069],{"class":118},[60,116995,143],{"class":74},[60,116997,116998],{"class":146},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[60,117000,117001,117003,117005,117007,117009],{"class":62,"line":6378},[60,117002,135],{"class":134},[60,117004,122],{"class":74},[60,117006,115775],{"class":118},[60,117008,143],{"class":74},[60,117010,117011],{"class":146},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[60,117013,117014,117016,117018,117020,117022],{"class":62,"line":11531},[60,117015,135],{"class":134},[60,117017,122],{"class":74},[60,117019,115789],{"class":118},[60,117021,143],{"class":74},[60,117023,117024],{"class":146},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,117026,117027],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[46,117029,117031],{"id":117030},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,117033,117034],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[30,117036,117037,117040,117043,117046],{},[33,117038,117039],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[33,117041,117042],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[33,117044,117045],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[33,117047,117048],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,117050,117051],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[51,117053,117055],{"className":53,"code":117054,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,117056,117057,117065,117073,117077,117085,117089,117101],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,117058,117059,117061,117063],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,117060,2515],{"class":66},[60,117062,71],{"class":70},[60,117064,2548],{"class":78},[60,117066,117067,117069,117071],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,117068,2543],{"class":66},[60,117070,71],{"class":70},[60,117072,36109],{"class":66},[60,117074,117075],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,117076,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,117078,117079,117081,117083],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,117080,2543],{"class":66},[60,117082,71],{"class":70},[60,117084,14549],{"class":78},[60,117086,117087],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,117088,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,117090,117091,117093,117095,117097,117099],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,117092,135],{"class":134},[60,117094,122],{"class":74},[60,117096,260],{"class":118},[60,117098,143],{"class":74},[60,117100,26728],{"class":146},[60,117102,117103,117105,117107,117109,117111],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,117104,135],{"class":134},[60,117106,122],{"class":74},[60,117108,270],{"class":118},[60,117110,143],{"class":74},[60,117112,27549],{"class":146},[20,117114,93271,117115,117118],{},[260,117116,117117],{"href":12001},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[46,117120,1351],{"id":1350},[20,117122,117123],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[30,117125,117126,117130,117135,117140,117143],{},[33,117127,8356,117128,56705],{},[15,117129,71],{},[33,117131,8356,117132,117134],{},[15,117133,55523],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[33,117136,8356,117137,117139],{},[15,117138,12371],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[33,117141,117142],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[33,117144,117145],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,117147,117148],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[51,117150,117152],{"className":53,"code":117151,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,117153,117154,117168,117182,117204,117235],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,117155,117156,117158,117160,117162,117164,117166],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,117157,135],{"class":134},[60,117159,122],{"class":74},[60,117161,12022],{"class":118},[60,117163,12130],{"class":1537},[60,117165,14320],{"class":118},[60,117167,128],{"class":74},[60,117169,117170,117172,117174,117176,117178,117180],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,117171,135],{"class":134},[60,117173,122],{"class":74},[60,117175,12022],{"class":118},[60,117177,4639],{"class":70},[60,117179,14320],{"class":118},[60,117181,128],{"class":74},[60,117183,117184,117186,117188,117190,117192,117194,117196,117198,117200,117202],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,117185,135],{"class":134},[60,117187,122],{"class":74},[60,117189,12586],{"class":134},[60,117191,122],{"class":74},[60,117193,12069],{"class":118},[60,117195,9168],{"class":74},[60,117197,14751],{"class":134},[60,117199,122],{"class":74},[60,117201,14266],{"class":118},[60,117203,315],{"class":74},[60,117205,117206,117208,117210,117212,117214,117216,117218,117220,117223,117225,117227,117229,117231,117233],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,117207,135],{"class":134},[60,117209,122],{"class":74},[60,117211,12586],{"class":134},[60,117213,122],{"class":74},[60,117215,12069],{"class":118},[60,117217,3854],{"class":74},[60,117219,195],{"class":78},[60,117221,117222],{"class":74},"]),",[60,117224,14751],{"class":134},[60,117226,122],{"class":74},[60,117228,14266],{"class":118},[60,117230,3854],{"class":74},[60,117232,195],{"class":78},[60,117234,2958],{"class":74},[60,117236,117237,117239,117241,117243,117245,117247],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,117238,135],{"class":134},[60,117240,122],{"class":74},[60,117242,1657],{"class":1656},[60,117244,122],{"class":74},[60,117246,12069],{"class":118},[60,117248,315],{"class":74},[20,117250,117251],{},"What they tell you:",[30,117253,117254,117259,117264,117269,117279],{},[33,117255,117256,117258],{},[15,117257,12130],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[33,117260,117261,117263],{},[15,117262,4639],{}," checks whether values are equal",[33,117265,117266,117268],{},[15,117267,43420],{}," shows the identity of an object",[33,117270,117271,117272,544,117275,117278],{},"comparing ",[15,117273,117274],{},"id(original[0])",[15,117276,117277],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[33,117280,117281,117283],{},[15,117282,2266],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[46,117285,1773],{"id":1772},[553,117287,117289],{"id":117288},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,117291,117292],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[553,117294,57191],{"id":57106},[20,117296,117297],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[553,117299,117301],{"id":117300},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,117303,117304],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[553,117306,117308],{"id":117307},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,117310,117311],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[553,117313,117315],{"id":117314},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,117317,117318],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[46,117320,1842],{"id":1841},[30,117322,117323,117328,117334,117340,117344],{},[33,117324,117325],{},[260,117326,117327],{"href":12001},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[33,117329,117330],{},[260,117331,1875,117332,1869],{"href":54883},[15,117333,55523],{},[33,117335,117336],{},[260,117337,1875,117338,1869],{"href":12368},[15,117339,12371],{},[33,117341,117342],{},[260,117343,14899],{"href":57141},[33,117345,117346],{},[260,117347,117348],{"href":1346},"What is a list in Python?",[1885,117350,117351],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":117353},[117354,117355,117356,117357,117358,117359,117364,117365,117366,117367,117368,117369,117376],{"id":1971,"depth":104,"text":1972},{"id":115809,"depth":104,"text":115810},{"id":115830,"depth":104,"text":115831},{"id":116073,"depth":104,"text":116074},{"id":116213,"depth":104,"text":116214},{"id":116329,"depth":104,"text":116330,"children":117360},[117361,117362,117363],{"id":116336,"depth":131,"text":116337},{"id":116405,"depth":131,"text":116406},{"id":116504,"depth":131,"text":116505},{"id":116618,"depth":104,"text":116619},{"id":116750,"depth":104,"text":116751},{"id":116864,"depth":104,"text":116865},{"id":117030,"depth":104,"text":117031},{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":117370},[117371,117372,117373,117374,117375],{"id":117288,"depth":131,"text":117289},{"id":57106,"depth":131,"text":57191},{"id":117300,"depth":131,"text":117301},{"id":117307,"depth":131,"text":117308},{"id":117314,"depth":131,"text":117315},{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115610,"description":117377},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117383,"title":117384,"body":117385,"description":119242,"extension":1930,"meta":119243,"navigation":421,"path":119244,"seo":119245,"stem":119246,"__hash__":119247},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117386,"toc":119200},[117387,117392,117397,117405,117407,117475,117480,117485,117500,117503,117505,117536,117538,117558,117561,117576,117578,117581,117654,117656,117701,117703,117714,117719,117723,117728,117731,117770,117772,117792,117795,117852,117854,117889,117892,117931,117933,117953,117956,117987,117989,118045,118047,118052,118123,118125,118158,118163,118168,118233,118235,118272,118275,118352,118354,118414,118421,118426,118429,118432,118513,118515,118556,118561,118564,118642,118644,118677,118686,118693,118696,118707,118710,118721,118725,118733,118742,118746,118751,118755,118760,118803,118806,118812,118815,118817,118864,118869,118873,118876,118925,118927,118948,118951,118953,118978,118981,119102,119107,119109,119114,119117,119122,119125,119133,119138,119145,119148,119156,119159,119161,119197],[10,117388,1875,117390,3541],{"id":117389},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,117391,74184],{},[20,117393,117394,117396],{},[15,117395,74184],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,117398,117399,117400,2154,117402,117404],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,117401,77627],{},[15,117403,74184],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[46,117406,49],{"id":48},[51,117408,117410],{"className":53,"code":117409,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,117411,117412,117432,117446,117450,117462],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,117413,117414,117416,117418,117420,117422,117424,117426,117428,117430],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,117415,67],{"class":66},[60,117417,71],{"class":70},[60,117419,75],{"class":74},[60,117421,189],{"class":78},[60,117423,82],{"class":74},[60,117425,695],{"class":78},[60,117427,82],{"class":74},[60,117429,85],{"class":78},[60,117431,101],{"class":74},[60,117433,117434,117436,117438,117440,117442,117444],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,117435,107],{"class":66},[60,117437,71],{"class":70},[60,117439,74318],{"class":134},[60,117441,122],{"class":74},[60,117443,1506],{"class":118},[60,117445,128],{"class":74},[60,117447,117448],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,117449,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,117451,117452,117454,117456,117458,117460],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,117453,135],{"class":134},[60,117455,122],{"class":74},[60,117457,140],{"class":118},[60,117459,143],{"class":74},[60,117461,55610],{"class":146},[60,117463,117464,117466,117468,117470,117472],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,117465,135],{"class":134},[60,117467,122],{"class":74},[60,117469,1506],{"class":118},[60,117471,143],{"class":74},[60,117473,117474],{"class":146},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,117476,117477,117479],{},[15,117478,74184],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[46,117481,158,117483,161],{"id":117482},"what-sorted-does",[15,117484,74184],{},[30,117486,117487,117491,117494,117497],{},[33,117488,117489,62685],{},[15,117490,74184],{},[33,117492,117493],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[33,117495,117496],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[33,117498,117499],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,117501,117502],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[46,117504,199],{"id":198},[51,117506,117508],{"className":53,"code":117507,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,117509,117510],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,117511,117512,117514,117516,117518,117520,117522,117524,117526,117528,117530,117532,117534],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,117513,74274],{"class":134},[60,117515,122],{"class":74},[60,117517,3675],{"class":118},[60,117519,82],{"class":74},[60,117521,21512],{"class":9110},[60,117523,71],{"class":70},[60,117525,3734],{"class":685},[60,117527,82],{"class":74},[60,117529,77830],{"class":9110},[60,117531,71],{"class":70},[60,117533,1463],{"class":685},[60,117535,128],{"class":74},[553,117537,17330],{"id":17329},[30,117539,117540,117545,117550],{},[33,117541,117542,117544],{},[15,117543,3675],{},": the values to sort",[33,117546,117547,117549],{},[15,117548,14776],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[33,117551,117552,117554,117555,117557],{},[15,117553,73337],{},": set to ",[15,117556,547],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,117559,117560],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[51,117562,117564],{"className":53,"code":117563,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,117565,117566],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,117567,117568,117570,117572,117574],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,117569,74274],{"class":134},[60,117571,122],{"class":74},[60,117573,60066],{"class":118},[60,117575,128],{"class":74},[46,117577,11411],{"id":11410},[20,117579,117580],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[51,117582,117584],{"className":53,"code":117583,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,117585,117586,117610,117614,117629,117633,117644],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,117587,117588,117590,117592,117594,117596,117598,117600,117602,117604,117606,117608],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,117589,67],{"class":66},[60,117591,71],{"class":70},[60,117593,75],{"class":74},[60,117595,1086],{"class":78},[60,117597,82],{"class":74},[60,117599,85],{"class":78},[60,117601,82],{"class":74},[60,117603,6301],{"class":78},[60,117605,82],{"class":74},[60,117607,695],{"class":78},[60,117609,101],{"class":74},[60,117611,117612],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,117613,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,117615,117616,117619,117621,117623,117625,117627],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,117617,117618],{"class":66},"sorted_numbers ",[60,117620,71],{"class":70},[60,117622,74318],{"class":134},[60,117624,122],{"class":74},[60,117626,1506],{"class":118},[60,117628,128],{"class":74},[60,117630,117631],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,117632,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,117634,117635,117637,117639,117642],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,117636,135],{"class":134},[60,117638,122],{"class":74},[60,117640,117641],{"class":118},"sorted_numbers",[60,117643,128],{"class":74},[60,117645,117646,117648,117650,117652],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,117647,135],{"class":134},[60,117649,122],{"class":74},[60,117651,1506],{"class":118},[60,117653,128],{"class":74},[20,117655,318],{},[51,117657,117659],{"className":53,"code":117658,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,117660,117661,117681],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,117662,117663,117665,117667,117669,117671,117673,117675,117677,117679],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,117664,3854],{"class":74},[60,117666,79],{"class":78},[60,117668,82],{"class":74},[60,117670,85],{"class":78},[60,117672,82],{"class":74},[60,117674,4555],{"class":78},[60,117676,82],{"class":74},[60,117678,6301],{"class":78},[60,117680,101],{"class":74},[60,117682,117683,117685,117687,117689,117691,117693,117695,117697,117699],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,117684,3854],{"class":74},[60,117686,1086],{"class":78},[60,117688,82],{"class":74},[60,117690,85],{"class":78},[60,117692,82],{"class":74},[60,117694,6301],{"class":78},[60,117696,82],{"class":74},[60,117698,695],{"class":78},[60,117700,101],{"class":74},[20,117702,13698],{},[30,117704,117705,117710],{},[33,117706,117707,117709],{},[15,117708,117641],{}," is a new sorted list",[33,117711,117712,112246],{},[15,117713,1506],{},[20,117715,117716,117717,115],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[260,117718,78137],{"href":78136},[46,117720,117722],{"id":117721},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,117724,117725,117727],{},[15,117726,74184],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[553,117729,117730],{"id":8033},"List",[51,117732,117734],{"className":53,"code":117733,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,117735,117736,117756],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,117737,117738,117740,117742,117744,117746,117748,117750,117752,117754],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,117739,67],{"class":66},[60,117741,71],{"class":70},[60,117743,75],{"class":74},[60,117745,189],{"class":78},[60,117747,82],{"class":74},[60,117749,695],{"class":78},[60,117751,82],{"class":74},[60,117753,85],{"class":78},[60,117755,101],{"class":74},[60,117757,117758,117760,117762,117764,117766,117768],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,117759,135],{"class":134},[60,117761,122],{"class":74},[60,117763,74274],{"class":134},[60,117765,122],{"class":74},[60,117767,1506],{"class":118},[60,117769,315],{"class":74},[20,117771,318],{},[51,117773,117774],{"className":53,"code":55073,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,117775,117776],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,117777,117778,117780,117782,117784,117786,117788,117790],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,117779,3854],{"class":74},[60,117781,79],{"class":78},[60,117783,82],{"class":74},[60,117785,85],{"class":78},[60,117787,82],{"class":74},[60,117789,94],{"class":78},[60,117791,101],{"class":74},[553,117793,117794],{"id":48884},"Tuple",[51,117796,117798],{"className":53,"code":117797,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,117799,117800,117820,117834],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,117801,117802,117804,117806,117808,117810,117812,117814,117816,117818],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,117803,674],{"class":66},[60,117805,71],{"class":70},[60,117807,9171],{"class":74},[60,117809,189],{"class":78},[60,117811,82],{"class":74},[60,117813,695],{"class":78},[60,117815,82],{"class":74},[60,117817,85],{"class":78},[60,117819,128],{"class":74},[60,117821,117822,117824,117826,117828,117830,117832],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,117823,135],{"class":134},[60,117825,122],{"class":74},[60,117827,74274],{"class":134},[60,117829,122],{"class":74},[60,117831,706],{"class":118},[60,117833,315],{"class":74},[60,117835,117836,117838,117840,117842,117844,117846,117848,117850],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,117837,135],{"class":134},[60,117839,122],{"class":74},[60,117841,1657],{"class":1656},[60,117843,122],{"class":74},[60,117845,74274],{"class":134},[60,117847,122],{"class":74},[60,117849,706],{"class":118},[60,117851,2872],{"class":74},[20,117853,318],{},[51,117855,117857],{"className":53,"code":117856,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,117858,117859,117875],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,117860,117861,117863,117865,117867,117869,117871,117873],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,117862,3854],{"class":74},[60,117864,79],{"class":78},[60,117866,82],{"class":74},[60,117868,85],{"class":78},[60,117870,82],{"class":74},[60,117872,94],{"class":78},[60,117874,101],{"class":74},[60,117876,117877,117879,117881,117883,117885,117887],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,117878,3250],{"class":70},[60,117880,3253],{"class":2033},[60,117882,3256],{"class":255},[60,117884,8033],{"class":259},[60,117886,3261],{"class":255},[60,117888,3264],{"class":70},[553,117890,117891],{"id":6228},"Set",[51,117893,117895],{"className":53,"code":117894,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,117896,117897,117917],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,117898,117899,117901,117903,117905,117907,117909,117911,117913,117915],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,117900,674],{"class":66},[60,117902,71],{"class":70},[60,117904,10426],{"class":74},[60,117906,189],{"class":78},[60,117908,82],{"class":74},[60,117910,695],{"class":78},[60,117912,82],{"class":74},[60,117914,85],{"class":78},[60,117916,9244],{"class":74},[60,117918,117919,117921,117923,117925,117927,117929],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,117920,135],{"class":134},[60,117922,122],{"class":74},[60,117924,74274],{"class":134},[60,117926,122],{"class":74},[60,117928,706],{"class":118},[60,117930,315],{"class":74},[20,117932,318],{},[51,117934,117935],{"className":53,"code":55073,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,117936,117937],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,117938,117939,117941,117943,117945,117947,117949,117951],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,117940,3854],{"class":74},[60,117942,79],{"class":78},[60,117944,82],{"class":74},[60,117946,85],{"class":78},[60,117948,82],{"class":74},[60,117950,94],{"class":78},[60,117952,101],{"class":74},[553,117954,117955],{"id":60933},"String",[51,117957,117959],{"className":53,"code":117958,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,117960,117961,117973],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,117962,117963,117965,117967,117969,117971],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,117964,34621],{"class":66},[60,117966,71],{"class":70},[60,117968,267],{"class":255},[60,117970,55],{"class":259},[60,117972,3320],{"class":255},[60,117974,117975,117977,117979,117981,117983,117985],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,117976,135],{"class":134},[60,117978,122],{"class":74},[60,117980,74274],{"class":134},[60,117982,122],{"class":74},[60,117984,34642],{"class":118},[60,117986,315],{"class":74},[20,117988,318],{},[51,117990,117991],{"className":53,"code":79154,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,117992,117993],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,117994,117995,117997,117999,118001,118003,118005,118007,118009,118011,118013,118015,118017,118019,118021,118023,118025,118027,118029,118031,118033,118035,118037,118039,118041,118043],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,117996,3854],{"class":74},[60,117998,3261],{"class":255},[60,118000,60197],{"class":259},[60,118002,3261],{"class":255},[60,118004,82],{"class":74},[60,118006,3256],{"class":255},[60,118008,75790],{"class":259},[60,118010,3261],{"class":255},[60,118012,82],{"class":74},[60,118014,3256],{"class":255},[60,118016,60232],{"class":259},[60,118018,3261],{"class":255},[60,118020,82],{"class":74},[60,118022,3256],{"class":255},[60,118024,20],{"class":259},[60,118026,3261],{"class":255},[60,118028,82],{"class":74},[60,118030,3256],{"class":255},[60,118032,63046],{"class":259},[60,118034,3261],{"class":255},[60,118036,82],{"class":74},[60,118038,3256],{"class":255},[60,118040,11682],{"class":259},[60,118042,3261],{"class":255},[60,118044,101],{"class":74},[553,118046,29155],{"id":15539},[20,118048,63299,118049,118051],{},[15,118050,74184],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[51,118053,118055],{"className":53,"code":118054,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,118056,118057,118109],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,118058,118059,118061,118063,118065,118067,118069,118071,118073,118075,118077,118079,118081,118083,118085,118087,118089,118091,118093,118095,118097,118099,118101,118103,118105,118107],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,118060,13139],{"class":66},[60,118062,71],{"class":70},[60,118064,10426],{"class":74},[60,118066,256],{"class":255},[60,118068,7611],{"class":259},[60,118070,256],{"class":255},[60,118072,166],{"class":74},[60,118074,267],{"class":255},[60,118076,12817],{"class":259},[60,118078,256],{"class":255},[60,118080,82],{"class":74},[60,118082,267],{"class":255},[60,118084,9234],{"class":259},[60,118086,256],{"class":255},[60,118088,166],{"class":74},[60,118090,878],{"class":78},[60,118092,82],{"class":74},[60,118094,267],{"class":255},[60,118096,10344],{"class":259},[60,118098,256],{"class":255},[60,118100,166],{"class":74},[60,118102,267],{"class":255},[60,118104,15966],{"class":259},[60,118106,256],{"class":255},[60,118108,9244],{"class":74},[60,118110,118111,118113,118115,118117,118119,118121],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,118112,135],{"class":134},[60,118114,122],{"class":74},[60,118116,74274],{"class":134},[60,118118,122],{"class":74},[60,118120,17242],{"class":118},[60,118122,315],{"class":74},[20,118124,318],{},[51,118126,118128],{"className":53,"code":118127,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,118129,118130],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,118131,118132,118134,118136,118138,118140,118142,118144,118146,118148,118150,118152,118154,118156],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,118133,3854],{"class":74},[60,118135,3261],{"class":255},[60,118137,9234],{"class":259},[60,118139,3261],{"class":255},[60,118141,82],{"class":74},[60,118143,3256],{"class":255},[60,118145,10344],{"class":259},[60,118147,3261],{"class":255},[60,118149,82],{"class":74},[60,118151,3256],{"class":255},[60,118153,7611],{"class":259},[60,118155,3261],{"class":255},[60,118157,101],{"class":74},[46,118159,8356,118161],{"id":118160},"using-reversetrue",[15,118162,77851],{},[20,118164,150,118165,118167],{},[15,118166,77851],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[51,118169,118171],{"className":53,"code":118170,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,118172,118173,118193,118197,118211],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,118174,118175,118177,118179,118181,118183,118185,118187,118189,118191],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,118176,67],{"class":66},[60,118178,71],{"class":70},[60,118180,75],{"class":74},[60,118182,189],{"class":78},[60,118184,82],{"class":74},[60,118186,695],{"class":78},[60,118188,82],{"class":74},[60,118190,85],{"class":78},[60,118192,101],{"class":74},[60,118194,118195],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,118196,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,118198,118199,118201,118203,118205,118207,118209],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,118200,135],{"class":134},[60,118202,122],{"class":74},[60,118204,74274],{"class":134},[60,118206,122],{"class":74},[60,118208,1506],{"class":118},[60,118210,315],{"class":74},[60,118212,118213,118215,118217,118219,118221,118223,118225,118227,118229,118231],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,118214,135],{"class":134},[60,118216,122],{"class":74},[60,118218,74274],{"class":134},[60,118220,122],{"class":74},[60,118222,1506],{"class":118},[60,118224,82],{"class":74},[60,118226,77830],{"class":9110},[60,118228,71],{"class":70},[60,118230,547],{"class":685},[60,118232,315],{"class":74},[20,118234,318],{},[51,118236,118238],{"className":53,"code":118237,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,118239,118240,118256],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,118241,118242,118244,118246,118248,118250,118252,118254],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,118243,3854],{"class":74},[60,118245,79],{"class":78},[60,118247,82],{"class":74},[60,118249,85],{"class":78},[60,118251,82],{"class":74},[60,118253,94],{"class":78},[60,118255,101],{"class":74},[60,118257,118258,118260,118262,118264,118266,118268,118270],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,118259,3854],{"class":74},[60,118261,189],{"class":78},[60,118263,82],{"class":74},[60,118265,85],{"class":78},[60,118267,82],{"class":74},[60,118269,695],{"class":78},[60,118271,101],{"class":74},[20,118273,118274],{},"This also works with strings:",[51,118276,118278],{"className":53,"code":118277,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,118279,118280,118312,118316,118330],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,118281,118282,118284,118286,118288,118290,118292,118294,118296,118298,118300,118302,118304,118306,118308,118310],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,118283,566],{"class":66},[60,118285,71],{"class":70},[60,118287,75],{"class":74},[60,118289,256],{"class":255},[60,118291,575],{"class":259},[60,118293,256],{"class":255},[60,118295,82],{"class":74},[60,118297,267],{"class":255},[60,118299,1392],{"class":259},[60,118301,256],{"class":255},[60,118303,82],{"class":74},[60,118305,267],{"class":255},[60,118307,4048],{"class":259},[60,118309,256],{"class":255},[60,118311,101],{"class":74},[60,118313,118314],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,118315,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,118317,118318,118320,118322,118324,118326,118328],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,118319,135],{"class":134},[60,118321,122],{"class":74},[60,118323,74274],{"class":134},[60,118325,122],{"class":74},[60,118327,605],{"class":118},[60,118329,315],{"class":74},[60,118331,118332,118334,118336,118338,118340,118342,118344,118346,118348,118350],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,118333,135],{"class":134},[60,118335,122],{"class":74},[60,118337,74274],{"class":134},[60,118339,122],{"class":74},[60,118341,605],{"class":118},[60,118343,82],{"class":74},[60,118345,77830],{"class":9110},[60,118347,71],{"class":70},[60,118349,547],{"class":685},[60,118351,315],{"class":74},[20,118353,318],{},[51,118355,118356],{"className":53,"code":73918,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,118357,118358,118386],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,118359,118360,118362,118364,118366,118368,118370,118372,118374,118376,118378,118380,118382,118384],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,118361,3854],{"class":74},[60,118363,3261],{"class":255},[60,118365,575],{"class":259},[60,118367,3261],{"class":255},[60,118369,82],{"class":74},[60,118371,3256],{"class":255},[60,118373,1392],{"class":259},[60,118375,3261],{"class":255},[60,118377,82],{"class":74},[60,118379,3256],{"class":255},[60,118381,4048],{"class":259},[60,118383,3261],{"class":255},[60,118385,101],{"class":74},[60,118387,118388,118390,118392,118394,118396,118398,118400,118402,118404,118406,118408,118410,118412],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,118389,3854],{"class":74},[60,118391,3261],{"class":255},[60,118393,4048],{"class":259},[60,118395,3261],{"class":255},[60,118397,82],{"class":74},[60,118399,3256],{"class":255},[60,118401,1392],{"class":259},[60,118403,3261],{"class":255},[60,118405,82],{"class":74},[60,118407,3256],{"class":255},[60,118409,575],{"class":259},[60,118411,3261],{"class":255},[60,118413,101],{"class":74},[46,118415,8356,118417,118420],{"id":118416},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,118418,118419],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,118422,1947,118423,118425],{},[15,118424,118419],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,118427,118428],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,118430,118431],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[51,118433,118435],{"className":53,"code":118434,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118436,118437,118477,118481,118503],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,118438,118439,118441,118443,118445,118447,118449,118451,118453,118455,118457,118459,118461,118463,118465,118467,118469,118471,118473,118475],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,118440,566],{"class":66},[60,118442,71],{"class":70},[60,118444,75],{"class":74},[60,118446,256],{"class":255},[60,118448,78504],{"class":259},[60,118450,256],{"class":255},[60,118452,82],{"class":74},[60,118454,267],{"class":255},[60,118456,38291],{"class":259},[60,118458,256],{"class":255},[60,118460,82],{"class":74},[60,118462,267],{"class":255},[60,118464,1392],{"class":259},[60,118466,256],{"class":255},[60,118468,82],{"class":74},[60,118470,267],{"class":255},[60,118472,38274],{"class":259},[60,118474,256],{"class":255},[60,118476,101],{"class":74},[60,118478,118479],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,118480,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,118482,118483,118485,118487,118489,118491,118493,118495,118497,118499,118501],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,118484,107],{"class":66},[60,118486,71],{"class":70},[60,118488,74318],{"class":134},[60,118490,122],{"class":74},[60,118492,605],{"class":118},[60,118494,82],{"class":74},[60,118496,21512],{"class":9110},[60,118498,71],{"class":70},[60,118500,11097],{"class":134},[60,118502,128],{"class":74},[60,118504,118505,118507,118509,118511],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,118506,135],{"class":134},[60,118508,122],{"class":74},[60,118510,140],{"class":118},[60,118512,128],{"class":74},[20,118514,318],{},[51,118516,118518],{"className":53,"code":118517,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,118519,118520],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,118521,118522,118524,118526,118528,118530,118532,118534,118536,118538,118540,118542,118544,118546,118548,118550,118552,118554],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,118523,3854],{"class":74},[60,118525,3261],{"class":255},[60,118527,38291],{"class":259},[60,118529,3261],{"class":255},[60,118531,82],{"class":74},[60,118533,3256],{"class":255},[60,118535,78504],{"class":259},[60,118537,3261],{"class":255},[60,118539,82],{"class":74},[60,118541,3256],{"class":255},[60,118543,38274],{"class":259},[60,118545,3261],{"class":255},[60,118547,82],{"class":74},[60,118549,3256],{"class":255},[60,118551,1392],{"class":259},[60,118553,3261],{"class":255},[60,118555,101],{"class":74},[20,118557,20704,118558,118560],{},[15,118559,11097],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,118562,118563],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[51,118565,118567],{"className":53,"code":118566,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118568,118569,118602,118606,118632],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,118570,118571,118573,118575,118577,118579,118581,118583,118585,118587,118589,118591,118593,118595,118598,118600],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,118572,566],{"class":66},[60,118574,71],{"class":70},[60,118576,75],{"class":74},[60,118578,256],{"class":255},[60,118580,83123],{"class":259},[60,118582,256],{"class":255},[60,118584,82],{"class":74},[60,118586,267],{"class":255},[60,118588,575],{"class":259},[60,118590,256],{"class":255},[60,118592,82],{"class":74},[60,118594,267],{"class":255},[60,118596,118597],{"class":259},"Cherry",[60,118599,256],{"class":255},[60,118601,101],{"class":74},[60,118603,118604],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,118605,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,118607,118608,118610,118612,118614,118616,118618,118620,118622,118624,118626,118628,118630],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,118609,107],{"class":66},[60,118611,71],{"class":70},[60,118613,74318],{"class":134},[60,118615,122],{"class":74},[60,118617,605],{"class":118},[60,118619,82],{"class":74},[60,118621,21512],{"class":9110},[60,118623,71],{"class":70},[60,118625,3405],{"class":1656},[60,118627,115],{"class":74},[60,118629,8576],{"class":24682},[60,118631,128],{"class":74},[60,118633,118634,118636,118638,118640],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,118635,135],{"class":134},[60,118637,122],{"class":74},[60,118639,140],{"class":118},[60,118641,128],{"class":74},[20,118643,318],{},[51,118645,118647],{"className":53,"code":118646,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,118648,118649],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,118650,118651,118653,118655,118657,118659,118661,118663,118665,118667,118669,118671,118673,118675],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,118652,3854],{"class":74},[60,118654,3261],{"class":255},[60,118656,575],{"class":259},[60,118658,3261],{"class":255},[60,118660,82],{"class":74},[60,118662,3256],{"class":255},[60,118664,83123],{"class":259},[60,118666,3261],{"class":255},[60,118668,82],{"class":74},[60,118670,3256],{"class":255},[60,118672,118597],{"class":259},[60,118674,3261],{"class":255},[60,118676,101],{"class":74},[20,118678,118679,118680,35264,118682,115],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,118681,1878],{},[260,118683,1875,118684,3471],{"href":42290},[15,118685,1878],{},[46,118687,118689,10521,118691],{"id":118688},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,118690,74184],{},[15,118692,77627],{},[20,118694,118695],{},"The main difference is this:",[30,118697,118698,118703],{},[33,118699,118700,118702],{},[15,118701,74184],{}," returns a new list",[33,118704,118705,73722],{},[15,118706,77627],{},[20,118708,118709],{},"Also:",[30,118711,118712,118717],{},[33,118713,118714,118716],{},[15,118715,74184],{}," works with many iterables",[33,118718,118719,79060],{},[15,118720,77627],{},[20,118722,150,118723,10537],{},[15,118724,74184],{},[30,118726,118727,118730],{},[33,118728,118729],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[33,118731,118732],{},"your data is not a list",[20,118734,118735,118736,115],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[260,118737,1875,118738,10521,118740,5729],{"href":78885},[15,118739,74184],{},[15,118741,77627],{},[46,118743,118745],{"id":118744},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,118747,118748,118749,115],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,118750,74184],{},[553,118752,118754],{"id":118753},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,118756,118757,118758,166],{},"This can raise a ",[15,118759,2964],{},[51,118761,118763],{"className":53,"code":118762,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118764,118765,118789],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,118766,118767,118769,118771,118773,118775,118777,118779,118781,118783,118785,118787],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,118768,674],{"class":66},[60,118770,71],{"class":70},[60,118772,75],{"class":74},[60,118774,79],{"class":78},[60,118776,82],{"class":74},[60,118778,267],{"class":255},[60,118780,125],{"class":259},[60,118782,256],{"class":255},[60,118784,82],{"class":74},[60,118786,94],{"class":78},[60,118788,101],{"class":74},[60,118790,118791,118793,118795,118797,118799,118801],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,118792,135],{"class":134},[60,118794,122],{"class":74},[60,118796,74274],{"class":134},[60,118798,122],{"class":74},[60,118800,706],{"class":118},[60,118802,315],{"class":74},[20,118804,118805],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[553,118807,118809,118810,2267],{"id":118808},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,118811,14776],{},[20,118813,118814],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,118816,238],{},[51,118818,118820],{"className":53,"code":118819,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,118821,118822,118842],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,118823,118824,118826,118828,118830,118832,118834,118836,118838,118840],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,118825,67],{"class":66},[60,118827,71],{"class":70},[60,118829,75],{"class":74},[60,118831,873],{"class":78},[60,118833,82],{"class":74},[60,118835,85],{"class":78},[60,118837,82],{"class":74},[60,118839,888],{"class":78},[60,118841,101],{"class":74},[60,118843,118844,118846,118848,118850,118852,118854,118856,118858,118860,118862],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,118845,135],{"class":134},[60,118847,122],{"class":74},[60,118849,74274],{"class":134},[60,118851,122],{"class":74},[60,118853,1506],{"class":118},[60,118855,82],{"class":74},[60,118857,21512],{"class":9110},[60,118859,71],{"class":70},[60,118861,11097],{"class":134},[60,118863,315],{"class":74},[20,118865,48441,118866,118868],{},[15,118867,1878],{}," does not work on integers.",[553,118870,118872],{"id":118871},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,118874,118875],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[51,118877,118879],{"className":53,"code":118878,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,118880,118881,118901,118911,118915],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,118882,118883,118885,118887,118889,118891,118893,118895,118897,118899],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,118884,67],{"class":66},[60,118886,71],{"class":70},[60,118888,75],{"class":74},[60,118890,189],{"class":78},[60,118892,82],{"class":74},[60,118894,695],{"class":78},[60,118896,82],{"class":74},[60,118898,85],{"class":78},[60,118900,101],{"class":74},[60,118902,118903,118905,118907,118909],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,118904,74274],{"class":134},[60,118906,122],{"class":74},[60,118908,1506],{"class":118},[60,118910,128],{"class":74},[60,118912,118913],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,118914,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,118916,118917,118919,118921,118923],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,118918,135],{"class":134},[60,118920,122],{"class":74},[60,118922,1506],{"class":118},[60,118924,128],{"class":74},[20,118926,318],{},[51,118928,118930],{"className":53,"code":118929,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,118931,118932],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,118933,118934,118936,118938,118940,118942,118944,118946],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,118935,3854],{"class":74},[60,118937,189],{"class":78},[60,118939,82],{"class":74},[60,118941,695],{"class":78},[60,118943,82],{"class":74},[60,118945,85],{"class":78},[60,118947,101],{"class":74},[20,118949,118950],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[46,118952,1351],{"id":1350},[30,118954,118955,118959,118962,118967,118971],{},[33,118956,4529,118957,73722],{},[15,118958,74184],{},[33,118960,118961],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[33,118963,4655,118964,118966],{},[15,118965,74184],{}," always returns a list",[33,118968,8356,118969,23036],{},[15,118970,118419],{},[33,118972,1626,118973,118975,118976],{},[15,118974,64071],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,118977,74184],{},[20,118979,118980],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[51,118982,118984],{"className":53,"code":118983,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,118985,118986,119008,119034,119072],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,118987,118988,118990,118992,118994,118996,118998,119000,119002,119004,119006],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,118989,135],{"class":134},[60,118991,122],{"class":74},[60,118993,74274],{"class":134},[60,118995,835],{"class":74},[60,118997,189],{"class":78},[60,118999,82],{"class":74},[60,119001,695],{"class":78},[60,119003,82],{"class":74},[60,119005,85],{"class":78},[60,119007,2958],{"class":74},[60,119009,119010,119012,119014,119016,119018,119020,119022,119024,119026,119028,119030,119032],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,119011,135],{"class":134},[60,119013,122],{"class":74},[60,119015,1657],{"class":1656},[60,119017,122],{"class":74},[60,119019,74274],{"class":134},[60,119021,5456],{"class":74},[60,119023,189],{"class":78},[60,119025,82],{"class":74},[60,119027,695],{"class":78},[60,119029,82],{"class":74},[60,119031,85],{"class":78},[60,119033,93127],{"class":74},[60,119035,119036,119038,119040,119042,119044,119046,119048,119050,119052,119054,119056,119058,119060,119062,119064,119066,119068,119070],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,119037,135],{"class":134},[60,119039,122],{"class":74},[60,119041,74274],{"class":134},[60,119043,835],{"class":74},[60,119045,3261],{"class":255},[60,119047,83123],{"class":259},[60,119049,3261],{"class":255},[60,119051,82],{"class":74},[60,119053,3256],{"class":255},[60,119055,575],{"class":259},[60,119057,3261],{"class":255},[60,119059,791],{"class":74},[60,119061,21512],{"class":9110},[60,119063,71],{"class":70},[60,119065,3405],{"class":1656},[60,119067,115],{"class":74},[60,119069,8576],{"class":24682},[60,119071,315],{"class":74},[60,119073,119074,119076,119078,119080,119082,119084,119086,119088,119090,119092,119094,119096,119098,119100],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,119075,135],{"class":134},[60,119077,122],{"class":74},[60,119079,74274],{"class":134},[60,119081,835],{"class":74},[60,119083,189],{"class":78},[60,119085,82],{"class":74},[60,119087,695],{"class":78},[60,119089,82],{"class":74},[60,119091,85],{"class":78},[60,119093,791],{"class":74},[60,119095,77830],{"class":9110},[60,119097,71],{"class":70},[60,119099,547],{"class":685},[60,119101,315],{"class":74},[20,119103,119104,119105,115],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[260,119106,1343],{"href":1342},[46,119108,1773],{"id":1772},[553,119110,1777,119112,57085],{"id":119111},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,119113,74184],{},[20,119115,119116],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[553,119118,5090,119120,12652],{"id":119119},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,119121,74184],{},[20,119123,119124],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[553,119126,119128,119129,11028,119131,1435],{"id":119127},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,119130,74184],{},[15,119132,77627],{},[20,119134,150,119135,119137],{},[15,119136,74184],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[553,119139,5090,119141,86211,119143,1435],{"id":119140},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,119142,118419],{},[15,119144,74184],{},[20,119146,119147],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[553,119149,1821,119151,119153,119154,1435],{"id":119150},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,119152,74184],{}," give a ",[15,119155,2964],{},[20,119157,119158],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[46,119160,1842],{"id":1841},[30,119162,119163,119167,119175,119179,119185,119191],{},[33,119164,119165],{},[260,119166,79633],{"href":78136},[33,119168,119169],{},[260,119170,1875,119171,10521,119173,5729],{"href":78885},[15,119172,74184],{},[15,119174,77627],{},[33,119176,119177],{},[260,119178,1343],{"href":1342},[33,119180,119181],{},[260,119182,1875,119183,3471],{"href":42290},[15,119184,1878],{},[33,119186,119187],{},[260,119188,1875,119189,3471],{"href":91783},[15,119190,35684],{},[33,119192,119193],{},[260,119194,1875,119195,3471],{"href":36129},[15,119196,36132],{},[1885,119198,119199],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":119201},[119202,119203,119205,119208,119209,119216,119218,119220,119222,119228,119229,119241],{"id":48,"depth":104,"text":49},{"id":117482,"depth":104,"text":119204},"What sorted() does",{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199,"children":119206},[119207],{"id":17329,"depth":131,"text":17330},{"id":11410,"depth":104,"text":11411},{"id":117721,"depth":104,"text":117722,"children":119210},[119211,119212,119213,119214,119215],{"id":8033,"depth":131,"text":117730},{"id":48884,"depth":131,"text":117794},{"id":6228,"depth":131,"text":117891},{"id":60933,"depth":131,"text":117955},{"id":15539,"depth":131,"text":29155},{"id":118160,"depth":104,"text":119217},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118416,"depth":104,"text":119219},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118688,"depth":104,"text":119221},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118744,"depth":104,"text":118745,"children":119223},[119224,119225,119227],{"id":118753,"depth":131,"text":118754},{"id":118808,"depth":131,"text":119226},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":118871,"depth":131,"text":118872},{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":119230},[119231,119233,119235,119237,119239],{"id":119111,"depth":131,"text":119232},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119119,"depth":131,"text":119234},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119127,"depth":131,"text":119236},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119140,"depth":131,"text":119238},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119150,"depth":131,"text":119240},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117384,"description":119242},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119249,"title":119250,"body":119251,"description":121362,"extension":1930,"meta":121363,"navigation":421,"path":78885,"seo":121364,"stem":121365,"__hash__":121366},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119252,"toc":121309},[119253,119260,119263,119273,119279,119282,119300,119308,119310,119369,119377,119381,119403,119407,119411,119413,119430,119432,119444,119450,119534,119538,119585,119591,119598,119602,119607,119609,119621,119626,119679,119683,119703,119710,119717,119721,119724,119743,119747,119861,119865,119935,119937,119949,119954,119958,119971,119975,120050,120054,120093,120100,120106,120111,120115,120129,120133,120198,120202,120235,120238,120243,120251,120258,120271,120274,120278,120361,120365,120402,120406,120509,120513,120574,120579,120586,120590,120593,120599,120602,120669,120673,120697,120699,120717,120724,120777,120781,120801,120807,120809,120866,120873,120899,120904,120909,120917,120923,120983,120987,121034,121037,121039,121042,121068,121071,121164,121166,121186,121190,121193,121211,121217,121219,121227,121232,121239,121242,121248,121251,121257,121265,121273,121278,121280,121306],[10,119254,1875,119256,10521,119258,92841],{"id":119255},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,119257,74184],{},[15,119259,77627],{},[20,119261,119262],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[30,119264,119265,119269],{},[33,119266,119267],{},[15,119268,74184],{},[33,119270,119271],{},[15,119272,77627],{},[20,119274,119275,119276,119278],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[3698,119277,4581],{}," behave the same way.",[20,119280,119281],{},"The main difference is simple:",[30,119283,119284,119292],{},[33,119285,150,119286,119288,119289],{},[15,119287,74184],{}," when you want a ",[3698,119290,119291],{},"new sorted result",[33,119293,150,119294,119296,119297],{},[15,119295,77627],{}," when you want to ",[3698,119298,119299],{},"change the original list",[20,119301,119302,119303,2361,119305,119307],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,119304,77627],{},[15,119306,3734],{}," and causes confusion.",[46,119309,49],{"id":48},[51,119311,119313],{"className":53,"code":119312,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,119314,119315,119335,119339,119356],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,119316,119317,119319,119321,119323,119325,119327,119329,119331,119333],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,119318,67],{"class":66},[60,119320,71],{"class":70},[60,119322,75],{"class":74},[60,119324,189],{"class":78},[60,119326,82],{"class":74},[60,119328,695],{"class":78},[60,119330,82],{"class":74},[60,119332,85],{"class":78},[60,119334,101],{"class":74},[60,119336,119337],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,119338,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,119340,119341,119343,119345,119347,119349,119351,119353],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,119342,55812],{"class":66},[60,119344,71],{"class":70},[60,119346,74318],{"class":134},[60,119348,122],{"class":74},[60,119350,1506],{"class":118},[60,119352,143],{"class":74},[60,119354,119355],{"class":146},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[60,119357,119358,119360,119362,119364,119366],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,119359,1506],{"class":66},[60,119361,115],{"class":74},[60,119363,34733],{"class":118},[60,119365,7308],{"class":74},[60,119367,119368],{"class":146},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,119370,150,119371,119373,119374,119376],{},[15,119372,74184],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,119375,77627],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[46,119378,119380],{"id":119379},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[30,119382,119383,119388,119393,119400],{},[33,119384,150,119385,119387],{},[15,119386,74184],{}," to get a new sorted list",[33,119389,150,119390,119392],{},[15,119391,77627],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[33,119394,119395,119396,2361,119398],{},"Understand why ",[15,119397,77627],{},[15,119399,3734],{},[33,119401,119402],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[46,119404,158,119405,161],{"id":117482},[15,119406,74184],{},[20,119408,119409,62685],{},[15,119410,74184],{},[20,119412,48858],{},[30,119414,119415,119421,119427],{},[33,119416,119417,119418],{},"returns a ",[3698,119419,119420],{},"new list",[33,119422,119423,119424,119426],{},"does ",[3698,119425,4581],{}," change the original data",[33,119428,119429],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,119431,51061],{},[30,119433,119434,119436,119438,119440,119442],{},[33,119435,5247],{},[33,119437,5250],{},[33,119439,5256],{},[33,119441,5253],{},[33,119443,35845],{},[553,119445,35012,119447,119449],{"id":119446},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,119448,74184],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[51,119451,119453],{"className":53,"code":119452,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,119454,119455,119475,119479,119493,119497,119515],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,119456,119457,119459,119461,119463,119465,119467,119469,119471,119473],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,119458,67],{"class":66},[60,119460,71],{"class":70},[60,119462,75],{"class":74},[60,119464,189],{"class":78},[60,119466,82],{"class":74},[60,119468,695],{"class":78},[60,119470,82],{"class":74},[60,119472,85],{"class":78},[60,119474,101],{"class":74},[60,119476,119477],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,119478,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,119480,119481,119483,119485,119487,119489,119491],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,119482,107],{"class":66},[60,119484,71],{"class":70},[60,119486,74318],{"class":134},[60,119488,122],{"class":74},[60,119490,1506],{"class":118},[60,119492,128],{"class":74},[60,119494,119495],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,119496,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,119498,119499,119501,119503,119505,119507,119509,119511,119513],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,119500,135],{"class":134},[60,119502,122],{"class":74},[60,119504,256],{"class":255},[60,119506,12090],{"class":259},[60,119508,256],{"class":255},[60,119510,82],{"class":74},[60,119512,112],{"class":118},[60,119514,128],{"class":74},[60,119516,119517,119519,119521,119523,119526,119528,119530,119532],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,119518,135],{"class":134},[60,119520,122],{"class":74},[60,119522,256],{"class":255},[60,119524,119525],{"class":259},"sorted result:",[60,119527,256],{"class":255},[60,119529,82],{"class":74},[60,119531,80977],{"class":118},[60,119533,128],{"class":74},[20,119535,119536],{},[3698,119537,318],{},[51,119539,119541],{"className":53,"code":119540,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,119542,119543,119563],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,119544,119545,119547,119549,119551,119553,119555,119557,119559,119561],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,119546,12069],{"class":66},[60,119548,166],{"class":74},[60,119550,75],{"class":74},[60,119552,189],{"class":78},[60,119554,82],{"class":74},[60,119556,695],{"class":78},[60,119558,82],{"class":74},[60,119560,85],{"class":78},[60,119562,101],{"class":74},[60,119564,119565,119567,119569,119571,119573,119575,119577,119579,119581,119583],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,119566,74274],{"class":134},[60,119568,80977],{"class":66},[60,119570,166],{"class":74},[60,119572,75],{"class":74},[60,119574,79],{"class":78},[60,119576,82],{"class":74},[60,119578,85],{"class":78},[60,119580,82],{"class":74},[60,119582,94],{"class":78},[60,119584,101],{"class":74},[20,119586,119587,119588,119590],{},"The important part is that ",[15,119589,1506],{}," stays the same.",[20,119592,119593,119594,115],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[260,119595,1875,119596,3471],{"href":74281},[15,119597,74184],{},[46,119599,158,119600,161],{"id":77693},[15,119601,77627],{},[20,119603,119604,119606],{},[15,119605,64071],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,119608,48858],{},[30,119610,119611,119614,119617],{},[33,119612,119613],{},"changes the original list directly",[33,119615,119616],{},"only works on lists",[33,119618,3646,119619],{},[15,119620,3734],{},[553,119622,35012,119624,73722],{"id":119623},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,119625,77627],{},[51,119627,119629],{"className":53,"code":119628,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119630,119631,119651,119655,119665,119669],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,119632,119633,119635,119637,119639,119641,119643,119645,119647,119649],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,119634,67],{"class":66},[60,119636,71],{"class":70},[60,119638,75],{"class":74},[60,119640,189],{"class":78},[60,119642,82],{"class":74},[60,119644,695],{"class":78},[60,119646,82],{"class":74},[60,119648,85],{"class":78},[60,119650,101],{"class":74},[60,119652,119653],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,119654,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,119656,119657,119659,119661,119663],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,119658,1506],{"class":66},[60,119660,115],{"class":74},[60,119662,34733],{"class":118},[60,119664,8579],{"class":74},[60,119666,119667],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,119668,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,119670,119671,119673,119675,119677],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,119672,135],{"class":134},[60,119674,122],{"class":74},[60,119676,1506],{"class":118},[60,119678,128],{"class":74},[20,119680,119681],{},[3698,119682,318],{},[51,119684,119685],{"className":53,"code":55073,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,119686,119687],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,119688,119689,119691,119693,119695,119697,119699,119701],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,119690,3854],{"class":74},[60,119692,79],{"class":78},[60,119694,82],{"class":74},[60,119696,85],{"class":78},[60,119698,82],{"class":74},[60,119700,94],{"class":78},[60,119702,101],{"class":74},[20,119704,119705,119706,119709],{},"After calling ",[15,119707,119708],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,119711,119712,119713,115],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[260,119714,1875,119715,1869],{"href":74535},[15,119716,77627],{},[46,119718,119720],{"id":119719},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,119722,119723],{},"Here is the core difference:",[30,119725,119726,119735],{},[33,119727,119728,119731,119732],{},[15,119729,119730],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[3698,119733,119734],{},"new sorted list",[33,119736,119737,119740,119741,74092],{},[15,119738,119739],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,119742,212],{},[553,119744,119746],{"id":119745},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[51,119748,119750],{"className":53,"code":119749,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,119751,119752,119772,119776,119790,119809,119828,119832,119842],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,119753,119754,119756,119758,119760,119762,119764,119766,119768,119770],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,119755,67],{"class":66},[60,119757,71],{"class":70},[60,119759,75],{"class":74},[60,119761,1086],{"class":78},[60,119763,82],{"class":74},[60,119765,85],{"class":78},[60,119767,82],{"class":74},[60,119769,800],{"class":78},[60,119771,101],{"class":74},[60,119773,119774],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,119775,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,119777,119778,119780,119782,119784,119786,119788],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,119779,2515],{"class":66},[60,119781,71],{"class":70},[60,119783,74318],{"class":134},[60,119785,122],{"class":74},[60,119787,1506],{"class":118},[60,119789,128],{"class":74},[60,119791,119792,119794,119796,119798,119801,119803,119805,119807],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,119793,135],{"class":134},[60,119795,122],{"class":74},[60,119797,256],{"class":255},[60,119799,119800],{"class":259},"numbers after sorted():",[60,119802,256],{"class":255},[60,119804,82],{"class":74},[60,119806,112],{"class":118},[60,119808,128],{"class":74},[60,119810,119811,119813,119815,119817,119820,119822,119824,119826],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,119812,135],{"class":134},[60,119814,122],{"class":74},[60,119816,256],{"class":255},[60,119818,119819],{"class":259},"a:",[60,119821,256],{"class":255},[60,119823,82],{"class":74},[60,119825,56809],{"class":118},[60,119827,128],{"class":74},[60,119829,119830],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,119831,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,119833,119834,119836,119838,119840],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,119835,1506],{"class":66},[60,119837,115],{"class":74},[60,119839,34733],{"class":118},[60,119841,8579],{"class":74},[60,119843,119844,119846,119848,119850,119853,119855,119857,119859],{"class":62,"line":6367},[60,119845,135],{"class":134},[60,119847,122],{"class":74},[60,119849,256],{"class":255},[60,119851,119852],{"class":259},"numbers after sort():",[60,119854,256],{"class":255},[60,119856,82],{"class":74},[60,119858,112],{"class":118},[60,119860,128],{"class":74},[20,119862,119863],{},[3698,119864,318],{},[51,119866,119868],{"className":53,"code":119867,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,119869,119870,119893,119913],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,119871,119872,119875,119877,119879,119881,119883,119885,119887,119889,119891],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,119873,119874],{"class":66},"numbers after ",[60,119876,74274],{"class":134},[60,119878,29516],{"class":74},[60,119880,75],{"class":74},[60,119882,1086],{"class":78},[60,119884,82],{"class":74},[60,119886,85],{"class":78},[60,119888,82],{"class":74},[60,119890,800],{"class":78},[60,119892,101],{"class":74},[60,119894,119895,119897,119899,119901,119903,119905,119907,119909,119911],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,119896,260],{"class":66},[60,119898,166],{"class":74},[60,119900,75],{"class":74},[60,119902,125],{"class":78},[60,119904,82],{"class":74},[60,119906,800],{"class":78},[60,119908,82],{"class":74},[60,119910,4555],{"class":78},[60,119912,101],{"class":74},[60,119914,119915,119917,119919,119921,119923,119925,119927,119929,119931,119933],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,119916,119874],{"class":66},[60,119918,34733],{"class":118},[60,119920,29516],{"class":74},[60,119922,75],{"class":74},[60,119924,125],{"class":78},[60,119926,82],{"class":74},[60,119928,800],{"class":78},[60,119930,82],{"class":74},[60,119932,4555],{"class":78},[60,119934,101],{"class":74},[20,119936,10649],{},[30,119938,119939,119944],{},[33,119940,119941,119943],{},[15,119942,74184],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[33,119945,119946,119948],{},[15,119947,64071],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[46,119950,1221,119952],{"id":119951},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,119953,74184],{},[20,119955,150,119956,10537],{},[15,119957,74184],{},[30,119959,119960,119963,119965,119968],{},[33,119961,119962],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[33,119964,118732],{},[33,119966,119967],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[33,119969,119970],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[553,119972,119974],{"id":119973},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[51,119976,119978],{"className":53,"code":119977,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,119979,119980,120004,120008,120022,120026,120036],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,119981,119982,119984,119986,119988,119990,119992,119994,119996,119998,120000,120002],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,119983,67],{"class":66},[60,119985,71],{"class":70},[60,119987,9171],{"class":74},[60,119989,2465],{"class":78},[60,119991,82],{"class":74},[60,119993,695],{"class":78},[60,119995,82],{"class":74},[60,119997,94],{"class":78},[60,119999,82],{"class":74},[60,120001,85],{"class":78},[60,120003,128],{"class":74},[60,120005,120006],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,120007,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,120009,120010,120012,120014,120016,120018,120020],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,120011,107],{"class":66},[60,120013,71],{"class":70},[60,120015,74318],{"class":134},[60,120017,122],{"class":74},[60,120019,1506],{"class":118},[60,120021,128],{"class":74},[60,120023,120024],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,120025,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,120027,120028,120030,120032,120034],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,120029,135],{"class":134},[60,120031,122],{"class":74},[60,120033,140],{"class":118},[60,120035,128],{"class":74},[60,120037,120038,120040,120042,120044,120046,120048],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,120039,135],{"class":134},[60,120041,122],{"class":74},[60,120043,1657],{"class":1656},[60,120045,122],{"class":74},[60,120047,140],{"class":118},[60,120049,315],{"class":74},[20,120051,120052],{},[3698,120053,318],{},[51,120055,120057],{"className":53,"code":120056,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120058,120059,120079],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,120060,120061,120063,120065,120067,120069,120071,120073,120075,120077],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,120062,3854],{"class":74},[60,120064,79],{"class":78},[60,120066,82],{"class":74},[60,120068,85],{"class":78},[60,120070,82],{"class":74},[60,120072,94],{"class":78},[60,120074,82],{"class":74},[60,120076,800],{"class":78},[60,120078,101],{"class":74},[60,120080,120081,120083,120085,120087,120089,120091],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,120082,3250],{"class":70},[60,120084,3253],{"class":2033},[60,120086,3256],{"class":255},[60,120088,8033],{"class":259},[60,120090,3261],{"class":255},[60,120092,3264],{"class":70},[20,120094,2250,120095,120097,120098,115],{},[15,120096,74184],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[3698,120099,8033],{},[20,120101,120102,120103,120105],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[260,120104,1343],{"href":1342}," is a helpful next step.",[46,120107,1221,120109],{"id":120108},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,120110,77627],{},[20,120112,150,120113,10537],{},[15,120114,77627],{},[30,120116,120117,120120,120123,120126],{},[33,120118,120119],{},"you already have a list",[33,120121,120122],{},"you want to update that list directly",[33,120124,120125],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[33,120127,120128],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[553,120130,120132],{"id":120131},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[51,120134,120136],{"className":53,"code":120135,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,120137,120138,120170,120174,120184,120188],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,120139,120140,120142,120144,120146,120148,120150,120152,120154,120156,120158,120160,120162,120164,120166,120168],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,120141,1559],{"class":66},[60,120143,71],{"class":70},[60,120145,75],{"class":74},[60,120147,256],{"class":255},[60,120149,4970],{"class":259},[60,120151,256],{"class":255},[60,120153,82],{"class":74},[60,120155,267],{"class":255},[60,120157,4952],{"class":259},[60,120159,256],{"class":255},[60,120161,82],{"class":74},[60,120163,267],{"class":255},[60,120165,4961],{"class":259},[60,120167,256],{"class":255},[60,120169,101],{"class":74},[60,120171,120172],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,120173,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,120175,120176,120178,120180,120182],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,120177,1599],{"class":66},[60,120179,115],{"class":74},[60,120181,34733],{"class":118},[60,120183,8579],{"class":74},[60,120185,120186],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,120187,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,120189,120190,120192,120194,120196],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,120191,135],{"class":134},[60,120193,122],{"class":74},[60,120195,1599],{"class":118},[60,120197,128],{"class":74},[20,120199,120200],{},[3698,120201,318],{},[51,120203,120205],{"className":53,"code":120204,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,120206,120207],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,120208,120209,120211,120213,120215,120217,120219,120221,120223,120225,120227,120229,120231,120233],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,120210,3854],{"class":74},[60,120212,3261],{"class":255},[60,120214,4952],{"class":259},[60,120216,3261],{"class":255},[60,120218,82],{"class":74},[60,120220,3256],{"class":255},[60,120222,4961],{"class":259},[60,120224,3261],{"class":255},[60,120226,82],{"class":74},[60,120228,3256],{"class":255},[60,120230,4970],{"class":259},[60,120232,3261],{"class":255},[60,120234,101],{"class":74},[20,120236,120237],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,120239,120240,120241,115],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[260,120242,79633],{"href":78136},[46,120244,120246,544,120248,120250],{"id":120245},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,120247,73337],{},[15,120249,14776],{}," work with both",[20,120252,10526,120253,544,120255,120257],{},[15,120254,74184],{},[15,120256,77627],{}," support:",[30,120259,120260,120265],{},[33,120261,120262,120264],{},[15,120263,77851],{}," for descending order",[33,120266,120267,120270],{},[15,120268,120269],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,120272,120273],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[553,120275,120277],{"id":120276},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[51,120279,120281],{"className":53,"code":120280,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120282,120283,120303,120307,120329,120333,120351],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,120284,120285,120287,120289,120291,120293,120295,120297,120299,120301],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,120286,67],{"class":66},[60,120288,71],{"class":70},[60,120290,75],{"class":74},[60,120292,189],{"class":78},[60,120294,82],{"class":74},[60,120296,695],{"class":78},[60,120298,82],{"class":74},[60,120300,85],{"class":78},[60,120302,101],{"class":74},[60,120304,120305],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,120306,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,120308,120309,120311,120313,120315,120317,120319,120321,120323,120325,120327],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,120310,135],{"class":134},[60,120312,122],{"class":74},[60,120314,74274],{"class":134},[60,120316,122],{"class":74},[60,120318,1506],{"class":118},[60,120320,82],{"class":74},[60,120322,77830],{"class":9110},[60,120324,71],{"class":70},[60,120326,547],{"class":685},[60,120328,315],{"class":74},[60,120330,120331],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,120332,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,120334,120335,120337,120339,120341,120343,120345,120347,120349],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,120336,1506],{"class":66},[60,120338,115],{"class":74},[60,120340,34733],{"class":118},[60,120342,122],{"class":74},[60,120344,73337],{"class":9110},[60,120346,71],{"class":70},[60,120348,547],{"class":685},[60,120350,128],{"class":74},[60,120352,120353,120355,120357,120359],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,120354,135],{"class":134},[60,120356,122],{"class":74},[60,120358,1506],{"class":118},[60,120360,128],{"class":74},[20,120362,120363],{},[3698,120364,318],{},[51,120366,120368],{"className":53,"code":120367,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,120369,120370,120386],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,120371,120372,120374,120376,120378,120380,120382,120384],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,120373,3854],{"class":74},[60,120375,189],{"class":78},[60,120377,82],{"class":74},[60,120379,85],{"class":78},[60,120381,82],{"class":74},[60,120383,695],{"class":78},[60,120385,101],{"class":74},[60,120387,120388,120390,120392,120394,120396,120398,120400],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,120389,3854],{"class":74},[60,120391,189],{"class":78},[60,120393,82],{"class":74},[60,120395,85],{"class":78},[60,120397,82],{"class":74},[60,120399,695],{"class":78},[60,120401,101],{"class":74},[553,120403,120405],{"id":120404},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[51,120407,120409],{"className":53,"code":120408,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,120410,120411,120443,120447,120473,120477,120499],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,120412,120413,120415,120417,120419,120421,120423,120425,120427,120429,120431,120433,120435,120437,120439,120441],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,120414,566],{"class":66},[60,120416,71],{"class":70},[60,120418,75],{"class":74},[60,120420,256],{"class":255},[60,120422,83123],{"class":259},[60,120424,256],{"class":255},[60,120426,82],{"class":74},[60,120428,267],{"class":255},[60,120430,575],{"class":259},[60,120432,256],{"class":255},[60,120434,82],{"class":74},[60,120436,267],{"class":255},[60,120438,118597],{"class":259},[60,120440,256],{"class":255},[60,120442,101],{"class":74},[60,120444,120445],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,120446,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,120448,120449,120451,120453,120455,120457,120459,120461,120463,120465,120467,120469,120471],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,120450,135],{"class":134},[60,120452,122],{"class":74},[60,120454,74274],{"class":134},[60,120456,122],{"class":74},[60,120458,605],{"class":118},[60,120460,82],{"class":74},[60,120462,21512],{"class":9110},[60,120464,71],{"class":70},[60,120466,3405],{"class":1656},[60,120468,115],{"class":74},[60,120470,8576],{"class":24682},[60,120472,315],{"class":74},[60,120474,120475],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,120476,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,120478,120479,120481,120483,120485,120487,120489,120491,120493,120495,120497],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,120480,605],{"class":66},[60,120482,115],{"class":74},[60,120484,34733],{"class":118},[60,120486,122],{"class":74},[60,120488,14776],{"class":9110},[60,120490,71],{"class":70},[60,120492,3405],{"class":1656},[60,120494,115],{"class":74},[60,120496,8576],{"class":24682},[60,120498,128],{"class":74},[60,120500,120501,120503,120505,120507],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,120502,135],{"class":134},[60,120504,122],{"class":74},[60,120506,605],{"class":118},[60,120508,128],{"class":74},[20,120510,120511],{},[3698,120512,318],{},[51,120514,120516],{"className":53,"code":120515,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120517,120518,120546],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,120519,120520,120522,120524,120526,120528,120530,120532,120534,120536,120538,120540,120542,120544],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,120521,3854],{"class":74},[60,120523,3261],{"class":255},[60,120525,575],{"class":259},[60,120527,3261],{"class":255},[60,120529,82],{"class":74},[60,120531,3256],{"class":255},[60,120533,83123],{"class":259},[60,120535,3261],{"class":255},[60,120537,82],{"class":74},[60,120539,3256],{"class":255},[60,120541,118597],{"class":259},[60,120543,3261],{"class":255},[60,120545,101],{"class":74},[60,120547,120548,120550,120552,120554,120556,120558,120560,120562,120564,120566,120568,120570,120572],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,120549,3854],{"class":74},[60,120551,3261],{"class":255},[60,120553,575],{"class":259},[60,120555,3261],{"class":255},[60,120557,82],{"class":74},[60,120559,3256],{"class":255},[60,120561,83123],{"class":259},[60,120563,3261],{"class":255},[60,120565,82],{"class":74},[60,120567,3256],{"class":255},[60,120569,118597],{"class":259},[60,120571,3261],{"class":255},[60,120573,101],{"class":74},[20,120575,8356,120576,120578],{},[15,120577,78345],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,120580,120581,120582,115],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[260,120583,120585],{"href":120584},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[46,120587,120589],{"id":120588},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,120591,120592],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[553,120594,120596,120597,12534],{"id":120595},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,120598,77627],{},[20,120600,120601],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[51,120603,120605],{"className":53,"code":120604,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120606,120607,120627,120631,120645,120649,120659],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,120608,120609,120611,120613,120615,120617,120619,120621,120623,120625],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,120610,67],{"class":66},[60,120612,71],{"class":70},[60,120614,75],{"class":74},[60,120616,189],{"class":78},[60,120618,82],{"class":74},[60,120620,695],{"class":78},[60,120622,82],{"class":74},[60,120624,85],{"class":78},[60,120626,101],{"class":74},[60,120628,120629],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,120630,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,120632,120633,120635,120637,120639,120641,120643],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,120634,107],{"class":66},[60,120636,71],{"class":70},[60,120638,112],{"class":66},[60,120640,115],{"class":74},[60,120642,34733],{"class":118},[60,120644,8579],{"class":74},[60,120646,120647],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,120648,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,120650,120651,120653,120655,120657],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,120652,135],{"class":134},[60,120654,122],{"class":74},[60,120656,140],{"class":118},[60,120658,128],{"class":74},[60,120660,120661,120663,120665,120667],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,120662,135],{"class":134},[60,120664,122],{"class":74},[60,120666,1506],{"class":118},[60,120668,128],{"class":74},[20,120670,120671],{},[3698,120672,318],{},[51,120674,120675],{"className":53,"code":78968,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,120676,120677,120681],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,120678,120679],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,120680,11745],{"class":685},[60,120682,120683,120685,120687,120689,120691,120693,120695],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,120684,3854],{"class":74},[60,120686,79],{"class":78},[60,120688,82],{"class":74},[60,120690,85],{"class":78},[60,120692,82],{"class":74},[60,120694,94],{"class":78},[60,120696,101],{"class":74},[20,120698,11837],{},[30,120700,120701,120706,120711],{},[33,120702,120703,120705],{},[15,120704,119708],{}," sorts the list in place",[33,120707,34949,120708,120710],{},[3698,120709,4581],{}," return the sorted list",[33,120712,89747,120713,42087,120715],{},[15,120714,140],{},[15,120716,3734],{},[553,120718,120720,120721,120723],{"id":120719},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,120722,74184],{}," to change the original list",[51,120725,120727],{"className":53,"code":120726,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120728,120729,120749,120753,120763,120767],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,120730,120731,120733,120735,120737,120739,120741,120743,120745,120747],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,120732,67],{"class":66},[60,120734,71],{"class":70},[60,120736,75],{"class":74},[60,120738,189],{"class":78},[60,120740,82],{"class":74},[60,120742,695],{"class":78},[60,120744,82],{"class":74},[60,120746,85],{"class":78},[60,120748,101],{"class":74},[60,120750,120751],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,120752,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,120754,120755,120757,120759,120761],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,120756,74274],{"class":134},[60,120758,122],{"class":74},[60,120760,1506],{"class":118},[60,120762,128],{"class":74},[60,120764,120765],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,120766,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,120768,120769,120771,120773,120775],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,120770,135],{"class":134},[60,120772,122],{"class":74},[60,120774,1506],{"class":118},[60,120776,128],{"class":74},[20,120778,120779],{},[3698,120780,318],{},[51,120782,120783],{"className":53,"code":118929,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,120784,120785],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,120786,120787,120789,120791,120793,120795,120797,120799],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,120788,3854],{"class":74},[60,120790,189],{"class":78},[60,120792,82],{"class":74},[60,120794,695],{"class":78},[60,120796,82],{"class":74},[60,120798,85],{"class":78},[60,120800,101],{"class":74},[20,120802,120803,120806],{},[15,120804,120805],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,120808,10743],{},[51,120810,120812],{"className":53,"code":120811,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,120813,120814,120834,120838,120852,120856],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,120815,120816,120818,120820,120822,120824,120826,120828,120830,120832],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,120817,67],{"class":66},[60,120819,71],{"class":70},[60,120821,75],{"class":74},[60,120823,189],{"class":78},[60,120825,82],{"class":74},[60,120827,695],{"class":78},[60,120829,82],{"class":74},[60,120831,85],{"class":78},[60,120833,101],{"class":74},[60,120835,120836],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,120837,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,120839,120840,120842,120844,120846,120848,120850],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,120841,55564],{"class":66},[60,120843,71],{"class":70},[60,120845,74318],{"class":134},[60,120847,122],{"class":74},[60,120849,1506],{"class":118},[60,120851,128],{"class":74},[60,120853,120854],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,120855,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,120857,120858,120860,120862,120864],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,120859,135],{"class":134},[60,120861,122],{"class":74},[60,120863,55583],{"class":118},[60,120865,128],{"class":74},[553,120867,120869,120870,120872],{"id":120868},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,120871,64071],{}," on a tuple or string",[51,120874,120875],{"className":53,"code":79070,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,120876,120877,120889],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,120878,120879,120881,120883,120885,120887],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,120880,34621],{"class":66},[60,120882,71],{"class":70},[60,120884,267],{"class":255},[60,120886,55],{"class":259},[60,120888,3320],{"class":255},[60,120890,120891,120893,120895,120897],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,120892,34642],{"class":66},[60,120894,115],{"class":74},[60,120896,34733],{"class":118},[60,120898,8579],{"class":74},[20,120900,120901,120902,33533],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,120903,64071],{},[20,120905,120906,120908],{},[15,120907,64071],{}," only works on lists.",[20,120910,120911,120912,120914,120915,115],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,120913,74184],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[260,120916,5084],{"href":5532},[553,120918,120920,120921,118966],{"id":120919},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,120922,74184],{},[51,120924,120926],{"className":53,"code":120925,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120927,120928,120941,120955,120959,120969],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,120929,120930,120932,120934,120936,120939],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,120931,34621],{"class":66},[60,120933,71],{"class":70},[60,120935,267],{"class":255},[60,120937,120938],{"class":259},"cab",[60,120940,3320],{"class":255},[60,120942,120943,120945,120947,120949,120951,120953],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,120944,107],{"class":66},[60,120946,71],{"class":70},[60,120948,74318],{"class":134},[60,120950,122],{"class":74},[60,120952,34642],{"class":118},[60,120954,128],{"class":74},[60,120956,120957],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,120958,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,120960,120961,120963,120965,120967],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,120962,135],{"class":134},[60,120964,122],{"class":74},[60,120966,140],{"class":118},[60,120968,128],{"class":74},[60,120970,120971,120973,120975,120977,120979,120981],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,120972,135],{"class":134},[60,120974,122],{"class":74},[60,120976,1657],{"class":1656},[60,120978,122],{"class":74},[60,120980,140],{"class":118},[60,120982,315],{"class":74},[20,120984,120985],{},[3698,120986,318],{},[51,120988,120990],{"className":53,"code":120989,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120991,120992,121020],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,120993,120994,120996,120998,121000,121002,121004,121006,121008,121010,121012,121014,121016,121018],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,120995,3854],{"class":74},[60,120997,3261],{"class":255},[60,120999,260],{"class":259},[60,121001,3261],{"class":255},[60,121003,82],{"class":74},[60,121005,3256],{"class":255},[60,121007,270],{"class":259},[60,121009,3261],{"class":255},[60,121011,82],{"class":74},[60,121013,3256],{"class":255},[60,121015,287],{"class":259},[60,121017,3261],{"class":255},[60,121019,101],{"class":74},[60,121021,121022,121024,121026,121028,121030,121032],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,121023,3250],{"class":70},[60,121025,3253],{"class":2033},[60,121027,3256],{"class":255},[60,121029,8033],{"class":259},[60,121031,3261],{"class":255},[60,121033,3264],{"class":70},[20,121035,121036],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[46,121038,113487],{"id":113486},[20,121040,121041],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[30,121043,121044,121047,121052,121057,121063],{},[33,121045,121046],{},"confusing a function with a method",[33,121048,121049,121050,53569],{},"not knowing that ",[15,121051,64071],{},[33,121053,121054,121055,12534],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,121056,77627],{},[33,121058,121059,121060,121062],{},"trying to use ",[15,121061,64071],{}," on non-list data types",[33,121064,50436,121065,121067],{},[15,121066,74184],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,121069,121070],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[51,121072,121074],{"className":53,"code":121073,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,121075,121076,121086,121100,121125,121140,121150],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,121077,121078,121080,121082,121084],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,121079,135],{"class":134},[60,121081,122],{"class":74},[60,121083,212],{"class":118},[60,121085,128],{"class":74},[60,121087,121088,121090,121092,121094,121096,121098],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,121089,135],{"class":134},[60,121091,122],{"class":74},[60,121093,74274],{"class":134},[60,121095,122],{"class":74},[60,121097,212],{"class":118},[60,121099,315],{"class":74},[60,121101,121102,121104,121106,121108,121110,121112,121114,121117,121119,121121,121123],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,121103,107],{"class":66},[60,121105,71],{"class":70},[60,121107,1695],{"class":66},[60,121109,115],{"class":74},[60,121111,34733],{"class":118},[60,121113,7308],{"class":74},[60,121115,121116],{"class":66},"; ",[60,121118,135],{"class":134},[60,121120,122],{"class":74},[60,121122,140],{"class":118},[60,121124,128],{"class":74},[60,121126,121127,121129,121131,121133,121135,121138],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,121128,135],{"class":134},[60,121130,122],{"class":74},[60,121132,1657],{"class":1656},[60,121134,122],{"class":74},[60,121136,121137],{"class":118},"my_data",[60,121139,315],{"class":74},[60,121141,121142,121144,121146,121148],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,121143,32085],{"class":134},[60,121145,122],{"class":74},[60,121147,74274],{"class":134},[60,121149,128],{"class":74},[60,121151,121152,121154,121156,121158,121160,121162],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,121153,32085],{"class":134},[60,121155,122],{"class":74},[60,121157,8033],{"class":1656},[60,121159,115],{"class":74},[60,121161,34733],{"class":24682},[60,121163,128],{"class":74},[20,121165,84133],{},[30,121167,121168,121171,121175,121183],{},[33,121169,121170],{},"whether your original list changed",[33,121172,25952,121173,11642],{},[15,121174,74184],{},[33,121176,121177,121178,121180,121181],{},"whether ",[15,121179,64071],{}," returned ",[15,121182,3734],{},[33,121184,121185],{},"what type of object you are working with",[46,121187,121189],{"id":121188},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,121191,121192],{},"Use this rule:",[30,121194,121195,121203],{},[33,121196,121197,121198,121200,121201],{},"Need a ",[3698,121199,119291],{},": use ",[15,121202,74184],{},[33,121204,121205,121206,121200,121209],{},"Need to ",[3698,121207,121208],{},"change one list directly",[15,121210,77627],{},[20,121212,121213,121214,121216],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,121215,74184],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[46,121218,1773],{"id":1772},[553,121220,121222,121223,1460,121225,1435],{"id":121221},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,121224,74184],{},[15,121226,77627],{},[20,121228,121229,121231],{},[15,121230,74184],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[553,121233,1821,121235,5108,121237,1435],{"id":121234},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,121236,77627],{},[15,121238,3734],{},[20,121240,121241],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[553,121243,1796,121245,121247],{"id":121244},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,121246,74184],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,121249,121250],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[553,121252,28261,121254,121256],{"id":121253},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,121255,64071],{}," on a string?",[20,121258,46297,121259,121261,121262,39863],{},[15,121260,64071],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,121263,121264],{},"sorted(string)",[553,121266,11756,121268,544,121270,121272],{"id":121267},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,121269,74184],{},[15,121271,64071],{}," both support descending order?",[20,121274,121275,121276,115],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,121277,77851],{},[46,121279,1842],{"id":1841},[30,121281,121282,121288,121294,121298,121302],{},[33,121283,121284],{},[260,121285,1875,121286,3471],{"href":74281},[15,121287,74184],{},[33,121289,121290],{},[260,121291,1875,121292,1869],{"href":74535},[15,121293,77627],{},[33,121295,121296],{},[260,121297,79633],{"href":78136},[33,121299,121300],{},[260,121301,120585],{"href":120584},[33,121303,121304],{},[260,121305,1343],{"href":1342},[1885,121307,121308],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":121310},[121311,121312,121313,121317,121321,121324,121328,121332,121337,121347,121348,121349,121361],{"id":48,"depth":104,"text":49},{"id":119379,"depth":104,"text":119380},{"id":117482,"depth":104,"text":119204,"children":121314},[121315],{"id":119446,"depth":131,"text":121316},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":77693,"depth":104,"text":79655,"children":121318},[121319],{"id":119623,"depth":131,"text":121320},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119719,"depth":104,"text":119720,"children":121322},[121323],{"id":119745,"depth":131,"text":119746},{"id":119951,"depth":104,"text":121325,"children":121326},"When to use sorted()",[121327],{"id":119973,"depth":131,"text":119974},{"id":120108,"depth":104,"text":121329,"children":121330},"When to use list.sort()",[121331],{"id":120131,"depth":131,"text":120132},{"id":120245,"depth":104,"text":121333,"children":121334},"reverse and key work with both",[121335,121336],{"id":120276,"depth":131,"text":120277},{"id":120404,"depth":131,"text":120405},{"id":120588,"depth":104,"text":120589,"children":121338},[121339,121341,121343,121345],{"id":120595,"depth":131,"text":121340},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120719,"depth":131,"text":121342},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":120868,"depth":131,"text":121344},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":120919,"depth":131,"text":121346},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113486,"depth":104,"text":113487},{"id":121188,"depth":104,"text":121189},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":121350},[121351,121353,121355,121357,121359],{"id":121221,"depth":131,"text":121352},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121234,"depth":131,"text":121354},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121244,"depth":131,"text":121356},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121253,"depth":131,"text":121358},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121267,"depth":131,"text":121360},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119250,"description":121362},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121368,"title":42108,"body":121369,"description":123101,"extension":1930,"meta":123102,"navigation":421,"path":123103,"seo":123104,"stem":123105,"__hash__":123106},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121370,"toc":123058},[121371,121376,121381,121387,121389,121444,121448,121471,121476,121481,121486,121488,121519,121522,121536,121538,121540,121555,121560,121564,121567,121618,121622,121636,121643,121647,121651,121706,121710,121733,121737,121793,121797,121820,121824,121879,121883,121906,121910,121977,121981,122016,122022,122027,122032,122034,122048,122050,122124,122128,122148,122153,122160,122163,122175,122177,122246,122250,122287,122290,122315,122322,122331,122334,122346,122352,122358,122360,122366,122371,122450,122454,122495,122499,122501,122528,122531,122554,122557,122563,122566,122603,122615,122622,122624,122675,122678,122710,122713,122715,122722,122724,122739,122741,122798,122802,122826,122828,122833,122849,122856,122860,122863,122946,122956,122958,122963,122966,122972,122975,122981,122984,122990,122993,123000,123008,123010,123055],[10,121372,1875,121374,3541],{"id":121373},"python-str-function-explained",[15,121375,47614],{},[20,121377,32250,121378,121380],{},[15,121379,47614],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,121382,121383,121384,121386],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,121385,47614],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[46,121388,1972],{"id":1971},[51,121390,121392],{"className":53,"code":121391,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121393,121394,121402,121416,121420,121430],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,121395,121396,121398,121400],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,121397,21561],{"class":66},[60,121399,71],{"class":70},[60,121401,45157],{"class":78},[60,121403,121404,121406,121408,121410,121412,121414],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,121405,34621],{"class":66},[60,121407,71],{"class":70},[60,121409,48835],{"class":1656},[60,121411,122],{"class":74},[60,121413,9234],{"class":118},[60,121415,128],{"class":74},[60,121417,121418],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,121419,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,121421,121422,121424,121426,121428],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,121423,135],{"class":134},[60,121425,122],{"class":74},[60,121427,34642],{"class":118},[60,121429,128],{"class":74},[60,121431,121432,121434,121436,121438,121440,121442],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,121433,135],{"class":134},[60,121435,122],{"class":74},[60,121437,1657],{"class":1656},[60,121439,122],{"class":74},[60,121441,34642],{"class":118},[60,121443,315],{"class":74},[20,121445,121446],{},[3698,121447,318],{},[51,121449,121451],{"className":53,"code":121450,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121452,121453,121457],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,121454,121455],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,121456,2670],{"class":78},[60,121458,121459,121461,121463,121465,121467,121469],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,121460,3250],{"class":70},[60,121462,3253],{"class":2033},[60,121464,3256],{"class":255},[60,121466,3405],{"class":259},[60,121468,3261],{"class":255},[60,121470,3264],{"class":70},[20,121472,150,121473,121475],{},[15,121474,47614],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[46,121477,158,121479,161],{"id":121478},"what-str-does",[15,121480,47614],{},[20,121482,121483,121485],{},[15,121484,47614],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,121487,2075],{},[30,121489,121490,121497,121504,121511],{},[33,121491,121492,121493,42087,121495],{},"An integer like ",[15,121494,873],{},[15,121496,42059],{},[33,121498,121499,121500,42087,121502],{},"A float like ",[15,121501,40077],{},[15,121503,48025],{},[33,121505,121506,121507,42087,121509],{},"A boolean like ",[15,121508,547],{},[15,121510,6583],{},[33,121512,121513,121514,42087,121516],{},"A list like ",[15,121515,75006],{},[15,121517,121518],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,121520,121521],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[30,121523,121524,121527,121530,121533],{},[33,121525,121526],{},"print it",[33,121528,121529],{},"combine it with other strings",[33,121531,121532],{},"save it to a file",[33,121534,121535],{},"use it in messages",[46,121537,199],{"id":198},[20,121539,7160],{},[51,121541,121543],{"className":53,"code":121542,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"str(object)\n",[15,121544,121545],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,121546,121547,121549,121551,121553],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,121548,3405],{"class":1656},[60,121550,122],{"class":74},[60,121552,42330],{"class":1656},[60,121554,128],{"class":74},[20,121556,20704,121557,121559],{},[15,121558,42330],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,121561,121562,8165],{},[15,121563,47614],{},[20,121565,121566],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[51,121568,121570],{"className":53,"code":121569,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,121571,121572,121581,121604,121608],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,121573,121574,121576,121578],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,121575,5043],{"class":66},[60,121577,71],{"class":70},[60,121579,121580],{"class":78}," 100\n",[60,121582,121583,121585,121587,121589,121592,121594,121596,121598,121600,121602],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,121584,89767],{"class":66},[60,121586,71],{"class":70},[60,121588,267],{"class":255},[60,121590,121591],{"class":259},"Your score is ",[60,121593,256],{"class":255},[60,121595,2417],{"class":70},[60,121597,48835],{"class":1656},[60,121599,122],{"class":74},[60,121601,85280],{"class":118},[60,121603,128],{"class":74},[60,121605,121606],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,121607,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,121609,121610,121612,121614,121616],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,121611,135],{"class":134},[60,121613,122],{"class":74},[60,121615,89784],{"class":118},[60,121617,128],{"class":74},[20,121619,121620],{},[3698,121621,318],{},[51,121623,121625],{"className":53,"code":121624,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Your score is 100\n",[15,121626,121627],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,121628,121629,121632,121634],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,121630,121631],{"class":66},"Your score ",[60,121633,12130],{"class":70},[60,121635,121580],{"class":78},[20,121637,2260,121638,121642],{},[260,121639,121640,2267],{"href":2263},[15,121641,2266],{}," can help you check.",[46,121644,121646],{"id":121645},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[553,121648,121650],{"id":121649},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[51,121652,121654],{"className":53,"code":121653,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121655,121656,121664,121678,121682,121692],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,121657,121658,121660,121662],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,121659,2182],{"class":66},[60,121661,71],{"class":70},[60,121663,2548],{"class":78},[60,121665,121666,121668,121670,121672,121674,121676],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,121667,34621],{"class":66},[60,121669,71],{"class":70},[60,121671,48835],{"class":1656},[60,121673,122],{"class":74},[60,121675,2204],{"class":118},[60,121677,128],{"class":74},[60,121679,121680],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,121681,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,121683,121684,121686,121688,121690],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,121685,135],{"class":134},[60,121687,122],{"class":74},[60,121689,34642],{"class":118},[60,121691,128],{"class":74},[60,121693,121694,121696,121698,121700,121702,121704],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,121695,135],{"class":134},[60,121697,122],{"class":74},[60,121699,1657],{"class":1656},[60,121701,122],{"class":74},[60,121703,34642],{"class":118},[60,121705,315],{"class":74},[20,121707,121708],{},[3698,121709,318],{},[51,121711,121713],{"className":53,"code":121712,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121714,121715,121719],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,121716,121717],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,121718,2340],{"class":78},[60,121720,121721,121723,121725,121727,121729,121731],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,121722,3250],{"class":70},[60,121724,3253],{"class":2033},[60,121726,3256],{"class":255},[60,121728,3405],{"class":259},[60,121730,3261],{"class":255},[60,121732,3264],{"class":70},[553,121734,121736],{"id":121735},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[51,121738,121740],{"className":53,"code":121739,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121741,121742,121751,121765,121769,121779],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,121743,121744,121746,121748],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,121745,40321],{"class":66},[60,121747,71],{"class":70},[60,121749,121750],{"class":78}," 3.14\n",[60,121752,121753,121755,121757,121759,121761,121763],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,121754,34621],{"class":66},[60,121756,71],{"class":70},[60,121758,48835],{"class":1656},[60,121760,122],{"class":74},[60,121762,25082],{"class":118},[60,121764,128],{"class":74},[60,121766,121767],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,121768,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,121770,121771,121773,121775,121777],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,121772,135],{"class":134},[60,121774,122],{"class":74},[60,121776,34642],{"class":118},[60,121778,128],{"class":74},[60,121780,121781,121783,121785,121787,121789,121791],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,121782,135],{"class":134},[60,121784,122],{"class":74},[60,121786,1657],{"class":1656},[60,121788,122],{"class":74},[60,121790,34642],{"class":118},[60,121792,315],{"class":74},[20,121794,121795],{},[3698,121796,318],{},[51,121798,121800],{"className":53,"code":121799,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121801,121802,121806],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,121803,121804],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,121805,40111],{"class":78},[60,121807,121808,121810,121812,121814,121816,121818],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,121809,3250],{"class":70},[60,121811,3253],{"class":2033},[60,121813,3256],{"class":255},[60,121815,3405],{"class":259},[60,121817,3261],{"class":255},[60,121819,3264],{"class":70},[553,121821,121823],{"id":121822},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[51,121825,121827],{"className":53,"code":121826,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121828,121829,121837,121851,121855,121865],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,121830,121831,121833,121835],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,121832,1690],{"class":66},[60,121834,71],{"class":70},[60,121836,6364],{"class":685},[60,121838,121839,121841,121843,121845,121847,121849],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,121840,34621],{"class":66},[60,121842,71],{"class":70},[60,121844,48835],{"class":1656},[60,121846,122],{"class":74},[60,121848,221],{"class":118},[60,121850,128],{"class":74},[60,121852,121853],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,121854,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,121856,121857,121859,121861,121863],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,121858,135],{"class":134},[60,121860,122],{"class":74},[60,121862,34642],{"class":118},[60,121864,128],{"class":74},[60,121866,121867,121869,121871,121873,121875,121877],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,121868,135],{"class":134},[60,121870,122],{"class":74},[60,121872,1657],{"class":1656},[60,121874,122],{"class":74},[60,121876,34642],{"class":118},[60,121878,315],{"class":74},[20,121880,121881],{},[3698,121882,318],{},[51,121884,121886],{"className":53,"code":121885,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121887,121888,121892],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,121889,121890],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,121891,3933],{"class":685},[60,121893,121894,121896,121898,121900,121902,121904],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,121895,3250],{"class":70},[60,121897,3253],{"class":2033},[60,121899,3256],{"class":255},[60,121901,3405],{"class":259},[60,121903,3261],{"class":255},[60,121905,3264],{"class":70},[553,121907,121909],{"id":121908},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[51,121911,121913],{"className":53,"code":121912,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121914,121915,121935,121949,121953,121963],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,121916,121917,121919,121921,121923,121925,121927,121929,121931,121933],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,121918,777],{"class":66},[60,121920,71],{"class":70},[60,121922,75],{"class":74},[60,121924,79],{"class":78},[60,121926,82],{"class":74},[60,121928,85],{"class":78},[60,121930,82],{"class":74},[60,121932,94],{"class":78},[60,121934,101],{"class":74},[60,121936,121937,121939,121941,121943,121945,121947],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,121938,34621],{"class":66},[60,121940,71],{"class":70},[60,121942,48835],{"class":1656},[60,121944,122],{"class":74},[60,121946,828],{"class":118},[60,121948,128],{"class":74},[60,121950,121951],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,121952,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,121954,121955,121957,121959,121961],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,121956,135],{"class":134},[60,121958,122],{"class":74},[60,121960,34642],{"class":118},[60,121962,128],{"class":74},[60,121964,121965,121967,121969,121971,121973,121975],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,121966,135],{"class":134},[60,121968,122],{"class":74},[60,121970,1657],{"class":1656},[60,121972,122],{"class":74},[60,121974,34642],{"class":118},[60,121976,315],{"class":74},[20,121978,121979],{},[3698,121980,318],{},[51,121982,121984],{"className":53,"code":121983,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121985,121986,122002],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,121987,121988,121990,121992,121994,121996,121998,122000],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,121989,3854],{"class":74},[60,121991,79],{"class":78},[60,121993,82],{"class":74},[60,121995,85],{"class":78},[60,121997,82],{"class":74},[60,121999,94],{"class":78},[60,122001,101],{"class":74},[60,122003,122004,122006,122008,122010,122012,122014],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,122005,3250],{"class":70},[60,122007,3253],{"class":2033},[60,122009,3256],{"class":255},[60,122011,3405],{"class":259},[60,122013,3261],{"class":255},[60,122015,3264],{"class":70},[20,122017,122018,122019,122021],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[3698,122020,4581],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[46,122023,1221,122025],{"id":122024},"when-to-use-str",[15,122026,47614],{},[20,122028,150,122029,122031],{},[15,122030,47614],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,122033,36360],{},[30,122035,122036,122039,122042,122045],{},[33,122037,122038],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[33,122040,122041],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[33,122043,122044],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[33,122046,122047],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,122049,238],{},[51,122051,122053],{"className":53,"code":122052,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,122054,122055,122067,122075,122079,122114],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,122056,122057,122059,122061,122063,122065],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,122058,7816],{"class":66},[60,122060,71],{"class":70},[60,122062,267],{"class":255},[60,122064,11445],{"class":259},[60,122066,3320],{"class":255},[60,122068,122069,122071,122073],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,122070,21561],{"class":66},[60,122072,71],{"class":70},[60,122074,45157],{"class":78},[60,122076,122077],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,122078,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,122080,122081,122083,122085,122087,122089,122091,122093,122095,122097,122099,122101,122103,122105,122107,122109,122112],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,122082,89767],{"class":66},[60,122084,71],{"class":70},[60,122086,35904],{"class":66},[60,122088,2028],{"class":70},[60,122090,267],{"class":255},[60,122092,4733],{"class":259},[60,122094,256],{"class":255},[60,122096,2417],{"class":70},[60,122098,48835],{"class":1656},[60,122100,122],{"class":74},[60,122102,9234],{"class":118},[60,122104,143],{"class":74},[60,122106,2417],{"class":70},[60,122108,267],{"class":255},[60,122110,122111],{"class":259}," years old.",[60,122113,3320],{"class":255},[60,122115,122116,122118,122120,122122],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,122117,135],{"class":134},[60,122119,122],{"class":74},[60,122121,89784],{"class":118},[60,122123,128],{"class":74},[20,122125,122126],{},[3698,122127,318],{},[51,122129,122131],{"className":53,"code":122130,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,122132,122133],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,122134,122135,122138,122140,122142,122145],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,122136,122137],{"class":66},"Maya ",[60,122139,12130],{"class":70},[60,122141,9241],{"class":78},[60,122143,122144],{"class":66}," years old",[60,122146,122147],{"class":74},".\n",[20,122149,122150,122151,115],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[260,122152,89453],{"href":89452},[46,122154,122156,10521,122158],{"id":122155},"str-vs-print",[15,122157,47614],{},[15,122159,46384],{},[20,122161,122162],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[30,122164,122165,122170],{},[33,122166,122167,122169],{},[15,122168,47614],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[33,122171,122172,122174],{},[15,122173,46384],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,122176,238],{},[51,122178,122180],{"className":53,"code":122179,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,122181,122182,122190,122194,122208,122218,122232],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,122183,122184,122186,122188],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,122185,1690],{"class":66},[60,122187,71],{"class":70},[60,122189,2730],{"class":78},[60,122191,122192],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,122193,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,122195,122196,122198,122200,122202,122204,122206],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,122197,34621],{"class":66},[60,122199,71],{"class":70},[60,122201,48835],{"class":1656},[60,122203,122],{"class":74},[60,122205,221],{"class":118},[60,122207,128],{"class":74},[60,122209,122210,122212,122214,122216],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,122211,135],{"class":134},[60,122213,122],{"class":74},[60,122215,34642],{"class":118},[60,122217,128],{"class":74},[60,122219,122220,122222,122224,122226,122228,122230],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,122221,135],{"class":134},[60,122223,122],{"class":74},[60,122225,1657],{"class":1656},[60,122227,122],{"class":74},[60,122229,34642],{"class":118},[60,122231,315],{"class":74},[60,122233,122234,122236,122238,122240,122242,122244],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,122235,135],{"class":134},[60,122237,122],{"class":74},[60,122239,1657],{"class":1656},[60,122241,122],{"class":74},[60,122243,221],{"class":118},[60,122245,315],{"class":74},[20,122247,122248],{},[3698,122249,318],{},[51,122251,122253],{"className":53,"code":122252,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,122254,122255,122259,122273],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,122256,122257],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,122258,46544],{"class":78},[60,122260,122261,122263,122265,122267,122269,122271],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,122262,3250],{"class":70},[60,122264,3253],{"class":2033},[60,122266,3256],{"class":255},[60,122268,3405],{"class":259},[60,122270,3261],{"class":255},[60,122272,3264],{"class":70},[60,122274,122275,122277,122279,122281,122283,122285],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,122276,3250],{"class":70},[60,122278,3253],{"class":2033},[60,122280,3256],{"class":255},[60,122282,345],{"class":259},[60,122284,3261],{"class":255},[60,122286,3264],{"class":70},[20,122288,122289],{},"Notice:",[30,122291,122292,122298,122303],{},[33,122293,122294,122297],{},[15,122295,122296],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[33,122299,122300,122302],{},[15,122301,46384],{}," only displayed values",[33,122304,122305,122307,122308,122310,122311,61060,122313],{},[15,122306,46384],{}," did not change ",[15,122309,221],{}," from ",[15,122312,345],{},[15,122314,3405],{},[20,122316,122317,122318,115],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[260,122319,122320,2267],{"href":46381},[15,122321,46384],{},[46,122323,122325,10521,122327,122330],{"id":122324},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,122326,47614],{},[15,122328,122329],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,122332,122333],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[30,122335,122336,122341],{},[33,122337,122338,122340],{},[15,122339,47614],{}," is the more readable text version",[33,122342,122343,122345],{},[15,122344,122329],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,122347,122348,122349,122351],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,122350,47614],{}," much more often.",[20,122353,122354,122355,122357],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,122356,47614],{}," is usually the right choice.",[46,122359,4468],{"id":4467},[553,122361,25707,122363,122365],{"id":122362},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,122364,47614],{}," changes the original variable",[20,122367,122368,122370],{},[15,122369,47614],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[51,122372,122374],{"className":53,"code":122373,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122375,122376,122384,122398,122402,122412,122426,122436],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,122377,122378,122380,122382],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,122379,21561],{"class":66},[60,122381,71],{"class":70},[60,122383,45157],{"class":78},[60,122385,122386,122388,122390,122392,122394,122396],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,122387,34621],{"class":66},[60,122389,71],{"class":70},[60,122391,48835],{"class":1656},[60,122393,122],{"class":74},[60,122395,9234],{"class":118},[60,122397,128],{"class":74},[60,122399,122400],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,122401,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,122403,122404,122406,122408,122410],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,122405,135],{"class":134},[60,122407,122],{"class":74},[60,122409,9234],{"class":118},[60,122411,128],{"class":74},[60,122413,122414,122416,122418,122420,122422,122424],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,122415,135],{"class":134},[60,122417,122],{"class":74},[60,122419,1657],{"class":1656},[60,122421,122],{"class":74},[60,122423,9234],{"class":118},[60,122425,315],{"class":74},[60,122427,122428,122430,122432,122434],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,122429,135],{"class":134},[60,122431,122],{"class":74},[60,122433,34642],{"class":118},[60,122435,128],{"class":74},[60,122437,122438,122440,122442,122444,122446,122448],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,122439,135],{"class":134},[60,122441,122],{"class":74},[60,122443,1657],{"class":1656},[60,122445,122],{"class":74},[60,122447,34642],{"class":118},[60,122449,315],{"class":74},[20,122451,122452],{},[3698,122453,318],{},[51,122455,122457],{"className":53,"code":122456,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122458,122459,122463,122477,122481],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,122460,122461],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,122462,2670],{"class":78},[60,122464,122465,122467,122469,122471,122473,122475],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,122466,3250],{"class":70},[60,122468,3253],{"class":2033},[60,122470,3256],{"class":255},[60,122472,345],{"class":259},[60,122474,3261],{"class":255},[60,122476,3264],{"class":70},[60,122478,122479],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,122480,2670],{"class":78},[60,122482,122483,122485,122487,122489,122491,122493],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,122484,3250],{"class":70},[60,122486,3253],{"class":2033},[60,122488,3256],{"class":255},[60,122490,3405],{"class":259},[60,122492,3261],{"class":255},[60,122494,3264],{"class":70},[553,122496,122498],{"id":122497},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,122500,6630],{},[51,122502,122504],{"className":53,"code":122503,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,122505,122506,122514],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,122507,122508,122510,122512],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,122509,21561],{"class":66},[60,122511,71],{"class":70},[60,122513,45157],{"class":78},[60,122515,122516,122518,122520,122522,122524,122526],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,122517,34621],{"class":66},[60,122519,71],{"class":70},[60,122521,48835],{"class":1656},[60,122523,122],{"class":74},[60,122525,9234],{"class":118},[60,122527,128],{"class":74},[20,122529,122530],{},"But if you only do this:",[51,122532,122534],{"className":53,"code":122533,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,122535,122536,122544],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,122537,122538,122540,122542],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,122539,21561],{"class":66},[60,122541,71],{"class":70},[60,122543,45157],{"class":78},[60,122545,122546,122548,122550,122552],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,122547,3405],{"class":1656},[60,122549,122],{"class":74},[60,122551,9234],{"class":118},[60,122553,128],{"class":74},[20,122555,122556],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[553,122558,8356,122560,122562],{"id":122559},"using-str-too-early",[15,122561,47614],{}," too early",[20,122564,122565],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[51,122567,122569],{"className":53,"code":122568,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,122570,122571,122579,122594,122598],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,122572,122573,122575,122577],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,122574,40321],{"class":66},[60,122576,71],{"class":70},[60,122578,2548],{"class":78},[60,122580,122581,122584,122586,122588,122590,122592],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,122582,122583],{"class":66},"text_price ",[60,122585,71],{"class":70},[60,122587,48835],{"class":1656},[60,122589,122],{"class":74},[60,122591,25082],{"class":118},[60,122593,128],{"class":74},[60,122595,122596],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,122597,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,122599,122600],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,122601,122602],{"class":146},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,122604,122605,122606,1460,122610,122614],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[260,122607,122608],{"href":2835},[15,122609,2838],{},[260,122611,122612],{"href":2841},[15,122613,2844],{},", depending on the situation.",[553,122616,1454,122618,122621],{"id":122617},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,122619,122620],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,122623,64403],{},[51,122625,122627],{"className":53,"code":122626,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,122628,122629,122661],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,122630,122631,122633,122635,122637,122639,122641,122643,122645,122647,122649,122651,122653,122655,122657,122659],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,122632,777],{"class":66},[60,122634,71],{"class":70},[60,122636,75],{"class":74},[60,122638,256],{"class":255},[60,122640,575],{"class":259},[60,122642,256],{"class":255},[60,122644,82],{"class":74},[60,122646,267],{"class":255},[60,122648,1392],{"class":259},[60,122650,256],{"class":255},[60,122652,82],{"class":74},[60,122654,267],{"class":255},[60,122656,33154],{"class":259},[60,122658,256],{"class":255},[60,122660,101],{"class":74},[60,122662,122663,122665,122667,122669,122671,122673],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,122664,135],{"class":134},[60,122666,122],{"class":74},[60,122668,3405],{"class":1656},[60,122670,122],{"class":74},[60,122672,828],{"class":118},[60,122674,315],{"class":74},[20,122676,122677],{},"prints:",[51,122679,122680],{"className":53,"code":72596,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,122681,122682],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,122683,122684,122686,122688,122690,122692,122694,122696,122698,122700,122702,122704,122706,122708],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,122685,3854],{"class":74},[60,122687,3261],{"class":255},[60,122689,575],{"class":259},[60,122691,3261],{"class":255},[60,122693,82],{"class":74},[60,122695,3256],{"class":255},[60,122697,1392],{"class":259},[60,122699,3261],{"class":255},[60,122701,82],{"class":74},[60,122703,3256],{"class":255},[60,122705,33154],{"class":259},[60,122707,3261],{"class":255},[60,122709,101],{"class":74},[20,122711,122712],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[46,122714,17354],{"id":17353},[20,122716,122717,21908,122719,115],{},[15,122718,47614],{},[3698,122720,122721],{},"new string",[20,122723,11394],{},[30,122725,122726,122729,122732],{},[33,122727,122728],{},"It always returns a string",[33,122730,122731],{},"It does not modify the original object",[33,122733,7705,122734,122738],{},[260,122735,122736],{"href":2263},[15,122737,2266],{}," to confirm the result",[20,122740,238],{},[51,122742,122744],{"className":53,"code":122743,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122745,122746,122754,122769,122773,122784],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,122747,122748,122750,122752],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,122749,1690],{"class":66},[60,122751,71],{"class":70},[60,122753,14066],{"class":78},[60,122755,122756,122759,122761,122763,122765,122767],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,122757,122758],{"class":66},"converted ",[60,122760,71],{"class":70},[60,122762,48835],{"class":1656},[60,122764,122],{"class":74},[60,122766,221],{"class":118},[60,122768,128],{"class":74},[60,122770,122771],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,122772,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,122774,122775,122777,122779,122782],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,122776,135],{"class":134},[60,122778,122],{"class":74},[60,122780,122781],{"class":118},"converted",[60,122783,128],{"class":74},[60,122785,122786,122788,122790,122792,122794,122796],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,122787,135],{"class":134},[60,122789,122],{"class":74},[60,122791,1657],{"class":1656},[60,122793,122],{"class":74},[60,122795,122781],{"class":118},[60,122797,315],{"class":74},[20,122799,122800],{},[3698,122801,318],{},[51,122803,122805],{"className":53,"code":122804,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122806,122807,122812],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,122808,122809],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,122810,122811],{"class":78},"99\n",[60,122813,122814,122816,122818,122820,122822,122824],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,122815,3250],{"class":70},[60,122817,3253],{"class":2033},[60,122819,3256],{"class":255},[60,122821,3405],{"class":259},[60,122823,3261],{"class":255},[60,122825,3264],{"class":70},[46,122827,113487],{"id":113486},[20,122829,122830,122831,74575],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,122832,47614],{},[30,122834,122835,122838,122841,122846],{},[33,122836,122837],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[33,122839,122840],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[33,122842,8356,122843,122845],{},[15,122844,47614],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[33,122847,122848],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,122850,122851,122852,115],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[260,122853,25612,122854],{"href":90165},[15,122855,90166],{},[46,122857,122859],{"id":122858},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,122861,122862],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[51,122864,122866],{"className":53,"code":122865,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122867,122868,122876,122880,122890,122904,122908,122922,122932],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,122869,122870,122872,122874],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,122871,1690],{"class":66},[60,122873,71],{"class":70},[60,122875,45157],{"class":78},[60,122877,122878],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,122879,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,122881,122882,122884,122886,122888],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,122883,135],{"class":134},[60,122885,122],{"class":74},[60,122887,221],{"class":118},[60,122889,128],{"class":74},[60,122891,122892,122894,122896,122898,122900,122902],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,122893,135],{"class":134},[60,122895,122],{"class":74},[60,122897,1657],{"class":1656},[60,122899,122],{"class":74},[60,122901,221],{"class":118},[60,122903,315],{"class":74},[60,122905,122906],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,122907,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,122909,122910,122912,122914,122916,122918,122920],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,122911,122758],{"class":66},[60,122913,71],{"class":70},[60,122915,48835],{"class":1656},[60,122917,122],{"class":74},[60,122919,221],{"class":118},[60,122921,128],{"class":74},[60,122923,122924,122926,122928,122930],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,122925,135],{"class":134},[60,122927,122],{"class":74},[60,122929,122781],{"class":118},[60,122931,128],{"class":74},[60,122933,122934,122936,122938,122940,122942,122944],{"class":62,"line":6367},[60,122935,135],{"class":134},[60,122937,122],{"class":74},[60,122939,1657],{"class":1656},[60,122941,122],{"class":74},[60,122943,122781],{"class":118},[60,122945,315],{"class":74},[20,122947,122948,122949,2154,122951,122953,122954,115],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,122950,345],{},[15,122952,2157],{},", or another type into ",[15,122955,3405],{},[46,122957,1773],{"id":1772},[553,122959,5090,122961,5093],{"id":122960},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,122962,47614],{},[20,122964,122965],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[553,122967,1777,122969,122971],{"id":122968},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,122970,47614],{}," change the original variable?",[20,122973,122974],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[553,122976,1796,122978,122980],{"id":122977},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,122979,47614],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,122982,122983],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[553,122985,94351,122987,122989],{"id":122986},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,122988,47614],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,122991,122992],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[553,122994,1806,122996,57127,122998,1435],{"id":122995},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,122997,47614],{},[15,122999,46384],{},[20,123001,46297,123002,123004,123005,123007],{},[15,123003,47614],{}," converts to text. ",[15,123006,46384],{}," shows output.",[46,123009,1842],{"id":1841},[30,123011,123012,123018,123024,123030,123036,123045,123049],{},[33,123013,123014],{},[260,123015,123016,3471],{"href":46381},[15,123017,46384],{},[33,123019,123020],{},[260,123021,123022,3471],{"href":2263},[15,123023,2266],{},[33,123025,123026],{},[260,123027,123028,3471],{"href":2835},[15,123029,2838],{},[33,123031,123032],{},[260,123033,123034,3471],{"href":2841},[15,123035,2844],{},[33,123037,123038],{},[260,123039,123041,123042,123044],{"href":123040},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,123043,345],{}," to string in Python",[33,123046,123047],{},[260,123048,90443],{"href":89452},[33,123050,123051],{},[260,123052,30279,123053],{"href":90165},[15,123054,90166],{},[1885,123056,123057],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":123059},[123060,123061,123063,123064,123070,123072,123074,123076,123085,123086,123087,123088,123100],{"id":1971,"depth":104,"text":1972},{"id":121478,"depth":104,"text":123062},"What str() does",{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199},{"id":121645,"depth":104,"text":121646,"children":123065},[123066,123067,123068,123069],{"id":121649,"depth":131,"text":121650},{"id":121735,"depth":131,"text":121736},{"id":121822,"depth":131,"text":121823},{"id":121908,"depth":131,"text":121909},{"id":122024,"depth":104,"text":123071},"When to use str()",{"id":122155,"depth":104,"text":123073},"str() vs print()",{"id":122324,"depth":104,"text":123075},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":4467,"depth":104,"text":4468,"children":123077},[123078,123080,123081,123083],{"id":122362,"depth":131,"text":123079},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122497,"depth":131,"text":122498},{"id":122559,"depth":131,"text":123082},"Using str() too early",{"id":122617,"depth":131,"text":123084},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":17353,"depth":104,"text":17354},{"id":113486,"depth":104,"text":113487},{"id":122858,"depth":104,"text":122859},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":123089},[123090,123092,123094,123096,123098],{"id":122960,"depth":131,"text":123091},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":122968,"depth":131,"text":123093},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":122977,"depth":131,"text":123095},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":122986,"depth":131,"text":123097},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":122995,"depth":131,"text":123099},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":42108,"description":123101},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123108,"title":123109,"body":123110,"description":124563,"extension":1930,"meta":124564,"navigation":421,"path":124565,"seo":124566,"stem":124567,"__hash__":124568},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123111,"toc":124525},[123112,123118,123124,123127,123149,123151,123213,123215,123228,123234,123239,123244,123246,123259,123270,123272,123299,123301,123318,123325,123336,123338,123343,123345,123357,123365,123374,123376,123379,123432,123434,123442,123450,123454,123459,123499,123501,123509,123512,123514,123554,123556,123564,123574,123580,123583,123656,123658,123671,123675,123680,123708,123711,123746,123748,123756,123759,123763,123767,123769,123785,123787,123827,123829,123837,123846,123889,123891,123899,123901,123905,123911,123914,123954,123956,123964,123969,123972,124015,124019,124022,124057,124062,124064,124103,124113,124121,124131,124139,124143,124148,124150,124191,124193,124201,124206,124209,124212,124230,124236,124240,124245,124248,124288,124290,124295,124394,124397,124413,124415,124434,124436,124443,124446,124452,124455,124461,124465,124471,124474,124480,124483,124485,124522],[10,123113,123115,123116,18],{"id":123114},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[15,123117,17],{},[20,123119,123120,123121,123123],{},"The Python string ",[15,123122,17],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,123125,123126],{},"This reference page explains:",[30,123128,123129,123133,123136,123138,123146],{},[33,123130,25952,123131,161],{},[15,123132,17],{},[33,123134,123135],{},"its syntax",[33,123137,35329],{},[33,123139,123140,123141,544,123143,123145],{},"how ",[15,123142,36008],{},[15,123144,52587],{}," work",[33,123147,123148],{},"common beginner mistakes",[46,123150,1972],{"id":1971},[51,123152,123154],{"className":53,"code":123153,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123155,123156,123168,123190],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123157,123158,123160,123162,123164,123166],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123159,34621],{"class":66},[60,123161,71],{"class":70},[60,123163,267],{"class":255},[60,123165,1392],{"class":259},[60,123167,3320],{"class":255},[60,123169,123170,123172,123174,123176,123178,123180,123182,123184,123186,123188],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,123171,135],{"class":134},[60,123173,122],{"class":74},[60,123175,34642],{"class":118},[60,123177,115],{"class":74},[60,123179,119],{"class":118},[60,123181,122],{"class":74},[60,123183,256],{"class":255},[60,123185,260],{"class":259},[60,123187,256],{"class":255},[60,123189,315],{"class":74},[60,123191,123192,123194,123196,123198,123200,123202,123204,123206,123209,123211],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,123193,135],{"class":134},[60,123195,122],{"class":74},[60,123197,34642],{"class":118},[60,123199,115],{"class":74},[60,123201,119],{"class":118},[60,123203,122],{"class":74},[60,123205,256],{"class":255},[60,123207,123208],{"class":259},"na",[60,123210,256],{"class":255},[60,123212,315],{"class":74},[20,123214,318],{},[51,123216,123218],{"className":53,"code":123217,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"3\n2\n",[15,123219,123220,123224],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123221,123222],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123223,931],{"class":78},[60,123225,123226],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,123227,321],{"class":78},[20,123229,150,123230,123233],{},[15,123231,123232],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[46,123235,12933,123237,12936],{"id":123236},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,123238,17],{},[20,123240,123241,123243],{},[15,123242,17],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,123245,12989],{},[30,123247,123248,123251,123254,123256],{},[33,123249,123250],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[33,123252,123253],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[33,123255,43589],{},[33,123257,123258],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,123260,123261,123262,123264,123265,2154,123267,123269],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,123263,18029],{}," characters are in ",[15,123266,65034],{},[15,123268,17],{}," is a simple choice.",[46,123271,199],{"id":198},[51,123273,123275],{"className":53,"code":123274,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,123276,123277],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123278,123279,123281,123283,123285,123287,123289,123291,123293,123295,123297],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123280,60933],{"class":66},[60,123282,115],{"class":74},[60,123284,119],{"class":118},[60,123286,122],{"class":74},[60,123288,221],{"class":118},[60,123290,82],{"class":74},[60,123292,35987],{"class":118},[60,123294,82],{"class":74},[60,123296,64800],{"class":118},[60,123298,128],{"class":74},[553,123300,17330],{"id":17329},[30,123302,123303,123308,123313],{},[33,123304,123305,123307],{},[15,123306,221],{},": the text to search for",[33,123309,123310,123312],{},[15,123311,36008],{},": optional; where counting begins",[33,123314,123315,123317],{},[15,123316,52587],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,123319,123320,544,123322,123324],{},[15,123321,36008],{},[15,123323,52587],{}," work like slice positions:",[30,123326,123327,123332],{},[33,123328,123329,123331],{},[15,123330,36008],{}," is included",[33,123333,123334,75501],{},[15,123335,52587],{},[46,123337,17354],{"id":17353},[20,123339,123340,123342],{},[15,123341,17],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,123344,2093],{},[30,123346,123347,123352],{},[33,123348,123349,123350],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,123351,189],{},[33,123353,123354,123355],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,123356,195],{},[20,123358,40840,123359,5108,123361,1460,123363,115],{},[3698,123360,4581],{},[15,123362,547],{},[15,123364,1463],{},[20,123366,123367,123368,123373],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[260,123369,123371,101361],{"href":123370},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,123372,511],{}," is often a better fit.",[46,123375,11411],{"id":11410},[20,123377,123378],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[51,123380,123382],{"className":53,"code":123381,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,123383,123384,123396,123418,123422],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123385,123386,123388,123390,123392,123394],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123387,34621],{"class":66},[60,123389,71],{"class":70},[60,123391,267],{"class":255},[60,123393,575],{"class":259},[60,123395,3320],{"class":255},[60,123397,123398,123400,123402,123404,123406,123408,123410,123412,123414,123416],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,123399,107],{"class":66},[60,123401,71],{"class":70},[60,123403,42773],{"class":66},[60,123405,115],{"class":74},[60,123407,119],{"class":118},[60,123409,122],{"class":74},[60,123411,256],{"class":255},[60,123413,20],{"class":259},[60,123415,256],{"class":255},[60,123417,128],{"class":74},[60,123419,123420],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,123421,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,123423,123424,123426,123428,123430],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,123425,135],{"class":134},[60,123427,122],{"class":74},[60,123429,140],{"class":118},[60,123431,128],{"class":74},[20,123433,318],{},[51,123435,123436],{"className":53,"code":321,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,123437,123438],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123439,123440],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123441,321],{"class":78},[20,123443,63579,123444,123447,123448,115],{},[15,123445,123446],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,123449,652],{},[46,123451,123453],{"id":123452},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,123455,123456,123458],{},[15,123457,17],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[51,123460,123462],{"className":53,"code":123461,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,123463,123464,123477],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123465,123466,123468,123470,123472,123475],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123467,34621],{"class":66},[60,123469,71],{"class":70},[60,123471,267],{"class":255},[60,123473,123474],{"class":259},"cat dog cat bird cat",[60,123476,3320],{"class":255},[60,123478,123479,123481,123483,123485,123487,123489,123491,123493,123495,123497],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,123480,135],{"class":134},[60,123482,122],{"class":74},[60,123484,34642],{"class":118},[60,123486,115],{"class":74},[60,123488,119],{"class":118},[60,123490,122],{"class":74},[60,123492,256],{"class":255},[60,123494,959],{"class":259},[60,123496,256],{"class":255},[60,123498,315],{"class":74},[20,123500,318],{},[51,123502,123503],{"className":53,"code":931,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,123504,123505],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123506,123507],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123508,931],{"class":78},[20,123510,123511],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,123513,238],{},[51,123515,123517],{"className":53,"code":123516,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,123518,123519,123532],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123520,123521,123523,123525,123527,123530],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123522,34621],{"class":66},[60,123524,71],{"class":70},[60,123526,267],{"class":255},[60,123528,123529],{"class":259},"one One one",[60,123531,3320],{"class":255},[60,123533,123534,123536,123538,123540,123542,123544,123546,123548,123550,123552],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,123535,135],{"class":134},[60,123537,122],{"class":74},[60,123539,34642],{"class":118},[60,123541,115],{"class":74},[60,123543,119],{"class":118},[60,123545,122],{"class":74},[60,123547,256],{"class":255},[60,123549,6527],{"class":259},[60,123551,256],{"class":255},[60,123553,315],{"class":74},[20,123555,318],{},[51,123557,123558],{"className":53,"code":321,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,123559,123560],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123561,123562],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123563,321],{"class":78},[20,123565,123566,123567,123570,123571,123573],{},"The uppercase ",[15,123568,123569],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,123572,17],{}," is case-sensitive.",[46,123575,8356,123576,544,123578],{"id":65166},[15,123577,36008],{},[15,123579,52587],{},[20,123581,123582],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[51,123584,123586],{"className":53,"code":123585,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,123587,123588,123600,123626],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123589,123590,123592,123594,123596,123598],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123591,34621],{"class":66},[60,123593,71],{"class":70},[60,123595,267],{"class":255},[60,123597,1392],{"class":259},[60,123599,3320],{"class":255},[60,123601,123602,123604,123606,123608,123610,123612,123614,123616,123618,123620,123622,123624],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,123603,135],{"class":134},[60,123605,122],{"class":74},[60,123607,34642],{"class":118},[60,123609,115],{"class":74},[60,123611,119],{"class":118},[60,123613,122],{"class":74},[60,123615,256],{"class":255},[60,123617,260],{"class":259},[60,123619,256],{"class":255},[60,123621,82],{"class":74},[60,123623,85],{"class":78},[60,123625,315],{"class":74},[60,123627,123628,123630,123632,123634,123636,123638,123640,123642,123644,123646,123648,123650,123652,123654],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,123629,135],{"class":134},[60,123631,122],{"class":74},[60,123633,34642],{"class":118},[60,123635,115],{"class":74},[60,123637,119],{"class":118},[60,123639,122],{"class":74},[60,123641,256],{"class":255},[60,123643,260],{"class":259},[60,123645,256],{"class":255},[60,123647,82],{"class":74},[60,123649,85],{"class":78},[60,123651,82],{"class":74},[60,123653,4555],{"class":78},[60,123655,315],{"class":74},[20,123657,318],{},[51,123659,123661],{"className":53,"code":123660,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"2\n1\n",[15,123662,123663,123667],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123664,123665],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123666,321],{"class":78},[60,123668,123669],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,123670,46848],{"class":78},[553,123672,123674],{"id":123673},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,123676,123677,123678,166],{},"In ",[15,123679,65034],{},[30,123681,123682,123690,123698],{},[33,123683,70725,123684,123686,123687],{},[15,123685,125],{}," starts at the first ",[15,123688,123689],{},"\"n\"",[33,123691,123692,123695,123696,75799],{},[15,123693,123694],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,123697,125],{},[33,123699,123700,123695,123703,123705,123706],{},[15,123701,123702],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,123704,125],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,123707,1086],{},[20,123709,123710],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[51,123712,123714],{"className":53,"code":123713,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,123715,123716,123728],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123717,123718,123720,123722,123724,123726],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123719,34621],{"class":66},[60,123721,71],{"class":70},[60,123723,267],{"class":255},[60,123725,1392],{"class":259},[60,123727,3320],{"class":255},[60,123729,123730,123732,123734,123736,123738,123740,123742,123744],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,123731,135],{"class":134},[60,123733,122],{"class":74},[60,123735,34642],{"class":118},[60,123737,3854],{"class":74},[60,123739,125],{"class":78},[60,123741,166],{"class":74},[60,123743,1086],{"class":78},[60,123745,1193],{"class":74},[20,123747,318],{},[51,123749,123750],{"className":53,"code":41402,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,123751,123752],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123753,123754],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123755,41402],{"class":66},[20,123757,123758],{},"Only that section is searched.",[46,123760,123762],{"id":123761},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,123764,123765,123573],{},[15,123766,17],{},[20,123768,2075],{},[30,123770,123771,123779],{},[33,123772,123773,544,123775,123778],{},[15,123774,18029],{},[15,123776,123777],{},"\"A\""," are different",[33,123780,123781,544,123783,123778],{},[15,123782,64294],{},[15,123784,90178],{},[20,123786,238],{},[51,123788,123790],{"className":53,"code":123789,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123791,123792,123805],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123793,123794,123796,123798,123800,123803],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123795,34621],{"class":66},[60,123797,71],{"class":70},[60,123799,267],{"class":255},[60,123801,123802],{"class":259},"Apple apple APPLE",[60,123804,3320],{"class":255},[60,123806,123807,123809,123811,123813,123815,123817,123819,123821,123823,123825],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,123808,135],{"class":134},[60,123810,122],{"class":74},[60,123812,34642],{"class":118},[60,123814,115],{"class":74},[60,123816,119],{"class":118},[60,123818,122],{"class":74},[60,123820,256],{"class":255},[60,123822,575],{"class":259},[60,123824,256],{"class":255},[60,123826,315],{"class":74},[20,123828,318],{},[51,123830,123831],{"className":53,"code":46848,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,123832,123833],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123834,123835],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123836,46848],{"class":78},[20,123838,123839,123840,166],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[260,123841,123843],{"href":123842},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,123844,123845],{},"lower()",[51,123847,123849],{"className":53,"code":123848,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123850,123851,123863],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123852,123853,123855,123857,123859,123861],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123854,34621],{"class":66},[60,123856,71],{"class":70},[60,123858,267],{"class":255},[60,123860,123802],{"class":259},[60,123862,3320],{"class":255},[60,123864,123865,123867,123869,123871,123873,123875,123877,123879,123881,123883,123885,123887],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,123866,135],{"class":134},[60,123868,122],{"class":74},[60,123870,34642],{"class":118},[60,123872,115],{"class":74},[60,123874,8576],{"class":118},[60,123876,8573],{"class":74},[60,123878,119],{"class":118},[60,123880,122],{"class":74},[60,123882,256],{"class":255},[60,123884,575],{"class":259},[60,123886,256],{"class":255},[60,123888,315],{"class":74},[20,123890,318],{},[51,123892,123893],{"className":53,"code":931,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,123894,123895],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123896,123897],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123898,931],{"class":78},[46,123900,1351],{"id":1350},[20,123902,23027,123903,115],{},[15,123904,17],{},[553,123906,1454,123908,123910],{"id":123907},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,123909,17],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,123912,123913],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[51,123915,123917],{"className":53,"code":123916,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123918,123919,123932],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123920,123921,123923,123925,123927,123930],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123922,34621],{"class":66},[60,123924,71],{"class":70},[60,123926,267],{"class":255},[60,123928,123929],{"class":259},"Aardvark",[60,123931,3320],{"class":255},[60,123933,123934,123936,123938,123940,123942,123944,123946,123948,123950,123952],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,123935,135],{"class":134},[60,123937,122],{"class":74},[60,123939,34642],{"class":118},[60,123941,115],{"class":74},[60,123943,119],{"class":118},[60,123945,122],{"class":74},[60,123947,256],{"class":255},[60,123949,260],{"class":259},[60,123951,256],{"class":255},[60,123953,315],{"class":74},[20,123955,318],{},[51,123957,123958],{"className":53,"code":321,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,123959,123960],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123961,123962],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123963,321],{"class":78},[20,123965,123566,123966,123968],{},[15,123967,123777],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,123970,123971],{},"If needed, convert first:",[51,123973,123975],{"className":53,"code":123974,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123976,123977,123989],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123978,123979,123981,123983,123985,123987],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123980,34621],{"class":66},[60,123982,71],{"class":70},[60,123984,267],{"class":255},[60,123986,123929],{"class":259},[60,123988,3320],{"class":255},[60,123990,123991,123993,123995,123997,123999,124001,124003,124005,124007,124009,124011,124013],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,123992,135],{"class":134},[60,123994,122],{"class":74},[60,123996,34642],{"class":118},[60,123998,115],{"class":74},[60,124000,8576],{"class":118},[60,124002,8573],{"class":74},[60,124004,119],{"class":118},[60,124006,122],{"class":74},[60,124008,256],{"class":255},[60,124010,260],{"class":259},[60,124012,256],{"class":255},[60,124014,315],{"class":74},[553,124016,124018],{"id":124017},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,124020,124021],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[51,124023,124025],{"className":53,"code":124024,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,124026,124027,124039],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,124028,124029,124031,124033,124035,124037],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,124030,34621],{"class":66},[60,124032,71],{"class":70},[60,124034,267],{"class":255},[60,124036,1392],{"class":259},[60,124038,3320],{"class":255},[60,124040,124041,124043,124045,124047,124049,124051,124053,124055],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,124042,135],{"class":134},[60,124044,122],{"class":74},[60,124046,34642],{"class":118},[60,124048,115],{"class":74},[60,124050,119],{"class":118},[60,124052,122],{"class":74},[60,124054,260],{"class":118},[60,124056,315],{"class":74},[20,124058,124059,124060,115],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,124061,260],{},[20,124063,10743],{},[51,124065,124067],{"className":53,"code":124066,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124068,124069,124081],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,124070,124071,124073,124075,124077,124079],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,124072,34621],{"class":66},[60,124074,71],{"class":70},[60,124076,267],{"class":255},[60,124078,1392],{"class":259},[60,124080,3320],{"class":255},[60,124082,124083,124085,124087,124089,124091,124093,124095,124097,124099,124101],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,124084,135],{"class":134},[60,124086,122],{"class":74},[60,124088,34642],{"class":118},[60,124090,115],{"class":74},[60,124092,119],{"class":118},[60,124094,122],{"class":74},[60,124096,256],{"class":255},[60,124098,260],{"class":259},[60,124100,256],{"class":255},[60,124102,315],{"class":74},[553,124104,37138,124106,8640,124108,1460,124111],{"id":124105},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,124107,17],{},[15,124109,124110],{},"find()",[15,124112,1868],{},[20,124114,150,124115,124117,124118,115],{},[15,124116,17],{}," when you need the ",[3698,124119,124120],{},"number of matches",[20,124122,150,124123,124117,124128,124130],{},[260,124124,124126],{"href":124125},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,124127,124110],{},[3698,124129,64706],{}," of the first match.",[20,124132,150,124133,124138],{},[260,124134,124136],{"href":124135},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,124137,1868],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[553,124140,124142],{"id":124141},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,124144,124145,124147],{},[15,124146,17],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,124149,238],{},[51,124151,124153],{"className":53,"code":124152,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,124154,124155,124168],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,124156,124157,124159,124161,124163,124166],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,124158,34621],{"class":66},[60,124160,71],{"class":70},[60,124162,267],{"class":255},[60,124164,124165],{"class":259},"aaaa",[60,124167,3320],{"class":255},[60,124169,124170,124172,124174,124176,124178,124180,124182,124184,124187,124189],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,124171,135],{"class":134},[60,124173,122],{"class":74},[60,124175,34642],{"class":118},[60,124177,115],{"class":74},[60,124179,119],{"class":118},[60,124181,122],{"class":74},[60,124183,256],{"class":255},[60,124185,124186],{"class":259},"aa",[60,124188,256],{"class":255},[60,124190,315],{"class":74},[20,124192,318],{},[51,124194,124195],{"className":53,"code":321,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,124196,124197],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,124198,124199],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,124200,321],{"class":78},[20,124202,124203,124204,115],{},"It does not return ",[15,124205,189],{},[20,124207,124208],{},"Why not?",[20,124210,124211],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[30,124213,124214,124223],{},[33,124215,124216,124219,124220],{},[15,124217,124218],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,124221,124222],{},"0-1",[33,124224,124225,124219,124227],{},[15,124226,124218],{},[15,124228,124229],{},"2-3",[20,124231,124232,124233,115],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,124234,124235],{},"1-2",[46,124237,1221,124238],{"id":1220},[15,124239,17],{},[20,124241,150,124242,124244],{},[15,124243,17],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,124246,124247],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[30,124249,124250,124259,124269,124279],{},[33,124251,150,124252,124254,124255,124258],{},[15,124253,17],{}," when you need ",[3698,124256,124257],{},"how many times"," something appears",[33,124260,150,124261,124254,124265,124268],{},[260,124262,124263],{"href":124125},[15,124264,124110],{},[3698,124266,124267],{},"where"," it appears",[33,124270,47741,124271,124275,124276],{},[260,124272,124273,101361],{"href":123370},[15,124274,511],{}," when you only need to know ",[3698,124277,124278],{},"if it exists",[33,124280,150,124281,124287],{},[260,124282,124284],{"href":124283},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,124285,124286],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[46,124289,25875],{"id":25874},[20,124291,8810,124292,124294],{},[15,124293,17],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[51,124296,124298],{"className":53,"code":124297,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,124299,124300,124310,124324,124346,124372],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,124301,124302,124304,124306,124308],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,124303,135],{"class":134},[60,124305,122],{"class":74},[60,124307,34642],{"class":118},[60,124309,128],{"class":74},[60,124311,124312,124314,124316,124318,124320,124322],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,124313,135],{"class":134},[60,124315,122],{"class":74},[60,124317,1657],{"class":1656},[60,124319,122],{"class":74},[60,124321,34642],{"class":118},[60,124323,315],{"class":74},[60,124325,124326,124328,124330,124332,124334,124336,124338,124340,124342,124344],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,124327,135],{"class":134},[60,124329,122],{"class":74},[60,124331,34642],{"class":118},[60,124333,115],{"class":74},[60,124335,119],{"class":118},[60,124337,122],{"class":74},[60,124339,256],{"class":255},[60,124341,260],{"class":259},[60,124343,256],{"class":255},[60,124345,315],{"class":74},[60,124347,124348,124350,124352,124354,124356,124358,124360,124362,124364,124366,124368,124370],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,124349,135],{"class":134},[60,124351,122],{"class":74},[60,124353,34642],{"class":118},[60,124355,115],{"class":74},[60,124357,8576],{"class":118},[60,124359,8573],{"class":74},[60,124361,119],{"class":118},[60,124363,122],{"class":74},[60,124365,256],{"class":255},[60,124367,260],{"class":259},[60,124369,256],{"class":255},[60,124371,315],{"class":74},[60,124373,124374,124376,124378,124380,124382,124384,124386,124388,124390,124392],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,124375,135],{"class":134},[60,124377,122],{"class":74},[60,124379,34642],{"class":118},[60,124381,115],{"class":74},[60,124383,119],{"class":118},[60,124385,122],{"class":74},[60,124387,256],{"class":255},[60,124389,123208],{"class":259},[60,124391,256],{"class":255},[60,124393,315],{"class":74},[20,124395,124396],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[30,124398,124399,124402,124407,124410],{},[33,124400,124401],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[33,124403,124404,124406],{},[15,124405,34642],{}," not being a string",[33,124408,124409],{},"counting the wrong substring",[33,124411,124412],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,124414,1747],{},[30,124416,124417,124420,124423,124426],{},[33,124418,124419],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[33,124421,124422],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[33,124424,124425],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[33,124427,1752,124428,44561,124430,1460,124432,73071],{},[15,124429,17],{},[15,124431,124110],{},[15,124433,511],{},[46,124435,1773],{"id":1772},[553,124437,124439,124440,124442],{"id":124438},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,124441,17],{}," change the original string?",[20,124444,124445],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[553,124447,1806,124449,124451],{"id":124448},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,124450,17],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,124453,124454],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[553,124456,5090,124458,124460],{"id":124457},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,124459,17],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,124462,5096,124463,115],{},[15,124464,195],{},[553,124466,1796,124468,124470],{"id":124467},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,124469,17],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,124472,124473],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[553,124475,1777,124477,124479],{"id":124476},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,124478,17],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,124481,124482],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[46,124484,1842],{"id":1841},[30,124486,124487,124494,124501,124508,124515],{},[33,124488,124489],{},[260,124490,124491],{"href":124125},[15,124492,124493],{},"Python string find() method",[33,124495,124496],{},[260,124497,124498],{"href":124135},[15,124499,124500],{},"Python string index() method",[33,124502,124503],{},[260,124504,124505],{"href":123842},[15,124506,124507],{},"Python string lower() method",[33,124509,124510],{},[260,124511,124512],{"href":123370},[15,124513,124514],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[33,124516,124517],{},[260,124518,124519],{"href":124283},[15,124520,124521],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[1885,124523,124524],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":124526},[124527,124528,124530,124533,124534,124535,124536,124539,124540,124548,124549,124550,124562],{"id":1971,"depth":104,"text":1972},{"id":123236,"depth":104,"text":124529},"What the count() method does",{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199,"children":124531},[124532],{"id":17329,"depth":131,"text":17330},{"id":17353,"depth":104,"text":17354},{"id":11410,"depth":104,"text":11411},{"id":123452,"depth":104,"text":123453},{"id":65166,"depth":104,"text":65949,"children":124537},[124538],{"id":123673,"depth":131,"text":123674},{"id":123761,"depth":104,"text":123762},{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351,"children":124541},[124542,124544,124545,124547],{"id":123907,"depth":131,"text":124543},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124017,"depth":131,"text":124018},{"id":124105,"depth":131,"text":124546},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124141,"depth":131,"text":124142},{"id":1220,"depth":104,"text":1908},{"id":25874,"depth":104,"text":25875},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":124551},[124552,124554,124556,124558,124560],{"id":124438,"depth":131,"text":124553},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124448,"depth":131,"text":124555},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124457,"depth":131,"text":124557},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124467,"depth":131,"text":124559},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124476,"depth":131,"text":124561},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123109,"description":124563},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124570,"title":124571,"body":124572,"description":126157,"extension":1930,"meta":126158,"navigation":421,"path":126159,"seo":126160,"stem":126161,"__hash__":126162},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124573,"toc":126130},[124574,124577,124580,124677,124686,124688,124707,124711,124714,124717,124730,124733,124762,124767,124772,124830,124832,124865,124871,124875,124878,124881,124910,124913,124940,124943,124946,124950,124953,124960,125023,125025,125043,125046,125050,125053,125056,125098,125101,125145,125148,125151,125155,125160,125163,125206,125208,125231,125234,125267,125270,125319,125329,125333,125336,125339,125368,125371,125382,125384,125443,125446,125450,125453,125456,125471,125480,125483,125517,125520,125547,125550,125557,125559,125562,125564,125567,125581,125590,125592,125619,125623,125626,125640,125643,125702,125706,125709,125736,125739,125766,125774,125777,125837,125839,125872,125876,125879,125898,125903,125952,125957,125959,125962,126021,126039,126041,126045,126053,126057,126060,126064,126070,126074,126084,126088,126091,126093,126127],[10,124575,124571],{"id":124576},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,124578,124579],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[51,124581,124583],{"className":53,"code":124582,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,124584,124585,124597,124609,124618,124632,124636,124646,124656,124667],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,124586,124587,124589,124591,124593,124595],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,124588,7816],{"class":66},[60,124590,71],{"class":70},[60,124592,267],{"class":255},[60,124594,4952],{"class":259},[60,124596,3320],{"class":255},[60,124598,124599,124601,124603,124605,124607],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,124600,89767],{"class":66},[60,124602,71],{"class":70},[60,124604,3256],{"class":255},[60,124606,34801],{"class":259},[60,124608,29631],{"class":255},[60,124610,124611,124614,124616],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,124612,124613],{"class":66},"empty ",[60,124615,71],{"class":70},[60,124617,7821],{"class":255},[60,124619,124620,124622,124624,124626,124628,124630],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,124621,34621],{"class":66},[60,124623,71],{"class":70},[60,124625,48835],{"class":1656},[60,124627,122],{"class":74},[60,124629,50177],{"class":78},[60,124631,128],{"class":74},[60,124633,124634],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,124635,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,124637,124638,124640,124642,124644],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,124639,135],{"class":134},[60,124641,122],{"class":74},[60,124643,7611],{"class":118},[60,124645,128],{"class":74},[60,124647,124648,124650,124652,124654],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,124649,135],{"class":134},[60,124651,122],{"class":74},[60,124653,89784],{"class":118},[60,124655,128],{"class":74},[60,124657,124658,124660,124662,124665],{"class":62,"line":6367},[60,124659,135],{"class":134},[60,124661,122],{"class":74},[60,124663,124664],{"class":118},"empty",[60,124666,128],{"class":74},[60,124668,124669,124671,124673,124675],{"class":62,"line":6373},[60,124670,135],{"class":134},[60,124672,122],{"class":74},[60,124674,34642],{"class":118},[60,124676,128],{"class":74},[20,124678,124679,124682,124683,124685],{},[3698,124680,124681],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,124684,47614],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[46,124687,15097],{"id":15096},[30,124689,124690,124693,124696,124699,124704],{},[33,124691,124692],{},"What a string is in Python",[33,124694,124695],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[33,124697,124698],{},"How to create an empty string",[33,124700,124701,124702],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,124703,47614],{},[33,124705,124706],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[46,124708,124710],{"id":124709},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,124712,124713],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,124715,124716],{},"Strings can contain:",[30,124718,124719,124722,124724,124727],{},[33,124720,124721],{},"Letters",[33,124723,56383],{},[33,124725,124726],{},"Spaces",[33,124728,124729],{},"Symbols",[20,124731,124732],{},"Examples of strings:",[51,124734,124736],{"className":53,"code":124735,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,124737,124738,124746,124754],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,124739,124740,124742,124744],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,124741,256],{"class":43260},[60,124743,3801],{"class":43264},[60,124745,3320],{"class":43260},[60,124747,124748,124750,124752],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,124749,256],{"class":43260},[60,124751,50177],{"class":43264},[60,124753,3320],{"class":43260},[60,124755,124756,124758,124760],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,124757,256],{"class":43260},[60,124759,88909],{"class":43264},[60,124761,3320],{"class":43260},[20,124763,20911,124764,124766],{},[15,124765,50227],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,124768,124769,124770,166],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,124771,2266],{},[51,124773,124775],{"className":53,"code":124774,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,124776,124777,124789,124798,124802,124816],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,124778,124779,124781,124783,124785,124787],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,124780,34621],{"class":66},[60,124782,71],{"class":70},[60,124784,267],{"class":255},[60,124786,50177],{"class":259},[60,124788,3320],{"class":255},[60,124790,124791,124793,124795],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,124792,2182],{"class":66},[60,124794,71],{"class":70},[60,124796,124797],{"class":78}," 123\n",[60,124799,124800],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,124801,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,124803,124804,124806,124808,124810,124812,124814],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,124805,135],{"class":134},[60,124807,122],{"class":74},[60,124809,1657],{"class":1656},[60,124811,122],{"class":74},[60,124813,34642],{"class":118},[60,124815,315],{"class":74},[60,124817,124818,124820,124822,124824,124826,124828],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,124819,135],{"class":134},[60,124821,122],{"class":74},[60,124823,1657],{"class":1656},[60,124825,122],{"class":74},[60,124827,2204],{"class":118},[60,124829,315],{"class":74},[20,124831,318],{},[51,124833,124835],{"className":53,"code":124834,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,124836,124837,124851],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,124838,124839,124841,124843,124845,124847,124849],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,124840,3250],{"class":70},[60,124842,3253],{"class":2033},[60,124844,3256],{"class":255},[60,124846,3405],{"class":259},[60,124848,3261],{"class":255},[60,124850,3264],{"class":70},[60,124852,124853,124855,124857,124859,124861,124863],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,124854,3250],{"class":70},[60,124856,3253],{"class":2033},[60,124858,3256],{"class":255},[60,124860,345],{"class":259},[60,124862,3261],{"class":255},[60,124864,3264],{"class":70},[20,124866,124867,124868,115],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[260,124869,124870],{"href":50904},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[46,124872,124874],{"id":124873},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,124876,124877],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,124879,124880],{},"You can use single quotes:",[51,124882,124884],{"className":53,"code":124883,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124885,124886,124899],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,124887,124888,124891,124893,124895,124897],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,124889,124890],{"class":66},"greeting ",[60,124892,71],{"class":70},[60,124894,3256],{"class":255},[60,124896,3801],{"class":259},[60,124898,29631],{"class":255},[60,124900,124901,124903,124905,124908],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,124902,135],{"class":134},[60,124904,122],{"class":74},[60,124906,124907],{"class":118},"greeting",[60,124909,128],{"class":74},[20,124911,124912],{},"Or double quotes:",[51,124914,124916],{"className":53,"code":124915,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124917,124918,124930],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,124919,124920,124922,124924,124926,124928],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,124921,124890],{"class":66},[60,124923,71],{"class":70},[60,124925,267],{"class":255},[60,124927,3801],{"class":259},[60,124929,3320],{"class":255},[60,124931,124932,124934,124936,124938],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,124933,135],{"class":134},[60,124935,122],{"class":74},[60,124937,124907],{"class":118},[60,124939,128],{"class":74},[20,124941,124942],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,124944,124945],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[46,124947,124949],{"id":124948},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,124951,124952],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,124954,124955,124956,1460,124958,166],{},"Use either ",[15,124957,6213],{},[15,124959,3729],{},[51,124961,124963],{"className":53,"code":124962,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,124964,124965,124974,124983,124987,124998,125009],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,124966,124967,124970,124972],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,124968,124969],{"class":66},"empty1 ",[60,124971,71],{"class":70},[60,124973,7821],{"class":255},[60,124975,124976,124979,124981],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,124977,124978],{"class":66},"empty2 ",[60,124980,71],{"class":70},[60,124982,47426],{"class":255},[60,124984,124985],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,124986,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,124988,124989,124991,124993,124996],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,124990,135],{"class":134},[60,124992,122],{"class":74},[60,124994,124995],{"class":118},"empty1",[60,124997,128],{"class":74},[60,124999,125000,125002,125004,125007],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,125001,135],{"class":134},[60,125003,122],{"class":74},[60,125005,125006],{"class":118},"empty2",[60,125008,128],{"class":74},[60,125010,125011,125013,125015,125017,125019,125021],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,125012,135],{"class":134},[60,125014,122],{"class":74},[60,125016,1657],{"class":1656},[60,125018,122],{"class":74},[60,125020,124995],{"class":118},[60,125022,315],{"class":74},[20,125024,318],{},[51,125026,125027],{"className":53,"code":45702,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,125028,125029],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125030,125031,125033,125035,125037,125039,125041],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125032,3250],{"class":70},[60,125034,3253],{"class":2033},[60,125036,3256],{"class":255},[60,125038,3405],{"class":259},[60,125040,3261],{"class":255},[60,125042,3264],{"class":70},[20,125044,125045],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[46,125047,125049],{"id":125048},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,125051,125052],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,125054,125055],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[51,125057,125059],{"className":53,"code":125058,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125060,125061,125072,125077,125084,125088],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125062,125063,125065,125067,125070],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125064,89767],{"class":66},[60,125066,71],{"class":70},[60,125068,125069],{"class":255}," \"\"\"",[60,125071,88709],{"class":259},[60,125073,125074],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,125075,125076],{"class":259},"Welcome to Python\n",[60,125078,125079,125082],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,125080,125081],{"class":259},"Have a nice day",[60,125083,43268],{"class":255},[60,125085,125086],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,125087,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,125089,125090,125092,125094,125096],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,125091,135],{"class":134},[60,125093,122],{"class":74},[60,125095,89784],{"class":118},[60,125097,128],{"class":74},[20,125099,125100],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[51,125102,125104],{"className":53,"code":125103,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125105,125106,125118,125123,125131,125135],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125107,125108,125110,125112,125115],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125109,89767],{"class":66},[60,125111,71],{"class":70},[60,125113,125114],{"class":255}," '''",[60,125116,125117],{"class":259},"Line 1\n",[60,125119,125120],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,125121,125122],{"class":259},"Line 2\n",[60,125124,125125,125128],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,125126,125127],{"class":259},"Line 3",[60,125129,125130],{"class":255},"'''\n",[60,125132,125133],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,125134,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,125136,125137,125139,125141,125143],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,125138,135],{"class":134},[60,125140,122],{"class":74},[60,125142,89784],{"class":118},[60,125144,128],{"class":74},[20,125146,125147],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,125149,125150],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[46,125152,125154],{"id":125153},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,125156,1947,125157,125159],{},[15,125158,47614],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,125161,125162],{},"Example with a number:",[51,125164,125166],{"className":53,"code":125165,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,125167,125168,125182,125192],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125169,125170,125172,125174,125176,125178,125180],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125171,34621],{"class":66},[60,125173,71],{"class":70},[60,125175,48835],{"class":1656},[60,125177,122],{"class":74},[60,125179,46458],{"class":78},[60,125181,128],{"class":74},[60,125183,125184,125186,125188,125190],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,125185,135],{"class":134},[60,125187,122],{"class":74},[60,125189,34642],{"class":118},[60,125191,128],{"class":74},[60,125193,125194,125196,125198,125200,125202,125204],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,125195,135],{"class":134},[60,125197,122],{"class":74},[60,125199,1657],{"class":1656},[60,125201,122],{"class":74},[60,125203,34642],{"class":118},[60,125205,315],{"class":74},[20,125207,318],{},[51,125209,125211],{"className":53,"code":125210,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125212,125213,125217],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125214,125215],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125216,46544],{"class":78},[60,125218,125219,125221,125223,125225,125227,125229],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,125220,3250],{"class":70},[60,125222,3253],{"class":2033},[60,125224,3256],{"class":255},[60,125226,3405],{"class":259},[60,125228,3261],{"class":255},[60,125230,3264],{"class":70},[20,125232,125233],{},"You can also convert other values:",[51,125235,125237],{"className":53,"code":125236,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,125238,125239,125253],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125240,125241,125243,125245,125247,125249,125251],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125242,135],{"class":134},[60,125244,122],{"class":74},[60,125246,3405],{"class":1656},[60,125248,122],{"class":74},[60,125250,547],{"class":685},[60,125252,315],{"class":74},[60,125254,125255,125257,125259,125261,125263,125265],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,125256,135],{"class":134},[60,125258,122],{"class":74},[60,125260,3405],{"class":1656},[60,125262,122],{"class":74},[60,125264,40077],{"class":78},[60,125266,315],{"class":74},[20,125268,125269],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[51,125271,125273],{"className":53,"code":125272,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125274,125275,125283,125305,125309],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125276,125277,125279,125281],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125278,21561],{"class":66},[60,125280,71],{"class":70},[60,125282,45157],{"class":78},[60,125284,125285,125287,125289,125291,125293,125295,125297,125299,125301,125303],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,125286,89767],{"class":66},[60,125288,71],{"class":70},[60,125290,267],{"class":255},[60,125292,89185],{"class":259},[60,125294,256],{"class":255},[60,125296,2417],{"class":70},[60,125298,48835],{"class":1656},[60,125300,122],{"class":74},[60,125302,9234],{"class":118},[60,125304,128],{"class":74},[60,125306,125307],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,125308,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,125310,125311,125313,125315,125317],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,125312,135],{"class":134},[60,125314,122],{"class":74},[60,125316,89784],{"class":118},[60,125318,128],{"class":74},[20,125320,125321,125322,1460,125326,115],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[260,125323,1875,125324,3471],{"href":42107},[15,125325,47614],{},[260,125327,125328],{"href":123040},"how to convert int to string in Python",[46,125330,125332],{"id":125331},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,125334,125335],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,125337,125338],{},"Both of these are valid:",[51,125340,125342],{"className":53,"code":125341,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,125343,125344,125356],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125345,125346,125348,125350,125352,125354],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125347,2515],{"class":66},[60,125349,71],{"class":70},[60,125351,3256],{"class":255},[60,125353,7239],{"class":259},[60,125355,29631],{"class":255},[60,125357,125358,125360,125362,125364,125366],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,125359,2543],{"class":66},[60,125361,71],{"class":70},[60,125363,267],{"class":255},[60,125365,7239],{"class":259},[60,125367,3320],{"class":255},[20,125369,125370],{},"A common rule is:",[30,125372,125373,125376,125379],{},[33,125374,125375],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[33,125377,125378],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[33,125380,125381],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,125383,238],{},[51,125385,125387],{"className":53,"code":125386,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125388,125389,125403,125417,125421,125432],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125390,125391,125394,125396,125398,125401],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125392,125393],{"class":66},"text1 ",[60,125395,71],{"class":70},[60,125397,267],{"class":255},[60,125399,125400],{"class":259},"It's working",[60,125402,3320],{"class":255},[60,125404,125405,125408,125410,125412,125415],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,125406,125407],{"class":66},"text2 ",[60,125409,71],{"class":70},[60,125411,3256],{"class":255},[60,125413,125414],{"class":259},"She said \"hello\"",[60,125416,29631],{"class":255},[60,125418,125419],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,125420,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,125422,125423,125425,125427,125430],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,125424,135],{"class":134},[60,125426,122],{"class":74},[60,125428,125429],{"class":118},"text1",[60,125431,128],{"class":74},[60,125433,125434,125436,125438,125441],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,125435,135],{"class":134},[60,125437,122],{"class":74},[60,125439,125440],{"class":118},"text2",[60,125442,128],{"class":74},[20,125444,125445],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[46,125447,125449],{"id":125448},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,125451,125452],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,125454,125455],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[51,125457,125459],{"className":53,"code":125458,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,125460,125461,125466],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125462,125463],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125464,125465],{"class":146},"# This will cause an error\n",[60,125467,125468],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,125469,125470],{"class":146},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,125472,125473,125474,35264,125476,125479],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,125475,3261],{},[15,125477,125478],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,125481,125482],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[51,125484,125486],{"className":53,"code":125485,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,125487,125488,125507],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125489,125490,125492,125494,125496,125499,125502,125505],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125491,34621],{"class":66},[60,125493,71],{"class":70},[60,125495,3256],{"class":255},[60,125497,125498],{"class":259},"It",[60,125500,125501],{"class":34386},"\\'",[60,125503,125504],{"class":259},"s working",[60,125506,29631],{"class":255},[60,125508,125509,125511,125513,125515],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,125510,135],{"class":134},[60,125512,122],{"class":74},[60,125514,34642],{"class":118},[60,125516,128],{"class":74},[20,125518,125519],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[51,125521,125523],{"className":53,"code":125522,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125524,125525,125537],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125526,125527,125529,125531,125533,125535],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125528,34621],{"class":66},[60,125530,71],{"class":70},[60,125532,267],{"class":255},[60,125534,125400],{"class":259},[60,125536,3320],{"class":255},[60,125538,125539,125541,125543,125545],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,125540,135],{"class":134},[60,125542,122],{"class":74},[60,125544,34642],{"class":118},[60,125546,128],{"class":74},[20,125548,125549],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,125551,125552,125553,115],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[260,125554,125556],{"href":125555},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[46,125558,1351],{"id":1350},[20,125560,125561],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[553,125563,89974],{"id":89973},[20,125565,125566],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[51,125568,125570],{"className":53,"code":125569,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,125571,125572,125576],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125573,125574],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125575,125465],{"class":146},[60,125577,125578],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,125579,125580],{"class":146},"# name = Alice\n",[20,125582,125583,125584,8537,125587,125589],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,125585,125586],{},"NameError",[15,125588,4952],{}," is not defined.",[20,125591,10743],{},[51,125593,125595],{"className":53,"code":125594,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,125596,125597,125609],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125598,125599,125601,125603,125605,125607],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125600,7816],{"class":66},[60,125602,71],{"class":70},[60,125604,267],{"class":255},[60,125606,4952],{"class":259},[60,125608,3320],{"class":255},[60,125610,125611,125613,125615,125617],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,125612,135],{"class":134},[60,125614,122],{"class":74},[60,125616,7611],{"class":118},[60,125618,128],{"class":74},[553,125620,125622],{"id":125621},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,125624,125625],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[51,125627,125629],{"className":53,"code":125628,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,125630,125631,125635],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125632,125633],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125634,125465],{"class":146},[60,125636,125637],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,125638,125639],{"class":146},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,125641,125642],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[51,125644,125646],{"className":53,"code":125645,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125647,125648,125665,125678,125682,125692],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125649,125650,125652,125654,125656,125658,125660,125663],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125651,125393],{"class":66},[60,125653,71],{"class":70},[60,125655,3256],{"class":255},[60,125657,125498],{"class":259},[60,125659,125501],{"class":34386},[60,125661,125662],{"class":259},"s good",[60,125664,29631],{"class":255},[60,125666,125667,125669,125671,125673,125676],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,125668,125407],{"class":66},[60,125670,71],{"class":70},[60,125672,267],{"class":255},[60,125674,125675],{"class":259},"It's good",[60,125677,3320],{"class":255},[60,125679,125680],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,125681,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,125683,125684,125686,125688,125690],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,125685,135],{"class":134},[60,125687,122],{"class":74},[60,125689,125429],{"class":118},[60,125691,128],{"class":74},[60,125693,125694,125696,125698,125700],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,125695,135],{"class":134},[60,125697,122],{"class":74},[60,125699,125440],{"class":118},[60,125701,128],{"class":74},[553,125703,125705],{"id":125704},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,125707,125708],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[51,125710,125712],{"className":53,"code":125711,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125713,125714,125726],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125715,125716,125718,125720,125722,125724],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125717,34621],{"class":66},[60,125719,71],{"class":70},[60,125721,125069],{"class":255},[60,125723,3801],{"class":259},[60,125725,43268],{"class":255},[60,125727,125728,125730,125732,125734],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,125729,135],{"class":134},[60,125731,122],{"class":74},[60,125733,34642],{"class":118},[60,125735,128],{"class":74},[20,125737,125738],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[51,125740,125742],{"className":53,"code":125741,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125743,125744,125756],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125745,125746,125748,125750,125752,125754],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125747,34621],{"class":66},[60,125749,71],{"class":70},[60,125751,267],{"class":255},[60,125753,3801],{"class":259},[60,125755,3320],{"class":255},[60,125757,125758,125760,125762,125764],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,125759,135],{"class":134},[60,125761,122],{"class":74},[60,125763,34642],{"class":118},[60,125765,128],{"class":74},[553,125767,4529,125769,544,125771,125773],{"id":125768},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,125770,50177],{},[15,125772,50227],{}," are the same type",[20,125775,125776],{},"They are different:",[51,125778,125780],{"className":53,"code":125779,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,125781,125782,125791,125804,125808,125822],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125783,125784,125787,125789],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125785,125786],{"class":66},"value1 ",[60,125788,71],{"class":70},[60,125790,124797],{"class":78},[60,125792,125793,125796,125798,125800,125802],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,125794,125795],{"class":66},"value2 ",[60,125797,71],{"class":70},[60,125799,267],{"class":255},[60,125801,50177],{"class":259},[60,125803,3320],{"class":255},[60,125805,125806],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,125807,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,125809,125810,125812,125814,125816,125818,125820],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,125811,135],{"class":134},[60,125813,122],{"class":74},[60,125815,1657],{"class":1656},[60,125817,122],{"class":74},[60,125819,84530],{"class":118},[60,125821,315],{"class":74},[60,125823,125824,125826,125828,125830,125832,125835],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,125825,135],{"class":134},[60,125827,122],{"class":74},[60,125829,1657],{"class":1656},[60,125831,122],{"class":74},[60,125833,125834],{"class":118},"value2",[60,125836,315],{"class":74},[20,125838,318],{},[51,125840,125842],{"className":53,"code":125841,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125843,125844,125858],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125845,125846,125848,125850,125852,125854,125856],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125847,3250],{"class":70},[60,125849,3253],{"class":2033},[60,125851,3256],{"class":255},[60,125853,345],{"class":259},[60,125855,3261],{"class":255},[60,125857,3264],{"class":70},[60,125859,125860,125862,125864,125866,125868,125870],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,125861,3250],{"class":70},[60,125863,3253],{"class":2033},[60,125865,3256],{"class":255},[60,125867,3405],{"class":259},[60,125869,3261],{"class":255},[60,125871,3264],{"class":70},[553,125873,125875],{"id":125874},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,125877,125878],{},"This causes a type error:",[51,125880,125882],{"className":53,"code":125881,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,125883,125884,125888,125893],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125885,125886],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125887,125465],{"class":146},[60,125889,125890],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,125891,125892],{"class":146},"# age = 10\n",[60,125894,125895],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,125896,125897],{"class":146},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,125899,125900,125901,166],{},"Fix it with ",[15,125902,47614],{},[51,125904,125906],{"className":53,"code":125905,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125907,125908,125916,125938,125942],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125909,125910,125912,125914],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125911,21561],{"class":66},[60,125913,71],{"class":70},[60,125915,2548],{"class":78},[60,125917,125918,125920,125922,125924,125926,125928,125930,125932,125934,125936],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,125919,89767],{"class":66},[60,125921,71],{"class":70},[60,125923,267],{"class":255},[60,125925,89185],{"class":259},[60,125927,256],{"class":255},[60,125929,2417],{"class":70},[60,125931,48835],{"class":1656},[60,125933,122],{"class":74},[60,125935,9234],{"class":118},[60,125937,128],{"class":74},[60,125939,125940],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,125941,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,125943,125944,125946,125948,125950],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,125945,135],{"class":134},[60,125947,122],{"class":74},[60,125949,89784],{"class":118},[60,125951,128],{"class":74},[20,125953,125954,125955,115],{},"For this specific error, see ",[260,125956,90166],{"href":90165},[553,125958,60469],{"id":60468},[20,125960,125961],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[51,125963,125965],{"className":53,"code":125964,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,125966,125967,125979,125983,125993,126007],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125968,125969,125971,125973,125975,125977],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125970,34621],{"class":66},[60,125972,71],{"class":70},[60,125974,267],{"class":255},[60,125976,3801],{"class":259},[60,125978,3320],{"class":255},[60,125980,125981],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,125982,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,125984,125985,125987,125989,125991],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,125986,135],{"class":134},[60,125988,122],{"class":74},[60,125990,34642],{"class":118},[60,125992,128],{"class":74},[60,125994,125995,125997,125999,126001,126003,126005],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,125996,135],{"class":134},[60,125998,122],{"class":74},[60,126000,1657],{"class":1656},[60,126002,122],{"class":74},[60,126004,34642],{"class":118},[60,126006,315],{"class":74},[60,126008,126009,126011,126013,126015,126017,126019],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,126010,135],{"class":134},[60,126012,122],{"class":74},[60,126014,1723],{"class":134},[60,126016,122],{"class":74},[60,126018,34642],{"class":118},[60,126020,315],{"class":74},[30,126022,126023,126028,126033],{},[33,126024,126025,46210],{},[15,126026,126027],{},"print(text)",[33,126029,126030,46215],{},[15,126031,126032],{},"print(type(text))",[33,126034,126035,126038],{},[15,126036,126037],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[46,126040,1773],{"id":1772},[553,126042,126044],{"id":126043},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,126046,126047,126048,1460,126051,115],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,126049,126050],{},"'hello'",[15,126052,64294],{},[553,126054,126056],{"id":126055},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,126058,126059],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[553,126061,126063],{"id":126062},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,126065,150,126066,1460,126068,115],{},[15,126067,6213],{},[15,126069,3729],{},[553,126071,126073],{"id":126072},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,126075,150,126076,126078,126079,126081,126082,115],{},[15,126077,47614],{},", like ",[15,126080,80140],{},", which returns ",[15,126083,42059],{},[553,126085,126087],{"id":126086},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,126089,126090],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[46,126092,1842],{"id":1841},[30,126094,126095,126099,126105,126110,126119,126123],{},[33,126096,126097],{},[260,126098,124870],{"href":50904},[33,126100,126101],{},[260,126102,1875,126103,3471],{"href":42107},[15,126104,47614],{},[33,126106,126107],{},[260,126108,126109],{"href":123040},"How to convert int to string in Python",[33,126111,126112],{},[260,126113,126115,126116,1869],{"href":126114},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,126117,126118],{},"format()",[33,126120,126121],{},[260,126122,125556],{"href":125555},[33,126124,126125],{},[260,126126,90166],{"href":90165},[1885,126128,126129],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":126131},[126132,126133,126134,126135,126136,126137,126138,126139,126140,126149,126156],{"id":15096,"depth":104,"text":15097},{"id":124709,"depth":104,"text":124710},{"id":124873,"depth":104,"text":124874},{"id":124948,"depth":104,"text":124949},{"id":125048,"depth":104,"text":125049},{"id":125153,"depth":104,"text":125154},{"id":125331,"depth":104,"text":125332},{"id":125448,"depth":104,"text":125449},{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351,"children":126141},[126142,126143,126144,126145,126147,126148],{"id":89973,"depth":131,"text":89974},{"id":125621,"depth":131,"text":125622},{"id":125704,"depth":131,"text":125705},{"id":125768,"depth":131,"text":126146},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":125874,"depth":131,"text":125875},{"id":60468,"depth":131,"text":60469},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":126150},[126151,126152,126153,126154,126155],{"id":126043,"depth":131,"text":126044},{"id":126055,"depth":131,"text":126056},{"id":126062,"depth":131,"text":126063},{"id":126072,"depth":131,"text":126073},{"id":126086,"depth":131,"text":126087},{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124571,"description":126157},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126164,"title":126165,"body":126166,"description":128080,"extension":1930,"meta":128081,"navigation":421,"path":128082,"seo":128083,"stem":128084,"__hash__":128085},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126167,"toc":128041},[126168,126174,126179,126187,126189,126256,126258,126270,126279,126284,126288,126305,126307,126372,126374,126386,126391,126393,126421,126442,126445,126484,126486,126494,126498,126502,126506,126514,126517,126558,126560,126568,126571,126628,126630,126638,126642,126647,126691,126693,126701,126710,126714,126719,126767,126769,126777,126783,126785,126789,126801,126806,126885,126887,126907,126911,126915,126955,126957,126965,126969,127012,127014,127022,127026,127066,127068,127076,127080,127136,127138,127146,127152,127154,127158,127168,127235,127237,127250,127257,127300,127302,127310,127314,127317,127373,127375,127383,127386,127388,127465,127467,127475,127484,127486,127490,127494,127496,127518,127521,127568,127572,127611,127613,127621,127623,127665,127672,127677,127739,127741,127753,127759,127764,127813,127815,127834,127840,127842,127861,127863,127954,127956,127962,127969,127975,127981,127986,127995,128002,128010,128012,128038],[10,126169,123115,126171,18],{"id":126170},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,126172,126173],{},"endswith()",[20,126175,123120,126176,126178],{},[15,126177,126173],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,126180,126181,126182,1460,126184,126186],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,126183,547],{},[15,126185,1463],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[46,126188,1972],{"id":1971},[51,126190,126192],{"className":53,"code":126191,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126193,126194,126208,126233],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126195,126196,126199,126201,126203,126206],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126197,126198],{"class":66},"filename ",[60,126200,71],{"class":70},[60,126202,267],{"class":255},[60,126204,126205],{"class":259},"report.csv",[60,126207,3320],{"class":255},[60,126209,126210,126212,126214,126217,126219,126222,126224,126226,126229,126231],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,126211,135],{"class":134},[60,126213,122],{"class":74},[60,126215,126216],{"class":118},"filename",[60,126218,115],{"class":74},[60,126220,126221],{"class":118},"endswith",[60,126223,122],{"class":74},[60,126225,256],{"class":255},[60,126227,126228],{"class":259},".csv",[60,126230,256],{"class":255},[60,126232,315],{"class":74},[60,126234,126235,126237,126239,126241,126243,126245,126247,126249,126252,126254],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,126236,135],{"class":134},[60,126238,122],{"class":74},[60,126240,126216],{"class":118},[60,126242,115],{"class":74},[60,126244,126221],{"class":118},[60,126246,122],{"class":74},[60,126248,256],{"class":255},[60,126250,126251],{"class":259},".txt",[60,126253,256],{"class":255},[60,126255,315],{"class":74},[20,126257,318],{},[51,126259,126260],{"className":53,"code":44105,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,126261,126262,126266],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126263,126264],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126265,3933],{"class":685},[60,126267,126268],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,126269,3994],{"class":685},[20,126271,150,126272,5315,126274,1460,126276,126278],{},[15,126273,126173],{},[15,126275,547],{},[15,126277,1463],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[46,126280,158,126282,161],{"id":126281},"what-endswith-does",[15,126283,126173],{},[20,126285,126286,166],{},[15,126287,126173],{},[30,126289,126290,126293,126299,126302],{},[33,126291,126292],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[33,126294,11359,126295,1460,126297],{},[15,126296,547],{},[15,126298,1463],{},[33,126300,126301],{},"Does not change the original string",[33,126303,126304],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,126306,238],{},[51,126308,126310],{"className":53,"code":126309,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,126311,126312,126324,126328,126350],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126313,126314,126316,126318,126320,126322],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126315,34621],{"class":66},[60,126317,71],{"class":70},[60,126319,267],{"class":255},[60,126321,60165],{"class":259},[60,126323,3320],{"class":255},[60,126325,126326],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,126327,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,126329,126330,126332,126334,126336,126338,126340,126342,126344,126346,126348],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,126331,135],{"class":134},[60,126333,122],{"class":74},[60,126335,34642],{"class":118},[60,126337,115],{"class":74},[60,126339,126221],{"class":118},[60,126341,122],{"class":74},[60,126343,256],{"class":255},[60,126345,60350],{"class":259},[60,126347,256],{"class":255},[60,126349,315],{"class":74},[60,126351,126352,126354,126356,126358,126360,126362,126364,126366,126368,126370],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,126353,135],{"class":134},[60,126355,122],{"class":74},[60,126357,34642],{"class":118},[60,126359,115],{"class":74},[60,126361,126221],{"class":118},[60,126363,122],{"class":74},[60,126365,256],{"class":255},[60,126367,3801],{"class":259},[60,126369,256],{"class":255},[60,126371,315],{"class":74},[20,126373,318],{},[51,126375,126376],{"className":53,"code":44105,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,126377,126378,126382],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126379,126380],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126381,3933],{"class":685},[60,126383,126384],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,126385,3994],{"class":685},[20,126387,126388,126389,115],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[260,126390,124870],{"href":50904},[46,126392,199],{"id":198},[51,126394,126396],{"className":53,"code":126395,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,126397,126398],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126399,126400,126402,126404,126406,126408,126411,126413,126415,126417,126419],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126401,60933],{"class":66},[60,126403,115],{"class":74},[60,126405,126221],{"class":118},[60,126407,122],{"class":74},[60,126409,126410],{"class":118},"suffix",[60,126412,82],{"class":74},[60,126414,35987],{"class":118},[60,126416,82],{"class":74},[60,126418,64800],{"class":118},[60,126420,128],{"class":74},[30,126422,126423,126428,126435],{},[33,126424,126425,126427],{},[15,126426,126410],{}," is required",[33,126429,126430,544,126432,126434],{},[15,126431,36008],{},[15,126433,52587],{}," are optional",[33,126436,126437,544,126439,126441],{},[15,126438,36008],{},[15,126440,52587],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,126443,126444],{},"Basic example:",[51,126446,126448],{"className":53,"code":126447,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126449,126450,126462],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126451,126452,126454,126456,126458,126460],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126453,126198],{"class":66},[60,126455,71],{"class":70},[60,126457,267],{"class":255},[60,126459,86655],{"class":259},[60,126461,3320],{"class":255},[60,126463,126464,126466,126468,126470,126472,126474,126476,126478,126480,126482],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,126465,135],{"class":134},[60,126467,122],{"class":74},[60,126469,126216],{"class":118},[60,126471,115],{"class":74},[60,126473,126221],{"class":118},[60,126475,122],{"class":74},[60,126477,256],{"class":255},[60,126479,126251],{"class":259},[60,126481,256],{"class":255},[60,126483,315],{"class":74},[20,126485,318],{},[51,126487,126488],{"className":53,"code":3933,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,126489,126490],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126491,126492],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126493,3933],{"class":685},[46,126495,126497],{"id":126496},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[553,126499,126500],{"id":126410},[15,126501,126410],{},[20,126503,126504,30682],{},[15,126505,126410],{},[30,126507,126508,126511],{},[33,126509,126510],{},"A single string",[33,126512,126513],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,126515,126516],{},"Single suffix:",[51,126518,126520],{"className":53,"code":126519,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,126521,126522,126535],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126523,126524,126526,126528,126530,126533],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126525,7816],{"class":66},[60,126527,71],{"class":70},[60,126529,267],{"class":255},[60,126531,126532],{"class":259},"image.png",[60,126534,3320],{"class":255},[60,126536,126537,126539,126541,126543,126545,126547,126549,126551,126554,126556],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,126538,135],{"class":134},[60,126540,122],{"class":74},[60,126542,7611],{"class":118},[60,126544,115],{"class":74},[60,126546,126221],{"class":118},[60,126548,122],{"class":74},[60,126550,256],{"class":255},[60,126552,126553],{"class":259},".png",[60,126555,256],{"class":255},[60,126557,315],{"class":74},[20,126559,318],{},[51,126561,126562],{"className":53,"code":3933,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,126563,126564],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126565,126566],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126567,3933],{"class":685},[20,126569,126570],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[51,126572,126574],{"className":53,"code":126573,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126575,126576,126588],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126577,126578,126580,126582,126584,126586],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126579,7816],{"class":66},[60,126581,71],{"class":70},[60,126583,267],{"class":255},[60,126585,126532],{"class":259},[60,126587,3320],{"class":255},[60,126589,126590,126592,126594,126596,126598,126600,126602,126604,126607,126609,126611,126613,126615,126617,126619,126621,126624,126626],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,126591,135],{"class":134},[60,126593,122],{"class":74},[60,126595,7611],{"class":118},[60,126597,115],{"class":74},[60,126599,126221],{"class":118},[60,126601,5456],{"class":74},[60,126603,256],{"class":255},[60,126605,126606],{"class":259},".jpg",[60,126608,256],{"class":255},[60,126610,82],{"class":74},[60,126612,267],{"class":255},[60,126614,126553],{"class":259},[60,126616,256],{"class":255},[60,126618,82],{"class":74},[60,126620,267],{"class":255},[60,126622,126623],{"class":259},".gif",[60,126625,256],{"class":255},[60,126627,2872],{"class":74},[20,126629,318],{},[51,126631,126632],{"className":53,"code":3933,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,126633,126634],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126635,126636],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126637,3933],{"class":685},[553,126639,126640],{"id":36008},[15,126641,36008],{},[20,126643,126644,126646],{},[15,126645,36008],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[51,126648,126650],{"className":53,"code":126649,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,126651,126652,126665],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126653,126654,126656,126658,126660,126663],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126655,34621],{"class":66},[60,126657,71],{"class":70},[60,126659,267],{"class":255},[60,126661,126662],{"class":259},"my_report.csv",[60,126664,3320],{"class":255},[60,126666,126667,126669,126671,126673,126675,126677,126679,126681,126683,126685,126687,126689],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,126668,135],{"class":134},[60,126670,122],{"class":74},[60,126672,34642],{"class":118},[60,126674,115],{"class":74},[60,126676,126221],{"class":118},[60,126678,122],{"class":74},[60,126680,256],{"class":255},[60,126682,126228],{"class":259},[60,126684,256],{"class":255},[60,126686,82],{"class":74},[60,126688,94],{"class":78},[60,126690,315],{"class":74},[20,126692,318],{},[51,126694,126695],{"className":53,"code":3933,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,126696,126697],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126698,126699],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126700,3933],{"class":685},[20,126702,126703,126704,126706,126707,115],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,126705,189],{}," onward, which is ",[15,126708,126709],{},"\"report.csv\"",[553,126711,126712],{"id":52587},[15,126713,52587],{},[20,126715,126716,126718],{},[15,126717,52587],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[51,126720,126722],{"className":53,"code":126721,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,126723,126724,126737],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126725,126726,126728,126730,126732,126735],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126727,34621],{"class":66},[60,126729,71],{"class":70},[60,126731,267],{"class":255},[60,126733,126734],{"class":259},"report.csv backup",[60,126736,3320],{"class":255},[60,126738,126739,126741,126743,126745,126747,126749,126751,126753,126755,126757,126759,126761,126763,126765],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,126740,135],{"class":134},[60,126742,122],{"class":74},[60,126744,34642],{"class":118},[60,126746,115],{"class":74},[60,126748,126221],{"class":118},[60,126750,122],{"class":74},[60,126752,256],{"class":255},[60,126754,126228],{"class":259},[60,126756,256],{"class":255},[60,126758,82],{"class":74},[60,126760,3789],{"class":78},[60,126762,82],{"class":74},[60,126764,883],{"class":78},[60,126766,315],{"class":74},[20,126768,318],{},[51,126770,126771],{"className":53,"code":3933,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,126772,126773],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126774,126775],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126776,3933],{"class":685},[20,126778,126779,126780,126782],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,126781,126709],{}," and ignores the rest.",[46,126784,17354],{"id":17353},[20,126786,126787,25441],{},[15,126788,126173],{},[30,126790,126791,126796],{},[33,126792,126793,126795],{},[15,126794,547],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[33,126797,126798,126800],{},[15,126799,1463],{}," if it does not",[20,126802,126803,126804,7114],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,126805,6939],{},[51,126807,126809],{"className":53,"code":126808,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,126810,126811,126824,126828,126849,126864,126870],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126812,126813,126815,126817,126819,126822],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126814,126198],{"class":66},[60,126816,71],{"class":70},[60,126818,267],{"class":255},[60,126820,126821],{"class":259},"data.csv",[60,126823,3320],{"class":255},[60,126825,126826],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,126827,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,126829,126830,126832,126835,126837,126839,126841,126843,126845,126847],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,126831,6939],{"class":1537},[60,126833,126834],{"class":66}," filename",[60,126836,115],{"class":74},[60,126838,126221],{"class":118},[60,126840,122],{"class":74},[60,126842,256],{"class":255},[60,126844,126228],{"class":259},[60,126846,256],{"class":255},[60,126848,8281],{"class":74},[60,126850,126851,126853,126855,126857,126860,126862],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,126852,1718],{"class":134},[60,126854,122],{"class":74},[60,126856,256],{"class":255},[60,126858,126859],{"class":259},"This is a CSV file.",[60,126861,256],{"class":255},[60,126863,128],{"class":74},[60,126865,126866,126868],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,126867,27367],{"class":1537},[60,126869,1712],{"class":74},[60,126871,126872,126874,126876,126878,126881,126883],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,126873,1718],{"class":134},[60,126875,122],{"class":74},[60,126877,256],{"class":255},[60,126879,126880],{"class":259},"This is not a CSV file.",[60,126882,256],{"class":255},[60,126884,128],{"class":74},[20,126886,318],{},[51,126888,126890],{"className":53,"code":126889,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,126891,126892],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126893,126894,126896,126898,126900,126903,126905],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126895,49810],{"class":66},[60,126897,12130],{"class":70},[60,126899,44476],{"class":66},[60,126901,126902],{"class":34386},"CSV",[60,126904,86396],{"class":86395},[60,126906,122147],{"class":74},[46,126908,126910],{"id":126909},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[553,126912,126914],{"id":126913},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[51,126916,126918],{"className":53,"code":126917,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,126919,126920,126933],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126921,126922,126924,126926,126928,126931],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126923,126198],{"class":66},[60,126925,71],{"class":70},[60,126927,267],{"class":255},[60,126929,126930],{"class":259},"sales.csv",[60,126932,3320],{"class":255},[60,126934,126935,126937,126939,126941,126943,126945,126947,126949,126951,126953],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,126936,135],{"class":134},[60,126938,122],{"class":74},[60,126940,126216],{"class":118},[60,126942,115],{"class":74},[60,126944,126221],{"class":118},[60,126946,122],{"class":74},[60,126948,256],{"class":255},[60,126950,126228],{"class":259},[60,126952,256],{"class":255},[60,126954,315],{"class":74},[20,126956,318],{},[51,126958,126959],{"className":53,"code":3933,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,126960,126961],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126962,126963],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126964,3933],{"class":685},[553,126966,126968],{"id":126967},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[51,126970,126972],{"className":53,"code":126971,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,126973,126974,126988],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126975,126976,126979,126981,126983,126986],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126977,126978],{"class":66},"url ",[60,126980,71],{"class":70},[60,126982,267],{"class":255},[60,126984,126985],{"class":259},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[60,126987,3320],{"class":255},[60,126989,126990,126992,126994,126997,126999,127001,127003,127005,127008,127010],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,126991,135],{"class":134},[60,126993,122],{"class":74},[60,126995,126996],{"class":118},"url",[60,126998,115],{"class":74},[60,127000,126221],{"class":118},[60,127002,122],{"class":74},[60,127004,256],{"class":255},[60,127006,127007],{"class":259},"\u002F",[60,127009,256],{"class":255},[60,127011,315],{"class":74},[20,127013,318],{},[51,127015,127016],{"className":53,"code":3933,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,127017,127018],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127019,127020],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127021,3933],{"class":685},[553,127023,127025],{"id":127024},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[51,127027,127029],{"className":53,"code":127028,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,127030,127031,127044],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127032,127033,127035,127037,127039,127042],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127034,89767],{"class":66},[60,127036,71],{"class":70},[60,127038,267],{"class":255},[60,127040,127041],{"class":259},"Hello!",[60,127043,3320],{"class":255},[60,127045,127046,127048,127050,127052,127054,127056,127058,127060,127062,127064],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,127047,135],{"class":134},[60,127049,122],{"class":74},[60,127051,89784],{"class":118},[60,127053,115],{"class":74},[60,127055,126221],{"class":118},[60,127057,122],{"class":74},[60,127059,256],{"class":255},[60,127061,89608],{"class":259},[60,127063,256],{"class":255},[60,127065,315],{"class":74},[20,127067,318],{},[51,127069,127070],{"className":53,"code":3933,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,127071,127072],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127073,127074],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127075,3933],{"class":685},[553,127077,127079],{"id":127078},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[51,127081,127083],{"className":53,"code":127082,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127084,127085,127098],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127086,127087,127089,127091,127093,127096],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127088,126198],{"class":66},[60,127090,71],{"class":70},[60,127092,267],{"class":255},[60,127094,127095],{"class":259},"photo.jpg",[60,127097,3320],{"class":255},[60,127099,127100,127102,127104,127106,127108,127110,127112,127114,127116,127118,127120,127122,127124,127126,127128,127130,127132,127134],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,127101,135],{"class":134},[60,127103,122],{"class":74},[60,127105,126216],{"class":118},[60,127107,115],{"class":74},[60,127109,126221],{"class":118},[60,127111,5456],{"class":74},[60,127113,256],{"class":255},[60,127115,126606],{"class":259},[60,127117,256],{"class":255},[60,127119,82],{"class":74},[60,127121,267],{"class":255},[60,127123,126553],{"class":259},[60,127125,256],{"class":255},[60,127127,82],{"class":74},[60,127129,267],{"class":255},[60,127131,126623],{"class":259},[60,127133,256],{"class":255},[60,127135,2872],{"class":74},[20,127137,318],{},[51,127139,127140],{"className":53,"code":3933,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,127141,127142],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127143,127144],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127145,3933],{"class":685},[20,127147,127148,127149,115],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[260,127150,127151],{"href":123370},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[46,127153,123762],{"id":123761},[20,127155,127156,123573],{},[15,127157,126173],{},[20,127159,127160,127161,544,127164,127167],{},"That means ",[15,127162,127163],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,127165,127166],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[51,127169,127171],{"className":53,"code":127170,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,127172,127173,127186,127190,127212],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127174,127175,127177,127179,127181,127184],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127176,126198],{"class":66},[60,127178,71],{"class":70},[60,127180,267],{"class":255},[60,127182,127183],{"class":259},"REPORT.CSV",[60,127185,3320],{"class":255},[60,127187,127188],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,127189,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,127191,127192,127194,127196,127198,127200,127202,127204,127206,127208,127210],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,127193,135],{"class":134},[60,127195,122],{"class":74},[60,127197,126216],{"class":118},[60,127199,115],{"class":74},[60,127201,126221],{"class":118},[60,127203,122],{"class":74},[60,127205,256],{"class":255},[60,127207,126228],{"class":259},[60,127209,256],{"class":255},[60,127211,315],{"class":74},[60,127213,127214,127216,127218,127220,127222,127224,127226,127228,127231,127233],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,127215,135],{"class":134},[60,127217,122],{"class":74},[60,127219,126216],{"class":118},[60,127221,115],{"class":74},[60,127223,126221],{"class":118},[60,127225,122],{"class":74},[60,127227,256],{"class":255},[60,127229,127230],{"class":259},".CSV",[60,127232,256],{"class":255},[60,127234,315],{"class":74},[20,127236,318],{},[51,127238,127240],{"className":53,"code":127239,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"False\nTrue\n",[15,127241,127242,127246],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127243,127244],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127245,3994],{"class":685},[60,127247,127248],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,127249,3933],{"class":685},[20,127251,127252,127253,115],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[260,127254,127255],{"href":123842},[15,127256,123845],{},[51,127258,127260],{"className":53,"code":127259,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127261,127262,127274],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127263,127264,127266,127268,127270,127272],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127265,126198],{"class":66},[60,127267,71],{"class":70},[60,127269,267],{"class":255},[60,127271,127183],{"class":259},[60,127273,3320],{"class":255},[60,127275,127276,127278,127280,127282,127284,127286,127288,127290,127292,127294,127296,127298],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,127277,135],{"class":134},[60,127279,122],{"class":74},[60,127281,126216],{"class":118},[60,127283,115],{"class":74},[60,127285,8576],{"class":118},[60,127287,8573],{"class":74},[60,127289,126221],{"class":118},[60,127291,122],{"class":74},[60,127293,256],{"class":255},[60,127295,126228],{"class":259},[60,127297,256],{"class":255},[60,127299,315],{"class":74},[20,127301,318],{},[51,127303,127304],{"className":53,"code":3933,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,127305,127306],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127307,127308],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127309,3933],{"class":685},[46,127311,127313],{"id":127312},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,127315,127316],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[51,127318,127320],{"className":53,"code":127319,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127321,127322,127335],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127323,127324,127326,127328,127330,127333],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127325,126198],{"class":66},[60,127327,71],{"class":70},[60,127329,267],{"class":255},[60,127331,127332],{"class":259},"picture.gif",[60,127334,3320],{"class":255},[60,127336,127337,127339,127341,127343,127345,127347,127349,127351,127353,127355,127357,127359,127361,127363,127365,127367,127369,127371],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,127338,135],{"class":134},[60,127340,122],{"class":74},[60,127342,126216],{"class":118},[60,127344,115],{"class":74},[60,127346,126221],{"class":118},[60,127348,5456],{"class":74},[60,127350,256],{"class":255},[60,127352,126606],{"class":259},[60,127354,256],{"class":255},[60,127356,82],{"class":74},[60,127358,267],{"class":255},[60,127360,126553],{"class":259},[60,127362,256],{"class":255},[60,127364,82],{"class":74},[60,127366,267],{"class":255},[60,127368,126623],{"class":259},[60,127370,256],{"class":255},[60,127372,2872],{"class":74},[20,127374,318],{},[51,127376,127377],{"className":53,"code":3933,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,127378,127379],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127380,127381],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127382,3933],{"class":685},[20,127384,127385],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,127387,52006],{},[51,127389,127391],{"className":53,"code":127390,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,127392,127393,127406,127441,127445],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127394,127395,127398,127400,127402,127404],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127396,127397],{"class":66},"document ",[60,127399,71],{"class":70},[60,127401,267],{"class":255},[60,127403,86655],{"class":259},[60,127405,3320],{"class":255},[60,127407,127408,127411,127413,127415,127417,127419,127421,127423,127425,127428,127430,127432,127434,127437,127439],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,127409,127410],{"class":66},"allowed ",[60,127412,71],{"class":70},[60,127414,9171],{"class":74},[60,127416,256],{"class":255},[60,127418,126251],{"class":259},[60,127420,256],{"class":255},[60,127422,82],{"class":74},[60,127424,267],{"class":255},[60,127426,127427],{"class":259},".md",[60,127429,256],{"class":255},[60,127431,82],{"class":74},[60,127433,267],{"class":255},[60,127435,127436],{"class":259},".docx",[60,127438,256],{"class":255},[60,127440,128],{"class":74},[60,127442,127443],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,127444,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,127446,127447,127449,127451,127454,127456,127458,127460,127463],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,127448,135],{"class":134},[60,127450,122],{"class":74},[60,127452,127453],{"class":118},"document",[60,127455,115],{"class":74},[60,127457,126221],{"class":118},[60,127459,122],{"class":74},[60,127461,127462],{"class":118},"allowed",[60,127464,315],{"class":74},[20,127466,318],{},[51,127468,127469],{"className":53,"code":3933,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,127470,127471],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127472,127473],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127474,3933],{"class":685},[20,127476,127477,127478,115],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[260,127479,126115,127481,1869],{"href":127480},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,127482,127483],{},"startswith()",[46,127485,1351],{"id":1350},[20,127487,1354,127488,115],{},[15,127489,126173],{},[553,127491,127493],{"id":127492},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,127495,4475],{},[51,127497,127499],{"className":53,"code":127498,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,127500,127501,127513],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127502,127503,127505,127507,127509,127511],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127504,126198],{"class":66},[60,127506,71],{"class":70},[60,127508,267],{"class":255},[60,127510,127095],{"class":259},[60,127512,3320],{"class":255},[60,127514,127515],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,127516,127517],{"class":146},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,127519,127520],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[51,127522,127524],{"className":53,"code":127523,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,127525,127526,127538],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127527,127528,127530,127532,127534,127536],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127529,126198],{"class":66},[60,127531,71],{"class":70},[60,127533,267],{"class":255},[60,127535,127095],{"class":259},[60,127537,3320],{"class":255},[60,127539,127540,127542,127544,127546,127548,127550,127552,127554,127556,127558,127560,127562,127564,127566],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,127541,135],{"class":134},[60,127543,122],{"class":74},[60,127545,126216],{"class":118},[60,127547,115],{"class":74},[60,127549,126221],{"class":118},[60,127551,5456],{"class":74},[60,127553,256],{"class":255},[60,127555,126606],{"class":259},[60,127557,256],{"class":255},[60,127559,82],{"class":74},[60,127561,267],{"class":255},[60,127563,126553],{"class":259},[60,127565,256],{"class":255},[60,127567,2872],{"class":74},[553,127569,127571],{"id":127570},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[51,127573,127575],{"className":53,"code":127574,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127576,127577,127589],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127578,127579,127581,127583,127585,127587],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127580,126198],{"class":66},[60,127582,71],{"class":70},[60,127584,267],{"class":255},[60,127586,127183],{"class":259},[60,127588,3320],{"class":255},[60,127590,127591,127593,127595,127597,127599,127601,127603,127605,127607,127609],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,127592,135],{"class":134},[60,127594,122],{"class":74},[60,127596,126216],{"class":118},[60,127598,115],{"class":74},[60,127600,126221],{"class":118},[60,127602,122],{"class":74},[60,127604,256],{"class":255},[60,127606,126228],{"class":259},[60,127608,256],{"class":255},[60,127610,315],{"class":74},[20,127612,318],{},[51,127614,127615],{"className":53,"code":3994,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,127616,127617],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127618,127619],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127620,3994],{"class":685},[20,127622,39195],{},[51,127624,127625],{"className":53,"code":127259,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,127626,127627,127639],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127628,127629,127631,127633,127635,127637],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127630,126198],{"class":66},[60,127632,71],{"class":70},[60,127634,267],{"class":255},[60,127636,127183],{"class":259},[60,127638,3320],{"class":255},[60,127640,127641,127643,127645,127647,127649,127651,127653,127655,127657,127659,127661,127663],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,127642,135],{"class":134},[60,127644,122],{"class":74},[60,127646,126216],{"class":118},[60,127648,115],{"class":74},[60,127650,8576],{"class":118},[60,127652,8573],{"class":74},[60,127654,126221],{"class":118},[60,127656,122],{"class":74},[60,127658,256],{"class":255},[60,127660,126228],{"class":259},[60,127662,256],{"class":255},[60,127664,315],{"class":74},[553,127666,37138,127668,8640,127670],{"id":127667},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,127669,126173],{},[15,127671,511],{},[20,127673,127674,127676],{},[15,127675,126173],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[51,127678,127680],{"className":53,"code":127679,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,127681,127682,127695,127699,127721],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127683,127684,127686,127688,127690,127693],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127685,34621],{"class":66},[60,127687,71],{"class":70},[60,127689,267],{"class":255},[60,127691,127692],{"class":259},"my_report.csv.backup",[60,127694,3320],{"class":255},[60,127696,127697],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,127698,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,127700,127701,127703,127705,127707,127709,127711,127713,127715,127717,127719],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,127702,135],{"class":134},[60,127704,122],{"class":74},[60,127706,34642],{"class":118},[60,127708,115],{"class":74},[60,127710,126221],{"class":118},[60,127712,122],{"class":74},[60,127714,256],{"class":255},[60,127716,126228],{"class":259},[60,127718,256],{"class":255},[60,127720,315],{"class":74},[60,127722,127723,127725,127727,127729,127731,127733,127735,127737],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,127724,135],{"class":134},[60,127726,122],{"class":74},[60,127728,256],{"class":255},[60,127730,126228],{"class":259},[60,127732,256],{"class":255},[60,127734,1538],{"class":1537},[60,127736,42773],{"class":118},[60,127738,128],{"class":74},[20,127740,318],{},[51,127742,127743],{"className":53,"code":127239,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,127744,127745,127749],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127746,127747],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127748,3994],{"class":685},[60,127750,127751],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,127752,3933],{"class":685},[553,127754,1454,127756,127758],{"id":127755},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,127757,126173],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,127760,127761,127763],{},[15,127762,126173],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[51,127765,127767],{"className":53,"code":127766,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,127768,127769,127781,127803],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127770,127771,127773,127775,127777,127779],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127772,126198],{"class":66},[60,127774,71],{"class":70},[60,127776,267],{"class":255},[60,127778,126205],{"class":259},[60,127780,3320],{"class":255},[60,127782,127783,127785,127787,127789,127791,127793,127795,127797,127799,127801],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,127784,135],{"class":134},[60,127786,122],{"class":74},[60,127788,126216],{"class":118},[60,127790,115],{"class":74},[60,127792,126221],{"class":118},[60,127794,122],{"class":74},[60,127796,256],{"class":255},[60,127798,126228],{"class":259},[60,127800,256],{"class":255},[60,127802,315],{"class":74},[60,127804,127805,127807,127809,127811],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,127806,135],{"class":134},[60,127808,122],{"class":74},[60,127810,126216],{"class":118},[60,127812,128],{"class":74},[20,127814,318],{},[51,127816,127818],{"className":53,"code":127817,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,127819,127820,127824],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127821,127822],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127823,3933],{"class":685},[60,127825,127826,127829,127831],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,127827,127828],{"class":66},"report",[60,127830,115],{"class":74},[60,127832,127833],{"class":24682},"csv\n",[20,127835,127836,127837,115],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[260,127838,127839],{"href":124283},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,127841,65823],{},[30,127843,127844,127847,127850,127853],{},[33,127845,127846],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[33,127848,127849],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[33,127851,127852],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[33,127854,8356,127855,44561,127857,1460,127859,111312],{},[15,127856,126173],{},[15,127858,124286],{},[15,127860,41587],{},[20,127862,30067],{},[51,127864,127866],{"className":53,"code":127865,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,127867,127868,127878,127892,127914,127940],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127869,127870,127872,127874,127876],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127871,135],{"class":134},[60,127873,122],{"class":74},[60,127875,34642],{"class":118},[60,127877,128],{"class":74},[60,127879,127880,127882,127884,127886,127888,127890],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,127881,135],{"class":134},[60,127883,122],{"class":74},[60,127885,1723],{"class":134},[60,127887,122],{"class":74},[60,127889,34642],{"class":118},[60,127891,315],{"class":74},[60,127893,127894,127896,127898,127900,127902,127904,127906,127908,127910,127912],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,127895,135],{"class":134},[60,127897,122],{"class":74},[60,127899,34642],{"class":118},[60,127901,115],{"class":74},[60,127903,126221],{"class":118},[60,127905,122],{"class":74},[60,127907,3261],{"class":255},[60,127909,126228],{"class":259},[60,127911,3261],{"class":255},[60,127913,315],{"class":74},[60,127915,127916,127918,127920,127922,127924,127926,127928,127930,127932,127934,127936,127938],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,127917,135],{"class":134},[60,127919,122],{"class":74},[60,127921,34642],{"class":118},[60,127923,115],{"class":74},[60,127925,8576],{"class":118},[60,127927,8573],{"class":74},[60,127929,126221],{"class":118},[60,127931,122],{"class":74},[60,127933,3261],{"class":255},[60,127935,126228],{"class":259},[60,127937,3261],{"class":255},[60,127939,315],{"class":74},[60,127941,127942,127944,127946,127948,127950,127952],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,127943,135],{"class":134},[60,127945,122],{"class":74},[60,127947,1657],{"class":1656},[60,127949,122],{"class":74},[60,127951,34642],{"class":118},[60,127953,315],{"class":74},[46,127955,1773],{"id":1772},[553,127957,1777,127959,127961],{"id":127958},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,127960,126173],{}," change the string?",[20,127963,127964,127965,1460,127967,115],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,127966,547],{},[15,127968,1463],{},[553,127970,1796,127972,127974],{"id":127971},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,127973,126173],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,127976,127977,127978,115],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,127979,127980],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[553,127982,1806,127984,124451],{"id":127983},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,127985,126173],{},[20,127987,127988,127989,1460,127991,127994],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,127990,123845],{},[15,127992,127993],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[553,127996,5126,127998,544,128000,1435],{"id":127997},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,127999,126173],{},[15,128001,124110],{},[20,128003,128004,128006,128007,128009],{},[15,128005,126173],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,128008,124110],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[46,128011,1842],{"id":1841},[30,128013,128014,128020,128026,128030,128034],{},[33,128015,128016],{},[260,128017,126115,128018,1869],{"href":127480},[15,128019,127483],{},[33,128021,128022],{},[260,128023,126115,128024,1869],{"href":123842},[15,128025,123845],{},[33,128027,128028],{},[260,128029,124514],{"href":123370},[33,128031,128032],{},[260,128033,124521],{"href":124283},[33,128035,128036],{},[260,128037,124870],{"href":50904},[1885,128039,128040],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":128042},[128043,128044,128046,128047,128052,128053,128059,128060,128061,128069,128079],{"id":1971,"depth":104,"text":1972},{"id":126281,"depth":104,"text":128045},"What endswith() does",{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199},{"id":126496,"depth":104,"text":126497,"children":128048},[128049,128050,128051],{"id":126410,"depth":131,"text":126410},{"id":36008,"depth":131,"text":36008},{"id":52587,"depth":131,"text":52587},{"id":17353,"depth":104,"text":17354},{"id":126909,"depth":104,"text":126910,"children":128054},[128055,128056,128057,128058],{"id":126913,"depth":131,"text":126914},{"id":126967,"depth":131,"text":126968},{"id":127024,"depth":131,"text":127025},{"id":127078,"depth":131,"text":127079},{"id":123761,"depth":104,"text":123762},{"id":127312,"depth":104,"text":127313},{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351,"children":128062},[128063,128064,128065,128067],{"id":127492,"depth":131,"text":127493},{"id":127570,"depth":131,"text":127571},{"id":127667,"depth":131,"text":128066},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127755,"depth":131,"text":128068},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":128070},[128071,128073,128075,128077],{"id":127958,"depth":131,"text":128072},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":127971,"depth":131,"text":128074},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":127983,"depth":131,"text":128076},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":127997,"depth":131,"text":128078},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126165,"description":128080},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128087,"title":128088,"body":128089,"description":129757,"extension":1930,"meta":129758,"navigation":421,"path":129759,"seo":129760,"stem":129761,"__hash__":129762},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128090,"toc":129730},[128091,128096,128101,128106,128111,128204,128214,128219,128224,128239,128241,128323,128331,128333,128335,128362,128364,128380,128387,128389,128497,128499,128504,128520,128522,128617,128625,128628,128634,128639,128644,128651,128790,128793,128806,128808,128812,128819,128889,128892,128941,128948,128955,128969,128974,128979,129025,129071,129087,129089,129094,129108,129111,129233,129238,129240,129245,129278,129281,129357,129359,129368,129382,129385,129469,129472,129583,129586,129614,129616,129623,129627,129633,129636,129642,129645,129652,129663,129669,129676,129678,129727],[10,128092,123115,128094,18],{"id":128093},"python-string-find-method",[15,128095,124110],{},[20,128097,123120,128098,128100],{},[15,128099,124110],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,128102,128103,128104,115],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,128105,65614],{},[20,128107,150,128108,128110],{},[15,128109,124110],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[51,128112,128114],{"className":53,"code":128113,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,128115,128116,128128,128151,128164,128168,128191],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,128117,128118,128120,128122,128124,128126],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,128119,34621],{"class":66},[60,128121,71],{"class":70},[60,128123,267],{"class":255},[60,128125,60165],{"class":259},[60,128127,3320],{"class":255},[60,128129,128130,128132,128134,128136,128138,128141,128143,128145,128147,128149],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,128131,64679],{"class":66},[60,128133,71],{"class":70},[60,128135,42773],{"class":66},[60,128137,115],{"class":74},[60,128139,128140],{"class":118},"find",[60,128142,122],{"class":74},[60,128144,256],{"class":255},[60,128146,60350],{"class":259},[60,128148,256],{"class":255},[60,128150,128],{"class":74},[60,128152,128153,128155,128157,128159,128161],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,128154,135],{"class":134},[60,128156,122],{"class":74},[60,128158,64706],{"class":118},[60,128160,143],{"class":74},[60,128162,128163],{"class":146},"   # 6\n",[60,128165,128166],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,128167,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,128169,128170,128173,128175,128177,128179,128181,128183,128185,128187,128189],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,128171,128172],{"class":66},"missing ",[60,128174,71],{"class":70},[60,128176,42773],{"class":66},[60,128178,115],{"class":74},[60,128180,128140],{"class":118},[60,128182,122],{"class":74},[60,128184,256],{"class":255},[60,128186,55],{"class":259},[60,128188,256],{"class":255},[60,128190,128],{"class":74},[60,128192,128193,128195,128197,128199,128201],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,128194,135],{"class":134},[60,128196,122],{"class":74},[60,128198,26706],{"class":118},[60,128200,143],{"class":74},[60,128202,128203],{"class":146},"    # -1\n",[43512,128205,128206],{},[20,128207,150,128208,128210,128211,128213],{},[15,128209,124110],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,128212,65614],{}," if the substring is not found.",[46,128215,158,128217,161],{"id":128216},"what-find-does",[15,128218,124110],{},[20,128220,128221,128223],{},[15,128222,124110],{}," is a string method that:",[30,128225,128226,128229,128232,128237],{},[33,128227,128228],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[33,128230,128231],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[33,128233,11359,128234,128236],{},[15,128235,65614],{}," if no match is found",[33,128238,126301],{},[20,128240,238],{},[51,128242,128244],{"className":53,"code":128243,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,128245,128246,128258,128262,128286,128310],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,128247,128248,128250,128252,128254,128256],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,128249,34621],{"class":66},[60,128251,71],{"class":70},[60,128253,267],{"class":255},[60,128255,1392],{"class":259},[60,128257,3320],{"class":255},[60,128259,128260],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,128261,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,128263,128264,128266,128268,128270,128272,128274,128276,128278,128280,128282,128284],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,128265,135],{"class":134},[60,128267,122],{"class":74},[60,128269,34642],{"class":118},[60,128271,115],{"class":74},[60,128273,128140],{"class":118},[60,128275,122],{"class":74},[60,128277,256],{"class":255},[60,128279,123208],{"class":259},[60,128281,256],{"class":255},[60,128283,446],{"class":74},[60,128285,449],{"class":146},[60,128287,128288,128290,128292,128294,128296,128298,128300,128302,128304,128306,128308],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,128289,135],{"class":134},[60,128291,122],{"class":74},[60,128293,34642],{"class":118},[60,128295,115],{"class":74},[60,128297,128140],{"class":118},[60,128299,122],{"class":74},[60,128301,256],{"class":255},[60,128303,2139],{"class":259},[60,128305,256],{"class":255},[60,128307,446],{"class":74},[60,128309,128203],{"class":146},[60,128311,128312,128314,128316,128318,128320],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,128313,135],{"class":134},[60,128315,122],{"class":74},[60,128317,34642],{"class":118},[60,128319,143],{"class":74},[60,128321,128322],{"class":146},"              # banana\n",[20,128324,20704,128325,128328,128329,115],{},[15,128326,128327],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,128330,125],{},[46,128332,199],{"id":198},[20,128334,202],{},[51,128336,128338],{"className":53,"code":128337,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,128339,128340],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,128341,128342,128344,128346,128348,128350,128352,128354,128356,128358,128360],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,128343,60933],{"class":66},[60,128345,115],{"class":74},[60,128347,128140],{"class":118},[60,128349,122],{"class":74},[60,128351,221],{"class":118},[60,128353,82],{"class":74},[60,128355,35987],{"class":118},[60,128357,82],{"class":74},[60,128359,64800],{"class":118},[60,128361,128],{"class":74},[553,128363,17330],{"id":17329},[30,128365,128366,128370,128375],{},[33,128367,128368,123307],{},[15,128369,221],{},[33,128371,128372,128374],{},[15,128373,36008],{},": optional starting position",[33,128376,128377,128379],{},[15,128378,52587],{},": optional ending position",[20,128381,128382,544,128384,128386],{},[15,128383,36008],{},[15,128385,52587],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,128388,126444],{},[51,128390,128392],{"className":53,"code":128391,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,128393,128394,128406,128410,128435,128464],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,128395,128396,128398,128400,128402,128404],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,128397,34621],{"class":66},[60,128399,71],{"class":70},[60,128401,267],{"class":255},[60,128403,60165],{"class":259},[60,128405,3320],{"class":255},[60,128407,128408],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,128409,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,128411,128412,128414,128416,128418,128420,128422,128424,128426,128428,128430,128432],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,128413,135],{"class":134},[60,128415,122],{"class":74},[60,128417,34642],{"class":118},[60,128419,115],{"class":74},[60,128421,128140],{"class":118},[60,128423,122],{"class":74},[60,128425,256],{"class":255},[60,128427,60232],{"class":259},[60,128429,256],{"class":255},[60,128431,446],{"class":74},[60,128433,128434],{"class":146},"        # 4\n",[60,128436,128437,128439,128441,128443,128445,128447,128449,128451,128453,128455,128457,128459,128461],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,128438,135],{"class":134},[60,128440,122],{"class":74},[60,128442,34642],{"class":118},[60,128444,115],{"class":74},[60,128446,128140],{"class":118},[60,128448,122],{"class":74},[60,128450,256],{"class":255},[60,128452,60232],{"class":259},[60,128454,256],{"class":255},[60,128456,82],{"class":74},[60,128458,4555],{"class":78},[60,128460,446],{"class":74},[60,128462,128463],{"class":146},"     # 7\n",[60,128465,128466,128468,128470,128472,128474,128476,128478,128480,128482,128484,128486,128488,128490,128492,128494],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,128467,135],{"class":134},[60,128469,122],{"class":74},[60,128471,34642],{"class":118},[60,128473,115],{"class":74},[60,128475,128140],{"class":118},[60,128477,122],{"class":74},[60,128479,256],{"class":255},[60,128481,60232],{"class":259},[60,128483,256],{"class":255},[60,128485,82],{"class":74},[60,128487,4555],{"class":78},[60,128489,82],{"class":74},[60,128491,5938],{"class":78},[60,128493,446],{"class":74},[60,128495,128496],{"class":146},"  # -1\n",[46,128498,336],{"id":335},[20,128500,339,128501,128503],{},[15,128502,124110],{}," is always an integer.",[30,128505,128506,128512,128515],{},[33,128507,128508,128509,128511],{},"A number ",[15,128510,195],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[33,128513,128514],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[33,128516,128517,128519],{},[15,128518,65614],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,128521,238],{},[51,128523,128525],{"className":53,"code":128524,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,128526,128527,128539,128543,128568,128593],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,128528,128529,128531,128533,128535,128537],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,128530,34621],{"class":66},[60,128532,71],{"class":70},[60,128534,267],{"class":255},[60,128536,55],{"class":259},[60,128538,3320],{"class":255},[60,128540,128541],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,128542,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,128544,128545,128547,128549,128551,128553,128555,128557,128559,128562,128564,128566],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,128546,135],{"class":134},[60,128548,122],{"class":74},[60,128550,34642],{"class":118},[60,128552,115],{"class":74},[60,128554,128140],{"class":118},[60,128556,122],{"class":74},[60,128558,256],{"class":255},[60,128560,128561],{"class":259},"py",[60,128563,256],{"class":255},[60,128565,446],{"class":74},[60,128567,20701],{"class":146},[60,128569,128570,128572,128574,128576,128578,128580,128582,128584,128587,128589,128591],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,128571,135],{"class":134},[60,128573,122],{"class":74},[60,128575,34642],{"class":118},[60,128577,115],{"class":74},[60,128579,128140],{"class":118},[60,128581,122],{"class":74},[60,128583,256],{"class":255},[60,128585,128586],{"class":259},"th",[60,128588,256],{"class":255},[60,128590,446],{"class":74},[60,128592,449],{"class":146},[60,128594,128595,128597,128599,128601,128603,128605,128607,128609,128611,128613,128615],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,128596,135],{"class":134},[60,128598,122],{"class":74},[60,128600,34642],{"class":118},[60,128602,115],{"class":74},[60,128604,128140],{"class":118},[60,128606,122],{"class":74},[60,128608,256],{"class":255},[60,128610,22010],{"class":259},[60,128612,256],{"class":255},[60,128614,446],{"class":74},[60,128616,128203],{"class":146},[20,128618,89670,128619,1457,128621,1460,128623,115],{},[15,128620,124110],{},[15,128622,547],{},[15,128624,1463],{},[20,128626,128627],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[46,128629,8356,128630,544,128632],{"id":65166},[15,128631,36008],{},[15,128633,52587],{},[20,128635,150,128636,128638],{},[15,128637,36008],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,128640,150,128641,128643],{},[15,128642,52587],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,128645,1947,128646,75222,128648,128650],{},[15,128647,52587],{},[3698,128649,64829],{}," in the search.",[51,128652,128654],{"className":53,"code":128653,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,128655,128656,128669,128673,128697,128726,128758],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,128657,128658,128660,128662,128664,128667],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,128659,34621],{"class":66},[60,128661,71],{"class":70},[60,128663,267],{"class":255},[60,128665,128666],{"class":259},"one two three two",[60,128668,3320],{"class":255},[60,128670,128671],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,128672,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,128674,128675,128677,128679,128681,128683,128685,128687,128689,128691,128693,128695],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,128676,135],{"class":134},[60,128678,122],{"class":74},[60,128680,34642],{"class":118},[60,128682,115],{"class":74},[60,128684,128140],{"class":118},[60,128686,122],{"class":74},[60,128688,256],{"class":255},[60,128690,79031],{"class":259},[60,128692,256],{"class":255},[60,128694,446],{"class":74},[60,128696,128434],{"class":146},[60,128698,128699,128701,128703,128705,128707,128709,128711,128713,128715,128717,128719,128721,128723],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,128700,135],{"class":134},[60,128702,122],{"class":74},[60,128704,34642],{"class":118},[60,128706,115],{"class":74},[60,128708,128140],{"class":118},[60,128710,122],{"class":74},[60,128712,256],{"class":255},[60,128714,79031],{"class":259},[60,128716,256],{"class":255},[60,128718,82],{"class":74},[60,128720,4555],{"class":78},[60,128722,446],{"class":74},[60,128724,128725],{"class":146},"     # 14\n",[60,128727,128728,128730,128732,128734,128736,128738,128740,128742,128744,128746,128748,128750,128752,128754,128756],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,128729,135],{"class":134},[60,128731,122],{"class":74},[60,128733,34642],{"class":118},[60,128735,115],{"class":74},[60,128737,128140],{"class":118},[60,128739,122],{"class":74},[60,128741,256],{"class":255},[60,128743,79031],{"class":259},[60,128745,256],{"class":255},[60,128747,82],{"class":74},[60,128749,3789],{"class":78},[60,128751,82],{"class":74},[60,128753,5938],{"class":78},[60,128755,446],{"class":74},[60,128757,50864],{"class":146},[60,128759,128760,128762,128764,128766,128768,128770,128772,128774,128776,128778,128780,128782,128784,128786,128788],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,128761,135],{"class":134},[60,128763,122],{"class":74},[60,128765,34642],{"class":118},[60,128767,115],{"class":74},[60,128769,128140],{"class":118},[60,128771,122],{"class":74},[60,128773,256],{"class":255},[60,128775,79031],{"class":259},[60,128777,256],{"class":255},[60,128779,82],{"class":74},[60,128781,3789],{"class":78},[60,128783,82],{"class":74},[60,128785,800],{"class":78},[60,128787,446],{"class":74},[60,128789,128496],{"class":146},[20,128791,128792],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,128794,128795,128796,54992,128800,115],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[260,128797,128799],{"href":128798},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[260,128801,128803,128805],{"href":128802},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,128804,60290],{}," string method",[46,128807,123762],{"id":123761},[20,128809,128810,123573],{},[15,128811,124110],{},[20,128813,127160,128814,544,128816,128818],{},[15,128815,90178],{},[15,128817,64294],{}," are treated as different text.",[51,128820,128822],{"className":53,"code":128821,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,128823,128824,128837,128841,128865],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,128825,128826,128828,128830,128832,128835],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,128827,34621],{"class":66},[60,128829,71],{"class":70},[60,128831,267],{"class":255},[60,128833,128834],{"class":259},"Hello World",[60,128836,3320],{"class":255},[60,128838,128839],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,128840,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,128842,128843,128845,128847,128849,128851,128853,128855,128857,128859,128861,128863],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,128844,135],{"class":134},[60,128846,122],{"class":74},[60,128848,34642],{"class":118},[60,128850,115],{"class":74},[60,128852,128140],{"class":118},[60,128854,122],{"class":74},[60,128856,256],{"class":255},[60,128858,34801],{"class":259},[60,128860,256],{"class":255},[60,128862,446],{"class":74},[60,128864,1429],{"class":146},[60,128866,128867,128869,128871,128873,128875,128877,128879,128881,128883,128885,128887],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,128868,135],{"class":134},[60,128870,122],{"class":74},[60,128872,34642],{"class":118},[60,128874,115],{"class":74},[60,128876,128140],{"class":118},[60,128878,122],{"class":74},[60,128880,256],{"class":255},[60,128882,3801],{"class":259},[60,128884,256],{"class":255},[60,128886,446],{"class":74},[60,128888,128496],{"class":146},[20,128890,128891],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[51,128893,128895],{"className":53,"code":128894,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,128896,128897,128909,128913],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,128898,128899,128901,128903,128905,128907],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,128900,34621],{"class":66},[60,128902,71],{"class":70},[60,128904,267],{"class":255},[60,128906,128834],{"class":259},[60,128908,3320],{"class":255},[60,128910,128911],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,128912,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,128914,128915,128917,128919,128921,128923,128925,128927,128929,128931,128933,128935,128937,128939],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,128916,135],{"class":134},[60,128918,122],{"class":74},[60,128920,34642],{"class":118},[60,128922,115],{"class":74},[60,128924,8576],{"class":118},[60,128926,8573],{"class":74},[60,128928,128140],{"class":118},[60,128930,122],{"class":74},[60,128932,256],{"class":255},[60,128934,3801],{"class":259},[60,128936,256],{"class":255},[60,128938,446],{"class":74},[60,128940,1429],{"class":146},[46,128942,128944,10521,128946],{"id":128943},"find-vs-index",[15,128945,124110],{},[15,128947,1868],{},[20,128949,128950,544,128952,128954],{},[15,128951,124110],{},[15,128953,1868],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[30,128956,128957,128963],{},[33,128958,128959,2361,128961],{},[15,128960,124110],{},[15,128962,65614],{},[33,128964,128965,52421,128967],{},[15,128966,1868],{},[15,128968,40638],{},[20,128970,150,128971,128973],{},[15,128972,124110],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,128975,150,128976,128978],{},[15,128977,1868],{}," when the value must exist.",[51,128980,128982],{"className":53,"code":128981,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,128983,128984,128996,129000],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,128985,128986,128988,128990,128992,128994],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,128987,34621],{"class":66},[60,128989,71],{"class":70},[60,128991,267],{"class":255},[60,128993,3801],{"class":259},[60,128995,3320],{"class":255},[60,128997,128998],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,128999,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,129001,129002,129004,129006,129008,129010,129012,129014,129016,129018,129020,129022],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,129003,135],{"class":134},[60,129005,122],{"class":74},[60,129007,34642],{"class":118},[60,129009,115],{"class":74},[60,129011,128140],{"class":118},[60,129013,122],{"class":74},[60,129015,256],{"class":255},[60,129017,2139],{"class":259},[60,129019,256],{"class":255},[60,129021,446],{"class":74},[60,129023,129024],{"class":146},"   # -1\n",[51,129026,129028],{"className":53,"code":129027,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,129029,129030,129042,129046],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,129031,129032,129034,129036,129038,129040],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,129033,34621],{"class":66},[60,129035,71],{"class":70},[60,129037,267],{"class":255},[60,129039,3801],{"class":259},[60,129041,3320],{"class":255},[60,129043,129044],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,129045,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,129047,129048,129050,129052,129054,129056,129058,129060,129062,129064,129066,129068],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,129049,135],{"class":134},[60,129051,122],{"class":74},[60,129053,34642],{"class":118},[60,129055,115],{"class":74},[60,129057,35781],{"class":118},[60,129059,122],{"class":74},[60,129061,256],{"class":255},[60,129063,2139],{"class":259},[60,129065,256],{"class":255},[60,129067,446],{"class":74},[60,129069,129070],{"class":146},"  # ValueError\n",[20,129072,129073,129074,129078,129079,129081,129082,115],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[260,129075,129076,128805],{"href":124135},[15,129077,1868],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,129080,1868],{},", read ",[260,129083,25612,129084],{"href":73242},[15,129085,129086],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[46,129088,40980],{"id":40979},[20,129090,35340,129091,129093],{},[15,129092,124110],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[30,129095,129096,129099,129102,129105],{},[33,129097,129098],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[33,129100,129101],{},"Get the position of a word",[33,129103,129104],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[33,129106,129107],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,129109,129110],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[51,129112,129114],{"className":53,"code":129113,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,129115,129116,129129,129152,129156,129171,129187,129206,129220],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,129117,129118,129120,129122,129124,129127],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,129119,34621],{"class":66},[60,129121,71],{"class":70},[60,129123,267],{"class":255},[60,129125,129126],{"class":259},"name:Alice",[60,129128,3320],{"class":255},[60,129130,129131,129134,129136,129138,129140,129142,129144,129146,129148,129150],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,129132,129133],{"class":66},"colon_pos ",[60,129135,71],{"class":70},[60,129137,42773],{"class":66},[60,129139,115],{"class":74},[60,129141,128140],{"class":118},[60,129143,122],{"class":74},[60,129145,256],{"class":255},[60,129147,166],{"class":259},[60,129149,256],{"class":255},[60,129151,128],{"class":74},[60,129153,129154],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,129155,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,129157,129158,129160,129163,129165,129167,129169],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,129159,6939],{"class":1537},[60,129161,129162],{"class":66}," colon_pos ",[60,129164,72352],{"class":70},[60,129166,2187],{"class":70},[60,129168,79],{"class":78},[60,129170,1712],{"class":74},[60,129172,129173,129176,129178,129180,129182,129185],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,129174,129175],{"class":66},"    label ",[60,129177,71],{"class":70},[60,129179,42773],{"class":66},[60,129181,75295],{"class":74},[60,129183,129184],{"class":66},"colon_pos",[60,129186,101],{"class":74},[60,129188,129189,129191,129193,129195,129197,129199,129201,129203],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,129190,27334],{"class":66},[60,129192,71],{"class":70},[60,129194,42773],{"class":66},[60,129196,3854],{"class":74},[60,129198,129133],{"class":66},[60,129200,2028],{"class":70},[60,129202,695],{"class":78},[60,129204,129205],{"class":74},":]\n",[60,129207,129208,129210,129212,129215,129217],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,129209,1718],{"class":134},[60,129211,122],{"class":74},[60,129213,129214],{"class":118},"label",[60,129216,143],{"class":74},[60,129218,129219],{"class":146},"  # name\n",[60,129221,129222,129224,129226,129228,129230],{"class":62,"line":6367},[60,129223,1718],{"class":134},[60,129225,122],{"class":74},[60,129227,221],{"class":118},[60,129229,143],{"class":74},[60,129231,129232],{"class":146},"  # Alice\n",[20,129234,129235,129236,115],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[260,129237,127151],{"href":123370},[46,129239,1351],{"id":1350},[20,129241,129242,129243,166],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,129244,124110],{},[30,129246,129247,129256,129262,129267,129273],{},[33,129248,1454,129249,1457,129251,1460,129253,129255],{},[15,129250,124110],{},[15,129252,547],{},[15,129254,1463],{}," instead of an index",[33,129257,129258,129259,129261],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,129260,65614],{}," when the substring is missing",[33,129263,8356,129264,129266],{},[15,129265,124110],{}," without handling case differences",[33,129268,37138,129269,8640,129271],{},[15,129270,124110],{},[15,129272,1868],{},[33,129274,4529,129275,129277],{},[15,129276,124110],{}," changes the string",[20,129279,129280],{},"Example of a mistake:",[51,129282,129284],{"className":53,"code":129283,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129285,129286,129298,129302,129322,129337,129343],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,129287,129288,129290,129292,129294,129296],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,129289,34621],{"class":66},[60,129291,71],{"class":70},[60,129293,267],{"class":255},[60,129295,3801],{"class":259},[60,129297,3320],{"class":255},[60,129299,129300],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,129301,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,129303,129304,129306,129308,129310,129312,129314,129316,129318,129320],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,129305,6939],{"class":1537},[60,129307,42773],{"class":66},[60,129309,115],{"class":74},[60,129311,128140],{"class":118},[60,129313,122],{"class":74},[60,129315,256],{"class":255},[60,129317,60197],{"class":259},[60,129319,256],{"class":255},[60,129321,8281],{"class":74},[60,129323,129324,129326,129328,129330,129333,129335],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,129325,1718],{"class":134},[60,129327,122],{"class":74},[60,129329,256],{"class":255},[60,129331,129332],{"class":259},"Found",[60,129334,256],{"class":255},[60,129336,128],{"class":74},[60,129338,129339,129341],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,129340,27367],{"class":1537},[60,129342,1712],{"class":74},[60,129344,129345,129347,129349,129351,129353,129355],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,129346,1718],{"class":134},[60,129348,122],{"class":74},[60,129350,256],{"class":255},[60,129352,26248],{"class":259},[60,129354,256],{"class":255},[60,129356,128],{"class":74},[20,129358,99676],{},[51,129360,129362],{"className":53,"code":129361,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Not found\n",[15,129363,129364],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,129365,129366],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,129367,129361],{"class":66},[20,129369,45635,129370,129373,129374,17007,129376,129378,129379,129381],{},[15,129371,129372],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,129375,195],{},[15,129377,195],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,129380,6939],{}," statement.",[20,129383,129384],{},"A safer version is:",[51,129386,129388],{"className":53,"code":129387,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129389,129390,129402,129406,129435,129449,129455],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,129391,129392,129394,129396,129398,129400],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,129393,34621],{"class":66},[60,129395,71],{"class":70},[60,129397,267],{"class":255},[60,129399,3801],{"class":259},[60,129401,3320],{"class":255},[60,129403,129404],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,129405,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,129407,129408,129410,129412,129414,129416,129418,129420,129422,129424,129426,129429,129431,129433],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,129409,6939],{"class":1537},[60,129411,42773],{"class":66},[60,129413,115],{"class":74},[60,129415,128140],{"class":118},[60,129417,122],{"class":74},[60,129419,256],{"class":255},[60,129421,60197],{"class":259},[60,129423,256],{"class":255},[60,129425,143],{"class":74},[60,129427,129428],{"class":70}," !=",[60,129430,2187],{"class":70},[60,129432,79],{"class":78},[60,129434,1712],{"class":74},[60,129436,129437,129439,129441,129443,129445,129447],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,129438,1718],{"class":134},[60,129440,122],{"class":74},[60,129442,256],{"class":255},[60,129444,129332],{"class":259},[60,129446,256],{"class":255},[60,129448,128],{"class":74},[60,129450,129451,129453],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,129452,27367],{"class":1537},[60,129454,1712],{"class":74},[60,129456,129457,129459,129461,129463,129465,129467],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,129458,1718],{"class":134},[60,129460,122],{"class":74},[60,129462,256],{"class":255},[60,129464,26248],{"class":259},[60,129466,256],{"class":255},[60,129468,128],{"class":74},[20,129470,129471],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[51,129473,129475],{"className":53,"code":129474,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,129476,129477,129499,129513,129539,129553],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,129478,129479,129481,129483,129485,129487,129489,129491,129493,129495,129497],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,129480,135],{"class":134},[60,129482,122],{"class":74},[60,129484,34642],{"class":118},[60,129486,115],{"class":74},[60,129488,128140],{"class":118},[60,129490,122],{"class":74},[60,129492,3261],{"class":255},[60,129494,38324],{"class":259},[60,129496,3261],{"class":255},[60,129498,315],{"class":74},[60,129500,129501,129503,129505,129507,129509,129511],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,129502,135],{"class":134},[60,129504,122],{"class":74},[60,129506,1723],{"class":134},[60,129508,122],{"class":74},[60,129510,34642],{"class":118},[60,129512,315],{"class":74},[60,129514,129515,129517,129519,129521,129523,129525,129527,129529,129531,129533,129535,129537],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,129516,135],{"class":134},[60,129518,122],{"class":74},[60,129520,34642],{"class":118},[60,129522,115],{"class":74},[60,129524,8576],{"class":118},[60,129526,8573],{"class":74},[60,129528,128140],{"class":118},[60,129530,122],{"class":74},[60,129532,3261],{"class":255},[60,129534,38324],{"class":259},[60,129536,3261],{"class":255},[60,129538,315],{"class":74},[60,129540,129541,129543,129545,129547,129549,129551],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,129542,135],{"class":134},[60,129544,122],{"class":74},[60,129546,11097],{"class":134},[60,129548,122],{"class":74},[60,129550,34642],{"class":118},[60,129552,315],{"class":74},[60,129554,129555,129557,129559,129561,129563,129565,129567,129569,129571,129573,129575,129577,129579,129581],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,129556,135],{"class":134},[60,129558,122],{"class":74},[60,129560,34642],{"class":118},[60,129562,115],{"class":74},[60,129564,128140],{"class":118},[60,129566,122],{"class":74},[60,129568,3261],{"class":255},[60,129570,38324],{"class":259},[60,129572,3261],{"class":255},[60,129574,82],{"class":74},[60,129576,35987],{"class":118},[60,129578,82],{"class":74},[60,129580,64800],{"class":118},[60,129582,315],{"class":74},[20,129584,129585],{},"These help you check:",[30,129587,129588,129593,129598,129603,129606],{},[33,129589,129590,129591],{},"The actual result from ",[15,129592,124110],{},[33,129594,129595,129596],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,129597,122329],{},[33,129599,129600,129601],{},"Case differences with ",[15,129602,123845],{},[33,129604,129605],{},"The string length",[33,129607,129608,129609,544,129611,129613],{},"Whether your ",[15,129610,36008],{},[15,129612,52587],{}," values are correct",[46,129615,1773],{"id":1772},[553,129617,129619,129620,129622],{"id":129618},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,129621,124110],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,129624,5096,129625,115],{},[15,129626,65614],{},[553,129628,1777,129630,129632],{"id":129629},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,129631,124110],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,129634,129635],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[553,129637,129639,129640,124451],{"id":129638},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,129641,124110],{},[20,129643,129644],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[553,129646,5126,129648,544,129650,69415],{"id":129647},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,129649,124110],{},[15,129651,1868],{},[20,129653,129654,2361,129656,129658,129659,52421,129661,115],{},[15,129655,124110],{},[15,129657,65614],{}," if not found, while ",[15,129660,1868],{},[15,129662,40638],{},[553,129664,28261,129666,129668],{"id":129665},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,129667,124110],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,129670,129671,129672,544,129674,65913],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,129673,36008],{},[15,129675,52587],{},[46,129677,1842],{"id":1841},[30,129679,129680,129686,129692,129699,129705,129712,129716,129721],{},[33,129681,129682],{},[260,129683,126115,129684,1869],{"href":124135},[15,129685,1868],{},[33,129687,129688],{},[260,129689,126115,129690,1869],{"href":128802},[15,129691,60290],{},[33,129693,129694],{},[260,129695,126115,129697,1869],{"href":129696},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,129698,124286],{},[33,129700,129701],{},[260,129702,126115,129703,1869],{"href":127480},[15,129704,127483],{},[33,129706,129707],{},[260,129708,126115,129710,1869],{"href":129709},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,129711,126173],{},[33,129713,129714],{},[260,129715,124514],{"href":123370},[33,129717,129718],{},[260,129719,129720],{"href":128798},"How to split a string in Python",[33,129722,129723],{},[260,129724,26055,129725],{"href":73242},[15,129726,129086],{},[1885,129728,129729],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":129731},[129732,129734,129737,129738,129739,129740,129742,129743,129744,129756],{"id":128216,"depth":104,"text":129733},"What find() does",{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199,"children":129735},[129736],{"id":17329,"depth":131,"text":17330},{"id":335,"depth":104,"text":336},{"id":65166,"depth":104,"text":65949},{"id":123761,"depth":104,"text":123762},{"id":128943,"depth":104,"text":129741},"find() vs index()",{"id":40979,"depth":104,"text":40980},{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":129745},[129746,129748,129750,129752,129754],{"id":129618,"depth":131,"text":129747},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129629,"depth":131,"text":129749},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129638,"depth":131,"text":129751},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129647,"depth":131,"text":129753},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129665,"depth":131,"text":129755},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128088,"description":129757},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129764,"title":129765,"body":129766,"description":131692,"extension":1930,"meta":131693,"navigation":421,"path":131694,"seo":131695,"stem":131696,"__hash__":131697},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129767,"toc":131660},[129768,129773,129778,129781,129783,129859,129863,129891,129899,129903,129908,129912,129929,129931,129998,130002,130024,130032,130034,130037,130061,130064,130078,130080,130165,130169,130181,130184,130188,130194,130244,130248,130265,130274,130277,130285,130288,130337,130341,130366,130369,130424,130428,130440,130446,130450,130456,130461,130528,130532,130558,130561,130572,130574,130641,130645,130670,130677,130681,130686,130693,130701,130703,130755,130759,130777,130779,130824,130828,130843,130846,130856,130863,130865,130869,130872,130883,130885,130945,130949,130977,130980,130986,130991,130994,130998,131042,131045,131083,131086,131094,131096,131101,131105,131108,131156,131159,131162,131218,131222,131227,131230,131279,131281,131330,131336,131341,131343,131390,131394,131407,131409,131460,131466,131469,131473,131476,131482,131487,131489,131492,131564,131567,131584,131586,131591,131594,131598,131604,131610,131617,131623,131629,131631,131657],[10,129769,123115,129771,18],{"id":129770},"python-string-format-method",[15,129772,126118],{},[20,129774,123120,129775,129777],{},[15,129776,126118],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,129779,129780],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[46,129782,1972],{"id":1971},[51,129784,129786],{"className":53,"code":129785,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,129787,129788,129800,129808,129812,129849],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,129789,129790,129792,129794,129796,129798],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,129791,7816],{"class":66},[60,129793,71],{"class":70},[60,129795,267],{"class":255},[60,129797,11445],{"class":259},[60,129799,3320],{"class":255},[60,129801,129802,129804,129806],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,129803,21561],{"class":66},[60,129805,71],{"class":70},[60,129807,88559],{"class":78},[60,129809,129810],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,129811,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,129813,129814,129816,129818,129820,129823,129825,129828,129830,129832,129834,129836,129839,129841,129843,129845,129847],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,129815,89767],{"class":66},[60,129817,71],{"class":70},[60,129819,267],{"class":255},[60,129821,129822],{"class":259},"My name is ",[60,129824,3748],{"class":78},[60,129826,129827],{"class":259}," and I am ",[60,129829,3748],{"class":78},[60,129831,122111],{"class":259},[60,129833,256],{"class":255},[60,129835,115],{"class":74},[60,129837,129838],{"class":118},"format",[60,129840,122],{"class":74},[60,129842,7611],{"class":118},[60,129844,82],{"class":74},[60,129846,9123],{"class":118},[60,129848,128],{"class":74},[60,129850,129851,129853,129855,129857],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,129852,135],{"class":134},[60,129854,122],{"class":74},[60,129856,89784],{"class":118},[60,129858,128],{"class":74},[20,129860,129861],{},[3698,129862,318],{},[51,129864,129866],{"className":53,"code":129865,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,129867,129868],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,129869,129870,129873,129875,129878,129881,129884,129887,129889],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,129871,129872],{"class":66},"My name ",[60,129874,12130],{"class":70},[60,129876,129877],{"class":66}," Maya ",[60,129879,129880],{"class":70},"and",[60,129882,129883],{"class":66}," I am ",[60,129885,129886],{"class":78},"12",[60,129888,122144],{"class":66},[60,129890,122147],{"class":74},[20,129892,150,129893,129895,129896,129898],{},[15,129894,3748],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,129897,126118],{}," in the same order.",[20,129900,124867,129901,115],{},[260,129902,124870],{"href":50904},[46,129904,12933,129906,12936],{"id":129905},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,129907,126118],{},[20,129909,1947,129910,11348],{},[15,129911,126118],{},[30,129913,129914,129917,129923,129926],{},[33,129915,129916],{},"inserts values into a string",[33,129918,129919,129920,129922],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,129921,3748],{}," with given values",[33,129924,129925],{},"returns a new string",[33,129927,129928],{},"does not change the original string",[20,129930,238],{},[51,129932,129934],{"className":53,"code":129933,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,129935,129936,129950,129973,129977,129988],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,129937,129938,129940,129942,129944,129946,129948],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,129939,34621],{"class":66},[60,129941,71],{"class":70},[60,129943,267],{"class":255},[60,129945,44833],{"class":259},[60,129947,3748],{"class":78},[60,129949,3320],{"class":255},[60,129951,129952,129955,129957,129959,129961,129963,129965,129967,129969,129971],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,129953,129954],{"class":66},"new_text ",[60,129956,71],{"class":70},[60,129958,42773],{"class":66},[60,129960,115],{"class":74},[60,129962,129838],{"class":118},[60,129964,122],{"class":74},[60,129966,256],{"class":255},[60,129968,1568],{"class":259},[60,129970,256],{"class":255},[60,129972,128],{"class":74},[60,129974,129975],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,129976,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,129978,129979,129981,129983,129986],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,129980,135],{"class":134},[60,129982,122],{"class":74},[60,129984,129985],{"class":118},"new_text",[60,129987,128],{"class":74},[60,129989,129990,129992,129994,129996],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,129991,135],{"class":134},[60,129993,122],{"class":74},[60,129995,34642],{"class":118},[60,129997,128],{"class":74},[20,129999,130000],{},[3698,130001,318],{},[51,130003,130005],{"className":53,"code":130004,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,130006,130007,130016],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,130008,130009,130011,130013],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,130010,34801],{"class":66},[60,130012,82],{"class":74},[60,130014,130015],{"class":66}," Sam\n",[60,130017,130018,130020,130022],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,130019,34801],{"class":66},[60,130021,82],{"class":74},[60,130023,9773],{"class":74},[20,130025,2250,130026,130028,130029,130031],{},[15,130027,34642],{}," stays the same. ",[15,130030,126118],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[46,130033,199],{"id":198},[20,130035,130036],{},"The general form is:",[51,130038,130040],{"className":53,"code":130039,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,130041,130042],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,130043,130044,130046,130049,130051,130053,130055,130057,130059],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,130045,256],{"class":43260},[60,130047,130048],{"class":43264},"text {}",[60,130050,256],{"class":43260},[60,130052,115],{"class":74},[60,130054,129838],{"class":118},[60,130056,122],{"class":74},[60,130058,221],{"class":118},[60,130060,128],{"class":74},[20,130062,130063],{},"Key idea:",[30,130065,130066,130072,130075],{},[33,130067,130068,130069,130071],{},"each ",[15,130070,3748],{}," is a placeholder",[33,130073,130074],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[33,130076,130077],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,130079,238],{},[51,130081,130083],{"className":53,"code":130082,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,130084,130085,130098,130112,130116,130154],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,130086,130087,130090,130092,130094,130096],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,130088,130089],{"class":66},"animal ",[60,130091,71],{"class":70},[60,130093,267],{"class":255},[60,130095,959],{"class":259},[60,130097,3320],{"class":255},[60,130099,130100,130103,130105,130107,130110],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,130101,130102],{"class":66},"sound ",[60,130104,71],{"class":70},[60,130106,267],{"class":255},[60,130108,130109],{"class":259},"meow",[60,130111,3320],{"class":255},[60,130113,130114],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,130115,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,130117,130118,130121,130123,130125,130127,130129,130132,130134,130136,130138,130140,130142,130144,130147,130149,130152],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,130119,130120],{"class":66},"sentence ",[60,130122,71],{"class":70},[60,130124,267],{"class":255},[60,130126,1947],{"class":259},[60,130128,3748],{"class":78},[60,130130,130131],{"class":259}," says ",[60,130133,3748],{"class":78},[60,130135,115],{"class":259},[60,130137,256],{"class":255},[60,130139,115],{"class":74},[60,130141,129838],{"class":118},[60,130143,122],{"class":74},[60,130145,130146],{"class":118},"animal",[60,130148,82],{"class":74},[60,130150,130151],{"class":118}," sound",[60,130153,128],{"class":74},[60,130155,130156,130158,130160,130163],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,130157,135],{"class":134},[60,130159,122],{"class":74},[60,130161,130162],{"class":118},"sentence",[60,130164,128],{"class":74},[20,130166,130167],{},[3698,130168,318],{},[51,130170,130172],{"className":53,"code":130171,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,130173,130174],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,130175,130176,130179],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,130177,130178],{"class":66},"The cat says meow",[60,130180,122147],{"class":74},[20,130182,130183],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[46,130185,130187],{"id":130186},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,130189,130190,130191,130193],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,130192,3748],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[51,130195,130197],{"className":53,"code":130196,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,130198,130199],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,130200,130201,130203,130205,130207,130210,130212,130214,130216,130218,130220,130222,130224,130226,130228,130231,130233,130235,130237,130240,130242],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,130202,135],{"class":134},[60,130204,122],{"class":74},[60,130206,256],{"class":255},[60,130208,130209],{"class":259},"I like ",[60,130211,3748],{"class":78},[60,130213,544],{"class":259},[60,130215,3748],{"class":78},[60,130217,115],{"class":259},[60,130219,256],{"class":255},[60,130221,115],{"class":74},[60,130223,129838],{"class":118},[60,130225,122],{"class":74},[60,130227,256],{"class":255},[60,130229,130230],{"class":259},"pizza",[60,130232,256],{"class":255},[60,130234,82],{"class":74},[60,130236,267],{"class":255},[60,130238,130239],{"class":259},"pasta",[60,130241,256],{"class":255},[60,130243,315],{"class":74},[20,130245,130246],{},[3698,130247,318],{},[51,130249,130251],{"className":53,"code":130250,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,130252,130253],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,130254,130255,130258,130260,130263],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,130256,130257],{"class":66},"I like pizza ",[60,130259,129880],{"class":70},[60,130261,130262],{"class":66}," pasta",[60,130264,122147],{"class":74},[20,130266,130267,130268,544,130271,115],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,130269,130270],{},"{0}",[15,130272,130273],{},"{1}",[20,130275,130276],{},"This is helpful when:",[30,130278,130279,130282],{},[33,130280,130281],{},"you want to reuse a value",[33,130283,130284],{},"you want to change the order",[20,130286,130287],{},"Example with reused values:",[51,130289,130291],{"className":53,"code":130290,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130292,130293,130327],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,130294,130295,130297,130299,130301,130303,130306,130308,130311,130313,130315,130317,130319,130321,130323,130325],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,130296,34621],{"class":66},[60,130298,71],{"class":70},[60,130300,267],{"class":255},[60,130302,130270],{"class":78},[60,130304,130305],{"class":259}," is learning Python. ",[60,130307,130270],{"class":78},[60,130309,130310],{"class":259}," likes coding.",[60,130312,256],{"class":255},[60,130314,115],{"class":74},[60,130316,129838],{"class":118},[60,130318,122],{"class":74},[60,130320,256],{"class":255},[60,130322,19816],{"class":259},[60,130324,256],{"class":255},[60,130326,128],{"class":74},[60,130328,130329,130331,130333,130335],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,130330,135],{"class":134},[60,130332,122],{"class":74},[60,130334,34642],{"class":118},[60,130336,128],{"class":74},[20,130338,130339],{},[3698,130340,318],{},[51,130342,130344],{"className":53,"code":130343,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,130345,130346],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,130347,130348,130351,130353,130356,130358,130361,130364],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,130349,130350],{"class":66},"Lina ",[60,130352,12130],{"class":70},[60,130354,130355],{"class":66}," learning Python",[60,130357,115],{"class":74},[60,130359,130360],{"class":24682}," Lina",[60,130362,130363],{"class":66}," likes coding",[60,130365,122147],{"class":74},[20,130367,130368],{},"Example with changed order:",[51,130370,130372],{"className":53,"code":130371,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130373,130374,130414],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,130375,130376,130378,130380,130382,130384,130386,130388,130390,130392,130394,130396,130398,130400,130402,130404,130406,130408,130410,130412],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,130377,34621],{"class":66},[60,130379,71],{"class":70},[60,130381,267],{"class":255},[60,130383,130273],{"class":78},[60,130385,83086],{"class":259},[60,130387,130270],{"class":78},[60,130389,115],{"class":259},[60,130391,256],{"class":255},[60,130393,115],{"class":74},[60,130395,129838],{"class":118},[60,130397,122],{"class":74},[60,130399,256],{"class":255},[60,130401,6527],{"class":259},[60,130403,256],{"class":255},[60,130405,82],{"class":74},[60,130407,267],{"class":255},[60,130409,79031],{"class":259},[60,130411,256],{"class":255},[60,130413,128],{"class":74},[60,130415,130416,130418,130420,130422],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,130417,135],{"class":134},[60,130419,122],{"class":74},[60,130421,34642],{"class":118},[60,130423,128],{"class":74},[20,130425,130426],{},[3698,130427,318],{},[51,130429,130431],{"className":53,"code":130430,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"two comes after one.\n",[15,130432,130433],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,130434,130435,130438],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,130436,130437],{"class":66},"two comes after one",[60,130439,122147],{"class":74},[20,130441,130442,130443,130445],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,130444,3748],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[46,130447,130449],{"id":130448},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,130451,130452,130453,115],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,130454,130455],{},"{name}",[20,130457,130458,130459,166],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,130460,126118],{},[51,130462,130464],{"className":53,"code":130463,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130465,130466,130518],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,130467,130468,130470,130472,130474,130476,130478,130481,130484,130486,130488,130490,130492,130494,130496,130498,130500,130502,130504,130506,130508,130510,130512,130514,130516],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,130469,34621],{"class":66},[60,130471,71],{"class":70},[60,130473,267],{"class":255},[60,130475,129822],{"class":259},[60,130477,130455],{"class":78},[60,130479,130480],{"class":259}," and I live in ",[60,130482,130483],{"class":78},"{city}",[60,130485,115],{"class":259},[60,130487,256],{"class":255},[60,130489,115],{"class":74},[60,130491,129838],{"class":118},[60,130493,122],{"class":74},[60,130495,7611],{"class":9110},[60,130497,71],{"class":70},[60,130499,256],{"class":255},[60,130501,12817],{"class":259},[60,130503,256],{"class":255},[60,130505,82],{"class":74},[60,130507,31317],{"class":9110},[60,130509,71],{"class":70},[60,130511,256],{"class":255},[60,130513,15966],{"class":259},[60,130515,256],{"class":255},[60,130517,128],{"class":74},[60,130519,130520,130522,130524,130526],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,130521,135],{"class":134},[60,130523,122],{"class":74},[60,130525,34642],{"class":118},[60,130527,128],{"class":74},[20,130529,130530],{},[3698,130531,318],{},[51,130533,130535],{"className":53,"code":130534,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,130536,130537],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,130538,130539,130541,130543,130546,130548,130551,130553,130556],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,130540,129872],{"class":66},[60,130542,12130],{"class":70},[60,130544,130545],{"class":66}," Ana ",[60,130547,129880],{"class":70},[60,130549,130550],{"class":66}," I live ",[60,130552,511],{"class":70},[60,130554,130555],{"class":66}," Lima",[60,130557,122147],{"class":74},[20,130559,130560],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[30,130562,130563,130566,130569],{},[33,130564,130565],{},"they make code easier to read",[33,130567,130568],{},"they help when a string has many values",[33,130570,130571],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,130573,238],{},[51,130575,130577],{"className":53,"code":130576,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,130578,130579,130631],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,130580,130581,130584,130586,130588,130591,130594,130597,130600,130602,130604,130606,130608,130610,130612,130614,130617,130619,130621,130624,130626,130629],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,130582,130583],{"class":66},"report ",[60,130585,71],{"class":70},[60,130587,267],{"class":255},[60,130589,130590],{"class":259},"Student: ",[60,130592,130593],{"class":78},"{student}",[60,130595,130596],{"class":259},", Score: ",[60,130598,130599],{"class":78},"{score}",[60,130601,256],{"class":255},[60,130603,115],{"class":74},[60,130605,129838],{"class":118},[60,130607,122],{"class":74},[60,130609,13561],{"class":9110},[60,130611,71],{"class":70},[60,130613,256],{"class":255},[60,130615,130616],{"class":259},"Noah",[60,130618,256],{"class":255},[60,130620,82],{"class":74},[60,130622,130623],{"class":9110}," score",[60,130625,71],{"class":70},[60,130627,130628],{"class":78},"95",[60,130630,128],{"class":74},[60,130632,130633,130635,130637,130639],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,130634,135],{"class":134},[60,130636,122],{"class":74},[60,130638,127828],{"class":118},[60,130640,128],{"class":74},[20,130642,130643],{},[3698,130644,318],{},[51,130646,130648],{"className":53,"code":130647,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,130649,130650],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,130651,130652,130655,130657,130660,130662,130665,130667],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,130653,130654],{"class":66},"Student",[60,130656,166],{"class":74},[60,130658,130659],{"class":66}," Noah",[60,130661,82],{"class":74},[60,130663,130664],{"class":66}," Score",[60,130666,166],{"class":74},[60,130668,130669],{"class":78}," 95\n",[20,130671,130672,130673,115],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[260,130674,1875,130675,3471],{"href":42107},[15,130676,47614],{},[46,130678,130680],{"id":130679},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,130682,130683,130685],{},[15,130684,126118],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,130687,130688,130689,130692],{},"A common example is ",[15,130690,130691],{},":.2f",", which means:",[30,130694,130695,130698],{},[33,130696,130697],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[33,130699,130700],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,130702,238],{},[51,130704,130706],{"className":53,"code":130705,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130707,130708,130716,130745],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,130709,130710,130712,130714],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,130711,40321],{"class":66},[60,130713,71],{"class":70},[60,130715,49207],{"class":78},[60,130717,130718,130720,130722,130724,130727,130729,130731,130733,130735,130737,130739,130741,130743],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,130719,34621],{"class":66},[60,130721,71],{"class":70},[60,130723,267],{"class":255},[60,130725,130726],{"class":259},"Price: $",[60,130728,9213],{"class":78},[60,130730,130691],{"class":2033},[60,130732,22236],{"class":78},[60,130734,256],{"class":255},[60,130736,115],{"class":74},[60,130738,129838],{"class":118},[60,130740,122],{"class":74},[60,130742,25082],{"class":118},[60,130744,128],{"class":74},[60,130746,130747,130749,130751,130753],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,130748,135],{"class":134},[60,130750,122],{"class":74},[60,130752,34642],{"class":118},[60,130754,128],{"class":74},[20,130756,130757],{},[3698,130758,318],{},[51,130760,130762],{"className":53,"code":130761,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,130763,130764],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,130765,130766,130769,130771,130774],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,130767,130768],{"class":66},"Price",[60,130770,166],{"class":74},[60,130772,130773],{"class":37301}," $",[60,130775,130776],{"class":78},"3.50\n",[20,130778,52006],{},[51,130780,130782],{"className":53,"code":130781,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,130783,130784,130794],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,130785,130786,130789,130791],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,130787,130788],{"class":66},"average ",[60,130790,71],{"class":70},[60,130792,130793],{"class":78}," 91.236\n",[60,130795,130796,130798,130800,130802,130805,130807,130809,130811,130813,130815,130817,130819,130822],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,130797,135],{"class":134},[60,130799,122],{"class":74},[60,130801,256],{"class":255},[60,130803,130804],{"class":259},"Average: ",[60,130806,9213],{"class":78},[60,130808,130691],{"class":2033},[60,130810,22236],{"class":78},[60,130812,256],{"class":255},[60,130814,115],{"class":74},[60,130816,129838],{"class":118},[60,130818,122],{"class":74},[60,130820,130821],{"class":118},"average",[60,130823,315],{"class":74},[20,130825,130826],{},[3698,130827,318],{},[51,130829,130831],{"className":53,"code":130830,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,130832,130833],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,130834,130835,130838,130840],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,130836,130837],{"class":66},"Average",[60,130839,166],{"class":74},[60,130841,130842],{"class":78}," 91.24\n",[20,130844,130845],{},"This is useful for:",[30,130847,130848,130850,130853],{},[33,130849,82844],{},[33,130851,130852],{},"averages",[33,130854,130855],{},"percentages",[20,130857,130858,130859,115],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[260,130860,1875,130861,2267],{"href":46381},[15,130862,46384],{},[46,130864,17354],{"id":17353},[20,130866,130867,92281],{},[15,130868,126118],{},[20,130870,130871],{},"That means you can:",[30,130873,130874,130877,130880],{},[33,130875,130876],{},"save it in a variable",[33,130878,130879],{},"print it directly",[33,130881,130882],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,130884,238],{},[51,130886,130888],{"className":53,"code":130887,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,130889,130890,130921,130931],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,130891,130892,130894,130896,130898,130900,130902,130904,130906,130908,130910,130912,130914,130917,130919],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,130893,89767],{"class":66},[60,130895,71],{"class":70},[60,130897,267],{"class":255},[60,130899,44833],{"class":259},[60,130901,3748],{"class":78},[60,130903,89608],{"class":259},[60,130905,256],{"class":255},[60,130907,115],{"class":74},[60,130909,129838],{"class":118},[60,130911,122],{"class":74},[60,130913,256],{"class":255},[60,130915,130916],{"class":259},"Chris",[60,130918,256],{"class":255},[60,130920,128],{"class":74},[60,130922,130923,130925,130927,130929],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,130924,135],{"class":134},[60,130926,122],{"class":74},[60,130928,89784],{"class":118},[60,130930,128],{"class":74},[60,130932,130933,130935,130937,130939,130941,130943],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,130934,135],{"class":134},[60,130936,122],{"class":74},[60,130938,1657],{"class":1656},[60,130940,122],{"class":74},[60,130942,89784],{"class":118},[60,130944,315],{"class":74},[20,130946,130947],{},[3698,130948,318],{},[51,130950,130952],{"className":53,"code":130951,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,130953,130954,130963],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,130955,130956,130958,130960],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,130957,34801],{"class":66},[60,130959,82],{"class":74},[60,130961,130962],{"class":66}," Chris!\n",[60,130964,130965,130967,130969,130971,130973,130975],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,130966,3250],{"class":70},[60,130968,3253],{"class":2033},[60,130970,3256],{"class":255},[60,130972,3405],{"class":259},[60,130974,3261],{"class":255},[60,130976,3264],{"class":70},[20,130978,130979],{},"The original string is not changed.",[46,130981,130983,130985],{"id":130982},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,130984,126118],{}," vs f-strings",[20,130987,130988,130990],{},[15,130989,126118],{}," is a string method.",[20,130992,130993],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,130995,45972,130996,166],{},[15,130997,126118],{},[51,130999,131001],{"className":53,"code":131000,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,131002,131003,131016],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,131004,131005,131007,131009,131011,131014],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,131006,7816],{"class":66},[60,131008,71],{"class":70},[60,131010,267],{"class":255},[60,131012,131013],{"class":259},"Rita",[60,131015,3320],{"class":255},[60,131017,131018,131020,131022,131024,131026,131028,131030,131032,131034,131036,131038,131040],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,131019,135],{"class":134},[60,131021,122],{"class":74},[60,131023,256],{"class":255},[60,131025,44833],{"class":259},[60,131027,3748],{"class":78},[60,131029,89608],{"class":259},[60,131031,256],{"class":255},[60,131033,115],{"class":74},[60,131035,129838],{"class":118},[60,131037,122],{"class":74},[60,131039,7611],{"class":118},[60,131041,315],{"class":74},[20,131043,131044],{},"Example with an f-string:",[51,131046,131048],{"className":53,"code":131047,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,131049,131050,131062],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,131051,131052,131054,131056,131058,131060],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,131053,7816],{"class":66},[60,131055,71],{"class":70},[60,131057,267],{"class":255},[60,131059,131013],{"class":259},[60,131061,3320],{"class":255},[60,131063,131064,131066,131068,131070,131072,131074,131076,131078,131081],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,131065,135],{"class":134},[60,131067,122],{"class":74},[60,131069,22227],{"class":2033},[60,131071,43278],{"class":259},[60,131073,9213],{"class":78},[60,131075,7611],{"class":118},[60,131077,22236],{"class":78},[60,131079,131080],{"class":259},"!\"",[60,131082,128],{"class":74},[20,131084,131085],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,131087,131088,131089,131091,131092,115],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,131090,126118],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[260,131093,89453],{"href":89452},[46,131095,1351],{"id":1350},[20,131097,131098,131099,115],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,131100,126118],{},[553,131102,131104],{"id":131103},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,131106,131107],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[51,131109,131111],{"className":53,"code":131110,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131112,131113,131146],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,131114,131115,131117,131119,131121,131123,131125,131128,131130,131132,131134,131136,131138,131140,131142,131144],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,131116,34621],{"class":66},[60,131118,71],{"class":70},[60,131120,267],{"class":255},[60,131122,44833],{"class":259},[60,131124,3748],{"class":78},[60,131126,131127],{"class":78}," {}",[60,131129,89608],{"class":259},[60,131131,256],{"class":255},[60,131133,115],{"class":74},[60,131135,129838],{"class":118},[60,131137,122],{"class":74},[60,131139,256],{"class":255},[60,131141,1568],{"class":259},[60,131143,256],{"class":255},[60,131145,128],{"class":74},[60,131147,131148,131150,131152,131154],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,131149,135],{"class":134},[60,131151,122],{"class":74},[60,131153,34642],{"class":118},[60,131155,128],{"class":74},[20,131157,131158],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,131160,131161],{},"Fixed version:",[51,131163,131165],{"className":53,"code":131164,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131166,131167,131208],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,131168,131169,131171,131173,131175,131177,131179,131181,131183,131185,131187,131189,131191,131193,131195,131197,131199,131201,131204,131206],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,131170,34621],{"class":66},[60,131172,71],{"class":70},[60,131174,267],{"class":255},[60,131176,44833],{"class":259},[60,131178,3748],{"class":78},[60,131180,131127],{"class":78},[60,131182,89608],{"class":259},[60,131184,256],{"class":255},[60,131186,115],{"class":74},[60,131188,129838],{"class":118},[60,131190,122],{"class":74},[60,131192,256],{"class":255},[60,131194,1568],{"class":259},[60,131196,256],{"class":255},[60,131198,82],{"class":74},[60,131200,267],{"class":255},[60,131202,131203],{"class":259},"Lee",[60,131205,256],{"class":255},[60,131207,128],{"class":74},[60,131209,131210,131212,131214,131216],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,131211,135],{"class":134},[60,131213,122],{"class":74},[60,131215,34642],{"class":118},[60,131217,128],{"class":74},[553,131219,131221],{"id":131220},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,131223,131224,131225,115],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,131226,126118],{},[20,131228,131229],{},"Problem:",[51,131231,131233],{"className":53,"code":131232,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131234,131235,131269],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,131236,131237,131239,131241,131243,131245,131247,131249,131251,131253,131255,131257,131259,131261,131263,131265,131267],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,131238,34621],{"class":66},[60,131240,71],{"class":70},[60,131242,267],{"class":255},[60,131244,44833],{"class":259},[60,131246,130455],{"class":78},[60,131248,89608],{"class":259},[60,131250,256],{"class":255},[60,131252,115],{"class":74},[60,131254,129838],{"class":118},[60,131256,122],{"class":74},[60,131258,7925],{"class":9110},[60,131260,71],{"class":70},[60,131262,256],{"class":255},[60,131264,1568],{"class":259},[60,131266,256],{"class":255},[60,131268,128],{"class":74},[60,131270,131271,131273,131275,131277],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,131272,135],{"class":134},[60,131274,122],{"class":74},[60,131276,34642],{"class":118},[60,131278,128],{"class":74},[20,131280,131161],{},[51,131282,131284],{"className":53,"code":131283,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131285,131286,131320],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,131287,131288,131290,131292,131294,131296,131298,131300,131302,131304,131306,131308,131310,131312,131314,131316,131318],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,131289,34621],{"class":66},[60,131291,71],{"class":70},[60,131293,267],{"class":255},[60,131295,44833],{"class":259},[60,131297,130455],{"class":78},[60,131299,89608],{"class":259},[60,131301,256],{"class":255},[60,131303,115],{"class":74},[60,131305,129838],{"class":118},[60,131307,122],{"class":74},[60,131309,7611],{"class":9110},[60,131311,71],{"class":70},[60,131313,256],{"class":255},[60,131315,1568],{"class":259},[60,131317,256],{"class":255},[60,131319,128],{"class":74},[60,131321,131322,131324,131326,131328],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,131323,135],{"class":134},[60,131325,122],{"class":74},[60,131327,34642],{"class":118},[60,131329,128],{"class":74},[553,131331,1454,131333,131335],{"id":131332},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,131334,126118],{}," to change the original string",[20,131337,131338,131340],{},[15,131339,126118],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,131342,131229],{},[51,131344,131346],{"className":53,"code":131345,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131347,131348,131362,131380],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,131349,131350,131352,131354,131356,131358,131360],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,131351,34621],{"class":66},[60,131353,71],{"class":70},[60,131355,267],{"class":255},[60,131357,44833],{"class":259},[60,131359,3748],{"class":78},[60,131361,3320],{"class":255},[60,131363,131364,131366,131368,131370,131372,131374,131376,131378],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,131365,34642],{"class":66},[60,131367,115],{"class":74},[60,131369,129838],{"class":118},[60,131371,122],{"class":74},[60,131373,256],{"class":255},[60,131375,1568],{"class":259},[60,131377,256],{"class":255},[60,131379,128],{"class":74},[60,131381,131382,131384,131386,131388],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,131383,135],{"class":134},[60,131385,122],{"class":74},[60,131387,34642],{"class":118},[60,131389,128],{"class":74},[20,131391,131392],{},[3698,131393,318],{},[51,131395,131397],{"className":53,"code":131396,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Hello, {}\n",[15,131398,131399],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,131400,131401,131403,131405],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,131402,34801],{"class":66},[60,131404,82],{"class":74},[60,131406,9773],{"class":74},[20,131408,131161],{},[51,131410,131412],{"className":53,"code":131411,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131413,131414,131428,131450],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,131415,131416,131418,131420,131422,131424,131426],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,131417,34621],{"class":66},[60,131419,71],{"class":70},[60,131421,267],{"class":255},[60,131423,44833],{"class":259},[60,131425,3748],{"class":78},[60,131427,3320],{"class":255},[60,131429,131430,131432,131434,131436,131438,131440,131442,131444,131446,131448],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,131431,34621],{"class":66},[60,131433,71],{"class":70},[60,131435,42773],{"class":66},[60,131437,115],{"class":74},[60,131439,129838],{"class":118},[60,131441,122],{"class":74},[60,131443,256],{"class":255},[60,131445,1568],{"class":259},[60,131447,256],{"class":255},[60,131449,128],{"class":74},[60,131451,131452,131454,131456,131458],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,131453,135],{"class":134},[60,131455,122],{"class":74},[60,131457,34642],{"class":118},[60,131459,128],{"class":74},[553,131461,4655,131463,131465],{"id":131462},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,131464,126118],{}," returns a new string",[20,131467,131468],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[553,131470,131472],{"id":131471},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,131474,131475],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,131477,131478,131479,131481],{},"Use simple ",[15,131480,3748],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,131483,131484,131485,115],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[260,131486,90166],{"href":90165},[46,131488,67655],{"id":67654},[20,131490,131491],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[51,131493,131495],{"className":53,"code":131494,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,131496,131497,131507,131521,131550],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,131498,131499,131501,131503,131505],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,131500,135],{"class":134},[60,131502,122],{"class":74},[60,131504,34642],{"class":118},[60,131506,128],{"class":74},[60,131508,131509,131511,131513,131515,131517,131519],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,131510,135],{"class":134},[60,131512,122],{"class":74},[60,131514,1657],{"class":1656},[60,131516,122],{"class":74},[60,131518,221],{"class":118},[60,131520,315],{"class":74},[60,131522,131523,131525,131527,131529,131532,131534,131536,131538,131540,131542,131544,131546,131548],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,131524,135],{"class":134},[60,131526,122],{"class":74},[60,131528,256],{"class":255},[60,131530,131531],{"class":259},"Hello ",[60,131533,3748],{"class":78},[60,131535,256],{"class":255},[60,131537,115],{"class":74},[60,131539,129838],{"class":118},[60,131541,122],{"class":74},[60,131543,256],{"class":255},[60,131545,1568],{"class":259},[60,131547,256],{"class":255},[60,131549,315],{"class":74},[60,131551,131552,131554,131556,131558,131560,131562],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,131553,32085],{"class":134},[60,131555,122],{"class":74},[60,131557,3405],{"class":1656},[60,131559,115],{"class":74},[60,131561,129838],{"class":24682},[60,131563,128],{"class":74},[20,131565,131566],{},"Use them to check:",[30,131568,131569,131572,131575,131578],{},[33,131570,131571],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[33,131573,131574],{},"what type your value has",[33,131576,131577],{},"whether a small test example works",[33,131579,131580,131581],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,131582,131583],{},"str.format",[46,131585,1773],{"id":1772},[553,131587,129619,131589,12652],{"id":131588},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,131590,126118],{},[20,131592,131593],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[553,131595,131597],{"id":131596},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,131599,131600,131601,131603],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,131602,3748],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[553,131605,131607,131608,1435],{"id":131606},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,131609,126118],{},[20,131611,131612,131613,131616],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,131614,131615],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[553,131618,1806,131620,131622],{"id":131619},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,131621,126118],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,131624,131625,131626,131628],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,131627,126118],{}," is still useful and common.",[46,131630,1842],{"id":1841},[30,131632,131633,131637,131641,131647,131653],{},[33,131634,131635],{},[260,131636,124870],{"href":50904},[33,131638,131639],{},[260,131640,90443],{"href":89452},[33,131642,131643],{},[260,131644,1875,131645,3471],{"href":46381},[15,131646,46384],{},[33,131648,131649],{},[260,131650,1875,131651,3471],{"href":42107},[15,131652,47614],{},[33,131654,131655],{},[260,131656,90166],{"href":90165},[1885,131658,131659],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":131661},[131662,131663,131665,131666,131667,131668,131669,131670,131672,131681,131682,131691],{"id":1971,"depth":104,"text":1972},{"id":129905,"depth":104,"text":131664},"What the format() method does",{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199},{"id":130186,"depth":104,"text":130187},{"id":130448,"depth":104,"text":130449},{"id":130679,"depth":104,"text":130680},{"id":17353,"depth":104,"text":17354},{"id":130982,"depth":104,"text":131671},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351,"children":131673},[131674,131675,131676,131678,131680],{"id":131103,"depth":131,"text":131104},{"id":131220,"depth":131,"text":131221},{"id":131332,"depth":131,"text":131677},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131462,"depth":131,"text":131679},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131471,"depth":131,"text":131472},{"id":67654,"depth":104,"text":67655},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":131683},[131684,131686,131687,131689],{"id":131588,"depth":131,"text":131685},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131596,"depth":131,"text":131597},{"id":131606,"depth":131,"text":131688},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131619,"depth":131,"text":131690},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":129765,"description":131692},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131699,"title":131700,"body":131701,"description":133181,"extension":1930,"meta":133182,"navigation":421,"path":133183,"seo":133184,"stem":133185,"__hash__":133186},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131702,"toc":133153},[131703,131708,131713,131718,131720,131782,131789,131795,131800,131802,131818,131820,131891,131893,131907,131910,131960,131962,131964,131991,131994,132009,132012,132053,132056,132101,132108,132157,132159,132167,132169,132187,132189,132282,132290,132331,132336,132343,132349,132356,132359,132363,132464,132466,132488,132492,132545,132548,132551,132557,132564,132566,132605,132607,132625,132635,132642,132725,132728,132735,132742,132749,132753,132761,132807,132811,132820,132885,132890,132895,132906,132908,132913,132940,132942,133045,133048,133068,133070,133075,133078,133082,133086,133093,133102,133108,133111,133117,133119,133121,133150],[10,131704,123115,131706,18],{"id":131705},"python-string-index-method",[15,131707,1868],{},[20,131709,123120,131710,131712],{},[15,131711,1868],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,131714,131715,131716,115],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,131717,40638],{},[46,131719,1972],{"id":1971},[51,131721,131723],{"className":53,"code":131722,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,131724,131725,131737,131759,131769,131773,131777],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,131726,131727,131729,131731,131733,131735],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,131728,34621],{"class":66},[60,131730,71],{"class":70},[60,131732,267],{"class":255},[60,131734,60165],{"class":259},[60,131736,3320],{"class":255},[60,131738,131739,131741,131743,131745,131747,131749,131751,131753,131755,131757],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,131740,64679],{"class":66},[60,131742,71],{"class":70},[60,131744,42773],{"class":66},[60,131746,115],{"class":74},[60,131748,35781],{"class":118},[60,131750,122],{"class":74},[60,131752,256],{"class":255},[60,131754,60350],{"class":259},[60,131756,256],{"class":255},[60,131758,128],{"class":74},[60,131760,131761,131763,131765,131767],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,131762,135],{"class":134},[60,131764,122],{"class":74},[60,131766,64706],{"class":118},[60,131768,128],{"class":74},[60,131770,131771],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,131772,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,131774,131775],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,131776,90584],{"class":146},[60,131778,131779],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,131780,131781],{"class":146},"# 6\n",[20,131783,150,131784,131786,131787,115],{},[15,131785,1868],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,131788,40638],{},[46,131790,158,131792,161],{"id":131791},"what-strindex-does",[15,131793,131794],{},"str.index()",[20,131796,131797,131799],{},[15,131798,131794],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,131801,12989],{},[30,131803,131804,131807,131810,131813],{},[33,131805,131806],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[33,131808,131809],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[33,131811,131812],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[33,131814,30225,131815,131817],{},[15,131816,40638],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,131819,238],{},[51,131821,131823],{"className":53,"code":131822,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,131824,131825,131837,131841,131866],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,131826,131827,131829,131831,131833,131835],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,131828,34621],{"class":66},[60,131830,71],{"class":70},[60,131832,267],{"class":255},[60,131834,1392],{"class":259},[60,131836,3320],{"class":255},[60,131838,131839],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,131840,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,131842,131843,131845,131847,131849,131851,131853,131855,131857,131859,131861,131863],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,131844,135],{"class":134},[60,131846,122],{"class":74},[60,131848,34642],{"class":118},[60,131850,115],{"class":74},[60,131852,35781],{"class":118},[60,131854,122],{"class":74},[60,131856,256],{"class":255},[60,131858,260],{"class":259},[60,131860,256],{"class":255},[60,131862,446],{"class":74},[60,131864,131865],{"class":146},"     # 1\n",[60,131867,131868,131870,131872,131874,131876,131878,131880,131882,131884,131886,131888],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,131869,135],{"class":134},[60,131871,122],{"class":74},[60,131873,34642],{"class":118},[60,131875,115],{"class":74},[60,131877,35781],{"class":118},[60,131879,122],{"class":74},[60,131881,256],{"class":255},[60,131883,123208],{"class":259},[60,131885,256],{"class":255},[60,131887,446],{"class":74},[60,131889,131890],{"class":146},"    # 2\n",[20,131892,2144],{},[30,131894,131895,131901],{},[33,131896,131897,128328,131899],{},[15,131898,18029],{},[15,131900,79],{},[33,131902,131903,128328,131905],{},[15,131904,128327],{},[15,131906,125],{},[20,131908,131909],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[51,131911,131913],{"className":53,"code":131912,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,131914,131915,131927,131931,131955],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,131916,131917,131919,131921,131923,131925],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,131918,34621],{"class":66},[60,131920,71],{"class":70},[60,131922,267],{"class":255},[60,131924,34801],{"class":259},[60,131926,3320],{"class":255},[60,131928,131929],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,131930,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,131932,131933,131935,131937,131939,131941,131943,131945,131947,131949,131951,131953],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,131934,135],{"class":134},[60,131936,122],{"class":74},[60,131938,34642],{"class":118},[60,131940,115],{"class":74},[60,131942,35781],{"class":118},[60,131944,122],{"class":74},[60,131946,256],{"class":255},[60,131948,51119],{"class":259},[60,131950,256],{"class":255},[60,131952,446],{"class":74},[60,131954,20701],{"class":146},[60,131956,131957],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,131958,131959],{"class":146},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[46,131961,199],{"id":198},[20,131963,202],{},[51,131965,131967],{"className":53,"code":131966,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,131968,131969],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,131970,131971,131973,131975,131977,131979,131981,131983,131985,131987,131989],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,131972,60933],{"class":66},[60,131974,115],{"class":74},[60,131976,35781],{"class":118},[60,131978,122],{"class":74},[60,131980,221],{"class":118},[60,131982,82],{"class":74},[60,131984,35987],{"class":118},[60,131986,82],{"class":74},[60,131988,64800],{"class":118},[60,131990,128],{"class":74},[20,131992,131993],{},"Parameters:",[30,131995,131996,132000,132004],{},[33,131997,131998,123307],{},[15,131999,221],{},[33,132001,132002,128374],{},[15,132003,36008],{},[33,132005,132006,132008],{},[15,132007,52587],{},": optional stopping position",[20,132010,132011],{},"You can use just the value:",[51,132013,132015],{"className":53,"code":132014,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132016,132017,132029],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,132018,132019,132021,132023,132025,132027],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,132020,34621],{"class":66},[60,132022,71],{"class":70},[60,132024,267],{"class":255},[60,132026,55],{"class":259},[60,132028,3320],{"class":255},[60,132030,132031,132033,132035,132037,132039,132041,132043,132045,132047,132049,132051],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,132032,135],{"class":134},[60,132034,122],{"class":74},[60,132036,34642],{"class":118},[60,132038,115],{"class":74},[60,132040,35781],{"class":118},[60,132042,122],{"class":74},[60,132044,256],{"class":255},[60,132046,63046],{"class":259},[60,132048,256],{"class":255},[60,132050,446],{"class":74},[60,132052,622],{"class":146},[20,132054,132055],{},"Or include a start position:",[51,132057,132059],{"className":53,"code":132058,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,132060,132061,132073],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,132062,132063,132065,132067,132069,132071],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,132064,34621],{"class":66},[60,132066,71],{"class":70},[60,132068,267],{"class":255},[60,132070,1392],{"class":259},[60,132072,3320],{"class":255},[60,132074,132075,132077,132079,132081,132083,132085,132087,132089,132091,132093,132095,132097,132099],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,132076,135],{"class":134},[60,132078,122],{"class":74},[60,132080,34642],{"class":118},[60,132082,115],{"class":74},[60,132084,35781],{"class":118},[60,132086,122],{"class":74},[60,132088,256],{"class":255},[60,132090,260],{"class":259},[60,132092,256],{"class":255},[60,132094,82],{"class":74},[60,132096,85],{"class":78},[60,132098,446],{"class":74},[60,132100,147],{"class":146},[20,132102,132103,132104,544,132106,166],{},"Or include both ",[15,132105,36008],{},[15,132107,52587],{},[51,132109,132111],{"className":53,"code":132110,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,132112,132113,132125],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,132114,132115,132117,132119,132121,132123],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,132116,34621],{"class":66},[60,132118,71],{"class":70},[60,132120,267],{"class":255},[60,132122,1392],{"class":259},[60,132124,3320],{"class":255},[60,132126,132127,132129,132131,132133,132135,132137,132139,132141,132143,132145,132147,132149,132151,132153,132155],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,132128,135],{"class":134},[60,132130,122],{"class":74},[60,132132,34642],{"class":118},[60,132134,115],{"class":74},[60,132136,35781],{"class":118},[60,132138,122],{"class":74},[60,132140,256],{"class":255},[60,132142,260],{"class":259},[60,132144,256],{"class":255},[60,132146,82],{"class":74},[60,132148,85],{"class":78},[60,132150,82],{"class":74},[60,132152,4555],{"class":78},[60,132154,446],{"class":74},[60,132156,147],{"class":146},[46,132158,336],{"id":335},[20,132160,28641,132161,132163,132164,115],{},[15,132162,1868],{}," is a ",[3698,132165,132166],{},"zero-based index",[20,132168,2075],{},[30,132170,132171,132177,132182],{},[33,132172,132173,132174,132176],{},"Index ",[15,132175,195],{}," is the first character",[33,132178,132173,132179,132181],{},[15,132180,79],{}," is the second character",[33,132183,132173,132184,132186],{},[15,132185,125],{}," is the third character",[20,132188,238],{},[51,132190,132192],{"className":53,"code":132191,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132193,132194,132206,132210,132234,132258],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,132195,132196,132198,132200,132202,132204],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,132197,34621],{"class":66},[60,132199,71],{"class":70},[60,132201,267],{"class":255},[60,132203,959],{"class":259},[60,132205,3320],{"class":255},[60,132207,132208],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,132209,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,132211,132212,132214,132216,132218,132220,132222,132224,132226,132228,132230,132232],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,132213,135],{"class":134},[60,132215,122],{"class":74},[60,132217,34642],{"class":118},[60,132219,115],{"class":74},[60,132221,35781],{"class":118},[60,132223,122],{"class":74},[60,132225,256],{"class":255},[60,132227,287],{"class":259},[60,132229,256],{"class":255},[60,132231,446],{"class":74},[60,132233,1429],{"class":146},[60,132235,132236,132238,132240,132242,132244,132246,132248,132250,132252,132254,132256],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,132237,135],{"class":134},[60,132239,122],{"class":74},[60,132241,34642],{"class":118},[60,132243,115],{"class":74},[60,132245,35781],{"class":118},[60,132247,122],{"class":74},[60,132249,256],{"class":255},[60,132251,260],{"class":259},[60,132253,256],{"class":255},[60,132255,446],{"class":74},[60,132257,647],{"class":146},[60,132259,132260,132262,132264,132266,132268,132270,132272,132274,132276,132278,132280],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,132261,135],{"class":134},[60,132263,122],{"class":74},[60,132265,34642],{"class":118},[60,132267,115],{"class":74},[60,132269,35781],{"class":118},[60,132271,122],{"class":74},[60,132273,256],{"class":255},[60,132275,63046],{"class":259},[60,132277,256],{"class":255},[60,132279,446],{"class":74},[60,132281,622],{"class":146},[20,132283,132284,132286,132287,132289],{},[15,132285,1868],{}," returns only the ",[3698,132288,29840],{}," matching position.",[51,132291,132293],{"className":53,"code":132292,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,132294,132295,132307],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,132296,132297,132299,132301,132303,132305],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,132298,34621],{"class":66},[60,132300,71],{"class":70},[60,132302,267],{"class":255},[60,132304,1392],{"class":259},[60,132306,3320],{"class":255},[60,132308,132309,132311,132313,132315,132317,132319,132321,132323,132325,132327,132329],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,132310,135],{"class":134},[60,132312,122],{"class":74},[60,132314,34642],{"class":118},[60,132316,115],{"class":74},[60,132318,35781],{"class":118},[60,132320,122],{"class":74},[60,132322,256],{"class":255},[60,132324,260],{"class":259},[60,132326,256],{"class":255},[60,132328,446],{"class":74},[60,132330,647],{"class":146},[20,132332,20911,132333,132335],{},[15,132334,18029],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,132337,132338,132339,115],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[260,132340,132341,1869],{"href":124565},[15,132342,1450],{},[46,132344,8356,132345,544,132347],{"id":65166},[15,132346,36008],{},[15,132348,52587],{},[20,132350,1947,132351,544,132353,132355],{},[15,132352,36008],{},[15,132354,52587],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,132357,132358],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,132360,45972,132361,166],{},[15,132362,36008],{},[51,132364,132366],{"className":53,"code":132365,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,132367,132368,132380,132384,132408,132436],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,132369,132370,132372,132374,132376,132378],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,132371,34621],{"class":66},[60,132373,71],{"class":70},[60,132375,267],{"class":255},[60,132377,1392],{"class":259},[60,132379,3320],{"class":255},[60,132381,132382],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,132383,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,132385,132386,132388,132390,132392,132394,132396,132398,132400,132402,132404,132406],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,132387,135],{"class":134},[60,132389,122],{"class":74},[60,132391,34642],{"class":118},[60,132393,115],{"class":74},[60,132395,35781],{"class":118},[60,132397,122],{"class":74},[60,132399,256],{"class":255},[60,132401,260],{"class":259},[60,132403,256],{"class":255},[60,132405,446],{"class":74},[60,132407,51048],{"class":146},[60,132409,132410,132412,132414,132416,132418,132420,132422,132424,132426,132428,132430,132432,132434],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,132411,135],{"class":134},[60,132413,122],{"class":74},[60,132415,34642],{"class":118},[60,132417,115],{"class":74},[60,132419,35781],{"class":118},[60,132421,122],{"class":74},[60,132423,256],{"class":255},[60,132425,260],{"class":259},[60,132427,256],{"class":255},[60,132429,82],{"class":74},[60,132431,85],{"class":78},[60,132433,446],{"class":74},[60,132435,50898],{"class":146},[60,132437,132438,132440,132442,132444,132446,132448,132450,132452,132454,132456,132458,132460,132462],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,132439,135],{"class":134},[60,132441,122],{"class":74},[60,132443,34642],{"class":118},[60,132445,115],{"class":74},[60,132447,35781],{"class":118},[60,132449,122],{"class":74},[60,132451,256],{"class":255},[60,132453,260],{"class":259},[60,132455,256],{"class":255},[60,132457,82],{"class":74},[60,132459,800],{"class":78},[60,132461,446],{"class":74},[60,132463,50684],{"class":146},[20,132465,19891],{},[30,132467,132468,132475,132481],{},[33,132469,132470,132471,65356,132473],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,132472,18029],{},[15,132474,79],{},[33,132476,132477,132478,132480],{},"Starting at index ",[15,132479,125],{}," skips that first match",[33,132482,132477,132483,132485,132486],{},[15,132484,2465],{}," finds the last ",[15,132487,18029],{},[20,132489,45972,132490,166],{},[15,132491,52587],{},[51,132493,132495],{"className":53,"code":132494,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,132496,132497,132509,132513],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,132498,132499,132501,132503,132505,132507],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,132500,34621],{"class":66},[60,132502,71],{"class":70},[60,132504,267],{"class":255},[60,132506,1392],{"class":259},[60,132508,3320],{"class":255},[60,132510,132511],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,132512,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,132514,132515,132517,132519,132521,132523,132525,132527,132529,132531,132533,132535,132537,132539,132541,132543],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,132516,135],{"class":134},[60,132518,122],{"class":74},[60,132520,34642],{"class":118},[60,132522,115],{"class":74},[60,132524,35781],{"class":118},[60,132526,122],{"class":74},[60,132528,256],{"class":255},[60,132530,75790],{"class":259},[60,132532,256],{"class":255},[60,132534,82],{"class":74},[60,132536,3789],{"class":78},[60,132538,82],{"class":74},[60,132540,800],{"class":78},[60,132542,446],{"class":74},[60,132544,622],{"class":146},[20,132546,132547],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,132549,132550],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[46,132552,44144,132554,132556],{"id":132553},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,132555,1868],{}," causes an error",[20,132558,132559,132560,52421,132562,115],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,132561,1868],{},[15,132563,40638],{},[20,132565,238],{},[51,132567,132569],{"className":53,"code":132568,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,132570,132571,132583],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,132572,132573,132575,132577,132579,132581],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,132574,34621],{"class":66},[60,132576,71],{"class":70},[60,132578,267],{"class":255},[60,132580,3801],{"class":259},[60,132582,3320],{"class":255},[60,132584,132585,132587,132589,132591,132593,132595,132597,132599,132601,132603],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,132586,135],{"class":134},[60,132588,122],{"class":74},[60,132590,34642],{"class":118},[60,132592,115],{"class":74},[60,132594,35781],{"class":118},[60,132596,122],{"class":74},[60,132598,256],{"class":255},[60,132600,22010],{"class":259},[60,132602,256],{"class":255},[60,132604,315],{"class":74},[20,132606,318],{},[51,132608,132610],{"className":53,"code":132609,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,132611,132612],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,132613,132614,132616,132618,132621,132623],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,132615,40638],{"class":1656},[60,132617,166],{"class":74},[60,132619,132620],{"class":66}," substring ",[60,132622,4581],{"class":70},[60,132624,65589],{"class":66},[20,132626,53266,132627,126081,132632,132634],{},[260,132628,132629],{"href":129759},[15,132630,132631],{},"str.find()",[15,132633,65614],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,132636,132637,132638,544,132640,166],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,132639,29735],{},[15,132641,29766],{},[51,132643,132645],{"className":53,"code":132644,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,132646,132647,132659,132663,132669,132692,132702,132710],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,132648,132649,132651,132653,132655,132657],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,132650,34621],{"class":66},[60,132652,71],{"class":70},[60,132654,267],{"class":255},[60,132656,3801],{"class":259},[60,132658,3320],{"class":255},[60,132660,132661],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,132662,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,132664,132665,132667],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,132666,29735],{"class":1537},[60,132668,1712],{"class":74},[60,132670,132671,132674,132676,132678,132680,132682,132684,132686,132688,132690],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,132672,132673],{"class":66},"    position ",[60,132675,71],{"class":70},[60,132677,42773],{"class":66},[60,132679,115],{"class":74},[60,132681,35781],{"class":118},[60,132683,122],{"class":74},[60,132685,256],{"class":255},[60,132687,22010],{"class":259},[60,132689,256],{"class":255},[60,132691,128],{"class":74},[60,132693,132694,132696,132698,132700],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,132695,1718],{"class":134},[60,132697,122],{"class":74},[60,132699,64706],{"class":118},[60,132701,128],{"class":74},[60,132703,132704,132706,132708],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,132705,29766],{"class":1537},[60,132707,41859],{"class":1656},[60,132709,1712],{"class":74},[60,132711,132712,132714,132716,132718,132721,132723],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,132713,1718],{"class":134},[60,132715,122],{"class":74},[60,132717,256],{"class":255},[60,132719,132720],{"class":259},"Substring not found",[60,132722,256],{"class":255},[60,132724,128],{"class":74},[20,132726,132727],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,132729,41879,132730,115],{},[260,132731,25612,132733],{"href":132732},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,132734,129086],{},[46,132736,132738,10521,132740],{"id":132737},"index-vs-find",[15,132739,1868],{},[15,132741,124110],{},[20,132743,132744,544,132746,132748],{},[15,132745,1868],{},[15,132747,124110],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[553,132750,132751],{"id":35781},[15,132752,1868],{},[30,132754,132755,132758],{},[33,132756,132757],{},"Returns the first match position",[33,132759,132760],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[51,132762,132764],{"className":53,"code":132763,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,132765,132766,132778,132802],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,132767,132768,132770,132772,132774,132776],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,132769,34621],{"class":66},[60,132771,71],{"class":70},[60,132773,267],{"class":255},[60,132775,3801],{"class":259},[60,132777,3320],{"class":255},[60,132779,132780,132782,132784,132786,132788,132790,132792,132794,132796,132798,132800],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,132781,135],{"class":134},[60,132783,122],{"class":74},[60,132785,34642],{"class":118},[60,132787,115],{"class":74},[60,132789,35781],{"class":118},[60,132791,122],{"class":74},[60,132793,256],{"class":255},[60,132795,60206],{"class":259},[60,132797,256],{"class":255},[60,132799,446],{"class":74},[60,132801,647],{"class":146},[60,132803,132804],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,132805,132806],{"class":146},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[553,132808,132809],{"id":128140},[15,132810,124110],{},[30,132812,132813,132815],{},[33,132814,132757],{},[33,132816,11359,132817,132819],{},[15,132818,65614],{}," if nothing is found",[51,132821,132823],{"className":53,"code":132822,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,132824,132825,132837,132861],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,132826,132827,132829,132831,132833,132835],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,132828,34621],{"class":66},[60,132830,71],{"class":70},[60,132832,267],{"class":255},[60,132834,3801],{"class":259},[60,132836,3320],{"class":255},[60,132838,132839,132841,132843,132845,132847,132849,132851,132853,132855,132857,132859],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,132840,135],{"class":134},[60,132842,122],{"class":74},[60,132844,34642],{"class":118},[60,132846,115],{"class":74},[60,132848,128140],{"class":118},[60,132850,122],{"class":74},[60,132852,256],{"class":255},[60,132854,60206],{"class":259},[60,132856,256],{"class":255},[60,132858,446],{"class":74},[60,132860,647],{"class":146},[60,132862,132863,132865,132867,132869,132871,132873,132875,132877,132879,132881,132883],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,132864,135],{"class":134},[60,132866,122],{"class":74},[60,132868,34642],{"class":118},[60,132870,115],{"class":74},[60,132872,128140],{"class":118},[60,132874,122],{"class":74},[60,132876,256],{"class":255},[60,132878,22010],{"class":259},[60,132880,256],{"class":255},[60,132882,446],{"class":74},[60,132884,128496],{"class":146},[20,132886,150,132887,132889],{},[15,132888,1868],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,132891,150,132892,132894],{},[15,132893,124110],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,132896,132897,132898,1460,132903,115],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[260,132899,132900,132902],{"href":129759},[15,132901,132631],{}," method reference",[260,132904,127151],{"href":132905},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[46,132907,1351],{"id":1350},[20,132909,132910,132911,166],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,132912,1868],{},[30,132914,132915,132918,132925,132930,132935],{},[33,132916,132917],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[33,132919,1454,132920,1457,132922,132924],{},[15,132921,1868],{},[15,132923,65614],{}," when no match exists",[33,132926,8356,132927,132929],{},[15,132928,1868],{}," on a value that may not be present",[33,132931,132932,132933],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,132934,79],{},[33,132936,4529,132937,132939],{},[15,132938,1868],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,132941,62054],{},[51,132943,132945],{"className":53,"code":132944,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,132946,132947,132957,132971,132993,133015],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,132948,132949,132951,132953,132955],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,132950,135],{"class":134},[60,132952,122],{"class":74},[60,132954,34642],{"class":118},[60,132956,128],{"class":74},[60,132958,132959,132961,132963,132965,132967,132969],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,132960,135],{"class":134},[60,132962,122],{"class":74},[60,132964,1723],{"class":134},[60,132966,122],{"class":74},[60,132968,34642],{"class":118},[60,132970,315],{"class":74},[60,132972,132973,132975,132977,132979,132981,132983,132985,132987,132989,132991],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,132974,135],{"class":134},[60,132976,122],{"class":74},[60,132978,34642],{"class":118},[60,132980,115],{"class":74},[60,132982,35781],{"class":118},[60,132984,122],{"class":74},[60,132986,256],{"class":255},[60,132988,221],{"class":259},[60,132990,256],{"class":255},[60,132992,315],{"class":74},[60,132994,132995,132997,132999,133001,133003,133005,133007,133009,133011,133013],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,132996,135],{"class":134},[60,132998,122],{"class":74},[60,133000,34642],{"class":118},[60,133002,115],{"class":74},[60,133004,128140],{"class":118},[60,133006,122],{"class":74},[60,133008,256],{"class":255},[60,133010,221],{"class":259},[60,133012,256],{"class":255},[60,133014,315],{"class":74},[60,133016,133017,133019,133021,133023,133025,133027,133029,133031,133033,133035,133037,133039,133041,133043],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,133018,135],{"class":134},[60,133020,122],{"class":74},[60,133022,34642],{"class":118},[60,133024,115],{"class":74},[60,133026,35781],{"class":118},[60,133028,122],{"class":74},[60,133030,256],{"class":255},[60,133032,221],{"class":259},[60,133034,256],{"class":255},[60,133036,82],{"class":74},[60,133038,35987],{"class":118},[60,133040,82],{"class":74},[60,133042,64800],{"class":118},[60,133044,315],{"class":74},[20,133046,133047],{},"Tips:",[30,133049,133050,133055,133060,133063],{},[33,133051,150,133052,133054],{},[15,133053,126037],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[33,133056,150,133057,133059],{},[15,133058,124110],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[33,133061,133062],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[33,133064,133065,133066],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,133067,195],{},[46,133069,1773],{"id":1772},[553,133071,129619,133073,12652],{"id":133072},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,133074,1868],{},[20,133076,133077],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[553,133079,133081],{"id":133080},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,133083,76618,133084,115],{},[15,133085,40638],{},[553,133087,5126,133089,544,133091,1435],{"id":133088},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,133090,1868],{},[15,133092,124110],{},[20,133094,133095,133097,133098,2361,133100,6573],{},[15,133096,1868],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,133099,124110],{},[15,133101,65614],{},[553,133103,1796,133105,133107],{"id":133104},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,133106,1868],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,133109,133110],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[553,133112,133114,133115,124451],{"id":133113},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,133116,1868],{},[20,133118,129644],{},[46,133120,1842],{"id":1841},[30,133122,133123,133129,133133,133138,133144],{},[33,133124,133125],{},[260,133126,133127,1869],{"href":129759},[15,133128,132631],{},[33,133130,133131],{},[260,133132,124514],{"href":132905},[33,133134,133135],{},[260,133136,129720],{"href":133137},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[33,133139,133140],{},[260,133141,133142,1869],{"href":124565},[15,133143,1450],{},[33,133145,133146],{},[260,133147,30279,133148],{"href":132732},[15,133149,129086],{},[1885,133151,133152],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":133154},[133155,133156,133158,133159,133160,133161,133163,133168,133169,133180],{"id":1971,"depth":104,"text":1972},{"id":131791,"depth":104,"text":133157},"What str.index() does",{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199},{"id":335,"depth":104,"text":336},{"id":65166,"depth":104,"text":65949},{"id":132553,"depth":104,"text":133162},"When index() causes an error",{"id":132737,"depth":104,"text":133164,"children":133165},"index() vs find()",[133166,133167],{"id":35781,"depth":131,"text":1868},{"id":128140,"depth":131,"text":124110},{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":133170},[133171,133173,133174,133176,133178],{"id":133072,"depth":131,"text":133172},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133080,"depth":131,"text":133081},{"id":133088,"depth":131,"text":133175},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133104,"depth":131,"text":133177},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133113,"depth":131,"text":133179},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131700,"description":133181},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133188,"title":133189,"body":133190,"description":135965,"extension":1930,"meta":135966,"navigation":421,"path":135967,"seo":135968,"stem":135969,"__hash__":135970},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133191,"toc":135901},[133192,133198,133203,133206,133209,133220,133222,133291,133293,133307,133312,133317,133322,133324,133367,133369,133452,133454,133500,133506,133508,133510,133530,133532,133555,133557,133631,133633,133652,133657,133659,133663,133735,133737,133751,133755,133831,133833,133852,133856,133950,133952,133961,133968,134044,134046,134064,134068,134071,134078,134127,134129,134138,134145,134204,134206,134224,134227,134234,134293,134295,134313,134320,134377,134379,134388,134392,134397,134401,134460,134462,134480,134484,134531,134536,134539,134608,134610,134627,134634,134640,134695,134700,134703,134780,134782,134800,134806,134812,134872,134874,134893,134899,134902,134909,134962,134967,134969,135030,135039,135046,135048,135105,135110,135112,135183,135187,135242,135244,135253,135258,135264,135333,135335,135367,135373,135381,135388,135394,135459,135461,135470,135476,135557,135559,135568,135573,135587,135594,135598,135603,135631,135633,135766,135769,135806,135808,135814,135823,135828,135831,135836,135841,135847,135850,135859,135862,135864,135893,135898],[10,133193,123115,133195,18],{"id":133194},"python-string-join-method",[15,133196,133197],{},"join()",[20,133199,123120,133200,133202],{},[15,133201,133197],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133204,133205],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,133207,133208],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[30,133210,133211,133217],{},[33,133212,133213,133214,133216],{},"You call ",[15,133215,133197],{}," on the separator string",[33,133218,133219],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[46,133221,49],{"id":48},[51,133223,133225],{"className":53,"code":133224,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,133226,133227,133260,133281],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,133228,133229,133231,133233,133235,133237,133239,133241,133243,133245,133247,133249,133251,133253,133256,133258],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,133230,566],{"class":66},[60,133232,71],{"class":70},[60,133234,75],{"class":74},[60,133236,256],{"class":255},[60,133238,7239],{"class":259},[60,133240,256],{"class":255},[60,133242,82],{"class":74},[60,133244,267],{"class":255},[60,133246,12130],{"class":259},[60,133248,256],{"class":255},[60,133250,82],{"class":74},[60,133252,267],{"class":255},[60,133254,133255],{"class":259},"fun",[60,133257,256],{"class":255},[60,133259,101],{"class":74},[60,133261,133262,133264,133266,133268,133270,133272,133275,133277,133279],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,133263,107],{"class":66},[60,133265,71],{"class":70},[60,133267,267],{"class":255},[60,133269,267],{"class":255},[60,133271,115],{"class":74},[60,133273,133274],{"class":118},"join",[60,133276,122],{"class":74},[60,133278,605],{"class":118},[60,133280,128],{"class":74},[60,133282,133283,133285,133287,133289],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,133284,135],{"class":134},[60,133286,122],{"class":74},[60,133288,140],{"class":118},[60,133290,128],{"class":74},[20,133292,318],{},[51,133294,133296],{"className":53,"code":133295,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Python is fun\n",[15,133297,133298],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,133299,133300,133302,133304],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,133301,1875],{"class":66},[60,133303,12130],{"class":70},[60,133305,133306],{"class":66}," fun\n",[20,133308,150,133309,133311],{},[15,133310,133197],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[46,133313,158,133315,161],{"id":133314},"what-join-does",[15,133316,133197],{},[20,133318,133319,133321],{},[15,133320,133197],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133323,11394],{},[30,133325,133326,133333,133361,133364],{},[33,133327,133328,133329,133332],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,133330,133331],{},".join()"," as the separator",[33,133334,133335,133336],{},"Common separators are:\n",[30,133337,133338,133344,133350,133356],{},[33,133339,133340,133343],{},[15,133341,133342],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[33,133345,133346,133349],{},[15,133347,133348],{},"\", \""," for commas",[33,133351,133352,133355],{},[15,133353,133354],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[33,133357,133358,133360],{},[15,133359,6213],{}," for no separator",[33,133362,133363],{},"It returns a new string",[33,133365,133366],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,133368,238],{},[51,133370,133372],{"className":53,"code":133371,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,133373,133374,133406,133428,133432,133442],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,133375,133376,133378,133380,133382,133384,133386,133388,133390,133392,133394,133396,133398,133400,133402,133404],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,133377,566],{"class":66},[60,133379,71],{"class":70},[60,133381,75],{"class":74},[60,133383,256],{"class":255},[60,133385,386],{"class":259},[60,133387,256],{"class":255},[60,133389,82],{"class":74},[60,133391,267],{"class":255},[60,133393,404],{"class":259},[60,133395,256],{"class":255},[60,133397,82],{"class":74},[60,133399,267],{"class":255},[60,133401,395],{"class":259},[60,133403,256],{"class":255},[60,133405,101],{"class":74},[60,133407,133408,133410,133412,133414,133416,133418,133420,133422,133424,133426],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,133409,107],{"class":66},[60,133411,71],{"class":70},[60,133413,267],{"class":255},[60,133415,2154],{"class":259},[60,133417,256],{"class":255},[60,133419,115],{"class":74},[60,133421,133274],{"class":118},[60,133423,122],{"class":74},[60,133425,605],{"class":118},[60,133427,128],{"class":74},[60,133429,133430],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,133431,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,133433,133434,133436,133438,133440],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,133435,135],{"class":134},[60,133437,122],{"class":74},[60,133439,140],{"class":118},[60,133441,128],{"class":74},[60,133443,133444,133446,133448,133450],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,133445,135],{"class":134},[60,133447,122],{"class":74},[60,133449,605],{"class":118},[60,133451,128],{"class":74},[20,133453,318],{},[51,133455,133457],{"className":53,"code":133456,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,133458,133459,133472],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,133460,133461,133463,133465,133468,133470],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,133462,386],{"class":66},[60,133464,82],{"class":74},[60,133466,133467],{"class":66}," green",[60,133469,82],{"class":74},[60,133471,35816],{"class":66},[60,133473,133474,133476,133478,133480,133482,133484,133486,133488,133490,133492,133494,133496,133498],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,133475,3854],{"class":74},[60,133477,3261],{"class":255},[60,133479,386],{"class":259},[60,133481,3261],{"class":255},[60,133483,82],{"class":74},[60,133485,3256],{"class":255},[60,133487,404],{"class":259},[60,133489,3261],{"class":255},[60,133491,82],{"class":74},[60,133493,3256],{"class":255},[60,133495,395],{"class":259},[60,133497,3261],{"class":255},[60,133499,101],{"class":74},[20,133501,133502,133503,133505],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,133504,133197],{}," creates a new string.",[46,133507,199],{"id":198},[20,133509,7160],{},[51,133511,133513],{"className":53,"code":133512,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133514,133515],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,133516,133517,133520,133522,133524,133526,133528],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,133518,133519],{"class":66},"separator",[60,133521,115],{"class":74},[60,133523,133274],{"class":118},[60,133525,122],{"class":74},[60,133527,3675],{"class":118},[60,133529,128],{"class":74},[553,133531,48941],{"id":48940},[30,133533,133534,133547,133552],{},[33,133535,133536,133538,133539,2154,133541,2154,133543,2158,133545],{},[15,133537,133519],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133540,133342],{},[15,133542,133348],{},[15,133544,133354],{},[15,133546,6213],{},[33,133548,133549,133551],{},[15,133550,3675],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[33,133553,133554],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,133556,238],{},[51,133558,133560],{"className":53,"code":133559,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133561,133562,133594,133617,133621],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,133563,133564,133566,133568,133570,133572,133574,133576,133578,133580,133582,133584,133586,133588,133590,133592],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,133565,1559],{"class":66},[60,133567,71],{"class":70},[60,133569,75],{"class":74},[60,133571,256],{"class":255},[60,133573,12817],{"class":259},[60,133575,256],{"class":255},[60,133577,82],{"class":74},[60,133579,267],{"class":255},[60,133581,35876],{"class":259},[60,133583,256],{"class":255},[60,133585,82],{"class":74},[60,133587,267],{"class":255},[60,133589,35885],{"class":259},[60,133591,256],{"class":255},[60,133593,101],{"class":74},[60,133595,133596,133598,133600,133602,133605,133607,133609,133611,133613,133615],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,133597,107],{"class":66},[60,133599,71],{"class":70},[60,133601,267],{"class":255},[60,133603,133604],{"class":259}," | ",[60,133606,256],{"class":255},[60,133608,115],{"class":74},[60,133610,133274],{"class":118},[60,133612,122],{"class":74},[60,133614,1599],{"class":118},[60,133616,128],{"class":74},[60,133618,133619],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,133620,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,133622,133623,133625,133627,133629],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,133624,135],{"class":134},[60,133626,122],{"class":74},[60,133628,140],{"class":118},[60,133630,128],{"class":74},[20,133632,318],{},[51,133634,133636],{"className":53,"code":133635,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,133637,133638],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,133639,133640,133643,133645,133648,133650],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,133641,133642],{"class":66},"Ana ",[60,133644,113622],{"class":70},[60,133646,133647],{"class":66}," Ben ",[60,133649,113622],{"class":70},[60,133651,35957],{"class":66},[20,133653,133654,133655,115],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[260,133656,124870],{"href":50904},[46,133658,121646],{"id":121645},[553,133660,133662],{"id":133661},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[51,133664,133666],{"className":53,"code":133665,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133667,133668,133701,133721,133725],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,133669,133670,133672,133674,133676,133678,133680,133682,133684,133686,133688,133690,133692,133694,133697,133699],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,133671,566],{"class":66},[60,133673,71],{"class":70},[60,133675,75],{"class":74},[60,133677,256],{"class":255},[60,133679,7239],{"class":259},[60,133681,256],{"class":255},[60,133683,82],{"class":74},[60,133685,267],{"class":255},[60,133687,12130],{"class":259},[60,133689,256],{"class":255},[60,133691,82],{"class":74},[60,133693,267],{"class":255},[60,133695,133696],{"class":259},"easy",[60,133698,256],{"class":255},[60,133700,101],{"class":74},[60,133702,133703,133705,133707,133709,133711,133713,133715,133717,133719],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,133704,107],{"class":66},[60,133706,71],{"class":70},[60,133708,267],{"class":255},[60,133710,267],{"class":255},[60,133712,115],{"class":74},[60,133714,133274],{"class":118},[60,133716,122],{"class":74},[60,133718,605],{"class":118},[60,133720,128],{"class":74},[60,133722,133723],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,133724,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,133726,133727,133729,133731,133733],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,133728,135],{"class":134},[60,133730,122],{"class":74},[60,133732,140],{"class":118},[60,133734,128],{"class":74},[20,133736,318],{},[51,133738,133740],{"className":53,"code":133739,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Python is easy\n",[15,133741,133742],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,133743,133744,133746,133748],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,133745,1875],{"class":66},[60,133747,12130],{"class":70},[60,133749,133750],{"class":66}," easy\n",[553,133752,133754],{"id":133753},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[51,133756,133758],{"className":53,"code":133757,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133759,133760,133795,133817,133821],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,133761,133762,133764,133766,133768,133770,133773,133775,133777,133779,133782,133784,133786,133788,133791,133793],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,133763,777],{"class":66},[60,133765,71],{"class":70},[60,133767,75],{"class":74},[60,133769,256],{"class":255},[60,133771,133772],{"class":259},"apples",[60,133774,256],{"class":255},[60,133776,82],{"class":74},[60,133778,267],{"class":255},[60,133780,133781],{"class":259},"bananas",[60,133783,256],{"class":255},[60,133785,82],{"class":74},[60,133787,267],{"class":255},[60,133789,133790],{"class":259},"oranges",[60,133792,256],{"class":255},[60,133794,101],{"class":74},[60,133796,133797,133799,133801,133803,133805,133807,133809,133811,133813,133815],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,133798,107],{"class":66},[60,133800,71],{"class":70},[60,133802,267],{"class":255},[60,133804,2154],{"class":259},[60,133806,256],{"class":255},[60,133808,115],{"class":74},[60,133810,133274],{"class":118},[60,133812,122],{"class":74},[60,133814,828],{"class":118},[60,133816,128],{"class":74},[60,133818,133819],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,133820,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,133822,133823,133825,133827,133829],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,133824,135],{"class":134},[60,133826,122],{"class":74},[60,133828,140],{"class":118},[60,133830,128],{"class":74},[20,133832,318],{},[51,133834,133836],{"className":53,"code":133835,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,133837,133838],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,133839,133840,133842,133844,133847,133849],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,133841,133772],{"class":66},[60,133843,82],{"class":74},[60,133845,133846],{"class":66}," bananas",[60,133848,82],{"class":74},[60,133850,133851],{"class":66}," oranges\n",[553,133853,133855],{"id":133854},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[51,133857,133859],{"className":53,"code":133858,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133860,133861,133918,133936,133940],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,133862,133863,133865,133867,133869,133871,133874,133876,133878,133880,133882,133884,133886,133888,133890,133892,133894,133896,133898,133900,133902,133904,133906,133908,133910,133912,133914,133916],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,133864,248],{"class":66},[60,133866,71],{"class":70},[60,133868,75],{"class":74},[60,133870,256],{"class":255},[60,133872,133873],{"class":259},"P",[60,133875,256],{"class":255},[60,133877,82],{"class":74},[60,133879,267],{"class":255},[60,133881,11682],{"class":259},[60,133883,256],{"class":255},[60,133885,82],{"class":74},[60,133887,267],{"class":255},[60,133889,63046],{"class":259},[60,133891,256],{"class":255},[60,133893,82],{"class":74},[60,133895,267],{"class":255},[60,133897,60197],{"class":259},[60,133899,256],{"class":255},[60,133901,82],{"class":74},[60,133903,267],{"class":255},[60,133905,60232],{"class":259},[60,133907,256],{"class":255},[60,133909,82],{"class":74},[60,133911,267],{"class":255},[60,133913,75790],{"class":259},[60,133915,256],{"class":255},[60,133917,101],{"class":74},[60,133919,133920,133922,133924,133926,133928,133930,133932,133934],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,133921,107],{"class":66},[60,133923,71],{"class":70},[60,133925,6070],{"class":255},[60,133927,115],{"class":74},[60,133929,133274],{"class":118},[60,133931,122],{"class":74},[60,133933,300],{"class":118},[60,133935,128],{"class":74},[60,133937,133938],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,133939,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,133941,133942,133944,133946,133948],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,133943,135],{"class":134},[60,133945,122],{"class":74},[60,133947,140],{"class":118},[60,133949,128],{"class":74},[20,133951,318],{},[51,133953,133955],{"className":53,"code":133954,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Python\n",[15,133956,133957],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,133958,133959],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,133960,133954],{"class":66},[553,133962,133964,133965,133967],{"id":133963},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,133966,133197],{}," returns the result",[51,133969,133971],{"className":53,"code":133970,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,133972,133973,134006,134029,134033],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,133974,133975,133977,133979,133981,133983,133985,133987,133989,133991,133993,133995,133997,133999,134002,134004],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,133976,566],{"class":66},[60,133978,71],{"class":70},[60,133980,75],{"class":74},[60,133982,256],{"class":255},[60,133984,6527],{"class":259},[60,133986,256],{"class":255},[60,133988,82],{"class":74},[60,133990,267],{"class":255},[60,133992,79031],{"class":259},[60,133994,256],{"class":255},[60,133996,82],{"class":74},[60,133998,267],{"class":255},[60,134000,134001],{"class":259},"three",[60,134003,256],{"class":255},[60,134005,101],{"class":74},[60,134007,134008,134011,134013,134015,134017,134019,134021,134023,134025,134027],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,134009,134010],{"class":66},"joined_text ",[60,134012,71],{"class":70},[60,134014,267],{"class":255},[60,134016,1991],{"class":259},[60,134018,256],{"class":255},[60,134020,115],{"class":74},[60,134022,133274],{"class":118},[60,134024,122],{"class":74},[60,134026,605],{"class":118},[60,134028,128],{"class":74},[60,134030,134031],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,134032,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,134034,134035,134037,134039,134042],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,134036,135],{"class":134},[60,134038,122],{"class":74},[60,134040,134041],{"class":118},"joined_text",[60,134043,128],{"class":74},[20,134045,318],{},[51,134047,134049],{"className":53,"code":134048,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"one-two-three\n",[15,134050,134051],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,134052,134053,134055,134057,134059,134061],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,134054,6527],{"class":66},[60,134056,1991],{"class":70},[60,134058,79031],{"class":66},[60,134060,1991],{"class":70},[60,134062,134063],{"class":66},"three\n",[46,134065,134067],{"id":134066},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,134069,134070],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[553,134072,134074,134077],{"id":134073},"join-adds-spaces",[15,134075,134076],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[51,134079,134081],{"className":53,"code":134080,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,134082,134083,134107],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,134084,134085,134087,134089,134091,134093,134095,134097,134099,134101,134103,134105],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,134086,566],{"class":66},[60,134088,71],{"class":70},[60,134090,75],{"class":74},[60,134092,256],{"class":255},[60,134094,3801],{"class":259},[60,134096,256],{"class":255},[60,134098,82],{"class":74},[60,134100,267],{"class":255},[60,134102,60350],{"class":259},[60,134104,256],{"class":255},[60,134106,101],{"class":74},[60,134108,134109,134111,134113,134115,134117,134119,134121,134123,134125],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,134110,135],{"class":134},[60,134112,122],{"class":74},[60,134114,256],{"class":255},[60,134116,267],{"class":255},[60,134118,115],{"class":74},[60,134120,133274],{"class":118},[60,134122,122],{"class":74},[60,134124,605],{"class":118},[60,134126,315],{"class":74},[20,134128,318],{},[51,134130,134132],{"className":53,"code":134131,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"hello world\n",[15,134133,134134],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,134135,134136],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,134137,134131],{"class":66},[553,134139,134141,134144],{"id":134140},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,134142,134143],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[51,134146,134148],{"className":53,"code":134147,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,134149,134150,134182],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,134151,134152,134154,134156,134158,134160,134162,134164,134166,134168,134170,134172,134174,134176,134178,134180],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,134153,377],{"class":66},[60,134155,71],{"class":70},[60,134157,75],{"class":74},[60,134159,256],{"class":255},[60,134161,386],{"class":259},[60,134163,256],{"class":255},[60,134165,82],{"class":74},[60,134167,267],{"class":255},[60,134169,395],{"class":259},[60,134171,256],{"class":255},[60,134173,82],{"class":74},[60,134175,267],{"class":255},[60,134177,404],{"class":259},[60,134179,256],{"class":255},[60,134181,101],{"class":74},[60,134183,134184,134186,134188,134190,134192,134194,134196,134198,134200,134202],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,134185,135],{"class":134},[60,134187,122],{"class":74},[60,134189,256],{"class":255},[60,134191,2154],{"class":259},[60,134193,256],{"class":255},[60,134195,115],{"class":74},[60,134197,133274],{"class":118},[60,134199,122],{"class":74},[60,134201,431],{"class":118},[60,134203,315],{"class":74},[20,134205,318],{},[51,134207,134209],{"className":53,"code":134208,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"red, blue, green\n",[15,134210,134211],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,134212,134213,134215,134217,134220,134222],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,134214,386],{"class":66},[60,134216,82],{"class":74},[60,134218,134219],{"class":66}," blue",[60,134221,82],{"class":74},[60,134223,35809],{"class":66},[20,134225,134226],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[553,134228,134230,134233],{"id":134229},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,134231,134232],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[51,134235,134237],{"className":53,"code":134236,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,134238,134239,134271],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,134240,134241,134243,134245,134247,134249,134251,134253,134255,134257,134259,134261,134263,134265,134267,134269],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,134242,42768],{"class":66},[60,134244,71],{"class":70},[60,134246,75],{"class":74},[60,134248,256],{"class":255},[60,134250,55],{"class":259},[60,134252,256],{"class":255},[60,134254,82],{"class":74},[60,134256,267],{"class":255},[60,134258,60933],{"class":259},[60,134260,256],{"class":255},[60,134262,82],{"class":74},[60,134264,267],{"class":255},[60,134266,133274],{"class":259},[60,134268,256],{"class":255},[60,134270,101],{"class":74},[60,134272,134273,134275,134277,134279,134281,134283,134285,134287,134289,134291],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,134274,135],{"class":134},[60,134276,122],{"class":74},[60,134278,256],{"class":255},[60,134280,1991],{"class":259},[60,134282,256],{"class":255},[60,134284,115],{"class":74},[60,134286,133274],{"class":118},[60,134288,122],{"class":74},[60,134290,42800],{"class":118},[60,134292,315],{"class":74},[20,134294,318],{},[51,134296,134298],{"className":53,"code":134297,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"python-string-join\n",[15,134299,134300],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,134301,134302,134304,134306,134308,134310],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,134303,55],{"class":66},[60,134305,1991],{"class":70},[60,134307,60933],{"class":66},[60,134309,1991],{"class":70},[60,134311,134312],{"class":66},"join\n",[553,134314,134316,134319],{"id":134315},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,134317,134318],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[51,134321,134323],{"className":53,"code":134322,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,134324,134325,134358],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,134326,134327,134329,134331,134333,134335,134337,134339,134341,134343,134345,134347,134349,134351,134354,134356],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,134328,112694],{"class":66},[60,134330,71],{"class":70},[60,134332,75],{"class":74},[60,134334,256],{"class":255},[60,134336,22178],{"class":259},[60,134338,256],{"class":255},[60,134340,82],{"class":74},[60,134342,267],{"class":255},[60,134344,30532],{"class":259},[60,134346,256],{"class":255},[60,134348,82],{"class":74},[60,134350,267],{"class":255},[60,134352,134353],{"class":259},"C",[60,134355,256],{"class":255},[60,134357,101],{"class":74},[60,134359,134360,134362,134364,134366,134368,134370,134372,134375],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,134361,135],{"class":134},[60,134363,122],{"class":74},[60,134365,6213],{"class":255},[60,134367,115],{"class":74},[60,134369,133274],{"class":118},[60,134371,122],{"class":74},[60,134373,134374],{"class":118},"chars",[60,134376,315],{"class":74},[20,134378,318],{},[51,134380,134382],{"className":53,"code":134381,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"ABC\n",[15,134383,134384],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,134385,134386],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,134387,134381],{"class":34386},[46,134389,134391],{"id":134390},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,134393,134394,134396],{},[15,134395,133197],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[553,134398,134400],{"id":134399},"this-works","This works",[51,134402,134404],{"className":53,"code":134403,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134405,134406,134438],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,134407,134408,134410,134412,134414,134416,134418,134420,134422,134424,134426,134428,134430,134432,134434,134436],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,134409,674],{"class":66},[60,134411,71],{"class":70},[60,134413,75],{"class":74},[60,134415,256],{"class":255},[60,134417,873],{"class":259},[60,134419,256],{"class":255},[60,134421,82],{"class":74},[60,134423,267],{"class":255},[60,134425,15689],{"class":259},[60,134427,256],{"class":255},[60,134429,82],{"class":74},[60,134431,267],{"class":255},[60,134433,36776],{"class":259},[60,134435,256],{"class":255},[60,134437,101],{"class":74},[60,134439,134440,134442,134444,134446,134448,134450,134452,134454,134456,134458],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,134441,135],{"class":134},[60,134443,122],{"class":74},[60,134445,256],{"class":255},[60,134447,2154],{"class":259},[60,134449,256],{"class":255},[60,134451,115],{"class":74},[60,134453,133274],{"class":118},[60,134455,122],{"class":74},[60,134457,706],{"class":118},[60,134459,315],{"class":74},[20,134461,318],{},[51,134463,134465],{"className":53,"code":134464,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,134466,134467],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,134468,134469,134471,134473,134475,134477],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,134470,873],{"class":78},[60,134472,82],{"class":74},[60,134474,878],{"class":78},[60,134476,82],{"class":74},[60,134478,134479],{"class":78}," 30\n",[553,134481,134483],{"id":134482},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[51,134485,134487],{"className":53,"code":134486,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134488,134489,134509],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,134490,134491,134493,134495,134497,134499,134501,134503,134505,134507],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,134492,674],{"class":66},[60,134494,71],{"class":70},[60,134496,75],{"class":74},[60,134498,79],{"class":78},[60,134500,82],{"class":74},[60,134502,85],{"class":78},[60,134504,82],{"class":74},[60,134506,94],{"class":78},[60,134508,101],{"class":74},[60,134510,134511,134513,134515,134517,134519,134521,134523,134525,134527,134529],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,134512,135],{"class":134},[60,134514,122],{"class":74},[60,134516,256],{"class":255},[60,134518,2154],{"class":259},[60,134520,256],{"class":255},[60,134522,115],{"class":74},[60,134524,133274],{"class":118},[60,134526,122],{"class":74},[60,134528,706],{"class":118},[60,134530,315],{"class":74},[20,134532,90071,134533,134535],{},[15,134534,2964],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,134537,134538],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[51,134540,134542],{"className":53,"code":134541,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134543,134544,134564,134594,134598],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,134545,134546,134548,134550,134552,134554,134556,134558,134560,134562],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,134547,674],{"class":66},[60,134549,71],{"class":70},[60,134551,75],{"class":74},[60,134553,79],{"class":78},[60,134555,82],{"class":74},[60,134557,85],{"class":78},[60,134559,82],{"class":74},[60,134561,94],{"class":78},[60,134563,101],{"class":74},[60,134565,134566,134568,134570,134572,134574,134576,134578,134580,134582,134584,134586,134588,134590,134592],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,134567,107],{"class":66},[60,134569,71],{"class":70},[60,134571,267],{"class":255},[60,134573,2154],{"class":259},[60,134575,256],{"class":255},[60,134577,115],{"class":74},[60,134579,133274],{"class":118},[60,134581,122],{"class":74},[60,134583,39793],{"class":134},[60,134585,122],{"class":74},[60,134587,3405],{"class":1656},[60,134589,82],{"class":74},[60,134591,3840],{"class":118},[60,134593,315],{"class":74},[60,134595,134596],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,134597,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,134599,134600,134602,134604,134606],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,134601,135],{"class":134},[60,134603,122],{"class":74},[60,134605,140],{"class":118},[60,134607,128],{"class":74},[20,134609,318],{},[51,134611,134613],{"className":53,"code":134612,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,134614,134615],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,134616,134617,134619,134621,134623,134625],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,134618,79],{"class":78},[60,134620,82],{"class":74},[60,134622,85],{"class":78},[60,134624,82],{"class":74},[60,134626,2538],{"class":78},[20,134628,134629,134630,115],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[260,134631,1875,134632,3471],{"href":42107},[15,134633,47614],{},[553,134635,134637,134639],{"id":134636},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,134638,3734],{}," values do not work directly",[51,134641,134643],{"className":53,"code":134642,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134644,134645,134673],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,134646,134647,134649,134651,134653,134655,134657,134659,134661,134663,134665,134667,134669,134671],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,134648,674],{"class":66},[60,134650,71],{"class":70},[60,134652,75],{"class":74},[60,134654,256],{"class":255},[60,134656,575],{"class":259},[60,134658,256],{"class":255},[60,134660,82],{"class":74},[60,134662,3808],{"class":685},[60,134664,82],{"class":74},[60,134666,267],{"class":255},[60,134668,1392],{"class":259},[60,134670,256],{"class":255},[60,134672,101],{"class":74},[60,134674,134675,134677,134679,134681,134683,134685,134687,134689,134691,134693],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,134676,135],{"class":134},[60,134678,122],{"class":74},[60,134680,256],{"class":255},[60,134682,2154],{"class":259},[60,134684,256],{"class":255},[60,134686,115],{"class":74},[60,134688,133274],{"class":118},[60,134690,122],{"class":74},[60,134692,706],{"class":118},[60,134694,315],{"class":74},[20,134696,134697,134698,115],{},"This also causes a ",[15,134699,2964],{},[20,134701,134702],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[51,134704,134706],{"className":53,"code":134705,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134707,134708,134736,134766,134770],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,134709,134710,134712,134714,134716,134718,134720,134722,134724,134726,134728,134730,134732,134734],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,134711,674],{"class":66},[60,134713,71],{"class":70},[60,134715,75],{"class":74},[60,134717,256],{"class":255},[60,134719,575],{"class":259},[60,134721,256],{"class":255},[60,134723,82],{"class":74},[60,134725,3808],{"class":685},[60,134727,82],{"class":74},[60,134729,267],{"class":255},[60,134731,1392],{"class":259},[60,134733,256],{"class":255},[60,134735,101],{"class":74},[60,134737,134738,134740,134742,134744,134746,134748,134750,134752,134754,134756,134758,134760,134762,134764],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,134739,107],{"class":66},[60,134741,71],{"class":70},[60,134743,267],{"class":255},[60,134745,2154],{"class":259},[60,134747,256],{"class":255},[60,134749,115],{"class":74},[60,134751,133274],{"class":118},[60,134753,122],{"class":74},[60,134755,39793],{"class":134},[60,134757,122],{"class":74},[60,134759,3405],{"class":1656},[60,134761,82],{"class":74},[60,134763,3840],{"class":118},[60,134765,315],{"class":74},[60,134767,134768],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,134769,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,134771,134772,134774,134776,134778],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,134773,135],{"class":134},[60,134775,122],{"class":74},[60,134777,140],{"class":118},[60,134779,128],{"class":74},[20,134781,318],{},[51,134783,134785],{"className":53,"code":134784,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,134786,134787],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,134788,134789,134791,134793,134795,134797],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,134790,575],{"class":66},[60,134792,82],{"class":74},[60,134794,3808],{"class":685},[60,134796,82],{"class":74},[60,134798,134799],{"class":66}," banana\n",[20,134801,134802,134803,134805],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,134804,3734],{}," values instead of converting them.",[553,134807,134809,134811],{"id":134808},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,134810,133197],{}," also works with tuples",[51,134813,134815],{"className":53,"code":134814,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,134816,134817,134849],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,134818,134819,134821,134823,134825,134827,134829,134831,134833,134835,134837,134839,134841,134843,134845,134847],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,134820,1559],{"class":66},[60,134822,71],{"class":70},[60,134824,9171],{"class":74},[60,134826,256],{"class":255},[60,134828,1568],{"class":259},[60,134830,256],{"class":255},[60,134832,82],{"class":74},[60,134834,267],{"class":255},[60,134836,131203],{"class":259},[60,134838,256],{"class":255},[60,134840,82],{"class":74},[60,134842,267],{"class":255},[60,134844,7861],{"class":259},[60,134846,256],{"class":255},[60,134848,128],{"class":74},[60,134850,134851,134853,134855,134857,134860,134862,134864,134866,134868,134870],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,134852,135],{"class":134},[60,134854,122],{"class":74},[60,134856,256],{"class":255},[60,134858,134859],{"class":259}," \u002F ",[60,134861,256],{"class":255},[60,134863,115],{"class":74},[60,134865,133274],{"class":118},[60,134867,122],{"class":74},[60,134869,1599],{"class":118},[60,134871,315],{"class":74},[20,134873,318],{},[51,134875,134877],{"className":53,"code":134876,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,134878,134879],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,134880,134881,134884,134886,134889,134891],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,134882,134883],{"class":66},"Sam ",[60,134885,127007],{"class":70},[60,134887,134888],{"class":66}," Lee ",[60,134890,127007],{"class":70},[60,134892,22267],{"class":66},[46,134894,134896,134897],{"id":134895},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,134898,133197],{},[20,134900,134901],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[553,134903,134905,134906,134908],{"id":134904},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,134907,2964],{}," because not all items are strings",[51,134910,134912],{"className":53,"code":134911,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,134913,134914,134942],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,134915,134916,134918,134920,134922,134924,134926,134928,134930,134932,134934,134936,134938,134940],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,134917,777],{"class":66},[60,134919,71],{"class":70},[60,134921,75],{"class":74},[60,134923,256],{"class":255},[60,134925,260],{"class":259},[60,134927,256],{"class":255},[60,134929,82],{"class":74},[60,134931,85],{"class":78},[60,134933,82],{"class":74},[60,134935,267],{"class":255},[60,134937,287],{"class":259},[60,134939,256],{"class":255},[60,134941,101],{"class":74},[60,134943,134944,134946,134948,134950,134952,134954,134956,134958,134960],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,134945,135],{"class":134},[60,134947,122],{"class":74},[60,134949,256],{"class":255},[60,134951,267],{"class":255},[60,134953,115],{"class":74},[60,134955,133274],{"class":118},[60,134957,122],{"class":74},[60,134959,828],{"class":118},[60,134961,315],{"class":74},[20,134963,48441,134964,134966],{},[15,134965,125],{}," is an integer.",[20,134968,39195],{},[51,134970,134972],{"className":53,"code":134971,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,134973,134974,135002],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,134975,134976,134978,134980,134982,134984,134986,134988,134990,134992,134994,134996,134998,135000],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,134977,777],{"class":66},[60,134979,71],{"class":70},[60,134981,75],{"class":74},[60,134983,256],{"class":255},[60,134985,260],{"class":259},[60,134987,256],{"class":255},[60,134989,82],{"class":74},[60,134991,85],{"class":78},[60,134993,82],{"class":74},[60,134995,267],{"class":255},[60,134997,287],{"class":259},[60,134999,256],{"class":255},[60,135001,101],{"class":74},[60,135003,135004,135006,135008,135010,135012,135014,135016,135018,135020,135022,135024,135026,135028],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,135005,135],{"class":134},[60,135007,122],{"class":74},[60,135009,256],{"class":255},[60,135011,267],{"class":255},[60,135013,115],{"class":74},[60,135015,133274],{"class":118},[60,135017,122],{"class":74},[60,135019,39793],{"class":134},[60,135021,122],{"class":74},[60,135023,3405],{"class":1656},[60,135025,82],{"class":74},[60,135027,5910],{"class":118},[60,135029,2872],{"class":74},[20,135031,135032,135033,115],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[260,135034,25612,135036],{"href":135035},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,135037,135038],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[553,135040,135042,135043,135045],{"id":135041},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,135044,133197],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,135047,4475],{},[51,135049,135051],{"className":53,"code":135050,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,135052,135053,135085],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,135054,135055,135057,135059,135061,135063,135065,135067,135069,135071,135073,135075,135077,135079,135081,135083],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,135056,566],{"class":66},[60,135058,71],{"class":70},[60,135060,75],{"class":74},[60,135062,256],{"class":255},[60,135064,7239],{"class":259},[60,135066,256],{"class":255},[60,135068,82],{"class":74},[60,135070,267],{"class":255},[60,135072,12130],{"class":259},[60,135074,256],{"class":255},[60,135076,82],{"class":74},[60,135078,267],{"class":255},[60,135080,133255],{"class":259},[60,135082,256],{"class":255},[60,135084,101],{"class":74},[60,135086,135087,135089,135091,135093,135095,135097,135099,135101,135103],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,135088,107],{"class":66},[60,135090,71],{"class":70},[60,135092,998],{"class":66},[60,135094,115],{"class":74},[60,135096,133274],{"class":118},[60,135098,122],{"class":74},[60,135100,256],{"class":255},[60,135102,267],{"class":255},[60,135104,128],{"class":74},[20,135106,135107,135109],{},[15,135108,133197],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,135111,10743],{},[51,135113,135115],{"className":53,"code":135114,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135116,135117,135149,135169,135173],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,135118,135119,135121,135123,135125,135127,135129,135131,135133,135135,135137,135139,135141,135143,135145,135147],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,135120,566],{"class":66},[60,135122,71],{"class":70},[60,135124,75],{"class":74},[60,135126,256],{"class":255},[60,135128,7239],{"class":259},[60,135130,256],{"class":255},[60,135132,82],{"class":74},[60,135134,267],{"class":255},[60,135136,12130],{"class":259},[60,135138,256],{"class":255},[60,135140,82],{"class":74},[60,135142,267],{"class":255},[60,135144,133255],{"class":259},[60,135146,256],{"class":255},[60,135148,101],{"class":74},[60,135150,135151,135153,135155,135157,135159,135161,135163,135165,135167],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,135152,107],{"class":66},[60,135154,71],{"class":70},[60,135156,267],{"class":255},[60,135158,267],{"class":255},[60,135160,115],{"class":74},[60,135162,133274],{"class":118},[60,135164,122],{"class":74},[60,135166,605],{"class":118},[60,135168,128],{"class":74},[60,135170,135171],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,135172,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,135174,135175,135177,135179,135181],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,135176,135],{"class":134},[60,135178,122],{"class":74},[60,135180,140],{"class":118},[60,135182,128],{"class":74},[553,135184,135186],{"id":135185},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[51,135188,135190],{"className":53,"code":135189,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,135191,135192,135224],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,135193,135194,135196,135198,135200,135202,135204,135206,135208,135210,135212,135214,135216,135218,135220,135222],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,135195,566],{"class":66},[60,135197,71],{"class":70},[60,135199,75],{"class":74},[60,135201,256],{"class":255},[60,135203,6527],{"class":259},[60,135205,256],{"class":255},[60,135207,82],{"class":74},[60,135209,267],{"class":255},[60,135211,79031],{"class":259},[60,135213,256],{"class":255},[60,135215,82],{"class":74},[60,135217,267],{"class":255},[60,135219,134001],{"class":259},[60,135221,256],{"class":255},[60,135223,101],{"class":74},[60,135225,135226,135228,135230,135232,135234,135236,135238,135240],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,135227,135],{"class":134},[60,135229,122],{"class":74},[60,135231,6213],{"class":255},[60,135233,115],{"class":74},[60,135235,133274],{"class":118},[60,135237,122],{"class":74},[60,135239,605],{"class":118},[60,135241,315],{"class":74},[20,135243,318],{},[51,135245,135247],{"className":53,"code":135246,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"onetwothree\n",[15,135248,135249],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,135250,135251],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,135252,135246],{"class":66},[20,135254,135255,135256,6573],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,135257,133342],{},[553,135259,135261,135262,131465],{"id":135260},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,135263,133197],{},[51,135265,135267],{"className":53,"code":135266,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,135268,135269,135301,135319,135323],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,135270,135271,135273,135275,135277,135279,135281,135283,135285,135287,135289,135291,135293,135295,135297,135299],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,135272,566],{"class":66},[60,135274,71],{"class":70},[60,135276,75],{"class":74},[60,135278,256],{"class":255},[60,135280,260],{"class":259},[60,135282,256],{"class":255},[60,135284,82],{"class":74},[60,135286,267],{"class":255},[60,135288,270],{"class":259},[60,135290,256],{"class":255},[60,135292,82],{"class":74},[60,135294,267],{"class":255},[60,135296,287],{"class":259},[60,135298,256],{"class":255},[60,135300,101],{"class":74},[60,135302,135303,135305,135307,135309,135311,135313,135315,135317],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,135304,256],{"class":43260},[60,135306,1991],{"class":43264},[60,135308,256],{"class":43260},[60,135310,115],{"class":74},[60,135312,133274],{"class":118},[60,135314,122],{"class":74},[60,135316,605],{"class":118},[60,135318,128],{"class":74},[60,135320,135321],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,135322,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,135324,135325,135327,135329,135331],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,135326,135],{"class":134},[60,135328,122],{"class":74},[60,135330,605],{"class":118},[60,135332,128],{"class":74},[20,135334,318],{},[51,135336,135337],{"className":53,"code":42807,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,135338,135339],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,135340,135341,135343,135345,135347,135349,135351,135353,135355,135357,135359,135361,135363,135365],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,135342,3854],{"class":74},[60,135344,3261],{"class":255},[60,135346,260],{"class":259},[60,135348,3261],{"class":255},[60,135350,82],{"class":74},[60,135352,3256],{"class":255},[60,135354,270],{"class":259},[60,135356,3261],{"class":255},[60,135358,82],{"class":74},[60,135360,3256],{"class":255},[60,135362,287],{"class":259},[60,135364,3261],{"class":255},[60,135366,101],{"class":74},[20,135368,135369,135370,135372],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,135371,133197],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[46,135374,135376,135378,135379],{"id":135375},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,135377,133197],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,135380,2028],{},[20,135382,10526,135383,544,135385,135387],{},[15,135384,133197],{},[15,135386,2028],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[553,135389,150,135391,135393],{"id":135390},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,135392,2028],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[51,135395,135397],{"className":53,"code":135396,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135398,135399,135412,135425,135445,135449],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,135400,135401,135404,135406,135408,135410],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,135402,135403],{"class":66},"first ",[60,135405,71],{"class":70},[60,135407,267],{"class":255},[60,135409,34801],{"class":259},[60,135411,3320],{"class":255},[60,135413,135414,135417,135419,135421,135423],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,135415,135416],{"class":66},"second ",[60,135418,71],{"class":70},[60,135420,267],{"class":255},[60,135422,89500],{"class":259},[60,135424,3320],{"class":255},[60,135426,135427,135429,135431,135434,135436,135438,135440,135442],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,135428,107],{"class":66},[60,135430,71],{"class":70},[60,135432,135433],{"class":66}," first ",[60,135435,2028],{"class":70},[60,135437,267],{"class":255},[60,135439,267],{"class":255},[60,135441,2417],{"class":70},[60,135443,135444],{"class":66}," second\n",[60,135446,135447],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,135448,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,135450,135451,135453,135455,135457],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,135452,135],{"class":134},[60,135454,122],{"class":74},[60,135456,140],{"class":118},[60,135458,128],{"class":74},[20,135460,318],{},[51,135462,135464],{"className":53,"code":135463,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Hello World\n",[15,135465,135466],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,135467,135468],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,135469,135463],{"class":66},[553,135471,150,135473,135475],{"id":135472},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,135474,133197],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[51,135477,135479],{"className":53,"code":135478,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135480,135481,135523,135543,135547],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,135482,135483,135485,135487,135489,135491,135493,135495,135497,135499,135502,135504,135506,135508,135511,135513,135515,135517,135519,135521],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,135484,566],{"class":66},[60,135486,71],{"class":70},[60,135488,75],{"class":74},[60,135490,256],{"class":255},[60,135492,7239],{"class":259},[60,135494,256],{"class":255},[60,135496,82],{"class":74},[60,135498,267],{"class":255},[60,135500,135501],{"class":259},"makes",[60,135503,256],{"class":255},[60,135505,82],{"class":74},[60,135507,267],{"class":255},[60,135509,135510],{"class":259},"this",[60,135512,256],{"class":255},[60,135514,82],{"class":74},[60,135516,267],{"class":255},[60,135518,133696],{"class":259},[60,135520,256],{"class":255},[60,135522,101],{"class":74},[60,135524,135525,135527,135529,135531,135533,135535,135537,135539,135541],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,135526,107],{"class":66},[60,135528,71],{"class":70},[60,135530,267],{"class":255},[60,135532,267],{"class":255},[60,135534,115],{"class":74},[60,135536,133274],{"class":118},[60,135538,122],{"class":74},[60,135540,605],{"class":118},[60,135542,128],{"class":74},[60,135544,135545],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,135546,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,135548,135549,135551,135553,135555],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,135550,135],{"class":134},[60,135552,122],{"class":74},[60,135554,140],{"class":118},[60,135556,128],{"class":74},[20,135558,318],{},[51,135560,135562],{"className":53,"code":135561,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,135563,135564],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,135565,135566],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,135567,135561],{"class":66},[20,135569,135570,135572],{},[15,135571,133197],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[30,135574,135575,135578,135581],{},[33,135576,135577],{},"You already have a list of strings",[33,135579,135580],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[33,135582,135583,135584,135586],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,135585,2028],{}," operators",[20,135588,135589,135590,115],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[260,135591,135593],{"href":135592},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[46,135595,135597],{"id":135596},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,135599,8810,135600,135602],{},[15,135601,133197],{}," is not working, check these first:",[30,135604,135605,135608,135613,135622,135628],{},[33,135606,135607],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[33,135609,135610,135611],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,135612,3734],{},[33,135614,135615,135616,11028,135619],{},"You may have written ",[15,135617,135618],{},"list.join(...)",[15,135620,135621],{},"string.join(...)",[33,135623,135624,135625,135627],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,135626,133197],{}," to change the original iterable",[33,135629,135630],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,135632,94140],{},[51,135634,135636],{"className":53,"code":135635,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,135637,135638,135652,135662,135686,135726],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,135639,135640,135642,135644,135646,135648,135650],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,135641,135],{"class":134},[60,135643,122],{"class":74},[60,135645,1657],{"class":1656},[60,135647,122],{"class":74},[60,135649,828],{"class":118},[60,135651,315],{"class":74},[60,135653,135654,135656,135658,135660],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,135655,135],{"class":134},[60,135657,122],{"class":74},[60,135659,828],{"class":118},[60,135661,128],{"class":74},[60,135663,135664,135666,135668,135670,135672,135674,135676,135678,135680,135682,135684],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,135665,135],{"class":134},[60,135667,835],{"class":74},[60,135669,1657],{"class":1656},[60,135671,122],{"class":74},[60,135673,1728],{"class":118},[60,135675,143],{"class":74},[60,135677,3832],{"class":1537},[60,135679,1705],{"class":118},[60,135681,511],{"class":1537},[60,135683,5910],{"class":118},[60,135685,1193],{"class":74},[60,135687,135688,135690,135692,135694,135696,135698,135700,135702,135704,135706,135708,135710,135712,135714,135716,135718,135720,135722,135724],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,135689,135],{"class":134},[60,135691,122],{"class":74},[60,135693,3261],{"class":255},[60,135695,3256],{"class":255},[60,135697,115],{"class":74},[60,135699,133274],{"class":118},[60,135701,835],{"class":74},[60,135703,3261],{"class":255},[60,135705,260],{"class":259},[60,135707,3261],{"class":255},[60,135709,82],{"class":74},[60,135711,3256],{"class":255},[60,135713,270],{"class":259},[60,135715,3261],{"class":255},[60,135717,82],{"class":74},[60,135719,3256],{"class":255},[60,135721,287],{"class":259},[60,135723,3261],{"class":255},[60,135725,2958],{"class":74},[60,135727,135728,135730,135732,135734,135736,135738,135740,135742,135744,135746,135748,135750,135752,135754,135756,135758,135760,135762,135764],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,135729,135],{"class":134},[60,135731,122],{"class":74},[60,135733,3261],{"class":255},[60,135735,2154],{"class":259},[60,135737,3261],{"class":255},[60,135739,115],{"class":74},[60,135741,133274],{"class":118},[60,135743,122],{"class":74},[60,135745,39793],{"class":134},[60,135747,122],{"class":74},[60,135749,3405],{"class":1656},[60,135751,82],{"class":74},[60,135753,75],{"class":74},[60,135755,79],{"class":78},[60,135757,82],{"class":74},[60,135759,85],{"class":78},[60,135761,82],{"class":74},[60,135763,94],{"class":78},[60,135765,37199],{"class":74},[20,135767,135768],{},"What these checks do:",[30,135770,135771,135779,135785,135791,135800],{},[33,135772,135773,135776,135777,8036],{},[15,135774,135775],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,135778,828],{},[33,135780,135781,135784],{},[15,135782,135783],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[33,135786,135787,135790],{},[15,135788,135789],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[33,135792,135793,135796,135797,135799],{},[15,135794,135795],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,135798,133197],{}," behavior",[33,135801,135802,135805],{},[15,135803,135804],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[46,135807,1773],{"id":1772},[553,135809,1777,135811,135813],{"id":135810},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,135812,133197],{}," work with numbers?",[20,135815,135816,135817,135819,135820,115],{},"Not directly. ",[15,135818,133197],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,135821,135822],{},"map(str, values)",[553,135824,1777,135826,57085],{"id":135825},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,135827,133197],{},[20,135829,135830],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[553,135832,28261,135834,62394],{"id":135833},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,135835,133197],{},[20,135837,1812,135838,135840],{},[15,135839,133197],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[553,135842,5090,135844,39894],{"id":135843},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,135845,135846],{},"''.join(words)",[20,135848,135849],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[553,135851,135853,135854,135856,135857,1435],{"id":135852},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,135855,2964],{}," when using ",[15,135858,133197],{},[20,135860,135861],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[46,135863,1842],{"id":1841},[30,135865,135866,135871,135877,135883,135889],{},[33,135867,135868],{},[260,135869,135870],{"href":135592},"How to join strings in Python",[33,135872,135873],{},[260,135874,126115,135875,1869],{"href":128802},[15,135876,60290],{},[33,135878,135879],{},[260,135880,1875,135881,3471],{"href":42107},[15,135882,47614],{},[33,135884,135885],{},[260,135886,30279,135887],{"href":135035},[15,135888,135038],{},[33,135890,135891],{},[260,135892,124870],{"href":50904},[20,135894,97110,135895,135897],{},[15,135896,133197],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[1885,135899,135900],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":135902},[135903,135904,135906,135909,135916,135926,135934,135944,135951,135952,135964],{"id":48,"depth":104,"text":49},{"id":133314,"depth":104,"text":135905},"What join() does",{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199,"children":135907},[135908],{"id":48940,"depth":131,"text":48941},{"id":121645,"depth":104,"text":121646,"children":135910},[135911,135912,135913,135914],{"id":133661,"depth":131,"text":133662},{"id":133753,"depth":131,"text":133754},{"id":133854,"depth":131,"text":133855},{"id":133963,"depth":131,"text":135915},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134066,"depth":104,"text":134067,"children":135917},[135918,135920,135922,135924],{"id":134073,"depth":131,"text":135919},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134140,"depth":131,"text":135921},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134229,"depth":131,"text":135923},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134315,"depth":131,"text":135925},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134390,"depth":104,"text":134391,"children":135927},[135928,135929,135930,135932],{"id":134399,"depth":131,"text":134400},{"id":134482,"depth":131,"text":134483},{"id":134636,"depth":131,"text":135931},"None values do not work directly",{"id":134808,"depth":131,"text":135933},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":134895,"depth":104,"text":135935,"children":135936},"Common errors with join()",[135937,135939,135941,135942],{"id":134904,"depth":131,"text":135938},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135041,"depth":131,"text":135940},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135185,"depth":131,"text":135186},{"id":135260,"depth":131,"text":135943},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135375,"depth":104,"text":135945,"children":135946},"join() vs concatenation with +",[135947,135949],{"id":135390,"depth":131,"text":135948},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135472,"depth":131,"text":135950},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135596,"depth":104,"text":135597},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":135953},[135954,135956,135958,135960,135962],{"id":135810,"depth":131,"text":135955},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":135825,"depth":131,"text":135957},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":135833,"depth":131,"text":135959},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":135843,"depth":131,"text":135961},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":135852,"depth":131,"text":135963},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133189,"description":135965},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":135972,"title":135973,"body":135974,"description":137542,"extension":1930,"meta":137543,"navigation":421,"path":137544,"seo":137545,"stem":137546,"__hash__":137547},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":135975,"toc":137509},[135976,135981,135986,135988,136002,136047,136054,136059,136064,136066,136082,136091,136093,136095,136110,136112,136122,136124,136186,136188,136191,136252,136254,136270,136272,136285,136288,136335,136337,136343,136346,136349,136409,136417,136503,136507,136512,136514,136528,136531,136616,136619,136677,136688,136743,136745,136752,136758,136764,136808,136811,136858,136860,136862,136869,136871,136902,136905,136907,136938,136942,136945,136947,136987,136989,137032,137038,137043,137045,137072,137077,137080,137129,137133,137136,137211,137222,137225,137282,137289,137295,137303,137308,137315,137322,137340,137342,137396,137404,137406,137411,137414,137420,137426,137431,137434,137440,137446,137453,137461,137463,137506],[10,135977,123115,135979,18],{"id":135978},"python-string-lower-method",[15,135980,123845],{},[20,135982,123120,135983,135985],{},[15,135984,123845],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,135987,24019],{},[30,135989,135990,135993,135996,135999],{},[33,135991,135992],{},"convert text to lowercase",[33,135994,135995],{},"compare text without case differences",[33,135997,135998],{},"clean up user input",[33,136000,136001],{},"make simple text matching easier",[51,136003,136005],{"className":53,"code":136004,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,136006,136007,136020,136034],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,136008,136009,136011,136013,136015,136018],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,136010,34621],{"class":66},[60,136012,71],{"class":70},[60,136014,267],{"class":255},[60,136016,136017],{"class":259},"Hello WORLD",[60,136019,3320],{"class":255},[60,136021,136022,136024,136026,136028,136030,136032],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,136023,107],{"class":66},[60,136025,71],{"class":70},[60,136027,42773],{"class":66},[60,136029,115],{"class":74},[60,136031,8576],{"class":118},[60,136033,8579],{"class":74},[60,136035,136036,136038,136040,136042,136044],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,136037,135],{"class":134},[60,136039,122],{"class":74},[60,136041,140],{"class":118},[60,136043,143],{"class":74},[60,136045,136046],{"class":146},"  # hello world\n",[20,136048,136049,88723,136051,136053],{},[3698,136050,83581],{},[15,136052,123845],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[46,136055,158,136057,161],{"id":136056},"what-lower-does",[15,136058,123845],{},[20,136060,136061,136063],{},[15,136062,123845],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,136065,12989],{},[30,136067,136068,136073,136076,136079],{},[33,136069,136070,136072],{},[15,136071,123845],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[33,136074,136075],{},"It works on string objects",[33,136077,136078],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[33,136080,136081],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,136083,124867,136084,136088,136089,115],{},[260,136085,136087],{"href":136086},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[260,136090,50905],{"href":50904},[46,136092,199],{"id":198},[20,136094,202],{},[51,136096,136098],{"className":53,"code":136097,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"string.lower()\n",[15,136099,136100],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,136101,136102,136104,136106,136108],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,136103,60933],{"class":66},[60,136105,115],{"class":74},[60,136107,8576],{"class":118},[60,136109,8579],{"class":74},[20,136111,531],{},[30,136113,136114,136116,136119],{},[33,136115,97288],{},[33,136117,136118],{},"You call it directly on a string",[33,136120,136121],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,136123,238],{},[51,136125,136127],{"className":53,"code":136126,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,136128,136129,136152,136156,136169],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,136130,136131,136133,136135,136137,136140,136142,136144,136146,136149],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,136132,135],{"class":134},[60,136134,122],{"class":74},[60,136136,256],{"class":255},[60,136138,136139],{"class":259},"HELLO",[60,136141,256],{"class":255},[60,136143,115],{"class":74},[60,136145,8576],{"class":118},[60,136147,136148],{"class":74},"())",[60,136150,136151],{"class":146},"  # hello\n",[60,136153,136154],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,136155,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,136157,136158,136160,136162,136164,136167],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,136159,7816],{"class":66},[60,136161,71],{"class":70},[60,136163,267],{"class":255},[60,136165,136166],{"class":259},"PyThOn",[60,136168,3320],{"class":255},[60,136170,136171,136173,136175,136177,136179,136181,136183],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,136172,135],{"class":134},[60,136174,122],{"class":74},[60,136176,7611],{"class":118},[60,136178,115],{"class":74},[60,136180,8576],{"class":118},[60,136182,136148],{"class":74},[60,136184,136185],{"class":146},"  # python\n",[46,136187,11411],{"id":11410},[20,136189,136190],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[51,136192,136194],{"className":53,"code":136193,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,136195,136196,136208,136212,136227,136231,136242],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,136197,136198,136200,136202,136204,136206],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,136199,34621],{"class":66},[60,136201,71],{"class":70},[60,136203,267],{"class":255},[60,136205,136017],{"class":259},[60,136207,3320],{"class":255},[60,136209,136210],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,136211,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,136213,136214,136217,136219,136221,136223,136225],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,136215,136216],{"class":66},"lower_text ",[60,136218,71],{"class":70},[60,136220,42773],{"class":66},[60,136222,115],{"class":74},[60,136224,8576],{"class":118},[60,136226,8579],{"class":74},[60,136228,136229],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,136230,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,136232,136233,136235,136237,136240],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,136234,135],{"class":134},[60,136236,122],{"class":74},[60,136238,136239],{"class":118},"lower_text",[60,136241,128],{"class":74},[60,136243,136244,136246,136248,136250],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,136245,135],{"class":134},[60,136247,122],{"class":74},[60,136249,34642],{"class":118},[60,136251,128],{"class":74},[20,136253,318],{},[51,136255,136257],{"className":53,"code":136256,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,136258,136259,136263],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,136260,136261],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,136262,134131],{"class":66},[60,136264,136265,136267],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,136266,131531],{"class":66},[60,136268,136269],{"class":34386},"WORLD\n",[20,136271,24539],{},[30,136273,136274,136279],{},[33,136275,136276,136278],{},[15,136277,123845],{}," returns the lowercase result",[33,136280,136281,136282,136284],{},"the original ",[15,136283,34642],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,136286,136287],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[51,136289,136291],{"className":53,"code":136290,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,136292,136293,136305,136319,136323],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,136294,136295,136297,136299,136301,136303],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,136296,34621],{"class":66},[60,136298,71],{"class":70},[60,136300,267],{"class":255},[60,136302,136017],{"class":259},[60,136304,3320],{"class":255},[60,136306,136307,136309,136311,136313,136315,136317],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,136308,34621],{"class":66},[60,136310,71],{"class":70},[60,136312,42773],{"class":66},[60,136314,115],{"class":74},[60,136316,8576],{"class":118},[60,136318,8579],{"class":74},[60,136320,136321],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,136322,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,136324,136325,136327,136329,136331,136333],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,136326,135],{"class":134},[60,136328,122],{"class":74},[60,136330,34642],{"class":118},[60,136332,143],{"class":74},[60,136334,136046],{"class":146},[46,136336,17354],{"id":17353},[20,136338,136339,21908,136341,115],{},[15,136340,123845],{},[3698,136342,60933],{},[20,136344,136345],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,136347,136348],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[51,136350,136352],{"className":53,"code":136351,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,136353,136354,136368,136372,136395],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,136355,136356,136359,136361,136363,136366],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,136357,136358],{"class":66},"answer ",[60,136360,71],{"class":70},[60,136362,267],{"class":255},[60,136364,136365],{"class":259},"YES",[60,136367,3320],{"class":255},[60,136369,136370],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,136371,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,136373,136374,136376,136379,136381,136383,136385,136387,136389,136391,136393],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,136375,6939],{"class":1537},[60,136377,136378],{"class":66}," answer",[60,136380,115],{"class":74},[60,136382,8576],{"class":118},[60,136384,7308],{"class":74},[60,136386,6349],{"class":70},[60,136388,267],{"class":255},[60,136390,1263],{"class":259},[60,136392,256],{"class":255},[60,136394,1712],{"class":74},[60,136396,136397,136399,136401,136403,136405,136407],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,136398,1718],{"class":134},[60,136400,122],{"class":74},[60,136402,256],{"class":255},[60,136404,96597],{"class":259},[60,136406,256],{"class":255},[60,136408,128],{"class":74},[20,136410,136411,136412,166],{},"This is especially useful with ",[260,136413,136414,136415,2267],{"href":8159},"the ",[15,136416,2918],{},[51,136418,136420],{"className":53,"code":136419,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,136421,136422,136441,136445,136467,136482,136488],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,136423,136424,136426,136428,136430,136432,136434,136437,136439],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,136425,136358],{"class":66},[60,136427,71],{"class":70},[60,136429,8182],{"class":134},[60,136431,122],{"class":74},[60,136433,256],{"class":255},[60,136435,136436],{"class":259},"Type yes or no: ",[60,136438,256],{"class":255},[60,136440,128],{"class":74},[60,136442,136443],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,136444,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,136446,136447,136449,136451,136453,136455,136457,136459,136461,136463,136465],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,136448,6939],{"class":1537},[60,136450,136378],{"class":66},[60,136452,115],{"class":74},[60,136454,8576],{"class":118},[60,136456,7308],{"class":74},[60,136458,6349],{"class":70},[60,136460,267],{"class":255},[60,136462,1263],{"class":259},[60,136464,256],{"class":255},[60,136466,1712],{"class":74},[60,136468,136469,136471,136473,136475,136478,136480],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,136470,1718],{"class":134},[60,136472,122],{"class":74},[60,136474,256],{"class":255},[60,136476,136477],{"class":259},"You typed yes",[60,136479,256],{"class":255},[60,136481,128],{"class":74},[60,136483,136484,136486],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,136485,27367],{"class":1537},[60,136487,1712],{"class":74},[60,136489,136490,136492,136494,136496,136499,136501],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,136491,1718],{"class":134},[60,136493,122],{"class":74},[60,136495,256],{"class":255},[60,136497,136498],{"class":259},"You typed something else",[60,136500,256],{"class":255},[60,136502,128],{"class":74},[46,136504,136506],{"id":136505},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,136508,136509,136511],{},[15,136510,123845],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,136513,7285],{},[30,136515,136516,136519,136522,136525],{},[33,136517,136518],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[33,136520,136521],{},"Make text matching easier",[33,136523,136524],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[33,136526,136527],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,136529,136530],{},"Example: checking user input",[51,136532,136534],{"className":53,"code":136533,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,136535,136536,136554,136558,136580,136595,136601],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,136537,136538,136540,136542,136544,136546,136548,136550,136552],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,136539,44890],{"class":66},[60,136541,71],{"class":70},[60,136543,8182],{"class":134},[60,136545,122],{"class":74},[60,136547,256],{"class":255},[60,136549,44901],{"class":259},[60,136551,256],{"class":255},[60,136553,128],{"class":74},[60,136555,136556],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,136557,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,136559,136560,136562,136564,136566,136568,136570,136572,136574,136576,136578],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,136561,6939],{"class":1537},[60,136563,35786],{"class":66},[60,136565,115],{"class":74},[60,136567,8576],{"class":118},[60,136569,7308],{"class":74},[60,136571,6349],{"class":70},[60,136573,267],{"class":255},[60,136575,395],{"class":259},[60,136577,256],{"class":255},[60,136579,1712],{"class":74},[60,136581,136582,136584,136586,136588,136591,136593],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,136583,1718],{"class":134},[60,136585,122],{"class":74},[60,136587,256],{"class":255},[60,136589,136590],{"class":259},"Nice choice!",[60,136592,256],{"class":255},[60,136594,128],{"class":74},[60,136596,136597,136599],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,136598,27367],{"class":1537},[60,136600,1712],{"class":74},[60,136602,136603,136605,136607,136609,136612,136614],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,136604,1718],{"class":134},[60,136606,122],{"class":74},[60,136608,256],{"class":255},[60,136610,136611],{"class":259},"Got it.",[60,136613,256],{"class":255},[60,136615,128],{"class":74},[20,136617,136618],{},"Example: simple search",[51,136620,136622],{"className":53,"code":136621,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,136623,136624,136637,136641,136662],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,136625,136626,136628,136630,136632,136635],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,136627,89767],{"class":66},[60,136629,71],{"class":70},[60,136631,267],{"class":255},[60,136633,136634],{"class":259},"Python Is Fun",[60,136636,3320],{"class":255},[60,136638,136639],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,136640,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,136642,136643,136645,136647,136649,136651,136653,136656,136658,136660],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,136644,6939],{"class":1537},[60,136646,267],{"class":255},[60,136648,55],{"class":259},[60,136650,256],{"class":255},[60,136652,1538],{"class":70},[60,136654,136655],{"class":66}," message",[60,136657,115],{"class":74},[60,136659,8576],{"class":118},[60,136661,21528],{"class":74},[60,136663,136664,136666,136668,136670,136673,136675],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,136665,1718],{"class":134},[60,136667,122],{"class":74},[60,136669,256],{"class":255},[60,136671,136672],{"class":259},"Found it",[60,136674,256],{"class":255},[60,136676,128],{"class":74},[20,136678,136679,136680,136682,136683,166],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,136681,123845],{}," is often used with ",[260,136684,136686],{"href":136685},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,136687,41587],{},[51,136689,136691],{"className":53,"code":136690,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,136692,136693,136706,136725,136729],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,136694,136695,136697,136699,136701,136704],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,136696,7816],{"class":66},[60,136698,71],{"class":70},[60,136700,267],{"class":255},[60,136702,136703],{"class":259},"  ALICE  ",[60,136705,3320],{"class":255},[60,136707,136708,136711,136713,136715,136717,136719,136721,136723],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,136709,136710],{"class":66},"clean_name ",[60,136712,71],{"class":70},[60,136714,35927],{"class":66},[60,136716,115],{"class":74},[60,136718,8570],{"class":118},[60,136720,8573],{"class":74},[60,136722,8576],{"class":118},[60,136724,8579],{"class":74},[60,136726,136727],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,136728,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,136730,136731,136733,136735,136738,136740],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,136732,135],{"class":134},[60,136734,122],{"class":74},[60,136736,136737],{"class":118},"clean_name",[60,136739,143],{"class":74},[60,136741,136742],{"class":146},"  # alice\n",[46,136744,15531],{"id":15530},[20,136746,136747,136748,136751],{},"Strings are ",[3698,136749,136750],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,136753,136754,136755,136757],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,136756,123845],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,136759,136760,136761,136763],{},"So this does ",[3698,136762,4581],{}," update the original variable:",[51,136765,136767],{"className":53,"code":136766,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,136768,136769,136781,136791,136795],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,136770,136771,136773,136775,136777,136779],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,136772,34621],{"class":66},[60,136774,71],{"class":70},[60,136776,267],{"class":255},[60,136778,136139],{"class":259},[60,136780,3320],{"class":255},[60,136782,136783,136785,136787,136789],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,136784,34642],{"class":66},[60,136786,115],{"class":74},[60,136788,8576],{"class":118},[60,136790,8579],{"class":74},[60,136792,136793],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,136794,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,136796,136797,136799,136801,136803,136805],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,136798,135],{"class":134},[60,136800,122],{"class":74},[60,136802,34642],{"class":118},[60,136804,143],{"class":74},[60,136806,136807],{"class":146},"  # HELLO\n",[20,136809,136810],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[51,136812,136814],{"className":53,"code":136813,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136815,136816,136828,136842,136846],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,136817,136818,136820,136822,136824,136826],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,136819,34621],{"class":66},[60,136821,71],{"class":70},[60,136823,267],{"class":255},[60,136825,136139],{"class":259},[60,136827,3320],{"class":255},[60,136829,136830,136832,136834,136836,136838,136840],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,136831,34621],{"class":66},[60,136833,71],{"class":70},[60,136835,42773],{"class":66},[60,136837,115],{"class":74},[60,136839,8576],{"class":118},[60,136841,8579],{"class":74},[60,136843,136844],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,136845,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,136847,136848,136850,136852,136854,136856],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,136849,135],{"class":134},[60,136851,122],{"class":74},[60,136853,34642],{"class":118},[60,136855,143],{"class":74},[60,136857,136151],{"class":146},[46,136859,1351],{"id":1350},[553,136861,25620],{"id":25619},[20,136863,136864,136865,11028,136867,115],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,136866,8576],{},[15,136868,123845],{},[20,136870,16579],{},[51,136872,136874],{"className":53,"code":136873,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,136875,136876,136888],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,136877,136878,136880,136882,136884,136886],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,136879,34621],{"class":66},[60,136881,71],{"class":70},[60,136883,267],{"class":255},[60,136885,136139],{"class":259},[60,136887,3320],{"class":255},[60,136889,136890,136892,136894,136896,136898,136900],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,136891,135],{"class":134},[60,136893,122],{"class":74},[60,136895,34642],{"class":118},[60,136897,115],{"class":74},[60,136899,8576],{"class":24682},[60,136901,128],{"class":74},[20,136903,136904],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,136906,16591],{},[51,136908,136910],{"className":53,"code":136909,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,136911,136912,136924],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,136913,136914,136916,136918,136920,136922],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,136915,34621],{"class":66},[60,136917,71],{"class":70},[60,136919,267],{"class":255},[60,136921,136139],{"class":259},[60,136923,3320],{"class":255},[60,136925,136926,136928,136930,136932,136934,136936],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,136927,135],{"class":134},[60,136929,122],{"class":74},[60,136931,34642],{"class":118},[60,136933,115],{"class":74},[60,136935,8576],{"class":118},[60,136937,7136],{"class":74},[553,136939,136941],{"id":136940},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,136943,136944],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,136946,16579],{},[51,136948,136950],{"className":53,"code":136949,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,136951,136952,136964,136974],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,136953,136954,136956,136958,136960,136962],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,136955,34621],{"class":66},[60,136957,71],{"class":70},[60,136959,267],{"class":255},[60,136961,136139],{"class":259},[60,136963,3320],{"class":255},[60,136965,136966,136968,136970,136972],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,136967,34642],{"class":66},[60,136969,115],{"class":74},[60,136971,8576],{"class":118},[60,136973,8579],{"class":74},[60,136975,136976,136978,136980,136982,136984],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,136977,135],{"class":134},[60,136979,122],{"class":74},[60,136981,34642],{"class":118},[60,136983,143],{"class":74},[60,136985,136986],{"class":146},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,136988,16591],{},[51,136990,136992],{"className":53,"code":136991,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136993,136994,137006,137020],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,136995,136996,136998,137000,137002,137004],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,136997,34621],{"class":66},[60,136999,71],{"class":70},[60,137001,267],{"class":255},[60,137003,136139],{"class":259},[60,137005,3320],{"class":255},[60,137007,137008,137010,137012,137014,137016,137018],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,137009,34621],{"class":66},[60,137011,71],{"class":70},[60,137013,42773],{"class":66},[60,137015,115],{"class":74},[60,137017,8576],{"class":118},[60,137019,8579],{"class":74},[60,137021,137022,137024,137026,137028,137030],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,137023,135],{"class":134},[60,137025,122],{"class":74},[60,137027,34642],{"class":118},[60,137029,143],{"class":74},[60,137031,136151],{"class":146},[553,137033,8356,137035,137037],{"id":137034},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,137036,123845],{}," on a non-string value",[20,137039,137040,137042],{},[15,137041,123845],{}," only works on strings.",[20,137044,16579],{},[51,137046,137048],{"className":53,"code":137047,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,137049,137050,137058],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,137051,137052,137054,137056],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,137053,2182],{"class":66},[60,137055,71],{"class":70},[60,137057,124797],{"class":78},[60,137059,137060,137062,137064,137066,137068,137070],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,137061,135],{"class":134},[60,137063,122],{"class":74},[60,137065,2204],{"class":118},[60,137067,115],{"class":74},[60,137069,8576],{"class":118},[60,137071,7136],{"class":74},[20,137073,137074,137075,33533],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,137076,123845],{},[20,137078,137079],{},"You can check the type first:",[51,137081,137083],{"className":53,"code":137082,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137084,137085,137097,137101,137115],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,137086,137087,137089,137091,137093,137095],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,137088,34621],{"class":66},[60,137090,71],{"class":70},[60,137092,267],{"class":255},[60,137094,136139],{"class":259},[60,137096,3320],{"class":255},[60,137098,137099],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,137100,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,137102,137103,137105,137107,137109,137111,137113],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,137104,135],{"class":134},[60,137106,122],{"class":74},[60,137108,1657],{"class":1656},[60,137110,122],{"class":74},[60,137112,34642],{"class":118},[60,137114,315],{"class":74},[60,137116,137117,137119,137121,137123,137125,137127],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,137118,135],{"class":134},[60,137120,122],{"class":74},[60,137122,34642],{"class":118},[60,137124,115],{"class":74},[60,137126,8576],{"class":118},[60,137128,7136],{"class":74},[553,137130,137132],{"id":137131},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,137134,137135],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[51,137137,137139],{"className":53,"code":137138,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,137140,137141,137154,137158,137175,137190,137196],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,137142,137143,137145,137147,137149,137152],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,137144,136358],{"class":66},[60,137146,71],{"class":70},[60,137148,267],{"class":255},[60,137150,137151],{"class":259},"Yes",[60,137153,3320],{"class":255},[60,137155,137156],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,137157,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,137159,137160,137162,137165,137167,137169,137171,137173],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,137161,6939],{"class":1537},[60,137163,137164],{"class":66}," answer ",[60,137166,4639],{"class":70},[60,137168,267],{"class":255},[60,137170,1263],{"class":259},[60,137172,256],{"class":255},[60,137174,1712],{"class":74},[60,137176,137177,137179,137181,137183,137186,137188],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,137178,1718],{"class":134},[60,137180,122],{"class":74},[60,137182,256],{"class":255},[60,137184,137185],{"class":259},"Match",[60,137187,256],{"class":255},[60,137189,128],{"class":74},[60,137191,137192,137194],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,137193,27367],{"class":1537},[60,137195,1712],{"class":74},[60,137197,137198,137200,137202,137204,137207,137209],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,137199,1718],{"class":134},[60,137201,122],{"class":74},[60,137203,256],{"class":255},[60,137205,137206],{"class":259},"No match",[60,137208,256],{"class":255},[60,137210,128],{"class":74},[20,137212,1438,137213,544,137216,137219,137220,115],{},[15,137214,137215],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,137217,137218],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,137221,137206],{},[20,137223,137224],{},"Better:",[51,137226,137228],{"className":53,"code":137227,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,137229,137230,137242,137246,137268],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,137231,137232,137234,137236,137238,137240],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,137233,136358],{"class":66},[60,137235,71],{"class":70},[60,137237,267],{"class":255},[60,137239,137151],{"class":259},[60,137241,3320],{"class":255},[60,137243,137244],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,137245,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,137247,137248,137250,137252,137254,137256,137258,137260,137262,137264,137266],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,137249,6939],{"class":1537},[60,137251,136378],{"class":66},[60,137253,115],{"class":74},[60,137255,8576],{"class":118},[60,137257,7308],{"class":74},[60,137259,6349],{"class":70},[60,137261,267],{"class":255},[60,137263,1263],{"class":259},[60,137265,256],{"class":255},[60,137267,1712],{"class":74},[60,137269,137270,137272,137274,137276,137278,137280],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,137271,1718],{"class":134},[60,137273,122],{"class":74},[60,137275,256],{"class":255},[60,137277,137185],{"class":259},[60,137279,256],{"class":255},[60,137281,128],{"class":74},[553,137283,44144,137285,137288],{"id":137284},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,137286,137287],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,137290,137291,137292,137294],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,137293,123845],{}," is enough.",[20,137296,137297,137298,137300,137301,115],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,137299,137287],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,137302,123845],{},[20,137304,137305,137306,122357],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,137307,123845],{},[46,137309,137311,10521,137313],{"id":137310},"lower-vs-upper",[15,137312,123845],{},[15,137314,127993],{},[20,137316,137317,544,137319,137321],{},[15,137318,123845],{},[15,137320,127993],{}," are very similar.",[30,137323,137324,137329,137334,137337],{},[33,137325,137326,137328],{},[15,137327,123845],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[33,137330,137331,137333],{},[15,137332,127993],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[33,137335,137336],{},"Both return new strings",[33,137338,137339],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,137341,238],{},[51,137343,137345],{"className":53,"code":137344,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,137346,137347,137359,137363,137379],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,137348,137349,137351,137353,137355,137357],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,137350,34621],{"class":66},[60,137352,71],{"class":70},[60,137354,267],{"class":255},[60,137356,128834],{"class":259},[60,137358,3320],{"class":255},[60,137360,137361],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,137362,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,137364,137365,137367,137369,137371,137373,137375,137377],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,137366,135],{"class":134},[60,137368,122],{"class":74},[60,137370,34642],{"class":118},[60,137372,115],{"class":74},[60,137374,8576],{"class":118},[60,137376,136148],{"class":74},[60,137378,136046],{"class":146},[60,137380,137381,137383,137385,137387,137389,137391,137393],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,137382,135],{"class":134},[60,137384,122],{"class":74},[60,137386,34642],{"class":118},[60,137388,115],{"class":74},[60,137390,34411],{"class":118},[60,137392,136148],{"class":74},[60,137394,137395],{"class":146},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,137397,137398,137399,115],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[260,137400,126115,137402,1869],{"href":137401},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,137403,127993],{},[46,137405,1773],{"id":1772},[553,137407,1777,137409,124442],{"id":137408},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,137410,123845],{},[20,137412,137413],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[553,137415,1777,137417,137419],{"id":137416},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,137418,123845],{}," take any arguments?",[20,137421,137422,137423,115],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,137424,137425],{},"string.lower()",[553,137427,5090,137429,12652],{"id":137428},"what-does-lower-return",[15,137430,123845],{},[20,137432,137433],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[553,137435,28261,137437,137439],{"id":137436},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,137438,123845],{}," on user input?",[20,137441,137442,137443,137445],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,137444,2918],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[553,137447,5126,137449,544,137451,1435],{"id":137448},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,137450,123845],{},[15,137452,137287],{},[20,137454,137455,137457,137458,137460],{},[15,137456,123845],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,137459,137287],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[46,137462,1842],{"id":1841},[30,137464,137465,137469,137475,137481,137487,137491,137495,137501],{},[33,137466,137467],{},[260,137468,50905],{"href":50904},[33,137470,137471],{},[260,137472,126115,137473,1869],{"href":137401},[15,137474,127993],{},[33,137476,137477],{},[260,137478,126115,137479,1869],{"href":136685},[15,137480,41587],{},[33,137482,137483],{},[260,137484,126115,137485,1869],{"href":129696},[15,137486,124286],{},[33,137488,137489],{},[260,137490,124514],{"href":123370},[33,137492,137493],{},[260,137494,90443],{"href":89452},[33,137496,137497],{},[260,137498,1875,137499,3471],{"href":8159},[15,137500,2918],{},[33,137502,137503],{},[260,137504,137505],{"href":136086},"What is a string in Python?",[1885,137507,137508],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":137510},[137511,137513,137514,137515,137516,137517,137518,137527,137529,137541],{"id":136056,"depth":104,"text":137512},"What lower() does",{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199},{"id":11410,"depth":104,"text":11411},{"id":17353,"depth":104,"text":17354},{"id":136505,"depth":104,"text":136506},{"id":15530,"depth":104,"text":15531},{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351,"children":137519},[137520,137521,137522,137524,137525],{"id":25619,"depth":131,"text":25620},{"id":136940,"depth":131,"text":136941},{"id":137034,"depth":131,"text":137523},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137131,"depth":131,"text":137132},{"id":137284,"depth":131,"text":137526},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137310,"depth":104,"text":137528},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":137530},[137531,137533,137535,137537,137539],{"id":137408,"depth":131,"text":137532},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137416,"depth":131,"text":137534},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137428,"depth":131,"text":137536},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137436,"depth":131,"text":137538},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137448,"depth":131,"text":137540},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":135973,"description":137542},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137549,"title":137550,"body":137551,"description":139101,"extension":1930,"meta":139102,"navigation":421,"path":139103,"seo":139104,"stem":139105,"__hash__":139106},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137552,"toc":139062},[137553,137558,137563,137569,137584,137586,137646,137648,137657,137663,137668,137673,137675,137689,137693,137695,137742,137744,137762,137764,137767,137838,137840,137854,137857,137869,137878,137882,137887,137892,137896,137962,137964,137973,137977,138042,138044,138053,138056,138061,138065,138070,138074,138135,138137,138146,138150,138153,138209,138211,138220,138223,138236,138238,138242,138249,138311,138313,138326,138332,138335,138342,138347,138352,138355,138363,138365,138426,138428,138437,138440,138487,138490,138537,138539,138544,138561,138568,138573,138626,138628,138636,138638,138695,138697,138705,138709,138756,138758,138766,138774,138778,138826,138828,138837,138842,138893,138895,138904,138911,138914,138935,138937,138942,138945,138949,138952,138956,138959,138986,138992,138995,139022,139027,139029,139031,139059],[10,137554,123115,137556,18],{"id":137555},"python-string-replace-method",[15,137557,124286],{},[20,137559,123120,137560,137562],{},[15,137561,124286],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,137564,137565,137566,137568],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,137567,124286],{},". You will learn:",[30,137570,137571,137575,137578,137581],{},[33,137572,25952,137573,161],{},[15,137574,124286],{},[33,137576,137577],{},"how its syntax works",[33,137579,137580],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[33,137582,137583],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[46,137585,1972],{"id":1971},[51,137587,137589],{"className":53,"code":137588,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137590,137591,137604,137636],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,137592,137593,137595,137597,137599,137602],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,137594,34621],{"class":66},[60,137596,71],{"class":70},[60,137598,267],{"class":255},[60,137600,137601],{"class":259},"I like cats",[60,137603,3320],{"class":255},[60,137605,137606,137608,137610,137612,137614,137616,137618,137620,137623,137625,137627,137629,137632,137634],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,137607,129954],{"class":66},[60,137609,71],{"class":70},[60,137611,42773],{"class":66},[60,137613,115],{"class":74},[60,137615,34933],{"class":118},[60,137617,122],{"class":74},[60,137619,256],{"class":255},[60,137621,137622],{"class":259},"cats",[60,137624,256],{"class":255},[60,137626,82],{"class":74},[60,137628,267],{"class":255},[60,137630,137631],{"class":259},"dogs",[60,137633,256],{"class":255},[60,137635,128],{"class":74},[60,137637,137638,137640,137642,137644],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,137639,135],{"class":134},[60,137641,122],{"class":74},[60,137643,129985],{"class":118},[60,137645,128],{"class":74},[20,137647,318],{},[51,137649,137651],{"className":53,"code":137650,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"I like dogs\n",[15,137652,137653],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,137654,137655],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,137656,137650],{"class":66},[20,137658,150,137659,137662],{},[15,137660,137661],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[46,137664,158,137666,161],{"id":137665},"what-replace-does",[15,137667,124286],{},[20,137669,137670,137672],{},[15,137671,124286],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,137674,12989],{},[30,137676,137677,137679,137681,137684],{},[33,137678,133363],{},[33,137680,136081],{},[33,137682,137683],{},"It works on exact matches",[33,137685,137686,137687],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,137688,119],{},[20,137690,124867,137691,115],{},[260,137692,124870],{"href":50904},[46,137694,5377],{"id":5376},[51,137696,137698],{"className":53,"code":137697,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,137699,137700,137720],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,137701,137702,137704,137706,137708,137710,137713,137715,137718],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,137703,60933],{"class":66},[60,137705,115],{"class":74},[60,137707,34933],{"class":118},[60,137709,122],{"class":74},[60,137711,137712],{"class":118},"old",[60,137714,82],{"class":74},[60,137716,137717],{"class":118}," new",[60,137719,128],{"class":74},[60,137721,137722,137724,137726,137728,137730,137732,137734,137736,137738,137740],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,137723,60933],{"class":66},[60,137725,115],{"class":74},[60,137727,34933],{"class":118},[60,137729,122],{"class":74},[60,137731,137712],{"class":118},[60,137733,82],{"class":74},[60,137735,137717],{"class":118},[60,137737,82],{"class":74},[60,137739,49533],{"class":118},[60,137741,128],{"class":74},[553,137743,17330],{"id":17329},[30,137745,137746,137751,137757],{},[33,137747,137748,137750],{},[15,137749,137712],{}," = the text to find",[33,137752,137753,137756],{},[15,137754,137755],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[33,137758,137759,137761],{},[15,137760,119],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[46,137763,5733],{"id":5732},[20,137765,137766],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[51,137768,137770],{"className":53,"code":137769,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137771,137772,137784,137814,137818,137828],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,137773,137774,137776,137778,137780,137782],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,137775,34621],{"class":66},[60,137777,71],{"class":70},[60,137779,267],{"class":255},[60,137781,137601],{"class":259},[60,137783,3320],{"class":255},[60,137785,137786,137788,137790,137792,137794,137796,137798,137800,137802,137804,137806,137808,137810,137812],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,137787,129954],{"class":66},[60,137789,71],{"class":70},[60,137791,42773],{"class":66},[60,137793,115],{"class":74},[60,137795,34933],{"class":118},[60,137797,122],{"class":74},[60,137799,256],{"class":255},[60,137801,137622],{"class":259},[60,137803,256],{"class":255},[60,137805,82],{"class":74},[60,137807,267],{"class":255},[60,137809,137631],{"class":259},[60,137811,256],{"class":255},[60,137813,128],{"class":74},[60,137815,137816],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,137817,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,137819,137820,137822,137824,137826],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,137821,135],{"class":134},[60,137823,122],{"class":74},[60,137825,34642],{"class":118},[60,137827,128],{"class":74},[60,137829,137830,137832,137834,137836],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,137831,135],{"class":134},[60,137833,122],{"class":74},[60,137835,129985],{"class":118},[60,137837,128],{"class":74},[20,137839,318],{},[51,137841,137843],{"className":53,"code":137842,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,137844,137845,137850],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,137846,137847],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,137848,137849],{"class":66},"I like cats\n",[60,137851,137852],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,137853,137650],{"class":66},[20,137855,137856],{},"Notice what happened:",[30,137858,137859,137864],{},[33,137860,137861,137863],{},[15,137862,34642],{}," did not change",[33,137865,137866,137868],{},[15,137867,129985],{}," contains the updated value",[20,137870,137871,137872,137874,137875,137877],{},"This happens because strings are ",[3698,137873,136750],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,137876,124286],{}," return a new string instead.",[46,137879,137881],{"id":137880},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,137883,89461,137884,137886],{},[15,137885,124286],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,137888,137889,137890,36556],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,137891,119],{},[553,137893,137895],{"id":137894},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[51,137897,137899],{"className":53,"code":137898,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137900,137901,137914,137948,137952],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,137902,137903,137905,137907,137909,137912],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,137904,34621],{"class":66},[60,137906,71],{"class":70},[60,137908,267],{"class":255},[60,137910,137911],{"class":259},"cat cat cat",[60,137913,3320],{"class":255},[60,137915,137916,137918,137920,137922,137924,137926,137928,137930,137932,137934,137936,137938,137940,137942,137944,137946],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,137917,107],{"class":66},[60,137919,71],{"class":70},[60,137921,42773],{"class":66},[60,137923,115],{"class":74},[60,137925,34933],{"class":118},[60,137927,122],{"class":74},[60,137929,256],{"class":255},[60,137931,959],{"class":259},[60,137933,256],{"class":255},[60,137935,82],{"class":74},[60,137937,267],{"class":255},[60,137939,968],{"class":259},[60,137941,256],{"class":255},[60,137943,82],{"class":74},[60,137945,695],{"class":78},[60,137947,128],{"class":74},[60,137949,137950],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,137951,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,137953,137954,137956,137958,137960],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,137955,135],{"class":134},[60,137957,122],{"class":74},[60,137959,140],{"class":118},[60,137961,128],{"class":74},[20,137963,318],{},[51,137965,137967],{"className":53,"code":137966,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dog cat cat\n",[15,137968,137969],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,137970,137971],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,137972,137966],{"class":66},[553,137974,137976],{"id":137975},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[51,137978,137980],{"className":53,"code":137979,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137981,137982,137994,138028,138032],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,137983,137984,137986,137988,137990,137992],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,137985,34621],{"class":66},[60,137987,71],{"class":70},[60,137989,267],{"class":255},[60,137991,137911],{"class":259},[60,137993,3320],{"class":255},[60,137995,137996,137998,138000,138002,138004,138006,138008,138010,138012,138014,138016,138018,138020,138022,138024,138026],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,137997,107],{"class":66},[60,137999,71],{"class":70},[60,138001,42773],{"class":66},[60,138003,115],{"class":74},[60,138005,34933],{"class":118},[60,138007,122],{"class":74},[60,138009,256],{"class":255},[60,138011,959],{"class":259},[60,138013,256],{"class":255},[60,138015,82],{"class":74},[60,138017,267],{"class":255},[60,138019,968],{"class":259},[60,138021,256],{"class":255},[60,138023,82],{"class":74},[60,138025,85],{"class":78},[60,138027,128],{"class":74},[60,138029,138030],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,138031,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,138033,138034,138036,138038,138040],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,138035,135],{"class":134},[60,138037,122],{"class":74},[60,138039,140],{"class":118},[60,138041,128],{"class":74},[20,138043,318],{},[51,138045,138047],{"className":53,"code":138046,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dog dog cat\n",[15,138048,138049],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138050,138051],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138052,138046],{"class":66},[20,138054,138055],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,138057,138058,138059,115],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[260,138060,127839],{"href":124283},[46,138062,138064],{"id":138063},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,138066,138067,138069],{},[15,138068,124286],{}," can also change single characters.",[553,138071,138073],{"id":138072},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[51,138075,138077],{"className":53,"code":138076,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138078,138079,138091,138121,138125],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138080,138081,138083,138085,138087,138089],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138082,34621],{"class":66},[60,138084,71],{"class":70},[60,138086,267],{"class":255},[60,138088,1392],{"class":259},[60,138090,3320],{"class":255},[60,138092,138093,138095,138097,138099,138101,138103,138105,138107,138109,138111,138113,138115,138117,138119],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,138094,107],{"class":66},[60,138096,71],{"class":70},[60,138098,42773],{"class":66},[60,138100,115],{"class":74},[60,138102,34933],{"class":118},[60,138104,122],{"class":74},[60,138106,256],{"class":255},[60,138108,260],{"class":259},[60,138110,256],{"class":255},[60,138112,82],{"class":74},[60,138114,267],{"class":255},[60,138116,60232],{"class":259},[60,138118,256],{"class":255},[60,138120,128],{"class":74},[60,138122,138123],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,138124,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,138126,138127,138129,138131,138133],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,138128,135],{"class":134},[60,138130,122],{"class":74},[60,138132,140],{"class":118},[60,138134,128],{"class":74},[20,138136,318],{},[51,138138,138140],{"className":53,"code":138139,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"bonono\n",[15,138141,138142],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138143,138144],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138145,138139],{"class":66},[553,138147,138149],{"id":138148},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,138151,138152],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[51,138154,138156],{"className":53,"code":138155,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138157,138158,138171,138195,138199],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138159,138160,138162,138164,138166,138169],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138161,34621],{"class":66},[60,138163,71],{"class":70},[60,138165,267],{"class":255},[60,138167,138168],{"class":259},"a b c",[60,138170,3320],{"class":255},[60,138172,138173,138175,138177,138179,138181,138183,138185,138187,138189,138191,138193],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,138174,107],{"class":66},[60,138176,71],{"class":70},[60,138178,42773],{"class":66},[60,138180,115],{"class":74},[60,138182,34933],{"class":118},[60,138184,122],{"class":74},[60,138186,256],{"class":255},[60,138188,267],{"class":255},[60,138190,82],{"class":74},[60,138192,6070],{"class":255},[60,138194,128],{"class":74},[60,138196,138197],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,138198,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,138200,138201,138203,138205,138207],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,138202,135],{"class":134},[60,138204,122],{"class":74},[60,138206,140],{"class":118},[60,138208,128],{"class":74},[20,138210,318],{},[51,138212,138214],{"className":53,"code":138213,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"abc\n",[15,138215,138216],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138217,138218],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138219,138213],{"class":66},[20,138221,138222],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,138224,138225,138226,138230,138231,138235],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[260,138227,126115,138228,1869],{"href":128802},[15,138229,60290],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[260,138232,126115,138233,1869],{"href":136685},[15,138234,41587],{}," is often a better choice.",[46,138237,123762],{"id":123761},[20,138239,138240,123573],{},[15,138241,124286],{},[20,138243,127160,138244,544,138246,127167],{},[15,138245,112799],{},[15,138247,138248],{},"\"Cat\"",[51,138250,138252],{"className":53,"code":138251,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138253,138254,138267,138297,138301],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138255,138256,138258,138260,138262,138265],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138257,34621],{"class":66},[60,138259,71],{"class":70},[60,138261,267],{"class":255},[60,138263,138264],{"class":259},"Cat cat CAT",[60,138266,3320],{"class":255},[60,138268,138269,138271,138273,138275,138277,138279,138281,138283,138285,138287,138289,138291,138293,138295],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,138270,107],{"class":66},[60,138272,71],{"class":70},[60,138274,42773],{"class":66},[60,138276,115],{"class":74},[60,138278,34933],{"class":118},[60,138280,122],{"class":74},[60,138282,256],{"class":255},[60,138284,959],{"class":259},[60,138286,256],{"class":255},[60,138288,82],{"class":74},[60,138290,267],{"class":255},[60,138292,968],{"class":259},[60,138294,256],{"class":255},[60,138296,128],{"class":74},[60,138298,138299],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,138300,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,138302,138303,138305,138307,138309],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,138304,135],{"class":134},[60,138306,122],{"class":74},[60,138308,140],{"class":118},[60,138310,128],{"class":74},[20,138312,318],{},[51,138314,138316],{"className":53,"code":138315,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,138317,138318],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138319,138320,138323],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138321,138322],{"class":66},"Cat dog ",[60,138324,138325],{"class":34386},"CAT\n",[20,138327,138328,138329,138331],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,138330,112799],{}," was replaced.",[20,138333,138334],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,138336,138337,138338,115],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[260,138339,126115,138340,1869],{"href":123842},[15,138341,123845],{},[46,138343,158,138345,11642],{"id":138344},"what-replace-returns",[15,138346,124286],{},[20,138348,138349,138351],{},[15,138350,124286],{}," returns a new string.",[20,138353,138354],{},"If no match is found:",[30,138356,138357,138360],{},[33,138358,138359],{},"no error happens",[33,138361,138362],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,138364,238],{},[51,138366,138368],{"className":53,"code":138367,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138369,138370,138382,138412,138416],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138371,138372,138374,138376,138378,138380],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138373,34621],{"class":66},[60,138375,71],{"class":70},[60,138377,267],{"class":255},[60,138379,3801],{"class":259},[60,138381,3320],{"class":255},[60,138383,138384,138386,138388,138390,138392,138394,138396,138398,138400,138402,138404,138406,138408,138410],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,138385,107],{"class":66},[60,138387,71],{"class":70},[60,138389,42773],{"class":66},[60,138391,115],{"class":74},[60,138393,34933],{"class":118},[60,138395,122],{"class":74},[60,138397,256],{"class":255},[60,138399,2139],{"class":259},[60,138401,256],{"class":255},[60,138403,82],{"class":74},[60,138405,267],{"class":255},[60,138407,11682],{"class":259},[60,138409,256],{"class":255},[60,138411,128],{"class":74},[60,138413,138414],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,138415,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,138417,138418,138420,138422,138424],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,138419,135],{"class":134},[60,138421,122],{"class":74},[60,138423,140],{"class":118},[60,138425,128],{"class":74},[20,138427,318],{},[51,138429,138431],{"className":53,"code":138430,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"hello\n",[15,138432,138433],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138434,138435],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138436,138430],{"class":66},[20,138438,138439],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[51,138441,138443],{"className":53,"code":138442,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138444,138445,138457],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138446,138447,138449,138451,138453,138455],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138448,34621],{"class":66},[60,138450,71],{"class":70},[60,138452,267],{"class":255},[60,138454,60165],{"class":259},[60,138456,3320],{"class":255},[60,138458,138459,138461,138463,138465,138467,138469,138471,138473,138475,138477,138479,138481,138483,138485],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,138460,129954],{"class":66},[60,138462,71],{"class":70},[60,138464,42773],{"class":66},[60,138466,115],{"class":74},[60,138468,34933],{"class":118},[60,138470,122],{"class":74},[60,138472,256],{"class":255},[60,138474,60350],{"class":259},[60,138476,256],{"class":255},[60,138478,82],{"class":74},[60,138480,267],{"class":255},[60,138482,7239],{"class":259},[60,138484,256],{"class":255},[60,138486,128],{"class":74},[20,138488,138489],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[51,138491,138493],{"className":53,"code":138492,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138494,138495,138507],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138496,138497,138499,138501,138503,138505],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138498,34621],{"class":66},[60,138500,71],{"class":70},[60,138502,267],{"class":255},[60,138504,60165],{"class":259},[60,138506,3320],{"class":255},[60,138508,138509,138511,138513,138515,138517,138519,138521,138523,138525,138527,138529,138531,138533,138535],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,138510,34621],{"class":66},[60,138512,71],{"class":70},[60,138514,42773],{"class":66},[60,138516,115],{"class":74},[60,138518,34933],{"class":118},[60,138520,122],{"class":74},[60,138522,256],{"class":255},[60,138524,60350],{"class":259},[60,138526,256],{"class":255},[60,138528,82],{"class":74},[60,138530,267],{"class":255},[60,138532,7239],{"class":259},[60,138534,256],{"class":255},[60,138536,128],{"class":74},[46,138538,4468],{"id":4467},[20,138540,138541,138542,166],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,138543,124286],{},[30,138545,138546,138549,138553,138556],{},[33,138547,138548],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[33,138550,1454,138551,131335],{},[15,138552,124286],{},[33,138554,138555],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[33,138557,37138,138558,138560],{},[15,138559,124286],{}," with regex-based replacements",[553,138562,138564,138565,138567],{"id":138563},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,138566,124286],{}," without assigning the result",[20,138569,138570,138571,166],{},"This does not update ",[15,138572,34642],{},[51,138574,138576],{"className":53,"code":138575,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138577,138578,138590,138616],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138579,138580,138582,138584,138586,138588],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138581,34621],{"class":66},[60,138583,71],{"class":70},[60,138585,267],{"class":255},[60,138587,137601],{"class":259},[60,138589,3320],{"class":255},[60,138591,138592,138594,138596,138598,138600,138602,138604,138606,138608,138610,138612,138614],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,138593,34642],{"class":66},[60,138595,115],{"class":74},[60,138597,34933],{"class":118},[60,138599,122],{"class":74},[60,138601,256],{"class":255},[60,138603,137622],{"class":259},[60,138605,256],{"class":255},[60,138607,82],{"class":74},[60,138609,267],{"class":255},[60,138611,137631],{"class":259},[60,138613,256],{"class":255},[60,138615,128],{"class":74},[60,138617,138618,138620,138622,138624],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,138619,135],{"class":134},[60,138621,122],{"class":74},[60,138623,34642],{"class":118},[60,138625,128],{"class":74},[20,138627,318],{},[51,138629,138630],{"className":53,"code":137849,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,138631,138632],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138633,138634],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138635,137849],{"class":66},[20,138637,10743],{},[51,138639,138641],{"className":53,"code":138640,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138642,138643,138655,138685],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138644,138645,138647,138649,138651,138653],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138646,34621],{"class":66},[60,138648,71],{"class":70},[60,138650,267],{"class":255},[60,138652,137601],{"class":259},[60,138654,3320],{"class":255},[60,138656,138657,138659,138661,138663,138665,138667,138669,138671,138673,138675,138677,138679,138681,138683],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,138658,34621],{"class":66},[60,138660,71],{"class":70},[60,138662,42773],{"class":66},[60,138664,115],{"class":74},[60,138666,34933],{"class":118},[60,138668,122],{"class":74},[60,138670,256],{"class":255},[60,138672,137622],{"class":259},[60,138674,256],{"class":255},[60,138676,82],{"class":74},[60,138678,267],{"class":255},[60,138680,137631],{"class":259},[60,138682,256],{"class":255},[60,138684,128],{"class":74},[60,138686,138687,138689,138691,138693],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,138688,135],{"class":134},[60,138690,122],{"class":74},[60,138692,34642],{"class":118},[60,138694,128],{"class":74},[20,138696,318],{},[51,138698,138699],{"className":53,"code":137650,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,138700,138701],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138702,138703],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138704,137650],{"class":66},[553,138706,138708],{"id":138707},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[51,138710,138712],{"className":53,"code":138711,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,138713,138714,138726],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138715,138716,138718,138720,138722,138724],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138717,34621],{"class":66},[60,138719,71],{"class":70},[60,138721,267],{"class":255},[60,138723,34801],{"class":259},[60,138725,3320],{"class":255},[60,138727,138728,138730,138732,138734,138736,138738,138740,138742,138744,138746,138748,138750,138752,138754],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,138729,135],{"class":134},[60,138731,122],{"class":74},[60,138733,34642],{"class":118},[60,138735,115],{"class":74},[60,138737,34933],{"class":118},[60,138739,122],{"class":74},[60,138741,256],{"class":255},[60,138743,3801],{"class":259},[60,138745,256],{"class":255},[60,138747,82],{"class":74},[60,138749,267],{"class":255},[60,138751,89696],{"class":259},[60,138753,256],{"class":255},[60,138755,315],{"class":74},[20,138757,318],{},[51,138759,138760],{"className":53,"code":88709,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,138761,138762],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138763,138764],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138765,88709],{"class":66},[20,138767,138768,138769,544,138771,138773],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,138770,64294],{},[15,138772,90178],{}," are not the same.",[553,138775,138777],{"id":138776},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[51,138779,138781],{"className":53,"code":138780,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,138782,138783,138796],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138784,138785,138787,138789,138791,138794],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138786,34621],{"class":66},[60,138788,71],{"class":70},[60,138790,267],{"class":255},[60,138792,138793],{"class":259},"red red red",[60,138795,3320],{"class":255},[60,138797,138798,138800,138802,138804,138806,138808,138810,138812,138814,138816,138818,138820,138822,138824],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,138799,135],{"class":134},[60,138801,122],{"class":74},[60,138803,34642],{"class":118},[60,138805,115],{"class":74},[60,138807,34933],{"class":118},[60,138809,122],{"class":74},[60,138811,256],{"class":255},[60,138813,386],{"class":259},[60,138815,256],{"class":255},[60,138817,82],{"class":74},[60,138819,267],{"class":255},[60,138821,395],{"class":259},[60,138823,256],{"class":255},[60,138825,315],{"class":74},[20,138827,318],{},[51,138829,138831],{"className":53,"code":138830,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"blue blue blue\n",[15,138832,138833],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138834,138835],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138836,138830],{"class":66},[20,138838,138839,138840,166],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,138841,119],{},[51,138843,138845],{"className":53,"code":138844,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,138846,138847,138859],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138848,138849,138851,138853,138855,138857],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138850,34621],{"class":66},[60,138852,71],{"class":70},[60,138854,267],{"class":255},[60,138856,138793],{"class":259},[60,138858,3320],{"class":255},[60,138860,138861,138863,138865,138867,138869,138871,138873,138875,138877,138879,138881,138883,138885,138887,138889,138891],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,138862,135],{"class":134},[60,138864,122],{"class":74},[60,138866,34642],{"class":118},[60,138868,115],{"class":74},[60,138870,34933],{"class":118},[60,138872,122],{"class":74},[60,138874,256],{"class":255},[60,138876,386],{"class":259},[60,138878,256],{"class":255},[60,138880,82],{"class":74},[60,138882,267],{"class":255},[60,138884,395],{"class":259},[60,138886,256],{"class":255},[60,138888,82],{"class":74},[60,138890,695],{"class":78},[60,138892,315],{"class":74},[20,138894,318],{},[51,138896,138898],{"className":53,"code":138897,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"blue red red\n",[15,138899,138900],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138901,138902],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138903,138897],{"class":66},[553,138905,138907,138908,138910],{"id":138906},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,138909,124286],{}," for the wrong task",[20,138912,138913],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[30,138915,138916,138923,138930],{},[33,138917,150,138918,138922],{},[260,138919,138920],{"href":128802},[15,138921,60290],{}," to break a string into a list",[33,138924,150,138925,138929],{},[260,138926,138927],{"href":136685},[15,138928,41587],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[33,138931,150,138932,138934],{},[15,138933,124286],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[46,138936,1773],{"id":1772},[553,138938,1777,138940,124442],{"id":138939},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,138941,124286],{},[20,138943,138944],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[553,138946,138948],{"id":138947},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,138950,138951],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[553,138953,138955],{"id":138954},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,138957,138958],{},"Use the third argument:",[51,138960,138962],{"className":53,"code":138961,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,138963,138964],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138965,138966,138968,138970,138972,138974,138976,138978,138980,138982,138984],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138967,34642],{"class":66},[60,138969,115],{"class":74},[60,138971,34933],{"class":118},[60,138973,122],{"class":74},[60,138975,137712],{"class":118},[60,138977,82],{"class":74},[60,138979,137717],{"class":118},[60,138981,82],{"class":74},[60,138983,695],{"class":78},[60,138985,128],{"class":74},[553,138987,1796,138989,138991],{"id":138988},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,138990,124286],{}," remove text?",[20,138993,138994],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[51,138996,138998],{"className":53,"code":138997,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,138999,139000],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,139001,139002,139004,139006,139008,139010,139012,139014,139016,139018,139020],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,139003,34642],{"class":66},[60,139005,115],{"class":74},[60,139007,34933],{"class":118},[60,139009,122],{"class":74},[60,139011,256],{"class":255},[60,139013,2139],{"class":259},[60,139015,256],{"class":255},[60,139017,82],{"class":74},[60,139019,6070],{"class":255},[60,139021,128],{"class":74},[553,139023,1806,139025,124451],{"id":139024},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,139026,124286],{},[20,139028,129644],{},[46,139030,1842],{"id":1841},[30,139032,139033,139037,139043,139049,139055],{},[33,139034,139035],{},[260,139036,124521],{"href":124283},[33,139038,139039],{},[260,139040,126115,139041,1869],{"href":128802},[15,139042,60290],{},[33,139044,139045],{},[260,139046,126115,139047,1869],{"href":136685},[15,139048,41587],{},[33,139050,139051],{},[260,139052,126115,139053,1869],{"href":123842},[15,139054,123845],{},[33,139056,139057],{},[260,139058,124870],{"href":50904},[1885,139060,139061],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":139063},[139064,139065,139067,139070,139071,139075,139079,139080,139082,139090,139100],{"id":1971,"depth":104,"text":1972},{"id":137665,"depth":104,"text":139066},"What replace() does",{"id":5376,"depth":104,"text":5377,"children":139068},[139069],{"id":17329,"depth":131,"text":17330},{"id":5732,"depth":104,"text":5733},{"id":137880,"depth":104,"text":137881,"children":139072},[139073,139074],{"id":137894,"depth":131,"text":137895},{"id":137975,"depth":131,"text":137976},{"id":138063,"depth":104,"text":138064,"children":139076},[139077,139078],{"id":138072,"depth":131,"text":138073},{"id":138148,"depth":131,"text":138149},{"id":123761,"depth":104,"text":123762},{"id":138344,"depth":104,"text":139081},"What replace() returns",{"id":4467,"depth":104,"text":4468,"children":139083},[139084,139086,139087,139088],{"id":138563,"depth":131,"text":139085},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138707,"depth":131,"text":138708},{"id":138776,"depth":131,"text":138777},{"id":138906,"depth":131,"text":139089},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":139091},[139092,139094,139095,139096,139098],{"id":138939,"depth":131,"text":139093},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":138947,"depth":131,"text":138948},{"id":138954,"depth":131,"text":138955},{"id":138988,"depth":131,"text":139097},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":139024,"depth":131,"text":139099},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137550,"description":139101},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139108,"title":139109,"body":139110,"description":141129,"extension":1930,"meta":141130,"navigation":421,"path":141131,"seo":141132,"stem":141133,"__hash__":141134},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139111,"toc":141093},[139112,139117,139122,139125,139136,139138,139193,139198,139203,139210,139212,139227,139229,139285,139287,139325,139330,139332,139356,139359,139372,139377,139379,139411,139413,139446,139452,139457,139460,139470,139473,139475,139531,139533,139583,139586,139594,139597,139653,139655,139728,139741,139749,139753,139764,139767,139770,139823,139825,139857,139860,139914,139916,139951,139954,139959,139964,139969,139972,139974,140032,140034,140068,140070,140085,140088,140090,140132,140134,140160,140165,140173,140176,140178,140260,140262,140313,140316,140327,140335,140337,140410,140412,140430,140434,140437,140441,140468,140470,140478,140482,140517,140519,140532,140536,140539,140578,140580,140597,140602,140607,140618,140621,140632,140634,140636,140662,140665,140714,140716,140733,140736,140738,140790,140792,140824,140827,140885,140890,140892,140897,141000,141002,141016,141018,141025,141030,141035,141040,141045,141050,141053,141057,141062,141064,141090],[10,139113,123115,139115,18],{"id":139114},"python-string-split-method",[15,139116,60290],{},[20,139118,123120,139119,139121],{},[15,139120,60290],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,139123,139124],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[30,139126,139127,139130,139133],{},[33,139128,139129],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[33,139131,139132],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[33,139134,139135],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[46,139137,1972],{"id":1971},[51,139139,139141],{"className":53,"code":139140,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,139142,139143,139156,139178,139188],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,139144,139145,139147,139149,139151,139154],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,139146,34621],{"class":66},[60,139148,71],{"class":70},[60,139150,267],{"class":255},[60,139152,139153],{"class":259},"apple,banana,cherry",[60,139155,3320],{"class":255},[60,139157,139158,139160,139162,139164,139166,139168,139170,139172,139174,139176],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,139159,42768],{"class":66},[60,139161,71],{"class":70},[60,139163,42773],{"class":66},[60,139165,115],{"class":74},[60,139167,34402],{"class":118},[60,139169,122],{"class":74},[60,139171,256],{"class":255},[60,139173,82],{"class":259},[60,139175,256],{"class":255},[60,139177,128],{"class":74},[60,139179,139180,139182,139184,139186],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,139181,135],{"class":134},[60,139183,122],{"class":74},[60,139185,42800],{"class":118},[60,139187,128],{"class":74},[60,139189,139190],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,139191,139192],{"class":146},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,139194,150,139195,139197],{},[15,139196,60290],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[46,139199,158,139201,161],{"id":139200},"what-split-does",[15,139202,60290],{},[20,139204,139205,132163,139207,115],{},[15,139206,60290],{},[3698,139208,139209],{},"string method",[20,139211,48858],{},[30,139213,139214,139217,139222],{},[33,139215,139216],{},"divides a string into parts",[33,139218,119417,139219],{},[3698,139220,139221],{},"new list of strings",[33,139223,119423,139224,139226],{},[3698,139225,4581],{}," change the original string",[20,139228,238],{},[51,139230,139232],{"className":53,"code":139231,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139233,139234,139247,139261,139265,139275],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,139235,139236,139238,139240,139242,139245],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,139237,34621],{"class":66},[60,139239,71],{"class":70},[60,139241,267],{"class":255},[60,139243,139244],{"class":259},"red blue green",[60,139246,3320],{"class":255},[60,139248,139249,139251,139253,139255,139257,139259],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,139250,42768],{"class":66},[60,139252,71],{"class":70},[60,139254,42773],{"class":66},[60,139256,115],{"class":74},[60,139258,34402],{"class":118},[60,139260,8579],{"class":74},[60,139262,139263],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,139264,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,139266,139267,139269,139271,139273],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,139268,135],{"class":134},[60,139270,122],{"class":74},[60,139272,34642],{"class":118},[60,139274,128],{"class":74},[60,139276,139277,139279,139281,139283],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,139278,135],{"class":134},[60,139280,122],{"class":74},[60,139282,42800],{"class":118},[60,139284,128],{"class":74},[20,139286,318],{},[51,139288,139290],{"className":53,"code":139289,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,139291,139292,139297],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,139293,139294],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,139295,139296],{"class":66},"red blue green\n",[60,139298,139299,139301,139303,139305,139307,139309,139311,139313,139315,139317,139319,139321,139323],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,139300,3854],{"class":74},[60,139302,3261],{"class":255},[60,139304,386],{"class":259},[60,139306,3261],{"class":255},[60,139308,82],{"class":74},[60,139310,3256],{"class":255},[60,139312,395],{"class":259},[60,139314,3261],{"class":255},[60,139316,82],{"class":74},[60,139318,3256],{"class":255},[60,139320,404],{"class":259},[60,139322,3261],{"class":255},[60,139324,101],{"class":74},[20,139326,139327,139328,115],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[260,139329,124870],{"href":50904},[46,139331,199],{"id":198},[51,139333,139335],{"className":53,"code":139334,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,139336,139337],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,139338,139339,139341,139343,139345,139347,139349,139351,139354],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,139340,60933],{"class":66},[60,139342,115],{"class":74},[60,139344,34402],{"class":118},[60,139346,122],{"class":74},[60,139348,133519],{"class":118},[60,139350,82],{"class":74},[60,139352,139353],{"class":118}," maxsplit",[60,139355,128],{"class":74},[20,139357,139358],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[30,139360,139361,139366],{},[33,139362,139363,139365],{},[15,139364,133519],{}," tells Python where to split",[33,139367,139368,139371],{},[15,139369,139370],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,139373,8810,139374,139376],{},[15,139375,133519],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139378,238],{},[51,139380,139382],{"className":53,"code":139381,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139383,139384,139397],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,139385,139386,139388,139390,139392,139395],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,139387,34621],{"class":66},[60,139389,71],{"class":70},[60,139391,267],{"class":255},[60,139393,139394],{"class":259},"one two three",[60,139396,3320],{"class":255},[60,139398,139399,139401,139403,139405,139407,139409],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,139400,135],{"class":134},[60,139402,122],{"class":74},[60,139404,34642],{"class":118},[60,139406,115],{"class":74},[60,139408,34402],{"class":118},[60,139410,7136],{"class":74},[20,139412,318],{},[51,139414,139416],{"className":53,"code":139415,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,139417,139418],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,139419,139420,139422,139424,139426,139428,139430,139432,139434,139436,139438,139440,139442,139444],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,139421,3854],{"class":74},[60,139423,3261],{"class":255},[60,139425,6527],{"class":259},[60,139427,3261],{"class":255},[60,139429,82],{"class":74},[60,139431,3256],{"class":255},[60,139433,79031],{"class":259},[60,139435,3261],{"class":255},[60,139437,82],{"class":74},[60,139439,3256],{"class":255},[60,139441,134001],{"class":259},[60,139443,3261],{"class":255},[60,139445,101],{"class":74},[46,139447,8356,139449,139451],{"id":139448},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,139450,60290],{}," with no separator",[20,139453,69934,139454,139456],{},[15,139455,60290],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139458,139459],{},"Whitespace includes:",[30,139461,139462,139464,139467],{},[33,139463,10387],{},[33,139465,139466],{},"tabs",[33,139468,139469],{},"new lines",[20,139471,139472],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,139474,238],{},[51,139476,139478],{"className":53,"code":139477,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139479,139480,139503,139517,139521],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,139481,139482,139484,139486,139488,139491,139494,139496,139498,139501],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,139483,34621],{"class":66},[60,139485,71],{"class":70},[60,139487,267],{"class":255},[60,139489,139490],{"class":259},"Python   is",[60,139492,139493],{"class":34386},"\\t",[60,139495,133255],{"class":259},[60,139497,86913],{"class":34386},[60,139499,139500],{"class":259},"and useful",[60,139502,3320],{"class":255},[60,139504,139505,139507,139509,139511,139513,139515],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,139506,42768],{"class":66},[60,139508,71],{"class":70},[60,139510,42773],{"class":66},[60,139512,115],{"class":74},[60,139514,34402],{"class":118},[60,139516,8579],{"class":74},[60,139518,139519],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,139520,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,139522,139523,139525,139527,139529],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,139524,135],{"class":134},[60,139526,122],{"class":74},[60,139528,42800],{"class":118},[60,139530,128],{"class":74},[20,139532,318],{},[51,139534,139536],{"className":53,"code":139535,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,139537,139538],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,139539,139540,139542,139544,139546,139548,139550,139552,139554,139556,139558,139560,139562,139564,139566,139568,139570,139572,139574,139576,139579,139581],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,139541,3854],{"class":74},[60,139543,3261],{"class":255},[60,139545,7239],{"class":259},[60,139547,3261],{"class":255},[60,139549,82],{"class":74},[60,139551,3256],{"class":255},[60,139553,12130],{"class":259},[60,139555,3261],{"class":255},[60,139557,82],{"class":74},[60,139559,3256],{"class":255},[60,139561,133255],{"class":259},[60,139563,3261],{"class":255},[60,139565,82],{"class":74},[60,139567,3256],{"class":255},[60,139569,129880],{"class":259},[60,139571,3261],{"class":255},[60,139573,82],{"class":74},[60,139575,3256],{"class":255},[60,139577,139578],{"class":259},"useful",[60,139580,3261],{"class":255},[60,139582,101],{"class":74},[20,139584,139585],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[553,139587,139589,10521,139591],{"id":139588},"split-vs-split",[15,139590,60290],{},[15,139592,139593],{},"split(' ')",[20,139595,139596],{},"These are not the same.",[51,139598,139600],{"className":53,"code":139599,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,139601,139602,139615,139619,139633],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,139603,139604,139606,139608,139610,139613],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,139605,34621],{"class":66},[60,139607,71],{"class":70},[60,139609,267],{"class":255},[60,139611,139612],{"class":259},"a  b   c",[60,139614,3320],{"class":255},[60,139616,139617],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,139618,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,139620,139621,139623,139625,139627,139629,139631],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,139622,135],{"class":134},[60,139624,122],{"class":74},[60,139626,34642],{"class":118},[60,139628,115],{"class":74},[60,139630,34402],{"class":118},[60,139632,7136],{"class":74},[60,139634,139635,139637,139639,139641,139643,139645,139647,139649,139651],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,139636,135],{"class":134},[60,139638,122],{"class":74},[60,139640,34642],{"class":118},[60,139642,115],{"class":74},[60,139644,34402],{"class":118},[60,139646,122],{"class":74},[60,139648,256],{"class":255},[60,139650,267],{"class":255},[60,139652,315],{"class":74},[20,139654,318],{},[51,139656,139658],{"className":53,"code":139657,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,139659,139660,139688],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,139661,139662,139664,139666,139668,139670,139672,139674,139676,139678,139680,139682,139684,139686],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,139663,3854],{"class":74},[60,139665,3261],{"class":255},[60,139667,260],{"class":259},[60,139669,3261],{"class":255},[60,139671,82],{"class":74},[60,139673,3256],{"class":255},[60,139675,270],{"class":259},[60,139677,3261],{"class":255},[60,139679,82],{"class":74},[60,139681,3256],{"class":255},[60,139683,287],{"class":259},[60,139685,3261],{"class":255},[60,139687,101],{"class":74},[60,139689,139690,139692,139694,139696,139698,139700,139702,139704,139706,139708,139710,139712,139714,139716,139718,139720,139722,139724,139726],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,139691,3854],{"class":74},[60,139693,3261],{"class":255},[60,139695,260],{"class":259},[60,139697,3261],{"class":255},[60,139699,82],{"class":74},[60,139701,3794],{"class":255},[60,139703,82],{"class":74},[60,139705,3256],{"class":255},[60,139707,270],{"class":259},[60,139709,3261],{"class":255},[60,139711,82],{"class":74},[60,139713,3794],{"class":255},[60,139715,82],{"class":74},[60,139717,3794],{"class":255},[60,139719,82],{"class":74},[60,139721,3256],{"class":255},[60,139723,287],{"class":259},[60,139725,3261],{"class":255},[60,139727,101],{"class":74},[30,139729,139730,139735],{},[33,139731,139732,139734],{},[15,139733,60290],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[33,139736,139737,139740],{},[15,139738,139739],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,139742,139743,139744,139748],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[260,139745,126115,139746,1869],{"href":136685},[15,139747,41587],{}," is often useful.",[46,139750,139752],{"id":139751},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,139754,139755,139756,2154,139759,2158,139761,115],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,139757,139758],{},"\",\"",[15,139760,133354],{},[15,139762,139763],{},"\"::\"",[20,139765,139766],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,139768,139769],{},"Example with commas:",[51,139771,139773],{"className":53,"code":139772,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139774,139775,139787,139809,139813],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,139776,139777,139779,139781,139783,139785],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,139778,34621],{"class":66},[60,139780,71],{"class":70},[60,139782,267],{"class":255},[60,139784,139153],{"class":259},[60,139786,3320],{"class":255},[60,139788,139789,139791,139793,139795,139797,139799,139801,139803,139805,139807],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,139790,42768],{"class":66},[60,139792,71],{"class":70},[60,139794,42773],{"class":66},[60,139796,115],{"class":74},[60,139798,34402],{"class":118},[60,139800,122],{"class":74},[60,139802,256],{"class":255},[60,139804,82],{"class":259},[60,139806,256],{"class":255},[60,139808,128],{"class":74},[60,139810,139811],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,139812,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,139814,139815,139817,139819,139821],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,139816,135],{"class":134},[60,139818,122],{"class":74},[60,139820,42800],{"class":118},[60,139822,128],{"class":74},[20,139824,318],{},[51,139826,139827],{"className":53,"code":78210,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,139828,139829],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,139830,139831,139833,139835,139837,139839,139841,139843,139845,139847,139849,139851,139853,139855],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,139832,3854],{"class":74},[60,139834,3261],{"class":255},[60,139836,575],{"class":259},[60,139838,3261],{"class":255},[60,139840,82],{"class":74},[60,139842,3256],{"class":255},[60,139844,1392],{"class":259},[60,139846,3261],{"class":255},[60,139848,82],{"class":74},[60,139850,3256],{"class":255},[60,139852,4048],{"class":259},[60,139854,3261],{"class":255},[60,139856,101],{"class":74},[20,139858,139859],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[51,139861,139863],{"className":53,"code":139862,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139864,139865,139878,139900,139904],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,139866,139867,139869,139871,139873,139876],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,139868,34621],{"class":66},[60,139870,71],{"class":70},[60,139872,267],{"class":255},[60,139874,139875],{"class":259},"2024::10::31",[60,139877,3320],{"class":255},[60,139879,139880,139882,139884,139886,139888,139890,139892,139894,139896,139898],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,139881,42768],{"class":66},[60,139883,71],{"class":70},[60,139885,42773],{"class":66},[60,139887,115],{"class":74},[60,139889,34402],{"class":118},[60,139891,122],{"class":74},[60,139893,256],{"class":255},[60,139895,76427],{"class":259},[60,139897,256],{"class":255},[60,139899,128],{"class":74},[60,139901,139902],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,139903,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,139905,139906,139908,139910,139912],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,139907,135],{"class":134},[60,139909,122],{"class":74},[60,139911,42800],{"class":118},[60,139913,128],{"class":74},[20,139915,318],{},[51,139917,139919],{"className":53,"code":139918,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,139920,139921],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,139922,139923,139925,139927,139930,139932,139934,139936,139938,139940,139942,139944,139947,139949],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,139924,3854],{"class":74},[60,139926,3261],{"class":255},[60,139928,139929],{"class":259},"2024",[60,139931,3261],{"class":255},[60,139933,82],{"class":74},[60,139935,3256],{"class":255},[60,139937,873],{"class":259},[60,139939,3261],{"class":255},[60,139941,82],{"class":74},[60,139943,3256],{"class":255},[60,139945,139946],{"class":259},"31",[60,139948,3261],{"class":255},[60,139950,101],{"class":74},[20,139952,139953],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,139955,139956,139957,115],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[260,139958,128799],{"href":128798},[46,139960,8356,139962],{"id":139961},"using-maxsplit",[15,139963,139370],{},[20,139965,139966,139968],{},[15,139967,139370],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,139970,139971],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,139973,238],{},[51,139975,139977],{"className":53,"code":139976,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139978,139979,139992,140018,140022],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,139980,139981,139983,139985,139987,139990],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,139982,34621],{"class":66},[60,139984,71],{"class":70},[60,139986,267],{"class":255},[60,139988,139989],{"class":259},"name:age:city:country",[60,139991,3320],{"class":255},[60,139993,139994,139996,139998,140000,140002,140004,140006,140008,140010,140012,140014,140016],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,139995,42768],{"class":66},[60,139997,71],{"class":70},[60,139999,42773],{"class":66},[60,140001,115],{"class":74},[60,140003,34402],{"class":118},[60,140005,122],{"class":74},[60,140007,256],{"class":255},[60,140009,166],{"class":259},[60,140011,256],{"class":255},[60,140013,82],{"class":74},[60,140015,85],{"class":78},[60,140017,128],{"class":74},[60,140019,140020],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,140021,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,140023,140024,140026,140028,140030],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,140025,135],{"class":134},[60,140027,122],{"class":74},[60,140029,42800],{"class":118},[60,140031,128],{"class":74},[20,140033,318],{},[51,140035,140037],{"className":53,"code":140036,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,140038,140039],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,140040,140041,140043,140045,140047,140049,140051,140053,140055,140057,140059,140061,140064,140066],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,140042,3854],{"class":74},[60,140044,3261],{"class":255},[60,140046,7611],{"class":259},[60,140048,3261],{"class":255},[60,140050,82],{"class":74},[60,140052,3256],{"class":255},[60,140054,9234],{"class":259},[60,140056,3261],{"class":255},[60,140058,82],{"class":74},[60,140060,3256],{"class":255},[60,140062,140063],{"class":259},"city:country",[60,140065,3261],{"class":255},[60,140067,101],{"class":74},[20,140069,2144],{},[30,140071,140072,140077,140082],{},[33,140073,140074,140075],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,140076,166],{},[33,140078,140079,140080],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,140081,166],{},[33,140083,140084],{},"then stops",[20,140086,140087],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,140089,52006],{},[51,140091,140093],{"className":53,"code":140092,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,140094,140095,140108],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,140096,140097,140099,140101,140103,140106],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,140098,34621],{"class":66},[60,140100,71],{"class":70},[60,140102,267],{"class":255},[60,140104,140105],{"class":259},"apple banana cherry grape",[60,140107,3320],{"class":255},[60,140109,140110,140112,140114,140116,140118,140120,140122,140124,140126,140128,140130],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,140111,135],{"class":134},[60,140113,122],{"class":74},[60,140115,34642],{"class":118},[60,140117,115],{"class":74},[60,140119,34402],{"class":118},[60,140121,122],{"class":74},[60,140123,256],{"class":255},[60,140125,267],{"class":255},[60,140127,82],{"class":74},[60,140129,695],{"class":78},[60,140131,315],{"class":74},[20,140133,318],{},[51,140135,140137],{"className":53,"code":140136,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,140138,140139],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,140140,140141,140143,140145,140147,140149,140151,140153,140156,140158],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,140142,3854],{"class":74},[60,140144,3261],{"class":255},[60,140146,575],{"class":259},[60,140148,3261],{"class":255},[60,140150,82],{"class":74},[60,140152,3256],{"class":255},[60,140154,140155],{"class":259},"banana cherry grape",[60,140157,3261],{"class":255},[60,140159,101],{"class":74},[46,140161,158,140163,11642],{"id":140162},"what-split-returns",[15,140164,60290],{},[20,140166,140167,140168,140170,140171,115],{},"The result of ",[15,140169,60290],{}," is always a ",[3698,140172,8033],{},[20,140174,140175],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,140177,238],{},[51,140179,140181],{"className":53,"code":140180,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,140182,140183,140196,140218,140222,140232,140246],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,140184,140185,140187,140189,140191,140194],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,140186,34621],{"class":66},[60,140188,71],{"class":70},[60,140190,267],{"class":255},[60,140192,140193],{"class":259},"cat,dog,bird",[60,140195,3320],{"class":255},[60,140197,140198,140200,140202,140204,140206,140208,140210,140212,140214,140216],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,140199,42768],{"class":66},[60,140201,71],{"class":70},[60,140203,42773],{"class":66},[60,140205,115],{"class":74},[60,140207,34402],{"class":118},[60,140209,122],{"class":74},[60,140211,256],{"class":255},[60,140213,82],{"class":259},[60,140215,256],{"class":255},[60,140217,128],{"class":74},[60,140219,140220],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,140221,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,140223,140224,140226,140228,140230],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,140225,135],{"class":134},[60,140227,122],{"class":74},[60,140229,42800],{"class":118},[60,140231,128],{"class":74},[60,140233,140234,140236,140238,140240,140242,140244],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,140235,135],{"class":134},[60,140237,122],{"class":74},[60,140239,1657],{"class":1656},[60,140241,122],{"class":74},[60,140243,42800],{"class":118},[60,140245,315],{"class":74},[60,140247,140248,140250,140252,140254,140256,140258],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,140249,135],{"class":134},[60,140251,122],{"class":74},[60,140253,42800],{"class":118},[60,140255,3854],{"class":74},[60,140257,195],{"class":78},[60,140259,1193],{"class":74},[20,140261,318],{},[51,140263,140265],{"className":53,"code":140264,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,140266,140267,140295,140309],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,140268,140269,140271,140273,140275,140277,140279,140281,140283,140285,140287,140289,140291,140293],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,140270,3854],{"class":74},[60,140272,3261],{"class":255},[60,140274,959],{"class":259},[60,140276,3261],{"class":255},[60,140278,82],{"class":74},[60,140280,3256],{"class":255},[60,140282,968],{"class":259},[60,140284,3261],{"class":255},[60,140286,82],{"class":74},[60,140288,3256],{"class":255},[60,140290,985],{"class":259},[60,140292,3261],{"class":255},[60,140294,101],{"class":74},[60,140296,140297,140299,140301,140303,140305,140307],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,140298,3250],{"class":70},[60,140300,3253],{"class":2033},[60,140302,3256],{"class":255},[60,140304,8033],{"class":259},[60,140306,3261],{"class":255},[60,140308,3264],{"class":70},[60,140310,140311],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,140312,85229],{"class":66},[20,140314,140315],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[30,140317,140318,140321,140324],{},[33,140319,140320],{},"loop over it",[33,140322,140323],{},"access items by index",[33,140325,140326],{},"combine items again later",[20,140328,140329,140330,115],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[260,140331,126115,140333,1869],{"href":140332},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,140334,133197],{},[20,140336,238],{},[51,140338,140340],{"className":53,"code":140339,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140341,140342,140374,140396,140400],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,140343,140344,140346,140348,140350,140352,140354,140356,140358,140360,140362,140364,140366,140368,140370,140372],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,140345,42768],{"class":66},[60,140347,71],{"class":70},[60,140349,75],{"class":74},[60,140351,3261],{"class":255},[60,140353,959],{"class":259},[60,140355,3261],{"class":255},[60,140357,82],{"class":74},[60,140359,3256],{"class":255},[60,140361,968],{"class":259},[60,140363,3261],{"class":255},[60,140365,82],{"class":74},[60,140367,3256],{"class":255},[60,140369,985],{"class":259},[60,140371,3261],{"class":255},[60,140373,101],{"class":74},[60,140375,140376,140378,140380,140382,140384,140386,140388,140390,140392,140394],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,140377,34621],{"class":66},[60,140379,71],{"class":70},[60,140381,267],{"class":255},[60,140383,1991],{"class":259},[60,140385,256],{"class":255},[60,140387,115],{"class":74},[60,140389,133274],{"class":118},[60,140391,122],{"class":74},[60,140393,42800],{"class":118},[60,140395,128],{"class":74},[60,140397,140398],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,140399,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,140401,140402,140404,140406,140408],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,140403,135],{"class":134},[60,140405,122],{"class":74},[60,140407,34642],{"class":118},[60,140409,128],{"class":74},[20,140411,318],{},[51,140413,140415],{"className":53,"code":140414,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,140416,140417],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,140418,140419,140421,140423,140425,140427],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,140420,959],{"class":66},[60,140422,1991],{"class":70},[60,140424,968],{"class":66},[60,140426,1991],{"class":70},[60,140428,140429],{"class":66},"bird\n",[46,140431,140433],{"id":140432},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,140435,140436],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[553,140438,140440],{"id":140439},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[51,140442,140444],{"className":53,"code":140443,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140445,140446,140454],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,140447,140448,140450,140452],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,140449,34621],{"class":66},[60,140451,71],{"class":70},[60,140453,7821],{"class":255},[60,140455,140456,140458,140460,140462,140464,140466],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,140457,135],{"class":134},[60,140459,122],{"class":74},[60,140461,34642],{"class":118},[60,140463,115],{"class":74},[60,140465,34402],{"class":118},[60,140467,7136],{"class":74},[20,140469,318],{},[51,140471,140472],{"className":53,"code":38230,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,140473,140474],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,140475,140476],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,140477,38230],{"class":74},[553,140479,140481],{"id":140480},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[51,140483,140485],{"className":53,"code":140484,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140486,140487,140495],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,140488,140489,140491,140493],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,140490,34621],{"class":66},[60,140492,71],{"class":70},[60,140494,7821],{"class":255},[60,140496,140497,140499,140501,140503,140505,140507,140509,140511,140513,140515],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,140498,135],{"class":134},[60,140500,122],{"class":74},[60,140502,34642],{"class":118},[60,140504,115],{"class":74},[60,140506,34402],{"class":118},[60,140508,122],{"class":74},[60,140510,256],{"class":255},[60,140512,82],{"class":259},[60,140514,256],{"class":255},[60,140516,315],{"class":74},[20,140518,318],{},[51,140520,140522],{"className":53,"code":140521,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['']\n",[15,140523,140524],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,140525,140526,140528,140530],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,140527,3854],{"class":74},[60,140529,3729],{"class":255},[60,140531,101],{"class":74},[553,140533,140535],{"id":140534},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,140537,140538],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[51,140540,140542],{"className":53,"code":140541,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140543,140544,140556],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,140545,140546,140548,140550,140552,140554],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,140547,34621],{"class":66},[60,140549,71],{"class":70},[60,140551,267],{"class":255},[60,140553,3801],{"class":259},[60,140555,3320],{"class":255},[60,140557,140558,140560,140562,140564,140566,140568,140570,140572,140574,140576],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,140559,135],{"class":134},[60,140561,122],{"class":74},[60,140563,34642],{"class":118},[60,140565,115],{"class":74},[60,140567,34402],{"class":118},[60,140569,122],{"class":74},[60,140571,256],{"class":255},[60,140573,82],{"class":259},[60,140575,256],{"class":255},[60,140577,315],{"class":74},[20,140579,318],{},[51,140581,140583],{"className":53,"code":140582,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['hello']\n",[15,140584,140585],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,140586,140587,140589,140591,140593,140595],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,140588,3854],{"class":74},[60,140590,3261],{"class":255},[60,140592,3801],{"class":259},[60,140594,3261],{"class":255},[60,140596,101],{"class":74},[46,140598,1221,140600],{"id":140599},"when-to-use-split",[15,140601,60290],{},[20,140603,150,140604,140606],{},[15,140605,60290],{}," when you need to:",[30,140608,140609,140612,140615],{},[33,140610,140611],{},"split a sentence into words",[33,140613,140614],{},"split comma-separated values",[33,140616,140617],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,140619,140620],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[30,140622,140623,140626,140629],{},[33,140624,140625],{},"cleaning text",[33,140627,140628],{},"parsing user input",[33,140630,140631],{},"processing simple file content",[46,140633,1351],{"id":1350},[20,140635,84000],{},[30,140637,140638,140642,140648,140651,140659],{},[33,140639,50436,140640,131335],{},[15,140641,60290],{},[33,140643,140644,140645,140647],{},"forgetting that ",[15,140646,60290],{}," returns a list, not a string",[33,140649,140650],{},"using the wrong separator",[33,140652,140653,140654,140656,140657],{},"assuming ",[15,140655,139593],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,140658,60290],{},[33,140660,140661],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,140663,140664],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[51,140666,140668],{"className":53,"code":140667,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140669,140670,140682,140700,140704],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,140671,140672,140674,140676,140678,140680],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,140673,34621],{"class":66},[60,140675,71],{"class":70},[60,140677,267],{"class":255},[60,140679,42761],{"class":259},[60,140681,3320],{"class":255},[60,140683,140684,140686,140688,140690,140692,140694,140696,140698],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,140685,34642],{"class":66},[60,140687,115],{"class":74},[60,140689,34402],{"class":118},[60,140691,122],{"class":74},[60,140693,256],{"class":255},[60,140695,82],{"class":259},[60,140697,256],{"class":255},[60,140699,128],{"class":74},[60,140701,140702],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,140703,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,140705,140706,140708,140710,140712],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,140707,135],{"class":134},[60,140709,122],{"class":74},[60,140711,34642],{"class":118},[60,140713,128],{"class":74},[20,140715,318],{},[51,140717,140719],{"className":53,"code":140718,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a,b,c\n",[15,140720,140721],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,140722,140723,140725,140727,140729,140731],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,140724,260],{"class":66},[60,140726,82],{"class":74},[60,140728,270],{"class":66},[60,140730,82],{"class":74},[60,140732,69006],{"class":66},[20,140734,140735],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,140737,10743],{},[51,140739,140740],{"className":53,"code":42748,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,140741,140742,140754,140776,140780],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,140743,140744,140746,140748,140750,140752],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,140745,34621],{"class":66},[60,140747,71],{"class":70},[60,140749,267],{"class":255},[60,140751,42761],{"class":259},[60,140753,3320],{"class":255},[60,140755,140756,140758,140760,140762,140764,140766,140768,140770,140772,140774],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,140757,42768],{"class":66},[60,140759,71],{"class":70},[60,140761,42773],{"class":66},[60,140763,115],{"class":74},[60,140765,34402],{"class":118},[60,140767,122],{"class":74},[60,140769,256],{"class":255},[60,140771,82],{"class":259},[60,140773,256],{"class":255},[60,140775,128],{"class":74},[60,140777,140778],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,140779,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,140781,140782,140784,140786,140788],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,140783,135],{"class":134},[60,140785,122],{"class":74},[60,140787,42800],{"class":118},[60,140789,128],{"class":74},[20,140791,318],{},[51,140793,140794],{"className":53,"code":42807,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,140795,140796],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,140797,140798,140800,140802,140804,140806,140808,140810,140812,140814,140816,140818,140820,140822],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,140799,3854],{"class":74},[60,140801,3261],{"class":255},[60,140803,260],{"class":259},[60,140805,3261],{"class":255},[60,140807,82],{"class":74},[60,140809,3256],{"class":255},[60,140811,270],{"class":259},[60,140813,3261],{"class":255},[60,140815,82],{"class":74},[60,140817,3256],{"class":255},[60,140819,287],{"class":259},[60,140821,3261],{"class":255},[60,140823,101],{"class":74},[20,140825,140826],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[51,140828,140830],{"className":53,"code":140829,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,140831,140832,140845,140867,140871],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,140833,140834,140836,140838,140840,140843],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,140835,34621],{"class":66},[60,140837,71],{"class":70},[60,140839,267],{"class":255},[60,140841,140842],{"class":259},"apple,banana",[60,140844,3320],{"class":255},[60,140846,140847,140849,140851,140853,140855,140857,140859,140861,140863,140865],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,140848,42768],{"class":66},[60,140850,71],{"class":70},[60,140852,42773],{"class":66},[60,140854,115],{"class":74},[60,140856,34402],{"class":118},[60,140858,122],{"class":74},[60,140860,256],{"class":255},[60,140862,82],{"class":259},[60,140864,256],{"class":255},[60,140866,128],{"class":74},[60,140868,140869],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,140870,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,140872,140873,140875,140877,140879,140881,140883],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,140874,135],{"class":134},[60,140876,122],{"class":74},[60,140878,42800],{"class":118},[60,140880,3854],{"class":74},[60,140882,125],{"class":78},[60,140884,1193],{"class":74},[20,140886,140887,140888,115],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[260,140889,69019],{"href":69018},[553,140891,60469],{"id":60468},[20,140893,8810,140894,140896],{},[15,140895,60290],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[51,140898,140900],{"className":53,"code":140899,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,140901,140902,140912,140926,140948,140974],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,140903,140904,140906,140908,140910],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,140905,135],{"class":134},[60,140907,122],{"class":74},[60,140909,34642],{"class":118},[60,140911,128],{"class":74},[60,140913,140914,140916,140918,140920,140922,140924],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,140915,135],{"class":134},[60,140917,122],{"class":74},[60,140919,34642],{"class":118},[60,140921,115],{"class":74},[60,140923,34402],{"class":118},[60,140925,7136],{"class":74},[60,140927,140928,140930,140932,140934,140936,140938,140940,140942,140944,140946],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,140929,135],{"class":134},[60,140931,122],{"class":74},[60,140933,34642],{"class":118},[60,140935,115],{"class":74},[60,140937,34402],{"class":118},[60,140939,122],{"class":74},[60,140941,3261],{"class":255},[60,140943,82],{"class":259},[60,140945,3261],{"class":255},[60,140947,315],{"class":74},[60,140949,140950,140952,140954,140956,140958,140960,140962,140964,140966,140968,140970,140972],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,140951,135],{"class":134},[60,140953,122],{"class":74},[60,140955,11097],{"class":134},[60,140957,122],{"class":74},[60,140959,34642],{"class":118},[60,140961,115],{"class":74},[60,140963,34402],{"class":118},[60,140965,122],{"class":74},[60,140967,3261],{"class":255},[60,140969,82],{"class":259},[60,140971,3261],{"class":255},[60,140973,2872],{"class":74},[60,140975,140976,140978,140980,140982,140984,140986,140988,140990,140992,140994,140996,140998],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,140977,135],{"class":134},[60,140979,122],{"class":74},[60,140981,1657],{"class":1656},[60,140983,122],{"class":74},[60,140985,34642],{"class":118},[60,140987,115],{"class":74},[60,140989,34402],{"class":118},[60,140991,122],{"class":74},[60,140993,3261],{"class":255},[60,140995,82],{"class":259},[60,140997,3261],{"class":255},[60,140999,2872],{"class":74},[20,141001,11106],{},[30,141003,141004,141007,141010,141013],{},[33,141005,141006],{},"what the original string looks like",[33,141008,141009],{},"which separator works",[33,141011,141012],{},"how many items were created",[33,141014,141015],{},"that the result is a list",[46,141017,1773],{"id":1772},[553,141019,5126,141021,544,141023,1435],{"id":141020},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,141022,60290],{},[15,141024,139593],{},[20,141026,141027,141029],{},[15,141028,60290],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,141031,141032,141034],{},[15,141033,139593],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[553,141036,1777,141038,124442],{"id":141037},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,141039,60290],{},[20,141041,141042,141043,56400],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,141044,60290],{},[553,141046,5090,141048,39894],{"id":141047},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,141049,139370],{},[20,141051,141052],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[553,141054,141056],{"id":141055},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,141058,1438,141059,141061],{},[15,141060,60290],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[46,141063,1842],{"id":1841},[30,141065,141066,141070,141076,141082,141086],{},[33,141067,141068],{},[260,141069,129720],{"href":128798},[33,141071,141072],{},[260,141073,126115,141074,1869],{"href":140332},[15,141075,133197],{},[33,141077,141078],{},[260,141079,126115,141080,1869],{"href":136685},[15,141081,41587],{},[33,141083,141084],{},[260,141085,124870],{"href":50904},[33,141087,141088],{},[260,141089,69019],{"href":69018},[1885,141091,141092],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":141094},[141095,141096,141098,141099,141104,141105,141107,141109,141114,141116,141119,141128],{"id":1971,"depth":104,"text":1972},{"id":139200,"depth":104,"text":141097},"What split() does",{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199},{"id":139448,"depth":104,"text":141100,"children":141101},"Using split() with no separator",[141102],{"id":139588,"depth":131,"text":141103},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139751,"depth":104,"text":139752},{"id":139961,"depth":104,"text":141106},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140162,"depth":104,"text":141108},"What split() returns",{"id":140432,"depth":104,"text":140433,"children":141110},[141111,141112,141113],{"id":140439,"depth":131,"text":140440},{"id":140480,"depth":131,"text":140481},{"id":140534,"depth":131,"text":140535},{"id":140599,"depth":104,"text":141115},"When to use split()",{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351,"children":141117},[141118],{"id":60468,"depth":131,"text":60469},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":141120},[141121,141123,141125,141127],{"id":141020,"depth":131,"text":141122},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141037,"depth":131,"text":141124},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141047,"depth":131,"text":141126},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141055,"depth":131,"text":141056},{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139109,"description":141129},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141136,"title":141137,"body":141138,"description":143081,"extension":1930,"meta":143082,"navigation":421,"path":143083,"seo":143084,"stem":143085,"__hash__":143086},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141139,"toc":143040},[141140,141145,141150,141157,141230,141235,141240,141245,141261,141263,141333,141335,141337,141357,141359,141404,141409,141411,141509,141514,141518,141523,141527,141530,141572,141576,141579,141624,141628,141631,141681,141685,141690,141742,141744,141749,141760,141765,141845,141847,141859,141868,141875,141890,141892,142007,142013,142017,142020,142025,142167,142170,142177,142179,142183,142191,142260,142266,142315,142320,142325,142327,142347,142349,142415,142417,142421,142424,142428,142469,142471,142504,142509,142512,142539,142541,142584,142591,142596,142606,142672,142676,142684,142689,142740,142744,142747,142749,142758,142760,142810,142812,142919,142921,142926,142933,142939,142942,142973,142978,142980,142987,142995,143004,143007,143009,143037],[10,141141,123115,141143,18],{"id":141142},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,141144,127483],{},[20,141146,123120,141147,141149],{},[15,141148,127483],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,141151,126181,141152,1460,141154,141156],{},[15,141153,547],{},[15,141155,1463],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[51,141158,141160],{"className":53,"code":141159,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,141161,141162,141175,141179,141204],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,141163,141164,141166,141168,141170,141173],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,141165,34621],{"class":66},[60,141167,71],{"class":70},[60,141169,267],{"class":255},[60,141171,141172],{"class":259},"Python Beginner Help",[60,141174,3320],{"class":255},[60,141176,141177],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,141178,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,141180,141181,141183,141185,141187,141189,141192,141194,141196,141198,141200,141202],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,141182,135],{"class":134},[60,141184,122],{"class":74},[60,141186,34642],{"class":118},[60,141188,115],{"class":74},[60,141190,141191],{"class":118},"startswith",[60,141193,122],{"class":74},[60,141195,256],{"class":255},[60,141197,7239],{"class":259},[60,141199,256],{"class":255},[60,141201,446],{"class":74},[60,141203,43786],{"class":146},[60,141205,141206,141208,141210,141212,141214,141216,141218,141220,141223,141225,141227],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,141207,135],{"class":134},[60,141209,122],{"class":74},[60,141211,34642],{"class":118},[60,141213,115],{"class":74},[60,141215,141191],{"class":118},[60,141217,122],{"class":74},[60,141219,256],{"class":255},[60,141221,141222],{"class":259},"Beginner",[60,141224,256],{"class":255},[60,141226,446],{"class":74},[60,141228,141229],{"class":146}," # False\n",[20,141231,150,141232,141234],{},[15,141233,127483],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[46,141236,158,141238,161],{"id":141237},"what-startswith-does",[15,141239,127483],{},[20,141241,141242,141244],{},[15,141243,127483],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[30,141246,141247,141250,141256,141258],{},[33,141248,141249],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[33,141251,5096,141252,1460,141254],{},[15,141253,547],{},[15,141255,1463],{},[33,141257,123258],{},[33,141259,141260],{},"It works only on strings",[20,141262,238],{},[51,141264,141266],{"className":53,"code":141265,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,141267,141268,141280,141284,141309],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,141269,141270,141272,141274,141276,141278],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,141271,7816],{"class":66},[60,141273,71],{"class":70},[60,141275,267],{"class":255},[60,141277,7239],{"class":259},[60,141279,3320],{"class":255},[60,141281,141282],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,141283,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,141285,141286,141288,141290,141292,141294,141296,141298,141300,141303,141305,141307],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,141287,135],{"class":134},[60,141289,122],{"class":74},[60,141291,7611],{"class":118},[60,141293,115],{"class":74},[60,141295,141191],{"class":118},[60,141297,122],{"class":74},[60,141299,256],{"class":255},[60,141301,141302],{"class":259},"Py",[60,141304,256],{"class":255},[60,141306,446],{"class":74},[60,141308,43786],{"class":146},[60,141310,141311,141313,141315,141317,141319,141321,141323,141325,141327,141329,141331],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,141312,135],{"class":134},[60,141314,122],{"class":74},[60,141316,7611],{"class":118},[60,141318,115],{"class":74},[60,141320,141191],{"class":118},[60,141322,122],{"class":74},[60,141324,256],{"class":255},[60,141326,128561],{"class":259},[60,141328,256],{"class":255},[60,141330,446],{"class":74},[60,141332,43803],{"class":146},[46,141334,199],{"id":198},[20,141336,42316],{},[51,141338,141340],{"className":53,"code":141339,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,141341,141342],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,141343,141344,141346,141348,141350,141352,141355],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,141345,60933],{"class":66},[60,141347,115],{"class":74},[60,141349,141191],{"class":118},[60,141351,122],{"class":74},[60,141353,141354],{"class":118},"prefix",[60,141356,128],{"class":74},[20,141358,30696],{},[51,141360,141362],{"className":53,"code":141361,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,141363,141364,141382],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,141365,141366,141368,141370,141372,141374,141376,141378,141380],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,141367,60933],{"class":66},[60,141369,115],{"class":74},[60,141371,141191],{"class":118},[60,141373,122],{"class":74},[60,141375,141354],{"class":118},[60,141377,82],{"class":74},[60,141379,35987],{"class":118},[60,141381,128],{"class":74},[60,141383,141384,141386,141388,141390,141392,141394,141396,141398,141400,141402],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,141385,60933],{"class":66},[60,141387,115],{"class":74},[60,141389,141191],{"class":118},[60,141391,122],{"class":74},[60,141393,141354],{"class":118},[60,141395,82],{"class":74},[60,141397,35987],{"class":118},[60,141399,82],{"class":74},[60,141401,64800],{"class":118},[60,141403,128],{"class":74},[20,141405,20704,141406,141408],{},[15,141407,141354],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,141410,238],{},[51,141412,141414],{"className":53,"code":141413,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,141415,141416,141428,141432,141457,141481],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,141417,141418,141420,141422,141424,141426],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,141419,34621],{"class":66},[60,141421,71],{"class":70},[60,141423,267],{"class":255},[60,141425,60165],{"class":259},[60,141427,3320],{"class":255},[60,141429,141430],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,141431,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,141433,141434,141436,141438,141440,141442,141444,141446,141448,141450,141452,141454],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,141435,135],{"class":134},[60,141437,122],{"class":74},[60,141439,34642],{"class":118},[60,141441,115],{"class":74},[60,141443,141191],{"class":118},[60,141445,122],{"class":74},[60,141447,256],{"class":255},[60,141449,3801],{"class":259},[60,141451,256],{"class":255},[60,141453,446],{"class":74},[60,141455,141456],{"class":146},"      # True\n",[60,141458,141459,141461,141463,141465,141467,141469,141471,141473,141475,141477,141479],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,141460,135],{"class":134},[60,141462,122],{"class":74},[60,141464,34642],{"class":118},[60,141466,115],{"class":74},[60,141468,141191],{"class":118},[60,141470,122],{"class":74},[60,141472,256],{"class":255},[60,141474,60350],{"class":259},[60,141476,256],{"class":255},[60,141478,446],{"class":74},[60,141480,21133],{"class":146},[60,141482,141483,141485,141487,141489,141491,141493,141495,141497,141499,141501,141503,141505,141507],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,141484,135],{"class":134},[60,141486,122],{"class":74},[60,141488,34642],{"class":118},[60,141490,115],{"class":74},[60,141492,141191],{"class":118},[60,141494,122],{"class":74},[60,141496,256],{"class":255},[60,141498,60350],{"class":259},[60,141500,256],{"class":255},[60,141502,82],{"class":74},[60,141504,37578],{"class":78},[60,141506,446],{"class":74},[60,141508,43786],{"class":146},[20,141510,141511,141512,115],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[260,141513,124870],{"href":50904},[46,141515,141517],{"id":141516},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,141519,141520,141522],{},[15,141521,127483],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[553,141524,141525],{"id":141354},[15,141526,141354],{},[20,141528,141529],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[51,141531,141533],{"className":53,"code":141532,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,141534,141535,141547],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,141536,141537,141539,141541,141543,141545],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,141538,34621],{"class":66},[60,141540,71],{"class":70},[60,141542,267],{"class":255},[60,141544,1392],{"class":259},[60,141546,3320],{"class":255},[60,141548,141549,141551,141553,141555,141557,141559,141561,141563,141566,141568,141570],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,141550,135],{"class":134},[60,141552,122],{"class":74},[60,141554,34642],{"class":118},[60,141556,115],{"class":74},[60,141558,141191],{"class":118},[60,141560,122],{"class":74},[60,141562,256],{"class":255},[60,141564,141565],{"class":259},"ban",[60,141567,256],{"class":255},[60,141569,446],{"class":74},[60,141571,1545],{"class":146},[553,141573,141574],{"id":36008},[15,141575,36008],{},[20,141577,141578],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[51,141580,141582],{"className":53,"code":141581,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,141583,141584,141596],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,141585,141586,141588,141590,141592,141594],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,141587,34621],{"class":66},[60,141589,71],{"class":70},[60,141591,267],{"class":255},[60,141593,60165],{"class":259},[60,141595,3320],{"class":255},[60,141597,141598,141600,141602,141604,141606,141608,141610,141612,141614,141616,141618,141620,141622],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,141599,135],{"class":134},[60,141601,122],{"class":74},[60,141603,34642],{"class":118},[60,141605,115],{"class":74},[60,141607,141191],{"class":118},[60,141609,122],{"class":74},[60,141611,256],{"class":255},[60,141613,60350],{"class":259},[60,141615,256],{"class":255},[60,141617,82],{"class":74},[60,141619,37578],{"class":78},[60,141621,446],{"class":74},[60,141623,1545],{"class":146},[553,141625,141626],{"id":52587},[15,141627,52587],{},[20,141629,141630],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[51,141632,141634],{"className":53,"code":141633,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,141635,141636,141648],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,141637,141638,141640,141642,141644,141646],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,141639,34621],{"class":66},[60,141641,71],{"class":70},[60,141643,267],{"class":255},[60,141645,60165],{"class":259},[60,141647,3320],{"class":255},[60,141649,141650,141652,141654,141656,141658,141660,141662,141664,141667,141669,141671,141673,141675,141677,141679],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,141651,135],{"class":134},[60,141653,122],{"class":74},[60,141655,34642],{"class":118},[60,141657,115],{"class":74},[60,141659,141191],{"class":118},[60,141661,122],{"class":74},[60,141663,256],{"class":255},[60,141665,141666],{"class":259},"wor",[60,141668,256],{"class":255},[60,141670,82],{"class":74},[60,141672,37578],{"class":78},[60,141674,82],{"class":74},[60,141676,54060],{"class":78},[60,141678,446],{"class":74},[60,141680,1545],{"class":146},[553,141682,141684],{"id":141683},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,141686,141687,141689],{},[15,141688,141354],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[51,141691,141693],{"className":53,"code":141692,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,141694,141695,141708],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,141696,141697,141699,141701,141703,141706],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,141698,126198],{"class":66},[60,141700,71],{"class":70},[60,141702,267],{"class":255},[60,141704,141705],{"class":259},"img_001.png",[60,141707,3320],{"class":255},[60,141709,141710,141712,141714,141716,141718,141720,141722,141724,141727,141729,141731,141733,141736,141738,141740],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,141711,135],{"class":134},[60,141713,122],{"class":74},[60,141715,126216],{"class":118},[60,141717,115],{"class":74},[60,141719,141191],{"class":118},[60,141721,5456],{"class":74},[60,141723,256],{"class":255},[60,141725,141726],{"class":259},"img_",[60,141728,256],{"class":255},[60,141730,82],{"class":74},[60,141732,267],{"class":255},[60,141734,141735],{"class":259},"photo_",[60,141737,256],{"class":255},[60,141739,51019],{"class":74},[60,141741,1545],{"class":146},[46,141743,17354],{"id":17353},[20,141745,141746,141748],{},[15,141747,127483],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[30,141750,141751,141756],{},[33,141752,141753,141755],{},[15,141754,547],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[33,141757,141758,126800],{},[15,141759,1463],{},[20,141761,141762,141763,7114],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,141764,6939],{},[51,141766,141768],{"className":53,"code":141767,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,141769,141770,141784,141788,141809,141824,141830],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,141771,141772,141775,141777,141779,141782],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,141773,141774],{"class":66},"command ",[60,141776,71],{"class":70},[60,141778,267],{"class":255},[60,141780,141781],{"class":259},"\u002Fhelp",[60,141783,3320],{"class":255},[60,141785,141786],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,141787,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,141789,141790,141792,141795,141797,141799,141801,141803,141805,141807],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,141791,6939],{"class":1537},[60,141793,141794],{"class":66}," command",[60,141796,115],{"class":74},[60,141798,141191],{"class":118},[60,141800,122],{"class":74},[60,141802,256],{"class":255},[60,141804,127007],{"class":259},[60,141806,256],{"class":255},[60,141808,8281],{"class":74},[60,141810,141811,141813,141815,141817,141820,141822],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,141812,1718],{"class":134},[60,141814,122],{"class":74},[60,141816,256],{"class":255},[60,141818,141819],{"class":259},"This looks like a command.",[60,141821,256],{"class":255},[60,141823,128],{"class":74},[60,141825,141826,141828],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,141827,27367],{"class":1537},[60,141829,1712],{"class":74},[60,141831,141832,141834,141836,141838,141841,141843],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,141833,1718],{"class":134},[60,141835,122],{"class":74},[60,141837,256],{"class":255},[60,141839,141840],{"class":259},"This is normal text.",[60,141842,256],{"class":255},[60,141844,128],{"class":74},[20,141846,318],{},[51,141848,141850],{"className":53,"code":141849,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,141851,141852],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,141853,141854,141857],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,141855,141856],{"class":66},"This looks like a command",[60,141858,122147],{"class":74},[46,141860,8356,141862,8640,141864,544,141866],{"id":141861},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,141863,127483],{},[15,141865,36008],{},[15,141867,52587],{},[20,141869,1947,141870,544,141872,141874],{},[15,141871,36008],{},[15,141873,52587],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[30,141876,141877,141882,141887],{},[33,141878,141879,141881],{},[15,141880,36008],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[33,141883,141884,141886],{},[15,141885,52587],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[33,141888,141889],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,141891,238],{},[51,141893,141895],{"className":53,"code":141894,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,141896,141897,141909,141913,141942,141975],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,141898,141899,141901,141903,141905,141907],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,141900,34621],{"class":66},[60,141902,71],{"class":70},[60,141904,267],{"class":255},[60,141906,139394],{"class":259},[60,141908,3320],{"class":255},[60,141910,141911],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,141912,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,141914,141915,141917,141919,141921,141923,141925,141927,141929,141931,141933,141935,141937,141939],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,141916,135],{"class":134},[60,141918,122],{"class":74},[60,141920,34642],{"class":118},[60,141922,115],{"class":74},[60,141924,141191],{"class":118},[60,141926,122],{"class":74},[60,141928,256],{"class":255},[60,141930,79031],{"class":259},[60,141932,256],{"class":255},[60,141934,82],{"class":74},[60,141936,800],{"class":78},[60,141938,446],{"class":74},[60,141940,141941],{"class":146},"        # True\n",[60,141943,141944,141946,141948,141950,141952,141954,141956,141958,141960,141962,141964,141966,141968,141971,141973],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,141945,135],{"class":134},[60,141947,122],{"class":74},[60,141949,34642],{"class":118},[60,141951,115],{"class":74},[60,141953,141191],{"class":118},[60,141955,122],{"class":74},[60,141957,256],{"class":255},[60,141959,134001],{"class":259},[60,141961,256],{"class":255},[60,141963,82],{"class":74},[60,141965,6301],{"class":78},[60,141967,82],{"class":74},[60,141969,141970],{"class":78}," 13",[60,141972,446],{"class":74},[60,141974,1545],{"class":146},[60,141976,141977,141979,141981,141983,141985,141987,141989,141991,141993,141995,141997,141999,142001,142003,142005],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,141978,135],{"class":134},[60,141980,122],{"class":74},[60,141982,34642],{"class":118},[60,141984,115],{"class":74},[60,141986,141191],{"class":118},[60,141988,122],{"class":74},[60,141990,256],{"class":255},[60,141992,134001],{"class":259},[60,141994,256],{"class":255},[60,141996,82],{"class":74},[60,141998,6301],{"class":78},[60,142000,82],{"class":74},[60,142002,30875],{"class":78},[60,142004,446],{"class":74},[60,142006,4721],{"class":146},[20,142008,142009,142010,142012],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,142011,52587],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[46,142014,142016],{"id":142015},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,142018,142019],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,142021,142022,142023,49279],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,142024,40771],{},[51,142026,142028],{"className":53,"code":142027,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,142029,142030,142044,142058,142072,142076,142100,142104,142125,142146],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,142031,142032,142035,142037,142039,142042],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,142033,142034],{"class":66},"filename1 ",[60,142036,71],{"class":70},[60,142038,267],{"class":255},[60,142040,142041],{"class":259},"img_101.jpg",[60,142043,3320],{"class":255},[60,142045,142046,142049,142051,142053,142056],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,142047,142048],{"class":66},"filename2 ",[60,142050,71],{"class":70},[60,142052,267],{"class":255},[60,142054,142055],{"class":259},"photo_202.jpg",[60,142057,3320],{"class":255},[60,142059,142060,142063,142065,142067,142070],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,142061,142062],{"class":66},"filename3 ",[60,142064,71],{"class":70},[60,142066,267],{"class":255},[60,142068,142069],{"class":259},"doc_303.jpg",[60,142071,3320],{"class":255},[60,142073,142074],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,142075,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,142077,142078,142080,142082,142084,142086,142088,142090,142092,142094,142096,142098],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,142079,127410],{"class":66},[60,142081,71],{"class":70},[60,142083,9171],{"class":74},[60,142085,256],{"class":255},[60,142087,141726],{"class":259},[60,142089,256],{"class":255},[60,142091,82],{"class":74},[60,142093,267],{"class":255},[60,142095,141735],{"class":259},[60,142097,256],{"class":255},[60,142099,128],{"class":74},[60,142101,142102],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,142103,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,142105,142106,142108,142110,142113,142115,142117,142119,142121,142123],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,142107,135],{"class":134},[60,142109,122],{"class":74},[60,142111,142112],{"class":118},"filename1",[60,142114,115],{"class":74},[60,142116,141191],{"class":118},[60,142118,122],{"class":74},[60,142120,127462],{"class":118},[60,142122,446],{"class":74},[60,142124,1545],{"class":146},[60,142126,142127,142129,142131,142134,142136,142138,142140,142142,142144],{"class":62,"line":6367},[60,142128,135],{"class":134},[60,142130,122],{"class":74},[60,142132,142133],{"class":118},"filename2",[60,142135,115],{"class":74},[60,142137,141191],{"class":118},[60,142139,122],{"class":74},[60,142141,127462],{"class":118},[60,142143,446],{"class":74},[60,142145,1545],{"class":146},[60,142147,142148,142150,142152,142155,142157,142159,142161,142163,142165],{"class":62,"line":6373},[60,142149,135],{"class":134},[60,142151,122],{"class":74},[60,142153,142154],{"class":118},"filename3",[60,142156,115],{"class":74},[60,142158,141191],{"class":118},[60,142160,122],{"class":74},[60,142162,127462],{"class":118},[60,142164,446],{"class":74},[60,142166,4721],{"class":146},[20,142168,142169],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,142171,74532,142172,142176],{},[260,142173,126115,142174,1869],{"href":129709},[15,142175,126173],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[46,142178,123762],{"id":123761},[20,142180,142181,123573],{},[15,142182,127483],{},[20,142184,127160,142185,544,142188,127167],{},[15,142186,142187],{},"\"Python\"",[15,142189,142190],{},"\"python\"",[51,142192,142194],{"className":53,"code":142193,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,142195,142196,142208,142212,142236],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,142197,142198,142200,142202,142204,142206],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,142199,34621],{"class":66},[60,142201,71],{"class":70},[60,142203,267],{"class":255},[60,142205,7239],{"class":259},[60,142207,3320],{"class":255},[60,142209,142210],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,142211,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,142213,142214,142216,142218,142220,142222,142224,142226,142228,142230,142232,142234],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,142215,135],{"class":134},[60,142217,122],{"class":74},[60,142219,34642],{"class":118},[60,142221,115],{"class":74},[60,142223,141191],{"class":118},[60,142225,122],{"class":74},[60,142227,256],{"class":255},[60,142229,141302],{"class":259},[60,142231,256],{"class":255},[60,142233,446],{"class":74},[60,142235,1545],{"class":146},[60,142237,142238,142240,142242,142244,142246,142248,142250,142252,142254,142256,142258],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,142239,135],{"class":134},[60,142241,122],{"class":74},[60,142243,34642],{"class":118},[60,142245,115],{"class":74},[60,142247,141191],{"class":118},[60,142249,122],{"class":74},[60,142251,256],{"class":255},[60,142253,128561],{"class":259},[60,142255,256],{"class":255},[60,142257,446],{"class":74},[60,142259,4721],{"class":146},[20,142261,127252,142262,115],{},[260,142263,142264],{"href":123842},[15,142265,123845],{},[51,142267,142269],{"className":53,"code":142268,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,142270,142271,142283,142287],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,142272,142273,142275,142277,142279,142281],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,142274,34621],{"class":66},[60,142276,71],{"class":70},[60,142278,267],{"class":255},[60,142280,7239],{"class":259},[60,142282,3320],{"class":255},[60,142284,142285],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,142286,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,142288,142289,142291,142293,142295,142297,142299,142301,142303,142305,142307,142309,142311,142313],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,142290,135],{"class":134},[60,142292,122],{"class":74},[60,142294,34642],{"class":118},[60,142296,115],{"class":74},[60,142298,8576],{"class":118},[60,142300,8573],{"class":74},[60,142302,141191],{"class":118},[60,142304,122],{"class":74},[60,142306,256],{"class":255},[60,142308,128561],{"class":259},[60,142310,256],{"class":255},[60,142312,446],{"class":74},[60,142314,1545],{"class":146},[46,142316,1221,142318],{"id":142317},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,142319,127483],{},[20,142321,142322,142324],{},[15,142323,127483],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,142326,9309],{},[30,142328,142329,142332,142335,142344],{},[33,142330,142331],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[33,142333,142334],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[33,142336,142337,142338,1460,142341],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,142339,142340],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,142342,142343],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[33,142345,142346],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,142348,238],{},[51,142350,142352],{"className":53,"code":142351,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,142353,142354,142367,142371,142400],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,142355,142356,142358,142360,142362,142365],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,142357,126978],{"class":66},[60,142359,71],{"class":70},[60,142361,267],{"class":255},[60,142363,142364],{"class":259},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[60,142366,3320],{"class":255},[60,142368,142369],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,142370,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,142372,142373,142375,142378,142380,142382,142384,142386,142388,142390,142392,142394,142396,142398],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,142374,6939],{"class":1537},[60,142376,142377],{"class":66}," url",[60,142379,115],{"class":74},[60,142381,141191],{"class":118},[60,142383,5456],{"class":74},[60,142385,256],{"class":255},[60,142387,142340],{"class":259},[60,142389,256],{"class":255},[60,142391,82],{"class":74},[60,142393,267],{"class":255},[60,142395,142343],{"class":259},[60,142397,256],{"class":255},[60,142399,69323],{"class":74},[60,142401,142402,142404,142406,142408,142411,142413],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,142403,1718],{"class":134},[60,142405,122],{"class":74},[60,142407,256],{"class":255},[60,142409,142410],{"class":259},"This looks like a web URL.",[60,142412,256],{"class":255},[60,142414,128],{"class":74},[46,142416,1351],{"id":1350},[20,142418,23027,142419,115],{},[15,142420,127483],{},[553,142422,138555],{"id":142423},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,142425,142426,123573],{},[15,142427,127483],{},[51,142429,142431],{"className":53,"code":142430,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,142432,142433,142445],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,142434,142435,142437,142439,142441,142443],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,142436,34621],{"class":66},[60,142438,71],{"class":70},[60,142440,267],{"class":255},[60,142442,7239],{"class":259},[60,142444,3320],{"class":255},[60,142446,142447,142449,142451,142453,142455,142457,142459,142461,142463,142465,142467],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,142448,135],{"class":134},[60,142450,122],{"class":74},[60,142452,34642],{"class":118},[60,142454,115],{"class":74},[60,142456,141191],{"class":118},[60,142458,122],{"class":74},[60,142460,256],{"class":255},[60,142462,55],{"class":259},[60,142464,256],{"class":255},[60,142466,446],{"class":74},[60,142468,4721],{"class":146},[20,142470,39195],{},[51,142472,142474],{"className":53,"code":142473,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,142475,142476],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,142477,142478,142480,142482,142484,142486,142488,142490,142492,142494,142496,142498,142500,142502],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,142479,135],{"class":134},[60,142481,122],{"class":74},[60,142483,34642],{"class":118},[60,142485,115],{"class":74},[60,142487,8576],{"class":118},[60,142489,8573],{"class":74},[60,142491,141191],{"class":118},[60,142493,122],{"class":74},[60,142495,256],{"class":255},[60,142497,55],{"class":259},[60,142499,256],{"class":255},[60,142501,446],{"class":74},[60,142503,1545],{"class":146},[553,142505,1626,142507,137037],{"id":142506},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,142508,127483],{},[20,142510,142511],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[51,142513,142515],{"className":53,"code":142514,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142516,142517,142525,142529,142534],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,142518,142519,142521,142523],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,142520,1690],{"class":66},[60,142522,71],{"class":70},[60,142524,124797],{"class":78},[60,142526,142527],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,142528,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,142530,142531],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,142532,142533],{"class":146},"# This will cause an error:\n",[60,142535,142536],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,142537,142538],{"class":146},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,142540,39195],{},[51,142542,142544],{"className":53,"code":142543,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,142545,142546,142560],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,142547,142548,142550,142552,142554,142556,142558],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,142549,1690],{"class":66},[60,142551,71],{"class":70},[60,142553,48835],{"class":1656},[60,142555,122],{"class":74},[60,142557,50177],{"class":78},[60,142559,128],{"class":74},[60,142561,142562,142564,142566,142568,142570,142572,142574,142576,142578,142580,142582],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,142563,135],{"class":134},[60,142565,122],{"class":74},[60,142567,221],{"class":118},[60,142569,115],{"class":74},[60,142571,141191],{"class":118},[60,142573,122],{"class":74},[60,142575,256],{"class":255},[60,142577,79],{"class":259},[60,142579,256],{"class":255},[60,142581,446],{"class":74},[60,142583,1545],{"class":146},[553,142585,37138,142587,8640,142589],{"id":142586},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,142588,127483],{},[15,142590,511],{},[20,142592,142593,142595],{},[15,142594,127483],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,142597,142598,142599,142601,142602,115],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,142600,511],{}," or methods like ",[260,142603,142604],{"href":124125},[15,142605,124110],{},[51,142607,142609],{"className":53,"code":142608,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,142610,142611,142623,142627,142651],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,142612,142613,142615,142617,142619,142621],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,142614,34621],{"class":66},[60,142616,71],{"class":70},[60,142618,267],{"class":255},[60,142620,60165],{"class":259},[60,142622,3320],{"class":255},[60,142624,142625],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,142626,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,142628,142629,142631,142633,142635,142637,142639,142641,142643,142645,142647,142649],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,142630,135],{"class":134},[60,142632,122],{"class":74},[60,142634,34642],{"class":118},[60,142636,115],{"class":74},[60,142638,141191],{"class":118},[60,142640,122],{"class":74},[60,142642,256],{"class":255},[60,142644,60350],{"class":259},[60,142646,256],{"class":255},[60,142648,446],{"class":74},[60,142650,4721],{"class":146},[60,142652,142653,142655,142657,142659,142661,142663,142665,142667,142669],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,142654,135],{"class":134},[60,142656,122],{"class":74},[60,142658,256],{"class":255},[60,142660,60350],{"class":259},[60,142662,256],{"class":255},[60,142664,1538],{"class":1537},[60,142666,42773],{"class":118},[60,142668,143],{"class":74},[60,142670,142671],{"class":146},"           # True\n",[20,142673,135589,142674,115],{},[260,142675,127151],{"href":123370},[553,142677,4655,142679,544,142681,142683],{"id":142678},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,142680,36008],{},[15,142682,52587],{}," use index positions",[20,142685,142686,142687,115],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,142688,195],{},[51,142690,142692],{"className":53,"code":142691,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,142693,142694,142707,142711],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,142695,142696,142698,142700,142702,142705],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,142697,34621],{"class":66},[60,142699,71],{"class":70},[60,142701,267],{"class":255},[60,142703,142704],{"class":259},"abcdef",[60,142706,3320],{"class":255},[60,142708,142709],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,142710,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,142712,142713,142715,142717,142719,142721,142723,142725,142727,142730,142732,142734,142736,142738],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,142714,135],{"class":134},[60,142716,122],{"class":74},[60,142718,34642],{"class":118},[60,142720,115],{"class":74},[60,142722,141191],{"class":118},[60,142724,122],{"class":74},[60,142726,256],{"class":255},[60,142728,142729],{"class":259},"cd",[60,142731,256],{"class":255},[60,142733,82],{"class":74},[60,142735,85],{"class":78},[60,142737,446],{"class":74},[60,142739,1545],{"class":146},[553,142741,142743],{"id":142742},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,142745,142746],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,142748,16579],{},[51,142750,142752],{"className":53,"code":142751,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,142753,142754],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,142755,142756],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,142757,142751],{"class":146},[20,142759,16591],{},[51,142761,142763],{"className":53,"code":142762,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,142764,142765,142777],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,142766,142767,142769,142771,142773,142775],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,142768,34621],{"class":66},[60,142770,71],{"class":70},[60,142772,267],{"class":255},[60,142774,7239],{"class":259},[60,142776,3320],{"class":255},[60,142778,142779,142781,142783,142785,142787,142789,142791,142793,142795,142797,142799,142801,142804,142806,142808],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,142780,135],{"class":134},[60,142782,122],{"class":74},[60,142784,34642],{"class":118},[60,142786,115],{"class":74},[60,142788,141191],{"class":118},[60,142790,5456],{"class":74},[60,142792,256],{"class":255},[60,142794,141302],{"class":259},[60,142796,256],{"class":255},[60,142798,82],{"class":74},[60,142800,267],{"class":255},[60,142802,142803],{"class":259},"Ja",[60,142805,256],{"class":255},[60,142807,51019],{"class":74},[60,142809,1545],{"class":146},[20,142811,32015],{},[51,142813,142815],{"className":53,"code":142814,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,142816,142817,142827,142841,142863,142889],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,142818,142819,142821,142823,142825],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,142820,135],{"class":134},[60,142822,122],{"class":74},[60,142824,34642],{"class":118},[60,142826,128],{"class":74},[60,142828,142829,142831,142833,142835,142837,142839],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,142830,135],{"class":134},[60,142832,122],{"class":74},[60,142834,1657],{"class":1656},[60,142836,122],{"class":74},[60,142838,34642],{"class":118},[60,142840,315],{"class":74},[60,142842,142843,142845,142847,142849,142851,142853,142855,142857,142859,142861],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,142844,135],{"class":134},[60,142846,122],{"class":74},[60,142848,34642],{"class":118},[60,142850,115],{"class":74},[60,142852,141191],{"class":118},[60,142854,122],{"class":74},[60,142856,256],{"class":255},[60,142858,141302],{"class":259},[60,142860,256],{"class":255},[60,142862,315],{"class":74},[60,142864,142865,142867,142869,142871,142873,142875,142877,142879,142881,142883,142885,142887],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,142866,135],{"class":134},[60,142868,122],{"class":74},[60,142870,34642],{"class":118},[60,142872,115],{"class":74},[60,142874,8576],{"class":118},[60,142876,8573],{"class":74},[60,142878,141191],{"class":118},[60,142880,122],{"class":74},[60,142882,256],{"class":255},[60,142884,128561],{"class":259},[60,142886,256],{"class":255},[60,142888,315],{"class":74},[60,142890,142891,142893,142895,142897,142899,142901,142903,142905,142907,142909,142911,142913,142915,142917],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,142892,135],{"class":134},[60,142894,122],{"class":74},[60,142896,34642],{"class":118},[60,142898,115],{"class":74},[60,142900,141191],{"class":118},[60,142902,5456],{"class":74},[60,142904,256],{"class":255},[60,142906,141302],{"class":259},[60,142908,256],{"class":255},[60,142910,82],{"class":74},[60,142912,267],{"class":255},[60,142914,142803],{"class":259},[60,142916,256],{"class":255},[60,142918,2872],{"class":74},[46,142920,1773],{"id":1772},[553,142922,1777,142924,127961],{"id":142923},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,142925,127483],{},[20,142927,142928,142929,1460,142931,115],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,142930,547],{},[15,142932,1463],{},[553,142934,1796,142936,142938],{"id":142935},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,142937,127483],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,142940,142941],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[51,142943,142945],{"className":53,"code":142944,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,142946,142947],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,142948,142949,142951,142953,142955,142957,142959,142961,142963,142965,142967,142969,142971],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,142950,34642],{"class":66},[60,142952,115],{"class":74},[60,142954,141191],{"class":118},[60,142956,5456],{"class":74},[60,142958,256],{"class":255},[60,142960,260],{"class":259},[60,142962,256],{"class":255},[60,142964,82],{"class":74},[60,142966,267],{"class":255},[60,142968,270],{"class":259},[60,142970,256],{"class":255},[60,142972,315],{"class":74},[553,142974,1806,142976,124451],{"id":142975},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,142977,127483],{},[20,142979,129644],{},[553,142981,5126,142983,544,142985,1435],{"id":142982},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,142984,127483],{},[15,142986,511],{},[20,142988,142989,142991,142992,142994],{},[15,142990,127483],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,142993,511],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[553,142996,28261,142998,544,143000,8640,143002,1435],{"id":142997},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,142999,36008],{},[15,143001,52587],{},[15,143003,127483],{},[20,143005,143006],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[46,143008,1842],{"id":1841},[30,143010,143011,143017,143023,143029,143033],{},[33,143012,143013],{},[260,143014,126115,143015,1869],{"href":129709},[15,143016,126173],{},[33,143018,143019],{},[260,143020,126115,143021,1869],{"href":124125},[15,143022,124110],{},[33,143024,143025],{},[260,143026,126115,143027,1869],{"href":123842},[15,143028,123845],{},[33,143030,143031],{},[260,143032,124514],{"href":123370},[33,143034,143035],{},[260,143036,124870],{"href":50904},[1885,143038,143039],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":143041},[143042,143044,143045,143051,143052,143054,143055,143056,143058,143068,143080],{"id":141237,"depth":104,"text":143043},"What startswith() does",{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199},{"id":141516,"depth":104,"text":141517,"children":143046},[143047,143048,143049,143050],{"id":141354,"depth":131,"text":141354},{"id":36008,"depth":131,"text":36008},{"id":52587,"depth":131,"text":52587},{"id":141683,"depth":131,"text":141684},{"id":17353,"depth":104,"text":17354},{"id":141861,"depth":104,"text":143053},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":142015,"depth":104,"text":142016},{"id":123761,"depth":104,"text":123762},{"id":142317,"depth":104,"text":143057},"When to use startswith()",{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351,"children":143059},[143060,143061,143063,143065,143067],{"id":142423,"depth":131,"text":138555},{"id":142506,"depth":131,"text":143062},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142586,"depth":131,"text":143064},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142678,"depth":131,"text":143066},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142742,"depth":131,"text":142743},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":143069},[143070,143072,143074,143076,143078],{"id":142923,"depth":131,"text":143071},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":142935,"depth":131,"text":143073},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":142975,"depth":131,"text":143075},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":142982,"depth":131,"text":143077},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":142997,"depth":131,"text":143079},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141137,"description":143081},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143088,"title":143089,"body":143090,"description":144544,"extension":1930,"meta":144545,"navigation":421,"path":144546,"seo":144547,"stem":144548,"__hash__":144549},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143091,"toc":144514},[143092,143097,143102,143105,143107,143151,143153,143161,143166,143171,143176,143178,143196,143198,143244,143246,143260,143269,143273,143275,143277,143289,143294,143297,143329,143331,143340,143345,143348,143389,143391,143399,143401,143414,143420,143424,143427,143443,143445,143494,143496,143505,143508,143567,143569,143578,143585,143588,143641,143643,143667,143674,143680,143684,143690,143693,143704,143706,143746,143748,143756,143758,143798,143800,143809,143811,143829,143832,143839,143850,143853,143870,143872,143949,143951,143982,143985,143987,143990,144016,144018,144058,144060,144069,144079,144087,144095,144100,144105,144107,144121,144123,144174,144176,144185,144195,144197,144199,144221,144224,144303,144305,144341,144344,144419,144424,144426,144432,144437,144442,144445,144451,144454,144461,144469,144473,144481,144483,144511],[10,143093,123115,143095,18],{"id":143094},"python-string-strip-method",[15,143096,41587],{},[20,143098,32250,143099,143101],{},[15,143100,41587],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,143103,143104],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[46,143106,49],{"id":48},[51,143108,143110],{"className":53,"code":143109,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,143111,143112,143125,143140],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,143113,143114,143116,143118,143120,143123],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,143115,34621],{"class":66},[60,143117,71],{"class":70},[60,143119,267],{"class":255},[60,143121,143122],{"class":259},"  hello  ",[60,143124,3320],{"class":255},[60,143126,143127,143130,143132,143134,143136,143138],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,143128,143129],{"class":66},"clean_text ",[60,143131,71],{"class":70},[60,143133,42773],{"class":66},[60,143135,115],{"class":74},[60,143137,8570],{"class":118},[60,143139,8579],{"class":74},[60,143141,143142,143144,143146,143149],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,143143,135],{"class":134},[60,143145,122],{"class":74},[60,143147,143148],{"class":118},"clean_text",[60,143150,128],{"class":74},[20,143152,318],{},[51,143154,143155],{"className":53,"code":138430,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,143156,143157],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,143158,143159],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,143160,138430],{"class":66},[20,143162,150,143163,143165],{},[15,143164,41587],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[46,143167,158,143169,161],{"id":143168},"what-strip-does",[15,143170,41587],{},[20,143172,143173,143175],{},[15,143174,41587],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,143177,12989],{},[30,143179,143180,143184,143187,143190,143193],{},[33,143181,143182,131465],{},[15,143183,41587],{},[33,143185,143186],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[33,143188,143189],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[33,143191,143192],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[33,143194,143195],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,143197,238],{},[51,143199,143201],{"className":53,"code":143200,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,143202,143203,143216,143220,143234],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,143204,143205,143207,143209,143211,143214],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,143206,34621],{"class":66},[60,143208,71],{"class":70},[60,143210,267],{"class":255},[60,143212,143213],{"class":259},"  hello world  ",[60,143215,3320],{"class":255},[60,143217,143218],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,143219,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,143221,143222,143224,143226,143228,143230,143232],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,143223,135],{"class":134},[60,143225,122],{"class":74},[60,143227,34642],{"class":118},[60,143229,115],{"class":74},[60,143231,8570],{"class":118},[60,143233,7136],{"class":74},[60,143235,143236,143238,143240,143242],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,143237,135],{"class":134},[60,143239,122],{"class":74},[60,143241,34642],{"class":118},[60,143243,128],{"class":74},[20,143245,318],{},[51,143247,143249],{"className":53,"code":143248,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,143250,143251,143255],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,143252,143253],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,143254,134131],{"class":66},[60,143256,143257],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,143258,143259],{"class":66},"  hello world\n",[20,143261,143262,143263,143265,143266,143268],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,143264,41587],{},", but the original ",[15,143267,34642],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,143270,124867,143271,115],{},[260,143272,124870],{"href":50904},[46,143274,199],{"id":198},[20,143276,26420],{},[30,143278,143279,143284],{},[33,143280,143281],{},[15,143282,143283],{},"string.strip()",[33,143285,143286],{},[15,143287,143288],{},"string.strip(chars)",[553,143290,143292],{"id":143291},"stringstrip",[15,143293,143283],{},[20,143295,143296],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[51,143298,143300],{"className":53,"code":143299,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,143301,143302,143315],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,143303,143304,143306,143308,143310,143313],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,143305,7816],{"class":66},[60,143307,71],{"class":70},[60,143309,267],{"class":255},[60,143311,143312],{"class":259},"  Alice  ",[60,143314,3320],{"class":255},[60,143316,143317,143319,143321,143323,143325,143327],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,143318,135],{"class":134},[60,143320,122],{"class":74},[60,143322,7611],{"class":118},[60,143324,115],{"class":74},[60,143326,8570],{"class":118},[60,143328,7136],{"class":74},[20,143330,318],{},[51,143332,143334],{"className":53,"code":143333,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Alice\n",[15,143335,143336],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,143337,143338],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,143339,143333],{"class":66},[553,143341,143343],{"id":143342},"stringstripchars",[15,143344,143288],{},[20,143346,143347],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[51,143349,143351],{"className":53,"code":143350,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143352,143353,143366],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,143354,143355,143357,143359,143361,143364],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,143356,34621],{"class":66},[60,143358,71],{"class":70},[60,143360,267],{"class":255},[60,143362,143363],{"class":259},"!!hello??",[60,143365,3320],{"class":255},[60,143367,143368,143370,143372,143374,143376,143378,143380,143382,143385,143387],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,143369,135],{"class":134},[60,143371,122],{"class":74},[60,143373,34642],{"class":118},[60,143375,115],{"class":74},[60,143377,8570],{"class":118},[60,143379,122],{"class":74},[60,143381,256],{"class":255},[60,143383,143384],{"class":259},"!?",[60,143386,256],{"class":255},[60,143388,315],{"class":74},[20,143390,318],{},[51,143392,143393],{"className":53,"code":138430,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,143394,143395],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,143396,143397],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,143398,138430],{"class":66},[20,143400,83581],{},[30,143402,143403,143408],{},[33,143404,143405,143407],{},[15,143406,134374],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[33,143409,143410,143411,143413],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,143412,134374],{}," does not matter",[46,143415,143417,143418],{"id":143416},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,143419,41587],{},[20,143421,30817,143422,115],{},[15,143423,41587],{},[20,143425,143426],{},"It is useful for:",[30,143428,143429,143434,143437,143440],{},[33,143430,143431,143432,3840],{},"Cleaning ",[15,143433,2918],{},[33,143435,143436],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[33,143438,143439],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[33,143441,143442],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,143444,48292],{},[51,143446,143448],{"className":53,"code":143447,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,143449,143450,143463,143479,143483],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,143451,143452,143454,143456,143458,143461],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,143453,7901],{"class":66},[60,143455,71],{"class":70},[60,143457,267],{"class":255},[60,143459,143460],{"class":259},"  sam  ",[60,143462,3320],{"class":255},[60,143464,143465,143468,143470,143473,143475,143477],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,143466,143467],{"class":66},"clean_username ",[60,143469,71],{"class":70},[60,143471,143472],{"class":66}," username",[60,143474,115],{"class":74},[60,143476,8570],{"class":118},[60,143478,8579],{"class":74},[60,143480,143481],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,143482,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,143484,143485,143487,143489,143492],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,143486,135],{"class":134},[60,143488,122],{"class":74},[60,143490,143491],{"class":118},"clean_username",[60,143493,128],{"class":74},[20,143495,318],{},[51,143497,143499],{"className":53,"code":143498,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"sam\n",[15,143500,143501],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,143502,143503],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,143504,143498],{"class":66},[20,143506,143507],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[51,143509,143511],{"className":53,"code":143510,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,143512,143513,143526,143530,143552],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,143514,143515,143517,143519,143521,143524],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,143516,136358],{"class":66},[60,143518,71],{"class":70},[60,143520,267],{"class":255},[60,143522,143523],{"class":259}," yes  ",[60,143525,3320],{"class":255},[60,143527,143528],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,143529,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,143531,143532,143534,143536,143538,143540,143542,143544,143546,143548,143550],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,143533,6939],{"class":1537},[60,143535,136378],{"class":66},[60,143537,115],{"class":74},[60,143539,8570],{"class":118},[60,143541,7308],{"class":74},[60,143543,6349],{"class":70},[60,143545,267],{"class":255},[60,143547,1263],{"class":259},[60,143549,256],{"class":255},[60,143551,1712],{"class":74},[60,143553,143554,143556,143558,143560,143563,143565],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,143555,1718],{"class":134},[60,143557,122],{"class":74},[60,143559,256],{"class":255},[60,143561,143562],{"class":259},"Matched",[60,143564,256],{"class":255},[60,143566,128],{"class":74},[20,143568,318],{},[51,143570,143572],{"className":53,"code":143571,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Matched\n",[15,143573,143574],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,143575,143576],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,143577,143571],{"class":66},[20,143579,143580,143581,115],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[260,143582,143584],{"href":143583},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,143586,143587],{},"Example with file-style text:",[51,143589,143591],{"className":53,"code":143590,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,143592,143593,143609,143623],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,143594,143595,143598,143600,143602,143605,143607],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,143596,143597],{"class":66},"line ",[60,143599,71],{"class":70},[60,143601,267],{"class":255},[60,143603,143604],{"class":259},"Python basics",[60,143606,86913],{"class":34386},[60,143608,3320],{"class":255},[60,143610,143611,143613,143615,143617,143619,143621],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,143612,135],{"class":134},[60,143614,122],{"class":74},[60,143616,1723],{"class":134},[60,143618,122],{"class":74},[60,143620,62],{"class":118},[60,143622,315],{"class":74},[60,143624,143625,143627,143629,143631,143633,143635,143637,143639],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,143626,135],{"class":134},[60,143628,122],{"class":74},[60,143630,1723],{"class":134},[60,143632,122],{"class":74},[60,143634,62],{"class":118},[60,143636,115],{"class":74},[60,143638,8570],{"class":118},[60,143640,6231],{"class":74},[20,143642,318],{},[51,143644,143646],{"className":53,"code":143645,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,143647,143648,143659],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,143649,143650,143652,143654,143657],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,143651,3261],{"class":43260},[60,143653,143604],{"class":43264},[60,143655,86913],{"class":143656},"sfi6f",[60,143658,29631],{"class":43260},[60,143660,143661,143663,143665],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,143662,3261],{"class":43260},[60,143664,143604],{"class":43264},[60,143666,29631],{"class":43260},[20,143668,8356,143669,143671,143672,115],{},[15,143670,122329],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,143673,86913],{},[20,143675,143676,143677,115],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[260,143678,143679],{"href":87566},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[46,143681,143683],{"id":143682},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,143685,143686,143687,115],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,143688,143689],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,143691,143692],{},"Python will:",[30,143694,143695,143698,143701],{},[33,143696,143697],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[33,143699,143700],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[33,143702,143703],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,143705,238],{},[51,143707,143709],{"className":53,"code":143708,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143710,143711,143724],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,143712,143713,143715,143717,143719,143722],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,143714,34621],{"class":66},[60,143716,71],{"class":70},[60,143718,267],{"class":255},[60,143720,143721],{"class":259},"??hello!!",[60,143723,3320],{"class":255},[60,143725,143726,143728,143730,143732,143734,143736,143738,143740,143742,143744],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,143727,135],{"class":134},[60,143729,122],{"class":74},[60,143731,34642],{"class":118},[60,143733,115],{"class":74},[60,143735,8570],{"class":118},[60,143737,122],{"class":74},[60,143739,256],{"class":255},[60,143741,143384],{"class":259},[60,143743,256],{"class":255},[60,143745,315],{"class":74},[20,143747,318],{},[51,143749,143750],{"className":53,"code":138430,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,143751,143752],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,143753,143754],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,143755,138430],{"class":66},[20,143757,52006],{},[51,143759,143761],{"className":53,"code":143760,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,143762,143763,143776],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,143764,143765,143767,143769,143771,143774],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,143766,34621],{"class":66},[60,143768,71],{"class":70},[60,143770,267],{"class":255},[60,143772,143773],{"class":259},"abcHelloCba",[60,143775,3320],{"class":255},[60,143777,143778,143780,143782,143784,143786,143788,143790,143792,143794,143796],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,143779,135],{"class":134},[60,143781,122],{"class":74},[60,143783,34642],{"class":118},[60,143785,115],{"class":74},[60,143787,8570],{"class":118},[60,143789,122],{"class":74},[60,143791,256],{"class":255},[60,143793,41494],{"class":259},[60,143795,256],{"class":255},[60,143797,315],{"class":74},[20,143799,318],{},[51,143801,143803],{"className":53,"code":143802,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"HelloC\n",[15,143804,143805],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,143806,143807],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,143808,143802],{"class":66},[20,143810,6176],{},[20,143812,143813,13989,143816,143818,143819,143821,143822,2154,143824,2158,143826,143828],{},[15,143814,143815],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[3698,143817,4581],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,143820,41494],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,143823,260],{},[15,143825,270],{},[15,143827,287],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,143830,143831],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,143833,143834,143835,6573],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[260,143836,143837],{"href":129696},[15,143838,124286],{},[46,143840,143842,10521,143844,10521,143847],{"id":143841},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,143843,41587],{},[15,143845,143846],{},"lstrip()",[15,143848,143849],{},"rstrip()",[20,143851,143852],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[30,143854,143855,143860,143865],{},[33,143856,143857,143859],{},[15,143858,41587],{}," removes from both ends",[33,143861,143862,143864],{},[15,143863,143846],{}," removes from the left side only",[33,143866,143867,143869],{},[15,143868,143849],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,143871,238],{},[51,143873,143875],{"className":53,"code":143874,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,143876,143877,143889,143893,143911,143930],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,143878,143879,143881,143883,143885,143887],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,143880,34621],{"class":66},[60,143882,71],{"class":70},[60,143884,267],{"class":255},[60,143886,143122],{"class":259},[60,143888,3320],{"class":255},[60,143890,143891],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,143892,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,143894,143895,143897,143899,143901,143903,143905,143907,143909],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,143896,135],{"class":134},[60,143898,122],{"class":74},[60,143900,1723],{"class":134},[60,143902,122],{"class":74},[60,143904,34642],{"class":118},[60,143906,115],{"class":74},[60,143908,8570],{"class":118},[60,143910,6231],{"class":74},[60,143912,143913,143915,143917,143919,143921,143923,143925,143928],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,143914,135],{"class":134},[60,143916,122],{"class":74},[60,143918,1723],{"class":134},[60,143920,122],{"class":74},[60,143922,34642],{"class":118},[60,143924,115],{"class":74},[60,143926,143927],{"class":118},"lstrip",[60,143929,6231],{"class":74},[60,143931,143932,143934,143936,143938,143940,143942,143944,143947],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,143933,135],{"class":134},[60,143935,122],{"class":74},[60,143937,1723],{"class":134},[60,143939,122],{"class":74},[60,143941,34642],{"class":118},[60,143943,115],{"class":74},[60,143945,143946],{"class":118},"rstrip",[60,143948,6231],{"class":74},[20,143950,318],{},[51,143952,143954],{"className":53,"code":143953,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,143955,143956,143964,143973],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,143957,143958,143960,143962],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,143959,3261],{"class":43260},[60,143961,3801],{"class":43264},[60,143963,29631],{"class":43260},[60,143965,143966,143968,143971],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,143967,3261],{"class":43260},[60,143969,143970],{"class":43264},"hello  ",[60,143972,29631],{"class":43260},[60,143974,143975,143977,143980],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,143976,3261],{"class":43260},[60,143978,143979],{"class":43264},"  hello",[60,143981,29631],{"class":43260},[20,143983,143984],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[46,143986,108123],{"id":108122},[20,143988,143989],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[30,143991,143992,144000,144010,144013],{},[33,143993,143994,143996,143997,143999],{},[15,143995,143815],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,143998,41463],{}," once",[33,144001,144002,144003,2154,144005,2158,144007,144009],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,144004,260],{},[15,144006,270],{},[15,144008,287],{}," from both ends",[33,144011,144012],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[33,144014,144015],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,144017,238],{},[51,144019,144021],{"className":53,"code":144020,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,144022,144023,144036],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144024,144025,144027,144029,144031,144034],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144026,126198],{"class":66},[60,144028,71],{"class":70},[60,144030,267],{"class":255},[60,144032,144033],{"class":259},"txt_report.txt",[60,144035,3320],{"class":255},[60,144037,144038,144040,144042,144044,144046,144048,144050,144052,144054,144056],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,144039,135],{"class":134},[60,144041,122],{"class":74},[60,144043,126216],{"class":118},[60,144045,115],{"class":74},[60,144047,8570],{"class":118},[60,144049,122],{"class":74},[60,144051,256],{"class":255},[60,144053,126251],{"class":259},[60,144055,256],{"class":255},[60,144057,315],{"class":74},[20,144059,318],{},[51,144061,144063],{"className":53,"code":144062,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"_report\n",[15,144064,144065],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144066,144067],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144068,144062],{"class":66},[20,144070,144071,144072,2154,144074,2158,144076,144078],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,144073,115],{},[15,144075,63046],{},[15,144077,2139],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,144080,760,144081,4733,144084,144086],{},[15,144082,144083],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[3698,144085,4581],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,144088,144089,144090,144094],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[260,144091,144092],{"href":129696},[15,144093,124286],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[46,144096,1221,144098],{"id":144097},"when-to-use-strip",[15,144099,41587],{},[20,144101,150,144102,144104],{},[15,144103,41587],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,144106,36360],{},[30,144108,144109,144113,144115,144118],{},[33,144110,143431,144111,3840],{},[15,144112,2918],{},[33,144114,143436],{},[33,144116,144117],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[33,144119,144120],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,144122,238],{},[51,144124,144126],{"className":53,"code":144125,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,144127,144128,144142,144146,144159],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144129,144130,144133,144135,144137,144140],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144131,144132],{"class":66},"email ",[60,144134,71],{"class":70},[60,144136,267],{"class":255},[60,144138,144139],{"class":259},"  user@example.com  ",[60,144141,3320],{"class":255},[60,144143,144144],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,144145,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,144147,144148,144150,144153,144155,144157],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,144149,6939],{"class":1537},[60,144151,144152],{"class":66}," email",[60,144154,115],{"class":74},[60,144156,8570],{"class":118},[60,144158,21528],{"class":74},[60,144160,144161,144163,144165,144167,144170,144172],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,144162,1718],{"class":134},[60,144164,122],{"class":74},[60,144166,256],{"class":255},[60,144168,144169],{"class":259},"Email was entered",[60,144171,256],{"class":255},[60,144173,128],{"class":74},[20,144175,318],{},[51,144177,144179],{"className":53,"code":144178,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Email was entered\n",[15,144180,144181],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144182,144183],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144184,144178],{"class":66},[20,144186,144187,144188,144190,144191,115],{},"You may also combine ",[15,144189,41587],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[260,144192,144193],{"href":123842},[15,144194,123845],{},[46,144196,1351],{"id":1350},[20,144198,84000],{},[30,144200,144201,144205,144210,144215],{},[33,144202,1454,144203,131335],{},[15,144204,41587],{},[33,144206,1454,144207,144209],{},[15,144208,41587],{}," to remove text from the middle",[33,144211,8356,144212,144214],{},[15,144213,144083],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[33,144216,4655,144217,144220],{},[15,144218,144219],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,144222,144223],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[51,144225,144227],{"className":53,"code":144226,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,144228,144229,144243,144247,144257,144271,144285],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144230,144231,144233,144235,144237,144239,144241],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144232,34621],{"class":66},[60,144234,71],{"class":70},[60,144236,267],{"class":255},[60,144238,143979],{"class":259},[60,144240,86913],{"class":34386},[60,144242,3320],{"class":255},[60,144244,144245],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,144246,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,144248,144249,144251,144253,144255],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,144250,135],{"class":134},[60,144252,122],{"class":74},[60,144254,34642],{"class":118},[60,144256,128],{"class":74},[60,144258,144259,144261,144263,144265,144267,144269],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,144260,135],{"class":134},[60,144262,122],{"class":74},[60,144264,1723],{"class":134},[60,144266,122],{"class":74},[60,144268,34642],{"class":118},[60,144270,315],{"class":74},[60,144272,144273,144275,144277,144279,144281,144283],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,144274,135],{"class":134},[60,144276,122],{"class":74},[60,144278,34642],{"class":118},[60,144280,115],{"class":74},[60,144282,8570],{"class":118},[60,144284,7136],{"class":74},[60,144286,144287,144289,144291,144293,144295,144297,144299,144301],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,144288,135],{"class":134},[60,144290,122],{"class":74},[60,144292,1723],{"class":134},[60,144294,122],{"class":74},[60,144296,34642],{"class":118},[60,144298,115],{"class":74},[60,144300,8570],{"class":118},[60,144302,6231],{"class":74},[20,144304,318],{},[51,144306,144308],{"className":53,"code":144307,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,144309,144310,144315,144319,144329,144333],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144311,144312],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144313,144314],{"class":66},"  hello\n",[60,144316,144317],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,144318,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,144320,144321,144323,144325,144327],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,144322,3261],{"class":43260},[60,144324,143979],{"class":43264},[60,144326,86913],{"class":143656},[60,144328,29631],{"class":43260},[60,144330,144331],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,144332,138430],{"class":66},[60,144334,144335,144337,144339],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,144336,3261],{"class":43260},[60,144338,3801],{"class":43264},[60,144340,29631],{"class":43260},[20,144342,144343],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[51,144345,144347],{"className":53,"code":144346,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,144348,144349,144359,144373,144387,144405],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144350,144351,144353,144355,144357],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144352,135],{"class":134},[60,144354,122],{"class":74},[60,144356,34642],{"class":118},[60,144358,128],{"class":74},[60,144360,144361,144363,144365,144367,144369,144371],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,144362,135],{"class":134},[60,144364,122],{"class":74},[60,144366,1723],{"class":134},[60,144368,122],{"class":74},[60,144370,34642],{"class":118},[60,144372,315],{"class":74},[60,144374,144375,144377,144379,144381,144383,144385],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,144376,135],{"class":134},[60,144378,122],{"class":74},[60,144380,34642],{"class":118},[60,144382,115],{"class":74},[60,144384,8570],{"class":118},[60,144386,7136],{"class":74},[60,144388,144389,144391,144393,144395,144397,144399,144401,144403],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,144390,135],{"class":134},[60,144392,122],{"class":74},[60,144394,1723],{"class":134},[60,144396,122],{"class":74},[60,144398,34642],{"class":118},[60,144400,115],{"class":74},[60,144402,8570],{"class":118},[60,144404,6231],{"class":74},[60,144406,144407,144409,144411,144413,144415,144417],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,144408,32085],{"class":134},[60,144410,122],{"class":74},[60,144412,3405],{"class":1656},[60,144414,115],{"class":74},[60,144416,8570],{"class":24682},[60,144418,128],{"class":74},[20,144420,144421,144423],{},[15,144422,122329],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[46,144425,1773],{"id":1772},[553,144427,1777,144429,144431],{"id":144428},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,144430,41587],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,144433,46297,144434,144436],{},[15,144435,41587],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[553,144438,1777,144440,124442],{"id":144439},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,144441,41587],{},[20,144443,144444],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[553,144446,5090,144448,144450],{"id":144447},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,144449,41587],{}," remove by default?",[20,144452,144453],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[553,144455,34138,144457,34141,144459,1435],{"id":144456},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,144458,41587],{},[15,144460,124286],{},[20,144462,144463,144465,144466,144468],{},[15,144464,41587],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,144467,124286],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[553,144470,144472],{"id":144471},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,144474,127988,144475,144477,144478,144480],{},[15,144476,143846],{}," for the left side and ",[15,144479,143849],{}," for the right side.",[46,144482,1842],{"id":1841},[30,144484,144485,144491,144497,144502,144507],{},[33,144486,144487],{},[260,144488,126115,144489,1869],{"href":123842},[15,144490,123845],{},[33,144492,144493],{},[260,144494,126115,144495,1869],{"href":129696},[15,144496,124286],{},[33,144498,144499],{},[260,144500,144501],{"href":143583},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[33,144503,144504],{},[260,144505,144506],{"href":87566},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[33,144508,144509],{},[260,144510,124870],{"href":50904},[1885,144512,144513],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sfi6f, html code.shiki .sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":144515},[144516,144517,144519,144523,144525,144526,144528,144529,144531,144532,144543],{"id":48,"depth":104,"text":49},{"id":143168,"depth":104,"text":144518},"What strip() does",{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199,"children":144520},[144521,144522],{"id":143291,"depth":131,"text":143283},{"id":143342,"depth":131,"text":143288},{"id":143416,"depth":104,"text":144524},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143682,"depth":104,"text":143683},{"id":143841,"depth":104,"text":144527},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108122,"depth":104,"text":108123},{"id":144097,"depth":104,"text":144530},"When to use strip()",{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":144533},[144534,144536,144538,144540,144542],{"id":144428,"depth":131,"text":144535},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144439,"depth":131,"text":144537},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144447,"depth":131,"text":144539},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144456,"depth":131,"text":144541},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144471,"depth":131,"text":144472},{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143089,"description":144544},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144551,"title":144552,"body":144553,"description":145733,"extension":1930,"meta":145734,"navigation":421,"path":145735,"seo":145736,"stem":145737,"__hash__":145738},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144554,"toc":145703},[144555,144560,144565,144570,144572,144618,144626,144631,144645,144651,144653,144655,144670,144672,144682,144685,144716,144719,144742,144744,144747,144804,144806,144820,144822,144836,144842,144847,144850,144891,144893,144902,144910,144913,144958,144960,144969,144972,144976,144981,144995,144997,145029,145031,145051,145054,145059,145064,145066,145077,145080,145137,145139,145147,145156,145158,145160,145166,145168,145205,145207,145215,145217,145258,145260,145269,145274,145279,145281,145308,145315,145318,145349,145351,145360,145366,145375,145406,145408,145420,145433,145437,145442,145472,145474,145541,145543,145553,145555,145560,145563,145568,145573,145577,145583,145589,145592,145594,145652,145654,145662,145664,145700],[10,144556,123115,144558,18],{"id":144557},"python-string-upper-method",[15,144559,127993],{},[20,144561,123120,144562,144564],{},[15,144563,127993],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,144566,84377,144567,144569],{},[15,144568,127993],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[46,144571,1972],{"id":1971},[51,144573,144575],{"className":53,"code":144574,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144576,144577,144589,144603,144613],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144578,144579,144581,144583,144585,144587],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144580,34621],{"class":66},[60,144582,71],{"class":70},[60,144584,267],{"class":255},[60,144586,128834],{"class":259},[60,144588,3320],{"class":255},[60,144590,144591,144593,144595,144597,144599,144601],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,144592,107],{"class":66},[60,144594,71],{"class":70},[60,144596,42773],{"class":66},[60,144598,115],{"class":74},[60,144600,34411],{"class":118},[60,144602,8579],{"class":74},[60,144604,144605,144607,144609,144611],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,144606,135],{"class":134},[60,144608,122],{"class":74},[60,144610,140],{"class":118},[60,144612,128],{"class":74},[60,144614,144615],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,144616,144617],{"class":146},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,144619,144620,144622,144623,144625],{},[15,144621,127993],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[3698,144624,4581],{}," change the original string in place.",[46,144627,158,144629,161],{"id":144628},"what-upper-does",[15,144630,127993],{},[30,144632,144633,144638,144641,144643],{},[33,144634,144635,144637],{},[15,144636,127993],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[33,144639,144640],{},"It works on string values only",[33,144642,133363],{},[33,144644,136081],{},[20,144646,124867,144647,1460,144649,115],{},[260,144648,136087],{"href":136086},[260,144650,124870],{"href":50904},[46,144652,199],{"id":198},[20,144654,202],{},[51,144656,144658],{"className":53,"code":144657,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"string.upper()\n",[15,144659,144660],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144661,144662,144664,144666,144668],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144663,60933],{"class":66},[60,144665,115],{"class":74},[60,144667,34411],{"class":118},[60,144669,8579],{"class":74},[20,144671,11394],{},[30,144673,144674,144676,144679],{},[33,144675,97288],{},[33,144677,144678],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[33,144680,144681],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,144683,144684],{},"Example with a variable:",[51,144686,144688],{"className":53,"code":144687,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,144689,144690,144702],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144691,144692,144694,144696,144698,144700],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144693,7816],{"class":66},[60,144695,71],{"class":70},[60,144697,267],{"class":255},[60,144699,55],{"class":259},[60,144701,3320],{"class":255},[60,144703,144704,144706,144708,144710,144712,144714],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,144705,135],{"class":134},[60,144707,122],{"class":74},[60,144709,7611],{"class":118},[60,144711,115],{"class":74},[60,144713,34411],{"class":118},[60,144715,7136],{"class":74},[20,144717,144718],{},"Example with a string literal:",[51,144720,144722],{"className":53,"code":144721,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,144723,144724],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144725,144726,144728,144730,144732,144734,144736,144738,144740],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144727,135],{"class":134},[60,144729,122],{"class":74},[60,144731,256],{"class":255},[60,144733,3801],{"class":259},[60,144735,256],{"class":255},[60,144737,115],{"class":74},[60,144739,34411],{"class":118},[60,144741,7136],{"class":74},[46,144743,11411],{"id":11410},[20,144745,144746],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[51,144748,144750],{"className":53,"code":144749,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,144751,144752,144764,144779,144783,144793],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144753,144754,144756,144758,144760,144762],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144755,6098],{"class":66},[60,144757,71],{"class":70},[60,144759,267],{"class":255},[60,144761,1392],{"class":259},[60,144763,3320],{"class":255},[60,144765,144766,144769,144771,144773,144775,144777],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,144767,144768],{"class":66},"uppercase_word ",[60,144770,71],{"class":70},[60,144772,38314],{"class":66},[60,144774,115],{"class":74},[60,144776,34411],{"class":118},[60,144778,8579],{"class":74},[60,144780,144781],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,144782,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,144784,144785,144787,144789,144791],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,144786,135],{"class":134},[60,144788,122],{"class":74},[60,144790,38324],{"class":118},[60,144792,128],{"class":74},[60,144794,144795,144797,144799,144802],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,144796,135],{"class":134},[60,144798,122],{"class":74},[60,144800,144801],{"class":118},"uppercase_word",[60,144803,128],{"class":74},[20,144805,318],{},[51,144807,144809],{"className":53,"code":144808,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,144810,144811,144815],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144812,144813],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144814,70166],{"class":66},[60,144816,144817],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,144818,144819],{"class":34386},"BANANA\n",[20,144821,112229],{},[30,144823,144824,144829],{},[33,144825,144826,144828],{},[15,144827,38324],{}," keeps its original value",[33,144830,144831,144833,144834],{},[15,144832,144801],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,144835,127993],{},[46,144837,144839,144841],{"id":144838},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,144840,127993],{}," does not change the original string",[20,144843,136747,144844,144846],{},[3698,144845,136750],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,144848,144849],{},"So this method:",[51,144851,144853],{"className":53,"code":144852,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144854,144855,144867,144877,144881],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144856,144857,144859,144861,144863,144865],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144858,7816],{"class":66},[60,144860,71],{"class":70},[60,144862,267],{"class":255},[60,144864,17737],{"class":259},[60,144866,3320],{"class":255},[60,144868,144869,144871,144873,144875],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,144870,7611],{"class":66},[60,144872,115],{"class":74},[60,144874,34411],{"class":118},[60,144876,8579],{"class":74},[60,144878,144879],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,144880,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,144882,144883,144885,144887,144889],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,144884,135],{"class":134},[60,144886,122],{"class":74},[60,144888,7611],{"class":118},[60,144890,128],{"class":74},[20,144892,318],{},[51,144894,144896],{"className":53,"code":144895,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"alice\n",[15,144897,144898],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144899,144900],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144901,144895],{"class":66},[20,144903,20911,144904,144906,144907,144909],{},[15,144905,127993],{}," was called, ",[15,144908,7611],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,144911,144912],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[51,144914,144916],{"className":53,"code":144915,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144917,144918,144930,144944,144948],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144919,144920,144922,144924,144926,144928],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144921,7816],{"class":66},[60,144923,71],{"class":70},[60,144925,267],{"class":255},[60,144927,17737],{"class":259},[60,144929,3320],{"class":255},[60,144931,144932,144934,144936,144938,144940,144942],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,144933,7816],{"class":66},[60,144935,71],{"class":70},[60,144937,35927],{"class":66},[60,144939,115],{"class":74},[60,144941,34411],{"class":118},[60,144943,8579],{"class":74},[60,144945,144946],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,144947,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,144949,144950,144952,144954,144956],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,144951,135],{"class":134},[60,144953,122],{"class":74},[60,144955,7611],{"class":118},[60,144957,128],{"class":74},[20,144959,318],{},[51,144961,144963],{"className":53,"code":144962,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"ALICE\n",[15,144964,144965],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144966,144967],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144968,144962],{"class":34386},[20,144970,144971],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[46,144973,144975],{"id":144974},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,144977,144978,144980],{},[15,144979,127993],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[30,144982,144983,144986,144989,144992],{},[33,144984,144985],{},"Numbers stay the same",[33,144987,144988],{},"Spaces stay the same",[33,144990,144991],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[33,144993,144994],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,144996,238],{},[51,144998,145000],{"className":53,"code":144999,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145001,145002,145015],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145003,145004,145006,145008,145010,145013],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145005,34621],{"class":66},[60,145007,71],{"class":70},[60,145009,267],{"class":255},[60,145011,145012],{"class":259},"Room 7, table #3!",[60,145014,3320],{"class":255},[60,145016,145017,145019,145021,145023,145025,145027],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,145018,135],{"class":134},[60,145020,122],{"class":74},[60,145022,34642],{"class":118},[60,145024,115],{"class":74},[60,145026,34411],{"class":118},[60,145028,7136],{"class":74},[20,145030,318],{},[51,145032,145034],{"className":53,"code":145033,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,145035,145036],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145037,145038,145041,145043,145045,145048],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145039,145040],{"class":34386},"ROOM",[60,145042,5938],{"class":78},[60,145044,82],{"class":74},[60,145046,145047],{"class":34386}," TABLE",[60,145049,145050],{"class":146}," #3!\n",[20,145052,145053],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[46,145055,1221,145057],{"id":145056},"when-to-use-upper",[15,145058,127993],{},[20,145060,145061,145063],{},[15,145062,127993],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,145065,48270],{},[30,145067,145068,145071,145074],{},[33,145069,145070],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[33,145072,145073],{},"Format labels or headings",[33,145075,145076],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,145078,145079],{},"Example: simple comparison",[51,145081,145083],{"className":53,"code":145082,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,145084,145085,145097,145101,145123],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145086,145087,145089,145091,145093,145095],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145088,136358],{"class":66},[60,145090,71],{"class":70},[60,145092,267],{"class":255},[60,145094,1263],{"class":259},[60,145096,3320],{"class":255},[60,145098,145099],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,145100,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,145102,145103,145105,145107,145109,145111,145113,145115,145117,145119,145121],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,145104,6939],{"class":1537},[60,145106,136378],{"class":66},[60,145108,115],{"class":74},[60,145110,34411],{"class":118},[60,145112,7308],{"class":74},[60,145114,6349],{"class":70},[60,145116,267],{"class":255},[60,145118,136365],{"class":259},[60,145120,256],{"class":255},[60,145122,1712],{"class":74},[60,145124,145125,145127,145129,145131,145133,145135],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,145126,1718],{"class":134},[60,145128,122],{"class":74},[60,145130,256],{"class":255},[60,145132,143562],{"class":259},[60,145134,256],{"class":255},[60,145136,128],{"class":74},[20,145138,318],{},[51,145140,145141],{"className":53,"code":143571,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,145142,145143],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145144,145145],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145146,143571],{"class":66},[20,145148,145149,145150,2154,145152,2158,145154,115],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,145151,1263],{},[15,145153,137151],{},[15,145155,136365],{},[46,145157,1351],{"id":1350},[553,145159,95649],{"id":95648},[20,145161,8056,145162,145165],{},[15,145163,145164],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,145167,16579],{},[51,145169,145171],{"className":53,"code":145170,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145172,145173,145185,145195],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145174,145175,145177,145179,145181,145183],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145176,34621],{"class":66},[60,145178,71],{"class":70},[60,145180,267],{"class":255},[60,145182,3801],{"class":259},[60,145184,3320],{"class":255},[60,145186,145187,145189,145191,145193],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,145188,34642],{"class":66},[60,145190,115],{"class":74},[60,145192,34411],{"class":118},[60,145194,8579],{"class":74},[60,145196,145197,145199,145201,145203],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,145198,135],{"class":134},[60,145200,122],{"class":74},[60,145202,34642],{"class":118},[60,145204,128],{"class":74},[20,145206,318],{},[51,145208,145209],{"className":53,"code":138430,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,145210,145211],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145212,145213],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145214,138430],{"class":66},[20,145216,16591],{},[51,145218,145220],{"className":53,"code":145219,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145221,145222,145234,145248],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145223,145224,145226,145228,145230,145232],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145225,34621],{"class":66},[60,145227,71],{"class":70},[60,145229,267],{"class":255},[60,145231,3801],{"class":259},[60,145233,3320],{"class":255},[60,145235,145236,145238,145240,145242,145244,145246],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,145237,34621],{"class":66},[60,145239,71],{"class":70},[60,145241,42773],{"class":66},[60,145243,115],{"class":74},[60,145245,34411],{"class":118},[60,145247,8579],{"class":74},[60,145249,145250,145252,145254,145256],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,145251,135],{"class":134},[60,145253,122],{"class":74},[60,145255,34642],{"class":118},[60,145257,128],{"class":74},[20,145259,318],{},[51,145261,145263],{"className":53,"code":145262,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"HELLO\n",[15,145264,145265],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145266,145267],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145268,145262],{"class":34386},[553,145270,18841,145272,137037],{"id":145271},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,145273,127993],{},[20,145275,145276,145278],{},[15,145277,127993],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,145280,238],{},[51,145282,145284],{"className":53,"code":145283,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,145285,145286,145294],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145287,145288,145290,145292],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145289,2182],{"class":66},[60,145291,71],{"class":70},[60,145293,124797],{"class":78},[60,145295,145296,145298,145300,145302,145304,145306],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,145297,135],{"class":134},[60,145299,122],{"class":74},[60,145301,2204],{"class":118},[60,145303,115],{"class":74},[60,145305,34411],{"class":118},[60,145307,7136],{"class":74},[20,145309,39587,145310,145312,145313,33533],{},[15,145311,345],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,145314,127993],{},[20,145316,145317],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[51,145319,145321],{"className":53,"code":145320,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,145322,145323,145331],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145324,145325,145327,145329],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145326,2182],{"class":66},[60,145328,71],{"class":70},[60,145330,124797],{"class":78},[60,145332,145333,145335,145337,145339,145341,145343,145345,145347],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,145334,135],{"class":134},[60,145336,122],{"class":74},[60,145338,3405],{"class":1656},[60,145340,122],{"class":74},[60,145342,2204],{"class":118},[60,145344,8567],{"class":74},[60,145346,34411],{"class":118},[60,145348,7136],{"class":74},[20,145350,318],{},[51,145352,145354],{"className":53,"code":145353,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"123\n",[15,145355,145356],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145357,145358],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145359,145353],{"class":78},[553,145361,37138,145363,145365],{"id":145362},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,145364,127993],{}," with title case",[20,145367,145368,145370,145371,145374],{},[15,145369,127993],{}," makes ",[3698,145372,145373],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[51,145376,145378],{"className":53,"code":145377,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145379,145380,145392],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145381,145382,145384,145386,145388,145390],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145383,34621],{"class":66},[60,145385,71],{"class":70},[60,145387,267],{"class":255},[60,145389,60165],{"class":259},[60,145391,3320],{"class":255},[60,145393,145394,145396,145398,145400,145402,145404],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,145395,135],{"class":134},[60,145397,122],{"class":74},[60,145399,34642],{"class":118},[60,145401,115],{"class":74},[60,145403,34411],{"class":118},[60,145405,7136],{"class":74},[20,145407,318],{},[51,145409,145411],{"className":53,"code":145410,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145412,145413],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145414,145415,145417],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145416,136139],{"class":34386},[60,145418,145419],{"class":34386}," WORLD\n",[20,145421,145422,145423,145427,145428,145432],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[260,145424,145425],{"href":123842},[15,145426,123845],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[260,145429,145430],{"href":129696},[15,145431,124286],{}," changes parts of a string.",[46,145434,145436],{"id":145435},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,145438,145439,145440,166],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,145441,127993],{},[30,145443,145444,145451,145458,145465],{},[33,145445,145446,145450],{},[260,145447,145448],{"href":123842},[15,145449,123845],{}," for lowercase text",[33,145452,145453,145457],{},[260,145454,145455],{"href":136685},[15,145456,41587],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[33,145459,145460,145464],{},[260,145461,145462],{"href":129696},[15,145463,124286],{}," for changing parts of a string",[33,145466,145467,544,145469,145471],{},[15,145468,127483],{},[15,145470,126173],{}," for checks",[20,145473,238],{},[51,145475,145477],{"className":53,"code":145476,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,145478,145479,145491,145495,145510,145526,145530],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145480,145481,145483,145485,145487,145489],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145482,34621],{"class":66},[60,145484,71],{"class":70},[60,145486,267],{"class":255},[60,145488,143213],{"class":259},[60,145490,3320],{"class":255},[60,145492,145493],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,145494,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,145496,145497,145500,145502,145504,145506,145508],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,145498,145499],{"class":66},"cleaned ",[60,145501,71],{"class":70},[60,145503,42773],{"class":66},[60,145505,115],{"class":74},[60,145507,8570],{"class":118},[60,145509,8579],{"class":74},[60,145511,145512,145515,145517,145520,145522,145524],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,145513,145514],{"class":66},"loud ",[60,145516,71],{"class":70},[60,145518,145519],{"class":66}," cleaned",[60,145521,115],{"class":74},[60,145523,34411],{"class":118},[60,145525,8579],{"class":74},[60,145527,145528],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,145529,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,145531,145532,145534,145536,145539],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,145533,135],{"class":134},[60,145535,122],{"class":74},[60,145537,145538],{"class":118},"loud",[60,145540,128],{"class":74},[20,145542,318],{},[51,145544,145545],{"className":53,"code":145410,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,145546,145547],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145548,145549,145551],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145550,136139],{"class":34386},[60,145552,145419],{"class":34386},[46,145554,1773],{"id":1772},[553,145556,1777,145558,124442],{"id":145557},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,145559,127993],{},[20,145561,145562],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[553,145564,1777,145566,137419],{"id":145565},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,145567,127993],{},[20,145569,145570,145571,115],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,145572,145164],{},[553,145574,145576],{"id":145575},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,145578,145579,145580,145582],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,145581,127993],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[553,145584,28261,145586,145588],{"id":145585},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,145587,127993],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,145590,145591],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,145593,238],{},[51,145595,145597],{"className":53,"code":145596,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,145598,145599,145611,145624,145628],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145600,145601,145603,145605,145607,145609],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145602,2515],{"class":66},[60,145604,71],{"class":70},[60,145606,267],{"class":255},[60,145608,55],{"class":259},[60,145610,3320],{"class":255},[60,145612,145613,145615,145617,145619,145622],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,145614,2543],{"class":66},[60,145616,71],{"class":70},[60,145618,267],{"class":255},[60,145620,145621],{"class":259},"PYTHON",[60,145623,3320],{"class":255},[60,145625,145626],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,145627,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,145629,145630,145632,145634,145636,145638,145640,145642,145644,145646,145648,145650],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,145631,135],{"class":134},[60,145633,122],{"class":74},[60,145635,260],{"class":118},[60,145637,115],{"class":74},[60,145639,34411],{"class":118},[60,145641,7308],{"class":74},[60,145643,6349],{"class":70},[60,145645,2520],{"class":118},[60,145647,115],{"class":74},[60,145649,34411],{"class":118},[60,145651,7136],{"class":74},[20,145653,318],{},[51,145655,145656],{"className":53,"code":3933,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,145657,145658],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145659,145660],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145661,3933],{"class":685},[46,145663,1842],{"id":1841},[30,145665,145666,145670,145676,145682,145688,145692,145696],{},[33,145667,145668],{},[260,145669,124870],{"href":50904},[33,145671,145672],{},[260,145673,126115,145674,1869],{"href":123842},[15,145675,123845],{},[33,145677,145678],{},[260,145679,126115,145680,1869],{"href":136685},[15,145681,41587],{},[33,145683,145684],{},[260,145685,126115,145686,1869],{"href":129696},[15,145687,124286],{},[33,145689,145690],{},[260,145691,90443],{"href":89452},[33,145693,145694],{},[260,145695,124514],{"href":123370},[33,145697,145698],{},[260,145699,137505],{"href":136086},[1885,145701,145702],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":145704},[145705,145706,145708,145709,145710,145712,145713,145715,145722,145723,145732],{"id":1971,"depth":104,"text":1972},{"id":144628,"depth":104,"text":145707},"What upper() does",{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199},{"id":11410,"depth":104,"text":11411},{"id":144838,"depth":104,"text":145711},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":144974,"depth":104,"text":144975},{"id":145056,"depth":104,"text":145714},"When to use upper()",{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351,"children":145716},[145717,145718,145720],{"id":95648,"depth":131,"text":95649},{"id":145271,"depth":131,"text":145719},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145362,"depth":131,"text":145721},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145435,"depth":104,"text":145436},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":145724},[145725,145727,145729,145730],{"id":145557,"depth":131,"text":145726},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145565,"depth":131,"text":145728},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145575,"depth":131,"text":145576},{"id":145585,"depth":131,"text":145731},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144552,"description":145733},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145740,"title":145741,"body":145742,"description":147619,"extension":1930,"meta":147620,"navigation":421,"path":147621,"seo":147622,"stem":147623,"__hash__":147624},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145743,"toc":147569},[145744,145750,145757,145763,145765,145821,145826,145831,145836,145839,145858,145861,145863,145887,145905,145916,145918,145921,145974,145976,145984,145986,146004,146009,146012,146069,146071,146080,146083,146103,146106,146112,146117,146119,146162,146164,146172,146175,146216,146218,146227,146233,146239,146266,146268,146276,146281,146285,146297,146340,146342,146350,146355,146361,146366,146370,146372,146415,146418,146465,146467,146476,146483,146487,146490,146536,146541,146545,146547,146590,146593,146601,146603,146608,146610,146612,146631,146634,146646,146648,146667,146669,146677,146681,146683,146734,146737,146812,146814,146822,146825,146829,146831,146878,146881,146952,146954,146962,146968,146970,147045,147049,147128,147130,147138,147144,147150,147155,147160,147209,147213,147284,147287,147292,147303,147306,147317,147327,147329,147334,147359,147364,147445,147447,147472,147474,147479,147482,147488,147497,147503,147506,147512,147518,147525,147528,147530,147566],[10,145745,1875,145747,3541],{"id":145746},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,145748,145749],{},"sum()",[20,145751,9058,145752,145754,145755,24696],{},[15,145753,145749],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,145756,59757],{},[20,145758,145759,145760,145762],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,145761,36008],{}," value and a few important limits.",[46,145764,1972],{"id":1971},[51,145766,145768],{"className":53,"code":145767,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,145769,145770,145794,145809],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145771,145772,145774,145776,145778,145780,145782,145784,145786,145788,145790,145792],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145773,67],{"class":66},[60,145775,71],{"class":70},[60,145777,75],{"class":74},[60,145779,79],{"class":78},[60,145781,82],{"class":74},[60,145783,85],{"class":78},[60,145785,82],{"class":74},[60,145787,94],{"class":78},[60,145789,82],{"class":74},[60,145791,800],{"class":78},[60,145793,101],{"class":74},[60,145795,145796,145798,145800,145803,145805,145807],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,145797,41117],{"class":66},[60,145799,71],{"class":70},[60,145801,145802],{"class":134}," sum",[60,145804,122],{"class":74},[60,145806,1506],{"class":118},[60,145808,128],{"class":74},[60,145810,145811,145813,145815,145817,145819],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,145812,135],{"class":134},[60,145814,122],{"class":74},[60,145816,41146],{"class":118},[60,145818,143],{"class":74},[60,145820,26728],{"class":146},[20,145822,150,145823,145825],{},[15,145824,145749],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[46,145827,158,145829,161],{"id":145828},"what-sum-does",[15,145830,145749],{},[20,145832,145833,145835],{},[15,145834,145749],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,145837,145838],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[30,145840,145841,145844,145847,145852],{},[33,145842,145843],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[33,145845,145846],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[33,145848,145849,145850],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,145851,36132],{},[33,145853,145854,145855,145857],{},"Counting ",[15,145856,547],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,145859,145860],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[46,145862,199],{"id":198},[51,145864,145866],{"className":53,"code":145865,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,145867,145868],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145869,145870,145873,145875,145877,145879,145881,145883,145885],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145871,145872],{"class":134},"sum",[60,145874,122],{"class":74},[60,145876,3675],{"class":118},[60,145878,82],{"class":74},[60,145880,35987],{"class":9110},[60,145882,71],{"class":70},[60,145884,195],{"class":78},[60,145886,128],{"class":74},[30,145888,145889,145894,145899],{},[33,145890,145891,145893],{},[15,145892,3675],{}," is the group of values to add",[33,145895,145896,145898],{},[15,145897,36008],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[33,145900,145901,145902],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,145903,145904],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,145906,145907,145908,145911,145912,115],{},"If you are new to the word ",[145909,145910,3675],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[260,145913,145914,24549],{"href":36129},[15,145915,36132],{},[46,145917,11411],{"id":11410},[20,145919,145920],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[51,145922,145924],{"className":53,"code":145923,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145925,145926,145946,145960,145964],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145927,145928,145930,145932,145934,145936,145938,145940,145942,145944],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145929,67],{"class":66},[60,145931,71],{"class":70},[60,145933,75],{"class":74},[60,145935,1086],{"class":78},[60,145937,82],{"class":74},[60,145939,883],{"class":78},[60,145941,82],{"class":74},[60,145943,37871],{"class":78},[60,145945,101],{"class":74},[60,145947,145948,145950,145952,145954,145956,145958],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,145949,41117],{"class":66},[60,145951,71],{"class":70},[60,145953,145802],{"class":134},[60,145955,122],{"class":74},[60,145957,1506],{"class":118},[60,145959,128],{"class":74},[60,145961,145962],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,145963,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,145965,145966,145968,145970,145972],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,145967,135],{"class":134},[60,145969,122],{"class":74},[60,145971,41146],{"class":118},[60,145973,128],{"class":74},[20,145975,318],{},[51,145977,145978],{"className":53,"code":69600,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,145979,145980],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145981,145982],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145983,69600],{"class":78},[20,145985,11620],{},[30,145987,145988,145993,145999],{},[33,145989,145990,145992],{},[15,145991,1506],{}," contains three integers",[33,145994,145995,145998],{},[15,145996,145997],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[33,146000,146001,146002],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,146003,41146],{},[46,146005,36547,146007,8372],{"id":146006},"using-the-start-value",[15,146008,36008],{},[20,146010,146011],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[51,146013,146015],{"className":53,"code":146014,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146016,146017,146037,146055,146059],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146018,146019,146021,146023,146025,146027,146029,146031,146033,146035],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146020,67],{"class":66},[60,146022,71],{"class":70},[60,146024,75],{"class":74},[60,146026,79],{"class":78},[60,146028,82],{"class":74},[60,146030,85],{"class":78},[60,146032,82],{"class":74},[60,146034,94],{"class":78},[60,146036,101],{"class":74},[60,146038,146039,146041,146043,146045,146047,146049,146051,146053],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,146040,41117],{"class":66},[60,146042,71],{"class":70},[60,146044,145802],{"class":134},[60,146046,122],{"class":74},[60,146048,1506],{"class":118},[60,146050,82],{"class":74},[60,146052,883],{"class":78},[60,146054,128],{"class":74},[60,146056,146057],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,146058,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,146060,146061,146063,146065,146067],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,146062,135],{"class":134},[60,146064,122],{"class":74},[60,146066,41146],{"class":118},[60,146068,128],{"class":74},[20,146070,318],{},[51,146072,146074],{"className":53,"code":146073,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"16\n",[15,146075,146076],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146077,146078],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146079,146073],{"class":78},[20,146081,146082],{},"This works like:",[30,146084,146085,146090,146095,146099],{},[33,146086,146087,146088],{},"Start at ",[15,146089,873],{},[33,146091,146092,146093],{},"Add ",[15,146094,79],{},[33,146096,146092,146097],{},[15,146098,125],{},[33,146100,146092,146101],{},[15,146102,189],{},[20,146104,146105],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[46,146107,158,146109,146111],{"id":146108},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,146110,145749],{}," can work with",[20,146113,146114,146116],{},[15,146115,145749],{}," works with numeric values.",[553,146118,40359],{"id":40358},[51,146120,146122],{"className":53,"code":146121,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146123,146124,146148],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146125,146126,146128,146130,146132,146134,146136,146138,146140,146142,146144,146146],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146127,674],{"class":66},[60,146129,71],{"class":70},[60,146131,75],{"class":74},[60,146133,79],{"class":78},[60,146135,82],{"class":74},[60,146137,85],{"class":78},[60,146139,82],{"class":74},[60,146141,94],{"class":78},[60,146143,82],{"class":74},[60,146145,800],{"class":78},[60,146147,101],{"class":74},[60,146149,146150,146152,146154,146156,146158,146160],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,146151,135],{"class":134},[60,146153,122],{"class":74},[60,146155,145872],{"class":134},[60,146157,122],{"class":74},[60,146159,706],{"class":118},[60,146161,315],{"class":74},[20,146163,318],{},[51,146165,146166],{"className":53,"code":2340,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,146167,146168],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146169,146170],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146171,2340],{"class":78},[553,146173,146174],{"id":51972},"Floats",[51,146176,146178],{"className":53,"code":146177,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,146179,146180,146202],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146181,146182,146184,146186,146188,146190,146192,146195,146197,146200],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146183,82808],{"class":66},[60,146185,71],{"class":70},[60,146187,75],{"class":74},[60,146189,41093],{"class":78},[60,146191,82],{"class":74},[60,146193,146194],{"class":78}," 3.75",[60,146196,82],{"class":74},[60,146198,146199],{"class":78}," 1.25",[60,146201,101],{"class":74},[60,146203,146204,146206,146208,146210,146212,146214],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,146205,135],{"class":134},[60,146207,122],{"class":74},[60,146209,145872],{"class":134},[60,146211,122],{"class":74},[60,146213,82844],{"class":118},[60,146215,315],{"class":74},[20,146217,318],{},[51,146219,146221],{"className":53,"code":146220,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"7.5\n",[15,146222,146223],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146224,146225],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146226,146220],{"class":78},[20,146228,146229,146230,115],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[260,146231,146232],{"href":2383},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[553,146234,146236,146237],{"id":146235},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,146238,36132],{},[51,146240,146242],{"className":53,"code":146241,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,146243,146244],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146245,146246,146248,146250,146252,146254,146256,146258,146260,146262,146264],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146247,135],{"class":134},[60,146249,122],{"class":74},[60,146251,145872],{"class":134},[60,146253,122],{"class":74},[60,146255,59757],{"class":134},[60,146257,122],{"class":74},[60,146259,79],{"class":78},[60,146261,82],{"class":74},[60,146263,37578],{"class":78},[60,146265,2872],{"class":74},[20,146267,318],{},[51,146269,146270],{"className":53,"code":46972,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,146271,146272],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146273,146274],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146275,46972],{"class":78},[20,146277,113319,146278,115],{},[15,146279,146280],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[553,146282,146284],{"id":146283},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,146286,146287,146288,146290,146291,544,146293,146290,146295,115],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,146289,547],{}," acts like ",[15,146292,79],{},[15,146294,1463],{},[15,146296,195],{},[51,146298,146300],{"className":53,"code":146299,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,146301,146302,146326],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146303,146304,146306,146308,146310,146312,146314,146316,146318,146320,146322,146324],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146305,51892],{"class":66},[60,146307,71],{"class":70},[60,146309,75],{"class":74},[60,146311,547],{"class":685},[60,146313,82],{"class":74},[60,146315,3861],{"class":685},[60,146317,82],{"class":74},[60,146319,686],{"class":685},[60,146321,82],{"class":74},[60,146323,686],{"class":685},[60,146325,101],{"class":74},[60,146327,146328,146330,146332,146334,146336,146338],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,146329,135],{"class":134},[60,146331,122],{"class":74},[60,146333,145872],{"class":134},[60,146335,122],{"class":74},[60,146337,51945],{"class":118},[60,146339,315],{"class":74},[20,146341,318],{},[51,146343,146344],{"className":53,"code":931,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,146345,146346],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146347,146348],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146349,931],{"class":78},[20,146351,146352,146353,115],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,146354,547],{},[46,146356,158,146358,146360],{"id":146357},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,146359,145749],{}," does not work with",[20,146362,146363,146365],{},[15,146364,145749],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[553,146367,146369],{"id":146368},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,146371,2797],{},[51,146373,146375],{"className":53,"code":146374,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,146376,146377,146401],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146378,146379,146381,146383,146385,146387,146389,146391,146393,146395,146397,146399],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146380,566],{"class":66},[60,146382,71],{"class":70},[60,146384,75],{"class":74},[60,146386,256],{"class":255},[60,146388,3801],{"class":259},[60,146390,256],{"class":255},[60,146392,82],{"class":74},[60,146394,267],{"class":255},[60,146396,60350],{"class":259},[60,146398,256],{"class":255},[60,146400,101],{"class":74},[60,146402,146403,146405,146407,146409,146411,146413],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,146404,135],{"class":134},[60,146406,122],{"class":74},[60,146408,145872],{"class":134},[60,146410,122],{"class":74},[60,146412,605],{"class":118},[60,146414,315],{"class":74},[20,146416,146417],{},"Use string joining instead:",[51,146419,146421],{"className":53,"code":146420,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,146422,146423,146447],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146424,146425,146427,146429,146431,146433,146435,146437,146439,146441,146443,146445],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146426,566],{"class":66},[60,146428,71],{"class":70},[60,146430,75],{"class":74},[60,146432,256],{"class":255},[60,146434,3801],{"class":259},[60,146436,256],{"class":255},[60,146438,82],{"class":74},[60,146440,267],{"class":255},[60,146442,60350],{"class":259},[60,146444,256],{"class":255},[60,146446,101],{"class":74},[60,146448,146449,146451,146453,146455,146457,146459,146461,146463],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,146450,135],{"class":134},[60,146452,122],{"class":74},[60,146454,6213],{"class":255},[60,146456,115],{"class":74},[60,146458,133274],{"class":118},[60,146460,122],{"class":74},[60,146462,605],{"class":118},[60,146464,315],{"class":74},[20,146466,318],{},[51,146468,146470],{"className":53,"code":146469,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"helloworld\n",[15,146471,146472],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146473,146474],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146475,146469],{"class":66},[20,146477,146478,146479,115],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[260,146480,146481,5729],{"href":42107},[15,146482,47614],{},[553,146484,146486],{"id":146485},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,146488,146489],{},"This also causes an error:",[51,146491,146493],{"className":53,"code":146492,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,146494,146495,146522],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146496,146497,146500,146502,146504,146506,146508,146510,146512,146514,146516,146518,146520],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146498,146499],{"class":66},"lists ",[60,146501,71],{"class":70},[60,146503,782],{"class":74},[60,146505,79],{"class":78},[60,146507,82],{"class":74},[60,146509,85],{"class":78},[60,146511,791],{"class":74},[60,146513,75],{"class":74},[60,146515,189],{"class":78},[60,146517,82],{"class":74},[60,146519,800],{"class":78},[60,146521,819],{"class":74},[60,146523,146524,146526,146528,146530,146532,146534],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,146525,135],{"class":134},[60,146527,122],{"class":74},[60,146529,145872],{"class":134},[60,146531,122],{"class":74},[60,146533,5247],{"class":118},[60,146535,315],{"class":74},[20,146537,146538,146540],{},[15,146539,145749],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[553,146542,146544],{"id":146543},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,146546,5418],{},[51,146548,146550],{"className":53,"code":146549,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146551,146552,146576],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146553,146554,146556,146558,146560,146562,146564,146566,146568,146570,146572,146574],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146555,674],{"class":66},[60,146557,71],{"class":70},[60,146559,75],{"class":74},[60,146561,79],{"class":78},[60,146563,82],{"class":74},[60,146565,85],{"class":78},[60,146567,82],{"class":74},[60,146569,267],{"class":255},[60,146571,189],{"class":259},[60,146573,256],{"class":255},[60,146575,101],{"class":74},[60,146577,146578,146580,146582,146584,146586,146588],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,146579,135],{"class":134},[60,146581,122],{"class":74},[60,146583,145872],{"class":134},[60,146585,122],{"class":74},[60,146587,706],{"class":118},[60,146589,315],{"class":74},[20,146591,146592],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,146594,146595,146596,146598,146599,115],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,146597,65705],{},", convert them first. See ",[260,146600,2923],{"href":2922},[46,146602,41438],{"id":41437},[20,146604,146605,146606,115],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,146607,145749],{},[553,146609,6466],{"id":6465},[20,146611,4475],{},[51,146613,146615],{"className":53,"code":146614,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,146616,146617],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146618,146619,146621,146623,146625,146627,146629],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146620,135],{"class":134},[60,146622,122],{"class":74},[60,146624,145872],{"class":134},[60,146626,122],{"class":74},[60,146628,1086],{"class":78},[60,146630,315],{"class":74},[20,146632,146633],{},"Why it fails:",[30,146635,146636,146641],{},[33,146637,146638,146640],{},[15,146639,1086],{}," is a single integer",[33,146642,146643,146645],{},[15,146644,145749],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,146647,6496],{},[51,146649,146651],{"className":53,"code":146650,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,146652,146653],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146654,146655,146657,146659,146661,146663,146665],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146656,135],{"class":134},[60,146658,122],{"class":74},[60,146660,145872],{"class":134},[60,146662,835],{"class":74},[60,146664,1086],{"class":78},[60,146666,2958],{"class":74},[20,146668,318],{},[51,146670,146671],{"className":53,"code":2907,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,146672,146673],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146674,146675],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146676,2907],{"class":78},[553,146678,146680],{"id":146679},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,146682,4475],{},[51,146684,146686],{"className":53,"code":146685,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146687,146688,146720],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146689,146690,146692,146694,146696,146698,146700,146702,146704,146706,146708,146710,146712,146714,146716,146718],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146691,674],{"class":66},[60,146693,71],{"class":70},[60,146695,75],{"class":74},[60,146697,256],{"class":255},[60,146699,79],{"class":259},[60,146701,256],{"class":255},[60,146703,82],{"class":74},[60,146705,267],{"class":255},[60,146707,125],{"class":259},[60,146709,256],{"class":255},[60,146711,82],{"class":74},[60,146713,267],{"class":255},[60,146715,189],{"class":259},[60,146717,256],{"class":255},[60,146719,101],{"class":74},[60,146721,146722,146724,146726,146728,146730,146732],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,146723,135],{"class":134},[60,146725,122],{"class":74},[60,146727,145872],{"class":134},[60,146729,122],{"class":74},[60,146731,706],{"class":118},[60,146733,315],{"class":74},[20,146735,146736],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[51,146738,146740],{"className":53,"code":146739,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146741,146742,146774,146802],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146743,146744,146746,146748,146750,146752,146754,146756,146758,146760,146762,146764,146766,146768,146770,146772],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146745,674],{"class":66},[60,146747,71],{"class":70},[60,146749,75],{"class":74},[60,146751,256],{"class":255},[60,146753,79],{"class":259},[60,146755,256],{"class":255},[60,146757,82],{"class":74},[60,146759,267],{"class":255},[60,146761,125],{"class":259},[60,146763,256],{"class":255},[60,146765,82],{"class":74},[60,146767,267],{"class":255},[60,146769,189],{"class":259},[60,146771,256],{"class":255},[60,146773,101],{"class":74},[60,146775,146776,146778,146780,146782,146784,146786,146788,146790,146792,146794,146796,146798,146800],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,146777,41117],{"class":66},[60,146779,71],{"class":70},[60,146781,145802],{"class":134},[60,146783,122],{"class":74},[60,146785,345],{"class":1656},[60,146787,122],{"class":74},[60,146789,2139],{"class":118},[60,146791,143],{"class":74},[60,146793,3832],{"class":1537},[60,146795,3835],{"class":118},[60,146797,511],{"class":1537},[60,146799,3840],{"class":118},[60,146801,128],{"class":74},[60,146803,146804,146806,146808,146810],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,146805,135],{"class":134},[60,146807,122],{"class":74},[60,146809,41146],{"class":118},[60,146811,128],{"class":74},[20,146813,318],{},[51,146815,146816],{"className":53,"code":2616,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,146817,146818],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146819,146820],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146821,2616],{"class":78},[20,146823,146824],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[553,146826,146828],{"id":146827},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,146830,4475],{},[51,146832,146834],{"className":53,"code":146833,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146835,146836,146864],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146837,146838,146840,146842,146844,146846,146848,146850,146852,146854,146856,146858,146860,146862],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146839,674],{"class":66},[60,146841,71],{"class":70},[60,146843,75],{"class":74},[60,146845,79],{"class":78},[60,146847,82],{"class":74},[60,146849,85],{"class":78},[60,146851,82],{"class":74},[60,146853,267],{"class":255},[60,146855,189],{"class":259},[60,146857,256],{"class":255},[60,146859,82],{"class":74},[60,146861,800],{"class":78},[60,146863,101],{"class":74},[60,146865,146866,146868,146870,146872,146874,146876],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,146867,135],{"class":134},[60,146869,122],{"class":74},[60,146871,145872],{"class":134},[60,146873,122],{"class":74},[60,146875,706],{"class":118},[60,146877,315],{"class":74},[20,146879,146880],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[51,146882,146884],{"className":53,"code":146883,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146885,146886,146914,146942],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146887,146888,146890,146892,146894,146896,146898,146900,146902,146904,146906,146908,146910,146912],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146889,674],{"class":66},[60,146891,71],{"class":70},[60,146893,75],{"class":74},[60,146895,79],{"class":78},[60,146897,82],{"class":74},[60,146899,85],{"class":78},[60,146901,82],{"class":74},[60,146903,267],{"class":255},[60,146905,189],{"class":259},[60,146907,256],{"class":255},[60,146909,82],{"class":74},[60,146911,800],{"class":78},[60,146913,101],{"class":74},[60,146915,146916,146918,146920,146922,146924,146926,146928,146930,146932,146934,146936,146938,146940],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,146917,41117],{"class":66},[60,146919,71],{"class":70},[60,146921,145802],{"class":134},[60,146923,122],{"class":74},[60,146925,345],{"class":1656},[60,146927,122],{"class":74},[60,146929,2139],{"class":118},[60,146931,143],{"class":74},[60,146933,3832],{"class":1537},[60,146935,3835],{"class":118},[60,146937,511],{"class":1537},[60,146939,3840],{"class":118},[60,146941,128],{"class":74},[60,146943,146944,146946,146948,146950],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,146945,135],{"class":134},[60,146947,122],{"class":74},[60,146949,41146],{"class":118},[60,146951,128],{"class":74},[20,146953,318],{},[51,146955,146956],{"className":53,"code":2340,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,146957,146958],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146959,146960],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146961,2340],{"class":78},[553,146963,8356,146965,146967],{"id":146964},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,146966,145749],{}," to join text",[20,146969,4475],{},[51,146971,146973],{"className":53,"code":146972,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,146974,146975,147031],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146976,146977,146979,146981,146983,146985,146987,146989,146991,146993,146995,146997,146999,147001,147003,147005,147007,147009,147011,147013,147015,147017,147019,147021,147023,147025,147027,147029],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146978,248],{"class":66},[60,146980,71],{"class":70},[60,146982,75],{"class":74},[60,146984,256],{"class":255},[60,146986,133873],{"class":259},[60,146988,256],{"class":255},[60,146990,82],{"class":74},[60,146992,267],{"class":255},[60,146994,11682],{"class":259},[60,146996,256],{"class":255},[60,146998,82],{"class":74},[60,147000,267],{"class":255},[60,147002,63046],{"class":259},[60,147004,256],{"class":255},[60,147006,82],{"class":74},[60,147008,267],{"class":255},[60,147010,60197],{"class":259},[60,147012,256],{"class":255},[60,147014,82],{"class":74},[60,147016,267],{"class":255},[60,147018,60232],{"class":259},[60,147020,256],{"class":255},[60,147022,82],{"class":74},[60,147024,267],{"class":255},[60,147026,75790],{"class":259},[60,147028,256],{"class":255},[60,147030,101],{"class":74},[60,147032,147033,147035,147037,147039,147041,147043],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,147034,135],{"class":134},[60,147036,122],{"class":74},[60,147038,145872],{"class":134},[60,147040,122],{"class":74},[60,147042,300],{"class":118},[60,147044,315],{"class":74},[20,147046,150,147047,60291],{},[15,147048,133197],{},[51,147050,147052],{"className":53,"code":147051,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,147053,147054,147110],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,147055,147056,147058,147060,147062,147064,147066,147068,147070,147072,147074,147076,147078,147080,147082,147084,147086,147088,147090,147092,147094,147096,147098,147100,147102,147104,147106,147108],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,147057,248],{"class":66},[60,147059,71],{"class":70},[60,147061,75],{"class":74},[60,147063,256],{"class":255},[60,147065,133873],{"class":259},[60,147067,256],{"class":255},[60,147069,82],{"class":74},[60,147071,267],{"class":255},[60,147073,11682],{"class":259},[60,147075,256],{"class":255},[60,147077,82],{"class":74},[60,147079,267],{"class":255},[60,147081,63046],{"class":259},[60,147083,256],{"class":255},[60,147085,82],{"class":74},[60,147087,267],{"class":255},[60,147089,60197],{"class":259},[60,147091,256],{"class":255},[60,147093,82],{"class":74},[60,147095,267],{"class":255},[60,147097,60232],{"class":259},[60,147099,256],{"class":255},[60,147101,82],{"class":74},[60,147103,267],{"class":255},[60,147105,75790],{"class":259},[60,147107,256],{"class":255},[60,147109,101],{"class":74},[60,147111,147112,147114,147116,147118,147120,147122,147124,147126],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,147113,135],{"class":134},[60,147115,122],{"class":74},[60,147117,6213],{"class":255},[60,147119,115],{"class":74},[60,147121,133274],{"class":118},[60,147123,122],{"class":74},[60,147125,300],{"class":118},[60,147127,315],{"class":74},[20,147129,318],{},[51,147131,147132],{"className":53,"code":133954,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,147133,147134],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,147135,147136],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,147137,133954],{"class":66},[20,147139,147140,147141,115],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[260,147142,147143],{"href":135035},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[46,147145,147147,147149],{"id":147146},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,147148,145749],{}," vs manual loop",[20,147151,147152,147154],{},[15,147153,145749],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[553,147156,8356,147158],{"id":147157},"using-sum",[15,147159,145749],{},[51,147161,147163],{"className":53,"code":147162,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147164,147165,147185,147199],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,147166,147167,147169,147171,147173,147175,147177,147179,147181,147183],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,147168,67],{"class":66},[60,147170,71],{"class":70},[60,147172,75],{"class":74},[60,147174,2465],{"class":78},[60,147176,82],{"class":74},[60,147178,5938],{"class":78},[60,147180,82],{"class":74},[60,147182,54060],{"class":78},[60,147184,101],{"class":74},[60,147186,147187,147189,147191,147193,147195,147197],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,147188,41117],{"class":66},[60,147190,71],{"class":70},[60,147192,145802],{"class":134},[60,147194,122],{"class":74},[60,147196,1506],{"class":118},[60,147198,128],{"class":74},[60,147200,147201,147203,147205,147207],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,147202,135],{"class":134},[60,147204,122],{"class":74},[60,147206,41146],{"class":118},[60,147208,128],{"class":74},[553,147210,147212],{"id":147211},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[51,147214,147216],{"className":53,"code":147215,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,147217,147218,147238,147246,147250,147262,147270,147274],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,147219,147220,147222,147224,147226,147228,147230,147232,147234,147236],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,147221,67],{"class":66},[60,147223,71],{"class":70},[60,147225,75],{"class":74},[60,147227,2465],{"class":78},[60,147229,82],{"class":74},[60,147231,5938],{"class":78},[60,147233,82],{"class":74},[60,147235,54060],{"class":78},[60,147237,101],{"class":74},[60,147239,147240,147242,147244],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,147241,41117],{"class":66},[60,147243,71],{"class":70},[60,147245,38446],{"class":78},[60,147247,147248],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,147249,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,147251,147252,147254,147256,147258,147260],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,147253,1702],{"class":1537},[60,147255,6328],{"class":66},[60,147257,511],{"class":1537},[60,147259,112],{"class":66},[60,147261,1712],{"class":74},[60,147263,147264,147266,147268],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,147265,89867],{"class":66},[60,147267,89870],{"class":70},[60,147269,89873],{"class":66},[60,147271,147272],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,147273,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,147275,147276,147278,147280,147282],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,147277,135],{"class":134},[60,147279,122],{"class":74},[60,147281,41146],{"class":118},[60,147283,128],{"class":74},[20,147285,147286],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,147288,1432,147289,147291],{},[15,147290,145749],{}," is often better:",[30,147293,147294,147297,147300],{},[33,147295,147296],{},"Shorter code",[33,147298,147299],{},"Easier to read",[33,147301,147302],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,147304,147305],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[30,147307,147308,147311,147314],{},[33,147309,147310],{},"You need to skip some values",[33,147312,147313],{},"You need extra checks",[33,147315,147316],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,147318,147319,147320,147323,147324,147326],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[260,147321,147322],{"href":39942},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,147325,145749],{}," on the filtered result.",[46,147328,1351],{"id":1350},[20,147330,147331,147332,166],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,147333,145749],{},[30,147335,147336,147342,147349,147356],{},[33,147337,147338,147339],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,147340,147341],{},"sum(5)",[33,147343,147344,147345,147348],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,147346,147347],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[33,147350,8356,147351,147353,147354],{},[15,147352,145749],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,147355,133197],{},[33,147357,147358],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,147360,8810,147361,147363],{},[15,147362,145749],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[51,147365,147367],{"className":53,"code":147366,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,147368,147369,147379,147393,147417],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,147370,147371,147373,147375,147377],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,147372,135],{"class":134},[60,147374,122],{"class":74},[60,147376,706],{"class":118},[60,147378,128],{"class":74},[60,147380,147381,147383,147385,147387,147389,147391],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,147382,135],{"class":134},[60,147384,122],{"class":74},[60,147386,1657],{"class":1656},[60,147388,122],{"class":74},[60,147390,706],{"class":118},[60,147392,315],{"class":74},[60,147394,147395,147397,147399,147401,147403,147405,147407,147409,147411,147413,147415],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,147396,135],{"class":134},[60,147398,835],{"class":74},[60,147400,1657],{"class":1656},[60,147402,122],{"class":74},[60,147404,2139],{"class":118},[60,147406,143],{"class":74},[60,147408,3832],{"class":1537},[60,147410,3835],{"class":118},[60,147412,511],{"class":1537},[60,147414,3840],{"class":118},[60,147416,1193],{"class":74},[60,147418,147419,147421,147423,147425,147427,147429,147431,147433,147435,147437,147439,147441,147443],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,147420,135],{"class":134},[60,147422,122],{"class":74},[60,147424,145872],{"class":134},[60,147426,835],{"class":74},[60,147428,345],{"class":1656},[60,147430,122],{"class":74},[60,147432,2139],{"class":118},[60,147434,143],{"class":74},[60,147436,3832],{"class":1537},[60,147438,3835],{"class":118},[60,147440,511],{"class":1537},[60,147442,3840],{"class":118},[60,147444,2958],{"class":74},[20,147446,135768],{},[30,147448,147449,147455,147461,147466],{},[33,147450,147451,147454],{},[15,147452,147453],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[33,147456,147457,147460],{},[15,147458,147459],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[33,147462,147463,135790],{},[15,147464,147465],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[33,147467,147468,147471],{},[15,147469,147470],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[46,147473,1773],{"id":1772},[553,147475,5090,147477,5093],{"id":147476},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,147478,145749],{},[20,147480,147481],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[553,147483,1796,147485,147487],{"id":147484},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,147486,145749],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,147489,30202,147490,1460,147493,147496],{},[15,147491,147492],{},"''.join(...)",[15,147494,147495],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[553,147498,1796,147500,147502],{"id":147499},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,147501,145749],{}," work with floats?",[20,147504,147505],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[553,147507,147509,147510,1435],{"id":147508},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,147511,145749],{},[20,147513,147514,147515,147517],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147516,36008],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[553,147519,1821,147521,119153,147523,1435],{"id":147520},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,147522,145749],{},[15,147524,2964],{},[20,147526,147527],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[46,147529,1842],{"id":1841},[30,147531,147532,147536,147542,147548,147554,147558,147562],{},[33,147533,147534],{},[260,147535,146232],{"href":2383},[33,147537,147538],{},[260,147539,1875,147540,3471],{"href":36129},[15,147541,36132],{},[33,147543,147544],{},[260,147545,1875,147546,3471],{"href":42290},[15,147547,1878],{},[33,147549,147550],{},[260,147551,1875,147552,3471],{"href":42107},[15,147553,47614],{},[33,147555,147556],{},[260,147557,5168],{"href":39942},[33,147559,147560],{},[260,147561,3488],{"href":2922},[33,147563,147564],{},[260,147565,147143],{"href":135035},[1885,147567,147568],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":147570},[147571,147572,147574,147575,147576,147578,147586,147592,147599,147605,147606,147618],{"id":1971,"depth":104,"text":1972},{"id":145828,"depth":104,"text":147573},"What sum() does",{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199},{"id":11410,"depth":104,"text":11411},{"id":146006,"depth":104,"text":147577},"Using the start value",{"id":146108,"depth":104,"text":147579,"children":147580},"What sum() can work with",[147581,147582,147583,147585],{"id":40358,"depth":131,"text":40359},{"id":51972,"depth":131,"text":146174},{"id":146235,"depth":131,"text":147584},"Values from range()",{"id":146283,"depth":131,"text":146284},{"id":146357,"depth":104,"text":147587,"children":147588},"What sum() does not work with",[147589,147590,147591],{"id":146368,"depth":131,"text":146369},{"id":146485,"depth":131,"text":146486},{"id":146543,"depth":131,"text":146544},{"id":41437,"depth":104,"text":41438,"children":147593},[147594,147595,147596,147597],{"id":6465,"depth":131,"text":6466},{"id":146679,"depth":131,"text":146680},{"id":146827,"depth":131,"text":146828},{"id":146964,"depth":131,"text":147598},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147146,"depth":104,"text":147600,"children":147601},"sum() vs manual loop",[147602,147604],{"id":147157,"depth":131,"text":147603},"Using sum()",{"id":147211,"depth":131,"text":147212},{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":147607},[147608,147610,147612,147614,147616],{"id":147476,"depth":131,"text":147609},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147484,"depth":131,"text":147611},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147499,"depth":131,"text":147613},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147508,"depth":131,"text":147615},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147520,"depth":131,"text":147617},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145741,"description":147619},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147626,"title":147627,"body":147628,"description":149030,"extension":1930,"meta":149031,"navigation":421,"path":149032,"seo":149033,"stem":149034,"__hash__":149035},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147629,"toc":148998},[147630,147636,147642,147645,147708,147714,147719,147723,147740,147754,147758,147778,147792,147794,147887,147889,147903,147905,147908,147997,147999,148007,148016,148018,148022,148043,148045,148137,148139,148160,148162,148166,148180,148182,148256,148258,148277,148281,148284,148307,148309,148420,148427,148435,148437,148443,148446,148489,148492,148515,148523,148527,148602,148608,148633,148640,148643,148646,148650,148655,148743,148751,148755,148758,148783,148787,148848,148852,148901,148911,148913,148918,148921,148927,148930,148934,148938,148944,148947,148955,148963,148965,148995],[10,147631,147633,147634,18],{"id":147632},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,147635,17],{},[20,147637,147638,147641],{},[15,147639,147640],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,147643,147644],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[51,147646,147648],{"className":53,"code":147647,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,147649,147650,147678,147696],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,147651,147652,147654,147656,147658,147660,147662,147664,147666,147668,147670,147672,147674,147676],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,147653,67],{"class":66},[60,147655,71],{"class":70},[60,147657,9171],{"class":74},[60,147659,79],{"class":78},[60,147661,82],{"class":74},[60,147663,85],{"class":78},[60,147665,82],{"class":74},[60,147667,85],{"class":78},[60,147669,82],{"class":74},[60,147671,94],{"class":78},[60,147673,82],{"class":74},[60,147675,85],{"class":78},[60,147677,128],{"class":74},[60,147679,147680,147682,147684,147686,147688,147690,147692,147694],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,147681,107],{"class":66},[60,147683,71],{"class":70},[60,147685,112],{"class":66},[60,147687,115],{"class":74},[60,147689,119],{"class":118},[60,147691,122],{"class":74},[60,147693,125],{"class":78},[60,147695,128],{"class":74},[60,147697,147698,147700,147702,147704,147706],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,147699,135],{"class":134},[60,147701,122],{"class":74},[60,147703,140],{"class":118},[60,147705,143],{"class":74},[60,147707,147],{"class":146},[20,147709,150,147710,147713],{},[15,147711,147712],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[46,147715,158,147717,161],{"id":147716},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,147718,147640],{},[20,147720,147721,166],{},[15,147722,147712],{},[30,147724,147725,147731,147734,147737],{},[33,147726,147727,147728,147730],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,147729,221],{}," appears in the tuple",[33,147732,147733],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[33,147735,147736],{},"Returns an integer",[33,147738,147739],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,147741,147742,147743,147745,147746,1460,147750,115],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,147744,17],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[260,147747,147749],{"href":147748},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[260,147751,147753],{"href":147752},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[46,147755,147757],{"id":147756},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[51,147759,147761],{"className":53,"code":147760,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,147762,147763],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,147764,147765,147768,147770,147772,147774,147776],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,147766,147767],{"class":66},"my_tuple",[60,147769,115],{"class":74},[60,147771,119],{"class":118},[60,147773,122],{"class":74},[60,147775,221],{"class":118},[60,147777,128],{"class":74},[30,147779,147780,147784,147787],{},[33,147781,147782,235],{},[15,147783,221],{},[33,147785,147786],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[33,147788,147789,147790],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,147791,195],{},[553,147793,102868],{"id":102867},[51,147795,147797],{"className":53,"code":147796,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,147798,147799,147839,147863],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,147800,147801,147803,147805,147807,147809,147811,147813,147815,147817,147819,147821,147823,147825,147827,147829,147831,147833,147835,147837],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,147802,377],{"class":66},[60,147804,71],{"class":70},[60,147806,9171],{"class":74},[60,147808,256],{"class":255},[60,147810,386],{"class":259},[60,147812,256],{"class":255},[60,147814,82],{"class":74},[60,147816,267],{"class":255},[60,147818,395],{"class":259},[60,147820,256],{"class":255},[60,147822,82],{"class":74},[60,147824,267],{"class":255},[60,147826,386],{"class":259},[60,147828,256],{"class":255},[60,147830,82],{"class":74},[60,147832,267],{"class":255},[60,147834,404],{"class":259},[60,147836,256],{"class":255},[60,147838,128],{"class":74},[60,147840,147841,147843,147845,147847,147849,147851,147853,147855,147857,147859,147861],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,147842,135],{"class":134},[60,147844,122],{"class":74},[60,147846,431],{"class":118},[60,147848,115],{"class":74},[60,147850,119],{"class":118},[60,147852,122],{"class":74},[60,147854,256],{"class":255},[60,147856,386],{"class":259},[60,147858,256],{"class":255},[60,147860,446],{"class":74},[60,147862,449],{"class":146},[60,147864,147865,147867,147869,147871,147873,147875,147877,147879,147881,147883,147885],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,147866,135],{"class":134},[60,147868,122],{"class":74},[60,147870,431],{"class":118},[60,147872,115],{"class":74},[60,147874,119],{"class":118},[60,147876,122],{"class":74},[60,147878,256],{"class":255},[60,147880,495],{"class":259},[60,147882,256],{"class":255},[60,147884,446],{"class":74},[60,147886,1429],{"class":146},[20,147888,19891],{},[30,147890,147891,147896],{},[33,147892,147893,147895],{},[15,147894,65152],{}," appears 2 times",[33,147897,147898,147900,147901],{},[15,147899,109564],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,147902,195],{},[46,147904,11411],{"id":11410},[20,147906,147907],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[51,147909,147911],{"className":53,"code":147910,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,147912,147913,147961,147965,147987],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,147914,147915,147917,147919,147921,147923,147925,147927,147929,147931,147933,147935,147937,147939,147941,147943,147945,147947,147949,147951,147953,147955,147957,147959],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,147916,36173],{"class":66},[60,147918,71],{"class":70},[60,147920,9171],{"class":74},[60,147922,256],{"class":255},[60,147924,575],{"class":259},[60,147926,256],{"class":255},[60,147928,82],{"class":74},[60,147930,267],{"class":255},[60,147932,1392],{"class":259},[60,147934,256],{"class":255},[60,147936,82],{"class":74},[60,147938,267],{"class":255},[60,147940,575],{"class":259},[60,147942,256],{"class":255},[60,147944,82],{"class":74},[60,147946,267],{"class":255},[60,147948,33154],{"class":259},[60,147950,256],{"class":255},[60,147952,82],{"class":74},[60,147954,267],{"class":255},[60,147956,575],{"class":259},[60,147958,256],{"class":255},[60,147960,128],{"class":74},[60,147962,147963],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,147964,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,147966,147967,147969,147971,147973,147975,147977,147979,147981,147983,147985],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,147968,107],{"class":66},[60,147970,71],{"class":70},[60,147972,52777],{"class":66},[60,147974,115],{"class":74},[60,147976,119],{"class":118},[60,147978,122],{"class":74},[60,147980,256],{"class":255},[60,147982,575],{"class":259},[60,147984,256],{"class":255},[60,147986,128],{"class":74},[60,147988,147989,147991,147993,147995],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,147990,135],{"class":134},[60,147992,122],{"class":74},[60,147994,140],{"class":118},[60,147996,128],{"class":74},[20,147998,318],{},[51,148000,148001],{"className":53,"code":931,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,148002,148003],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,148004,148005],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,148006,931],{"class":78},[20,148008,148009,148011,148012,2361,148014,115],{},[15,148010,652],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,148013,17],{},[15,148015,189],{},[46,148017,336],{"id":335},[20,148019,339,148020,128503],{},[15,148021,17],{},[30,148023,148024,148029,148034,148037],{},[33,148025,11359,148026,148028],{},[15,148027,195],{}," when the value does not exist",[33,148030,11359,148031,148033],{},[15,148032,79],{}," when the value appears once",[33,148035,148036],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[33,148038,148039,148040,148042],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,148041,6939],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,148044,238],{},[51,148046,148048],{"className":53,"code":148047,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,148049,148050,148091,148095,148122],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,148051,148052,148055,148057,148059,148061,148063,148065,148067,148069,148071,148073,148075,148077,148079,148081,148083,148085,148087,148089],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,148053,148054],{"class":66},"answers ",[60,148056,71],{"class":70},[60,148058,9171],{"class":74},[60,148060,256],{"class":255},[60,148062,1263],{"class":259},[60,148064,256],{"class":255},[60,148066,82],{"class":74},[60,148068,267],{"class":255},[60,148070,1272],{"class":259},[60,148072,256],{"class":255},[60,148074,82],{"class":74},[60,148076,267],{"class":255},[60,148078,1263],{"class":259},[60,148080,256],{"class":255},[60,148082,82],{"class":74},[60,148084,267],{"class":255},[60,148086,1263],{"class":259},[60,148088,256],{"class":255},[60,148090,128],{"class":74},[60,148092,148093],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,148094,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,148096,148097,148099,148102,148104,148106,148108,148110,148112,148114,148116,148118,148120],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,148098,6939],{"class":1537},[60,148100,148101],{"class":66}," answers",[60,148103,115],{"class":74},[60,148105,119],{"class":118},[60,148107,122],{"class":74},[60,148109,256],{"class":255},[60,148111,1263],{"class":259},[60,148113,256],{"class":255},[60,148115,143],{"class":74},[60,148117,38329],{"class":70},[60,148119,695],{"class":78},[60,148121,1712],{"class":74},[60,148123,148124,148126,148128,148130,148133,148135],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,148125,1718],{"class":134},[60,148127,122],{"class":74},[60,148129,256],{"class":255},[60,148131,148132],{"class":259},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[60,148134,256],{"class":255},[60,148136,128],{"class":74},[20,148138,318],{},[51,148140,148142],{"className":53,"code":148141,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,148143,148144],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,148145,148146,148149,148151,148153,148155,148158],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,148147,148148],{"class":66},"The answer ",[60,148150,3261],{"class":255},[60,148152,1263],{"class":259},[60,148154,3261],{"class":255},[60,148156,148157],{"class":66}," appears more than once",[60,148159,122147],{"class":74},[46,148161,40980],{"id":40979},[20,148163,35340,148164,104331],{},[15,148165,147640],{},[30,148167,148168,148171,148174,148177],{},[33,148169,148170],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[33,148172,148173],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[33,148175,148176],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[33,148178,148179],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,148181,238],{},[51,148183,148185],{"className":53,"code":148184,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,148186,148187,148215,148219,148241],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,148188,148189,148191,148193,148195,148197,148199,148201,148203,148205,148207,148209,148211,148213],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,148190,5011],{"class":66},[60,148192,71],{"class":70},[60,148194,9171],{"class":74},[60,148196,873],{"class":78},[60,148198,82],{"class":74},[60,148200,878],{"class":78},[60,148202,82],{"class":74},[60,148204,883],{"class":78},[60,148206,82],{"class":74},[60,148208,888],{"class":78},[60,148210,82],{"class":74},[60,148212,883],{"class":78},[60,148214,128],{"class":74},[60,148216,148217],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,148218,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,148220,148221,148223,148225,148227,148229,148231,148233,148235,148237,148239],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,148222,6939],{"class":1537},[60,148224,5058],{"class":66},[60,148226,115],{"class":74},[60,148228,119],{"class":118},[60,148230,122],{"class":74},[60,148232,873],{"class":78},[60,148234,143],{"class":74},[60,148236,51215],{"class":70},[60,148238,85],{"class":78},[60,148240,1712],{"class":74},[60,148242,148243,148245,148247,148249,148252,148254],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,148244,1718],{"class":134},[60,148246,122],{"class":74},[60,148248,256],{"class":255},[60,148250,148251],{"class":259},"The score 10 is repeated.",[60,148253,256],{"class":255},[60,148255,128],{"class":74},[20,148257,318],{},[51,148259,148261],{"className":53,"code":148260,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,148262,148263],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,148264,148265,148268,148270,148272,148275],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,148266,148267],{"class":66},"The score ",[60,148269,873],{"class":78},[60,148271,8036],{"class":70},[60,148273,148274],{"class":66}," repeated",[60,148276,122147],{"class":74},[46,148278,148280],{"id":148279},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,148282,148283],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[30,148285,148286,148292,148297,148300],{},[33,148287,148288,148289,148291],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,148290,17],{}," still works because it only reads data",[33,148293,148294,148296],{},[15,148295,17],{}," counts exact matches",[33,148298,148299],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[33,148301,148302,544,148304,148306],{},[15,148303,79],{},[15,148305,42090],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,148308,238],{},[51,148310,148312],{"className":53,"code":148311,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,148313,148314,148348,148352,148372,148396],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,148315,148316,148318,148320,148322,148324,148326,148329,148331,148333,148336,148338,148340,148342,148344,148346],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,148317,674],{"class":66},[60,148319,71],{"class":70},[60,148321,9171],{"class":74},[60,148323,79],{"class":78},[60,148325,82],{"class":74},[60,148327,148328],{"class":78}," 1.0",[60,148330,82],{"class":74},[60,148332,267],{"class":255},[60,148334,148335],{"class":259},"Cat",[60,148337,256],{"class":255},[60,148339,82],{"class":74},[60,148341,267],{"class":255},[60,148343,959],{"class":259},[60,148345,256],{"class":255},[60,148347,128],{"class":74},[60,148349,148350],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,148351,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,148353,148354,148356,148358,148360,148362,148364,148366,148368,148370],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,148355,135],{"class":134},[60,148357,122],{"class":74},[60,148359,706],{"class":118},[60,148361,115],{"class":74},[60,148363,119],{"class":118},[60,148365,122],{"class":74},[60,148367,79],{"class":78},[60,148369,446],{"class":74},[60,148371,51022],{"class":146},[60,148373,148374,148376,148378,148380,148382,148384,148386,148388,148390,148392,148394],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,148375,135],{"class":134},[60,148377,122],{"class":74},[60,148379,706],{"class":118},[60,148381,115],{"class":74},[60,148383,119],{"class":118},[60,148385,122],{"class":74},[60,148387,256],{"class":255},[60,148389,148335],{"class":259},[60,148391,256],{"class":255},[60,148393,446],{"class":74},[60,148395,647],{"class":146},[60,148397,148398,148400,148402,148404,148406,148408,148410,148412,148414,148416,148418],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,148399,135],{"class":134},[60,148401,122],{"class":74},[60,148403,706],{"class":118},[60,148405,115],{"class":74},[60,148407,119],{"class":118},[60,148409,122],{"class":74},[60,148411,256],{"class":255},[60,148413,959],{"class":259},[60,148415,256],{"class":255},[60,148417,446],{"class":74},[60,148419,647],{"class":146},[20,148421,1821,148422,5108,148425,1435],{},[15,148423,148424],{},"values.count(1)",[15,148426,125],{},[20,148428,1829,148429,4733,148432,148434],{},[15,148430,148431],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,148433,547],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[46,148436,1351],{"id":1350},[553,148438,8356,148440,148442],{"id":148439},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,148441,119],{}," without parentheses",[20,148444,148445],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[51,148447,148449],{"className":53,"code":148448,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,148450,148451,148475],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,148452,148453,148455,148457,148459,148461,148463,148465,148467,148469,148471,148473],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,148454,67],{"class":66},[60,148456,71],{"class":70},[60,148458,9171],{"class":74},[60,148460,79],{"class":78},[60,148462,82],{"class":74},[60,148464,85],{"class":78},[60,148466,82],{"class":74},[60,148468,85],{"class":78},[60,148470,82],{"class":74},[60,148472,94],{"class":78},[60,148474,128],{"class":74},[60,148476,148477,148479,148481,148483,148485,148487],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,148478,135],{"class":134},[60,148480,122],{"class":74},[60,148482,1506],{"class":118},[60,148484,115],{"class":74},[60,148486,119],{"class":24682},[60,148488,128],{"class":74},[20,148490,148491],{},"To call the method correctly:",[51,148493,148495],{"className":53,"code":148494,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,148496,148497],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,148498,148499,148501,148503,148505,148507,148509,148511,148513],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,148500,135],{"class":134},[60,148502,122],{"class":74},[60,148504,1506],{"class":118},[60,148506,115],{"class":74},[60,148508,119],{"class":118},[60,148510,122],{"class":74},[60,148512,125],{"class":78},[60,148514,315],{"class":74},[553,148516,1454,148517,1457,148519,1460,148521],{"id":1453},[15,148518,17],{},[15,148520,547],{},[15,148522,1463],{},[20,148524,148525,1468],{},[15,148526,17],{},[51,148528,148530],{"className":53,"code":148529,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,148531,148532,148564,148586,148590],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,148533,148534,148536,148538,148540,148542,148544,148546,148548,148550,148552,148554,148556,148558,148560,148562],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,148535,248],{"class":66},[60,148537,71],{"class":70},[60,148539,9171],{"class":74},[60,148541,256],{"class":255},[60,148543,260],{"class":259},[60,148545,256],{"class":255},[60,148547,82],{"class":74},[60,148549,267],{"class":255},[60,148551,270],{"class":259},[60,148553,256],{"class":255},[60,148555,82],{"class":74},[60,148557,267],{"class":255},[60,148559,260],{"class":259},[60,148561,256],{"class":255},[60,148563,128],{"class":74},[60,148565,148566,148568,148570,148572,148574,148576,148578,148580,148582,148584],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,148567,107],{"class":66},[60,148569,71],{"class":70},[60,148571,69856],{"class":66},[60,148573,115],{"class":74},[60,148575,119],{"class":118},[60,148577,122],{"class":74},[60,148579,256],{"class":255},[60,148581,260],{"class":259},[60,148583,256],{"class":255},[60,148585,128],{"class":74},[60,148587,148588],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,148589,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,148591,148592,148594,148596,148598,148600],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,148593,135],{"class":134},[60,148595,122],{"class":74},[60,148597,140],{"class":118},[60,148599,143],{"class":74},[60,148601,622],{"class":146},[20,148603,148604,148605,148607],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,148606,511],{}," is often simpler:",[51,148609,148611],{"className":53,"code":148610,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,148612,148613],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,148614,148615,148617,148619,148621,148623,148625,148627,148629,148631],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,148616,135],{"class":134},[60,148618,122],{"class":74},[60,148620,256],{"class":255},[60,148622,260],{"class":259},[60,148624,256],{"class":255},[60,148626,1538],{"class":1537},[60,148628,69856],{"class":118},[60,148630,143],{"class":74},[60,148632,1545],{"class":146},[553,148634,37138,148636,8640,148638],{"id":148635},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,148637,147640],{},[15,148639,24],{},[20,148641,148642],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,148644,148645],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[553,148647,148649],{"id":148648},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,148651,148652,148654],{},[15,148653,17],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[51,148656,148658],{"className":53,"code":148657,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,148659,148660,148693,148719],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,148661,148662,148664,148666,148668,148670,148672,148674,148676,148678,148681,148683,148685,148687,148689,148691],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,148663,566],{"class":66},[60,148665,71],{"class":70},[60,148667,9171],{"class":74},[60,148669,256],{"class":255},[60,148671,575],{"class":259},[60,148673,256],{"class":255},[60,148675,82],{"class":74},[60,148677,267],{"class":255},[60,148679,148680],{"class":259},"pineapple",[60,148682,256],{"class":255},[60,148684,82],{"class":74},[60,148686,267],{"class":255},[60,148688,575],{"class":259},[60,148690,256],{"class":255},[60,148692,128],{"class":74},[60,148694,148695,148697,148699,148701,148703,148705,148707,148709,148712,148714,148716],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,148696,135],{"class":134},[60,148698,122],{"class":74},[60,148700,605],{"class":118},[60,148702,115],{"class":74},[60,148704,119],{"class":118},[60,148706,122],{"class":74},[60,148708,256],{"class":255},[60,148710,148711],{"class":259},"app",[60,148713,256],{"class":255},[60,148715,446],{"class":74},[60,148717,148718],{"class":146},"    # 0\n",[60,148720,148721,148723,148725,148727,148729,148731,148733,148735,148737,148739,148741],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,148722,135],{"class":134},[60,148724,122],{"class":74},[60,148726,605],{"class":118},[60,148728,115],{"class":74},[60,148730,119],{"class":118},[60,148732,122],{"class":74},[60,148734,256],{"class":255},[60,148736,575],{"class":259},[60,148738,256],{"class":255},[60,148740,446],{"class":74},[60,148742,622],{"class":146},[20,148744,148745,148748,148749,115],{},[15,148746,148747],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,148750,195],{},[46,148752,148754],{"id":148753},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,148756,148757],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[30,148759,148760,148765,148774,148780],{},[33,148761,150,148762,148764],{},[15,148763,511],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[33,148766,150,148767,148773],{},[260,148768,148770,148771],{"href":148769},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,148772,1868],{}," to find the position of a value",[33,148775,150,148776,148779],{},[15,148777,148778],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[33,148781,148782],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,148784,45972,148785,166],{},[15,148786,511],{},[51,148788,148790],{"className":53,"code":148789,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,148791,148792,148812,148816,148832],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,148793,148794,148796,148798,148800,148802,148804,148806,148808,148810],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,148795,67],{"class":66},[60,148797,71],{"class":70},[60,148799,9171],{"class":74},[60,148801,2465],{"class":78},[60,148803,82],{"class":74},[60,148805,5938],{"class":78},[60,148807,82],{"class":74},[60,148809,54060],{"class":78},[60,148811,128],{"class":74},[60,148813,148814],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,148815,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,148817,148818,148820,148822,148824,148826,148828,148830],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,148819,135],{"class":134},[60,148821,122],{"class":74},[60,148823,1994],{"class":78},[60,148825,1538],{"class":1537},[60,148827,112],{"class":118},[60,148829,143],{"class":74},[60,148831,43786],{"class":146},[60,148833,148834,148836,148838,148840,148842,148844,148846],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,148835,135],{"class":134},[60,148837,122],{"class":74},[60,148839,1086],{"class":78},[60,148841,1538],{"class":1537},[60,148843,112],{"class":118},[60,148845,143],{"class":74},[60,148847,43803],{"class":146},[20,148849,45972,148850,166],{},[15,148851,1868],{},[51,148853,148855],{"className":53,"code":148854,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,148856,148857,148881],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,148858,148859,148861,148863,148865,148867,148869,148871,148873,148875,148877,148879],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,148860,67],{"class":66},[60,148862,71],{"class":70},[60,148864,9171],{"class":74},[60,148866,2465],{"class":78},[60,148868,82],{"class":74},[60,148870,5938],{"class":78},[60,148872,82],{"class":74},[60,148874,54060],{"class":78},[60,148876,82],{"class":74},[60,148878,5938],{"class":78},[60,148880,128],{"class":74},[60,148882,148883,148885,148887,148889,148891,148893,148895,148897,148899],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,148884,135],{"class":134},[60,148886,122],{"class":74},[60,148888,1506],{"class":118},[60,148890,115],{"class":74},[60,148892,35781],{"class":118},[60,148894,122],{"class":74},[60,148896,1994],{"class":78},[60,148898,446],{"class":74},[60,148900,647],{"class":146},[20,148902,148903,148905,148906,148908,148910],{},[15,148904,17],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[9781,148907],{},[15,148909,1868],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[46,148912,1773],{"id":1772},[553,148914,5090,148916,5093],{"id":148915},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,148917,147640],{},[20,148919,148920],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[553,148922,1777,148924,148926],{"id":148923},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,148925,147640],{}," change the tuple?",[20,148928,148929],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[553,148931,148933],{"id":148932},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,148935,1790,148936,115],{},[15,148937,195],{},[553,148939,1796,148941,148943],{"id":148940},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,148942,147640],{}," count strings?",[20,148945,148946],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[553,148948,5126,148950,544,148952,1435],{"id":148949},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,148951,147640],{},[15,148953,148954],{},"tuple.index()",[20,148956,148957,148959,148960,148962],{},[15,148958,17],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,148961,1868],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[46,148964,1842],{"id":1841},[30,148966,148967,148971,148976,148983,148991],{},[33,148968,148969],{},[260,148970,147749],{"href":147748},[33,148972,148973],{},[260,148974,148975],{"href":147752},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[33,148977,148978],{},[260,148979,148980,148981,1869],{"href":148769},"Python tuple ",[15,148982,1868],{},[33,148984,148985],{},[260,148986,148988,148989],{"href":148987},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,148990,1878],{},[33,148992,148993],{},[260,148994,1854],{"href":1853},[1885,148996,148997],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":148999},[149000,149002,149005,149006,149007,149008,149009,149017,149018,149029],{"id":147716,"depth":104,"text":149001},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147756,"depth":104,"text":147757,"children":149003},[149004],{"id":102867,"depth":131,"text":102868},{"id":11410,"depth":104,"text":11411},{"id":335,"depth":104,"text":336},{"id":40979,"depth":104,"text":40980},{"id":148279,"depth":104,"text":148280},{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351,"children":149010},[149011,149013,149014,149016],{"id":148439,"depth":131,"text":149012},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":1453,"depth":131,"text":1913},{"id":148635,"depth":131,"text":149015},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148648,"depth":131,"text":148649},{"id":148753,"depth":104,"text":148754},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":149019},[149020,149022,149024,149025,149027],{"id":148915,"depth":131,"text":149021},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":148923,"depth":131,"text":149023},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":148932,"depth":131,"text":148933},{"id":148940,"depth":131,"text":149026},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":148949,"depth":131,"text":149028},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147627,"description":149030},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149037,"title":149038,"body":149039,"description":150726,"extension":1930,"meta":150727,"navigation":421,"path":150728,"seo":150729,"stem":150730,"__hash__":150731},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149040,"toc":150689},[149041,149044,149047,149056,149058,149188,149190,149251,149257,149259,149279,149283,149286,149289,149324,149326,149347,149350,149389,149391,149416,149423,149427,149430,149467,149469,149492,149495,149498,149510,149516,149520,149523,149529,149570,149572,149595,149598,149639,149641,149668,149670,149687,149689,149706,149709,149713,149716,149718,149752,149754,149801,149805,149844,149848,149851,149908,149910,149951,149957,149963,149968,149970,150007,150009,150029,150031,150064,150066,150099,150102,150106,150139,150141,150166,150169,150171,150185,150192,150194,150197,150201,150204,150239,150242,150277,150281,150284,150323,150326,150365,150369,150371,150401,150404,150411,150413,150445,150448,150480,150483,150514,150516,150533,150537,150540,150604,150606,150610,150617,150621,150624,150628,150631,150635,150638,150643,150649,150651,150686],[10,149042,149038],{"id":149043},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,149045,149046],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,149048,149049,149050,1460,149054,115],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[260,149051,149053],{"href":149052},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[260,149055,147749],{"href":147748},[46,149057,1972],{"id":1971},[51,149059,149061],{"className":53,"code":149060,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,149062,149063,149083,149092,149106,149142,149146,149156,149166,149177],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,149064,149065,149067,149069,149071,149073,149075,149077,149079,149081],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,149066,67],{"class":66},[60,149068,71],{"class":70},[60,149070,9171],{"class":74},[60,149072,79],{"class":78},[60,149074,82],{"class":74},[60,149076,85],{"class":78},[60,149078,82],{"class":74},[60,149080,94],{"class":78},[60,149082,128],{"class":74},[60,149084,149085,149087,149089],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,149086,124613],{"class":66},[60,149088,71],{"class":70},[60,149090,149091],{"class":74}," ()\n",[60,149093,149094,149097,149099,149101,149103],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,149095,149096],{"class":66},"one_item ",[60,149098,71],{"class":70},[60,149100,9171],{"class":74},[60,149102,1086],{"class":78},[60,149104,149105],{"class":74},",)\n",[60,149107,149108,149111,149113,149116,149118,149120,149122,149124,149126,149128,149130,149132,149134,149136,149138,149140],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,149109,149110],{"class":66},"from_list ",[60,149112,71],{"class":70},[60,149114,149115],{"class":1656}," tuple",[60,149117,835],{"class":74},[60,149119,256],{"class":255},[60,149121,260],{"class":259},[60,149123,256],{"class":255},[60,149125,82],{"class":74},[60,149127,267],{"class":255},[60,149129,270],{"class":259},[60,149131,256],{"class":255},[60,149133,82],{"class":74},[60,149135,267],{"class":255},[60,149137,287],{"class":259},[60,149139,256],{"class":255},[60,149141,1193],{"class":74},[60,149143,149144],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,149145,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,149147,149148,149150,149152,149154],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,149149,135],{"class":134},[60,149151,122],{"class":74},[60,149153,1506],{"class":118},[60,149155,128],{"class":74},[60,149157,149158,149160,149162,149164],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,149159,135],{"class":134},[60,149161,122],{"class":74},[60,149163,124664],{"class":118},[60,149165,128],{"class":74},[60,149167,149168,149170,149172,149175],{"class":62,"line":6367},[60,149169,135],{"class":134},[60,149171,122],{"class":74},[60,149173,149174],{"class":118},"one_item",[60,149176,128],{"class":74},[60,149178,149179,149181,149183,149186],{"class":62,"line":6373},[60,149180,135],{"class":134},[60,149182,122],{"class":74},[60,149184,149185],{"class":118},"from_list",[60,149187,128],{"class":74},[20,149189,318],{},[51,149191,149193],{"className":53,"code":149192,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149194,149195,149211,149215,149223],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,149196,149197,149199,149201,149203,149205,149207,149209],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,149198,122],{"class":74},[60,149200,79],{"class":78},[60,149202,82],{"class":74},[60,149204,85],{"class":78},[60,149206,82],{"class":74},[60,149208,94],{"class":78},[60,149210,128],{"class":74},[60,149212,149213],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,149214,8579],{"class":74},[60,149216,149217,149219,149221],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,149218,122],{"class":74},[60,149220,1086],{"class":78},[60,149222,149105],{"class":74},[60,149224,149225,149227,149229,149231,149233,149235,149237,149239,149241,149243,149245,149247,149249],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,149226,122],{"class":74},[60,149228,3261],{"class":255},[60,149230,260],{"class":259},[60,149232,3261],{"class":255},[60,149234,82],{"class":74},[60,149236,3256],{"class":255},[60,149238,270],{"class":259},[60,149240,3261],{"class":255},[60,149242,82],{"class":74},[60,149244,3256],{"class":255},[60,149246,287],{"class":259},[60,149248,3261],{"class":255},[60,149250,128],{"class":74},[20,149252,149253,149254,115],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,149255,149256],{},"(5,)",[46,149258,15097],{"id":15096},[30,149260,149261,149264,149267,149270,149273,149276],{},[33,149262,149263],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[33,149265,149266],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[33,149268,149269],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[33,149271,149272],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[33,149274,149275],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[33,149277,149278],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[46,149280,149282],{"id":149281},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,149284,149285],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,149287,149288],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[51,149290,149292],{"className":53,"code":149291,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149293,149294,149314],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,149295,149296,149298,149300,149302,149304,149306,149308,149310,149312],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,149297,67],{"class":66},[60,149299,71],{"class":70},[60,149301,9171],{"class":74},[60,149303,79],{"class":78},[60,149305,82],{"class":74},[60,149307,85],{"class":78},[60,149309,82],{"class":74},[60,149311,94],{"class":78},[60,149313,128],{"class":74},[60,149315,149316,149318,149320,149322],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,149317,135],{"class":134},[60,149319,122],{"class":74},[60,149321,1506],{"class":118},[60,149323,128],{"class":74},[20,149325,318],{},[51,149327,149329],{"className":53,"code":149328,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149330,149331],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,149332,149333,149335,149337,149339,149341,149343,149345],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,149334,122],{"class":74},[60,149336,79],{"class":78},[60,149338,82],{"class":74},[60,149340,85],{"class":78},[60,149342,82],{"class":74},[60,149344,94],{"class":78},[60,149346,128],{"class":74},[20,149348,149349],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[51,149351,149353],{"className":53,"code":149352,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,149354,149355,149379],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,149356,149357,149359,149361,149363,149365,149367,149369,149371,149373,149375,149377],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,149358,1127],{"class":66},[60,149360,71],{"class":70},[60,149362,9171],{"class":74},[60,149364,79],{"class":78},[60,149366,82],{"class":74},[60,149368,267],{"class":255},[60,149370,575],{"class":259},[60,149372,256],{"class":255},[60,149374,82],{"class":74},[60,149376,686],{"class":685},[60,149378,128],{"class":74},[60,149380,149381,149383,149385,149387],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,149382,135],{"class":134},[60,149384,122],{"class":74},[60,149386,9139],{"class":118},[60,149388,128],{"class":74},[20,149390,318],{},[51,149392,149394],{"className":53,"code":149393,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,149395,149396],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,149397,149398,149400,149402,149404,149406,149408,149410,149412,149414],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,149399,122],{"class":74},[60,149401,79],{"class":78},[60,149403,82],{"class":74},[60,149405,3256],{"class":255},[60,149407,575],{"class":259},[60,149409,3261],{"class":255},[60,149411,82],{"class":74},[60,149413,686],{"class":685},[60,149415,128],{"class":74},[20,149417,149418,149419,115],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[260,149420,149422],{"href":149421},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[46,149424,149426],{"id":149425},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,149428,149429],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[51,149431,149433],{"className":53,"code":149432,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,149434,149435,149443,149453],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,149436,149437,149439,149441],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,149438,124613],{"class":66},[60,149440,71],{"class":70},[60,149442,149091],{"class":74},[60,149444,149445,149447,149449,149451],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,149446,135],{"class":134},[60,149448,122],{"class":74},[60,149450,124664],{"class":118},[60,149452,128],{"class":74},[60,149454,149455,149457,149459,149461,149463,149465],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,149456,135],{"class":134},[60,149458,122],{"class":74},[60,149460,1657],{"class":1656},[60,149462,122],{"class":74},[60,149464,124664],{"class":118},[60,149466,315],{"class":74},[20,149468,318],{},[51,149470,149472],{"className":53,"code":149471,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149473,149474,149478],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,149475,149476],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,149477,8579],{"class":74},[60,149479,149480,149482,149484,149486,149488,149490],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,149481,3250],{"class":70},[60,149483,3253],{"class":2033},[60,149485,3256],{"class":255},[60,149487,48884],{"class":259},[60,149489,3261],{"class":255},[60,149491,3264],{"class":70},[20,149493,149494],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,149496,149497],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[30,149499,149500,149505],{},[33,149501,149502,149503],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,149504,7308],{},[33,149506,149507,149508],{},"Empty list: ",[15,149509,3743],{},[20,149511,149512,149513,115],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[260,149514,149515],{"href":57075},"Python list: creating a list",[46,149517,149519],{"id":149518},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,149521,149522],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,149524,149525,149526,149528],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[3698,149527,4581],{}," automatically a tuple:",[51,149530,149532],{"className":53,"code":149531,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149533,149534,149546,149556],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,149535,149536,149538,149540,149542,149544],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,149537,1690],{"class":66},[60,149539,71],{"class":70},[60,149541,9171],{"class":74},[60,149543,1086],{"class":78},[60,149545,128],{"class":74},[60,149547,149548,149550,149552,149554],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,149549,135],{"class":134},[60,149551,122],{"class":74},[60,149553,221],{"class":118},[60,149555,128],{"class":74},[60,149557,149558,149560,149562,149564,149566,149568],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,149559,135],{"class":134},[60,149561,122],{"class":74},[60,149563,1657],{"class":1656},[60,149565,122],{"class":74},[60,149567,221],{"class":118},[60,149569,315],{"class":74},[20,149571,318],{},[51,149573,149575],{"className":53,"code":149574,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149576,149577,149581],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,149578,149579],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,149580,2907],{"class":78},[60,149582,149583,149585,149587,149589,149591,149593],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,149584,3250],{"class":70},[60,149586,3253],{"class":2033},[60,149588,3256],{"class":255},[60,149590,345],{"class":259},[60,149592,3261],{"class":255},[60,149594,3264],{"class":70},[20,149596,149597],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[51,149599,149601],{"className":53,"code":149600,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149602,149603,149615,149625],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,149604,149605,149607,149609,149611,149613],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,149606,149096],{"class":66},[60,149608,71],{"class":70},[60,149610,9171],{"class":74},[60,149612,1086],{"class":78},[60,149614,149105],{"class":74},[60,149616,149617,149619,149621,149623],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,149618,135],{"class":134},[60,149620,122],{"class":74},[60,149622,149174],{"class":118},[60,149624,128],{"class":74},[60,149626,149627,149629,149631,149633,149635,149637],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,149628,135],{"class":134},[60,149630,122],{"class":74},[60,149632,1657],{"class":1656},[60,149634,122],{"class":74},[60,149636,149174],{"class":118},[60,149638,315],{"class":74},[20,149640,318],{},[51,149642,149644],{"className":53,"code":149643,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149645,149646,149654],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,149647,149648,149650,149652],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,149649,122],{"class":74},[60,149651,1086],{"class":78},[60,149653,149105],{"class":74},[60,149655,149656,149658,149660,149662,149664,149666],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,149657,3250],{"class":70},[60,149659,3253],{"class":2033},[60,149661,3256],{"class":255},[60,149663,48884],{"class":259},[60,149665,3261],{"class":255},[60,149667,3264],{"class":70},[20,149669,16591],{},[51,149671,149673],{"className":53,"code":149672,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,149674,149675],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,149676,149677,149679,149681,149683,149685],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,149678,122],{"class":74},[60,149680,256],{"class":255},[60,149682,575],{"class":259},[60,149684,256],{"class":255},[60,149686,149105],{"class":74},[20,149688,16579],{},[51,149690,149692],{"className":53,"code":149691,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,149693,149694],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,149695,149696,149698,149700,149702,149704],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,149697,122],{"class":74},[60,149699,256],{"class":255},[60,149701,575],{"class":259},[60,149703,256],{"class":255},[60,149705,128],{"class":74},[20,149707,149708],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[46,149710,149712],{"id":149711},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,149714,149715],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[553,149717,56383],{"id":1506},[51,149719,149720],{"className":53,"code":149291,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,149721,149722,149742],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,149723,149724,149726,149728,149730,149732,149734,149736,149738,149740],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,149725,67],{"class":66},[60,149727,71],{"class":70},[60,149729,9171],{"class":74},[60,149731,79],{"class":78},[60,149733,82],{"class":74},[60,149735,85],{"class":78},[60,149737,82],{"class":74},[60,149739,94],{"class":78},[60,149741,128],{"class":74},[60,149743,149744,149746,149748,149750],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,149745,135],{"class":134},[60,149747,122],{"class":74},[60,149749,1506],{"class":118},[60,149751,128],{"class":74},[553,149753,56386],{"id":5256},[51,149755,149757],{"className":53,"code":149756,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,149758,149759,149791],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,149760,149761,149763,149765,149767,149769,149771,149773,149775,149777,149779,149781,149783,149785,149787,149789],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,149762,377],{"class":66},[60,149764,71],{"class":70},[60,149766,9171],{"class":74},[60,149768,256],{"class":255},[60,149770,386],{"class":259},[60,149772,256],{"class":255},[60,149774,82],{"class":74},[60,149776,267],{"class":255},[60,149778,404],{"class":259},[60,149780,256],{"class":255},[60,149782,82],{"class":74},[60,149784,267],{"class":255},[60,149786,395],{"class":259},[60,149788,256],{"class":255},[60,149790,128],{"class":74},[60,149792,149793,149795,149797,149799],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,149794,135],{"class":134},[60,149796,122],{"class":74},[60,149798,431],{"class":118},[60,149800,128],{"class":74},[553,149802,149804],{"id":149803},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[51,149806,149808],{"className":53,"code":149807,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,149809,149810,149834],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,149811,149812,149814,149816,149818,149820,149822,149824,149826,149828,149830,149832],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,149813,59231],{"class":66},[60,149815,71],{"class":70},[60,149817,9171],{"class":74},[60,149819,79],{"class":78},[60,149821,82],{"class":74},[60,149823,267],{"class":255},[60,149825,575],{"class":259},[60,149827,256],{"class":255},[60,149829,82],{"class":74},[60,149831,686],{"class":685},[60,149833,128],{"class":74},[60,149835,149836,149838,149840,149842],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,149837,135],{"class":134},[60,149839,122],{"class":74},[60,149841,59284],{"class":118},[60,149843,128],{"class":74},[553,149845,149847],{"id":149846},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,149849,149850],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[51,149852,149854],{"className":53,"code":149853,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,149855,149856,149897],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,149857,149858,149861,149863,149865,149867,149869,149871,149873,149875,149877,149879,149881,149883,149885,149887,149889,149891,149893,149895],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,149859,149860],{"class":66},"nested ",[60,149862,71],{"class":70},[60,149864,9171],{"class":74},[60,149866,79],{"class":78},[60,149868,82],{"class":74},[60,149870,9171],{"class":74},[60,149872,256],{"class":255},[60,149874,260],{"class":259},[60,149876,256],{"class":255},[60,149878,82],{"class":74},[60,149880,267],{"class":255},[60,149882,270],{"class":259},[60,149884,256],{"class":255},[60,149886,9168],{"class":74},[60,149888,75],{"class":74},[60,149890,873],{"class":78},[60,149892,82],{"class":74},[60,149894,878],{"class":78},[60,149896,1193],{"class":74},[60,149898,149899,149901,149903,149906],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,149900,135],{"class":134},[60,149902,122],{"class":74},[60,149904,149905],{"class":118},"nested",[60,149907,128],{"class":74},[20,149909,318],{},[51,149911,149913],{"className":53,"code":149912,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,149914,149915],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,149916,149917,149919,149921,149923,149925,149927,149929,149931,149933,149935,149937,149939,149941,149943,149945,149947,149949],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,149918,122],{"class":74},[60,149920,79],{"class":78},[60,149922,82],{"class":74},[60,149924,9171],{"class":74},[60,149926,3261],{"class":255},[60,149928,260],{"class":259},[60,149930,3261],{"class":255},[60,149932,82],{"class":74},[60,149934,3256],{"class":255},[60,149936,270],{"class":259},[60,149938,3261],{"class":255},[60,149940,9168],{"class":74},[60,149942,75],{"class":74},[60,149944,873],{"class":78},[60,149946,82],{"class":74},[60,149948,878],{"class":78},[60,149950,1193],{"class":74},[46,149952,149954,149955],{"id":149953},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,149956,37979],{},[20,149958,149959,149960,149962],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,149961,37979],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,149964,149965,149966,115],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[260,149967,62977],{"href":62976},[553,149969,105008],{"id":105007},[51,149971,149973],{"className":53,"code":149972,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149974,149975,149997],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,149976,149977,149979,149981,149983,149985,149987,149989,149991,149993,149995],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,149978,67],{"class":66},[60,149980,71],{"class":70},[60,149982,149115],{"class":1656},[60,149984,835],{"class":74},[60,149986,79],{"class":78},[60,149988,82],{"class":74},[60,149990,85],{"class":78},[60,149992,82],{"class":74},[60,149994,94],{"class":78},[60,149996,1193],{"class":74},[60,149998,149999,150001,150003,150005],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,150000,135],{"class":134},[60,150002,122],{"class":74},[60,150004,1506],{"class":118},[60,150006,128],{"class":74},[20,150008,318],{},[51,150010,150011],{"className":53,"code":149328,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,150012,150013],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150014,150015,150017,150019,150021,150023,150025,150027],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150016,122],{"class":74},[60,150018,79],{"class":78},[60,150020,82],{"class":74},[60,150022,85],{"class":78},[60,150024,82],{"class":74},[60,150026,94],{"class":78},[60,150028,128],{"class":74},[553,150030,105194],{"id":105193},[51,150032,150034],{"className":53,"code":150033,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,150035,150036,150054],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150037,150038,150040,150042,150044,150046,150048,150050,150052],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150039,248],{"class":66},[60,150041,71],{"class":70},[60,150043,149115],{"class":1656},[60,150045,122],{"class":74},[60,150047,256],{"class":255},[60,150049,41494],{"class":259},[60,150051,256],{"class":255},[60,150053,128],{"class":74},[60,150055,150056,150058,150060,150062],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,150057,135],{"class":134},[60,150059,122],{"class":74},[60,150061,300],{"class":118},[60,150063,128],{"class":74},[20,150065,318],{},[51,150067,150069],{"className":53,"code":150068,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,150070,150071],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150072,150073,150075,150077,150079,150081,150083,150085,150087,150089,150091,150093,150095,150097],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150074,122],{"class":74},[60,150076,3261],{"class":255},[60,150078,260],{"class":259},[60,150080,3261],{"class":255},[60,150082,82],{"class":74},[60,150084,3256],{"class":255},[60,150086,270],{"class":259},[60,150088,3261],{"class":255},[60,150090,82],{"class":74},[60,150092,3256],{"class":255},[60,150094,287],{"class":259},[60,150096,3261],{"class":255},[60,150098,128],{"class":74},[20,150100,150101],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[553,150103,150105],{"id":150104},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[51,150107,150109],{"className":53,"code":150108,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,150110,150111,150129],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150112,150113,150115,150117,150119,150121,150123,150125,150127],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150114,674],{"class":66},[60,150116,71],{"class":70},[60,150118,149115],{"class":1656},[60,150120,122],{"class":74},[60,150122,59757],{"class":134},[60,150124,122],{"class":74},[60,150126,2465],{"class":78},[60,150128,315],{"class":74},[60,150130,150131,150133,150135,150137],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,150132,135],{"class":134},[60,150134,122],{"class":74},[60,150136,706],{"class":118},[60,150138,128],{"class":74},[20,150140,318],{},[51,150142,150144],{"className":53,"code":150143,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,150145,150146],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150147,150148,150150,150152,150154,150156,150158,150160,150162,150164],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150149,122],{"class":74},[60,150151,195],{"class":78},[60,150153,82],{"class":74},[60,150155,695],{"class":78},[60,150157,82],{"class":74},[60,150159,85],{"class":78},[60,150161,82],{"class":74},[60,150163,94],{"class":78},[60,150165,128],{"class":74},[20,150167,150168],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[46,150170,20734],{"id":20733},[30,150172,150173,150176,150179,150182],{},[33,150174,150175],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[33,150177,150178],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[33,150180,150181],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[33,150183,150184],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,150186,150187,150188,115],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[260,150189,150191],{"href":150190},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[46,150193,1351],{"id":1350},[20,150195,150196],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[553,150198,150200],{"id":150199},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,150202,150203],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[51,150205,150207],{"className":53,"code":150206,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150208,150209,150225],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150210,150211,150213,150215,150217,150219,150221,150223],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150212,28471],{"class":66},[60,150214,71],{"class":70},[60,150216,9171],{"class":74},[60,150218,256],{"class":255},[60,150220,575],{"class":259},[60,150222,256],{"class":255},[60,150224,128],{"class":74},[60,150226,150227,150229,150231,150233,150235,150237],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,150228,135],{"class":134},[60,150230,122],{"class":74},[60,150232,1657],{"class":1656},[60,150234,122],{"class":74},[60,150236,1728],{"class":118},[60,150238,315],{"class":74},[20,150240,150241],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[51,150243,150245],{"className":53,"code":150244,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150246,150247,150263],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150248,150249,150251,150253,150255,150257,150259,150261],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150250,28471],{"class":66},[60,150252,71],{"class":70},[60,150254,9171],{"class":74},[60,150256,256],{"class":255},[60,150258,575],{"class":259},[60,150260,256],{"class":255},[60,150262,149105],{"class":74},[60,150264,150265,150267,150269,150271,150273,150275],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,150266,135],{"class":134},[60,150268,122],{"class":74},[60,150270,1657],{"class":1656},[60,150272,122],{"class":74},[60,150274,1728],{"class":118},[60,150276,315],{"class":74},[553,150278,150280],{"id":150279},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,150282,150283],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[51,150285,150287],{"className":53,"code":150286,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150288,150289,150309],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150290,150291,150293,150295,150297,150299,150301,150303,150305,150307],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150292,674],{"class":66},[60,150294,71],{"class":70},[60,150296,75],{"class":74},[60,150298,79],{"class":78},[60,150300,82],{"class":74},[60,150302,85],{"class":78},[60,150304,82],{"class":74},[60,150306,94],{"class":78},[60,150308,101],{"class":74},[60,150310,150311,150313,150315,150317,150319,150321],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,150312,135],{"class":134},[60,150314,122],{"class":74},[60,150316,1657],{"class":1656},[60,150318,122],{"class":74},[60,150320,706],{"class":118},[60,150322,315],{"class":74},[20,150324,150325],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[51,150327,150329],{"className":53,"code":150328,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150330,150331,150351],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150332,150333,150335,150337,150339,150341,150343,150345,150347,150349],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150334,674],{"class":66},[60,150336,71],{"class":70},[60,150338,9171],{"class":74},[60,150340,79],{"class":78},[60,150342,82],{"class":74},[60,150344,85],{"class":78},[60,150346,82],{"class":74},[60,150348,94],{"class":78},[60,150350,128],{"class":74},[60,150352,150353,150355,150357,150359,150361,150363],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,150354,135],{"class":134},[60,150356,122],{"class":74},[60,150358,1657],{"class":1656},[60,150360,122],{"class":74},[60,150362,706],{"class":118},[60,150364,315],{"class":74},[553,150366,150368],{"id":150367},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,150370,150181],{},[51,150372,150374],{"className":53,"code":150373,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,150375,150376,150396],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150377,150378,150380,150382,150384,150386,150388,150390,150392,150394],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150379,67],{"class":66},[60,150381,71],{"class":70},[60,150383,9171],{"class":74},[60,150385,79],{"class":78},[60,150387,82],{"class":74},[60,150389,85],{"class":78},[60,150391,82],{"class":74},[60,150393,94],{"class":78},[60,150395,128],{"class":74},[60,150397,150398],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,150399,150400],{"class":146},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,150402,150403],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[553,150405,37138,150407,150410],{"id":150406},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,150408,150409],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,150412,64403],{},[51,150414,150415],{"className":53,"code":150033,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,150416,150417,150435],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150418,150419,150421,150423,150425,150427,150429,150431,150433],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150420,248],{"class":66},[60,150422,71],{"class":70},[60,150424,149115],{"class":1656},[60,150426,122],{"class":74},[60,150428,256],{"class":255},[60,150430,41494],{"class":259},[60,150432,256],{"class":255},[60,150434,128],{"class":74},[60,150436,150437,150439,150441,150443],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,150438,135],{"class":134},[60,150440,122],{"class":74},[60,150442,300],{"class":118},[60,150444,128],{"class":74},[20,150446,150447],{},"gives:",[51,150449,150450],{"className":53,"code":150068,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,150451,150452],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150453,150454,150456,150458,150460,150462,150464,150466,150468,150470,150472,150474,150476,150478],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150455,122],{"class":74},[60,150457,3261],{"class":255},[60,150459,260],{"class":259},[60,150461,3261],{"class":255},[60,150463,82],{"class":74},[60,150465,3256],{"class":255},[60,150467,270],{"class":259},[60,150469,3261],{"class":255},[60,150471,82],{"class":74},[60,150473,3256],{"class":255},[60,150475,287],{"class":259},[60,150477,3261],{"class":255},[60,150479,128],{"class":74},[20,150481,150482],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[51,150484,150486],{"className":53,"code":150485,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,150487,150488,150504],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150489,150490,150492,150494,150496,150498,150500,150502],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150491,6098],{"class":66},[60,150493,71],{"class":70},[60,150495,9171],{"class":74},[60,150497,256],{"class":255},[60,150499,41494],{"class":259},[60,150501,256],{"class":255},[60,150503,149105],{"class":74},[60,150505,150506,150508,150510,150512],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,150507,135],{"class":134},[60,150509,122],{"class":74},[60,150511,38324],{"class":118},[60,150513,128],{"class":74},[20,150515,318],{},[51,150517,150519],{"className":53,"code":150518,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"('abc',)\n",[15,150520,150521],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150522,150523,150525,150527,150529,150531],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150524,122],{"class":74},[60,150526,3261],{"class":255},[60,150528,41494],{"class":259},[60,150530,3261],{"class":255},[60,150532,149105],{"class":74},[553,150534,150536],{"id":150535},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,150538,150539],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[51,150541,150543],{"className":53,"code":150542,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150544,150545,150562,150566,150576,150590],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150546,150547,150550,150552,150554,150556,150558,150560],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150548,150549],{"class":66},"my_tuple ",[60,150551,71],{"class":70},[60,150553,9171],{"class":74},[60,150555,256],{"class":255},[60,150557,575],{"class":259},[60,150559,256],{"class":255},[60,150561,149105],{"class":74},[60,150563,150564],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,150565,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,150567,150568,150570,150572,150574],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,150569,135],{"class":134},[60,150571,122],{"class":74},[60,150573,147767],{"class":118},[60,150575,128],{"class":74},[60,150577,150578,150580,150582,150584,150586,150588],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,150579,135],{"class":134},[60,150581,122],{"class":74},[60,150583,1657],{"class":1656},[60,150585,122],{"class":74},[60,150587,147767],{"class":118},[60,150589,315],{"class":74},[60,150591,150592,150594,150596,150598,150600,150602],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,150593,135],{"class":134},[60,150595,122],{"class":74},[60,150597,11097],{"class":134},[60,150599,122],{"class":74},[60,150601,147767],{"class":118},[60,150603,315],{"class":74},[46,150605,1773],{"id":1772},[553,150607,150609],{"id":150608},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,150611,150612,150613,150616],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,150614,150615],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[553,150618,150620],{"id":150619},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,150622,150623],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[553,150625,150627],{"id":150626},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,150629,150630],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[553,150632,150634],{"id":150633},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,150636,150637],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[553,150639,5090,150641,12652],{"id":150640},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,150642,150409],{},[20,150644,5096,150645,150648],{},[15,150646,150647],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[46,150650,1842],{"id":1841},[30,150652,150653,150657,150661,150667,150672,150677,150681],{},[33,150654,150655],{},[260,150656,147749],{"href":147748},[33,150658,150659],{},[260,150660,149422],{"href":149421},[33,150662,150663],{},[260,150664,150666],{"href":150665},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[33,150668,150669],{},[260,150670,150671],{"href":148987},"Python tuple length with len()",[33,150673,150674],{},[260,150675,150676],{"href":149052},"What is a tuple in Python?",[33,150678,150679],{},[260,150680,62977],{"href":62976},[33,150682,150683],{},[260,150684,150685],{"href":150190},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[1885,150687,150688],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":150690},[150691,150692,150693,150694,150695,150696,150702,150708,150709,150717,150725],{"id":1971,"depth":104,"text":1972},{"id":15096,"depth":104,"text":15097},{"id":149281,"depth":104,"text":149282},{"id":149425,"depth":104,"text":149426},{"id":149518,"depth":104,"text":149519},{"id":149711,"depth":104,"text":149712,"children":150697},[150698,150699,150700,150701],{"id":1506,"depth":131,"text":56383},{"id":5256,"depth":131,"text":56386},{"id":149803,"depth":131,"text":149804},{"id":149846,"depth":131,"text":149847},{"id":149953,"depth":104,"text":150703,"children":150704},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150705,150706,150707],{"id":105007,"depth":131,"text":105008},{"id":105193,"depth":131,"text":105194},{"id":150104,"depth":131,"text":150105},{"id":20733,"depth":104,"text":20734},{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351,"children":150710},[150711,150712,150713,150714,150716],{"id":150199,"depth":131,"text":150200},{"id":150279,"depth":131,"text":150280},{"id":150367,"depth":131,"text":150368},{"id":150406,"depth":131,"text":150715},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150535,"depth":131,"text":150536},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":150718},[150719,150720,150721,150722,150723],{"id":150608,"depth":131,"text":150609},{"id":150619,"depth":131,"text":150620},{"id":150626,"depth":131,"text":150627},{"id":150633,"depth":131,"text":150634},{"id":150640,"depth":131,"text":150724},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":149038,"description":150726},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150733,"title":150734,"body":150735,"description":152280,"extension":1930,"meta":152281,"navigation":421,"path":152282,"seo":152283,"stem":152284,"__hash__":152285},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150736,"toc":152250},[150737,150740,150745,150747,150760,150766,150768,150835,150837,150872,150877,150881,150885,150887,150898,150906,150908,150910,150931,150933,150953,150956,150958,150963,151006,151008,151030,151033,151046,151050,151054,151057,151110,151112,151133,151138,151142,151145,151190,151192,151225,151237,151241,151249,151286,151288,151317,151321,151324,151377,151379,151399,151406,151410,151415,151484,151486,151511,151515,151518,151524,151601,151603,151662,151664,151676,151681,151685,151689,151703,151705,151740,151742,151759,151762,151775,151779,151783,151794,151799,151814,151817,151820,151822,151825,151829,151831,151845,151847,151871,151876,151880,151883,151902,151905,151954,151959,151976,151979,152012,152016,152018,152069,152072,152097,152100,152123,152127,152133,152135,152170,152173,152178,152180,152184,152187,152191,152196,152200,152203,152207,152210,152214,152219,152221,152247],[10,150738,150734],{"id":150739},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,150741,9058,150742,150744],{},[15,150743,37979],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,150746,82349],{},[30,150748,150749,150754],{},[33,150750,150751,150753],{},[15,150752,37979],{}," creates an empty tuple",[33,150755,150756,150759],{},[15,150757,150758],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,150761,150762,150763,150765],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,150764,37979],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[46,150767,1972],{"id":1971},[51,150769,150771],{"className":53,"code":150770,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,150772,150773,150793,150807,150811,150821],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150774,150775,150777,150779,150781,150783,150785,150787,150789,150791],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150776,67],{"class":66},[60,150778,71],{"class":70},[60,150780,75],{"class":74},[60,150782,79],{"class":78},[60,150784,82],{"class":74},[60,150786,85],{"class":78},[60,150788,82],{"class":74},[60,150790,94],{"class":78},[60,150792,101],{"class":74},[60,150794,150795,150797,150799,150801,150803,150805],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,150796,107],{"class":66},[60,150798,71],{"class":70},[60,150800,149115],{"class":1656},[60,150802,122],{"class":74},[60,150804,1506],{"class":118},[60,150806,128],{"class":74},[60,150808,150809],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,150810,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,150812,150813,150815,150817,150819],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,150814,135],{"class":134},[60,150816,122],{"class":74},[60,150818,140],{"class":118},[60,150820,128],{"class":74},[60,150822,150823,150825,150827,150829,150831,150833],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,150824,135],{"class":134},[60,150826,122],{"class":74},[60,150828,1657],{"class":1656},[60,150830,122],{"class":74},[60,150832,140],{"class":118},[60,150834,315],{"class":74},[20,150836,318],{},[51,150838,150840],{"className":53,"code":150839,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,150841,150842,150858],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150843,150844,150846,150848,150850,150852,150854,150856],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150845,122],{"class":74},[60,150847,79],{"class":78},[60,150849,82],{"class":74},[60,150851,85],{"class":78},[60,150853,82],{"class":74},[60,150855,94],{"class":78},[60,150857,128],{"class":74},[60,150859,150860,150862,150864,150866,150868,150870],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,150861,3250],{"class":70},[60,150863,3253],{"class":2033},[60,150865,3256],{"class":255},[60,150867,48884],{"class":259},[60,150869,3261],{"class":255},[60,150871,3264],{"class":70},[20,150873,150,150874,150876],{},[15,150875,150758],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[46,150878,150880],{"id":150879},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,150882,150883,62685],{},[15,150884,37979],{},[20,150886,48858],{},[30,150888,150889,150892,150895],{},[33,150890,150891],{},"creates a tuple object",[33,150893,150894],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[33,150896,150897],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,150899,150900,150901,150903,150904,115],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[260,150902,149053],{"href":149052}," or the full guide to ",[260,150905,147749],{"href":147748},[46,150907,199],{"id":198},[20,150909,26420],{},[51,150911,150913],{"className":53,"code":150912,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,150914,150915,150921],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150916,150917,150919],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150918,48884],{"class":1656},[60,150920,8579],{"class":74},[60,150922,150923,150925,150927,150929],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,150924,48884],{"class":1656},[60,150926,122],{"class":74},[60,150928,3675],{"class":118},[60,150930,128],{"class":74},[20,150932,11394],{},[30,150934,150935,150938],{},[33,150936,150937],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[33,150939,150940,150941],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[30,150942,150943,150945,150947,150949,150951],{},[33,150944,5247],{},[33,150946,5256],{},[33,150948,62756],{},[33,150950,5253],{},[33,150952,7193],{},[20,150954,150955],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[46,150957,149426],{"id":149425},[20,150959,1626,150960,150962],{},[15,150961,37979],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[51,150964,150966],{"className":53,"code":150965,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,150967,150968,150978,150982,150992],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150969,150970,150972,150974,150976],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150971,124613],{"class":66},[60,150973,71],{"class":70},[60,150975,149115],{"class":1656},[60,150977,8579],{"class":74},[60,150979,150980],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,150981,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,150983,150984,150986,150988,150990],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,150985,135],{"class":134},[60,150987,122],{"class":74},[60,150989,124664],{"class":118},[60,150991,128],{"class":74},[60,150993,150994,150996,150998,151000,151002,151004],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,150995,135],{"class":134},[60,150997,122],{"class":74},[60,150999,1657],{"class":1656},[60,151001,122],{"class":74},[60,151003,124664],{"class":118},[60,151005,315],{"class":74},[20,151007,318],{},[51,151009,151010],{"className":53,"code":149471,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,151011,151012,151016],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151013,151014],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151015,8579],{"class":74},[60,151017,151018,151020,151022,151024,151026,151028],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,151019,3250],{"class":70},[60,151021,3253],{"class":2033},[60,151023,3256],{"class":255},[60,151025,48884],{"class":259},[60,151027,3261],{"class":255},[60,151029,3264],{"class":70},[20,151031,151032],{},"This is equivalent to:",[51,151034,151036],{"className":53,"code":151035,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"empty = ()\n",[15,151037,151038],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151039,151040,151042,151044],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151041,124613],{"class":66},[60,151043,71],{"class":70},[60,151045,149091],{"class":74},[46,151047,151049],{"id":151048},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[553,151051,151053],{"id":151052},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,151055,151056],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[51,151058,151060],{"className":53,"code":151059,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151061,151062,151082,151096,151100],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151063,151064,151066,151068,151070,151072,151074,151076,151078,151080],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151065,67],{"class":66},[60,151067,71],{"class":70},[60,151069,75],{"class":74},[60,151071,873],{"class":78},[60,151073,82],{"class":74},[60,151075,878],{"class":78},[60,151077,82],{"class":74},[60,151079,888],{"class":78},[60,151081,101],{"class":74},[60,151083,151084,151086,151088,151090,151092,151094],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,151085,107],{"class":66},[60,151087,71],{"class":70},[60,151089,149115],{"class":1656},[60,151091,122],{"class":74},[60,151093,1506],{"class":118},[60,151095,128],{"class":74},[60,151097,151098],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,151099,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,151101,151102,151104,151106,151108],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,151103,135],{"class":134},[60,151105,122],{"class":74},[60,151107,140],{"class":118},[60,151109,128],{"class":74},[20,151111,318],{},[51,151113,151115],{"className":53,"code":151114,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,151116,151117],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151118,151119,151121,151123,151125,151127,151129,151131],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151120,122],{"class":74},[60,151122,873],{"class":78},[60,151124,82],{"class":74},[60,151126,878],{"class":78},[60,151128,82],{"class":74},[60,151130,888],{"class":78},[60,151132,128],{"class":74},[20,151134,151135,151136,115],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[260,151137,104813],{"href":59814},[553,151139,151141],{"id":151140},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,151143,151144],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[51,151146,151148],{"className":53,"code":151147,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151149,151150,151162,151176,151180],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151151,151152,151154,151156,151158,151160],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151153,34621],{"class":66},[60,151155,71],{"class":70},[60,151157,267],{"class":255},[60,151159,959],{"class":259},[60,151161,3320],{"class":255},[60,151163,151164,151166,151168,151170,151172,151174],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,151165,107],{"class":66},[60,151167,71],{"class":70},[60,151169,149115],{"class":1656},[60,151171,122],{"class":74},[60,151173,34642],{"class":118},[60,151175,128],{"class":74},[60,151177,151178],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,151179,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,151181,151182,151184,151186,151188],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,151183,135],{"class":134},[60,151185,122],{"class":74},[60,151187,140],{"class":118},[60,151189,128],{"class":74},[20,151191,318],{},[51,151193,151195],{"className":53,"code":151194,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,151196,151197],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151198,151199,151201,151203,151205,151207,151209,151211,151213,151215,151217,151219,151221,151223],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151200,122],{"class":74},[60,151202,3261],{"class":255},[60,151204,287],{"class":259},[60,151206,3261],{"class":255},[60,151208,82],{"class":74},[60,151210,3256],{"class":255},[60,151212,260],{"class":259},[60,151214,3261],{"class":255},[60,151216,82],{"class":74},[60,151218,3256],{"class":255},[60,151220,63046],{"class":259},[60,151222,3261],{"class":255},[60,151224,128],{"class":74},[20,151226,151227,151228,13989,151231,151233,151234,115],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,151229,151230],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[3698,151232,4581],{}," create ",[15,151235,151236],{},"('cat',)",[553,151238,151240],{"id":151239},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,151242,151243,151245,151246,151248],{},[15,151244,36132],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,151247,37979],{}," collects them all.",[51,151250,151252],{"className":53,"code":151251,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151253,151254,151272,151276],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151255,151256,151258,151260,151262,151264,151266,151268,151270],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151257,107],{"class":66},[60,151259,71],{"class":70},[60,151261,149115],{"class":1656},[60,151263,122],{"class":74},[60,151265,59757],{"class":134},[60,151267,122],{"class":74},[60,151269,1086],{"class":78},[60,151271,315],{"class":74},[60,151273,151274],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,151275,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,151277,151278,151280,151282,151284],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,151279,135],{"class":134},[60,151281,122],{"class":74},[60,151283,140],{"class":118},[60,151285,128],{"class":74},[20,151287,318],{},[51,151289,151291],{"className":53,"code":151290,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,151292,151293],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151294,151295,151297,151299,151301,151303,151305,151307,151309,151311,151313,151315],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151296,122],{"class":74},[60,151298,195],{"class":78},[60,151300,82],{"class":74},[60,151302,695],{"class":78},[60,151304,82],{"class":74},[60,151306,85],{"class":78},[60,151308,82],{"class":74},[60,151310,94],{"class":78},[60,151312,82],{"class":74},[60,151314,800],{"class":78},[60,151316,128],{"class":74},[553,151318,151320],{"id":151319},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,151322,151323],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[51,151325,151327],{"className":53,"code":151326,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151328,151329,151349,151363,151367],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151330,151331,151333,151335,151337,151339,151341,151343,151345,151347],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151332,674],{"class":66},[60,151334,71],{"class":70},[60,151336,10426],{"class":74},[60,151338,79],{"class":78},[60,151340,82],{"class":74},[60,151342,85],{"class":78},[60,151344,82],{"class":74},[60,151346,94],{"class":78},[60,151348,9244],{"class":74},[60,151350,151351,151353,151355,151357,151359,151361],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,151352,107],{"class":66},[60,151354,71],{"class":70},[60,151356,149115],{"class":1656},[60,151358,122],{"class":74},[60,151360,706],{"class":118},[60,151362,128],{"class":74},[60,151364,151365],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,151366,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,151368,151369,151371,151373,151375],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,151370,135],{"class":134},[60,151372,122],{"class":74},[60,151374,140],{"class":118},[60,151376,128],{"class":74},[20,151378,318],{},[51,151380,151381],{"className":53,"code":149328,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,151382,151383],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151384,151385,151387,151389,151391,151393,151395,151397],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151386,122],{"class":74},[60,151388,79],{"class":78},[60,151390,82],{"class":74},[60,151392,85],{"class":78},[60,151394,82],{"class":74},[60,151396,94],{"class":78},[60,151398,128],{"class":74},[20,151400,151401,151402,115],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[260,151403,151405],{"href":151404},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[553,151407,151409],{"id":151408},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,151411,63299,151412,151414],{},[15,151413,37979],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[51,151416,151418],{"className":53,"code":151417,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151419,151420,151456,151470,151474],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151421,151422,151424,151426,151428,151430,151432,151434,151436,151438,151440,151442,151444,151446,151448,151450,151452,151454],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151423,13139],{"class":66},[60,151425,71],{"class":70},[60,151427,10426],{"class":74},[60,151429,256],{"class":255},[60,151431,7611],{"class":259},[60,151433,256],{"class":255},[60,151435,166],{"class":74},[60,151437,267],{"class":255},[60,151439,12817],{"class":259},[60,151441,256],{"class":255},[60,151443,82],{"class":74},[60,151445,267],{"class":255},[60,151447,9234],{"class":259},[60,151449,256],{"class":255},[60,151451,166],{"class":74},[60,151453,9241],{"class":78},[60,151455,9244],{"class":74},[60,151457,151458,151460,151462,151464,151466,151468],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,151459,107],{"class":66},[60,151461,71],{"class":70},[60,151463,149115],{"class":1656},[60,151465,122],{"class":74},[60,151467,17242],{"class":118},[60,151469,128],{"class":74},[60,151471,151472],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,151473,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,151475,151476,151478,151480,151482],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,151477,135],{"class":134},[60,151479,122],{"class":74},[60,151481,140],{"class":118},[60,151483,128],{"class":74},[20,151485,29961],{},[51,151487,151489],{"className":53,"code":151488,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,151490,151491],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151492,151493,151495,151497,151499,151501,151503,151505,151507,151509],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151494,122],{"class":74},[60,151496,3261],{"class":255},[60,151498,7611],{"class":259},[60,151500,3261],{"class":255},[60,151502,82],{"class":74},[60,151504,3256],{"class":255},[60,151506,9234],{"class":259},[60,151508,3261],{"class":255},[60,151510,128],{"class":74},[46,151512,151514],{"id":151513},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,151516,151517],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,151519,151520,151523],{},[15,151521,151522],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[51,151525,151527],{"className":53,"code":151526,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151528,151529,151565,151569,151583],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151530,151531,151533,151535,151537,151539,151541,151543,151545,151547,151549,151551,151553,151555,151557,151559,151561,151563],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151532,13139],{"class":66},[60,151534,71],{"class":70},[60,151536,10426],{"class":74},[60,151538,256],{"class":255},[60,151540,7611],{"class":259},[60,151542,256],{"class":255},[60,151544,166],{"class":74},[60,151546,267],{"class":255},[60,151548,12817],{"class":259},[60,151550,256],{"class":255},[60,151552,82],{"class":74},[60,151554,267],{"class":255},[60,151556,9234],{"class":259},[60,151558,256],{"class":255},[60,151560,166],{"class":74},[60,151562,9241],{"class":78},[60,151564,9244],{"class":74},[60,151566,151567],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,151568,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,151570,151571,151573,151575,151577,151579,151581],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,151572,135],{"class":134},[60,151574,122],{"class":74},[60,151576,48884],{"class":1656},[60,151578,122],{"class":74},[60,151580,17242],{"class":118},[60,151582,315],{"class":74},[60,151584,151585,151587,151589,151591,151593,151595,151597,151599],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,151586,135],{"class":134},[60,151588,122],{"class":74},[60,151590,48884],{"class":1656},[60,151592,122],{"class":74},[60,151594,17242],{"class":118},[60,151596,115],{"class":74},[60,151598,828],{"class":118},[60,151600,6231],{"class":74},[20,151602,318],{},[51,151604,151606],{"className":53,"code":151605,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151607,151608,151628],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151609,151610,151612,151614,151616,151618,151620,151622,151624,151626],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151611,122],{"class":74},[60,151613,3261],{"class":255},[60,151615,7611],{"class":259},[60,151617,3261],{"class":255},[60,151619,82],{"class":74},[60,151621,3256],{"class":255},[60,151623,9234],{"class":259},[60,151625,3261],{"class":255},[60,151627,128],{"class":74},[60,151629,151630,151632,151634,151636,151638,151640,151642,151644,151646,151648,151650,151652,151654,151656,151658,151660],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,151631,5456],{"class":74},[60,151633,3261],{"class":255},[60,151635,7611],{"class":259},[60,151637,3261],{"class":255},[60,151639,82],{"class":74},[60,151641,3256],{"class":255},[60,151643,12817],{"class":259},[60,151645,3261],{"class":255},[60,151647,9168],{"class":74},[60,151649,9171],{"class":74},[60,151651,3261],{"class":255},[60,151653,9234],{"class":259},[60,151655,3261],{"class":255},[60,151657,82],{"class":74},[60,151659,9241],{"class":78},[60,151661,315],{"class":74},[20,151663,18628],{},[30,151665,151666,151671],{},[33,151667,151668,151670],{},[15,151669,151522],{}," for keys",[33,151672,151673,32490],{},[15,151674,151675],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,151677,151678,151679,115],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[260,151680,63309],{"href":63308},[46,151682,151684],{"id":151683},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,151686,151687,18252],{},[15,151688,37979],{},[30,151690,151691,151694,151697,151700],{},[33,151692,151693],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[33,151695,151696],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[33,151698,151699],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[33,151701,151702],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,151704,238],{},[51,151706,151708],{"className":53,"code":151707,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,151709,151710,151729],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151711,151712,151715,151717,151719,151721,151723,151725,151727],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151713,151714],{"class":66},"coordinates ",[60,151716,71],{"class":70},[60,151718,149115],{"class":1656},[60,151720,835],{"class":74},[60,151722,2465],{"class":78},[60,151724,82],{"class":74},[60,151726,5938],{"class":78},[60,151728,1193],{"class":74},[60,151730,151731,151733,151735,151738],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,151732,135],{"class":134},[60,151734,122],{"class":74},[60,151736,151737],{"class":118},"coordinates",[60,151739,128],{"class":74},[20,151741,318],{},[51,151743,151745],{"className":53,"code":151744,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(4, 7)\n",[15,151746,151747],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151748,151749,151751,151753,151755,151757],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151750,122],{"class":74},[60,151752,2465],{"class":78},[60,151754,82],{"class":74},[60,151756,5938],{"class":78},[60,151758,128],{"class":74},[20,151760,151761],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[30,151763,151764,151766,151769,151772],{},[33,151765,151737],{},[33,151767,151768],{},"RGB colors",[33,151770,151771],{},"dates",[33,151773,151774],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[46,151776,151778],{"id":151777},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,151780,44360,151781,10537],{},[15,151782,37979],{},[30,151784,151785,151788,151791],{},[33,151786,151787],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[33,151789,151790],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[33,151792,151793],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,151795,116240,151796,151798],{},[3698,151797,4581],{}," work:",[51,151800,151802],{"className":53,"code":151801,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"tuple(5)\n",[15,151803,151804],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151805,151806,151808,151810,151812],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151807,48884],{"class":1656},[60,151809,122],{"class":74},[60,151811,1086],{"class":78},[60,151813,128],{"class":74},[20,151815,151816],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,151818,151819],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[46,151821,115078],{"id":115077},[20,151823,151824],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[553,151826,151828],{"id":151827},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,151830,2797],{},[51,151832,151833],{"className":53,"code":151801,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,151834,151835],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151836,151837,151839,151841,151843],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151838,48884],{"class":1656},[60,151840,122],{"class":74},[60,151842,1086],{"class":78},[60,151844,128],{"class":74},[20,151846,29612],{},[51,151848,151849],{"className":53,"code":63413,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,151850,151851],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151852,151853,151855,151857,151859,151861,151863,151865,151867,151869],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151854,2964],{"class":1656},[60,151856,166],{"class":74},[60,151858,3256],{"class":255},[60,151860,345],{"class":259},[60,151862,3261],{"class":255},[60,151864,24549],{"class":1656},[60,151866,8036],{"class":70},[60,151868,8039],{"class":70},[60,151870,63436],{"class":66},[20,151872,151873,151874,115],{},"If you see this, read ",[260,151875,62050],{"href":52526},[553,151877,151879],{"id":151878},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,151881,151882],{},"This code:",[51,151884,151886],{"className":53,"code":151885,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,151887,151888],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151889,151890,151892,151894,151896,151898,151900],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151891,48884],{"class":1656},[60,151893,122],{"class":74},[60,151895,256],{"class":255},[60,151897,3801],{"class":259},[60,151899,256],{"class":255},[60,151901,128],{"class":74},[20,151903,151904],{},"returns:",[51,151906,151908],{"className":53,"code":151907,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,151909,151910],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151911,151912,151914,151916,151918,151920,151922,151924,151926,151928,151930,151932,151934,151936,151938,151940,151942,151944,151946,151948,151950,151952],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151913,122],{"class":74},[60,151915,3261],{"class":255},[60,151917,60197],{"class":259},[60,151919,3261],{"class":255},[60,151921,82],{"class":74},[60,151923,3256],{"class":255},[60,151925,60206],{"class":259},[60,151927,3261],{"class":255},[60,151929,82],{"class":74},[60,151931,3256],{"class":255},[60,151933,60215],{"class":259},[60,151935,3261],{"class":255},[60,151937,82],{"class":74},[60,151939,3256],{"class":255},[60,151941,60215],{"class":259},[60,151943,3261],{"class":255},[60,151945,82],{"class":74},[60,151947,3256],{"class":255},[60,151949,60232],{"class":259},[60,151951,3261],{"class":255},[60,151953,128],{"class":74},[20,151955,40840,151956,151958],{},[3698,151957,4581],{}," return:",[51,151960,151962],{"className":53,"code":151961,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"('hello',)\n",[15,151963,151964],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151965,151966,151968,151970,151972,151974],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151967,122],{"class":74},[60,151969,3261],{"class":255},[60,151971,3801],{"class":259},[60,151973,3261],{"class":255},[60,151975,149105],{"class":74},[20,151977,151978],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[51,151980,151982],{"className":53,"code":151981,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,151983,151984,152001],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151985,151986,151989,151991,151993,151995,151997,151999],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151987,151988],{"class":66},"single ",[60,151990,71],{"class":70},[60,151992,9171],{"class":74},[60,151994,256],{"class":255},[60,151996,3801],{"class":259},[60,151998,256],{"class":255},[60,152000,149105],{"class":74},[60,152002,152003,152005,152007,152010],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,152004,135],{"class":134},[60,152006,122],{"class":74},[60,152008,152009],{"class":118},"single",[60,152011,128],{"class":74},[553,152013,152015],{"id":152014},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,152017,151882],{},[51,152019,152021],{"className":53,"code":152020,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,152022,152023,152055],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,152024,152025,152027,152029,152031,152033,152035,152037,152039,152041,152043,152045,152047,152049,152051,152053],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,152026,1127],{"class":66},[60,152028,71],{"class":70},[60,152030,10426],{"class":74},[60,152032,256],{"class":255},[60,152034,260],{"class":259},[60,152036,256],{"class":255},[60,152038,166],{"class":74},[60,152040,695],{"class":78},[60,152042,82],{"class":74},[60,152044,267],{"class":255},[60,152046,270],{"class":259},[60,152048,256],{"class":255},[60,152050,166],{"class":74},[60,152052,85],{"class":78},[60,152054,9244],{"class":74},[60,152056,152057,152059,152061,152063,152065,152067],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,152058,135],{"class":134},[60,152060,122],{"class":74},[60,152062,48884],{"class":1656},[60,152064,122],{"class":74},[60,152066,9139],{"class":118},[60,152068,315],{"class":74},[20,152070,152071],{},"returns only the keys:",[51,152073,152075],{"className":53,"code":152074,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,152076,152077],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,152078,152079,152081,152083,152085,152087,152089,152091,152093,152095],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,152080,122],{"class":74},[60,152082,3261],{"class":255},[60,152084,260],{"class":259},[60,152086,3261],{"class":255},[60,152088,82],{"class":74},[60,152090,3256],{"class":255},[60,152092,270],{"class":259},[60,152094,3261],{"class":255},[60,152096,128],{"class":74},[20,152098,152099],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[51,152101,152103],{"className":53,"code":152102,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,152104,152105],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,152106,152107,152109,152111,152113,152115,152117,152119,152121],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,152108,135],{"class":134},[60,152110,122],{"class":74},[60,152112,48884],{"class":1656},[60,152114,122],{"class":74},[60,152116,9139],{"class":118},[60,152118,115],{"class":74},[60,152120,828],{"class":118},[60,152122,6231],{"class":74},[553,152124,152126],{"id":152125},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,152128,152129,152130,152132],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,152131,37979],{}," conversion.",[20,152134,5418],{},[51,152136,152138],{"className":53,"code":152137,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,152139,152140,152160],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,152141,152142,152144,152146,152148,152150,152152,152154,152156,152158],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,152143,1690],{"class":66},[60,152145,71],{"class":70},[60,152147,9171],{"class":74},[60,152149,79],{"class":78},[60,152151,82],{"class":74},[60,152153,85],{"class":78},[60,152155,82],{"class":74},[60,152157,94],{"class":78},[60,152159,128],{"class":74},[60,152161,152162,152164,152166,152168],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,152163,135],{"class":134},[60,152165,122],{"class":74},[60,152167,221],{"class":118},[60,152169,128],{"class":74},[20,152171,152172],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,152174,25438,152175,152177],{},[15,152176,37979],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[46,152179,1773],{"id":1772},[553,152181,152183],{"id":152182},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,152185,152186],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[553,152188,152190],{"id":152189},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,152192,152193,152194,115],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,152195,7308],{},[553,152197,152199],{"id":152198},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,152201,152202],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[553,152204,152206],{"id":152205},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,152208,152209],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[553,152211,152213],{"id":152212},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,152215,152216,152217,115],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,152218,2964],{},[46,152220,1842],{"id":1841},[30,152222,152223,152227,152231,152235,152239,152243],{},[33,152224,152225],{},[260,152226,147749],{"href":147748},[33,152228,152229],{},[260,152230,150676],{"href":149052},[33,152232,152233],{},[260,152234,104813],{"href":59814},[33,152236,152237],{},[260,152238,151405],{"href":151404},[33,152240,152241],{},[260,152242,63309],{"href":63308},[33,152244,152245],{},[260,152246,62050],{"href":52526},[1885,152248,152249],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":152251},[152252,152253,152254,152255,152256,152263,152264,152265,152266,152272,152279],{"id":1971,"depth":104,"text":1972},{"id":150879,"depth":104,"text":150880},{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199},{"id":149425,"depth":104,"text":149426},{"id":151048,"depth":104,"text":151049,"children":152257},[152258,152259,152260,152261,152262],{"id":151052,"depth":131,"text":151053},{"id":151140,"depth":131,"text":151141},{"id":151239,"depth":131,"text":151240},{"id":151319,"depth":131,"text":151320},{"id":151408,"depth":131,"text":151409},{"id":151513,"depth":104,"text":151514},{"id":151683,"depth":104,"text":151684},{"id":151777,"depth":104,"text":151778},{"id":115077,"depth":104,"text":115078,"children":152267},[152268,152269,152270,152271],{"id":151827,"depth":131,"text":151828},{"id":151878,"depth":131,"text":151879},{"id":152014,"depth":131,"text":152015},{"id":152125,"depth":131,"text":152126},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":152273},[152274,152275,152276,152277,152278],{"id":152182,"depth":131,"text":152183},{"id":152189,"depth":131,"text":152190},{"id":152198,"depth":131,"text":152199},{"id":152205,"depth":131,"text":152206},{"id":152212,"depth":131,"text":152213},{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150734,"description":152280},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152287,"title":152288,"body":152289,"description":153702,"extension":1930,"meta":153703,"navigation":421,"path":153704,"seo":153705,"stem":153706,"__hash__":153707},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152290,"toc":153674},[152291,152296,152301,152304,152306,152385,152391,152396,152400,152415,152417,152464,152466,152474,152482,152488,152490,152495,152515,152518,152545,152547,152571,152573,152715,152717,152721,152729,152732,152734,152811,152813,152821,152825,152829,152839,152849,152851,152856,152858,152917,152922,152924,153024,153026,153040,153045,153051,153058,153061,153063,153173,153177,153194,153196,153259,153261,153269,153281,153285,153290,153318,153321,153403,153405,153416,153418,153422,153449,153451,153453,153533,153541,153543,153598,153600,153605,153608,153612,153616,153618,153622,153626,153634,153641,153644,153646,153671],[10,152292,147633,152294,18],{"id":152293},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,152295,1868],{},[20,152297,152298,152300],{},[15,152299,148954],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,152302,152303],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[46,152305,1972],{"id":1971},[51,152307,152309],{"className":53,"code":152308,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,152310,152311,152351,152373],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,152312,152313,152315,152317,152319,152321,152323,152325,152327,152329,152331,152333,152335,152337,152339,152341,152343,152345,152347,152349],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,152314,377],{"class":66},[60,152316,71],{"class":70},[60,152318,9171],{"class":74},[60,152320,256],{"class":255},[60,152322,386],{"class":259},[60,152324,256],{"class":255},[60,152326,82],{"class":74},[60,152328,267],{"class":255},[60,152330,395],{"class":259},[60,152332,256],{"class":255},[60,152334,82],{"class":74},[60,152336,267],{"class":255},[60,152338,404],{"class":259},[60,152340,256],{"class":255},[60,152342,82],{"class":74},[60,152344,267],{"class":255},[60,152346,395],{"class":259},[60,152348,256],{"class":255},[60,152350,128],{"class":74},[60,152352,152353,152355,152357,152359,152361,152363,152365,152367,152369,152371],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,152354,64679],{"class":66},[60,152356,71],{"class":70},[60,152358,13058],{"class":66},[60,152360,115],{"class":74},[60,152362,35781],{"class":118},[60,152364,122],{"class":74},[60,152366,256],{"class":255},[60,152368,395],{"class":259},[60,152370,256],{"class":255},[60,152372,128],{"class":74},[60,152374,152375,152377,152379,152381,152383],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,152376,135],{"class":134},[60,152378,122],{"class":74},[60,152380,64706],{"class":118},[60,152382,143],{"class":74},[60,152384,647],{"class":146},[20,152386,152387,152390],{},[15,152388,152389],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[46,152392,158,152394,161],{"id":152393},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,152395,148954],{},[20,152397,1947,152398,11348],{},[15,152399,1868],{},[30,152401,152402,152405,152407,152410],{},[33,152403,152404],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[33,152406,128231],{},[33,152408,152409],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[33,152411,152412,152413],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,152414,195],{},[20,152416,238],{},[51,152418,152420],{"className":53,"code":152419,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,152421,152422,152446],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,152423,152424,152426,152428,152430,152432,152434,152436,152438,152440,152442,152444],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,152425,67],{"class":66},[60,152427,71],{"class":70},[60,152429,9171],{"class":74},[60,152431,873],{"class":78},[60,152433,82],{"class":74},[60,152435,878],{"class":78},[60,152437,82],{"class":74},[60,152439,888],{"class":78},[60,152441,82],{"class":74},[60,152443,878],{"class":78},[60,152445,128],{"class":74},[60,152447,152448,152450,152452,152454,152456,152458,152460,152462],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,152449,135],{"class":134},[60,152451,122],{"class":74},[60,152453,1506],{"class":118},[60,152455,115],{"class":74},[60,152457,35781],{"class":118},[60,152459,122],{"class":74},[60,152461,15689],{"class":78},[60,152463,315],{"class":74},[20,152465,318],{},[51,152467,152468],{"className":53,"code":46848,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,152469,152470],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,152471,152472],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,152473,46848],{"class":78},[20,152475,20911,152476,152478,152479,152481],{},[15,152477,15689],{}," appears twice, ",[15,152480,1868],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,152483,150900,152484,115],{},[260,152485,152487],{"href":152486},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[46,152489,199],{"id":198},[20,152491,7705,152492,152494],{},[15,152493,1868],{}," in two ways:",[51,152496,152498],{"className":53,"code":152497,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,152499,152500],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,152501,152502,152505,152507,152509,152511,152513],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,152503,152504],{"class":66},"tuple_name",[60,152506,115],{"class":74},[60,152508,35781],{"class":118},[60,152510,122],{"class":74},[60,152512,221],{"class":118},[60,152514,128],{"class":74},[20,152516,152517],{},"or:",[51,152519,152521],{"className":53,"code":152520,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,152522,152523],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,152524,152525,152527,152529,152531,152533,152535,152537,152539,152541,152543],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,152526,152504],{"class":66},[60,152528,115],{"class":74},[60,152530,35781],{"class":118},[60,152532,122],{"class":74},[60,152534,221],{"class":118},[60,152536,82],{"class":74},[60,152538,35987],{"class":118},[60,152540,82],{"class":74},[60,152542,64800],{"class":118},[60,152544,128],{"class":74},[553,152546,17330],{"id":17329},[30,152548,152549,152554,152559,152564],{},[33,152550,152551,152553],{},[15,152552,221],{}," — the item to search for",[33,152555,152556,152558],{},[15,152557,36008],{}," — optional starting position",[33,152560,152561,152563],{},[15,152562,52587],{}," — optional ending position",[33,152565,152566,4733,152568,152570],{},[15,152567,52587],{},[3698,152569,64829],{}," in the search",[20,152572,238],{},[51,152574,152576],{"className":53,"code":152575,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,152577,152578,152626,152630,152655,152683],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,152579,152580,152582,152584,152586,152588,152590,152592,152594,152596,152598,152600,152602,152604,152606,152608,152610,152612,152614,152616,152618,152620,152622,152624],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,152581,248],{"class":66},[60,152583,71],{"class":70},[60,152585,9171],{"class":74},[60,152587,256],{"class":255},[60,152589,260],{"class":259},[60,152591,256],{"class":255},[60,152593,82],{"class":74},[60,152595,267],{"class":255},[60,152597,270],{"class":259},[60,152599,256],{"class":255},[60,152601,82],{"class":74},[60,152603,267],{"class":255},[60,152605,287],{"class":259},[60,152607,256],{"class":255},[60,152609,82],{"class":74},[60,152611,267],{"class":255},[60,152613,270],{"class":259},[60,152615,256],{"class":255},[60,152617,82],{"class":74},[60,152619,267],{"class":255},[60,152621,18701],{"class":259},[60,152623,256],{"class":255},[60,152625,128],{"class":74},[60,152627,152628],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,152629,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,152631,152632,152634,152636,152638,152640,152642,152644,152646,152648,152650,152652],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,152633,135],{"class":134},[60,152635,122],{"class":74},[60,152637,300],{"class":118},[60,152639,115],{"class":74},[60,152641,35781],{"class":118},[60,152643,122],{"class":74},[60,152645,256],{"class":255},[60,152647,270],{"class":259},[60,152649,256],{"class":255},[60,152651,446],{"class":74},[60,152653,152654],{"class":146},"        # 1\n",[60,152656,152657,152659,152661,152663,152665,152667,152669,152671,152673,152675,152677,152679,152681],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,152658,135],{"class":134},[60,152660,122],{"class":74},[60,152662,300],{"class":118},[60,152664,115],{"class":74},[60,152666,35781],{"class":118},[60,152668,122],{"class":74},[60,152670,256],{"class":255},[60,152672,270],{"class":259},[60,152674,256],{"class":255},[60,152676,82],{"class":74},[60,152678,85],{"class":78},[60,152680,446],{"class":74},[60,152682,719],{"class":146},[60,152684,152685,152687,152689,152691,152693,152695,152697,152699,152701,152703,152705,152707,152709,152711,152713],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,152686,135],{"class":134},[60,152688,122],{"class":74},[60,152690,300],{"class":118},[60,152692,115],{"class":74},[60,152694,35781],{"class":118},[60,152696,122],{"class":74},[60,152698,256],{"class":255},[60,152700,270],{"class":259},[60,152702,256],{"class":255},[60,152704,82],{"class":74},[60,152706,695],{"class":78},[60,152708,82],{"class":74},[60,152710,94],{"class":78},[60,152712,446],{"class":74},[60,152714,647],{"class":146},[46,152716,103140],{"id":103139},[20,152718,152719,25441],{},[15,152720,148954],{},[30,152722,152723,152726],{},[33,152724,152725],{},"An integer",[33,152727,152728],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,152730,152731],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,152733,238],{},[51,152735,152737],{"className":53,"code":152736,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,152738,152739,152779,152801],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,152740,152741,152743,152745,152747,152749,152751,152753,152755,152757,152759,152761,152763,152765,152767,152769,152771,152773,152775,152777],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,152742,108239],{"class":66},[60,152744,71],{"class":70},[60,152746,9171],{"class":74},[60,152748,256],{"class":255},[60,152750,959],{"class":259},[60,152752,256],{"class":255},[60,152754,82],{"class":74},[60,152756,267],{"class":255},[60,152758,968],{"class":259},[60,152760,256],{"class":255},[60,152762,82],{"class":74},[60,152764,267],{"class":255},[60,152766,985],{"class":259},[60,152768,256],{"class":255},[60,152770,82],{"class":74},[60,152772,267],{"class":255},[60,152774,968],{"class":259},[60,152776,256],{"class":255},[60,152778,128],{"class":74},[60,152780,152781,152783,152785,152787,152789,152791,152793,152795,152797,152799],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,152782,107],{"class":66},[60,152784,71],{"class":70},[60,152786,108282],{"class":66},[60,152788,115],{"class":74},[60,152790,35781],{"class":118},[60,152792,122],{"class":74},[60,152794,256],{"class":255},[60,152796,968],{"class":259},[60,152798,256],{"class":255},[60,152800,128],{"class":74},[60,152802,152803,152805,152807,152809],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,152804,135],{"class":134},[60,152806,122],{"class":74},[60,152808,140],{"class":118},[60,152810,128],{"class":74},[20,152812,318],{},[51,152814,152815],{"className":53,"code":46848,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,152816,152817],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,152818,152819],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,152820,46848],{"class":78},[46,152822,152824],{"id":152823},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,152826,150,152827,10537],{},[15,152828,148954],{},[30,152830,152831,152833,152836],{},[33,152832,65858],{},[33,152834,152835],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[33,152837,152838],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,152840,152841,152842,152845,152846,115],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,152843,152844],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[260,152847,149422],{"href":152848},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[46,152850,65390],{"id":65389},[20,152852,152853,152854,115],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,152855,40638],{},[20,152857,238],{},[51,152859,152861],{"className":53,"code":152860,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,152862,152863,152895],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,152864,152865,152867,152869,152871,152873,152875,152877,152879,152881,152883,152885,152887,152889,152891,152893],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,152866,377],{"class":66},[60,152868,71],{"class":70},[60,152870,9171],{"class":74},[60,152872,256],{"class":255},[60,152874,386],{"class":259},[60,152876,256],{"class":255},[60,152878,82],{"class":74},[60,152880,267],{"class":255},[60,152882,395],{"class":259},[60,152884,256],{"class":255},[60,152886,82],{"class":74},[60,152888,267],{"class":255},[60,152890,404],{"class":259},[60,152892,256],{"class":255},[60,152894,128],{"class":74},[60,152896,152897,152899,152901,152903,152905,152907,152909,152911,152913,152915],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,152898,135],{"class":134},[60,152900,122],{"class":74},[60,152902,431],{"class":118},[60,152904,115],{"class":74},[60,152906,35781],{"class":118},[60,152908,122],{"class":74},[60,152910,256],{"class":255},[60,152912,495],{"class":259},[60,152914,256],{"class":255},[60,152916,315],{"class":74},[20,152918,39587,152919,152921],{},[15,152920,109564],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,152923,65465],{},[51,152925,152927],{"className":53,"code":152926,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,152928,152929,152961,152965,152981,153003,153009],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,152930,152931,152933,152935,152937,152939,152941,152943,152945,152947,152949,152951,152953,152955,152957,152959],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,152932,377],{"class":66},[60,152934,71],{"class":70},[60,152936,9171],{"class":74},[60,152938,256],{"class":255},[60,152940,386],{"class":259},[60,152942,256],{"class":255},[60,152944,82],{"class":74},[60,152946,267],{"class":255},[60,152948,395],{"class":259},[60,152950,256],{"class":255},[60,152952,82],{"class":74},[60,152954,267],{"class":255},[60,152956,404],{"class":259},[60,152958,256],{"class":255},[60,152960,128],{"class":74},[60,152962,152963],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,152964,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,152966,152967,152969,152971,152973,152975,152977,152979],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,152968,6939],{"class":1537},[60,152970,267],{"class":255},[60,152972,495],{"class":259},[60,152974,256],{"class":255},[60,152976,1538],{"class":70},[60,152978,13058],{"class":66},[60,152980,1712],{"class":74},[60,152982,152983,152985,152987,152989,152991,152993,152995,152997,152999,153001],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,152984,1718],{"class":134},[60,152986,122],{"class":74},[60,152988,431],{"class":118},[60,152990,115],{"class":74},[60,152992,35781],{"class":118},[60,152994,122],{"class":74},[60,152996,256],{"class":255},[60,152998,495],{"class":259},[60,153000,256],{"class":255},[60,153002,315],{"class":74},[60,153004,153005,153007],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,153006,27367],{"class":1537},[60,153008,1712],{"class":74},[60,153010,153011,153013,153015,153017,153020,153022],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,153012,1718],{"class":134},[60,153014,122],{"class":74},[60,153016,256],{"class":255},[60,153018,153019],{"class":259},"Value not found",[60,153021,256],{"class":255},[60,153023,128],{"class":74},[20,153025,318],{},[51,153027,153029],{"className":53,"code":153028,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Value not found\n",[15,153030,153031],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,153032,153033,153036,153038],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,153034,153035],{"class":66},"Value ",[60,153037,4581],{"class":70},[60,153039,65589],{"class":66},[20,153041,153042,153043,115],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[260,153044,65599],{"href":65598},[46,153046,8356,153047,544,153049],{"id":65166},[15,153048,36008],{},[15,153050,52587],{},[20,153052,1947,153053,544,153055,153057],{},[15,153054,36008],{},[15,153056,52587],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,153059,153060],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,153062,238],{},[51,153064,153066],{"className":53,"code":153065,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,153067,153068,153096,153100,153121,153145],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,153069,153070,153072,153074,153076,153078,153080,153082,153084,153086,153088,153090,153092,153094],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,153071,674],{"class":66},[60,153073,71],{"class":70},[60,153075,9171],{"class":74},[60,153077,1086],{"class":78},[60,153079,82],{"class":74},[60,153081,883],{"class":78},[60,153083,82],{"class":74},[60,153085,4555],{"class":78},[60,153087,82],{"class":74},[60,153089,878],{"class":78},[60,153091,82],{"class":74},[60,153093,4555],{"class":78},[60,153095,128],{"class":74},[60,153097,153098],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,153099,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,153101,153102,153104,153106,153108,153110,153112,153114,153116,153118],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,153103,135],{"class":134},[60,153105,122],{"class":74},[60,153107,706],{"class":118},[60,153109,115],{"class":74},[60,153111,35781],{"class":118},[60,153113,122],{"class":74},[60,153115,1086],{"class":78},[60,153117,446],{"class":74},[60,153119,153120],{"class":146},"        # 0\n",[60,153122,153123,153125,153127,153129,153131,153133,153135,153137,153139,153141,153143],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,153124,135],{"class":134},[60,153126,122],{"class":74},[60,153128,706],{"class":118},[60,153130,115],{"class":74},[60,153132,35781],{"class":118},[60,153134,122],{"class":74},[60,153136,1086],{"class":78},[60,153138,82],{"class":74},[60,153140,695],{"class":78},[60,153142,446],{"class":74},[60,153144,50881],{"class":146},[60,153146,153147,153149,153151,153153,153155,153157,153159,153161,153163,153165,153167,153169,153171],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,153148,135],{"class":134},[60,153150,122],{"class":74},[60,153152,706],{"class":118},[60,153154,115],{"class":74},[60,153156,35781],{"class":118},[60,153158,122],{"class":74},[60,153160,1086],{"class":78},[60,153162,82],{"class":74},[60,153164,94],{"class":78},[60,153166,82],{"class":74},[60,153168,4555],{"class":78},[60,153170,446],{"class":74},[60,153172,50864],{"class":146},[553,153174,153176],{"id":153175},"how-it-works","How it works",[30,153178,153179,153184,153189],{},[33,153180,153181,153183],{},[15,153182,36008],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[33,153185,153186,153188],{},[15,153187,52587],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[33,153190,1947,153191,153193],{},[15,153192,52587],{}," position itself is not included",[20,153195,238],{},[51,153197,153199],{"className":53,"code":153198,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,153200,153201,153229,153233],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,153202,153203,153205,153207,153209,153211,153213,153215,153217,153219,153221,153223,153225,153227],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,153204,674],{"class":66},[60,153206,71],{"class":70},[60,153208,9171],{"class":74},[60,153210,1086],{"class":78},[60,153212,82],{"class":74},[60,153214,883],{"class":78},[60,153216,82],{"class":74},[60,153218,4555],{"class":78},[60,153220,82],{"class":74},[60,153222,878],{"class":78},[60,153224,82],{"class":74},[60,153226,4555],{"class":78},[60,153228,128],{"class":74},[60,153230,153231],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,153232,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,153234,153235,153237,153239,153241,153243,153245,153247,153249,153251,153253,153255,153257],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,153236,135],{"class":134},[60,153238,122],{"class":74},[60,153240,706],{"class":118},[60,153242,115],{"class":74},[60,153244,35781],{"class":118},[60,153246,122],{"class":74},[60,153248,1086],{"class":78},[60,153250,82],{"class":74},[60,153252,695],{"class":78},[60,153254,82],{"class":74},[60,153256,800],{"class":78},[60,153258,315],{"class":74},[20,153260,318],{},[51,153262,153263],{"className":53,"code":321,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,153264,153265],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,153266,153267],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,153268,321],{"class":78},[20,153270,153271,153272,2154,153274,17007,153276,153278,153279,115],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,153273,79],{},[15,153275,125],{},[15,153277,189],{},", but not ",[15,153280,2465],{},[46,153282,153284],{"id":153283},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,153286,153287,153288,166],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,153289,148954],{},[30,153291,153292,153300,153305,153312],{},[33,153293,153294,153295,153297,153298],{},"Do not confuse the ",[3698,153296,221],{}," with the ",[3698,153299,35781],{},[33,153301,153302,153303],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,153304,195],{},[33,153306,150,153307,153311],{},[260,153308,148980,153309,1869],{"href":149032},[15,153310,17],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[33,153313,153314,153315,153317],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,153316,152844],{}," when you already know the position",[20,153319,153320],{},"Example of value vs index:",[51,153322,153324],{"className":53,"code":153323,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,153325,153326,153358,153362,153386],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,153327,153328,153330,153332,153334,153336,153338,153340,153342,153344,153346,153348,153350,153352,153354,153356],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,153329,36173],{"class":66},[60,153331,71],{"class":70},[60,153333,9171],{"class":74},[60,153335,256],{"class":255},[60,153337,575],{"class":259},[60,153339,256],{"class":255},[60,153341,82],{"class":74},[60,153343,267],{"class":255},[60,153345,1392],{"class":259},[60,153347,256],{"class":255},[60,153349,82],{"class":74},[60,153351,267],{"class":255},[60,153353,33154],{"class":259},[60,153355,256],{"class":255},[60,153357,128],{"class":74},[60,153359,153360],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,153361,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,153363,153364,153366,153368,153370,153372,153374,153376,153378,153380,153382,153384],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,153365,135],{"class":134},[60,153367,122],{"class":74},[60,153369,36225],{"class":118},[60,153371,115],{"class":74},[60,153373,35781],{"class":118},[60,153375,122],{"class":74},[60,153377,256],{"class":255},[60,153379,1392],{"class":259},[60,153381,256],{"class":255},[60,153383,446],{"class":74},[60,153385,647],{"class":146},[60,153387,153388,153390,153392,153394,153396,153398,153400],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,153389,135],{"class":134},[60,153391,122],{"class":74},[60,153393,36225],{"class":118},[60,153395,3854],{"class":74},[60,153397,79],{"class":78},[60,153399,20379],{"class":74},[60,153401,153402],{"class":146},"               # banana\n",[20,153404,2144],{},[30,153406,153407,153411],{},[33,153408,153409,15181],{},[15,153410,65034],{},[33,153412,153413,153415],{},[15,153414,79],{}," is the index",[46,153417,1351],{"id":1350},[20,153419,105878,153420,166],{},[15,153421,148954],{},[30,153423,153424,153427,153432,153437,153444],{},[33,153425,153426],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[33,153428,1454,153429,153431],{},[15,153430,1868],{}," to return all matching positions",[33,153433,153434,153435],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,153436,195],{},[33,153438,153439,153440,544,153442],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,153441,36008],{},[15,153443,52587],{},[33,153445,37138,153446,153448],{},[15,153447,148954],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[553,153450,60469],{"id":60468},[20,153452,94140],{},[51,153454,153456],{"className":53,"code":153455,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,153457,153458,153468,153482,153497,153515],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,153459,153460,153462,153464,153466],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,153461,135],{"class":134},[60,153463,122],{"class":74},[60,153465,147767],{"class":118},[60,153467,128],{"class":74},[60,153469,153470,153472,153474,153476,153478,153480],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,153471,135],{"class":134},[60,153473,122],{"class":74},[60,153475,11097],{"class":134},[60,153477,122],{"class":74},[60,153479,147767],{"class":118},[60,153481,315],{"class":74},[60,153483,153484,153486,153488,153490,153492,153495],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,153485,135],{"class":134},[60,153487,122],{"class":74},[60,153489,1690],{"class":118},[60,153491,511],{"class":1537},[60,153493,153494],{"class":118}," my_tuple",[60,153496,128],{"class":74},[60,153498,153499,153501,153503,153505,153507,153509,153511,153513],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,153500,135],{"class":134},[60,153502,122],{"class":74},[60,153504,147767],{"class":118},[60,153506,115],{"class":74},[60,153508,119],{"class":118},[60,153510,122],{"class":74},[60,153512,221],{"class":118},[60,153514,315],{"class":74},[60,153516,153517,153519,153521,153523,153525,153527,153529,153531],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,153518,135],{"class":134},[60,153520,122],{"class":74},[60,153522,147767],{"class":118},[60,153524,115],{"class":74},[60,153526,35781],{"class":118},[60,153528,122],{"class":74},[60,153530,221],{"class":118},[60,153532,315],{"class":74},[20,153534,153535,153536,84157,153538,153540],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,153537,40638],{},[15,153539,221],{}," is missing.",[20,153542,129384],{},[51,153544,153546],{"className":53,"code":153545,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153547,153548,153560,153578,153584],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,153549,153550,153552,153554,153556,153558],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,153551,6939],{"class":1537},[60,153553,21517],{"class":66},[60,153555,511],{"class":70},[60,153557,153494],{"class":66},[60,153559,1712],{"class":74},[60,153561,153562,153564,153566,153568,153570,153572,153574,153576],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,153563,1718],{"class":134},[60,153565,122],{"class":74},[60,153567,147767],{"class":118},[60,153569,115],{"class":74},[60,153571,35781],{"class":118},[60,153573,122],{"class":74},[60,153575,221],{"class":118},[60,153577,315],{"class":74},[60,153579,153580,153582],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,153581,27367],{"class":1537},[60,153583,1712],{"class":74},[60,153585,153586,153588,153590,153592,153594,153596],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,153587,1718],{"class":134},[60,153589,122],{"class":74},[60,153591,256],{"class":255},[60,153593,153019],{"class":259},[60,153595,256],{"class":255},[60,153597,128],{"class":74},[46,153599,1773],{"id":1772},[553,153601,5090,153603,12652],{"id":153602},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,153604,148954],{},[20,153606,153607],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[553,153609,153611],{"id":153610},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,153613,153614,152481],{},[15,153615,148954],{},[553,153617,148933],{"id":148932},[20,153619,76618,153620,115],{},[15,153621,40638],{},[553,153623,153625],{"id":153624},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,153627,153628,153629,544,153631,153633],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,153630,36008],{},[15,153632,52587],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[553,153635,1806,153637,57127,153639,1435],{"id":153636},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,153638,148954],{},[15,153640,64625],{},[20,153642,153643],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[46,153645,1842],{"id":1841},[30,153647,153648,153654,153658,153663,153667],{},[33,153649,153650],{},[260,153651,148980,153652,1869],{"href":149032},[15,153653,17],{},[33,153655,153656],{},[260,153657,149422],{"href":152848},[33,153659,153660],{},[260,153661,153662],{"href":150728},"Creating a tuple in Python",[33,153664,153665],{},[260,153666,65599],{"href":65598},[33,153668,153669],{},[260,153670,150676],{"href":152486},[1885,153672,153673],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":153675},[153676,153677,153679,153682,153683,153684,153685,153688,153689,153692,153701],{"id":1971,"depth":104,"text":1972},{"id":152393,"depth":104,"text":153678},"What tuple.index() does",{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199,"children":153680},[153681],{"id":17329,"depth":131,"text":17330},{"id":103139,"depth":104,"text":103140},{"id":152823,"depth":104,"text":152824},{"id":65389,"depth":104,"text":65390},{"id":65166,"depth":104,"text":65949,"children":153686},[153687],{"id":153175,"depth":131,"text":153176},{"id":153283,"depth":104,"text":153284},{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351,"children":153690},[153691],{"id":60468,"depth":131,"text":60469},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":153693},[153694,153696,153697,153698,153699],{"id":153602,"depth":131,"text":153695},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153610,"depth":131,"text":153611},{"id":148932,"depth":131,"text":148933},{"id":153624,"depth":131,"text":153625},{"id":153636,"depth":131,"text":153700},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152288,"description":153702},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153709,"title":153710,"body":153711,"description":155106,"extension":1930,"meta":155107,"navigation":421,"path":152848,"seo":155108,"stem":155109,"__hash__":155110},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153712,"toc":155088},[153713,153716,153719,153722,153736,153738,153741,153835,153845,153851,153855,153858,153861,153863,153881,153883,153954,153956,153973,153977,153981,153984,154001,154004,154019,154021,154112,154115,154119,154122,154139,154141,154236,154239,154242,154246,154249,154343,154345,154364,154367,154371,154374,154376,154431,154433,154468,154471,154485,154493,154586,154595,154599,154602,154609,154612,154659,154661,154669,154672,154723,154725,154742,154747,154751,154754,154757,154759,154810,154813,154868,154871,154874,154876,154879,154899,154901,154974,154977,154990,154992,154996,155001,155005,155010,155027,155031,155034,155051,155055,155058,155060,155085],[10,153714,153710],{"id":153715},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,153717,153718],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,153720,153721],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[30,153723,153724,153727,153730,153733],{},[33,153725,153726],{},"positive indexes",[33,153728,153729],{},"negative indexes",[33,153731,153732],{},"common indexing mistakes",[33,153734,153735],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[46,153737,49],{"id":48},[20,153739,153740],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[51,153742,153744],{"className":53,"code":153743,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,153745,153746,153778,153782,153799,153816],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,153747,153748,153750,153752,153754,153756,153758,153760,153762,153764,153766,153768,153770,153772,153774,153776],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,153749,377],{"class":66},[60,153751,71],{"class":70},[60,153753,9171],{"class":74},[60,153755,256],{"class":255},[60,153757,386],{"class":259},[60,153759,256],{"class":255},[60,153761,82],{"class":74},[60,153763,267],{"class":255},[60,153765,404],{"class":259},[60,153767,256],{"class":255},[60,153769,82],{"class":74},[60,153771,267],{"class":255},[60,153773,395],{"class":259},[60,153775,256],{"class":255},[60,153777,128],{"class":74},[60,153779,153780],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,153781,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,153783,153784,153786,153788,153790,153792,153794,153796],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,153785,135],{"class":134},[60,153787,122],{"class":74},[60,153789,431],{"class":118},[60,153791,3854],{"class":74},[60,153793,195],{"class":78},[60,153795,20379],{"class":74},[60,153797,153798],{"class":146},"   # red\n",[60,153800,153801,153803,153805,153807,153809,153811,153813],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,153802,135],{"class":134},[60,153804,122],{"class":74},[60,153806,431],{"class":118},[60,153808,3854],{"class":74},[60,153810,79],{"class":78},[60,153812,20379],{"class":74},[60,153814,153815],{"class":146},"   # green\n",[60,153817,153818,153820,153822,153824,153826,153828,153830,153832],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,153819,135],{"class":134},[60,153821,122],{"class":74},[60,153823,431],{"class":118},[60,153825,3854],{"class":74},[60,153827,1991],{"class":70},[60,153829,79],{"class":78},[60,153831,20379],{"class":74},[60,153833,153834],{"class":146},"  # blue\n",[30,153836,153837,153842],{},[33,153838,132173,153839,153841],{},[15,153840,195],{}," is the first item.",[33,153843,153844],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,153846,153847,153848,115],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[260,153849,153850],{"href":147752},"how to create a tuple in Python",[46,153852,153854],{"id":153853},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,153856,153857],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,153859,153860],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,153862,11394],{},[30,153864,153865,153868,153875,153878],{},[33,153866,153867],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[33,153869,153870,153871,18897,153873],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,153872,195],{},[15,153874,79],{},[33,153876,153877],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[33,153879,153880],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,153882,238],{},[51,153884,153886],{"className":53,"code":153885,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,153887,153888,153908,153912,153926,153940],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,153889,153890,153892,153894,153896,153898,153900,153902,153904,153906],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,153891,67],{"class":66},[60,153893,71],{"class":70},[60,153895,9171],{"class":74},[60,153897,873],{"class":78},[60,153899,82],{"class":74},[60,153901,878],{"class":78},[60,153903,82],{"class":74},[60,153905,888],{"class":78},[60,153907,128],{"class":74},[60,153909,153910],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,153911,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,153913,153914,153916,153918,153920,153922,153924],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,153915,135],{"class":134},[60,153917,122],{"class":74},[60,153919,1506],{"class":118},[60,153921,3854],{"class":74},[60,153923,195],{"class":78},[60,153925,1193],{"class":74},[60,153927,153928,153930,153932,153934,153936,153938],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,153929,135],{"class":134},[60,153931,122],{"class":74},[60,153933,1506],{"class":118},[60,153935,3854],{"class":74},[60,153937,79],{"class":78},[60,153939,1193],{"class":74},[60,153941,153942,153944,153946,153948,153950,153952],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,153943,135],{"class":134},[60,153945,122],{"class":74},[60,153947,1506],{"class":118},[60,153949,3854],{"class":74},[60,153951,125],{"class":78},[60,153953,1193],{"class":74},[20,153955,318],{},[51,153957,153959],{"className":53,"code":153958,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,153960,153961,153965,153969],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,153962,153963],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,153964,2340],{"class":78},[60,153966,153967],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,153968,70984],{"class":78},[60,153970,153971],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,153972,69600],{"class":78},[20,153974,59151,153975,115],{},[260,153976,147749],{"href":147748},[46,153978,153980],{"id":153979},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,153982,153983],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[30,153985,153986,153991,153996],{},[33,153987,153988,153990],{},[15,153989,195],{}," = first item",[33,153992,153993,153995],{},[15,153994,79],{}," = second item",[33,153997,153998,154000],{},[15,153999,125],{}," = third item",[20,154002,154003],{},"Pattern:",[51,154005,154007],{"className":53,"code":154006,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,154008,154009],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,154010,154011,154013,154015,154017],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,154012,152504],{"class":66},[60,154014,3854],{"class":74},[60,154016,35781],{"class":66},[60,154018,101],{"class":74},[20,154020,238],{},[51,154022,154024],{"className":53,"code":154023,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,154025,154026,154058,154062,154079,154095],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,154027,154028,154030,154032,154034,154036,154038,154040,154042,154044,154046,154048,154050,154052,154054,154056],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,154029,36173],{"class":66},[60,154031,71],{"class":70},[60,154033,9171],{"class":74},[60,154035,256],{"class":255},[60,154037,575],{"class":259},[60,154039,256],{"class":255},[60,154041,82],{"class":74},[60,154043,267],{"class":255},[60,154045,1392],{"class":259},[60,154047,256],{"class":255},[60,154049,82],{"class":74},[60,154051,267],{"class":255},[60,154053,4048],{"class":259},[60,154055,256],{"class":255},[60,154057,128],{"class":74},[60,154059,154060],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,154061,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,154063,154064,154066,154068,154070,154072,154074,154076],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,154065,135],{"class":134},[60,154067,122],{"class":74},[60,154069,36225],{"class":118},[60,154071,3854],{"class":74},[60,154073,195],{"class":78},[60,154075,20379],{"class":74},[60,154077,154078],{"class":146},"  # apple\n",[60,154080,154081,154083,154085,154087,154089,154091,154093],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,154082,135],{"class":134},[60,154084,122],{"class":74},[60,154086,36225],{"class":118},[60,154088,3854],{"class":74},[60,154090,79],{"class":78},[60,154092,20379],{"class":74},[60,154094,51412],{"class":146},[60,154096,154097,154099,154101,154103,154105,154107,154109],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,154098,135],{"class":134},[60,154100,122],{"class":74},[60,154102,36225],{"class":118},[60,154104,3854],{"class":74},[60,154106,125],{"class":78},[60,154108,20379],{"class":74},[60,154110,154111],{"class":146},"  # cherry\n",[20,154113,154114],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[46,154116,154118],{"id":154117},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,154120,154121],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[30,154123,154124,154129,154134],{},[33,154125,154126,154128],{},[15,154127,65614],{}," = last item",[33,154130,154131,154133],{},[15,154132,95170],{}," = second-to-last item",[33,154135,154136,154138],{},[15,154137,47601],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,154140,238],{},[51,154142,154144],{"className":53,"code":154143,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,154145,154146,154178,154182,154200,154218],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,154147,154148,154150,154152,154154,154156,154158,154160,154162,154164,154166,154168,154170,154172,154174,154176],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,154149,36173],{"class":66},[60,154151,71],{"class":70},[60,154153,9171],{"class":74},[60,154155,256],{"class":255},[60,154157,575],{"class":259},[60,154159,256],{"class":255},[60,154161,82],{"class":74},[60,154163,267],{"class":255},[60,154165,1392],{"class":259},[60,154167,256],{"class":255},[60,154169,82],{"class":74},[60,154171,267],{"class":255},[60,154173,4048],{"class":259},[60,154175,256],{"class":255},[60,154177,128],{"class":74},[60,154179,154180],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,154181,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,154183,154184,154186,154188,154190,154192,154194,154196,154198],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,154185,135],{"class":134},[60,154187,122],{"class":74},[60,154189,36225],{"class":118},[60,154191,3854],{"class":74},[60,154193,1991],{"class":70},[60,154195,79],{"class":78},[60,154197,20379],{"class":74},[60,154199,154111],{"class":146},[60,154201,154202,154204,154206,154208,154210,154212,154214,154216],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,154203,135],{"class":134},[60,154205,122],{"class":74},[60,154207,36225],{"class":118},[60,154209,3854],{"class":74},[60,154211,1991],{"class":70},[60,154213,125],{"class":78},[60,154215,20379],{"class":74},[60,154217,51412],{"class":146},[60,154219,154220,154222,154224,154226,154228,154230,154232,154234],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,154221,135],{"class":134},[60,154223,122],{"class":74},[60,154225,36225],{"class":118},[60,154227,3854],{"class":74},[60,154229,1991],{"class":70},[60,154231,189],{"class":78},[60,154233,20379],{"class":74},[60,154235,154078],{"class":146},[20,154237,154238],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,154240,154241],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[46,154243,154245],{"id":154244},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,154247,154248],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[51,154250,154252],{"className":53,"code":154251,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,154253,154254,154286,154290,154307,154324],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,154255,154256,154258,154260,154262,154264,154266,154268,154270,154272,154274,154276,154278,154280,154282,154284],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,154257,1559],{"class":66},[60,154259,71],{"class":70},[60,154261,9171],{"class":74},[60,154263,256],{"class":255},[60,154265,12817],{"class":259},[60,154267,256],{"class":255},[60,154269,82],{"class":74},[60,154271,267],{"class":255},[60,154273,35876],{"class":259},[60,154275,256],{"class":255},[60,154277,82],{"class":74},[60,154279,267],{"class":255},[60,154281,35885],{"class":259},[60,154283,256],{"class":255},[60,154285,128],{"class":74},[60,154287,154288],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,154289,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,154291,154292,154294,154296,154298,154300,154302,154304],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,154293,135],{"class":134},[60,154295,122],{"class":74},[60,154297,1599],{"class":118},[60,154299,3854],{"class":74},[60,154301,195],{"class":78},[60,154303,20379],{"class":74},[60,154305,154306],{"class":146},"   # first item\n",[60,154308,154309,154311,154313,154315,154317,154319,154321],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,154310,135],{"class":134},[60,154312,122],{"class":74},[60,154314,1599],{"class":118},[60,154316,3854],{"class":74},[60,154318,79],{"class":78},[60,154320,20379],{"class":74},[60,154322,154323],{"class":146},"   # middle item\n",[60,154325,154326,154328,154330,154332,154334,154336,154338,154340],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,154327,135],{"class":134},[60,154329,122],{"class":74},[60,154331,1599],{"class":118},[60,154333,3854],{"class":74},[60,154335,1991],{"class":70},[60,154337,79],{"class":78},[60,154339,20379],{"class":74},[60,154341,154342],{"class":146},"  # last item\n",[20,154344,318],{},[51,154346,154348],{"className":53,"code":154347,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,154349,154350,154354,154359],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,154351,154352],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,154353,49971],{"class":66},[60,154355,154356],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,154357,154358],{"class":66},"Ben\n",[60,154360,154361],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,154362,154363],{"class":66},"Cara\n",[20,154365,154366],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[46,154368,154370],{"id":154369},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,154372,154373],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,154375,238],{},[51,154377,154379],{"className":53,"code":154378,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,154380,154381,154413,154417],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,154382,154383,154385,154387,154389,154391,154393,154395,154397,154399,154401,154403,154405,154407,154409,154411],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,154384,248],{"class":66},[60,154386,71],{"class":70},[60,154388,9171],{"class":74},[60,154390,256],{"class":255},[60,154392,260],{"class":259},[60,154394,256],{"class":255},[60,154396,82],{"class":74},[60,154398,267],{"class":255},[60,154400,270],{"class":259},[60,154402,256],{"class":255},[60,154404,82],{"class":74},[60,154406,267],{"class":255},[60,154408,287],{"class":259},[60,154410,256],{"class":255},[60,154412,128],{"class":74},[60,154414,154415],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,154416,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,154418,154419,154421,154423,154425,154427,154429],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,154420,135],{"class":134},[60,154422,122],{"class":74},[60,154424,300],{"class":118},[60,154426,3854],{"class":74},[60,154428,1086],{"class":78},[60,154430,1193],{"class":74},[20,154432,318],{},[51,154434,154436],{"className":53,"code":154435,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154437,154438,154450,154455],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,154439,154440,154443,154445,154448],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,154441,154442],{"class":118},"Traceback ",[60,154444,122],{"class":74},[60,154446,154447],{"class":118},"most recent call last",[60,154449,8281],{"class":74},[60,154451,154452],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,154453,154454],{"class":34386},"  ...\n",[60,154456,154457,154459,154461,154463,154466],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,154458,70491],{"class":1656},[60,154460,166],{"class":74},[60,154462,149115],{"class":1656},[60,154464,154465],{"class":66}," index out of ",[60,154467,70683],{"class":134},[20,154469,154470],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[30,154472,154473,154477,154481],{},[33,154474,154475],{},[15,154476,195],{},[33,154478,154479],{},[15,154480,79],{},[33,154482,154483],{},[15,154484,125],{},[20,154486,154487,154488,115],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[260,154489,154490,154492],{"href":148987},[15,154491,1878],{}," on a tuple",[51,154494,154496],{"className":53,"code":154495,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,154497,154498,154530,154534,154550,154554,154572],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,154499,154500,154502,154504,154506,154508,154510,154512,154514,154516,154518,154520,154522,154524,154526,154528],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,154501,248],{"class":66},[60,154503,71],{"class":70},[60,154505,9171],{"class":74},[60,154507,256],{"class":255},[60,154509,260],{"class":259},[60,154511,256],{"class":255},[60,154513,82],{"class":74},[60,154515,267],{"class":255},[60,154517,270],{"class":259},[60,154519,256],{"class":255},[60,154521,82],{"class":74},[60,154523,267],{"class":255},[60,154525,287],{"class":259},[60,154527,256],{"class":255},[60,154529,128],{"class":74},[60,154531,154532],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,154533,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,154535,154536,154538,154540,154542,154544,154546,154548],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,154537,135],{"class":134},[60,154539,122],{"class":74},[60,154541,11097],{"class":134},[60,154543,122],{"class":74},[60,154545,300],{"class":118},[60,154547,446],{"class":74},[60,154549,147],{"class":146},[60,154551,154552],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,154553,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,154555,154556,154558,154560,154562,154564,154566,154568,154570],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,154557,6939],{"class":1537},[60,154559,38319],{"class":134},[60,154561,122],{"class":74},[60,154563,300],{"class":118},[60,154565,143],{"class":74},[60,154567,38329],{"class":70},[60,154569,85],{"class":78},[60,154571,1712],{"class":74},[60,154573,154574,154576,154578,154580,154582,154584],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,154575,1718],{"class":134},[60,154577,122],{"class":74},[60,154579,300],{"class":118},[60,154581,3854],{"class":74},[60,154583,125],{"class":78},[60,154585,1193],{"class":74},[20,154587,154588,154589,115],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[260,154590,25612,154592],{"href":154591},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154593,154594],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[46,154596,154598],{"id":154597},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,154600,154601],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[30,154603,154604,154606],{},[33,154605,76635],{},[33,154607,154608],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,154610,154611],{},"Indexing example:",[51,154613,154615],{"className":53,"code":154614,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,154616,154617,154641,154645],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,154618,154619,154621,154623,154625,154627,154629,154631,154633,154635,154637,154639],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,154620,67],{"class":66},[60,154622,71],{"class":70},[60,154624,9171],{"class":74},[60,154626,873],{"class":78},[60,154628,82],{"class":74},[60,154630,878],{"class":78},[60,154632,82],{"class":74},[60,154634,888],{"class":78},[60,154636,82],{"class":74},[60,154638,50773],{"class":78},[60,154640,128],{"class":74},[60,154642,154643],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,154644,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,154646,154647,154649,154651,154653,154655,154657],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,154648,135],{"class":134},[60,154650,122],{"class":74},[60,154652,1506],{"class":118},[60,154654,3854],{"class":74},[60,154656,79],{"class":78},[60,154658,1193],{"class":74},[20,154660,318],{},[51,154662,154663],{"className":53,"code":70984,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,154664,154665],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,154666,154667],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,154668,70984],{"class":78},[20,154670,154671],{},"Slicing example:",[51,154673,154675],{"className":53,"code":154674,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,154676,154677,154701,154705],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,154678,154679,154681,154683,154685,154687,154689,154691,154693,154695,154697,154699],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,154680,67],{"class":66},[60,154682,71],{"class":70},[60,154684,9171],{"class":74},[60,154686,873],{"class":78},[60,154688,82],{"class":74},[60,154690,878],{"class":78},[60,154692,82],{"class":74},[60,154694,888],{"class":78},[60,154696,82],{"class":74},[60,154698,50773],{"class":78},[60,154700,128],{"class":74},[60,154702,154703],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,154704,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,154706,154707,154709,154711,154713,154715,154717,154719,154721],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,154708,135],{"class":134},[60,154710,122],{"class":74},[60,154712,1506],{"class":118},[60,154714,3854],{"class":74},[60,154716,79],{"class":78},[60,154718,166],{"class":74},[60,154720,189],{"class":78},[60,154722,1193],{"class":74},[20,154724,318],{},[51,154726,154728],{"className":53,"code":154727,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(20, 30)\n",[15,154729,154730],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,154731,154732,154734,154736,154738,154740],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,154733,122],{"class":74},[60,154735,15689],{"class":78},[60,154737,82],{"class":74},[60,154739,888],{"class":78},[60,154741,128],{"class":74},[20,154743,154744,154745,115],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[260,154746,150666],{"href":150665},[46,154748,154750],{"id":154749},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,154752,154753],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,154755,154756],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,154758,6630],{},[51,154760,154762],{"className":53,"code":154761,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,154763,154764,154796],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,154765,154766,154768,154770,154772,154774,154776,154778,154780,154782,154784,154786,154788,154790,154792,154794],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,154767,377],{"class":66},[60,154769,71],{"class":70},[60,154771,9171],{"class":74},[60,154773,256],{"class":255},[60,154775,386],{"class":259},[60,154777,256],{"class":255},[60,154779,82],{"class":74},[60,154781,267],{"class":255},[60,154783,404],{"class":259},[60,154785,256],{"class":255},[60,154787,82],{"class":74},[60,154789,267],{"class":255},[60,154791,395],{"class":259},[60,154793,256],{"class":255},[60,154795,128],{"class":74},[60,154797,154798,154800,154802,154804,154806,154808],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,154799,135],{"class":134},[60,154801,122],{"class":74},[60,154803,431],{"class":118},[60,154805,3854],{"class":74},[60,154807,79],{"class":78},[60,154809,1193],{"class":74},[20,154811,154812],{},"But this does not work:",[51,154814,154816],{"className":53,"code":154815,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,154817,154818,154850],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,154819,154820,154822,154824,154826,154828,154830,154832,154834,154836,154838,154840,154842,154844,154846,154848],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,154821,377],{"class":66},[60,154823,71],{"class":70},[60,154825,9171],{"class":74},[60,154827,256],{"class":255},[60,154829,386],{"class":259},[60,154831,256],{"class":255},[60,154833,82],{"class":74},[60,154835,267],{"class":255},[60,154837,404],{"class":259},[60,154839,256],{"class":255},[60,154841,82],{"class":74},[60,154843,267],{"class":255},[60,154845,395],{"class":259},[60,154847,256],{"class":255},[60,154849,128],{"class":74},[60,154851,154852,154854,154856,154858,154860,154862,154864,154866],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,154853,431],{"class":66},[60,154855,3854],{"class":74},[60,154857,79],{"class":78},[60,154859,13208],{"class":74},[60,154861,13211],{"class":70},[60,154863,267],{"class":255},[60,154865,495],{"class":259},[60,154867,3320],{"class":255},[20,154869,154870],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,154872,154873],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[46,154875,1351],{"id":1350},[20,154877,154878],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[30,154880,154881,154887,154890,154893],{},[33,154882,132477,154883,11028,154885],{},[15,154884,79],{},[15,154886,195],{},[33,154888,154889],{},"Using an index that is too large",[33,154891,154892],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[33,154894,154895,154896],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,154897,154898],{},"tuple[index]",[20,154900,62054],{},[51,154902,154904],{"className":53,"code":154903,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,154905,154906,154916,154930,154944,154960],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,154907,154908,154910,154912,154914],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,154909,135],{"class":134},[60,154911,122],{"class":74},[60,154913,147767],{"class":118},[60,154915,128],{"class":74},[60,154917,154918,154920,154922,154924,154926,154928],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,154919,135],{"class":134},[60,154921,122],{"class":74},[60,154923,11097],{"class":134},[60,154925,122],{"class":74},[60,154927,147767],{"class":118},[60,154929,315],{"class":74},[60,154931,154932,154934,154936,154938,154940,154942],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,154933,135],{"class":134},[60,154935,122],{"class":74},[60,154937,147767],{"class":118},[60,154939,3854],{"class":74},[60,154941,195],{"class":78},[60,154943,1193],{"class":74},[60,154945,154946,154948,154950,154952,154954,154956,154958],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,154947,135],{"class":134},[60,154949,122],{"class":74},[60,154951,147767],{"class":118},[60,154953,3854],{"class":74},[60,154955,1991],{"class":70},[60,154957,79],{"class":78},[60,154959,1193],{"class":74},[60,154961,154962,154964,154966,154968,154970,154972],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,154963,135],{"class":134},[60,154965,122],{"class":74},[60,154967,1657],{"class":1656},[60,154969,122],{"class":74},[60,154971,147767],{"class":118},[60,154973,315],{"class":74},[20,154975,154976],{},"These can help you confirm:",[30,154978,154979,154982,154984,154987],{},[33,154980,154981],{},"what the tuple contains",[33,154983,60543],{},[33,154985,154986],{},"what the first and last items are",[33,154988,154989],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[46,154991,1773],{"id":1772},[553,154993,154995],{"id":154994},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,154997,154998,154999,115],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,155000,195],{},[553,155002,155004],{"id":155003},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,155006,150,155007,155009],{},[15,155008,65614],{}," as the index:",[51,155011,155013],{"className":53,"code":155012,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,155014,155015],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155016,155017,155019,155021,155023,155025],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155018,147767],{"class":66},[60,155020,3854],{"class":74},[60,155022,1991],{"class":70},[60,155024,79],{"class":78},[60,155026,101],{"class":74},[553,155028,155030],{"id":155029},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,155032,155033],{},"Python raises:",[51,155035,155037],{"className":53,"code":155036,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,155038,155039],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155040,155041,155043,155045,155047,155049],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155042,70491],{"class":1656},[60,155044,166],{"class":74},[60,155046,149115],{"class":1656},[60,155048,154465],{"class":66},[60,155050,70683],{"class":134},[553,155052,155054],{"id":155053},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,155056,155057],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[46,155059,1842],{"id":1841},[30,155061,155062,155067,155071,155075,155081],{},[33,155063,155064],{},[260,155065,155066],{"href":147752},"How to create a tuple in Python",[33,155068,155069],{},[260,155070,150666],{"href":150665},[33,155072,155073],{},[260,155074,150671],{"href":148987},[33,155076,155077],{},[260,155078,26055,155079],{"href":154591},[15,155080,154594],{},[33,155082,155083],{},[260,155084,147749],{"href":147748},[1885,155086,155087],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":155089},[155090,155091,155092,155093,155094,155095,155096,155097,155098,155099,155105],{"id":48,"depth":104,"text":49},{"id":153853,"depth":104,"text":153854},{"id":153979,"depth":104,"text":153980},{"id":154117,"depth":104,"text":154118},{"id":154244,"depth":104,"text":154245},{"id":154369,"depth":104,"text":154370},{"id":154597,"depth":104,"text":154598},{"id":154749,"depth":104,"text":154750},{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":155100},[155101,155102,155103,155104],{"id":154994,"depth":131,"text":154995},{"id":155003,"depth":131,"text":155004},{"id":155029,"depth":131,"text":155030},{"id":155053,"depth":131,"text":155054},{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153710,"description":155106},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155112,"title":155113,"body":155114,"description":157003,"extension":1930,"meta":157004,"navigation":421,"path":157005,"seo":157006,"stem":157007,"__hash__":157008},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155115,"toc":156960},[155116,155122,155127,155178,155182,155190,155196,155198,155214,155216,155219,155234,155236,155249,155251,155308,155312,155320,155327,155333,155339,155343,155394,155398,155406,155410,155439,155443,155451,155455,155488,155492,155500,155504,155507,155558,155562,155570,155572,155589,155593,155597,155656,155660,155668,155671,155698,155702,155710,155714,155720,155795,155799,155836,155844,155848,155911,155915,155923,155928,155932,155938,155981,155985,155993,155999,156002,156049,156053,156061,156070,156076,156131,156135,156143,156146,156150,156152,156183,156187,156206,156209,156254,156258,156281,156287,156292,156294,156341,156346,156349,156397,156401,156409,156413,156418,156422,156472,156476,156491,156495,156553,156557,156572,156576,156647,156651,156660,156664,156743,156747,156769,156777,156779,156782,156807,156809,156862,156864,156881,156883,156887,156893,156898,156903,156907,156912,156916,156921,156927,156930,156932,156957],[10,155117,155119,155120,143],{"id":155118},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,155121,11097],{},[20,155123,150,155124,155126],{},[15,155125,1878],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[51,155128,155130],{"className":53,"code":155129,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155131,155132,155164],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155133,155134,155136,155138,155140,155142,155144,155146,155148,155150,155152,155154,155156,155158,155160,155162],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155135,377],{"class":66},[60,155137,71],{"class":70},[60,155139,9171],{"class":74},[60,155141,256],{"class":255},[60,155143,386],{"class":259},[60,155145,256],{"class":255},[60,155147,82],{"class":74},[60,155149,267],{"class":255},[60,155151,404],{"class":259},[60,155153,256],{"class":255},[60,155155,82],{"class":74},[60,155157,267],{"class":255},[60,155159,395],{"class":259},[60,155161,256],{"class":255},[60,155163,128],{"class":74},[60,155165,155166,155168,155170,155172,155174,155176],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,155167,135],{"class":134},[60,155169,122],{"class":74},[60,155171,11097],{"class":134},[60,155173,122],{"class":74},[60,155175,431],{"class":118},[60,155177,315],{"class":74},[20,155179,155180],{},[3698,155181,318],{},[51,155183,155184],{"className":53,"code":931,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,155185,155186],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155187,155188],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155189,931],{"class":78},[20,155191,150,155192,155195],{},[15,155193,155194],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[46,155197,15097],{"id":15096},[30,155199,155200,155205,155209,155212],{},[33,155201,4149,155202,155204],{},[15,155203,1878],{}," works with tuples",[33,155206,68018,155207,11642],{},[15,155208,1878],{},[33,155210,155211],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[33,155213,4468],{},[46,155215,199],{"id":198},[20,155217,155218],{},"Use this pattern:",[51,155220,155222],{"className":53,"code":155221,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,155223,155224],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155225,155226,155228,155230,155232],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155227,11097],{"class":134},[60,155229,122],{"class":74},[60,155231,147767],{"class":118},[60,155233,128],{"class":74},[20,155235,11394],{},[30,155237,155238,155241,155244],{},[33,155239,155240],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[33,155242,155243],{},"The result is an integer",[33,155245,155246,155248],{},[15,155247,1878],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,155250,238],{},[51,155252,155254],{"className":53,"code":155253,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,155255,155256,155280,155294,155298],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155257,155258,155260,155262,155264,155266,155268,155270,155272,155274,155276,155278],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155259,67],{"class":66},[60,155261,71],{"class":70},[60,155263,9171],{"class":74},[60,155265,873],{"class":78},[60,155267,82],{"class":74},[60,155269,878],{"class":78},[60,155271,82],{"class":74},[60,155273,888],{"class":78},[60,155275,82],{"class":74},[60,155277,50773],{"class":78},[60,155279,128],{"class":74},[60,155281,155282,155284,155286,155288,155290,155292],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,155283,41176],{"class":66},[60,155285,71],{"class":70},[60,155287,38319],{"class":134},[60,155289,122],{"class":74},[60,155291,1506],{"class":118},[60,155293,128],{"class":74},[60,155295,155296],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,155297,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,155299,155300,155302,155304,155306],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,155301,135],{"class":134},[60,155303,122],{"class":74},[60,155305,119],{"class":118},[60,155307,128],{"class":74},[20,155309,155310],{},[3698,155311,318],{},[51,155313,155314],{"className":53,"code":48581,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,155315,155316],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155317,155318],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155319,48581],{"class":78},[20,155321,155322,155323,115],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[260,155324,1875,155325,3471],{"href":42290},[15,155326,1878],{},[46,155328,158,155330,155332],{"id":155329},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,155331,1878],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,155334,155335,155336,155338],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,155337,1878],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[553,155340,155342],{"id":155341},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[51,155344,155346],{"className":53,"code":155345,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,155347,155348,155380],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155349,155350,155352,155354,155356,155358,155360,155362,155364,155366,155368,155370,155372,155374,155376,155378],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155351,36173],{"class":66},[60,155353,71],{"class":70},[60,155355,9171],{"class":74},[60,155357,256],{"class":255},[60,155359,575],{"class":259},[60,155361,256],{"class":255},[60,155363,82],{"class":74},[60,155365,267],{"class":255},[60,155367,1392],{"class":259},[60,155369,256],{"class":255},[60,155371,82],{"class":74},[60,155373,267],{"class":255},[60,155375,33154],{"class":259},[60,155377,256],{"class":255},[60,155379,128],{"class":74},[60,155381,155382,155384,155386,155388,155390,155392],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,155383,135],{"class":134},[60,155385,122],{"class":74},[60,155387,11097],{"class":134},[60,155389,122],{"class":74},[60,155391,36225],{"class":118},[60,155393,315],{"class":74},[20,155395,155396],{},[3698,155397,318],{},[51,155399,155400],{"className":53,"code":931,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,155401,155402],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155403,155404],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155405,931],{"class":78},[553,155407,155409],{"id":155408},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[51,155411,155413],{"className":53,"code":155412,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,155414,155415,155424],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155416,155417,155420,155422],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155418,155419],{"class":66},"empty_tuple ",[60,155421,71],{"class":70},[60,155423,149091],{"class":74},[60,155425,155426,155428,155430,155432,155434,155437],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,155427,135],{"class":134},[60,155429,122],{"class":74},[60,155431,11097],{"class":134},[60,155433,122],{"class":74},[60,155435,155436],{"class":118},"empty_tuple",[60,155438,315],{"class":74},[20,155440,155441],{},[3698,155442,318],{},[51,155444,155445],{"className":53,"code":1107,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,155446,155447],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155448,155449],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155450,1107],{"class":78},[553,155452,155454],{"id":155453},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[51,155456,155458],{"className":53,"code":155457,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,155459,155460,155473],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155461,155462,155465,155467,155469,155471],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155463,155464],{"class":66},"single_value ",[60,155466,71],{"class":70},[60,155468,9171],{"class":74},[60,155470,1086],{"class":78},[60,155472,149105],{"class":74},[60,155474,155475,155477,155479,155481,155483,155486],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,155476,135],{"class":134},[60,155478,122],{"class":74},[60,155480,11097],{"class":134},[60,155482,122],{"class":74},[60,155484,155485],{"class":118},"single_value",[60,155487,315],{"class":74},[20,155489,155490],{},[3698,155491,318],{},[51,155493,155494],{"className":53,"code":46848,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,155495,155496],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155497,155498],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155499,46848],{"class":78},[553,155501,155503],{"id":155502},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,155505,155506],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[51,155508,155510],{"className":53,"code":155509,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,155511,155512,155544],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155513,155514,155516,155518,155520,155522,155524,155526,155528,155530,155532,155534,155536,155538,155540,155542],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155515,1127],{"class":66},[60,155517,71],{"class":70},[60,155519,9171],{"class":74},[60,155521,79],{"class":78},[60,155523,82],{"class":74},[60,155525,9171],{"class":74},[60,155527,125],{"class":78},[60,155529,82],{"class":74},[60,155531,94],{"class":78},[60,155533,9168],{"class":74},[60,155535,75],{"class":74},[60,155537,2465],{"class":78},[60,155539,82],{"class":74},[60,155541,4555],{"class":78},[60,155543,1193],{"class":74},[60,155545,155546,155548,155550,155552,155554,155556],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,155547,135],{"class":134},[60,155549,122],{"class":74},[60,155551,11097],{"class":134},[60,155553,122],{"class":74},[60,155555,9139],{"class":118},[60,155557,315],{"class":74},[20,155559,155560],{},[3698,155561,318],{},[51,155563,155564],{"className":53,"code":931,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,155565,155566],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155567,155568],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155569,931],{"class":78},[20,155571,19891],{},[30,155573,155574,155579,155584],{},[33,155575,155576,155578],{},[15,155577,79],{}," is one item",[33,155580,155581,155578],{},[15,155582,155583],{},"(2, 3)",[33,155585,155586,155578],{},[15,155587,155588],{},"[4, 5]",[46,155590,155592],{"id":155591},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[553,155594,155596],{"id":155595},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[51,155598,155600],{"className":53,"code":155599,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155601,155602,155642],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155603,155604,155606,155608,155610,155612,155614,155616,155618,155620,155622,155624,155626,155628,155630,155632,155634,155636,155638,155640],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155605,377],{"class":66},[60,155607,71],{"class":70},[60,155609,9171],{"class":74},[60,155611,256],{"class":255},[60,155613,386],{"class":259},[60,155615,256],{"class":255},[60,155617,82],{"class":74},[60,155619,267],{"class":255},[60,155621,404],{"class":259},[60,155623,256],{"class":255},[60,155625,82],{"class":74},[60,155627,267],{"class":255},[60,155629,395],{"class":259},[60,155631,256],{"class":255},[60,155633,82],{"class":74},[60,155635,267],{"class":255},[60,155637,495],{"class":259},[60,155639,256],{"class":255},[60,155641,128],{"class":74},[60,155643,155644,155646,155648,155650,155652,155654],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,155645,135],{"class":134},[60,155647,122],{"class":74},[60,155649,11097],{"class":134},[60,155651,122],{"class":74},[60,155653,431],{"class":118},[60,155655,315],{"class":74},[20,155657,155658],{},[3698,155659,318],{},[51,155661,155662],{"className":53,"code":48581,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,155663,155664],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155665,155666],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155667,48581],{"class":78},[553,155669,155409],{"id":155670},"empty-tuple-1",[51,155672,155674],{"className":53,"code":155673,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,155675,155676,155684],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155677,155678,155680,155682],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155679,777],{"class":66},[60,155681,71],{"class":70},[60,155683,149091],{"class":74},[60,155685,155686,155688,155690,155692,155694,155696],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,155687,135],{"class":134},[60,155689,122],{"class":74},[60,155691,11097],{"class":134},[60,155693,122],{"class":74},[60,155695,828],{"class":118},[60,155697,315],{"class":74},[20,155699,155700],{},[3698,155701,318],{},[51,155703,155704],{"className":53,"code":1107,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,155705,155706],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155707,155708],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155709,1107],{"class":78},[553,155711,155713],{"id":155712},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,155715,155716,155717,155719],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[3698,155718,4581],{}," always a tuple.",[51,155721,155723],{"className":53,"code":155722,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,155724,155725,155737,155749,155753,155767,155781],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155726,155727,155729,155731,155733,155735],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155728,2515],{"class":66},[60,155730,71],{"class":70},[60,155732,9171],{"class":74},[60,155734,1086],{"class":78},[60,155736,128],{"class":74},[60,155738,155739,155741,155743,155745,155747],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,155740,2543],{"class":66},[60,155742,71],{"class":70},[60,155744,9171],{"class":74},[60,155746,1086],{"class":78},[60,155748,149105],{"class":74},[60,155750,155751],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,155752,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,155754,155755,155757,155759,155761,155763,155765],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,155756,135],{"class":134},[60,155758,122],{"class":74},[60,155760,1657],{"class":1656},[60,155762,122],{"class":74},[60,155764,260],{"class":118},[60,155766,315],{"class":74},[60,155768,155769,155771,155773,155775,155777,155779],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,155770,135],{"class":134},[60,155772,122],{"class":74},[60,155774,1657],{"class":1656},[60,155776,122],{"class":74},[60,155778,270],{"class":118},[60,155780,315],{"class":74},[60,155782,155783,155785,155787,155789,155791,155793],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,155784,135],{"class":134},[60,155786,122],{"class":74},[60,155788,11097],{"class":134},[60,155790,122],{"class":74},[60,155792,270],{"class":118},[60,155794,315],{"class":74},[20,155796,155797],{},[3698,155798,318],{},[51,155800,155802],{"className":53,"code":155801,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155803,155804,155818,155832],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155805,155806,155808,155810,155812,155814,155816],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155807,3250],{"class":70},[60,155809,3253],{"class":2033},[60,155811,3256],{"class":255},[60,155813,345],{"class":259},[60,155815,3261],{"class":255},[60,155817,3264],{"class":70},[60,155819,155820,155822,155824,155826,155828,155830],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,155821,3250],{"class":70},[60,155823,3253],{"class":2033},[60,155825,3256],{"class":255},[60,155827,48884],{"class":259},[60,155829,3261],{"class":255},[60,155831,3264],{"class":70},[60,155833,155834],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,155835,46848],{"class":78},[20,155837,155838,155839,544,155842,115],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[260,155840,155841],{"href":147752},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[260,155843,149053],{"href":149052},[553,155845,155847],{"id":155846},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[51,155849,155851],{"className":53,"code":155850,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,155852,155853,155897],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155854,155855,155857,155859,155861,155863,155865,155867,155869,155871,155873,155875,155877,155879,155881,155883,155885,155887,155889,155891,155893,155895],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155856,59231],{"class":66},[60,155858,71],{"class":70},[60,155860,9171],{"class":74},[60,155862,256],{"class":255},[60,155864,575],{"class":259},[60,155866,256],{"class":255},[60,155868,82],{"class":74},[60,155870,75],{"class":74},[60,155872,79],{"class":78},[60,155874,82],{"class":74},[60,155876,85],{"class":78},[60,155878,791],{"class":74},[60,155880,9171],{"class":74},[60,155882,256],{"class":255},[60,155884,2139],{"class":259},[60,155886,256],{"class":255},[60,155888,82],{"class":74},[60,155890,267],{"class":255},[60,155892,11682],{"class":259},[60,155894,256],{"class":255},[60,155896,315],{"class":74},[60,155898,155899,155901,155903,155905,155907,155909],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,155900,135],{"class":134},[60,155902,122],{"class":74},[60,155904,11097],{"class":134},[60,155906,122],{"class":74},[60,155908,59284],{"class":118},[60,155910,315],{"class":74},[20,155912,155913],{},[3698,155914,318],{},[51,155916,155917],{"className":53,"code":931,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,155918,155919],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155920,155921],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155922,931],{"class":78},[20,155924,155925,155927],{},[15,155926,1878],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[46,155929,155931],{"id":155930},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[553,155933,155935,155937],{"id":155934},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,155936,1878],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[51,155939,155941],{"className":53,"code":155940,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,155942,155943,155967],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155944,155945,155947,155949,155951,155953,155955,155957,155959,155961,155963,155965],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155946,566],{"class":66},[60,155948,71],{"class":70},[60,155950,9171],{"class":74},[60,155952,256],{"class":255},[60,155954,63355],{"class":259},[60,155956,256],{"class":255},[60,155958,82],{"class":74},[60,155960,267],{"class":255},[60,155962,55],{"class":259},[60,155964,256],{"class":255},[60,155966,128],{"class":74},[60,155968,155969,155971,155973,155975,155977,155979],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,155970,135],{"class":134},[60,155972,122],{"class":74},[60,155974,11097],{"class":134},[60,155976,122],{"class":74},[60,155978,605],{"class":118},[60,155980,315],{"class":74},[20,155982,155983],{},[3698,155984,318],{},[51,155986,155987],{"className":53,"code":321,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,155988,155989],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155990,155991],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155992,321],{"class":78},[20,155994,155995,155996,155998],{},"This result is ",[15,155997,125],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,156000,156001],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[51,156003,156005],{"className":53,"code":156004,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,156006,156007,156031],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156008,156009,156011,156013,156015,156017,156019,156021,156023,156025,156027,156029],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156010,566],{"class":66},[60,156012,71],{"class":70},[60,156014,9171],{"class":74},[60,156016,256],{"class":255},[60,156018,63355],{"class":259},[60,156020,256],{"class":255},[60,156022,82],{"class":74},[60,156024,267],{"class":255},[60,156026,55],{"class":259},[60,156028,256],{"class":255},[60,156030,128],{"class":74},[60,156032,156033,156035,156037,156039,156041,156043,156045,156047],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,156034,135],{"class":134},[60,156036,122],{"class":74},[60,156038,11097],{"class":134},[60,156040,122],{"class":74},[60,156042,605],{"class":118},[60,156044,3854],{"class":74},[60,156046,195],{"class":78},[60,156048,2958],{"class":74},[20,156050,156051],{},[3698,156052,318],{},[51,156054,156055],{"className":53,"code":321,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,156056,156057],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156058,156059],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156060,321],{"class":78},[20,156062,20704,156063,156066,156067,115],{},[15,156064,156065],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,156068,156069],{},"\"hi\"",[553,156071,156073,156075],{"id":156072},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,156074,1878],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[51,156077,156079],{"className":53,"code":156078,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,156080,156081,156117],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156082,156083,156085,156087,156089,156091,156093,156095,156097,156099,156101,156103,156105,156107,156109,156111,156113,156115],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156084,674],{"class":66},[60,156086,71],{"class":70},[60,156088,9930],{"class":74},[60,156090,79],{"class":78},[60,156092,82],{"class":74},[60,156094,85],{"class":78},[60,156096,9168],{"class":74},[60,156098,9171],{"class":74},[60,156100,189],{"class":78},[60,156102,82],{"class":74},[60,156104,800],{"class":78},[60,156106,9168],{"class":74},[60,156108,9171],{"class":74},[60,156110,1086],{"class":78},[60,156112,82],{"class":74},[60,156114,37578],{"class":78},[60,156116,315],{"class":74},[60,156118,156119,156121,156123,156125,156127,156129],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,156120,135],{"class":134},[60,156122,122],{"class":74},[60,156124,11097],{"class":134},[60,156126,122],{"class":74},[60,156128,706],{"class":118},[60,156130,315],{"class":74},[20,156132,156133],{},[3698,156134,318],{},[51,156136,156137],{"className":53,"code":931,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,156138,156139],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156140,156141],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156142,931],{"class":78},[20,156144,156145],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[553,156147,156149],{"id":156148},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,156151,25623],{},[51,156153,156155],{"className":53,"code":156154,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,156156,156157,156169],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156158,156159,156161,156163,156165,156167],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156160,1690],{"class":66},[60,156162,71],{"class":70},[60,156164,9171],{"class":74},[60,156166,873],{"class":78},[60,156168,128],{"class":74},[60,156170,156171,156173,156175,156177,156179,156181],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,156172,135],{"class":134},[60,156174,122],{"class":74},[60,156176,1657],{"class":1656},[60,156178,122],{"class":74},[60,156180,221],{"class":118},[60,156182,315],{"class":74},[20,156184,156185],{},[3698,156186,318],{},[51,156188,156190],{"className":53,"code":156189,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,156191,156192],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156193,156194,156196,156198,156200,156202,156204],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156195,3250],{"class":70},[60,156197,3253],{"class":2033},[60,156199,3256],{"class":255},[60,156201,345],{"class":259},[60,156203,3261],{"class":255},[60,156205,3264],{"class":70},[20,156207,156208],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[51,156210,156212],{"className":53,"code":156211,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,156213,156214,156226,156240],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156215,156216,156218,156220,156222,156224],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156217,1690],{"class":66},[60,156219,71],{"class":70},[60,156221,9171],{"class":74},[60,156223,873],{"class":78},[60,156225,149105],{"class":74},[60,156227,156228,156230,156232,156234,156236,156238],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,156229,135],{"class":134},[60,156231,122],{"class":74},[60,156233,1657],{"class":1656},[60,156235,122],{"class":74},[60,156237,221],{"class":118},[60,156239,315],{"class":74},[60,156241,156242,156244,156246,156248,156250,156252],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,156243,135],{"class":134},[60,156245,122],{"class":74},[60,156247,11097],{"class":134},[60,156249,122],{"class":74},[60,156251,221],{"class":118},[60,156253,315],{"class":74},[20,156255,156256],{},[3698,156257,318],{},[51,156259,156261],{"className":53,"code":156260,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156262,156263,156277],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156264,156265,156267,156269,156271,156273,156275],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156266,3250],{"class":70},[60,156268,3253],{"class":2033},[60,156270,3256],{"class":255},[60,156272,48884],{"class":259},[60,156274,3261],{"class":255},[60,156276,3264],{"class":70},[60,156278,156279],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,156280,46848],{"class":78},[553,156282,156284,156286],{"id":156283},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,156285,11097],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,156288,44360,156289,156291],{},[15,156290,11097],{}," as a variable name.",[20,156293,44391],{},[51,156295,156297],{"className":53,"code":156296,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156298,156299,156307,156327],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156300,156301,156303,156305],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156302,11097],{"class":134},[60,156304,13211],{"class":70},[60,156306,2548],{"class":78},[60,156308,156309,156311,156313,156315,156317,156319,156321,156323,156325],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,156310,67],{"class":66},[60,156312,71],{"class":70},[60,156314,9171],{"class":74},[60,156316,79],{"class":78},[60,156318,82],{"class":74},[60,156320,85],{"class":78},[60,156322,82],{"class":74},[60,156324,94],{"class":78},[60,156326,128],{"class":74},[60,156328,156329,156331,156333,156335,156337,156339],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,156330,135],{"class":134},[60,156332,122],{"class":74},[60,156334,11097],{"class":134},[60,156336,122],{"class":74},[60,156338,1506],{"class":118},[60,156340,315],{"class":74},[20,156342,39587,156343,156345],{},[15,156344,11097],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,156347,156348],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[51,156350,156352],{"className":53,"code":156351,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156353,156354,156363,156383],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156355,156356,156359,156361],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156357,156358],{"class":66},"length_value ",[60,156360,71],{"class":70},[60,156362,2548],{"class":78},[60,156364,156365,156367,156369,156371,156373,156375,156377,156379,156381],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,156366,67],{"class":66},[60,156368,71],{"class":70},[60,156370,9171],{"class":74},[60,156372,79],{"class":78},[60,156374,82],{"class":74},[60,156376,85],{"class":78},[60,156378,82],{"class":74},[60,156380,94],{"class":78},[60,156382,128],{"class":74},[60,156384,156385,156387,156389,156391,156393,156395],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,156386,135],{"class":134},[60,156388,122],{"class":74},[60,156390,11097],{"class":134},[60,156392,122],{"class":74},[60,156394,1506],{"class":118},[60,156396,315],{"class":74},[20,156398,156399],{},[3698,156400,318],{},[51,156402,156403],{"className":53,"code":931,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,156404,156405],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156406,156407],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156408,931],{"class":78},[46,156410,156412],{"id":156411},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,156414,156415,156417],{},[15,156416,1878],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[553,156419,156421],{"id":156420},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[51,156423,156425],{"className":53,"code":156424,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,156426,156427,156435,156439,156457],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156428,156429,156431,156433],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156430,777],{"class":66},[60,156432,71],{"class":70},[60,156434,149091],{"class":74},[60,156436,156437],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,156438,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,156440,156441,156443,156445,156447,156449,156451,156453,156455],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,156442,6939],{"class":1537},[60,156444,38319],{"class":134},[60,156446,122],{"class":74},[60,156448,828],{"class":118},[60,156450,143],{"class":74},[60,156452,6349],{"class":70},[60,156454,3789],{"class":78},[60,156456,1712],{"class":74},[60,156458,156459,156461,156463,156465,156468,156470],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,156460,1718],{"class":134},[60,156462,122],{"class":74},[60,156464,256],{"class":255},[60,156466,156467],{"class":259},"The tuple is empty",[60,156469,256],{"class":255},[60,156471,128],{"class":74},[20,156473,156474],{},[3698,156475,318],{},[51,156477,156479],{"className":53,"code":156478,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,156480,156481],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156482,156483,156485,156487,156489],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156484,1947],{"class":66},[60,156486,48884],{"class":1656},[60,156488,8036],{"class":70},[60,156490,8042],{"class":66},[553,156492,156494],{"id":156493},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[51,156496,156498],{"className":53,"code":156497,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,156499,156500,156516,156520,156538],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156501,156502,156504,156506,156508,156510,156512,156514],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156503,51312],{"class":66},[60,156505,71],{"class":70},[60,156507,9171],{"class":74},[60,156509,2465],{"class":78},[60,156511,82],{"class":74},[60,156513,5938],{"class":78},[60,156515,128],{"class":74},[60,156517,156518],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,156519,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,156521,156522,156524,156526,156528,156530,156532,156534,156536],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,156523,6939],{"class":1537},[60,156525,38319],{"class":134},[60,156527,122],{"class":74},[60,156529,51337],{"class":118},[60,156531,143],{"class":74},[60,156533,6349],{"class":70},[60,156535,85],{"class":78},[60,156537,1712],{"class":74},[60,156539,156540,156542,156544,156546,156549,156551],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,156541,1718],{"class":134},[60,156543,122],{"class":74},[60,156545,256],{"class":255},[60,156547,156548],{"class":259},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[60,156550,256],{"class":255},[60,156552,128],{"class":74},[20,156554,156555],{},[3698,156556,318],{},[51,156558,156560],{"className":53,"code":156559,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,156561,156562],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156563,156564,156567,156569],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156565,156566],{"class":66},"This looks like an x",[60,156568,82],{"class":74},[60,156570,156571],{"class":66}," y coordinate\n",[553,156573,156575],{"id":156574},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[51,156577,156579],{"className":53,"code":156578,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,156580,156581,156610,156614,156632],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156582,156583,156585,156587,156589,156591,156593,156595,156597,156599,156601,156603,156606,156608],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156584,11424],{"class":66},[60,156586,71],{"class":70},[60,156588,9171],{"class":74},[60,156590,256],{"class":255},[60,156592,12817],{"class":259},[60,156594,256],{"class":255},[60,156596,82],{"class":74},[60,156598,9241],{"class":78},[60,156600,82],{"class":74},[60,156602,267],{"class":255},[60,156604,156605],{"class":259},"Canada",[60,156607,256],{"class":255},[60,156609,128],{"class":74},[60,156611,156612],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,156613,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,156615,156616,156618,156620,156622,156624,156626,156628,156630],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,156617,6939],{"class":1537},[60,156619,38319],{"class":134},[60,156621,122],{"class":74},[60,156623,11518],{"class":118},[60,156625,143],{"class":74},[60,156627,6349],{"class":70},[60,156629,94],{"class":78},[60,156631,1712],{"class":74},[60,156633,156634,156636,156638,156640,156643,156645],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,156635,1718],{"class":134},[60,156637,122],{"class":74},[60,156639,256],{"class":255},[60,156641,156642],{"class":259},"User record has the expected number of values",[60,156644,256],{"class":255},[60,156646,128],{"class":74},[20,156648,156649],{},[3698,156650,318],{},[51,156652,156654],{"className":53,"code":156653,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,156655,156656],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156657,156658],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156659,156653],{"class":66},[553,156661,156663],{"id":156662},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[51,156665,156667],{"className":53,"code":156666,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,156668,156669,156701,156705,156725],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156670,156671,156673,156675,156677,156679,156681,156683,156685,156687,156689,156691,156693,156695,156697,156699],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156672,248],{"class":66},[60,156674,71],{"class":70},[60,156676,9171],{"class":74},[60,156678,256],{"class":255},[60,156680,260],{"class":259},[60,156682,256],{"class":255},[60,156684,82],{"class":74},[60,156686,267],{"class":255},[60,156688,270],{"class":259},[60,156690,256],{"class":255},[60,156692,82],{"class":74},[60,156694,267],{"class":255},[60,156696,287],{"class":259},[60,156698,256],{"class":255},[60,156700,128],{"class":74},[60,156702,156703],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,156704,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,156706,156707,156709,156711,156713,156715,156717,156719,156721,156723],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,156708,1702],{"class":1537},[60,156710,69308],{"class":66},[60,156712,511],{"class":1537},[60,156714,53994],{"class":134},[60,156716,122],{"class":74},[60,156718,11097],{"class":134},[60,156720,122],{"class":74},[60,156722,300],{"class":118},[60,156724,69323],{"class":74},[60,156726,156727,156729,156731,156733,156735,156737,156739,156741],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,156728,1718],{"class":134},[60,156730,122],{"class":74},[60,156732,36088],{"class":118},[60,156734,82],{"class":74},[60,156736,69856],{"class":118},[60,156738,3854],{"class":74},[60,156740,36088],{"class":118},[60,156742,1193],{"class":74},[20,156744,156745],{},[3698,156746,318],{},[51,156748,156749],{"className":53,"code":36100,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,156750,156751,156757,156763],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156752,156753,156755],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156754,195],{"class":78},[60,156756,36109],{"class":66},[60,156758,156759,156761],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,156760,79],{"class":78},[60,156762,36116],{"class":66},[60,156764,156765,156767],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,156766,125],{"class":78},[60,156768,36123],{"class":66},[20,156770,156771,156772,156774,156775,115],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[260,156773,149422],{"href":149421},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[260,156776,150666],{"href":150665},[46,156778,1351],{"id":1350},[20,156780,156781],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[30,156783,156784,156792,156799,156804],{},[33,156785,156786,156787,11028,156790],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,156788,156789],{},"(5)",[15,156791,149256],{},[33,156793,8356,156794,156796,156797],{},[15,156795,11097],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,156798,1878],{},[33,156800,1454,156801,156803],{},[15,156802,1878],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[33,156805,156806],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,156808,32015],{},[51,156810,156812],{"className":53,"code":156811,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,156813,156814,156824,156838,156852],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156815,156816,156818,156820,156822],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156817,135],{"class":134},[60,156819,122],{"class":74},[60,156821,147767],{"class":118},[60,156823,128],{"class":74},[60,156825,156826,156828,156830,156832,156834,156836],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,156827,135],{"class":134},[60,156829,122],{"class":74},[60,156831,1657],{"class":1656},[60,156833,122],{"class":74},[60,156835,147767],{"class":118},[60,156837,315],{"class":74},[60,156839,156840,156842,156844,156846,156848,156850],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,156841,135],{"class":134},[60,156843,122],{"class":74},[60,156845,11097],{"class":134},[60,156847,122],{"class":74},[60,156849,147767],{"class":118},[60,156851,315],{"class":74},[60,156853,156854,156856,156858,156860],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,156855,32085],{"class":134},[60,156857,122],{"class":74},[60,156859,11097],{"class":134},[60,156861,128],{"class":74},[20,156863,154976],{},[30,156865,156866,156869,156872,156876],{},[33,156867,156868],{},"what value you are using",[33,156870,156871],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[33,156873,25952,156874,11642],{},[15,156875,1878],{},[33,156877,123140,156878,156880],{},[15,156879,1878],{}," is documented in Python",[46,156882,1773],{"id":1772},[553,156884,156886],{"id":156885},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,156888,150,156889,156892],{},[15,156890,156891],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[553,156894,1777,156896,148926],{"id":156895},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,156897,1878],{},[20,156899,46297,156900,156902],{},[15,156901,1878],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[553,156904,156906],{"id":156905},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,156908,156909,156910,115],{},"The length is ",[15,156911,195],{},[553,156913,156915],{"id":156914},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,156917,150612,156918,156920],{},[15,156919,150615],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[553,156922,1777,156924,156926],{"id":156923},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,156925,1878],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,156928,156929],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[46,156931,1842],{"id":1841},[30,156933,156934,156940,156944,156948,156952],{},[33,156935,156936],{},[260,156937,1875,156938,3471],{"href":42290},[15,156939,1878],{},[33,156941,156942],{},[260,156943,155841],{"href":147752},[33,156945,156946],{},[260,156947,149422],{"href":149421},[33,156949,156950],{},[260,156951,150666],{"href":150665},[33,156953,156954],{},[260,156955,156956],{"href":149052},"What is a tuple in Python",[1885,156958,156959],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":156961},[156962,156963,156964,156971,156977,156986,156992,156993,157002],{"id":15096,"depth":104,"text":15097},{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199},{"id":155329,"depth":104,"text":156965,"children":156966},"What len() returns for a tuple",[156967,156968,156969,156970],{"id":155341,"depth":131,"text":155342},{"id":155408,"depth":131,"text":155409},{"id":155453,"depth":131,"text":155454},{"id":155502,"depth":131,"text":155503},{"id":155591,"depth":104,"text":155592,"children":156972},[156973,156974,156975,156976],{"id":155595,"depth":131,"text":155596},{"id":155670,"depth":131,"text":155409},{"id":155712,"depth":131,"text":155713},{"id":155846,"depth":131,"text":155847},{"id":155930,"depth":104,"text":155931,"children":156978},[156979,156981,156983,156984],{"id":155934,"depth":131,"text":156980},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156072,"depth":131,"text":156982},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156148,"depth":131,"text":156149},{"id":156283,"depth":131,"text":156985},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156411,"depth":104,"text":156412,"children":156987},[156988,156989,156990,156991],{"id":156420,"depth":131,"text":156421},{"id":156493,"depth":131,"text":156494},{"id":156574,"depth":131,"text":156575},{"id":156662,"depth":131,"text":156663},{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":156994},[156995,156996,156998,156999,157000],{"id":156885,"depth":131,"text":156886},{"id":156895,"depth":131,"text":156997},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":156905,"depth":131,"text":156906},{"id":156914,"depth":131,"text":156915},{"id":156923,"depth":131,"text":157001},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155113,"description":157003},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":157010,"title":157011,"body":157012,"description":159397,"extension":1930,"meta":159398,"navigation":421,"path":159399,"seo":159400,"stem":159401,"__hash__":159402},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":157013,"toc":159358},[157014,157017,157020,157023,157046,157052,157054,157165,157169,157172,157182,157184,157283,157285,157362,157368,157372,157375,157398,157401,157418,157421,157423,157486,157488,157505,157516,157521,157523,157526,157532,157583,157585,157605,157609,157660,157662,157683,157687,157742,157744,157765,157769,157824,157826,157847,157851,157904,157906,157935,157937,157939,157942,157946,158003,158005,158026,158030,158083,158085,158110,158115,158119,158124,158142,158145,158208,158210,158231,158234,158295,158297,158318,158321,158364,158367,158371,158376,158380,158459,158461,158492,158496,158571,158573,158600,158604,158651,158653,158661,158666,158670,158673,158688,158690,158778,158780,158805,158808,158851,158860,158862,158865,158880,158883,158887,158941,158943,158963,158968,158972,158974,159012,159015,159065,159069,159142,159144,159181,159184,159186,159189,159209,159212,159281,159283,159296,159298,159302,159305,159309,159312,159317,159320,159326,159331,159333,159355],[10,157015,157011],{"id":157016},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,157018,157019],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,157021,157022],{},"Use this format:",[51,157024,157026],{"className":53,"code":157025,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157027,157028],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157029,157030,157032,157034,157036,157038,157040,157042,157044],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157031,48884],{"class":66},[60,157033,3854],{"class":74},[60,157035,36008],{"class":66},[60,157037,166],{"class":74},[60,157039,75186],{"class":66},[60,157041,166],{"class":74},[60,157043,75189],{"class":66},[60,157045,101],{"class":74},[20,157047,1947,157048,75222,157050,115],{},[15,157049,75186],{},[3698,157051,64829],{},[46,157053,1972],{"id":1971},[51,157055,157057],{"className":53,"code":157056,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157058,157059,157087,157091,157112,157129,157146],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157060,157061,157063,157065,157067,157069,157071,157073,157075,157077,157079,157081,157083,157085],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157062,67],{"class":66},[60,157064,71],{"class":70},[60,157066,9171],{"class":74},[60,157068,873],{"class":78},[60,157070,82],{"class":74},[60,157072,878],{"class":78},[60,157074,82],{"class":74},[60,157076,888],{"class":78},[60,157078,82],{"class":74},[60,157080,50773],{"class":78},[60,157082,82],{"class":74},[60,157084,5028],{"class":78},[60,157086,128],{"class":74},[60,157088,157089],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,157090,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,157092,157093,157095,157097,157099,157101,157103,157105,157107,157109],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,157094,135],{"class":134},[60,157096,122],{"class":74},[60,157098,1506],{"class":118},[60,157100,3854],{"class":74},[60,157102,79],{"class":78},[60,157104,166],{"class":74},[60,157106,2465],{"class":78},[60,157108,20379],{"class":74},[60,157110,157111],{"class":146},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[60,157113,157114,157116,157118,157120,157122,157124,157126],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,157115,135],{"class":134},[60,157117,122],{"class":74},[60,157119,1506],{"class":118},[60,157121,75295],{"class":74},[60,157123,189],{"class":78},[60,157125,20379],{"class":74},[60,157127,157128],{"class":146},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[60,157130,157131,157133,157135,157137,157139,157141,157143],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,157132,135],{"class":134},[60,157134,122],{"class":74},[60,157136,1506],{"class":118},[60,157138,73882],{"class":74},[60,157140,125],{"class":78},[60,157142,20379],{"class":74},[60,157144,157145],{"class":146},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[60,157147,157148,157150,157152,157154,157156,157158,157160,157162],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,157149,135],{"class":134},[60,157151,122],{"class":74},[60,157153,1506],{"class":118},[60,157155,73882],{"class":74},[60,157157,1991],{"class":70},[60,157159,79],{"class":78},[60,157161,20379],{"class":74},[60,157163,157164],{"class":146},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[46,157166,157168],{"id":157167},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,157170,157171],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[30,157173,157174,157176,157179],{},[33,157175,75489],{},[33,157177,157178],{},"The result is a new tuple",[33,157180,157181],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,157183,238],{},[51,157185,157187],{"className":53,"code":157186,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,157188,157189,157237,157241,157259,157263,157273],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157190,157191,157193,157195,157197,157199,157201,157203,157205,157207,157209,157211,157213,157215,157217,157219,157221,157223,157225,157227,157229,157231,157233,157235],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157192,248],{"class":66},[60,157194,71],{"class":70},[60,157196,9171],{"class":74},[60,157198,256],{"class":255},[60,157200,260],{"class":259},[60,157202,256],{"class":255},[60,157204,82],{"class":74},[60,157206,267],{"class":255},[60,157208,270],{"class":259},[60,157210,256],{"class":255},[60,157212,82],{"class":74},[60,157214,267],{"class":255},[60,157216,287],{"class":259},[60,157218,256],{"class":255},[60,157220,82],{"class":74},[60,157222,267],{"class":255},[60,157224,18701],{"class":259},[60,157226,256],{"class":255},[60,157228,82],{"class":74},[60,157230,267],{"class":255},[60,157232,60206],{"class":259},[60,157234,256],{"class":255},[60,157236,128],{"class":74},[60,157238,157239],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,157240,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,157242,157243,157245,157247,157249,157251,157253,157255,157257],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,157244,75419],{"class":66},[60,157246,71],{"class":70},[60,157248,69856],{"class":66},[60,157250,3854],{"class":74},[60,157252,79],{"class":78},[60,157254,166],{"class":74},[60,157256,2465],{"class":78},[60,157258,101],{"class":74},[60,157260,157261],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,157262,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,157264,157265,157267,157269,157271],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,157266,135],{"class":134},[60,157268,122],{"class":74},[60,157270,75442],{"class":118},[60,157272,128],{"class":74},[60,157274,157275,157277,157279,157281],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,157276,135],{"class":134},[60,157278,122],{"class":74},[60,157280,300],{"class":118},[60,157282,128],{"class":74},[20,157284,318],{},[51,157286,157288],{"className":53,"code":157287,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,157289,157290,157318],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157291,157292,157294,157296,157298,157300,157302,157304,157306,157308,157310,157312,157314,157316],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157293,122],{"class":74},[60,157295,3261],{"class":255},[60,157297,270],{"class":259},[60,157299,3261],{"class":255},[60,157301,82],{"class":74},[60,157303,3256],{"class":255},[60,157305,287],{"class":259},[60,157307,3261],{"class":255},[60,157309,82],{"class":74},[60,157311,3256],{"class":255},[60,157313,18701],{"class":259},[60,157315,3261],{"class":255},[60,157317,128],{"class":74},[60,157319,157320,157322,157324,157326,157328,157330,157332,157334,157336,157338,157340,157342,157344,157346,157348,157350,157352,157354,157356,157358,157360],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,157321,122],{"class":74},[60,157323,3261],{"class":255},[60,157325,260],{"class":259},[60,157327,3261],{"class":255},[60,157329,82],{"class":74},[60,157331,3256],{"class":255},[60,157333,270],{"class":259},[60,157335,3261],{"class":255},[60,157337,82],{"class":74},[60,157339,3256],{"class":255},[60,157341,287],{"class":259},[60,157343,3261],{"class":255},[60,157345,82],{"class":74},[60,157347,3256],{"class":255},[60,157349,18701],{"class":259},[60,157351,3261],{"class":255},[60,157353,82],{"class":74},[60,157355,3256],{"class":255},[60,157357,60206],{"class":259},[60,157359,3261],{"class":255},[60,157361,128],{"class":74},[20,157363,157364,157365,115],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[260,157366,147749],{"href":157367},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[46,157369,157371],{"id":157370},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,157373,157374],{},"The full syntax is:",[51,157376,157378],{"className":53,"code":157377,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157379,157380],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157381,157382,157384,157386,157388,157390,157392,157394,157396],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157383,147767],{"class":66},[60,157385,3854],{"class":74},[60,157387,36008],{"class":66},[60,157389,166],{"class":74},[60,157391,75186],{"class":66},[60,157393,166],{"class":74},[60,157395,75189],{"class":66},[60,157397,101],{"class":74},[20,157399,157400],{},"Each part has a job:",[30,157402,157403,157408,157413],{},[33,157404,157405,157407],{},[15,157406,36008],{},": where slicing begins",[33,157409,157410,157412],{},[15,157411,75186],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[33,157414,157415,157417],{},[15,157416,75189],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,157419,157420],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,157422,238],{},[51,157424,157426],{"className":53,"code":157425,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,157427,157428,157460,157464],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157429,157430,157432,157434,157436,157438,157440,157442,157444,157446,157448,157450,157452,157454,157456,157458],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157431,67],{"class":66},[60,157433,71],{"class":70},[60,157435,9171],{"class":74},[60,157437,873],{"class":78},[60,157439,82],{"class":74},[60,157441,878],{"class":78},[60,157443,82],{"class":74},[60,157445,888],{"class":78},[60,157447,82],{"class":74},[60,157449,50773],{"class":78},[60,157451,82],{"class":74},[60,157453,5028],{"class":78},[60,157455,82],{"class":74},[60,157457,75860],{"class":78},[60,157459,128],{"class":74},[60,157461,157462],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,157463,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,157465,157466,157468,157470,157472,157474,157476,157478,157480,157482,157484],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,157467,135],{"class":134},[60,157469,122],{"class":74},[60,157471,1506],{"class":118},[60,157473,3854],{"class":74},[60,157475,79],{"class":78},[60,157477,166],{"class":74},[60,157479,1086],{"class":78},[60,157481,166],{"class":74},[60,157483,125],{"class":78},[60,157485,1193],{"class":74},[20,157487,318],{},[51,157489,157491],{"className":53,"code":157490,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(20, 40)\n",[15,157492,157493],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157494,157495,157497,157499,157501,157503],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157496,122],{"class":74},[60,157498,15689],{"class":78},[60,157500,82],{"class":74},[60,157502,50773],{"class":78},[60,157504,128],{"class":74},[20,157506,157507,157508,157510,157511,157513,157514,115],{},"This starts at index ",[15,157509,79],{},", stops before index ",[15,157512,1086],{},", and moves by ",[15,157515,125],{},[20,157517,157518,157519,115],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[260,157520,149422],{"href":152848},[46,157522,75776],{"id":75775},[20,157524,157525],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[553,157527,157529,157530,5910],{"id":157528},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157531,75790],{},[51,157533,157535],{"className":53,"code":157534,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157536,157537,157565,157569],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157538,157539,157541,157543,157545,157547,157549,157551,157553,157555,157557,157559,157561,157563],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157540,67],{"class":66},[60,157542,71],{"class":70},[60,157544,9171],{"class":74},[60,157546,873],{"class":78},[60,157548,82],{"class":74},[60,157550,878],{"class":78},[60,157552,82],{"class":74},[60,157554,888],{"class":78},[60,157556,82],{"class":74},[60,157558,50773],{"class":78},[60,157560,82],{"class":74},[60,157562,5028],{"class":78},[60,157564,128],{"class":74},[60,157566,157567],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,157568,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,157570,157571,157573,157575,157577,157579,157581],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,157572,135],{"class":134},[60,157574,122],{"class":74},[60,157576,1506],{"class":118},[60,157578,75295],{"class":74},[60,157580,189],{"class":78},[60,157582,1193],{"class":74},[20,157584,318],{},[51,157586,157587],{"className":53,"code":151114,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,157588,157589],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157590,157591,157593,157595,157597,157599,157601,157603],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157592,122],{"class":74},[60,157594,873],{"class":78},[60,157596,82],{"class":74},[60,157598,878],{"class":78},[60,157600,82],{"class":74},[60,157602,888],{"class":78},[60,157604,128],{"class":74},[553,157606,157608],{"id":157607},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[51,157610,157612],{"className":53,"code":157611,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,157613,157614,157642,157646],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157615,157616,157618,157620,157622,157624,157626,157628,157630,157632,157634,157636,157638,157640],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157617,67],{"class":66},[60,157619,71],{"class":70},[60,157621,9171],{"class":74},[60,157623,873],{"class":78},[60,157625,82],{"class":74},[60,157627,878],{"class":78},[60,157629,82],{"class":74},[60,157631,888],{"class":78},[60,157633,82],{"class":74},[60,157635,50773],{"class":78},[60,157637,82],{"class":74},[60,157639,5028],{"class":78},[60,157641,128],{"class":74},[60,157643,157644],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,157645,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,157647,157648,157650,157652,157654,157656,157658],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,157649,135],{"class":134},[60,157651,122],{"class":74},[60,157653,1506],{"class":118},[60,157655,3854],{"class":74},[60,157657,125],{"class":78},[60,157659,77476],{"class":74},[20,157661,318],{},[51,157663,157665],{"className":53,"code":157664,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,157666,157667],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157668,157669,157671,157673,157675,157677,157679,157681],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157670,122],{"class":74},[60,157672,36776],{"class":78},[60,157674,82],{"class":74},[60,157676,50773],{"class":78},[60,157678,82],{"class":74},[60,157680,5028],{"class":78},[60,157682,128],{"class":74},[553,157684,157686],{"id":157685},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[51,157688,157690],{"className":53,"code":157689,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,157691,157692,157720,157724],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157693,157694,157696,157698,157700,157702,157704,157706,157708,157710,157712,157714,157716,157718],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157695,67],{"class":66},[60,157697,71],{"class":70},[60,157699,9171],{"class":74},[60,157701,873],{"class":78},[60,157703,82],{"class":74},[60,157705,878],{"class":78},[60,157707,82],{"class":74},[60,157709,888],{"class":78},[60,157711,82],{"class":74},[60,157713,50773],{"class":78},[60,157715,82],{"class":74},[60,157717,5028],{"class":78},[60,157719,128],{"class":74},[60,157721,157722],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,157723,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,157725,157726,157728,157730,157732,157734,157736,157738,157740],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,157727,135],{"class":134},[60,157729,122],{"class":74},[60,157731,1506],{"class":118},[60,157733,3854],{"class":74},[60,157735,79],{"class":78},[60,157737,166],{"class":74},[60,157739,2465],{"class":78},[60,157741,1193],{"class":74},[20,157743,318],{},[51,157745,157747],{"className":53,"code":157746,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157748,157749],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157750,157751,157753,157755,157757,157759,157761,157763],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157752,122],{"class":74},[60,157754,15689],{"class":78},[60,157756,82],{"class":74},[60,157758,888],{"class":78},[60,157760,82],{"class":74},[60,157762,50773],{"class":78},[60,157764,128],{"class":74},[553,157766,157768],{"id":157767},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[51,157770,157772],{"className":53,"code":157771,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,157773,157774,157806,157810],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157775,157776,157778,157780,157782,157784,157786,157788,157790,157792,157794,157796,157798,157800,157802,157804],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157777,67],{"class":66},[60,157779,71],{"class":70},[60,157781,9171],{"class":74},[60,157783,873],{"class":78},[60,157785,82],{"class":74},[60,157787,878],{"class":78},[60,157789,82],{"class":74},[60,157791,888],{"class":78},[60,157793,82],{"class":74},[60,157795,50773],{"class":78},[60,157797,82],{"class":74},[60,157799,5028],{"class":78},[60,157801,82],{"class":74},[60,157803,75860],{"class":78},[60,157805,128],{"class":74},[60,157807,157808],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,157809,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,157811,157812,157814,157816,157818,157820,157822],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,157813,135],{"class":134},[60,157815,122],{"class":74},[60,157817,1506],{"class":118},[60,157819,73882],{"class":74},[60,157821,125],{"class":78},[60,157823,1193],{"class":74},[20,157825,318],{},[51,157827,157829],{"className":53,"code":157828,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,157830,157831],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157832,157833,157835,157837,157839,157841,157843,157845],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157834,122],{"class":74},[60,157836,873],{"class":78},[60,157838,82],{"class":74},[60,157840,888],{"class":78},[60,157842,82],{"class":74},[60,157844,5028],{"class":78},[60,157846,128],{"class":74},[553,157848,157850],{"id":157849},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[51,157852,157854],{"className":53,"code":157853,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,157855,157856,157884,157888],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157857,157858,157860,157862,157864,157866,157868,157870,157872,157874,157876,157878,157880,157882],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157859,67],{"class":66},[60,157861,71],{"class":70},[60,157863,9171],{"class":74},[60,157865,873],{"class":78},[60,157867,82],{"class":74},[60,157869,878],{"class":78},[60,157871,82],{"class":74},[60,157873,888],{"class":78},[60,157875,82],{"class":74},[60,157877,50773],{"class":78},[60,157879,82],{"class":74},[60,157881,5028],{"class":78},[60,157883,128],{"class":74},[60,157885,157886],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,157887,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,157889,157890,157892,157894,157896,157898,157900,157902],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,157891,135],{"class":134},[60,157893,122],{"class":74},[60,157895,1506],{"class":118},[60,157897,73882],{"class":74},[60,157899,1991],{"class":70},[60,157901,79],{"class":78},[60,157903,1193],{"class":74},[20,157905,318],{},[51,157907,157909],{"className":53,"code":157908,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157910,157911],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157912,157913,157915,157917,157919,157921,157923,157925,157927,157929,157931,157933],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157914,122],{"class":74},[60,157916,76554],{"class":78},[60,157918,82],{"class":74},[60,157920,50773],{"class":78},[60,157922,82],{"class":74},[60,157924,888],{"class":78},[60,157926,82],{"class":74},[60,157928,878],{"class":78},[60,157930,82],{"class":74},[60,157932,883],{"class":78},[60,157934,128],{"class":74},[46,157936,76070],{"id":76069},[20,157938,154121],{},[20,157940,157941],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[553,157943,157945],{"id":157944},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[51,157947,157949],{"className":53,"code":157948,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,157950,157951,157983,157987],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157952,157953,157955,157957,157959,157961,157963,157965,157967,157969,157971,157973,157975,157977,157979,157981],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157954,67],{"class":66},[60,157956,71],{"class":70},[60,157958,9171],{"class":74},[60,157960,873],{"class":78},[60,157962,82],{"class":74},[60,157964,878],{"class":78},[60,157966,82],{"class":74},[60,157968,888],{"class":78},[60,157970,82],{"class":74},[60,157972,50773],{"class":78},[60,157974,82],{"class":74},[60,157976,5028],{"class":78},[60,157978,82],{"class":74},[60,157980,75860],{"class":78},[60,157982,128],{"class":74},[60,157984,157985],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,157986,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,157988,157989,157991,157993,157995,157997,157999,158001],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,157990,135],{"class":134},[60,157992,122],{"class":74},[60,157994,1506],{"class":118},[60,157996,3854],{"class":74},[60,157998,1991],{"class":70},[60,158000,189],{"class":78},[60,158002,77476],{"class":74},[20,158004,318],{},[51,158006,158008],{"className":53,"code":158007,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,158009,158010],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158011,158012,158014,158016,158018,158020,158022,158024],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158013,122],{"class":74},[60,158015,56614],{"class":78},[60,158017,82],{"class":74},[60,158019,5028],{"class":78},[60,158021,82],{"class":74},[60,158023,75860],{"class":78},[60,158025,128],{"class":74},[553,158027,158029],{"id":158028},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[51,158031,158033],{"className":53,"code":158032,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,158034,158035,158063,158067],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158036,158037,158039,158041,158043,158045,158047,158049,158051,158053,158055,158057,158059,158061],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158038,67],{"class":66},[60,158040,71],{"class":70},[60,158042,9171],{"class":74},[60,158044,873],{"class":78},[60,158046,82],{"class":74},[60,158048,878],{"class":78},[60,158050,82],{"class":74},[60,158052,888],{"class":78},[60,158054,82],{"class":74},[60,158056,50773],{"class":78},[60,158058,82],{"class":74},[60,158060,5028],{"class":78},[60,158062,128],{"class":74},[60,158064,158065],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,158066,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,158068,158069,158071,158073,158075,158077,158079,158081],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,158070,135],{"class":134},[60,158072,122],{"class":74},[60,158074,1506],{"class":118},[60,158076,75295],{"class":74},[60,158078,1991],{"class":70},[60,158080,79],{"class":78},[60,158082,1193],{"class":74},[20,158084,318],{},[51,158086,158088],{"className":53,"code":158087,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158089,158090],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158091,158092,158094,158096,158098,158100,158102,158104,158106,158108],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158093,122],{"class":74},[60,158095,873],{"class":78},[60,158097,82],{"class":74},[60,158099,878],{"class":78},[60,158101,82],{"class":74},[60,158103,888],{"class":78},[60,158105,82],{"class":74},[60,158107,50773],{"class":78},[60,158109,128],{"class":74},[20,158111,158112,158113,115],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[260,158114,150671],{"href":157005},[46,158116,158118],{"id":158117},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,158120,1947,158121,158123],{},[15,158122,75189],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[30,158125,158126,158128,158130,158136],{},[33,158127,76326],{},[33,158129,76329],{},[33,158131,158132,158135],{},[15,158133,158134],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[33,158137,158138,158139,158141],{},"A step of ",[15,158140,195],{}," is not allowed",[20,158143,158144],{},"Example with a positive step:",[51,158146,158148],{"className":53,"code":158147,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,158149,158150,158182,158186],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158151,158152,158154,158156,158158,158160,158162,158164,158166,158168,158170,158172,158174,158176,158178,158180],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158153,67],{"class":66},[60,158155,71],{"class":70},[60,158157,9171],{"class":74},[60,158159,873],{"class":78},[60,158161,82],{"class":74},[60,158163,878],{"class":78},[60,158165,82],{"class":74},[60,158167,888],{"class":78},[60,158169,82],{"class":74},[60,158171,50773],{"class":78},[60,158173,82],{"class":74},[60,158175,5028],{"class":78},[60,158177,82],{"class":74},[60,158179,75860],{"class":78},[60,158181,128],{"class":74},[60,158183,158184],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,158185,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,158187,158188,158190,158192,158194,158196,158198,158200,158202,158204,158206],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,158189,135],{"class":134},[60,158191,122],{"class":74},[60,158193,1506],{"class":118},[60,158195,3854],{"class":74},[60,158197,79],{"class":78},[60,158199,166],{"class":74},[60,158201,80354],{"class":78},[60,158203,166],{"class":74},[60,158205,125],{"class":78},[60,158207,1193],{"class":74},[20,158209,318],{},[51,158211,158213],{"className":53,"code":158212,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,158214,158215],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158216,158217,158219,158221,158223,158225,158227,158229],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158218,122],{"class":74},[60,158220,15689],{"class":78},[60,158222,82],{"class":74},[60,158224,50773],{"class":78},[60,158226,82],{"class":74},[60,158228,75860],{"class":78},[60,158230,128],{"class":74},[20,158232,158233],{},"Example with a negative step:",[51,158235,158237],{"className":53,"code":158236,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,158238,158239,158267,158271],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158240,158241,158243,158245,158247,158249,158251,158253,158255,158257,158259,158261,158263,158265],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158242,67],{"class":66},[60,158244,71],{"class":70},[60,158246,9171],{"class":74},[60,158248,873],{"class":78},[60,158250,82],{"class":74},[60,158252,878],{"class":78},[60,158254,82],{"class":74},[60,158256,888],{"class":78},[60,158258,82],{"class":74},[60,158260,50773],{"class":78},[60,158262,82],{"class":74},[60,158264,5028],{"class":78},[60,158266,128],{"class":74},[60,158268,158269],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,158270,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,158272,158273,158275,158277,158279,158281,158283,158285,158287,158289,158291,158293],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,158274,135],{"class":134},[60,158276,122],{"class":74},[60,158278,1506],{"class":118},[60,158280,3854],{"class":74},[60,158282,2465],{"class":78},[60,158284,166],{"class":74},[60,158286,79],{"class":78},[60,158288,166],{"class":74},[60,158290,1991],{"class":70},[60,158292,79],{"class":78},[60,158294,1193],{"class":74},[20,158296,318],{},[51,158298,158300],{"className":53,"code":158299,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,158301,158302],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158303,158304,158306,158308,158310,158312,158314,158316],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158305,122],{"class":74},[60,158307,76554],{"class":78},[60,158309,82],{"class":74},[60,158311,50773],{"class":78},[60,158313,82],{"class":74},[60,158315,888],{"class":78},[60,158317,128],{"class":74},[20,158319,158320],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[51,158322,158324],{"className":53,"code":158323,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,158325,158326,158346,158350],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158327,158328,158330,158332,158334,158336,158338,158340,158342,158344],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158329,67],{"class":66},[60,158331,71],{"class":70},[60,158333,9171],{"class":74},[60,158335,873],{"class":78},[60,158337,82],{"class":74},[60,158339,878],{"class":78},[60,158341,82],{"class":74},[60,158343,888],{"class":78},[60,158345,128],{"class":74},[60,158347,158348],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,158349,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,158351,158352,158354,158356,158358,158360,158362],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,158353,135],{"class":134},[60,158355,122],{"class":74},[60,158357,1506],{"class":118},[60,158359,73882],{"class":74},[60,158361,195],{"class":78},[60,158363,1193],{"class":74},[20,158365,158366],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[46,158368,158370],{"id":158369},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,158372,158373,158374,33674],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[3698,158375,48884],{},[553,158377,158379],{"id":158378},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[51,158381,158383],{"className":53,"code":158382,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158384,158385,158409,158413,158431,158435,158445],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158386,158387,158389,158391,158393,158395,158397,158399,158401,158403,158405,158407],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158388,67],{"class":66},[60,158390,71],{"class":70},[60,158392,9171],{"class":74},[60,158394,873],{"class":78},[60,158396,82],{"class":74},[60,158398,878],{"class":78},[60,158400,82],{"class":74},[60,158402,888],{"class":78},[60,158404,82],{"class":74},[60,158406,50773],{"class":78},[60,158408,128],{"class":74},[60,158410,158411],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,158412,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,158414,158415,158417,158419,158421,158423,158425,158427,158429],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,158416,107],{"class":66},[60,158418,71],{"class":70},[60,158420,112],{"class":66},[60,158422,3854],{"class":74},[60,158424,79],{"class":78},[60,158426,166],{"class":74},[60,158428,189],{"class":78},[60,158430,101],{"class":74},[60,158432,158433],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,158434,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,158436,158437,158439,158441,158443],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,158438,135],{"class":134},[60,158440,122],{"class":74},[60,158442,140],{"class":118},[60,158444,128],{"class":74},[60,158446,158447,158449,158451,158453,158455,158457],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,158448,135],{"class":134},[60,158450,122],{"class":74},[60,158452,1657],{"class":1656},[60,158454,122],{"class":74},[60,158456,140],{"class":118},[60,158458,315],{"class":74},[20,158460,318],{},[51,158462,158464],{"className":53,"code":158463,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158465,158466,158478],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158467,158468,158470,158472,158474,158476],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158469,122],{"class":74},[60,158471,15689],{"class":78},[60,158473,82],{"class":74},[60,158475,888],{"class":78},[60,158477,128],{"class":74},[60,158479,158480,158482,158484,158486,158488,158490],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,158481,3250],{"class":70},[60,158483,3253],{"class":2033},[60,158485,3256],{"class":255},[60,158487,48884],{"class":259},[60,158489,3261],{"class":255},[60,158491,3264],{"class":70},[553,158493,158495],{"id":158494},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[51,158497,158499],{"className":53,"code":158498,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158500,158501,158521,158525,158543,158547,158557],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158502,158503,158505,158507,158509,158511,158513,158515,158517,158519],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158504,67],{"class":66},[60,158506,71],{"class":70},[60,158508,9171],{"class":74},[60,158510,873],{"class":78},[60,158512,82],{"class":74},[60,158514,878],{"class":78},[60,158516,82],{"class":74},[60,158518,888],{"class":78},[60,158520,128],{"class":74},[60,158522,158523],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,158524,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,158526,158527,158529,158531,158533,158535,158537,158539,158541],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,158528,107],{"class":66},[60,158530,71],{"class":70},[60,158532,112],{"class":66},[60,158534,3854],{"class":74},[60,158536,79],{"class":78},[60,158538,166],{"class":74},[60,158540,125],{"class":78},[60,158542,101],{"class":74},[60,158544,158545],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,158546,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,158548,158549,158551,158553,158555],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,158550,135],{"class":134},[60,158552,122],{"class":74},[60,158554,140],{"class":118},[60,158556,128],{"class":74},[60,158558,158559,158561,158563,158565,158567,158569],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,158560,135],{"class":134},[60,158562,122],{"class":74},[60,158564,1657],{"class":1656},[60,158566,122],{"class":74},[60,158568,140],{"class":118},[60,158570,315],{"class":74},[20,158572,318],{},[51,158574,158576],{"className":53,"code":158575,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158577,158578,158586],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158579,158580,158582,158584],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158581,122],{"class":74},[60,158583,15689],{"class":78},[60,158585,149105],{"class":74},[60,158587,158588,158590,158592,158594,158596,158598],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,158589,3250],{"class":70},[60,158591,3253],{"class":2033},[60,158593,3256],{"class":255},[60,158595,48884],{"class":259},[60,158597,3261],{"class":255},[60,158599,3264],{"class":70},[553,158601,158603],{"id":158602},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[51,158605,158607],{"className":53,"code":158606,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158608,158609,158629,158633],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158610,158611,158613,158615,158617,158619,158621,158623,158625,158627],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158612,67],{"class":66},[60,158614,71],{"class":70},[60,158616,9171],{"class":74},[60,158618,873],{"class":78},[60,158620,82],{"class":74},[60,158622,878],{"class":78},[60,158624,82],{"class":74},[60,158626,888],{"class":78},[60,158628,128],{"class":74},[60,158630,158631],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,158632,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,158634,158635,158637,158639,158641,158643,158645,158647,158649],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,158636,135],{"class":134},[60,158638,122],{"class":74},[60,158640,1506],{"class":118},[60,158642,3854],{"class":74},[60,158644,1086],{"class":78},[60,158646,166],{"class":74},[60,158648,2309],{"class":78},[60,158650,1193],{"class":74},[20,158652,318],{},[51,158654,158655],{"className":53,"code":8579,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,158656,158657],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158658,158659],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158660,8579],{"class":74},[20,158662,158663,158664,115],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[260,158665,155841],{"href":150728},[46,158667,158669],{"id":158668},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,158671,158672],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[30,158674,158675,158677,158680,158685],{},[33,158676,76635],{},[33,158678,158679],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[33,158681,158682,158683],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,158684,70491],{},[33,158686,158687],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,158689,238],{},[51,158691,158693],{"className":53,"code":158692,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,158694,158695,158715,158719,158736,158757],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158696,158697,158699,158701,158703,158705,158707,158709,158711,158713],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158698,67],{"class":66},[60,158700,71],{"class":70},[60,158702,9171],{"class":74},[60,158704,873],{"class":78},[60,158706,82],{"class":74},[60,158708,878],{"class":78},[60,158710,82],{"class":74},[60,158712,888],{"class":78},[60,158714,128],{"class":74},[60,158716,158717],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,158718,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,158720,158721,158723,158725,158727,158729,158731,158733],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,158722,135],{"class":134},[60,158724,122],{"class":74},[60,158726,1506],{"class":118},[60,158728,3854],{"class":74},[60,158730,79],{"class":78},[60,158732,20379],{"class":74},[60,158734,158735],{"class":146},"    # one item\n",[60,158737,158738,158740,158742,158744,158746,158748,158750,158752,158754],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,158739,135],{"class":134},[60,158741,122],{"class":74},[60,158743,1506],{"class":118},[60,158745,3854],{"class":74},[60,158747,79],{"class":78},[60,158749,166],{"class":74},[60,158751,1086],{"class":78},[60,158753,20379],{"class":74},[60,158755,158756],{"class":146},"  # slice\n",[60,158758,158759,158761,158763,158765,158767,158769,158771,158773,158775],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,158760,135],{"class":134},[60,158762,122],{"class":74},[60,158764,1506],{"class":118},[60,158766,3854],{"class":74},[60,158768,1086],{"class":78},[60,158770,166],{"class":74},[60,158772,2309],{"class":78},[60,158774,20379],{"class":74},[60,158776,158777],{"class":146},"  # empty slice\n",[20,158779,318],{},[51,158781,158783],{"className":53,"code":158782,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,158784,158785,158789,158801],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158786,158787],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158788,70984],{"class":78},[60,158790,158791,158793,158795,158797,158799],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,158792,122],{"class":74},[60,158794,15689],{"class":78},[60,158796,82],{"class":74},[60,158798,888],{"class":78},[60,158800,128],{"class":74},[60,158802,158803],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,158804,8579],{"class":74},[20,158806,158807],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[51,158809,158811],{"className":53,"code":158810,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,158812,158813,158833,158837],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158814,158815,158817,158819,158821,158823,158825,158827,158829,158831],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158816,67],{"class":66},[60,158818,71],{"class":70},[60,158820,9171],{"class":74},[60,158822,873],{"class":78},[60,158824,82],{"class":74},[60,158826,878],{"class":78},[60,158828,82],{"class":74},[60,158830,888],{"class":78},[60,158832,128],{"class":74},[60,158834,158835],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,158836,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,158838,158839,158841,158843,158845,158847,158849],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,158840,135],{"class":134},[60,158842,122],{"class":74},[60,158844,1506],{"class":118},[60,158846,3854],{"class":74},[60,158848,1086],{"class":78},[60,158850,1193],{"class":74},[20,158852,158853,158854,158856,158857,115],{},"This raises an ",[15,158855,70491],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[260,158858,154594],{"href":158859},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[46,158861,15111],{"id":76902},[20,158863,158864],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[30,158866,158867,158870,158872,158875],{},[33,158868,158869],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[33,158871,60451],{},[33,158873,158874],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[33,158876,158877,158878],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,158879,195],{},[20,158881,158882],{},"Here are a few examples.",[553,158884,158886],{"id":158885},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[51,158888,158889],{"className":53,"code":157689,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,158890,158891,158919,158923],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158892,158893,158895,158897,158899,158901,158903,158905,158907,158909,158911,158913,158915,158917],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158894,67],{"class":66},[60,158896,71],{"class":70},[60,158898,9171],{"class":74},[60,158900,873],{"class":78},[60,158902,82],{"class":74},[60,158904,878],{"class":78},[60,158906,82],{"class":74},[60,158908,888],{"class":78},[60,158910,82],{"class":74},[60,158912,50773],{"class":78},[60,158914,82],{"class":74},[60,158916,5028],{"class":78},[60,158918,128],{"class":74},[60,158920,158921],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,158922,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,158924,158925,158927,158929,158931,158933,158935,158937,158939],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,158926,135],{"class":134},[60,158928,122],{"class":74},[60,158930,1506],{"class":118},[60,158932,3854],{"class":74},[60,158934,79],{"class":78},[60,158936,166],{"class":74},[60,158938,2465],{"class":78},[60,158940,1193],{"class":74},[20,158942,318],{},[51,158944,158945],{"className":53,"code":157746,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,158946,158947],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158948,158949,158951,158953,158955,158957,158959,158961],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158950,122],{"class":74},[60,158952,15689],{"class":78},[60,158954,82],{"class":74},[60,158956,888],{"class":78},[60,158958,82],{"class":74},[60,158960,50773],{"class":78},[60,158962,128],{"class":74},[20,158964,132173,158965,158967],{},[15,158966,2465],{}," is not included.",[553,158969,158971],{"id":158970},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,158973,4475],{},[51,158975,158977],{"className":53,"code":158976,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,158978,158979,159003,159007],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158980,158981,158983,158985,158987,158989,158991,158993,158995,158997,158999,159001],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158982,67],{"class":66},[60,158984,71],{"class":70},[60,158986,9171],{"class":74},[60,158988,873],{"class":78},[60,158990,82],{"class":74},[60,158992,878],{"class":78},[60,158994,82],{"class":74},[60,158996,888],{"class":78},[60,158998,82],{"class":74},[60,159000,50773],{"class":78},[60,159002,128],{"class":74},[60,159004,159005],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,159006,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,159008,159009],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,159010,159011],{"class":146},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,159013,159014],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[51,159016,159017],{"className":53,"code":154674,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,159018,159019,159043,159047],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,159020,159021,159023,159025,159027,159029,159031,159033,159035,159037,159039,159041],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,159022,67],{"class":66},[60,159024,71],{"class":70},[60,159026,9171],{"class":74},[60,159028,873],{"class":78},[60,159030,82],{"class":74},[60,159032,878],{"class":78},[60,159034,82],{"class":74},[60,159036,888],{"class":78},[60,159038,82],{"class":74},[60,159040,50773],{"class":78},[60,159042,128],{"class":74},[60,159044,159045],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,159046,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,159048,159049,159051,159053,159055,159057,159059,159061,159063],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,159050,135],{"class":134},[60,159052,122],{"class":74},[60,159054,1506],{"class":118},[60,159056,3854],{"class":74},[60,159058,79],{"class":78},[60,159060,166],{"class":74},[60,159062,189],{"class":78},[60,159064,1193],{"class":74},[553,159066,159068],{"id":159067},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[51,159070,159072],{"className":53,"code":159071,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,159073,159074,159098,159102,159117,159121,159132],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,159075,159076,159078,159080,159082,159084,159086,159088,159090,159092,159094,159096],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,159077,67],{"class":66},[60,159079,71],{"class":70},[60,159081,9171],{"class":74},[60,159083,873],{"class":78},[60,159085,82],{"class":74},[60,159087,878],{"class":78},[60,159089,82],{"class":74},[60,159091,888],{"class":78},[60,159093,82],{"class":74},[60,159095,50773],{"class":78},[60,159097,128],{"class":74},[60,159099,159100],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,159101,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,159103,159104,159107,159109,159111,159113,159115],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,159105,159106],{"class":66},"slice_result ",[60,159108,71],{"class":70},[60,159110,112],{"class":66},[60,159112,75295],{"class":74},[60,159114,125],{"class":78},[60,159116,101],{"class":74},[60,159118,159119],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,159120,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,159122,159123,159125,159127,159130],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,159124,135],{"class":134},[60,159126,122],{"class":74},[60,159128,159129],{"class":118},"slice_result",[60,159131,128],{"class":74},[60,159133,159134,159136,159138,159140],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,159135,135],{"class":134},[60,159137,122],{"class":74},[60,159139,1506],{"class":118},[60,159141,128],{"class":74},[20,159143,318],{},[51,159145,159147],{"className":53,"code":159146,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,159148,159149,159161],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,159150,159151,159153,159155,159157,159159],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,159152,122],{"class":74},[60,159154,873],{"class":78},[60,159156,82],{"class":74},[60,159158,878],{"class":78},[60,159160,128],{"class":74},[60,159162,159163,159165,159167,159169,159171,159173,159175,159177,159179],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,159164,122],{"class":74},[60,159166,873],{"class":78},[60,159168,82],{"class":74},[60,159170,878],{"class":78},[60,159172,82],{"class":74},[60,159174,888],{"class":78},[60,159176,82],{"class":74},[60,159178,50773],{"class":78},[60,159180,128],{"class":74},[20,159182,159183],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[46,159185,113487],{"id":113486},[20,159187,159188],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[30,159190,159191,159194,159197,159203,159206],{},[33,159192,159193],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[33,159195,159196],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[33,159198,159199,159200],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,159201,159202],{},"tuple[::0]",[33,159204,159205],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[33,159207,159208],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,159210,159211],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[51,159213,159215],{"className":53,"code":159214,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,159216,159217,159227,159245,159267],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,159218,159219,159221,159223,159225],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,159220,135],{"class":134},[60,159222,122],{"class":74},[60,159224,147767],{"class":118},[60,159226,128],{"class":74},[60,159228,159229,159231,159233,159235,159237,159239,159241,159243],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,159230,135],{"class":134},[60,159232,122],{"class":74},[60,159234,147767],{"class":118},[60,159236,3854],{"class":74},[60,159238,79],{"class":78},[60,159240,166],{"class":74},[60,159242,2465],{"class":78},[60,159244,1193],{"class":74},[60,159246,159247,159249,159251,159253,159255,159257,159259,159261,159263,159265],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,159248,135],{"class":134},[60,159250,122],{"class":74},[60,159252,1657],{"class":1656},[60,159254,122],{"class":74},[60,159256,147767],{"class":118},[60,159258,3854],{"class":74},[60,159260,79],{"class":78},[60,159262,166],{"class":74},[60,159264,2465],{"class":78},[60,159266,2958],{"class":74},[60,159268,159269,159271,159273,159275,159277,159279],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,159270,135],{"class":134},[60,159272,122],{"class":74},[60,159274,11097],{"class":134},[60,159276,122],{"class":74},[60,159278,147767],{"class":118},[60,159280,315],{"class":74},[20,159282,11106],{},[30,159284,159285,159287,159290,159293],{},[33,159286,154981],{},[33,159288,159289],{},"what the slice actually returns",[33,159291,159292],{},"that the result is a tuple",[33,159294,159295],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[46,159297,1773],{"id":1772},[553,159299,159301],{"id":159300},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,159303,159304],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[553,159306,159308],{"id":159307},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,159310,159311],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[553,159313,5090,159315,39894],{"id":159314},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,159316,158134],{},[20,159318,159319],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[553,159321,159323,159324,1435],{"id":159322},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,159325,70491],{},[20,159327,159328,159329,115],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,159330,70491],{},[46,159332,1842],{"id":1841},[30,159334,159335,159339,159343,159347,159351],{},[33,159336,159337],{},[260,159338,155841],{"href":150728},[33,159340,159341],{},[260,159342,149422],{"href":152848},[33,159344,159345],{},[260,159346,150671],{"href":157005},[33,159348,159349],{},[260,159350,147749],{"href":157367},[33,159352,159353],{},[260,159354,154594],{"href":158859},[1885,159356,159357],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":159359},[159360,159361,159362,159363,159371,159375,159376,159381,159382,159387,159388,159396],{"id":1971,"depth":104,"text":1972},{"id":157167,"depth":104,"text":157168},{"id":157370,"depth":104,"text":157371},{"id":75775,"depth":104,"text":75776,"children":159364},[159365,159367,159368,159369,159370],{"id":157528,"depth":131,"text":159366},"Get the first n items",{"id":157607,"depth":131,"text":157608},{"id":157685,"depth":131,"text":157686},{"id":157767,"depth":131,"text":157768},{"id":157849,"depth":131,"text":157850},{"id":76069,"depth":104,"text":76070,"children":159372},[159373,159374],{"id":157944,"depth":131,"text":157945},{"id":158028,"depth":131,"text":158029},{"id":158117,"depth":104,"text":158118},{"id":158369,"depth":104,"text":158370,"children":159377},[159378,159379,159380],{"id":158378,"depth":131,"text":158379},{"id":158494,"depth":131,"text":158495},{"id":158602,"depth":131,"text":158603},{"id":158668,"depth":104,"text":158669},{"id":76902,"depth":104,"text":15111,"children":159383},[159384,159385,159386],{"id":158885,"depth":131,"text":158886},{"id":158970,"depth":131,"text":158971},{"id":159067,"depth":131,"text":159068},{"id":113486,"depth":104,"text":113487},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":159389},[159390,159391,159392,159394],{"id":159300,"depth":131,"text":159301},{"id":159307,"depth":131,"text":159308},{"id":159314,"depth":131,"text":159393},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159322,"depth":131,"text":159395},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":157011,"description":159397},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159404,"title":159405,"body":159406,"description":161229,"extension":1930,"meta":161230,"navigation":421,"path":34742,"seo":161231,"stem":161232,"__hash__":161233},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159407,"toc":161195},[159408,159413,159418,159422,159440,159443,159458,159464,159466,159523,159525,159557,159569,159575,159580,159583,159618,159624,159626,159629,159643,159646,159648,159671,159673,159691,159694,159710,159712,159715,159828,159830,159919,159922,159927,159933,159936,159939,160038,160040,160099,160104,160107,160176,160180,160212,160228,160233,160240,160247,160259,160261,160310,160312,160335,160341,160389,160394,160401,160409,160415,160418,160442,160445,160447,160523,160525,160550,160556,160559,160564,160568,160582,160584,160647,160649,160681,160684,160700,160702,160708,160715,160717,160736,160738,160756,160763,160768,160775,160777,160814,160817,160824,160828,160831,160889,160892,160895,160950,160952,160964,160970,160972,160976,161009,161016,161018,161081,161084,161086,161091,161105,161112,161120,161129,161138,161144,161150,161152,161192],[10,159409,1875,159411,3541],{"id":159410},"python-type-function-explained",[15,159412,2266],{},[20,159414,32250,159415,159417],{},[15,159416,2266],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,159419,62526,159420,104331],{},[15,159421,2266],{},[30,159423,159424,159427,159430,159433],{},[33,159425,159426],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[33,159428,159429],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[33,159431,159432],{},"debug confusing code",[33,159434,159435,159436],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[260,159437,159438],{"href":8159},[15,159439,2918],{},[20,159441,159442],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[51,159444,159446],{"className":53,"code":159445,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"type(object)\n",[15,159447,159448],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,159449,159450,159452,159454,159456],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,159451,1657],{"class":1656},[60,159453,122],{"class":74},[60,159455,42330],{"class":1656},[60,159457,128],{"class":74},[20,159459,159460,159461,159463],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,159462,2266],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[46,159465,49],{"id":48},[51,159467,159469],{"className":53,"code":159468,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,159470,159471,159483,159497,159501,159509],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,159472,159473,159475,159477,159479,159481],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,159474,7816],{"class":66},[60,159476,71],{"class":70},[60,159478,267],{"class":255},[60,159480,4952],{"class":259},[60,159482,3320],{"class":255},[60,159484,159485,159487,159489,159491,159493,159495],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,159486,135],{"class":134},[60,159488,122],{"class":74},[60,159490,1657],{"class":1656},[60,159492,122],{"class":74},[60,159494,7611],{"class":118},[60,159496,315],{"class":74},[60,159498,159499],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,159500,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,159502,159503,159505,159507],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,159504,2182],{"class":66},[60,159506,71],{"class":70},[60,159508,2548],{"class":78},[60,159510,159511,159513,159515,159517,159519,159521],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,159512,135],{"class":134},[60,159514,122],{"class":74},[60,159516,1657],{"class":1656},[60,159518,122],{"class":74},[60,159520,2204],{"class":118},[60,159522,315],{"class":74},[20,159524,318],{},[51,159526,159527],{"className":53,"code":124834,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,159528,159529,159543],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,159530,159531,159533,159535,159537,159539,159541],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,159532,3250],{"class":70},[60,159534,3253],{"class":2033},[60,159536,3256],{"class":255},[60,159538,3405],{"class":259},[60,159540,3261],{"class":255},[60,159542,3264],{"class":70},[60,159544,159545,159547,159549,159551,159553,159555],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,159546,3250],{"class":70},[60,159548,3253],{"class":2033},[60,159550,3256],{"class":255},[60,159552,345],{"class":259},[60,159554,3261],{"class":255},[60,159556,3264],{"class":70},[20,159558,150,159559,159562,159563,544,159566,115],{},[15,159560,159561],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,159564,159565],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,159567,159568],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[46,159570,12933,159572,159574],{"id":159571},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,159573,2266],{}," function does",[20,159576,159577,159579],{},[15,159578,2266],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,159581,159582],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[30,159584,159585,159590,159595,159600,159605,159610],{},[33,159586,159587,159589],{},[15,159588,3405],{}," for text",[33,159591,159592,159594],{},[15,159593,345],{}," for whole numbers",[33,159596,159597,159599],{},[15,159598,2157],{}," for decimal numbers",[33,159601,159602,159604],{},[15,159603,8033],{}," for lists",[33,159606,159607,159609],{},[15,159608,8756],{}," for dictionaries",[33,159611,159612,68855,159614,544,159616],{},[15,159613,3823],{},[15,159615,547],{},[15,159617,1463],{},[20,159619,159620,159621,159623],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,159622,2266],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[46,159625,199],{"id":198},[20,159627,159628],{},"The main beginner form is:",[51,159630,159631],{"className":53,"code":159445,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,159632,159633],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,159634,159635,159637,159639,159641],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,159636,1657],{"class":1656},[60,159638,122],{"class":74},[60,159640,42330],{"class":1656},[60,159642,128],{"class":74},[20,159644,159645],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,159647,238],{},[51,159649,159651],{"className":53,"code":159650,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,159652,159653],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,159654,159655,159657,159659,159661,159663,159665,159667,159669],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,159656,135],{"class":134},[60,159658,122],{"class":74},[60,159660,1657],{"class":1656},[60,159662,122],{"class":74},[60,159664,256],{"class":255},[60,159666,3801],{"class":259},[60,159668,256],{"class":255},[60,159670,315],{"class":74},[20,159672,318],{},[51,159674,159675],{"className":53,"code":45702,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,159676,159677],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,159678,159679,159681,159683,159685,159687,159689],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,159680,3250],{"class":70},[60,159682,3253],{"class":2033},[60,159684,3256],{"class":255},[60,159686,3405],{"class":259},[60,159688,3261],{"class":255},[60,159690,3264],{"class":70},[20,159692,159693],{},"You can pass either:",[30,159695,159696,159703],{},[33,159697,159698,159699,1460,159701],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,159700,64294],{},[15,159702,46458],{},[33,159704,159705,159706,1460,159708],{},"a variable such as ",[15,159707,7611],{},[15,159709,9234],{},[46,159711,121646],{"id":121645},[20,159713,159714],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[51,159716,159718],{"className":53,"code":159717,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,159719,159720,159738,159752,159766,159788,159814],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,159721,159722,159724,159726,159728,159730,159732,159734,159736],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,159723,135],{"class":134},[60,159725,122],{"class":74},[60,159727,1657],{"class":1656},[60,159729,122],{"class":74},[60,159731,256],{"class":255},[60,159733,3801],{"class":259},[60,159735,256],{"class":255},[60,159737,315],{"class":74},[60,159739,159740,159742,159744,159746,159748,159750],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,159741,135],{"class":134},[60,159743,122],{"class":74},[60,159745,1657],{"class":1656},[60,159747,122],{"class":74},[60,159749,873],{"class":78},[60,159751,315],{"class":74},[60,159753,159754,159756,159758,159760,159762,159764],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,159755,135],{"class":134},[60,159757,122],{"class":74},[60,159759,1657],{"class":1656},[60,159761,122],{"class":74},[60,159763,40077],{"class":78},[60,159765,315],{"class":74},[60,159767,159768,159770,159772,159774,159776,159778,159780,159782,159784,159786],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,159769,135],{"class":134},[60,159771,122],{"class":74},[60,159773,1657],{"class":1656},[60,159775,835],{"class":74},[60,159777,79],{"class":78},[60,159779,82],{"class":74},[60,159781,85],{"class":78},[60,159783,82],{"class":74},[60,159785,94],{"class":78},[60,159787,2958],{"class":74},[60,159789,159790,159792,159794,159796,159798,159800,159802,159804,159806,159808,159810,159812],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,159791,135],{"class":134},[60,159793,122],{"class":74},[60,159795,1657],{"class":1656},[60,159797,5475],{"class":74},[60,159799,256],{"class":255},[60,159801,7611],{"class":259},[60,159803,256],{"class":255},[60,159805,166],{"class":74},[60,159807,267],{"class":255},[60,159809,4952],{"class":259},[60,159811,256],{"class":255},[60,159813,5484],{"class":74},[60,159815,159816,159818,159820,159822,159824,159826],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,159817,135],{"class":134},[60,159819,122],{"class":74},[60,159821,1657],{"class":1656},[60,159823,122],{"class":74},[60,159825,547],{"class":685},[60,159827,315],{"class":74},[20,159829,318],{},[51,159831,159833],{"className":53,"code":159832,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,159834,159835,159849,159863,159877,159891,159905],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,159836,159837,159839,159841,159843,159845,159847],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,159838,3250],{"class":70},[60,159840,3253],{"class":2033},[60,159842,3256],{"class":255},[60,159844,3405],{"class":259},[60,159846,3261],{"class":255},[60,159848,3264],{"class":70},[60,159850,159851,159853,159855,159857,159859,159861],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,159852,3250],{"class":70},[60,159854,3253],{"class":2033},[60,159856,3256],{"class":255},[60,159858,345],{"class":259},[60,159860,3261],{"class":255},[60,159862,3264],{"class":70},[60,159864,159865,159867,159869,159871,159873,159875],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,159866,3250],{"class":70},[60,159868,3253],{"class":2033},[60,159870,3256],{"class":255},[60,159872,2157],{"class":259},[60,159874,3261],{"class":255},[60,159876,3264],{"class":70},[60,159878,159879,159881,159883,159885,159887,159889],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,159880,3250],{"class":70},[60,159882,3253],{"class":2033},[60,159884,3256],{"class":255},[60,159886,8033],{"class":259},[60,159888,3261],{"class":255},[60,159890,3264],{"class":70},[60,159892,159893,159895,159897,159899,159901,159903],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,159894,3250],{"class":70},[60,159896,3253],{"class":2033},[60,159898,3256],{"class":255},[60,159900,8756],{"class":259},[60,159902,3261],{"class":255},[60,159904,3264],{"class":70},[60,159906,159907,159909,159911,159913,159915,159917],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,159908,3250],{"class":70},[60,159910,3253],{"class":2033},[60,159912,3256],{"class":255},[60,159914,3823],{"class":259},[60,159916,3261],{"class":255},[60,159918,3264],{"class":70},[20,159920,159921],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,159923,159924,159925,115],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[260,159926,44729],{"href":48909},[46,159928,8356,159930,159932],{"id":159929},"using-type-with-variables",[15,159931,2266],{}," with variables",[20,159934,159935],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,159937,159938],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[51,159940,159942],{"className":53,"code":159941,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,159943,159944,159952,159970,159974,159986,160004,160008,160020],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,159945,159946,159948,159950],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,159947,1690],{"class":66},[60,159949,71],{"class":70},[60,159951,2548],{"class":78},[60,159953,159954,159956,159958,159960,159962,159964,159966,159968],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,159955,135],{"class":134},[60,159957,122],{"class":74},[60,159959,221],{"class":118},[60,159961,82],{"class":74},[60,159963,49321],{"class":1656},[60,159965,122],{"class":74},[60,159967,221],{"class":118},[60,159969,315],{"class":74},[60,159971,159972],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,159973,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,159975,159976,159978,159980,159982,159984],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,159977,1690],{"class":66},[60,159979,71],{"class":70},[60,159981,267],{"class":255},[60,159983,45839],{"class":259},[60,159985,3320],{"class":255},[60,159987,159988,159990,159992,159994,159996,159998,160000,160002],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,159989,135],{"class":134},[60,159991,122],{"class":74},[60,159993,221],{"class":118},[60,159995,82],{"class":74},[60,159997,49321],{"class":1656},[60,159999,122],{"class":74},[60,160001,221],{"class":118},[60,160003,315],{"class":74},[60,160005,160006],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,160007,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,160009,160010,160012,160014,160016,160018],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,160011,1690],{"class":66},[60,160013,71],{"class":70},[60,160015,75],{"class":74},[60,160017,873],{"class":78},[60,160019,101],{"class":74},[60,160021,160022,160024,160026,160028,160030,160032,160034,160036],{"class":62,"line":6367},[60,160023,135],{"class":134},[60,160025,122],{"class":74},[60,160027,221],{"class":118},[60,160029,82],{"class":74},[60,160031,49321],{"class":1656},[60,160033,122],{"class":74},[60,160035,221],{"class":118},[60,160037,315],{"class":74},[20,160039,318],{},[51,160041,160043],{"className":53,"code":160042,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,160044,160045,160062,160079],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,160046,160047,160049,160052,160054,160056,160058,160060],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,160048,873],{"class":78},[60,160050,160051],{"class":70}," \u003C",[60,160053,3253],{"class":2033},[60,160055,3256],{"class":255},[60,160057,345],{"class":259},[60,160059,3261],{"class":255},[60,160061,3264],{"class":70},[60,160063,160064,160067,160069,160071,160073,160075,160077],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,160065,160066],{"class":66},"ten ",[60,160068,3250],{"class":70},[60,160070,3253],{"class":2033},[60,160072,3256],{"class":255},[60,160074,3405],{"class":259},[60,160076,3261],{"class":255},[60,160078,3264],{"class":70},[60,160080,160081,160083,160085,160087,160089,160091,160093,160095,160097],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,160082,3854],{"class":74},[60,160084,873],{"class":78},[60,160086,13208],{"class":74},[60,160088,160051],{"class":70},[60,160090,3253],{"class":2033},[60,160092,3256],{"class":255},[60,160094,8033],{"class":259},[60,160096,3261],{"class":255},[60,160098,3264],{"class":70},[20,160100,160101,160103],{},[15,160102,2266],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,160105,160106],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[51,160108,160110],{"className":53,"code":160109,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,160111,160112,160130,160144,160148,160162],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,160113,160114,160116,160118,160120,160122,160124,160126,160128],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,160115,3353],{"class":66},[60,160117,71],{"class":70},[60,160119,8182],{"class":134},[60,160121,122],{"class":74},[60,160123,256],{"class":255},[60,160125,41804],{"class":259},[60,160127,256],{"class":255},[60,160129,128],{"class":74},[60,160131,160132,160134,160136,160138,160140,160142],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,160133,135],{"class":134},[60,160135,122],{"class":74},[60,160137,1657],{"class":1656},[60,160139,122],{"class":74},[60,160141,3379],{"class":118},[60,160143,315],{"class":74},[60,160145,160146],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,160147,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,160149,160150,160152,160154,160156,160158,160160],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,160151,122758],{"class":66},[60,160153,71],{"class":70},[60,160155,45208],{"class":1656},[60,160157,122],{"class":74},[60,160159,3379],{"class":118},[60,160161,128],{"class":74},[60,160163,160164,160166,160168,160170,160172,160174],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,160165,135],{"class":134},[60,160167,122],{"class":74},[60,160169,1657],{"class":1656},[60,160171,122],{"class":74},[60,160173,122781],{"class":118},[60,160175,315],{"class":74},[20,160177,41055,160178,41059],{},[15,160179,9128],{},[51,160181,160182],{"className":53,"code":124834,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,160183,160184,160198],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,160185,160186,160188,160190,160192,160194,160196],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,160187,3250],{"class":70},[60,160189,3253],{"class":2033},[60,160191,3256],{"class":255},[60,160193,3405],{"class":259},[60,160195,3261],{"class":255},[60,160197,3264],{"class":70},[60,160199,160200,160202,160204,160206,160208,160210],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,160201,3250],{"class":70},[60,160203,3253],{"class":2033},[60,160205,3256],{"class":255},[60,160207,345],{"class":259},[60,160209,3261],{"class":255},[60,160211,3264],{"class":70},[20,160213,45635,160214,160218,160219,1460,160223,160227],{},[260,160215,160216],{"href":8159},[15,160217,2918],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[260,160220,160221],{"href":2835},[15,160222,2838],{},[260,160224,160225],{"href":2841},[15,160226,2844],{}," if you need a number.",[20,160229,160230,160231,115],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[260,160232,8916],{"href":8915},[46,160234,160236,10521,160238],{"id":160235},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,160237,2266],{},[15,160239,44737],{},[20,160241,160242,544,160244,160246],{},[15,160243,2266],{},[15,160245,44737],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[30,160248,160249,160254],{},[33,160250,160251,160253],{},[15,160252,2266],{}," tells you the exact type",[33,160255,160256,160258],{},[15,160257,44737],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,160260,238],{},[51,160262,160264],{"className":53,"code":160263,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160265,160266,160274,160278,160292],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,160267,160268,160270,160272],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,160269,1690],{"class":66},[60,160271,71],{"class":70},[60,160273,34776],{"class":78},[60,160275,160276],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,160277,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,160279,160280,160282,160284,160286,160288,160290],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,160281,135],{"class":134},[60,160283,122],{"class":74},[60,160285,1657],{"class":1656},[60,160287,122],{"class":74},[60,160289,221],{"class":118},[60,160291,315],{"class":74},[60,160293,160294,160296,160298,160300,160302,160304,160306,160308],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,160295,135],{"class":134},[60,160297,122],{"class":74},[60,160299,48806],{"class":134},[60,160301,122],{"class":74},[60,160303,221],{"class":118},[60,160305,82],{"class":74},[60,160307,45208],{"class":1656},[60,160309,315],{"class":74},[20,160311,318],{},[51,160313,160315],{"className":53,"code":160314,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,160316,160317,160331],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,160318,160319,160321,160323,160325,160327,160329],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,160320,3250],{"class":70},[60,160322,3253],{"class":2033},[60,160324,3256],{"class":255},[60,160326,345],{"class":259},[60,160328,3261],{"class":255},[60,160330,3264],{"class":70},[60,160332,160333],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,160334,3933],{"class":685},[20,160336,160337,160338,160340],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,160339,44737],{}," is more practical.",[51,160342,160344],{"className":53,"code":160343,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,160345,160346,160354,160358,160374],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,160347,160348,160350,160352],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,160349,1690],{"class":66},[60,160351,71],{"class":70},[60,160353,34776],{"class":78},[60,160355,160356],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,160357,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,160359,160360,160362,160364,160366,160368,160370,160372],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,160361,6939],{"class":1537},[60,160363,49544],{"class":134},[60,160365,122],{"class":74},[60,160367,221],{"class":118},[60,160369,82],{"class":74},[60,160371,45208],{"class":1656},[60,160373,8281],{"class":74},[60,160375,160376,160378,160380,160382,160385,160387],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,160377,1718],{"class":134},[60,160379,122],{"class":74},[60,160381,256],{"class":255},[60,160383,160384],{"class":259},"This is an integer",[60,160386,256],{"class":255},[60,160388,128],{"class":74},[20,160390,150,160391,160393],{},[15,160392,2266],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,160395,150,160396,160398,160399,7114],{},[15,160397,44737],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,160400,6939],{},[20,160402,160403,160404,115],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[260,160405,1875,160407,3471],{"href":160406},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,160408,44737],{},[46,160410,160412,160413],{"id":160411},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,160414,2266],{},[20,160416,160417],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[51,160419,160421],{"className":53,"code":160420,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,160422,160423],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,160424,160425,160427,160429,160431,160433,160436,160438,160440],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,160426,1657],{"class":1656},[60,160428,122],{"class":74},[60,160430,7611],{"class":118},[60,160432,82],{"class":74},[60,160434,160435],{"class":118}," bases",[60,160437,82],{"class":74},[60,160439,9105],{"class":1656},[60,160441,128],{"class":74},[20,160443,160444],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,160446,238],{},[51,160448,160450],{"className":53,"code":160449,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,160451,160452,160495,160499,160509],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,160453,160454,160457,160459,160461,160463,160465,160468,160470,160472,160475,160477,160479,160482,160484,160486,160488,160491,160493],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,160455,160456],{"class":66},"Person ",[60,160458,71],{"class":70},[60,160460,49321],{"class":1656},[60,160462,122],{"class":74},[60,160464,256],{"class":255},[60,160466,160467],{"class":259},"Person",[60,160469,256],{"class":255},[60,160471,82],{"class":74},[60,160473,160474],{"class":74}," (),",[60,160476,10426],{"class":74},[60,160478,256],{"class":255},[60,160480,160481],{"class":259},"species",[60,160483,256],{"class":255},[60,160485,166],{"class":74},[60,160487,267],{"class":255},[60,160489,160490],{"class":259},"human",[60,160492,256],{"class":255},[60,160494,30428],{"class":74},[60,160496,160497],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,160498,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,160500,160501,160503,160505,160507],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,160502,135],{"class":134},[60,160504,122],{"class":74},[60,160506,160467],{"class":118},[60,160508,128],{"class":74},[60,160510,160511,160513,160515,160517,160519,160521],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,160512,135],{"class":134},[60,160514,122],{"class":74},[60,160516,160467],{"class":118},[60,160518,115],{"class":74},[60,160520,160481],{"class":24682},[60,160522,128],{"class":74},[20,160524,318],{},[51,160526,160528],{"className":53,"code":160527,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,160529,160530,160545],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,160531,160532,160534,160536,160538,160541,160543],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,160533,3250],{"class":70},[60,160535,3253],{"class":2033},[60,160537,3256],{"class":255},[60,160539,160540],{"class":259},"__main__.Person",[60,160542,3261],{"class":255},[60,160544,3264],{"class":70},[60,160546,160547],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,160548,160549],{"class":66},"human\n",[20,160551,160552,160553,160555],{},"Most beginners do ",[3698,160554,4581],{}," need this form.",[20,160557,160558],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[46,160560,1221,160562],{"id":160561},"when-to-use-type",[15,160563,2266],{},[20,160565,160566,12381],{},[15,160567,2266],{},[30,160569,160570,160573,160576,160579],{},[33,160571,160572],{},"debug unexpected values",[33,160574,160575],{},"check what a conversion produced",[33,160577,160578],{},"learn Python data types",[33,160580,160581],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,160583,5418],{},[51,160585,160587],{"className":53,"code":160586,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160588,160589,160601,160615,160619,160633],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,160590,160591,160593,160595,160597,160599],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,160592,34621],{"class":66},[60,160594,71],{"class":70},[60,160596,267],{"class":255},[60,160598,50177],{"class":259},[60,160600,3320],{"class":255},[60,160602,160603,160605,160607,160609,160611,160613],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,160604,2182],{"class":66},[60,160606,71],{"class":70},[60,160608,45208],{"class":1656},[60,160610,122],{"class":74},[60,160612,34642],{"class":118},[60,160614,128],{"class":74},[60,160616,160617],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,160618,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,160620,160621,160623,160625,160627,160629,160631],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,160622,135],{"class":134},[60,160624,122],{"class":74},[60,160626,1657],{"class":1656},[60,160628,122],{"class":74},[60,160630,34642],{"class":118},[60,160632,315],{"class":74},[60,160634,160635,160637,160639,160641,160643,160645],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,160636,135],{"class":134},[60,160638,122],{"class":74},[60,160640,1657],{"class":1656},[60,160642,122],{"class":74},[60,160644,2204],{"class":118},[60,160646,315],{"class":74},[20,160648,318],{},[51,160650,160651],{"className":53,"code":124834,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,160652,160653,160667],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,160654,160655,160657,160659,160661,160663,160665],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,160656,3250],{"class":70},[60,160658,3253],{"class":2033},[60,160660,3256],{"class":255},[60,160662,3405],{"class":259},[60,160664,3261],{"class":255},[60,160666,3264],{"class":70},[60,160668,160669,160671,160673,160675,160677,160679],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,160670,3250],{"class":70},[60,160672,3253],{"class":2033},[60,160674,3256],{"class":255},[60,160676,345],{"class":259},[60,160678,3261],{"class":255},[60,160680,3264],{"class":70},[20,160682,160683],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,160685,160686,160687,2154,160691,17007,160695,160699],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[260,160688,160689],{"href":42107},[15,160690,47614],{},[260,160692,160693],{"href":2835},[15,160694,2838],{},[260,160696,160697],{"href":2841},[15,160698,2844],{}," are often the next step.",[46,160701,25290],{"id":25289},[20,160703,160704,160705,160707],{},"A few things about ",[15,160706,2266],{}," often confuse beginners.",[553,160709,160711,160714],{"id":160710},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,160712,160713],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,160716,64403],{},[51,160718,160720],{"className":53,"code":160719,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(type(5))\n",[15,160721,160722],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,160723,160724,160726,160728,160730,160732,160734],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,160725,135],{"class":134},[60,160727,122],{"class":74},[60,160729,1657],{"class":1656},[60,160731,122],{"class":74},[60,160733,1086],{"class":78},[60,160735,315],{"class":74},[20,160737,122677],{},[51,160739,160740],{"className":53,"code":156189,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,160741,160742],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,160743,160744,160746,160748,160750,160752,160754],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,160745,3250],{"class":70},[60,160747,3253],{"class":2033},[60,160749,3256],{"class":255},[60,160751,345],{"class":259},[60,160753,3261],{"class":255},[60,160755,3264],{"class":70},[20,160757,40840,160758,160760,160761,115],{},[3698,160759,4581],{}," print just ",[15,160762,345],{},[20,160764,6619,160765,160767],{},[15,160766,2266],{}," returns a class object.",[553,160769,160771,2361,160773],{"id":160770},"input-returns-str",[15,160772,2918],{},[15,160774,3405],{},[20,160776,79302],{},[51,160778,160780],{"className":53,"code":160779,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,160781,160782,160800],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,160783,160784,160786,160788,160790,160792,160794,160796,160798],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,160785,1690],{"class":66},[60,160787,71],{"class":70},[60,160789,8182],{"class":134},[60,160791,122],{"class":74},[60,160793,256],{"class":255},[60,160795,46242],{"class":259},[60,160797,256],{"class":255},[60,160799,128],{"class":74},[60,160801,160802,160804,160806,160808,160810,160812],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,160803,135],{"class":134},[60,160805,122],{"class":74},[60,160807,1657],{"class":1656},[60,160809,122],{"class":74},[60,160811,221],{"class":118},[60,160813,315],{"class":74},[20,160815,160816],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,160818,160819,160820,1460,160822,115],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,160821,2838],{},[15,160823,2844],{},[553,160825,160827],{"id":160826},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,160829,160830],{},"Avoid code like this:",[51,160832,160834],{"className":53,"code":160833,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,160835,160836,160844,160848,160874],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,160837,160838,160840,160842],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,160839,1690],{"class":66},[60,160841,71],{"class":70},[60,160843,34776],{"class":78},[60,160845,160846],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,160847,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,160849,160850,160852,160854,160856,160858,160860,160862,160864,160866,160868,160870,160872],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,160851,6939],{"class":1537},[60,160853,48835],{"class":1656},[60,160855,122],{"class":74},[60,160857,1657],{"class":1656},[60,160859,122],{"class":74},[60,160861,221],{"class":118},[60,160863,446],{"class":74},[60,160865,6349],{"class":70},[60,160867,267],{"class":255},[60,160869,159568],{"class":259},[60,160871,256],{"class":255},[60,160873,1712],{"class":74},[60,160875,160876,160878,160880,160882,160885,160887],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,160877,1718],{"class":134},[60,160879,122],{"class":74},[60,160881,256],{"class":255},[60,160883,160884],{"class":259},"It is an int",[60,160886,256],{"class":255},[60,160888,128],{"class":74},[20,160890,160891],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,160893,160894],{},"Better options:",[51,160896,160898],{"className":53,"code":160897,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160899,160900,160908,160912,160932],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,160901,160902,160904,160906],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,160903,1690],{"class":66},[60,160905,71],{"class":70},[60,160907,34776],{"class":78},[60,160909,160910],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,160911,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,160913,160914,160916,160918,160920,160922,160924,160926,160928,160930],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,160915,135],{"class":134},[60,160917,122],{"class":74},[60,160919,1657],{"class":1656},[60,160921,122],{"class":74},[60,160923,221],{"class":118},[60,160925,143],{"class":74},[60,160927,6349],{"class":70},[60,160929,45208],{"class":1656},[60,160931,128],{"class":74},[60,160933,160934,160936,160938,160940,160942,160944,160946,160948],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,160935,135],{"class":134},[60,160937,122],{"class":74},[60,160939,48806],{"class":134},[60,160941,122],{"class":74},[60,160943,221],{"class":118},[60,160945,82],{"class":74},[60,160947,45208],{"class":1656},[60,160949,315],{"class":74},[20,160951,318],{},[51,160953,160954],{"className":53,"code":4454,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,160955,160956,160960],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,160957,160958],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,160959,3933],{"class":685},[60,160961,160962],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,160963,3933],{"class":685},[20,160965,160966,160967,160969],{},"In most real code, ",[15,160968,44737],{}," is the more useful check.",[46,160971,1351],{"id":1350},[20,160973,14668,160974,166],{},[15,160975,2266],{},[30,160977,160978,160988,160997,161006],{},[33,160979,8356,160980,160982,160983,160987],{},[15,160981,2266],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[260,160984,160985],{"href":8159},[15,160986,2918],{}," always returns a string",[33,160989,1454,160990,160992,160993,11028,160995],{},[15,160991,2266],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,160994,345],{},[15,160996,159568],{},[33,160998,8356,160999,44561,161002,161005],{},[15,161000,161001],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,161003,161004],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[33,161007,161008],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,161010,161011,161012,115],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[260,161013,161015],{"href":161014},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,161017,144343],{},[51,161019,161021],{"className":53,"code":161020,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,161022,161023,161037,161047,161061,161071],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,161024,161025,161027,161029,161031,161033,161035],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,161026,135],{"class":134},[60,161028,122],{"class":74},[60,161030,1657],{"class":1656},[60,161032,122],{"class":74},[60,161034,221],{"class":118},[60,161036,315],{"class":74},[60,161038,161039,161041,161043,161045],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,161040,135],{"class":134},[60,161042,122],{"class":74},[60,161044,221],{"class":118},[60,161046,128],{"class":74},[60,161048,161049,161051,161053,161055,161057,161059],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,161050,135],{"class":134},[60,161052,122],{"class":74},[60,161054,1723],{"class":134},[60,161056,122],{"class":74},[60,161058,221],{"class":118},[60,161060,315],{"class":74},[60,161062,161063,161065,161067,161069],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,161064,32085],{"class":134},[60,161066,122],{"class":74},[60,161068,1657],{"class":1656},[60,161070,128],{"class":74},[60,161072,161073,161075,161077,161079],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,161074,34305],{"class":134},[60,161076,122],{"class":74},[60,161078,221],{"class":118},[60,161080,128],{"class":74},[20,161082,161083],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[46,161085,1773],{"id":1772},[553,161087,5090,161089,5093],{"id":161088},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,161090,2266],{},[20,161092,161093,161094,2154,161096,2154,161098,2158,161100,161102,161103,115],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,161095,3405],{},[15,161097,345],{},[15,161099,8033],{},[15,161101,8756],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,161104,159565],{},[553,161106,1806,161108,57127,161110,1435],{"id":161107},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,161109,2266],{},[15,161111,44737],{},[20,161113,46297,161114,161116,161117,161119],{},[15,161115,2266],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,161118,44737],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[553,161121,1821,161123,161126,161127,1435],{"id":161122},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,161124,161125],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,161128,3405],{},[20,161130,1438,161131,161133,161134,1460,161136,160227],{},[15,161132,2918],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,161135,2838],{},[15,161137,2844],{},[553,161139,1796,161141,161143],{"id":161140},"can-type-create-classes",[15,161142,2266],{}," create classes?",[20,161145,161146,161147,115],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,161148,161149],{},"type(object)",[46,161151,1842],{"id":1841},[30,161153,161154,161158,161164,161170,161174,161180,161186],{},[33,161155,161156],{},[260,161157,44729],{"href":48909},[33,161159,161160],{},[260,161161,1875,161162,3471],{"href":160406},[15,161163,44737],{},[33,161165,161166],{},[260,161167,1875,161168,3471],{"href":8159},[15,161169,2918],{},[33,161171,161172],{},[260,161173,8993],{"href":8915},[33,161175,161176],{},[260,161177,1875,161178,3471],{"href":2835},[15,161179,2838],{},[33,161181,161182],{},[260,161183,1875,161184,3471],{"href":2841},[15,161185,2844],{},[33,161187,161188],{},[260,161189,1875,161190,3471],{"href":42107},[15,161191,47614],{},[1885,161193,161194],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":161196},[161197,161198,161200,161201,161202,161204,161206,161208,161210,161217,161218,161228],{"id":48,"depth":104,"text":49},{"id":159571,"depth":104,"text":161199},"What the type() function does",{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199},{"id":121645,"depth":104,"text":121646},{"id":159929,"depth":104,"text":161203},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160235,"depth":104,"text":161205},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160411,"depth":104,"text":161207},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160561,"depth":104,"text":161209},"When to use type()",{"id":25289,"depth":104,"text":25290,"children":161211},[161212,161214,161216],{"id":160710,"depth":131,"text":161213},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160770,"depth":131,"text":161215},"input() returns str",{"id":160826,"depth":131,"text":160827},{"id":1350,"depth":104,"text":1351},{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":161219},[161220,161222,161224,161226],{"id":161088,"depth":131,"text":161221},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161107,"depth":131,"text":161223},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161122,"depth":131,"text":161225},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161140,"depth":131,"text":161227},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159405,"description":161229},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161235,"title":161236,"body":161237,"description":163716,"extension":1930,"meta":163717,"navigation":421,"path":163718,"seo":163719,"stem":163720,"__hash__":163721},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161238,"toc":163673},[161239,161244,161249,161258,161260,161360,161362,161387,161392,161397,161413,161416,161418,161420,161445,161448,161451,161534,161536,161585,161588,161710,161712,161785,161789,161792,161906,161908,161934,161936,161957,161962,161966,161971,161974,162078,162080,162097,162106,162109,162196,162198,162209,162214,162220,162225,162231,162234,162327,162329,162378,162384,162387,162488,162490,162543,162548,162552,162555,162654,162656,162695,162698,162703,162705,162710,162714,162827,162831,162928,162932,163020,163022,163039,163043,163166,163172,163178,163184,163189,163192,163219,163223,163225,163319,163322,163326,163329,163416,163419,163454,163456,163493,163496,163504,163509,163514,163588,163595,163597,163602,163605,163611,163614,163620,163625,163631,163636,163640,163643,163645,163670],[10,161240,1875,161242,3541],{"id":161241},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,161243,64079],{},[20,161245,161246,161248],{},[15,161247,64079],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,161250,161251,161252,161254,161255,161257],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,161253,64079],{}," inside a ",[15,161256,1702],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[46,161259,1972],{"id":1971},[51,161261,161263],{"className":53,"code":161262,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161264,161265,161297,161317,161321,161346],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,161266,161267,161269,161271,161273,161275,161277,161279,161281,161283,161285,161287,161289,161291,161293,161295],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,161268,1559],{"class":66},[60,161270,71],{"class":70},[60,161272,75],{"class":74},[60,161274,256],{"class":255},[60,161276,12817],{"class":259},[60,161278,256],{"class":255},[60,161280,82],{"class":74},[60,161282,267],{"class":255},[60,161284,35876],{"class":259},[60,161286,256],{"class":255},[60,161288,82],{"class":74},[60,161290,267],{"class":255},[60,161292,35885],{"class":259},[60,161294,256],{"class":255},[60,161296,101],{"class":74},[60,161298,161299,161301,161303,161305,161307,161309,161311,161313,161315],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,161300,5011],{"class":66},[60,161302,71],{"class":70},[60,161304,75],{"class":74},[60,161306,13437],{"class":78},[60,161308,82],{"class":74},[60,161310,13442],{"class":78},[60,161312,82],{"class":74},[60,161314,28853],{"class":78},[60,161316,101],{"class":74},[60,161318,161319],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,161320,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,161322,161323,161325,161327,161329,161331,161333,161336,161338,161340,161342,161344],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,161324,1702],{"class":1537},[60,161326,35927],{"class":66},[60,161328,82],{"class":74},[60,161330,5053],{"class":66},[60,161332,511],{"class":1537},[60,161334,161335],{"class":134}," zip",[60,161337,122],{"class":74},[60,161339,1599],{"class":118},[60,161341,82],{"class":74},[60,161343,5058],{"class":118},[60,161345,8281],{"class":74},[60,161347,161348,161350,161352,161354,161356,161358],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,161349,1718],{"class":134},[60,161351,122],{"class":74},[60,161353,7611],{"class":118},[60,161355,82],{"class":74},[60,161357,130623],{"class":118},[60,161359,128],{"class":74},[20,161361,318],{},[51,161363,161365],{"className":53,"code":161364,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,161366,161367,161373,161380],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,161368,161369,161371],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,161370,133642],{"class":66},[60,161372,33069],{"class":78},[60,161374,161375,161378],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,161376,161377],{"class":66},"Ben ",[60,161379,33074],{"class":78},[60,161381,161382,161385],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,161383,161384],{"class":66},"Cara ",[60,161386,33079],{"class":78},[20,161388,150,161389,161391],{},[15,161390,64079],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[46,161393,158,161395,161],{"id":161394},"what-zip-does",[15,161396,64079],{},[30,161398,161399,161404,161407,161410],{},[33,161400,161401,161403],{},[15,161402,64079],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[33,161405,161406],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[33,161408,161409],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[33,161411,161412],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,161414,161415],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[46,161417,199],{"id":198},[20,161419,7160],{},[51,161421,161423],{"className":53,"code":161422,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,161424,161425],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,161426,161427,161429,161431,161434,161436,161439,161441,161443],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,161428,64149],{"class":134},[60,161430,122],{"class":74},[60,161432,161433],{"class":118},"iterable1",[60,161435,82],{"class":74},[60,161437,161438],{"class":118}," iterable2",[60,161440,82],{"class":74},[60,161442,34387],{"class":134},[60,161444,128],{"class":74},[20,161446,161447],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,161449,161450],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[51,161452,161454],{"className":53,"code":161453,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,161455,161456,161476,161508,161512],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,161457,161458,161460,161462,161464,161466,161468,161470,161472,161474],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,161459,67],{"class":66},[60,161461,71],{"class":70},[60,161463,75],{"class":74},[60,161465,79],{"class":78},[60,161467,82],{"class":74},[60,161469,85],{"class":78},[60,161471,82],{"class":74},[60,161473,94],{"class":78},[60,161475,101],{"class":74},[60,161477,161478,161480,161482,161484,161486,161488,161490,161492,161494,161496,161498,161500,161502,161504,161506],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,161479,248],{"class":66},[60,161481,71],{"class":70},[60,161483,75],{"class":74},[60,161485,256],{"class":255},[60,161487,260],{"class":259},[60,161489,256],{"class":255},[60,161491,82],{"class":74},[60,161493,267],{"class":255},[60,161495,270],{"class":259},[60,161497,256],{"class":255},[60,161499,82],{"class":74},[60,161501,267],{"class":255},[60,161503,287],{"class":259},[60,161505,256],{"class":255},[60,161507,101],{"class":74},[60,161509,161510],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,161511,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,161513,161514,161516,161518,161520,161522,161524,161526,161528,161530,161532],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,161515,135],{"class":134},[60,161517,122],{"class":74},[60,161519,8033],{"class":1656},[60,161521,122],{"class":74},[60,161523,64149],{"class":134},[60,161525,122],{"class":74},[60,161527,1506],{"class":118},[60,161529,82],{"class":74},[60,161531,69856],{"class":118},[60,161533,2872],{"class":74},[20,161535,318],{},[51,161537,161539],{"className":53,"code":161538,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161540,161541],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,161542,161543,161545,161547,161549,161551,161553,161555,161557,161559,161561,161563,161565,161567,161569,161571,161573,161575,161577,161579,161581,161583],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,161544,21673],{"class":74},[60,161546,79],{"class":78},[60,161548,82],{"class":74},[60,161550,3256],{"class":255},[60,161552,260],{"class":259},[60,161554,3261],{"class":255},[60,161556,9168],{"class":74},[60,161558,9171],{"class":74},[60,161560,125],{"class":78},[60,161562,82],{"class":74},[60,161564,3256],{"class":255},[60,161566,270],{"class":259},[60,161568,3261],{"class":255},[60,161570,9168],{"class":74},[60,161572,9171],{"class":74},[60,161574,189],{"class":78},[60,161576,82],{"class":74},[60,161578,3256],{"class":255},[60,161580,287],{"class":259},[60,161582,3261],{"class":255},[60,161584,9184],{"class":74},[20,161586,161587],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[51,161589,161591],{"className":53,"code":161590,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161592,161593,161625,161645,161679,161683],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,161594,161595,161597,161599,161601,161603,161605,161607,161609,161611,161613,161615,161617,161619,161621,161623],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,161596,1559],{"class":66},[60,161598,71],{"class":70},[60,161600,75],{"class":74},[60,161602,256],{"class":255},[60,161604,12817],{"class":259},[60,161606,256],{"class":255},[60,161608,82],{"class":74},[60,161610,267],{"class":255},[60,161612,35876],{"class":259},[60,161614,256],{"class":255},[60,161616,82],{"class":74},[60,161618,267],{"class":255},[60,161620,35885],{"class":259},[60,161622,256],{"class":255},[60,161624,101],{"class":74},[60,161626,161627,161629,161631,161633,161635,161637,161639,161641,161643],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,161628,5011],{"class":66},[60,161630,71],{"class":70},[60,161632,75],{"class":74},[60,161634,13437],{"class":78},[60,161636,82],{"class":74},[60,161638,13442],{"class":78},[60,161640,82],{"class":74},[60,161642,28853],{"class":78},[60,161644,101],{"class":74},[60,161646,161647,161650,161652,161654,161656,161658,161660,161662,161664,161666,161668,161670,161672,161675,161677],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,161648,161649],{"class":66},"grades ",[60,161651,71],{"class":70},[60,161653,75],{"class":74},[60,161655,256],{"class":255},[60,161657,22178],{"class":259},[60,161659,256],{"class":255},[60,161661,82],{"class":74},[60,161663,267],{"class":255},[60,161665,30532],{"class":259},[60,161667,256],{"class":255},[60,161669,82],{"class":74},[60,161671,267],{"class":255},[60,161673,161674],{"class":259},"B+",[60,161676,256],{"class":255},[60,161678,101],{"class":74},[60,161680,161681],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,161682,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,161684,161685,161687,161689,161691,161693,161695,161697,161699,161701,161703,161705,161708],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,161686,135],{"class":134},[60,161688,122],{"class":74},[60,161690,8033],{"class":1656},[60,161692,122],{"class":74},[60,161694,64149],{"class":134},[60,161696,122],{"class":74},[60,161698,1599],{"class":118},[60,161700,82],{"class":74},[60,161702,5058],{"class":118},[60,161704,82],{"class":74},[60,161706,161707],{"class":118}," grades",[60,161709,2872],{"class":74},[20,161711,318],{},[51,161713,161715],{"className":53,"code":161714,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,161716,161717],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,161718,161719,161721,161723,161725,161727,161729,161731,161733,161735,161737,161739,161741,161743,161745,161747,161749,161751,161753,161755,161757,161759,161761,161763,161765,161767,161769,161771,161773,161775,161777,161779,161781,161783],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,161720,21673],{"class":74},[60,161722,3261],{"class":255},[60,161724,12817],{"class":259},[60,161726,3261],{"class":255},[60,161728,82],{"class":74},[60,161730,19832],{"class":78},[60,161732,82],{"class":74},[60,161734,3256],{"class":255},[60,161736,22178],{"class":259},[60,161738,3261],{"class":255},[60,161740,9168],{"class":74},[60,161742,9171],{"class":74},[60,161744,3261],{"class":255},[60,161746,35876],{"class":259},[60,161748,3261],{"class":255},[60,161750,82],{"class":74},[60,161752,13442],{"class":78},[60,161754,82],{"class":74},[60,161756,3256],{"class":255},[60,161758,30532],{"class":259},[60,161760,3261],{"class":255},[60,161762,9168],{"class":74},[60,161764,9171],{"class":74},[60,161766,3261],{"class":255},[60,161768,35885],{"class":259},[60,161770,3261],{"class":255},[60,161772,82],{"class":74},[60,161774,28853],{"class":78},[60,161776,82],{"class":74},[60,161778,3256],{"class":255},[60,161780,161674],{"class":259},[60,161782,3261],{"class":255},[60,161784,9184],{"class":74},[46,161786,161788],{"id":161787},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,161790,161791],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[51,161793,161795],{"className":53,"code":161794,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,161796,161797,161829,161849,161853,161877],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,161798,161799,161801,161803,161805,161807,161809,161811,161813,161815,161817,161819,161821,161823,161825,161827],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,161800,1559],{"class":66},[60,161802,71],{"class":70},[60,161804,75],{"class":74},[60,161806,256],{"class":255},[60,161808,12817],{"class":259},[60,161810,256],{"class":255},[60,161812,82],{"class":74},[60,161814,267],{"class":255},[60,161816,35876],{"class":259},[60,161818,256],{"class":255},[60,161820,82],{"class":74},[60,161822,267],{"class":255},[60,161824,35885],{"class":259},[60,161826,256],{"class":255},[60,161828,101],{"class":74},[60,161830,161831,161833,161835,161837,161839,161841,161843,161845,161847],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,161832,5011],{"class":66},[60,161834,71],{"class":70},[60,161836,75],{"class":74},[60,161838,13437],{"class":78},[60,161840,82],{"class":74},[60,161842,13442],{"class":78},[60,161844,82],{"class":74},[60,161846,28853],{"class":78},[60,161848,101],{"class":74},[60,161850,161851],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,161852,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,161854,161855,161857,161859,161861,161863,161865,161867,161869,161871,161873,161875],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,161856,1702],{"class":1537},[60,161858,35927],{"class":66},[60,161860,82],{"class":74},[60,161862,5053],{"class":66},[60,161864,511],{"class":1537},[60,161866,161335],{"class":134},[60,161868,122],{"class":74},[60,161870,1599],{"class":118},[60,161872,82],{"class":74},[60,161874,5058],{"class":118},[60,161876,8281],{"class":74},[60,161878,161879,161881,161883,161885,161887,161889,161891,161893,161896,161898,161900,161902,161904],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,161880,1718],{"class":134},[60,161882,122],{"class":74},[60,161884,22227],{"class":2033},[60,161886,256],{"class":259},[60,161888,9213],{"class":78},[60,161890,7611],{"class":118},[60,161892,22236],{"class":78},[60,161894,161895],{"class":259}," scored ",[60,161897,9213],{"class":78},[60,161899,85280],{"class":118},[60,161901,22236],{"class":78},[60,161903,256],{"class":259},[60,161905,128],{"class":74},[20,161907,318],{},[51,161909,161911],{"className":53,"code":161910,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,161912,161913,161920,161927],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,161914,161915,161918],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,161916,161917],{"class":66},"Ana scored ",[60,161919,33069],{"class":78},[60,161921,161922,161925],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,161923,161924],{"class":66},"Ben scored ",[60,161926,33074],{"class":78},[60,161928,161929,161932],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,161930,161931],{"class":66},"Cara scored ",[60,161933,33079],{"class":78},[20,161935,44862],{},[30,161937,161938,161947,161950],{},[33,161939,161940,161943,161944],{},[15,161941,161942],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,161945,161946],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[33,161948,161949],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[33,161951,161952,544,161954,161956],{},[15,161953,7611],{},[15,161955,85280],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,161958,161959,161960,115],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[260,161961,69373],{"href":69372},[46,161963,161965],{"id":161964},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,161967,161968,161970],{},[15,161969,64079],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,161972,161973],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[51,161975,161977],{"className":53,"code":161976,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161978,161979,162020,162036,162040,162064],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,161980,161981,161983,161985,161987,161989,161991,161993,161995,161997,161999,162001,162003,162005,162007,162009,162011,162013,162016,162018],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,161982,1559],{"class":66},[60,161984,71],{"class":70},[60,161986,75],{"class":74},[60,161988,256],{"class":255},[60,161990,12817],{"class":259},[60,161992,256],{"class":255},[60,161994,82],{"class":74},[60,161996,267],{"class":255},[60,161998,35876],{"class":259},[60,162000,256],{"class":255},[60,162002,82],{"class":74},[60,162004,267],{"class":255},[60,162006,35885],{"class":259},[60,162008,256],{"class":255},[60,162010,82],{"class":74},[60,162012,267],{"class":255},[60,162014,162015],{"class":259},"Dan",[60,162017,256],{"class":255},[60,162019,101],{"class":74},[60,162021,162022,162024,162026,162028,162030,162032,162034],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,162023,5011],{"class":66},[60,162025,71],{"class":70},[60,162027,75],{"class":74},[60,162029,13437],{"class":78},[60,162031,82],{"class":74},[60,162033,13442],{"class":78},[60,162035,101],{"class":74},[60,162037,162038],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,162039,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,162041,162042,162044,162046,162048,162050,162052,162054,162056,162058,162060,162062],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,162043,1702],{"class":1537},[60,162045,35927],{"class":66},[60,162047,82],{"class":74},[60,162049,5053],{"class":66},[60,162051,511],{"class":1537},[60,162053,161335],{"class":134},[60,162055,122],{"class":74},[60,162057,1599],{"class":118},[60,162059,82],{"class":74},[60,162061,5058],{"class":118},[60,162063,8281],{"class":74},[60,162065,162066,162068,162070,162072,162074,162076],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,162067,1718],{"class":134},[60,162069,122],{"class":74},[60,162071,7611],{"class":118},[60,162073,82],{"class":74},[60,162075,130623],{"class":118},[60,162077,128],{"class":74},[20,162079,318],{},[51,162081,162083],{"className":53,"code":162082,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,162084,162085,162091],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,162086,162087,162089],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,162088,133642],{"class":66},[60,162090,33069],{"class":78},[60,162092,162093,162095],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,162094,161377],{"class":66},[60,162096,33074],{"class":78},[20,162098,2250,162099,544,162102,162105],{},[15,162100,162101],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,162103,162104],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,162107,162108],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[51,162110,162112],{"className":53,"code":162111,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,162113,162114,162154,162170,162174],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,162115,162116,162118,162120,162122,162124,162126,162128,162130,162132,162134,162136,162138,162140,162142,162144,162146,162148,162150,162152],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,162117,1559],{"class":66},[60,162119,71],{"class":70},[60,162121,75],{"class":74},[60,162123,256],{"class":255},[60,162125,12817],{"class":259},[60,162127,256],{"class":255},[60,162129,82],{"class":74},[60,162131,267],{"class":255},[60,162133,35876],{"class":259},[60,162135,256],{"class":255},[60,162137,82],{"class":74},[60,162139,267],{"class":255},[60,162141,35885],{"class":259},[60,162143,256],{"class":255},[60,162145,82],{"class":74},[60,162147,267],{"class":255},[60,162149,162015],{"class":259},[60,162151,256],{"class":255},[60,162153,101],{"class":74},[60,162155,162156,162158,162160,162162,162164,162166,162168],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,162157,5011],{"class":66},[60,162159,71],{"class":70},[60,162161,75],{"class":74},[60,162163,13437],{"class":78},[60,162165,82],{"class":74},[60,162167,13442],{"class":78},[60,162169,101],{"class":74},[60,162171,162172],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,162173,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,162175,162176,162178,162180,162182,162184,162186,162188,162190,162192,162194],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,162177,135],{"class":134},[60,162179,122],{"class":74},[60,162181,11097],{"class":134},[60,162183,122],{"class":74},[60,162185,1599],{"class":118},[60,162187,9168],{"class":74},[60,162189,38319],{"class":134},[60,162191,122],{"class":74},[60,162193,16324],{"class":118},[60,162195,315],{"class":74},[20,162197,318],{},[51,162199,162201],{"className":53,"code":162200,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"4 2\n",[15,162202,162203],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,162204,162205,162207],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,162206,2465],{"class":78},[60,162208,45521],{"class":78},[20,162210,162211,162212,115],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,162213,64079],{},[46,162215,91871,162217,162219],{"id":162216},"converting-zip-output",[15,162218,64079],{}," output",[20,162221,1438,162222,162224],{},[15,162223,64079],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[553,162226,150,162228],{"id":162227},"use-listzip",[15,162229,162230],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,162232,162233],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[51,162235,162237],{"className":53,"code":162236,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,162238,162239,162271,162291,162295,162317],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,162240,162241,162243,162245,162247,162249,162251,162253,162255,162257,162259,162261,162263,162265,162267,162269],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,162242,1559],{"class":66},[60,162244,71],{"class":70},[60,162246,75],{"class":74},[60,162248,256],{"class":255},[60,162250,12817],{"class":259},[60,162252,256],{"class":255},[60,162254,82],{"class":74},[60,162256,267],{"class":255},[60,162258,35876],{"class":259},[60,162260,256],{"class":255},[60,162262,82],{"class":74},[60,162264,267],{"class":255},[60,162266,35885],{"class":259},[60,162268,256],{"class":255},[60,162270,101],{"class":74},[60,162272,162273,162275,162277,162279,162281,162283,162285,162287,162289],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,162274,5011],{"class":66},[60,162276,71],{"class":70},[60,162278,75],{"class":74},[60,162280,13437],{"class":78},[60,162282,82],{"class":74},[60,162284,13442],{"class":78},[60,162286,82],{"class":74},[60,162288,28853],{"class":78},[60,162290,101],{"class":74},[60,162292,162293],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,162294,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,162296,162297,162299,162301,162303,162305,162307,162309,162311,162313,162315],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,162298,9150],{"class":66},[60,162300,71],{"class":70},[60,162302,22492],{"class":1656},[60,162304,122],{"class":74},[60,162306,64149],{"class":134},[60,162308,122],{"class":74},[60,162310,1599],{"class":118},[60,162312,82],{"class":74},[60,162314,5058],{"class":118},[60,162316,315],{"class":74},[60,162318,162319,162321,162323,162325],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,162320,135],{"class":134},[60,162322,122],{"class":74},[60,162324,9197],{"class":118},[60,162326,128],{"class":74},[20,162328,318],{},[51,162330,162332],{"className":53,"code":162331,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,162333,162334],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,162335,162336,162338,162340,162342,162344,162346,162348,162350,162352,162354,162356,162358,162360,162362,162364,162366,162368,162370,162372,162374,162376],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,162337,21673],{"class":74},[60,162339,3261],{"class":255},[60,162341,12817],{"class":259},[60,162343,3261],{"class":255},[60,162345,82],{"class":74},[60,162347,19832],{"class":78},[60,162349,9168],{"class":74},[60,162351,9171],{"class":74},[60,162353,3261],{"class":255},[60,162355,35876],{"class":259},[60,162357,3261],{"class":255},[60,162359,82],{"class":74},[60,162361,13442],{"class":78},[60,162363,9168],{"class":74},[60,162365,9171],{"class":74},[60,162367,3261],{"class":255},[60,162369,35885],{"class":259},[60,162371,3261],{"class":255},[60,162373,82],{"class":74},[60,162375,28853],{"class":78},[60,162377,9184],{"class":74},[553,162379,150,162381],{"id":162380},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,162382,162383],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,162385,162386],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[51,162388,162390],{"className":53,"code":162389,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,162391,162392,162424,162452,162456,162478],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,162393,162394,162396,162398,162400,162402,162404,162406,162408,162410,162412,162414,162416,162418,162420,162422],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,162395,17177],{"class":66},[60,162397,71],{"class":70},[60,162399,75],{"class":74},[60,162401,256],{"class":255},[60,162403,7611],{"class":259},[60,162405,256],{"class":255},[60,162407,82],{"class":74},[60,162409,267],{"class":255},[60,162411,9234],{"class":259},[60,162413,256],{"class":255},[60,162415,82],{"class":74},[60,162417,267],{"class":255},[60,162419,10344],{"class":259},[60,162421,256],{"class":255},[60,162423,101],{"class":74},[60,162425,162426,162428,162430,162432,162434,162436,162438,162440,162442,162444,162446,162448,162450],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,162427,674],{"class":66},[60,162429,71],{"class":70},[60,162431,75],{"class":74},[60,162433,256],{"class":255},[60,162435,12817],{"class":259},[60,162437,256],{"class":255},[60,162439,82],{"class":74},[60,162441,9241],{"class":78},[60,162443,82],{"class":74},[60,162445,267],{"class":255},[60,162447,15966],{"class":259},[60,162449,256],{"class":255},[60,162451,101],{"class":74},[60,162453,162454],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,162455,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,162457,162458,162460,162462,162464,162466,162468,162470,162472,162474,162476],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,162459,13139],{"class":66},[60,162461,71],{"class":70},[60,162463,9105],{"class":1656},[60,162465,122],{"class":74},[60,162467,64149],{"class":134},[60,162469,122],{"class":74},[60,162471,16859],{"class":118},[60,162473,82],{"class":74},[60,162475,3840],{"class":118},[60,162477,315],{"class":74},[60,162479,162480,162482,162484,162486],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,162481,135],{"class":134},[60,162483,122],{"class":74},[60,162485,17242],{"class":118},[60,162487,128],{"class":74},[20,162489,318],{},[51,162491,162493],{"className":53,"code":162492,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,162494,162495],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,162496,162497,162499,162501,162503,162505,162507,162509,162511,162513,162515,162517,162519,162521,162523,162525,162527,162529,162531,162533,162535,162537,162539,162541],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,162498,9213],{"class":74},[60,162500,3261],{"class":255},[60,162502,7611],{"class":259},[60,162504,3261],{"class":255},[60,162506,166],{"class":74},[60,162508,3256],{"class":255},[60,162510,12817],{"class":259},[60,162512,3261],{"class":255},[60,162514,82],{"class":74},[60,162516,3256],{"class":255},[60,162518,9234],{"class":259},[60,162520,3261],{"class":255},[60,162522,166],{"class":74},[60,162524,9241],{"class":78},[60,162526,82],{"class":74},[60,162528,3256],{"class":255},[60,162530,10344],{"class":259},[60,162532,3261],{"class":255},[60,162534,166],{"class":74},[60,162536,3256],{"class":255},[60,162538,15966],{"class":259},[60,162540,3261],{"class":255},[60,162542,9244],{"class":74},[20,162544,162545,162546,115],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[260,162547,31019],{"href":31018},[553,162549,162551],{"id":162550},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,162553,162554],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[51,162556,162558],{"className":53,"code":162557,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162559,162560,162584,162600,162604,162622,162626,162640],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,162561,162562,162564,162566,162568,162570,162572,162574,162576,162578,162580,162582],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,162563,1559],{"class":66},[60,162565,71],{"class":70},[60,162567,75],{"class":74},[60,162569,256],{"class":255},[60,162571,12817],{"class":259},[60,162573,256],{"class":255},[60,162575,82],{"class":74},[60,162577,267],{"class":255},[60,162579,35876],{"class":259},[60,162581,256],{"class":255},[60,162583,101],{"class":74},[60,162585,162586,162588,162590,162592,162594,162596,162598],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,162587,5011],{"class":66},[60,162589,71],{"class":70},[60,162591,75],{"class":74},[60,162593,13437],{"class":78},[60,162595,82],{"class":74},[60,162597,13442],{"class":78},[60,162599,101],{"class":74},[60,162601,162602],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,162603,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,162605,162606,162608,162610,162612,162614,162616,162618,162620],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,162607,9150],{"class":66},[60,162609,71],{"class":70},[60,162611,161335],{"class":134},[60,162613,122],{"class":74},[60,162615,1599],{"class":118},[60,162617,82],{"class":74},[60,162619,5058],{"class":118},[60,162621,128],{"class":74},[60,162623,162624],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,162625,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,162627,162628,162630,162632,162634,162636,162638],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,162629,135],{"class":134},[60,162631,122],{"class":74},[60,162633,8033],{"class":1656},[60,162635,122],{"class":74},[60,162637,9197],{"class":118},[60,162639,315],{"class":74},[60,162641,162642,162644,162646,162648,162650,162652],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,162643,135],{"class":134},[60,162645,122],{"class":74},[60,162647,8033],{"class":1656},[60,162649,122],{"class":74},[60,162651,9197],{"class":118},[60,162653,315],{"class":74},[20,162655,318],{},[51,162657,162659],{"className":53,"code":162658,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,162660,162661,162691],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,162662,162663,162665,162667,162669,162671,162673,162675,162677,162679,162681,162683,162685,162687,162689],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,162664,21673],{"class":74},[60,162666,3261],{"class":255},[60,162668,12817],{"class":259},[60,162670,3261],{"class":255},[60,162672,82],{"class":74},[60,162674,19832],{"class":78},[60,162676,9168],{"class":74},[60,162678,9171],{"class":74},[60,162680,3261],{"class":255},[60,162682,35876],{"class":259},[60,162684,3261],{"class":255},[60,162686,82],{"class":74},[60,162688,13442],{"class":78},[60,162690,9184],{"class":74},[60,162692,162693],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,162694,38230],{"class":74},[20,162696,162697],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,162699,162700,162701,115],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[260,162702,5084],{"href":5532},[46,162704,40980],{"id":40979},[20,162706,162707,162708,115],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,162709,64079],{},[553,162711,162713],{"id":162712},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[51,162715,162717],{"className":53,"code":162716,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,162718,162719,162751,162771,162775,162799],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,162720,162721,162723,162725,162727,162729,162731,162733,162735,162737,162739,162741,162743,162745,162747,162749],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,162722,1559],{"class":66},[60,162724,71],{"class":70},[60,162726,75],{"class":74},[60,162728,256],{"class":255},[60,162730,12817],{"class":259},[60,162732,256],{"class":255},[60,162734,82],{"class":74},[60,162736,267],{"class":255},[60,162738,35876],{"class":259},[60,162740,256],{"class":255},[60,162742,82],{"class":74},[60,162744,267],{"class":255},[60,162746,35885],{"class":259},[60,162748,256],{"class":255},[60,162750,101],{"class":74},[60,162752,162753,162755,162757,162759,162761,162763,162765,162767,162769],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,162754,5011],{"class":66},[60,162756,71],{"class":70},[60,162758,75],{"class":74},[60,162760,13437],{"class":78},[60,162762,82],{"class":74},[60,162764,13442],{"class":78},[60,162766,82],{"class":74},[60,162768,28853],{"class":78},[60,162770,101],{"class":74},[60,162772,162773],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,162774,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,162776,162777,162779,162781,162783,162785,162787,162789,162791,162793,162795,162797],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,162778,1702],{"class":1537},[60,162780,35927],{"class":66},[60,162782,82],{"class":74},[60,162784,5053],{"class":66},[60,162786,511],{"class":1537},[60,162788,161335],{"class":134},[60,162790,122],{"class":74},[60,162792,1599],{"class":118},[60,162794,82],{"class":74},[60,162796,5058],{"class":118},[60,162798,8281],{"class":74},[60,162800,162801,162803,162805,162807,162809,162811,162813,162815,162817,162819,162821,162823,162825],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,162802,1718],{"class":134},[60,162804,122],{"class":74},[60,162806,22227],{"class":2033},[60,162808,256],{"class":259},[60,162810,9213],{"class":78},[60,162812,7611],{"class":118},[60,162814,22236],{"class":78},[60,162816,22239],{"class":259},[60,162818,9213],{"class":78},[60,162820,85280],{"class":118},[60,162822,22236],{"class":78},[60,162824,256],{"class":259},[60,162826,128],{"class":74},[553,162828,162830],{"id":162829},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[51,162832,162834],{"className":53,"code":162833,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,162835,162836,162868,162892,162896,162918],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,162837,162838,162840,162842,162844,162846,162848,162850,162852,162854,162856,162858,162860,162862,162864,162866],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,162839,17177],{"class":66},[60,162841,71],{"class":70},[60,162843,75],{"class":74},[60,162845,256],{"class":255},[60,162847,12586],{"class":259},[60,162849,256],{"class":255},[60,162851,82],{"class":74},[60,162853,267],{"class":255},[60,162855,7611],{"class":259},[60,162857,256],{"class":255},[60,162859,82],{"class":74},[60,162861,267],{"class":255},[60,162863,15756],{"class":259},[60,162865,256],{"class":255},[60,162867,101],{"class":74},[60,162869,162870,162872,162874,162876,162878,162880,162882,162884,162886,162888,162890],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,162871,674],{"class":66},[60,162873,71],{"class":70},[60,162875,75],{"class":74},[60,162877,46524],{"class":78},[60,162879,82],{"class":74},[60,162881,267],{"class":255},[60,162883,12817],{"class":259},[60,162885,256],{"class":255},[60,162887,82],{"class":74},[60,162889,686],{"class":685},[60,162891,101],{"class":74},[60,162893,162894],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,162895,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,162897,162898,162900,162902,162904,162906,162908,162910,162912,162914,162916],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,162899,1127],{"class":66},[60,162901,71],{"class":70},[60,162903,9105],{"class":1656},[60,162905,122],{"class":74},[60,162907,64149],{"class":134},[60,162909,122],{"class":74},[60,162911,16859],{"class":118},[60,162913,82],{"class":74},[60,162915,3840],{"class":118},[60,162917,315],{"class":74},[60,162919,162920,162922,162924,162926],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,162921,135],{"class":134},[60,162923,122],{"class":74},[60,162925,9139],{"class":118},[60,162927,128],{"class":74},[553,162929,162931],{"id":162930},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[51,162933,162935],{"className":53,"code":162934,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,162936,162937,162957,162977,162981,163006],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,162938,162939,162941,162943,162945,162947,162949,162951,162953,162955],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,162940,80418],{"class":66},[60,162942,71],{"class":70},[60,162944,75],{"class":74},[60,162946,873],{"class":78},[60,162948,82],{"class":74},[60,162950,878],{"class":78},[60,162952,82],{"class":74},[60,162954,888],{"class":78},[60,162956,101],{"class":74},[60,162958,162959,162961,162963,162965,162967,162969,162971,162973,162975],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,162960,80439],{"class":66},[60,162962,71],{"class":70},[60,162964,75],{"class":74},[60,162966,873],{"class":78},[60,162968,82],{"class":74},[60,162970,9241],{"class":78},[60,162972,82],{"class":74},[60,162974,888],{"class":78},[60,162976,101],{"class":74},[60,162978,162979],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,162980,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,162982,162983,162985,162987,162989,162992,162994,162996,162998,163000,163002,163004],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,162984,1702],{"class":1537},[60,162986,56809],{"class":66},[60,162988,82],{"class":74},[60,162990,162991],{"class":66}," b ",[60,162993,511],{"class":1537},[60,162995,161335],{"class":134},[60,162997,122],{"class":74},[60,162999,111510],{"class":118},[60,163001,82],{"class":74},[60,163003,80482],{"class":118},[60,163005,8281],{"class":74},[60,163007,163008,163010,163012,163014,163016,163018],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,163009,1718],{"class":134},[60,163011,122],{"class":74},[60,163013,2515],{"class":118},[60,163015,4639],{"class":70},[60,163017,2520],{"class":118},[60,163019,128],{"class":74},[20,163021,318],{},[51,163023,163025],{"className":53,"code":163024,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,163026,163027,163031,163035],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,163028,163029],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,163030,3933],{"class":685},[60,163032,163033],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,163034,3994],{"class":685},[60,163036,163037],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,163038,3933],{"class":685},[553,163040,163042],{"id":163041},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[51,163044,163046],{"className":53,"code":163045,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,163047,163048,163083,163106,163110,163137],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,163049,163050,163053,163055,163057,163059,163061,163063,163065,163067,163070,163072,163074,163076,163079,163081],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,163051,163052],{"class":66},"products ",[60,163054,71],{"class":70},[60,163056,75],{"class":74},[60,163058,256],{"class":255},[60,163060,25073],{"class":259},[60,163062,256],{"class":255},[60,163064,82],{"class":74},[60,163066,267],{"class":255},[60,163068,163069],{"class":259},"Pen",[60,163071,256],{"class":255},[60,163073,82],{"class":74},[60,163075,267],{"class":255},[60,163077,163078],{"class":259},"Bag",[60,163080,256],{"class":255},[60,163082,101],{"class":74},[60,163084,163085,163087,163089,163091,163094,163096,163099,163101,163104],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,163086,82808],{"class":66},[60,163088,71],{"class":70},[60,163090,75],{"class":74},[60,163092,163093],{"class":78},"12.5",[60,163095,82],{"class":74},[60,163097,163098],{"class":78}," 1.2",[60,163100,82],{"class":74},[60,163102,163103],{"class":78}," 25.0",[60,163105,101],{"class":74},[60,163107,163108],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,163109,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,163111,163112,163114,163116,163118,163121,163123,163125,163127,163130,163132,163135],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,163113,1702],{"class":1537},[60,163115,25134],{"class":66},[60,163117,82],{"class":74},[60,163119,163120],{"class":66}," price ",[60,163122,511],{"class":1537},[60,163124,161335],{"class":134},[60,163126,122],{"class":74},[60,163128,163129],{"class":118},"products",[60,163131,82],{"class":74},[60,163133,163134],{"class":118}," prices",[60,163136,8281],{"class":74},[60,163138,163139,163141,163143,163145,163147,163149,163151,163153,163156,163158,163160,163162,163164],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,163140,1718],{"class":134},[60,163142,122],{"class":74},[60,163144,22227],{"class":2033},[60,163146,256],{"class":259},[60,163148,9213],{"class":78},[60,163150,26942],{"class":118},[60,163152,22236],{"class":78},[60,163154,163155],{"class":259}," costs $",[60,163157,9213],{"class":78},[60,163159,25082],{"class":118},[60,163161,22236],{"class":78},[60,163163,256],{"class":259},[60,163165,128],{"class":74},[20,163167,36536,163168,115],{},[260,163169,163171],{"href":163170},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[46,163173,163175,163176],{"id":163174},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,163177,64079],{},[553,163179,1454,163181,163183],{"id":163180},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,163182,64079],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,163185,163186,163188],{},[15,163187,64079],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,163190,163191],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[51,163193,163195],{"className":53,"code":163194,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,163196,163197],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,163198,163199,163201,163203,163205,163207,163209,163211,163213,163215,163217],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,163200,135],{"class":134},[60,163202,122],{"class":74},[60,163204,11097],{"class":134},[60,163206,122],{"class":74},[60,163208,111510],{"class":118},[60,163210,9168],{"class":74},[60,163212,38319],{"class":134},[60,163214,122],{"class":74},[60,163216,80705],{"class":118},[60,163218,315],{"class":74},[553,163220,163222],{"id":163221},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,163224,68596],{},[51,163226,163228],{"className":53,"code":163227,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,163229,163230,163266,163270,163283,163293,163297,163309],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,163231,163232,163234,163236,163238,163240,163242,163244,163246,163248,163250,163252,163254,163256,163258,163260,163262,163264],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,163233,9150],{"class":66},[60,163235,71],{"class":70},[60,163237,161335],{"class":134},[60,163239,835],{"class":74},[60,163241,79],{"class":78},[60,163243,82],{"class":74},[60,163245,85],{"class":78},[60,163247,791],{"class":74},[60,163249,75],{"class":74},[60,163251,256],{"class":255},[60,163253,260],{"class":259},[60,163255,256],{"class":255},[60,163257,82],{"class":74},[60,163259,267],{"class":255},[60,163261,270],{"class":259},[60,163263,256],{"class":255},[60,163265,1193],{"class":74},[60,163267,163268],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,163269,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,163271,163272,163274,163276,163278,163281],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,163273,1702],{"class":1537},[60,163275,1705],{"class":66},[60,163277,511],{"class":1537},[60,163279,163280],{"class":66}," pairs",[60,163282,1712],{"class":74},[60,163284,163285,163287,163289,163291],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,163286,1718],{"class":134},[60,163288,122],{"class":74},[60,163290,1728],{"class":118},[60,163292,128],{"class":74},[60,163294,163295],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,163296,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,163298,163299,163301,163303,163305,163307],{"class":62,"line":1715},[60,163300,1702],{"class":1537},[60,163302,1705],{"class":66},[60,163304,511],{"class":1537},[60,163306,163280],{"class":66},[60,163308,1712],{"class":74},[60,163310,163311,163313,163315,163317],{"class":62,"line":6356},[60,163312,1718],{"class":134},[60,163314,122],{"class":74},[60,163316,1728],{"class":118},[60,163318,128],{"class":74},[20,163320,163321],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[553,163323,163325],{"id":163324},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,163327,163328],{},"This is correct:",[51,163330,163332],{"className":53,"code":163331,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,163333,163334,163358,163374,163378,163402],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,163335,163336,163338,163340,163342,163344,163346,163348,163350,163352,163354,163356],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,163337,1559],{"class":66},[60,163339,71],{"class":70},[60,163341,75],{"class":74},[60,163343,256],{"class":255},[60,163345,12817],{"class":259},[60,163347,256],{"class":255},[60,163349,82],{"class":74},[60,163351,267],{"class":255},[60,163353,35876],{"class":259},[60,163355,256],{"class":255},[60,163357,101],{"class":74},[60,163359,163360,163362,163364,163366,163368,163370,163372],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,163361,5011],{"class":66},[60,163363,71],{"class":70},[60,163365,75],{"class":74},[60,163367,13437],{"class":78},[60,163369,82],{"class":74},[60,163371,13442],{"class":78},[60,163373,101],{"class":74},[60,163375,163376],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,163377,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,163379,163380,163382,163384,163386,163388,163390,163392,163394,163396,163398,163400],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,163381,1702],{"class":1537},[60,163383,35927],{"class":66},[60,163385,82],{"class":74},[60,163387,5053],{"class":66},[60,163389,511],{"class":1537},[60,163391,161335],{"class":134},[60,163393,122],{"class":74},[60,163395,1599],{"class":118},[60,163397,82],{"class":74},[60,163399,5058],{"class":118},[60,163401,8281],{"class":74},[60,163403,163404,163406,163408,163410,163412,163414],{"class":62,"line":478},[60,163405,1718],{"class":134},[60,163407,122],{"class":74},[60,163409,7611],{"class":118},[60,163411,82],{"class":74},[60,163413,130623],{"class":118},[60,163415,128],{"class":74},[20,163417,163418],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[51,163420,163422],{"className":53,"code":163421,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,163423,163424,163444],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,163425,163426,163428,163430,163432,163434,163436,163438,163440,163442],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,163427,1702],{"class":1537},[60,163429,1705],{"class":66},[60,163431,511],{"class":1537},[60,163433,161335],{"class":134},[60,163435,122],{"class":74},[60,163437,1599],{"class":118},[60,163439,82],{"class":74},[60,163441,5058],{"class":118},[60,163443,8281],{"class":74},[60,163445,163446,163448,163450,163452],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,163447,1718],{"class":134},[60,163449,122],{"class":74},[60,163451,1728],{"class":118},[60,163453,128],{"class":74},[20,163455,318],{},[51,163457,163459],{"className":53,"code":163458,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,163460,163461,163477],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,163462,163463,163465,163467,163469,163471,163473,163475],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,163464,122],{"class":74},[60,163466,3261],{"class":255},[60,163468,12817],{"class":259},[60,163470,3261],{"class":255},[60,163472,82],{"class":74},[60,163474,19832],{"class":78},[60,163476,128],{"class":74},[60,163478,163479,163481,163483,163485,163487,163489,163491],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,163480,122],{"class":74},[60,163482,3261],{"class":255},[60,163484,35876],{"class":259},[60,163486,3261],{"class":255},[60,163488,82],{"class":74},[60,163490,13442],{"class":78},[60,163492,128],{"class":74},[20,163494,163495],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[553,163497,8356,163499,163501,163502],{"id":163498},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,163500,64079],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,163503,35684],{},[20,163505,150,163506,163508],{},[15,163507,64079],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,163510,150,163511,163513],{},[15,163512,35684],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[51,163515,163516],{"className":53,"code":35853,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,163517,163518,163550,163554,163574],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,163519,163520,163522,163524,163526,163528,163530,163532,163534,163536,163538,163540,163542,163544,163546,163548],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,163521,1559],{"class":66},[60,163523,71],{"class":70},[60,163525,75],{"class":74},[60,163527,256],{"class":255},[60,163529,12817],{"class":259},[60,163531,256],{"class":255},[60,163533,82],{"class":74},[60,163535,267],{"class":255},[60,163537,35876],{"class":259},[60,163539,256],{"class":255},[60,163541,82],{"class":74},[60,163543,267],{"class":255},[60,163545,35885],{"class":259},[60,163547,256],{"class":255},[60,163549,101],{"class":74},[60,163551,163552],{"class":62,"line":104},[60,163553,422],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":421},[60,163555,163556,163558,163560,163562,163564,163566,163568,163570,163572],{"class":62,"line":131},[60,163557,1702],{"class":1537},[60,163559,35756],{"class":66},[60,163561,82],{"class":74},[60,163563,35904],{"class":66},[60,163565,511],{"class":1537},[60,163567,35766],{"class":134},[60,163569,122],{"class":74},[60,163571,1599],{"class":118},[60,163573,8281],{"class":74},[60,163575,163576,163578,163580,163582,163584,163586],{"class":62,"line":452},[60,163577,1718],{"class":134},[60,163579,122],{"class":74},[60,163581,35781],{"class":118},[60,163583,82],{"class":74},[60,163585,35927],{"class":118},[60,163587,128],{"class":74},[20,163589,163590,163591,115],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[260,163592,1875,163593,3471],{"href":91783},[15,163594,35684],{},[46,163596,1773],{"id":1772},[553,163598,5090,163600,5093],{"id":163599},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163601,64079],{},[20,163603,163604],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[553,163606,1777,163608,163610],{"id":163607},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,163609,64079],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,163612,163613],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[553,163615,163617,163618,1435],{"id":163616},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,163619,64079],{},[20,163621,163622,163623,115],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,163624,162230],{},[553,163626,163628,163629,1435],{"id":163627},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,163630,64079],{},[20,163632,127988,163633,163635],{},[15,163634,162383],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[553,163637,163639],{"id":163638},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,163641,163642],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[46,163644,1842],{"id":1841},[30,163646,163647,163652,163658,163662,163666],{},[33,163648,163649],{},[260,163650,163651],{"href":163170},"How to use zip in Python",[33,163653,163654],{},[260,163655,1875,163656,3471],{"href":91783},[15,163657,35684],{},[33,163659,163660],{},[260,163661,5163],{"href":5532},[33,163663,163664],{},[260,163665,69449],{"href":69372},[33,163667,163668],{},[260,163669,32193],{"href":31018},[1885,163671,163672],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":163674},[163675,163676,163678,163679,163680,163681,163689,163695,163704,163715],{"id":1971,"depth":104,"text":1972},{"id":161394,"depth":104,"text":163677},"What zip() does",{"id":198,"depth":104,"text":199},{"id":161787,"depth":104,"text":161788},{"id":161964,"depth":104,"text":161965},{"id":162216,"depth":104,"text":163682,"children":163683},"Converting zip() output",[163684,163686,163688],{"id":162227,"depth":131,"text":163685},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162380,"depth":131,"text":163687},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162550,"depth":131,"text":162551},{"id":40979,"depth":104,"text":40980,"children":163690},[163691,163692,163693,163694],{"id":162712,"depth":131,"text":162713},{"id":162829,"depth":131,"text":162830},{"id":162930,"depth":131,"text":162931},{"id":163041,"depth":131,"text":163042},{"id":163174,"depth":104,"text":163696,"children":163697},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163698,163700,163701,163702],{"id":163180,"depth":131,"text":163699},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163221,"depth":131,"text":163222},{"id":163324,"depth":131,"text":163325},{"id":163498,"depth":131,"text":163703},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1772,"depth":104,"text":1773,"children":163705},[163706,163708,163710,163712,163714],{"id":163599,"depth":131,"text":163707},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163607,"depth":131,"text":163709},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163616,"depth":131,"text":163711},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163627,"depth":131,"text":163713},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163638,"depth":131,"text":163639},{"id":1841,"depth":104,"text":1842},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161236,"description":163716},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776944838995]